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Noh JY, Farhataziz N, Kinter MT, Yan X, Sun Y. Colonic Dysregulation of Major Metabolic Pathways in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis. Metabolites 2024; 14:194. [PMID: 38668322 PMCID: PMC11052278 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting patients' quality of life profoundly. The incidence of IBD has been on the rise globally for the last two decades. Because the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain not well understood, therapeutic development is significantly impeded. Metabolism is a crucial cellular process to generate the energy needed for an inflammatory response and tissue repair. Comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways in IBD would help to unravel the disease pathogenesis/progression and facilitate therapeutic discoveries. Here, we investigated four metabolic pathways altered in experimental colitis. C57BL/6J mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce experimental ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted proteomics analysis for the colon samples using LC/MS, to profile key metabolic intermediates. Our findings revealed significant alterations in four major metabolic pathways: antioxidative defense, β-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle pathways. The energy metabolism by β-oxidation, glycolysis, and TCA cycle pathways were downregulated under UC, together with reduced antioxidative defense pathways. These results reveal metabolic re-programming in intestinal cells under UC, showing dysregulation in all four major metabolic pathways. Our study underscores the importance of metabolic drivers in the pathogenesis of IBD and suggests that the modification of metabolism may serve as a novel diagnostic/therapeutic approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Naser Farhataziz
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.Y.N.); (N.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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2
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Soleimani A, Saeedi N, Al-Asady AM, Nazari E, Hanaie R, Khazaei M, Ghorbani E, Akbarzade H, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Mehr SMH. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers: Biological Traits and Prognostic Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1386-1397. [PMID: 38623972 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128291321240329050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to self-renewal, differentiation, and limitless proliferation properties, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) increase the probability of tumor development. These cells are identified by using CSC markers, which are highly expressed proteins on the cell surface of CSCs. Recently, the therapeutic application of CSCs as novel biomarkers improved both the prognosis and diagnosis outcome of colorectal Cancer. In the present review, we focused on a specific panel of colorectal CSC markers, including LGR5, ALDH, CD166, CD133, and CD44, which offers a targeted and comprehensive analysis of their functions. The selection criteria for these markers cancer were based on their established significance in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and clinical outcomes, providing novel insights into the CSC biology of CRC. Through this approach, we aim to elevate understanding and stimulate further research for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Medical School, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaie
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbarzade
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Pronoy TUH, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Surface Markers for the Identification of Cancer Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2777:51-69. [PMID: 38478335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3730-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have genetic and functional characteristics which can turn them resistant to standard cancer therapeutic targets. Identification of these cells is challenging and is done mainly by detecting the expression of antigens specific to stem cells. Currently, there is a significant number of surface markers available which can detect cancer stem cells by directly targeting the specific antigens present in cells. These markers possess differential expression patterns and sub-localizations in cancer stem cells compared to nonneoplastic and somatic cells. In addition to these biomarkers, multiple analytical methods and techniques, including functional assays, cell sorting, filtration approaches, and xenotransplantation methods, are used to identify cancer stem cells. This chapter will overview the functional significance of cancer stem cells, their biological correlations, specific markers, and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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4
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Duan JJ, Cai J, Gao L, Yu SC. ALDEFLUOR activity, ALDH isoforms, and their clinical significance in cancers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166035. [PMID: 36651035 PMCID: PMC9858439 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a metabolic feature of adult stem cells and various cancer stem cells (CSCs). The ALDEFLUOR system is currently the most commonly used method for evaluating ALDH enzyme activity in viable cells. This system is applied extensively in the isolation of normal stem cells and CSCs from heterogeneous cell populations. For many years, ALDH1A1 has been considered the most important subtype among the 19 ALDH family members in determining ALDEFLUOR activity. However, in recent years, studies of many types of normal and tumour tissues have demonstrated that other ALDH subtypes can also significantly influence ALDEFLUOR activity. In this article, we briefly review the relationships between various members of the ALDH family and ALDEFLUOR activity. The clinical significance of these ALDH isoforms in different cancers and possible directions for future studies are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jie Duan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Chongqing, China,Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Shi-Cang Yu Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing400038, China
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Xanthis V, Mantso T, Dimtsi A, Pappa A, Fadouloglou VE. Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: A Superfamily of Similar Yet Different Proteins Highly Related to Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4419. [PMID: 37686694 PMCID: PMC10650815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of human aldehyde dehydrogenases (hALDHs) consists of 19 isoenzymes which are critical for several physiological and biosynthetic processes and play a major role in the organism's detoxification via the NAD(P) dependent oxidation of numerous endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Over the last decades, ALDHs have been the subject of several studies as it was revealed that their differential expression patterns in various cancer types are associated either with carcinogenesis or promotion of cell survival. Here, we attempt to provide a thorough review of hALDHs' diverse functions and 3D structures with particular emphasis on their role in cancer pathology and resistance to chemotherapy. We are especially interested in findings regarding the association of structural features and their changes with effects on enzymes' functionalities. Moreover, we provide an updated outline of the hALDHs inhibitors utilized in experimental or clinical settings for cancer therapy. Overall, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of ALDHs in cancer pathology and therapy from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vasiliki E. Fadouloglou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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6
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McGonigal S, Wu R, Grimley E, Turk EG, Zhai Y, Cho KR, Buckanovich RJ. A putative role for ALDH inhibitors and chemoprevention of BRCA-mutation-driven tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 176:139-146. [PMID: 37535994 PMCID: PMC10653209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity is a marker of cancer-initiating cells (CIC) in many tumor types. Our group and others have found that ALDH1A family inhibitors (ALDHi) can preferentially induce death of ovarian CIC in established ovarian cancer. We sought to determine if ALDHi, by targeting CIC at the time of tumor initiation, could function as a chemopreventive for ovarian cancer. As BRCA1/2 mutation carriers represent a population who could benefit from an ovarian cancer chemopreventive, we focused on BRCA mutation-associated tumor cell lines and murine tumor models. We found that, compared to BRCA wild-type cells, BRCA mutant ovarian cancer cells are more sensitive to the ALDHi673A. Similarly, while 673A treatment of wild-type fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells is non-toxic, 673A induces death in FTE cells with BRCA1 knockdown. Using a murine fallopian tube organoid model of ovarian carcinogenesis, we show that 673A reduced organoid complexity and significantly reduce colony formation of BRCA-mutant cells. Organoids that persisted after 673A treatment were predominantly BRCA1wt, