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Tazuma S, Sudo T, Ishikawa A, Yamaguchi A, Shibata Y, Ishida Y, Kuraoka K, Uemura K, Takahashi S, Tashiro H. Effects of transmembrane serine protease 4 on the survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Surg Today 2024:10.1007/s00595-024-02824-y. [PMID: 38637344 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transmembrane serine protease 4 (TMPRSS4) gene is upregulated in various human cancers. However, its biological functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. We examined the expression of TMPRSS4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery. METHODS The TMPRSS4 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 81 PDAC patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We analyzed the association between the TMPRSS4 expression and clinicopathological factors, the recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the overall survival (OS) and examined the effect of TMPRSS4 expression on cell migration and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS The expression rate of TMPRSS4 in the samples was 62.9% (51/81). The TMPRSS4 expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological feature. The five-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly lower in the TMPRSS4-positive group than in the TMPRSS4-negative group. On a multivariate analysis, TMPRSS4 positivity, poorly differentiated histology, and non-adjuvant chemotherapy predicted a poor OS, while TMPRSS4 positivity and poorly differentiated histology predicted a poor RFS. TMPRSS4-silenced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells showed higher sensitivity to 5- fluorouracil than did the control siRNA-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS4 can be considered a prognostic factor and therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tazuma
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sudo
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Institute for Clinical Laboratory, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Aoyama, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuraoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan.
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Guo L, Kruglyak L. Genetics and biology of coloration in reptiles: the curious case of the Lemon Frost geckos. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:479-486. [PMID: 37642275 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are more than 10,000 reptile species, and reptiles have historically contributed to our understanding of biology, genetics research into class Reptilia has lagged compared with other animals. Here, we summarize recent progress in genetics of coloration in reptiles, with a focus on the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. We highlight genetic approaches that have been used to examine variation in color and pattern formation in this species as well as to provide insights into mechanisms underlying skin cancer. We propose that their long breeding history in captivity makes leopard geckos one of the most promising emerging reptilian models for genetic studies. More broadly, technological advances in genetics, genomics, and gene editing may herald a golden era for studies of reptile biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Guo
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Geriatrics Center and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
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3
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Kim S. TMPRSS4, a type II transmembrane serine protease, as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:716-724. [PMID: 37009799 PMCID: PMC10167312 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are involved in almost all biological processes, implying their importance for both health and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of proteases is a key event in cancer. Initially, research identified their role in invasion and metastasis, but more recent studies have shown that proteases are involved in all stages of cancer development and progression, both directly through proteolytic activity and indirectly via regulation of cellular signaling and functions. Over the past two decades, a novel subfamily of serine proteases called type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) has been identified. Many TTSPs are overexpressed by a variety of tumors and are potential novel markers of tumor development and progression; these TTSPs are possible molecular targets for anticancer therapeutics. The transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), a member of the TTSP family, is upregulated in pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, lung, thyroid, prostate, and several other cancers; indeed, elevated expression of TMPRSS4 often correlates with poor prognosis. Based on its broad expression profile in cancer, TMPRSS4 has been the focus of attention in anticancer research. This review summarizes up-to-date information regarding the expression, regulation, and clinical relevance of TMPRSS4, as well as its role in pathological contexts, particularly in cancer. It also provides a general overview of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TTSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34113, Korea.
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4
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Izumi A, Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi M, Yamashita F, Fukushima T, Kiwaki T, Tanaka H, Yamashita Y, Kataoka H. Insufficiency of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 confers lymphatic invasion of tongue carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2179-2193. [PMID: 35332604 PMCID: PMC9207362 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator inhibitor type‐1 (HAI‐1), encoded by the SPINT1 gene, is a transmembrane protease inhibitor that regulates membrane‐anchored serine proteases, particularly matriptase. Here, we explored the role of HAI‐1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells. An immunohistochemical study of HAI‐1 in surgically resected TSCC revealed the cell surface immunoreactivity of HAI‐1 in the main portion of the tumor. The immunoreactivity decreased in the infiltrative front, and this decrease correlated with enhanced lymphatic invasion as judged by podoplanin immunostaining. In vitro homozygous deletion of SPINT1 (HAI‐1KO) in TSCC cell lines (HSC3 and SAS) suppressed the cell growth rate but significantly enhanced invasion in vitro. The loss of HAI‐1 resulted in enhanced pericellular activities of proteases, such as matriptase and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator, which induced activation of HGF/MET signaling in the co‐culture with pro‐HGF‐expressing fibroblasts and plasminogen‐dependent plasmin generation, respectively. The enhanced plasminogen‐dependent plasmin generation was abrogated partly by matriptase silencing. Culture supernatants of HAI‐1KO cells had enhanced potency for converting the proform of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C), a lymphangiogenesis factor, into the mature form in a plasminogen‐dependent manner. Furthermore, HGF significantly stimulated VEGF‐C expression in TSCC cells. Orthotopic xenotransplantation into nude mouse tongue revealed enhanced lymphatic invasion of HAI‐1KO TSCC cells compared to control cells. Our results suggest that HAI‐1 insufficiency leads to dysregulated pericellular protease activity, which eventually orchestrates robust activation of protease‐dependent growth factors, such as HGF and VEGF‐C, in a tumor microenvironment to contribute to TSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Izumi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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5
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Dai YH, Wang YF, Shen PC, Lo CH, Yang JF, Lin CS, Chao HL, Huang WY. Gene-associated methylation status of ST14 as a predictor of survival and hormone receptor positivity in breast Cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:945. [PMID: 34418985 PMCID: PMC8380334 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic profiles of specific gene sets have been established to guide personalized treatment and prognosis for patients with breast cancer (BC). However, epigenomic information has not yet been applied in a clinical setting. ST14 encodes matriptase, a proteinase that is widely expressed in BC with reported prognostic value. Methods In this present study, we evaluated the effect of ST14 DNA methylation (DNAm) on overall survival (OS) of patients with BC as a representative example to promote the use of the epigenome in clinical decisions. We analyzed publicly available genomic and epigenomic data from 1361 BC patients. Methylation was characterized by the β-value from CpG probes based on sequencing with the Illumina Human 450 K platform. Results A high mean DNAm (β > 0.6779) across 34 CpG probes for ST14, as the gene-associated methylation (GAM) pattern, was associated with a longer OS after adjusting age, stage, histology and molecular features in Cox model (p value < 0.001). A high GAM status was also associated with a higher XBP1 expression level and higher proportion of hormone-positive BC (p value < 0.001). Pathway analysis revealed that altered GAM was related to matrisome-associated pathway. Conclusions Here we show the potential role of ST14 DNAm in BC prognosis and warrant further study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08645-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lung Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Chengong Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Tian F, Wang P, Lin D, Dai J, Liu Q, Guan Y, Zhan Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang J, Liu J, Zheng L, Zhuang Y, Hu J, Wang J, Kong D, Zhu K. Exosome-delivered miR-221/222 exacerbates tumor liver metastasis by targeting SPINT1 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3744-3755. [PMID: 34125460 PMCID: PMC8409403 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of many cancers through largely unelucidated mechanisms. The results of our present study identified a gene cluster, miR-221/222, that is constitutively upregulated in serum exosome samples of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with liver metastasis (LM); this upregulation predicts a poor overall survival rate. Using an in vitro cell coculture model, we demonstrated that CRC exosomes harboring miR-221/222 activate liver hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by suppressing SPINT1 expression. Importantly, miR-221/222 plays a key role in forming a favorable premetastatic niche (PMN) that leads to the aggressive nature of CRC, which was further shown through in vivo studies. Overall, our results show that exosomal miR-221/222 promotes CRC progression and may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyun Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qibing Liu
- Hainan Provincial Research Center for Innovative Drugs Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiefu Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dalu Kong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kegan Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Borowicz S, Principe DR, Dorman MJ, McHenry AJ, Sondarva G, Kumar S, Ananthanarayanan V, Simms PE, Hess A, Rana A. HAI-1 is an independent predictor of lung cancer mortality and is required for M1 macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252197. [PMID: 34185790 PMCID: PMC8241049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Though immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized lung cancer therapy in recent years, there are several factors limiting the therapeutic efficacy of ICI-based immunotherapy in lung cancer. Recent evidence suggests that one such mechanism is the phenotypic shift of tumor-infiltrating macrophages away from an anti-tumor M1 phenotype and towards an anti-inflammatory and tumor-permissive M2 phenotype. Though this phenomenon is well documented, the means through which the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) usurps macrophage function are poorly described. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a known driver of both lung cancer pathobiology as well as M2 polarization, and its signaling is antagonized by the tumor suppressor gene HAI-1 (SPINT1). Using a combination of genomic databases, primary NSCLC specimens, and in vitro models, we determined that patients with loss of HAI-1 have a particularly poor prognosis, hallmarked by increased HGF expression and an M2-dominant immune infiltrate. Similarly, conditioned media from HAI-1-deficient tumor cells led to a loss of M1 and increased M2 polarization in vitro, and patient NSCLC tissues with loss of HAI-1 showed a similar loss of M1 macrophages. Combined, these results suggest that loss of HAI-1 is a potential means through which tumors acquire an immunosuppressive, M2-dominated TME, potentially through impaired M1 macrophage polarization. Hence, HAI-1 status may be informative when stratifying patients that may benefit from therapies targeting the HGF pathway, particularly as an adjuvant to ICI-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Borowicz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Dorman
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Austin J McHenry
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Patricia E Simms
- Loyola University FACS Core Facility, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashley Hess
- Loyola University FACS Core Facility, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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8
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Guo L, Bloom J, Sykes S, Huang E, Kashif Z, Pham E, Ho K, Alcaraz A, Xiao XG, Duarte-Vogel S, Kruglyak L. Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in "Lemon Frost" leopard geckos. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009580. [PMID: 34166378 PMCID: PMC8224956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The squamates (lizards and snakes) are close relatives of birds and mammals, with more than 10,000 described species that display extensive variation in a number of important biological traits, including coloration, venom production, and regeneration. Due to a lack of genomic tools, few genetic studies in squamates have been carried out. The leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, is a popular companion animal, and displays a variety of coloration patterns. We took advantage of a large breeding colony and used linkage analysis, synteny, and homozygosity mapping to investigate a spontaneous semi-dominant mutation, “Lemon Frost”, that produces white coloration and causes skin tumors (iridophoroma). We localized the mutation to a single locus which contains a strong candidate gene, SPINT1, a tumor suppressor implicated in human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and over-proliferation of epithelial cells in mice and zebrafish. Our work establishes the leopard gecko as a tractable genetic system and suggests that a tumor suppressor in melanocytes in humans can also suppress tumor development in iridophores in lizards. The squamates (lizards and snakes) comprise a diverse group of reptiles, with more than 10,000 described species that display extensive variation in a number of important biological traits, including coloration. In this manuscript, we used quantitative genetics and genomics to map the mutation underlying white coloration in the Lemon Frost morph of the common leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. Lemon Frost geckos have increased white body coloration with brightened yellow and orange areas. This morph also displays a high incidence of iridophoroma, a tumor of white-colored cells. We obtained phenotype information and DNA samples from geckos in a large breeding colony and used genome sequencing and genetic linkage analysis to localize the Lemon Frost mutation to a single locus. This locus contains a strong candidate gene, SPINT1, a tumor suppressor implicated in human skin cutaneous melanoma. Together with other recent advances, our work brings reptiles into the modern genetics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Guo
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LG); (LK)
| | - Joshua Bloom
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Sykes
- Geckos Etc. Herpetoculture, Rocklin, California, United States of America
| | - Elaine Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Zain Kashif
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elise Pham
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Katarina Ho
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Alcaraz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Xinshu Grace Xiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sandra Duarte-Vogel
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LG); (LK)
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9
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Xiang Y, Liang B, Jiang Y, Sun F, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Hu X, Liu Y, Huang Q, Liao W, Yao Z, Li S, Shi M. MET transcriptional regulator/serine peptidase inhibitor kunitz type 1 panel operating through HGF/c-MET axis as a prognostic signature in pan-cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2442-2460. [PMID: 33751856 PMCID: PMC7982633 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulations in transcription factors (TFs) and their genetic products play important roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. However, prognostic value of the transcriptional regulatory networks in different cancers has not been investigated in depth. The purpose of our study was to identify and validate a potential predictive signature that combines TFs and their regulatory products in eight solid tumors. We used bioinformatics analysis to identify MET Transcriptional Regulator (MACC1) and Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kunitz Type 1 (SPINT1) as candidate TFs with the respective downstream regulatory proteins for patient prognosis in pan‐cancer. Subsequent molecular analysis of clinical gastric cancer tissue samples further verified the negative correlation between MACC1 and SPINT1. Further, we showed that mechanistically, MACC1/SPINT1 mediated the pro‐HGF proteolysis and c‐Met phosphorylation in HGF/c‐MET signaling pathway. Kaplan‐Meier plots and receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the two‐gene signature combining MACC1 with SPINT1 was effective in predicting survival in all eight cancer cohorts tested. In conclusion, our study clarified the regulatory relationship between MACC1 and SPINT1 in the context of the HGF/c‐MET signaling pathway and determined MACC1/SPINT1 panel as a valuable signature for the prediction of prognosis in patients for multiple solid cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bishan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Yao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu Q, Yin G, Luo J, Zhang Y, Ai T, Tian J, Jin Y, Lei J, Liu S. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of SPINT1/2 in Breast Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665666. [PMID: 34381422 PMCID: PMC8351597 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling plays a plethora of roles in tumorigenesis and progression in many cancer types. As HGF activator inhibitors, serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz types 1 and 2 (SPINT1 and SPINT2) have been reported to be differentially expressed in breast cancer, but their prognostic significance and functioning mechanism remain unclear. METHODS In our study, multiple databases and bioinformatics tools were used to investigate SPINT1/2 expression profiles, prognostic significance, genetic alteration, methylation, and regulatory network in breast carcinoma. RESULTS SPINT1/2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer, and was relatively higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and node positive patients. Elevated SPINT1/2 expression was significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis. Genetic alterations and SPINT1/2 hypomethylation were observed. In breast carcinoma, SPINT1/2 were reciprocally correlated and shared common co-expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that their common co-expressed genes were primarily involved in regulating cell attachment and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the expression profiles, prognostic significance and potential roles of SPINT1/2 in breast carcinoma. These study results showed that the SPINT1/2 were potential prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Ai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Chongqing Kangxin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudi Jin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengchun Liu,
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11
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Fuentes-Prior P. Priming of SARS-CoV-2 S protein by several membrane-bound serine proteinases could explain enhanced viral infectivity and systemic COVID-19 infection. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100135. [PMID: 33268377 PMCID: PMC7834812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.015980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already caused over a million deaths worldwide, and this death toll will be much higher before effective treatments and vaccines are available. The causative agent of the disease, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, shows important similarities with the previously emerged SARS-CoV-1, but also striking differences. First, SARS-CoV-2 possesses a significantly higher transmission rate and infectivity than SARS-CoV-1 and has infected in a few months over 60 million people. Moreover, COVID-19 has a systemic character, as in addition to the lungs, it also affects the heart, liver, and kidneys among other organs of the patients and causes frequent thrombotic and neurological complications. In fact, the term "viral sepsis" has been recently coined to describe the clinical observations. Here I review current structure-function information on the viral spike proteins and the membrane fusion process to provide plausible explanations for these observations. I hypothesize that several membrane-associated serine proteinases (MASPs), in synergy with or in place of TMPRSS2, contribute to activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Relative concentrations of the attachment receptor, ACE2, MASPs, their endogenous inhibitors (the Kunitz-type transmembrane inhibitors, HAI-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2, as well as major circulating serpins) would determine the infection rate of host cells. The exclusive or predominant expression of major MASPs in specific human organs suggests a direct role of these proteinases in e.g., heart infection and myocardial injury, liver dysfunction, kidney damage, as well as neurological complications. Thorough consideration of these factors could have a positive impact on the control of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute (IIB) Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Mukai S, Yamasaki K, Fujii M, Nagai T, Terada N, Kataoka H, Kamoto T. Dysregulation of Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases and Ligand-Dependent Activation of MET in Urological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082663. [PMID: 32290402 PMCID: PMC7215454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike in normal epithelium, dysregulated overactivation of various proteases have been reported in cancers. Degradation of pericancerous extracellular matrix leading to cancer cell invasion by matrix metalloproteases is well known evidence. On the other hand, several cell-surface proteases, including type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), also induce progression through activation of growth factors, protease activating receptors and other proteases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) known as a multifunctional growth factor that upregulates cancer cell motility, invasiveness, proliferative, and anti-apoptotic activities through phosphorylation of MET (a specific receptor of HGF). HGF secreted as inactive zymogen (pro-HGF) from cancer associated stromal fibroblasts, and the proteolytic activation by several TTSPs including matriptase and hepsin is required. The activation is strictly regulated by HGF activator inhibitors (HAIs) in physiological condition. However, downregulation is frequently observed in cancers. Indeed, overactivation of MET by upregulation of matriptase and hepsin accompanied by the downregulation of HAIs in urological cancers (prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer) are also reported, a phenomenon observed in cancer cells with malignant phenotype, and correlated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarized current reports focusing on TTSPs, HAIs, and MET signaling axis in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-85-2968
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.F.); (T.N.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
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13
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, a novel subgroup of serine proteases, the cell surface-anchored serine proteases, has emerged as an important component of the human degradome, and several members have garnered significant attention for their roles in cancer progression and metastasis. A large body of literature describes that cell surface-anchored serine proteases are deregulated in cancer and that they contribute to both tumor formation and metastasis through diverse molecular mechanisms. The loss of precise regulation of cell surface-anchored serine protease expression and/or catalytic activity may be contributing to the etiology of several cancer types. There is therefore a strong impetus to understand the events that lead to deregulation at the gene and protein levels, how these precipitate in various stages of tumorigenesis, and whether targeting of selected proteases can lead to novel cancer intervention strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about cell surface-anchored serine proteases and their role in cancer based on biochemical characterization, cell culture-based studies, expression studies, and in vivo experiments. Efforts to develop inhibitors to target cell surface-anchored serine proteases in cancer therapy will also be summarized.
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14
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Kamibeppu T, Yamasaki K, Nakahara K, Nagai T, Terada N, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Kamoto T. Caveolin-1 and -2 regulate cell motility in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:135-144. [PMID: 30324095 PMCID: PMC6174915 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav-2 are cell membrane proteins, which are structural proteins of caveolae and are reported to be positive regulators of cell survival and metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). In a previous study, we reported that elevated levels of Cav-1 and Cav-2 were significantly associated with PC progression. However, their functions in PC have not yet been clarified. In this study, we examined the function of Cav-1 and Cav-2 in PC cell invasiveness and motility. Materials and methods We introduced Cav-1- and Cav-2-specific small interfering into PC3 cells to knock-down (KD) both molecules. We also performed cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, migration assay, and invasion assay using PC3 cells and compared the results between Cav-1-KD, Cav-2-KD, and negative control PC3 cells. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT2 Profiler PCR Array analysis to identify factors influencing migration. Results We observed no significant difference in the proliferative and invasive activities of Cav-1-KD and Cav-2-KD PC3 cells; however, the cell motility was significantly decreased compared with negative control PC3 cells. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin was downregulated in Cav-1-KD PC3 cells. In addition, PCR array revealed a decreased expression of MGAT5, MMP13, and MYCL in Cav-1-KD PC3 and ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC in Cav-2-KD PC3. Conclusion Cav-1 and Cav-2 may positively contribute to the upregulation of castration-resistant PC cell migration. Cav-induced regulation of several molecules including vimentin, N-cadherin, MGAT5, MMP13, MYCL, ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC may have an important role in PC3 cell motility. However, further examination will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoharu Kamibeppu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Kozue Nakahara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Hiromasa Tsukino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
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15
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Matsushita T, Sakai M, Yoshida H, Morita S, Hieda Y, Sakai T. Grhl2 regulation of SPINT1 expression controls salivary gland development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:263-269. [PMID: 30193734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the salivary gland is characterized by extensive branching morphogenesis and lumen formation, the latter of which is closely associated with differentiation into acinar and ductal cells. Although various molecules, including signaling and cell adhesion molecules, have been implicated in salivary gland development, transcription factors (TFs) regulating the expression of those molecules and morphological development of the gland are largely unknown. Here we show that knockdown of the epithelial TF, Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2), with siRNA in developing mouse submandibular salivary gland (SMG) cultured ex vivo resulted in retardation of epithelial development. This retardation was concomitant with suppression of gene expression for the cell adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin and the extracellular protease inhibitor SPINT1, and with the disorganized deposition of the basal lamina protein laminin. ChIP-PCR demonstrated the binding of Grhl2 protein to the Spint1 gene in the SMG. Notably, addition of recombinant SPINT1 protein in cultured SMG overcame the suppressive effects of Grhl2 siRNA on epithelial development and laminin deposition. These findings show that Grhl2 regulation of SPINT1 expression controls salivary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsushita
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Hanazono-cho, Kuzuha, Hirakata-city, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan; Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoshida
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Hanazono-cho, Kuzuha, Hirakata-city, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Shousuke Morita
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Hanazono-cho, Kuzuha, Hirakata-city, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yohki Hieda
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Hanazono-cho, Kuzuha, Hirakata-city, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan; Basic Cultural Education Research Center, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, 888 Tomino, Tamana-city, Kumamoto, 865-0062, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. Membrane-Anchored Serine Proteases: Host Cell Factors in Proteolytic Activation of Viral Glycoproteins. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over one third of all known proteolytic enzymes are serine proteases. Among these, the trypsin-like serine proteases comprise one of the best characterized subfamilies due to their essential roles in blood coagulation, food digestion, fibrinolysis, or immunity. Trypsin-like serine proteases possess primary substrate specificity for basic amino acids. Most of the well-characterized trypsin-like proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, or urokinase are soluble proteases that are secreted into the extracellular environment. At the turn of the millennium, a number of novel trypsin-like serine proteases have been identified that are anchored in the cell membrane, either by a transmembrane domain at the N- or C-terminus or via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Meanwhile more than 20 membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs) have been identified in human and mouse, and some of them have emerged as key regulators of mammalian development and homeostasis. Thus, the MASP corin and TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 have been demonstrated to be the activators of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and key regulator of hepcidin expression, respectively. Furthermore, MASPs have been recognized as host cell factors activating respiratory viruses including influenza virus as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. In particular, transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2 (TMPRSS2) has been shown to be essential for proteolytic activation and consequently spread and pathogenesis of a number of influenza A viruses in mice and as a factor associated with severe influenza virus infection in humans. This review gives an overview on the physiological functions of the fascinating and rapidly evolving group of MASPs and a summary of the current knowledge on their role in proteolytic activation of viral fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Dieter Klenk
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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17
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Kataoka H, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Shimomura T. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors (HAI-1 and HAI-2): Emerging key players in epithelial integrity and cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:145-158. [PMID: 29431273 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth, survival, and metabolic activities of multicellular organisms at the cellular level are regulated by intracellular signaling, systemic homeostasis and the pericellular microenvironment. Pericellular proteolysis has a crucial role in processing bioactive molecules in the microenvironment and thereby has profound effects on cellular functions. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) and HAI-2 are type I transmembrane serine protease inhibitors expressed by most epithelial cells. They regulate the pericellular activities of circulating hepatocyte growth factor activator and cellular type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), proteases required for the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF). Activated HGF/SF transduces pleiotropic signals through its receptor tyrosine kinase, MET (coded by the proto-oncogene MET), which are necessary for cellular migration, survival, growth and triggering stem cells for accelerated healing. HAI-1 and HAI-2 are also required for normal epithelial functions through regulation of TTSP-mediated activation of other proteases and protease-activated receptor 2, and also through suppressing excess degradation of epithelial junctional proteins. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the mechanism of pericellular HGF/SF activation and highlights emerging roles of HAIs in epithelial development and integrity, as well as tumorigenesis and progression of transformed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
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18
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Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-2 (HAI-2)/ SPINT2 contributes to invasive growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11691-11706. [PMID: 29545930 PMCID: PMC5837738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2 are membrane-anchored protease inhibitors having homologous Kunitz-type inhibitor domains. They regulate membrane-anchored serine proteases, such as matriptase and prostasin. Whereas HAI-1 suppresses the neoplastic progression of keratinocytes to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through matriptase inhibition, the role of HAI-2 in keratinocytes is poorly understood. In vitro homozygous knockout of the SPINT2 gene suppressed the proliferation of two oral SCC (OSCC) lines (SAS and HSC3) but not the growth of a non-tumorigenic keratinocyte line (HaCaT). Reversion of HAI-2 abrogated the growth suppression. Matrigel invasion of both OSCC lines was also suppressed by the loss of HAI-2. The levels of prostasin protein were markedly increased in HAI-2-deficient cells, and knockdown of prostasin alleviated the HAI-2 loss-induced suppression of OSCC cell invasion. Therefore, HAI-2 has a pro-invasive role in OSCC cells through suppression of prostasin. In surgically resected OSCC tissues, HAI-2 immunoreactivity increased along with neoplastic progression, showing intense immunoreactivities in invasive OSCC cells. In summary, HAI-2 is required for invasive growth of OSCC cells and may contribute to OSCC progression.
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19
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Kim S, Yang JW, Kim C, Kim MG. Impact of suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (ST14)/serine protease 14 (Prss14) expression analysis on the prognosis and management of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34643-63. [PMID: 27167193 PMCID: PMC5085182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the role of a type II transmembrane serine protease, ST14/Prss14, during breast cancer progression, we utilized publically accessible databases including TCGA, GEO, NCI-60, and CCLE. Survival of breast cancer patients with high ST14/Prss14 expression is significantly poor in estrogen receptor (ER) negative populations regardless of the ratios of ST14/Prss14 to its inhibitors, SPINT1 or SPINT2. In a clustering of 1085 selected EMT signature genes, ST14/Prss14 is located in the same cluster with CDH3, and closer to post-EMT markers, CDH2, VIM, and FN1 than to the pre-EMT marker, CDH1. Coexpression analyses of known ST14/Prss14 substrates and transcription factors revealed context dependent action. In cell lines, paradoxically, ST14/Prss14 expression is higher in the ER positive group and located closer to CDH1 in clustering. This apparent contradiction is not likely due to ST14/Prss14 expression in a cancer microenvironment, nor due to negative regulation by ER. Genes consistently coexpressed with ST14/Prss14 include transcription factors, ELF5, GRHL1, VGLL1, suggesting currently unknown mechanisms for regulation. Here, we report that ST14/Prss14 is an emerging therapeutic target for breast cancer where HER2 is not applicable. In addition we suggest that careful conclusions should be drawn not exclusively from the cell line studies for target development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauryang Kim
- Inha University, Department of Biological Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Yang
- Inha University, Department of Biological Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gyo Kim
- Inha University, Department of Biological Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Convergent Research Institute for Metabolism and Immunoregulation, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Sakugawa C, Haruyama Y, Tanaka H, Fukushima T, Kawaguchi M, Kataoka H. Prognostic significance of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) immunoreactivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:674. [PMID: 29202869 PMCID: PMC5715503 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor that is expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Evidence has suggested that decreased cell surface HAI-1 in carcinoma cells results in enhanced invasiveness. However, little is known regarding the expression of HAI-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to analyze HAI-1 expression in PDAC and its impact on patient prognosis. Results HAI-1 immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from 67 PDAC cases. HAI-1 expression was increased in intraepithelial neoplasia compared to the adjacent non-neoplastic ductal epithelium. Of the 67 samples tested, 58% (39/67) of PDAC cases showed diffuse (> 75%) immunoreactivity in PDAC cells. The remaining cases showed reduced HAI-1 immunoreactivity in a substantial number of cancer cells. Although there was no correlation between HAI-1 status and tumor size, histologic grade or lymph node metastasis, diffuse HAI-1 positive cases showed longer disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.006, log-rank test). In conclusion, HAI-1 is upregulated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and broadly expressed in PDAC cells. However, PDAC cases having areas of reduced HAI-1 immunoreactivity may show shorter DFS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3014-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Sakugawa
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Haruyama
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
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21
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Ciribilli Y, Borlak J. Oncogenomics of c-Myc transgenic mice reveal novel regulators of extracellular signaling, angiogenesis and invasion with clinical significance for human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101808-101831. [PMID: 29254206 PMCID: PMC5731916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Myc transcription factor is frequently deregulated in cancers. To search for disease diagnostic and druggable targets a transgenic lung cancer disease model was investigated. Oncogenomics identified c-Myc target genes in lung tumors. These were validated by RT-PCR, Western Blotting, EMSA assays and ChIP-seq data retrieved from public sources. Gene reporter and ChIP assays verified functional importance of c-Myc binding sites. The clinical significance was established by RT-qPCR in tumor and matched healthy control tissues, by RNA-seq data retrieved from the TCGA Consortium and by immunohistochemistry recovered from the Human Protein Atlas repository. In transgenic lung tumors 25 novel candidate genes were identified. These code for growth factors, Wnt/β-catenin and inhibitors of death receptors signaling, adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics, invasion and angiogenesis. For 10 proteins over-expression was confirmed by IHC thus demonstrating their druggability. Moreover, c-Myc over-expression caused complete gene silencing of 12 candidate genes, including Bmp6, Fbln1 and Ptprb to influence lung morphogenesis, invasiveness and cell signaling events. Conversely, among the 75 repressed genes TNFα and TGF-β pathways as well as negative regulators of IGF1 and MAPK signaling were affected. Additionally, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling and growth suppressive functions were repressed. For 15 candidate genes c-Myc-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional responses in human lung cancer samples were confirmed. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival statistics revealed clinical significance for 59 out of 100 candidate genes, thus confirming their prognostic value. In conclusion, previously unknown c-Myc target genes in lung cancer were identified to enable the development of mechanism-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Ciribilli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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22
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Ishikawa T, Kimura Y, Hirano H, Higashi S. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 induces homotypic tumor cell aggregation via proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound Kunitz-type inhibitor HAI-1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20769-20784. [PMID: 29046355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.796789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) plays important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that MMP-7 binds to colon cancer cells via cell surface-bound cholesterol sulfate and induces significant cell aggregation by cleaving cell-surface protein(s). These aggregated cells exhibit a dramatically enhanced metastatic potential. However, the molecular mechanism inducing this cell-cell adhesion through the proteolytic action of MMP-7 remained to be clarified. Here, we explored MMP-7 substrates on the cell surface; the proteins on the cell surface were first biotinylated, and a labeled protein fragment specifically released from the cells after MMP-7 treatment was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. We found that hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1), a membrane-bound Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, is an MMP-7 substrate. We also found that the cell-bound MMP-7 cleaves HAI-1 mainly between Gly451 and Leu452 and thereby releases the extracellular region as soluble HAI-1 (sHAI-1). We further demonstrated that this sHAI-1 can induce cancer cell aggregation and determined that the HAI-1 region corresponding to amino acids 141-249, which does not include the serine protease inhibitor domain, has the cell aggregation-inducing activity. Interestingly, a cell-surface cholesterol sulfate-independent proteolytic action of MMP-7 is critical for the sHAI-1-mediated induction of cell aggregation, whereas cholesterol sulfate is needed for the MMP-7-catalyzed generation of sHAI-1. Considering that MMP-7-induced cancer cell aggregation is an important mechanism in cancer metastasis, we propose that sHAI-1 is an essential component of MMP-7-induced stimulation of cancer metastasis and may therefore represent a suitable target for antimetastatic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishikawa
- From the Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 and
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- the Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- the Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shouichi Higashi
- From the Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027 and
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23
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Liu Y, Liu G, Liu Q, Tan J, Hu X, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang X. The cellular character of liquefaction degeneration in oral lichen planus and the role of interferon gamma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:1015-1022. [PMID: 28556960 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease of unknown etiology, and liquefaction degeneration in the basal keratinocytes is one of the specific histological changes. However, the understanding of liquefaction degeneration is still very limited, and how does it affect the prognosis of LP is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clarify the intrinsic change behind the liquefaction degeneration in lichen planus and to evaluate the effect of the OLP-typical cytokine, IFN-γ, on these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsies were collected from patients with OLP; immunochemistry staining was performed to analyze E-cadherin, vimentin, CK19, β1 integrin, nestin, STAT1, and STAT3 expression. Primary oral epithelial cells were cultured in vitro, and 20 ng/mL IFN-γ was applied to assay the effect on epithelial cells. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was decreased but vimentin expression was increased in the OLP epithelial cells that undergo liquefaction degeneration, showing the typical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) alteration. In vitro research showed that the OLP-typical cytokine, IFN-γ, possesses EMT-inducing ability, and the primary oral epithelial cells stimulated by IFN-γ acquired some properties of cancer stem cells, expressing more β1 integrin, α6 integrin, and nestin. In addition, the major downstream mediator of IFN-γ receptor, STAT1, was expressed more intensive and extensive with the malignant transition of OLP. CONCLUSION Liquefaction degeneration in oral lichen planus is an EMT phenomenon, the IFN-γ may be the main inducer, and IFN-γ signaling might be implicated in malignant transition of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral pathology, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial surgery, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Maxillofacial surgery, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Oral medicine, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Periodontology, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Periodontology, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Periodontology, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Department of Periodontology, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Oral medicine, the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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24
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Ning T, Zhang H, Wang X, Li S, Zhang L, Deng T, Zhou L, Wang X, Liu R, Bai M, Ge S, Li H, Huang D, Ying G, Ba Y. miR-221 and miR-222 synergistically regulate hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 to promote cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701636. [PMID: 28618968 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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25
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Liu M, Yuan C, Jiang Y, Jiang L, Huang M. Recombinant hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1: expression in Drosophila S2 cells, purification and crystallization. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 73:45-50. [PMID: 28045393 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1) is a multi-domain membrane-associated protease inhibitor that potently inhibits a variety of serine proteases such as hepatocyte growth factor activator and matriptase. Different truncates of HAI-1 show varying potencies for inhibition of target proteases, suggesting that the domain organization of HAI-1 plays a critical role in its function. Here, the soluble full-length extracellular part of HAI-1 (sHAI-1) was expressed using the Drosophila S2 insect-cell expression system. Diffraction-quality crystals of sHAI-1 were produced using ammonium sulfate as precipitant. The crystal diffracted to 3.8 Å resolution and belonged to space group P41212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 95.42, c = 124.50 Å. The asymmetric unit contains one sHAI-1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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26
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Matriptase promotes inflammatory cell accumulation and progression of established epidermal tumors. Oncogene 2014; 34:4664-72. [PMID: 25486433 PMCID: PMC4459940 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of matriptase is a consistent feature of human epithelial cancers and correlates with poor disease outcome. We have previously shown that matriptase promotes multi-stage squamous cell carcinogenesis in transgenic mice through dual activation of pro-hepatocyte growth factor-cMet-Akt-mTor proliferation/survival signaling and PAR-2-Gαi-NFκB inflammatory signaling. Matriptase was congenitally and constitutively deregulated in our prior studies, and therefore it was unclear if aberrant matriptase signaling supports only initiation of tumor formation or if it is also critical for the progression of established tumors. To determine this, we here have generated triple-transgenic mice with constitutive deregulation of matriptase and simultaneous inducible expression of the cognate matriptase inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor inhibitor (HAI)-2. As expected, constitutive expression of HAI-2 suppressed the formation of matriptase-dependent tumors in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated mouse skin. Interestingly, however, the induction of HAI-2 expression in already established tumors markedly impaired malignant progression and caused regression of individual tumors. Tumor regression correlated with reduced accumulation of tumor-associated inflammatory cells, likely caused by diminished expression of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cytokines. The data suggest that matriptase-dependent signaling may be a therapeutic target for both squamous cell carcinoma chemoprevention and for the treatment of established tumors.
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27
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Lin SH, Wang J, Saintigny P, Wu CC, Giri U, Zhang J, Menju T, Diao L, Byers L, Weinstein JN, Coombes KR, Girard L, Komaki R, Wistuba II, Date H, Minna JD, Heymach JV. Genes suppressed by DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer reveal the epigenetics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1079. [PMID: 25486910 PMCID: PMC4298954 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is associated with aberrant gene expression in cancer, and has been shown to correlate with therapeutic response and disease prognosis in some types of cancer. We sought to investigate the biological significance of DNA methylation in lung cancer. Results We integrated the gene expression profiles and data of gene promoter methylation for a large panel of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and identified 578 candidate genes with expression levels that were inversely correlated to the degree of DNA methylation. We found these candidate genes to be differentially methylated in normal lung tissue versus non-small cell lung cancer tumors, and segregated by histologic and tumor subtypes. We used gene set enrichment analysis of the genes ranked by the degree of correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation to identify gene sets involved in cellular migration and metastasis. Our unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the candidate genes segregated cell lines according to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype. Genes related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as AXL, ESRP1, HoxB4, and SPINT1/2, were among the nearly 20% of the candidate genes that were differentially methylated between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Greater numbers of genes were methylated in the mesenchymal cells and their expressions were upregulated by 5-azacytidine treatment. Methylation of the candidate genes was associated with erlotinib resistance in wild-type EGFR cell lines. The expression profiles of the candidate genes were associated with 8-week disease control in patients with wild-type EGFR who had unresectable non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib, but not in patients treated with sorafenib. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the underlying biology of genes regulated by DNA methylation may have predictive value in lung cancer that can be exploited therapeutically. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1079) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,, Unit 097, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Durinck S, Stawiski EW, Pavía-Jiménez A, Modrusan Z, Kapur P, Jaiswal BS, Zhang N, Toffessi-Tcheuyap V, Nguyen TT, Pahuja KB, Chen YJ, Saleem S, Chaudhuri S, Heldens S, Jackson M, Peña-Llopis S, Guillory J, Toy K, Ha C, Harris CJ, Holloman E, Hill HM, Stinson J, Rivers CS, Janakiraman V, Wang W, Kinch LN, Grishin NV, Haverty PM, Chow B, Gehring JS, Reeder J, Pau G, Wu TD, Margulis V, Lotan Y, Sagalowsky A, Pedrosa I, de Sauvage FJ, Brugarolas J, Seshagiri S. Spectrum of diverse genomic alterations define non-clear cell renal carcinoma subtypes. Nat Genet 2014; 47:13-21. [PMID: 25401301 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To further understand the molecular distinctions between kidney cancer subtypes, we analyzed exome, transcriptome and copy number alteration data from 167 primary human tumors that included renal oncocytomas and non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs), consisting of papillary (pRCC), chromophobe (chRCC) and translocation (tRCC) subtypes. We identified ten significantly mutated genes in pRCC, including MET, NF2, SLC5A3, PNKD and CPQ. MET mutations occurred in 15% (10/65) of pRCC samples and included previously unreported recurrent activating mutations. In chRCC, we found TP53, PTEN, FAAH2, PDHB, PDXDC1 and ZNF765 to be significantly mutated. Gene expression analysis identified a five-gene set that enabled the molecular classification of chRCC, renal oncocytoma and pRCC. Using RNA sequencing, we identified previously unreported gene fusions, including ACTG1-MITF fusion. Ectopic expression of the ACTG1-MITF fusion led to cellular transformation and induced the expression of downstream target genes. Finally, we observed upregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor BIRC7 in MiTF-high RCC tumors, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for BIRC7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Durinck
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric W Stawiski
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea Pavía-Jiménez
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bijay S Jaiswal
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vanina Toffessi-Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kanika Bajaj Pahuja
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Jiun Chen
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Subhra Chaudhuri
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sherry Heldens
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marlena Jackson
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Guillory
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karen Toy
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Corissa J Harris
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eboni Holloman
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Haley M Hill
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy Stinson
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Weiru Wang
- Structural Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bernard Chow
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julian S Gehring
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jens Reeder
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregoire Pau
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas D Wu
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur Sagalowsky
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Molecular Oncology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Zheng Q, Wu H, Cao J, Ye J. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type‑1 in cancer: advances and perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2779-85. [PMID: 25310042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Large‑scale efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, particularly in the advanced stages, in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1), also known as serine protease inhibitor Kunitz type 1, inhibits the activity of several trypsin-like serine proteases. In particular, HAI-1 suppresses hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator and matriptase, resulting in subsequent inhibition of HGF/scatter factor and macrophage‑stimulating protein (MSP). HGF and MSP are involved in cancer development and progression, via the receptors Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Ron RTK, respectively. Therefore, HAI-1-mediated downregulation of HGF and MSP signaling may suppress tumorigenesis and progression in certain types of cancers. Abnormal HAI-1 expression levels have been observed in various types of human cancer. The exact function of HAI-1 in cancer pathogenesis, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this review, the focus is on the potential impact of aberrant HAI-1 expression levels on tumorigenesis and progression, the underlying mechanisms, and areas that require further investigation to clarify the precise role of HAI-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Mechanisms of hepatocyte growth factor activation in cancer tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1890-904. [PMID: 25268161 PMCID: PMC4276949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6041890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) plays critical roles in cancer progression through its specific receptor, MET. HGF/SF is usually synthesized and secreted as an inactive proform (pro-HGF/SF) by stromal cells, such as fibroblasts. Several serine proteases are reported to convert pro-HGF/SF to mature HGF/SF and among these, HGF activator (HGFA) and matriptase are the most potent activators. Increased activities of both proteases have been observed in various cancers. HGFA is synthesized mainly by the liver and secreted as an inactive pro-form. In cancer tissues, pro-HGFA is likely activated by thrombin and/or human kallikrein 1-related peptidase (KLK)-4 and KLK-5. Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is expressed by most epithelial cells and is also synthesized as an inactive zymogen. Matriptase activation is likely to be mediated by autoactivation or by other trypsin-like proteases. Recent studies revealed that matriptase autoactivation is promoted by an acidic environment. Given the mildly acidic extracellular environment of solid tumors, matriptase activation may, thus, be accelerated in the tumor microenvironment. HGFA and matriptase activities are regulated by HGFA inhibitor (HAI)-1 (HAI-1) and/or HAI-2 in the pericellular microenvironment. HAIs may have an important role in cancer cell biology by regulating HGF/SF-activating proteases.
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Kim S, Lee JW. Membrane Proteins Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Invasion: Studies on TMPRSS4 and TM4SF5. Genomics Inform 2014; 12:12-20. [PMID: 24748857 PMCID: PMC3990761 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2014.12.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one mechanism by which cells with mesenchymal features can be generated and is a fundamental event in morphogenesis. Recently, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor are now thought to be initiated by the developmental process termed the EMT, whereby epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell interactions, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes with increased migratory and invasive properties. The EMT is believed to be an important step in metastasis and is implicated in cancer progression, although the influence of the EMT in clinical specimens has been debated. This review presents the recent results of two cell surface proteins, the functions and underlying mechanisms of which have recently begun to be demonstrated, as novel regulators of the molecular networks that induce the EMT and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Song Y, Gong K, Yan H, Hong W, Wang L, Wu Y, Li W, Li W, Cao Z. Sj7170, a unique dual-function peptide with a specific α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and a potent tumor-activating effect from scorpion venom. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11667-11680. [PMID: 24584937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new peptide precursor, termed Sj7170, was characterized from the venomous gland cDNA library of the scorpion Scorpiops jendeki. Sj7170 was deduced to be a 62-amino acid peptide cross-linked by five disulfide bridges. The recombinant Sj7170 peptide (rSj7170) with chromatographic purity was produced by a prokaryotic expression system. Enzyme inhibition assay in vitro and in vivo showed that rSj7170 specifically inhibited the activity of α-chymotrypsin at micromole concentrations. In addition, Sj7170 not only promoted cell proliferation and colony formation by up-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 in vitro but also enhanced tumor growth in nude mice. Finally, Sj7170 accelerated cellular migration and invasion by increasing the expression of the transcription factor Snail and then inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Sj7170 changed cell morphology and cytoskeleton of U87 cells by the GTPase pathway. Taken together, Sj7170 is a unique dual-function peptide, i.e. a specific α-chymotrypsin inhibitor and a potent tumorigenesis/metastasis activator. Our work not only opens an avenue of developing new modulators of tumorigenesis/metastasis from serine protease inhibitors but also strengthens the functional link between protease inhibitors and tumor activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ke Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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Cheng MF, Huang MS, Lin CS, Lin LH, Lee HS, Jiang JC, Hsia KT. Expression of matriptase correlates with tumour progression and clinical prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2014; 65:24-34. [PMID: 24382204 DOI: 10.1111/his.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship of matriptase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to clinicopathological characteristics, patient survival and cell-invasive properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Matriptase expression in OSCC was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, and its relationship to clinicopathological features and outcomes was assessed statistically. The shRNA-mediated stable knockdown of matriptase in OSCC cells was used to analyse cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Matriptase immunostaining score was correlated with histopathological grade, clinical stage, positive lymph node and distant metastasis, and higher matriptase immunostaining score was associated significantly with poor prognosis. Elevated matriptase expression in oral cancer cell lines was a significant promoter of oral cancer cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Matriptase expression correlates with tumour progression and invasive capability in OSCC and may be an adverse prognostic marker for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Cheng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Histological and Clinical Pathology, Hualien Armed Forced General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wu XY, Zhang L, Zhang KM, Zhang MH, Ruan TY, Liu CY, Xu JY. Clinical implication of TMPRSS4 expression in human gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5481-6. [PMID: 24532432 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of transmembrane protease/serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is observed in various types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of TMPRSS4 expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains largely unknown. The present study aims to explore the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of TMPRSS4 in GBC. The levels of TMPRSS4 mRNA and protein in GBC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the correlations between TMPRSS4 and the clinicopathological features of GBC, the expression of TMPRSS4 in 97 patients with GBC were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of TMPRSS4 expression with patients' survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Our results showed that the expression levels of TMPRSS4 mRNA and protein in GBC tissues were both significantly higher than those in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that high TMPRSS4 expression was closely correlated with tumor size (P=0.032), histological grade (P=0.002), pathologic T stage (P=0.005), clinical stage (P=0.013), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.003). Moreover, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a high expression level of TMPRSS4 resulted in a significantly poor prognosis of GBC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the status of TMPRSS4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for GBC patients. Our results showed that TMPRSS4 plays a key role in GBC and therefore may provide an opportunity for developing a novel therapeutic target as well as a prognostic marker in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ye J, Kawaguchi M, Haruyama Y, Kanemaru A, Fukushima T, Yamamoto K, Lin CY, Kataoka H. Loss of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 participates in metastatic spreading of human pancreatic cancer cells in a mouse orthotopic transplantation model. Cancer Sci 2013; 105:44-51. [PMID: 24147538 PMCID: PMC4317873 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor that is expressed on the surface of epithelial and carcinoma cells. On the cell surface, HAI-1 regulates membrane-anchored serine proteases, with matriptase being the most critical target. Matriptase is involved in pericellular processing of biologically active molecules, including protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Previously we reported that S2-CP8 cells, a metastatic variant of the SUIT-2 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, showed markedly decreased HAI-1 expression. To assess the significance of HAI-1 loss in invasion and spontaneous metastasis of S2-CP8 cells, we established stable S2-CP8 sublines that expressed HAI-1 under the control of a tetracycline-regulated promoter. In vitro migration and invasion assays revealed inhibitory effects of HAI-1 on S2-CP8 cell migration and invasion. Matriptase activity was suppressed by the expression of HAI-1. As the enhanced invasiveness in the absence of HAI-1 was alleviated by knockdown of matriptase by 81% and of PAR-2 completely, and PAR-2 antagonist also suppressed the invasion, matriptase-mediated PAR-2 activation is involved in HAI-1 loss-induced invasion of S2-CP8 cells. We then analyzed the effect of HAI-1 expression on metastasis of S2-CP8 cells in vivo using a nude mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Although approximately 50% of the control mice developed distant metastasis, mice treated with doxycycline to induce HAI-1 expression did not develop metastasis. These data indicate that HAI-1 loss contributes to invasion and dissemination of a highly metastatic subline of SUIT-2, suggesting crucial roles for the balance of pericellular serine proteases/inhibitors in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Ye
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Clinical Research Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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An EMT spectrum defines an anoikis-resistant and spheroidogenic intermediate mesenchymal state that is sensitive to e-cadherin restoration by a src-kinase inhibitor, saracatinib (AZD0530). Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e915. [PMID: 24201814 PMCID: PMC3847320 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic transformation of well-differentiated epithelial carcinoma into a mesenchymal-like state provides cancer cells with the ability to disseminate locally and to metastasise. Different degrees of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been found to occur in carcinomas from breast, colon and ovarian carcinoma (OC), among others. Numerous studies have focused on bona fide epithelial and mesenchymal states but rarely on intermediate states. In this study, we describe a model system for appraising the spectrum of EMT using 43 well-characterised OC cell lines. Phenotypic EMT characterisation reveals four subgroups: Epithelial, Intermediate E, Intermediate M and Mesenchymal, which represent different epithelial-mesenchymal compositions along the EMT spectrum. In cell-based EMT-related functional studies, OC cells harbouring an Intermediate M phenotype are characterised by high N-cadherin and ZEB1 expression and low E-cadherin and ERBB3/HER3 expression and are more anoikis-resistant and spheroidogenic. A specific Src-kinase inhibitor, Saracatinib (AZD0530), restores E-cadherin expression in Intermediate M cells in in vitro and in vivo models and abrogates spheroidogenesis. We show how a 33-gene EMT Signature can sub-classify an OC cohort into four EMT States correlating with progression-free survival (PFS). We conclude that the characterisation of intermediate EMT states provides a new approach to better define EMT. The concept of the EMT Spectrum allows the utilisation of EMT genes as predictive markers and the design and application of therapeutic targets for reversing EMT in a selective subgroup of patients.
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Huang A, Zhou H, Zhao H, Quan Y, Feng B, Zheng M. High expression level of TMPRSS4 predicts adverse outcomes of colorectal cancer patients. Med Oncol 2013; 30:712. [PMID: 24072509 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease/serine 4 (TMPRSS4), a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family, is highly expressed in some human cancers and involved in the EMT regulation of cancer cells. The prognostic value of TMPRSS4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been discussed. This study aims to evaluate the association between TMPRSS4 expressions and survival in CRC patients. Immunohistochemistry revealed high expression of TMPRSS4 in 69/122 CRC samples, compared with 14/47 in normal tissues (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed high expression of TMPRSS4 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.011), pT (P = 0.019), pN (P = 0.035), and pM status (P = 0.004). Higher TMPRSS4 predicted shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients (P < 0.01, both). Moreover, both TMPRSS4 expression and TNM stage were independent predictive factors of OS and DFS in Cox regression analysis. The findings in our study demonstrated the potential value of TMPRSS4 expression level as a prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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Hagerstrand D, Tong A, Schumacher SE, Ilic N, Shen RR, Cheung HW, Vazquez F, Shrestha Y, Kim SY, Giacomelli AO, Rosenbluh J, Schinzel AC, Spardy NA, Barbie DA, Mermel CH, Weir BA, Garraway LA, Tamayo P, Mesirov JP, Beroukhim R, Hahn WC. Systematic interrogation of 3q26 identifies TLOC1 and SKIL as cancer drivers. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1044-57. [PMID: 23764425 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 3q26 is frequently amplified in several cancer types with a common amplified region containing 20 genes. To identify cancer driver genes in this region, we interrogated the function of each of these genes by loss- and gain-of-function genetic screens. Specifically, we found that TLOC1 (SEC62) was selectively required for the proliferation of cell lines with 3q26 amplification. Increased TLOC1 expression induced anchorage-independent growth, and a second 3q26 gene, SKIL (SNON), facilitated cell invasion in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Expression of both TLOC1 and SKIL induced subcutaneous tumor growth. Proteomic studies showed that TLOC1 binds to DDX3X, which is essential for TLOC1-induced transformation and affected protein translation. SKIL induced invasion through upregulation of SLUG (SNAI2) expression. Together, these studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes at 3q26 and more broadly suggest that cooperating genes may be coamplified in other regions with somatic copy number gain. SIGNIFICANCE These studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes in 3q26. These observations provide evidence that regions of somatic copy number gain may harbor cooperating genes of different but complementary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hagerstrand
- 1Departments of Medical Oncology and 2Cancer Biology; 3Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;4Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; 5Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 6Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Yang X, Wang YP, Liu FX, Zeng K, Qian MQ, Chen G, Shi L, Zhu GX. Increased invasiveness of osteosarcoma mesenchymal stem cells induced by bone-morphogenetic protein-2. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:270-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hoshiko S, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Haruyama Y, Yorita K, Tanaka H, Seiki M, Inatsu H, Kitamura K, Kataoka H. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 is a suppressor of intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2659-70. [PMID: 23447577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1/SPINT1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Although HAI-1/SPINT1 is abundantly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, its role in intestinal tumorigenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of Hai-1/Spint1 in intestinal tumorigenesis using mouse models. The membranous Hai-1/Spint1 immunoreactivity was decreased in murine Apc(Min/+) tumors and also in carcinogen (azoxymethane treatment followed by dextran sodium sulfate administration)-induced colon tumors compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium. The decreased immunoreactivity appeared to be due to sheddase activity of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease. Then, we examined the effect of intestine-specific deletion of Spint1 gene on Apc(Min/+) mice. The loss of Hai-1/Spint1 significantly accelerated tumor formation in Apc(Min/+) mice and shortened their survival periods. Activation of HGF was enhanced in Hai-1/Spint1-deficient Apc(Min/+) intestine. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling circuit, claudin-2 expression, and angiogenesis not only in tumor tissue but also in the background mucosa without macroscopic tumors in Hai-1/Spint1-deficient Apc(Min/+) intestine. Intestinal deletion of Spint1 also enhanced the susceptibility to carcinogen-induced colon tumorigenicity of wild-type Apc mice. Our findings suggest that HAI-1/SPINT1 has a crucial role in suppressing intestinal tumorigenesis, which implies a novel link between epithelial cell surface serine protease inhibitors and protection from carcinogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinri Hoshiko
- Authors' Affiliations: Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Section of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki; and Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lekva T, Berg JP, Fougner SL, Olstad OK, Ueland T, Bollerslev J. Gene expression profiling identifies ESRP1 as a potential regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition in somatotroph adenomas from a large cohort of patients with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1506-14. [PMID: 22585092 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The epithelial marker E-cadherin plays a crucial role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Decreased protein content in somatotroph adenomas has been associated with increased tumor size, invasion, and poor response to somatostatin analog (SA) treatment, but the potential mechanisms of EMT progression in these adenomas are lacking. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that characterization of EMT-related transcripts in somatotroph adenomas could identify novel therapeutic targets in individuals with poor response to SA treatment and provide more knowledge of the mechanism of EMT progression. PATIENTS Fifty-three patients with acromegaly participated in the study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed microarray analysis of 16 adenomas, eight with high expression and eight with low expression of E-cadherin, in order to identify EMT-related transcripts. Candidate transcripts were further explored in vivo in 53 adenomas and in vitro in a rat pituitary GH-producing cell (GH3) after exploring three models for reducing E-cadherin and inducing a mesenchymal phenotype. RESULTS In vivo E-cadherin mRNA expression in tumor tissue is associated negatively with tumor size and invasiveness and positively with GH and IGF-I levels in serum and response to SA treatment. Microarray and subsequent PCR analysis identify several EMT-related genes associated with E-cadherin expression. In vitro, few of these EMT-related genes were regulated by silencing E-cadherin or by TGF-β1 treatment in GH3 cells. In contrast, silencing Esrp1 in GH3 cells regulated many of the EMT-related transcripts. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ESRP1 could be a master regulator of the EMT process in pituitary adenomas causing acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Lekva
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, and Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Nakamura K, Kodama J, Hongo A, Hiramatsu Y. Role of emmprin in endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:191. [PMID: 22640183 PMCID: PMC3538063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (Emmprin/CD147) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Enriched on the surface of many tumor cells, emmprin promotes tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. We evaluated the clinical importance of emmprin and investigated its role in endometrial cancer. Methods Emmprin expression was examined in uterine normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the biological functions and inhibitory effects of an emmprin knockdown were investigated in HEC-50B and KLE endometrial cancer cell lines. Results The levels of emmprin expression were significantly increased in the endometrial cancer specimens compared with the normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia specimens (p < 0.05). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of patients with high emmprin expression were significantly higher than those of patients with low emmprin expression (DFS: p < 0.001; OS: p < 0.001). Emmprin knockdown by the siRNA led to cell proliferation, migration and invasion through TGF-β, EGF, NF-κB, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, which in turn resulted in increased levels of E-cadherin and reduced levels of Vimentin and Snail in endometrial cancer. Conclusions The present findings suggest that low emmprin expression might be a predictor of favorable prognosis in endometrial cancer patients, and that emmprin may represent a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Baba T, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Sato Y, Orikawa H, Yorita K, Tanaka H, Lin CY, Sakoda S, Kataoka H. Loss of membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor HAI-1 induces oral squamous cell carcinoma cells' invasiveness. J Pathol 2012; 228:181-92. [PMID: 22262311 DOI: 10.1002/path.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A loss of balance between cell membrane-associated proteases and their inhibitors may underlie cancer invasion and metastasis. We analysed the roles of a membrane- associated serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). While membranous HAI-1 was widely observed in cancer cells of human OSCC tissues, this was significantly reduced at the infiltrative invasion front. In vitro, HAI-1 was detected in all eight OSCC cell lines examined, in which its cognate membrane protease, matriptase was also expressed. HAI-1 expression knock-down (KD) in OSCC lines, SAS and HSC-3, reduced the growth of both lines in vitro but significantly enhanced SAS tumourigenicity in vivo, which was accompanied by histological changes suggestive of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Both HAI-1-KD lines also exhibited significantly enhanced migratory capability, and membrane-associated but not truncated HAI-1 was required to rescue this phenotype. Other OSCC lines (HSC-2, Sa3, Ca9-22) also showed enhanced migration in response to HAI-1 KD. The enhanced migration is partly attributed to dysregulation of matriptase, as simultaneous matriptase KD alleviated the migration of HAI-1-KD cells. HAI-1 deficiency also altered the expression of CD24, S100A4, CCND2 and DUSP6, all of which are involved in tumour progression. While matriptase was involved in the increased CD24 expression associated with HAI-1 deficiency, the protease appeared to be not responsible for the altered expression of other genes. Therefore, a matriptase-independent mechanism for the invasiveness associated with HAI-1 KD is also present. Together, these observations suggest that HAI-1 has a crucial suppressive role in OSCC cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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44
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Welman A, Sproul D, Mullen P, Muir M, Kinnaird AR, Harrison DJ, Faratian D, Brunton VG, Frame MC. Diversity of matriptase expression level and function in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34182. [PMID: 22514623 PMCID: PMC3325989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of matriptase has been reported in a variety of human cancers and is sufficient to trigger tumor formation in mice, but the importance of matriptase in breast cancer remains unclear. We analysed matriptase expression in 16 human breast cancer cell lines and in 107 primary breast tumors. The data revealed considerable diversity in the expression level of this protein indicating that the significance of matriptase may vary from case to case. Matriptase protein expression was correlated with HER2 expression and highest expression was seen in HER2-positive cell lines, indicating a potential role in this subgroup. Stable overexpression of matriptase in two breast cancer cell lines had different consequences. In MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells the only noted consequence of matriptase overexpression was modestly impaired growth in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of matriptase in 4T1 mouse breast carcinoma cells resulted in visible changes in morphology, actin staining and cell to cell contacts. This correlated with downregulation of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. These results suggest that the functions of matriptase in breast cancer are likely to be variable and cell context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Welman
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Passero CJ, Mueller GM, Myerburg MM, Carattino MD, Hughey RP, Kleyman TR. TMPRSS4-dependent activation of the epithelial sodium channel requires cleavage of the γ-subunit distal to the furin cleavage site. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1-8. [PMID: 21993886 PMCID: PMC3251344 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is activated by a unique mechanism, whereby inhibitory tracts are released by proteolytic cleavage within the extracellular loops of two of its three homologous subunits. While cleavage by furin within the biosynthetic pathway releases one inhibitory tract from the α-subunit and moderately activates the channel, full activation through release of a second inhibitory tract from the γ-subunit requires cleavage once by furin and then at a distal site by a second protease, such as prostasin, plasmin, or elastase. We now report that coexpression of mouse transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) with mouse ENaC in Xenopus oocytes was associated with a two- to threefold increase in channel activity and production of a unique ∼70-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment of the γ-subunit, similar to the ∼70-kDa γ-subunit fragment that we previously observed with prostasin-dependent channel activation. TMPRSS4-dependent channel activation and production of the ∼70-kDa fragment were partially blocked by mutation of the prostasin-dependent cleavage site (γRKRK186QQQQ). Complete inhibition of TMPRSS4-dependent activation of ENaC and γ-subunit cleavage was observed when three basic residues between the furin and prostasin cleavage sites were mutated (γK173Q, γK175Q, and γR177Q), in addition to γRKRK186QQQQ. Mutation of the four basic residues associated with the furin cleavage site (γRKRR143QQQQ) also prevented TMPRSS4-dependent channel activation. We conclude that TMPRSS4 primarily activates ENaC by cleaving basic residues within the tract γK173-K186 distal to the furin cleavage site, thereby releasing a previously defined key inhibitory tract encompassing γR158-F168 from the γ-subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Passero
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Dept. of Medicine, S933 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Domoto T, Takino T, Guo L, Sato H. Cleavage of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 by membrane-type MMP-1 activates matriptase. Cancer Sci 2011; 103:448-54. [PMID: 22118498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-expression of membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP with hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) in HEK293T cells resulted in cleavage of HAI-1 to produce three fragments. Recombinant MT1-MMP was shown to cleave HAI-1 protein in vitro. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 was initially identified as the cognate inhibitor of matriptase, a transmembrane serine protease that processes urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Co-expression of HAI-1 with matriptase suppressed matriptase protease activity, and co-expression of MT1-MMP with them resulted in recovery of matriptase activity by stimulating shedding of HAI-1 fragments. Matriptase protein was detected in squamous carcinoma-derived HSC-4 cells, however, matriptase protease activity was undetectable. Transfection of siRNA for HAI-1 enhanced serine protease activity, which was suppressed by cotransfection of matriptase siRNA. Collagen-gel culture or treatment with concanavalin A (ConA) of HSC-4 cells enhanced MT1-MMP activity, which induced shedding of HAI-1 fragments and conversely stimulated uPA activation by these cells. Serine protease activity, including uPA activation of cells treated with ConA, was abrogated by downregulation of either matriptase or MT1-MMP through the transfection of each siRNA. These results suggest that MT1-MMP induced by collagen-gel culture or ConA treatment causes cleavage and shedding of HAI-1 protein, which allows activation of matriptase in HSC-4 cells. HSC-4 cells showed a characteristic invasive growth by forming vacuole-like structures in collagen gel, which was suppressed by transfection of siRNA for either MT1-MMP or matriptase, suggesting that activation of matriptase through the cleavage of HAI-1 is one of the MT1-MMP multifunctions essential for invasive growth of HSC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Domoto
- Department of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kurahara H, Takao S, Maemura K, Mataki Y, Kuwahata T, Maeda K, Ding Q, Sakoda M, Iino S, Ishigami S, Ueno S, Shinchi H, Natsugoe S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal-epithelial transition via regulation of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2 expression in pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:655-61. [PMID: 22213144 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIES: Phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 76 pancreatic head cancers. We assessed the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB-1, and ZEB-2 by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Next, 147 metastatic lymph nodes from 45 pancreatic cancers with low expression of E-cadherin were obtained and divided into two categories according to the maximum diameter of the metastases: 2 mm or more and less than 2 mm. RESULTS High expressions of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2 in the primary tumors were significantly associated with repression of E-cadherin (P = 0.0007), and poorer prognosis (P = 0.0322). Forty-three (29.3%) of the 147 metastatic tumors from pancreatic cancers with low expression of E-cadherin showed high E-cadherin expression. Cancer cells in the larger metastases showed high expression of E-cadherin (P = 0.0061) and low expression of ZEB-1 (P = 0.0170) and ZEB-2 (P = 0.0036) compared with those in the smaller metastases. CONCLUSIONS In primary pancreatic tumors and metastatic lymph nodes, high and low expression of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2 was associated with mesenchymal and epithelial phenotype of cancer cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Kosa P, Szabo R, Molinolo AA, Bugge TH. Suppression of Tumorigenicity-14, encoding matriptase, is a critical suppressor of colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2011; 31:3679-95. [PMID: 22139080 PMCID: PMC3299858 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancers are an etiologically distinct subgroup of colon cancers that occur in individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease and arise as a consequence of persistent exposure of hyperproliferative epithelial stem cells to an inflammatory microenvironment. An intrinsic defect in the intestinal epithelial barrier has been proposed to be one of several factors that contribute to the inappropriate immune response to the commensal microbiota that underlies inflammatory bowel disease. Matriptase is a membrane-anchored serine protease encoded by Suppression of Tumorigenicity-14 (ST14) that strengthens the intestinal epithelial barrier by promoting tight junction formation. Here we show that intestinal epithelial-specific ablation of St14 in mice causes formation of colon adenocarcinoma with very early onset and high penetrance. Neoplastic progression is preceded by a chronic inflammation of the colon that resembles human inflammatory bowel disease and is promoted by the commensal microbiota. This study demonstrates that inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis can be initiated and promoted solely by an intrinsic intestinal permeability barrier perturbation, establishes St14 as a critical tumor suppressor gene in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, and adds matriptase to the expanding list of pericellular proteases with tumor suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kosa
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kawaguchi M, Takeda N, Hoshiko S, Yorita K, Baba T, Sawaguchi A, Nezu Y, Yoshikawa T, Fukushima T, Kataoka H. Membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor HAI-1 is required for maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1815-26. [PMID: 21840293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1), encoded by the serine protease inhibitor Kunitz type 1 (SPINT1) gene, is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed in epithelial tissues. Mutant mouse models revealed that HAI-1/SPINT1 is essential for placental labyrinth formation and is critically involved in regulating epidermal keratinization through interaction with its cognate cell surface protease, matriptase. HAI-1/SPINT1 is abundantly expressed in both human and mouse intestinal epithelium; therefore, we analyzed its role in intestinal function using mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Spint1 generated by interbreeding mice carrying Spint1(LoxP) homozygous alleles with transgenic mice carrying the Cre recombinase gene controlled by the intestine-specific Villin promoter. Although the resulting mice had normal development and appearance, crypts in the proximal aspect of the colon, including the cecum, exhibited histologic abnormalities and increased apoptosis and epithelial cell turnover accompanied by increased intestinal permeability. Distended endoplasmic reticula were observed ultrastructurally in some crypt epithelial cells, indicative of endoplasmic reticular stress. To study the role of HAI-1/SPINT1 in mucosal injury, we induced colitis by adding dextran sodium sulfate to the drinking water. After dextran sodium sulfate treatment, intestine-specific HAI-1/SPINT1-deficient mice had more severe symptoms and a significantly lower survival rate relative to control mice. These results suggest that HAI-1/SPINT1 plays an important role in maintaining colonic epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Antalis TM, Bugge TH, Wu Q. Membrane-anchored serine proteases in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 99:1-50. [PMID: 21238933 PMCID: PMC3697097 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385504-6.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases of the trypsin-like family have long been recognized to be critical effectors of biological processes as diverse as digestion, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and immunity. In recent years, a subgroup of these enzymes has been identified that are anchored directly to plasma membranes, either by a carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain (Type I), an amino-terminal transmembrane domain with a cytoplasmic extension (Type II or TTSP), or through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Recent biochemical, cellular, and in vivo analyses have now established that membrane-anchored serine proteases are key pericellular contributors to processes vital for development and the maintenance of homeostasis. This chapter reviews our current knowledge of the biological and physiological functions of these proteases, their molecular substrates, and their contributions to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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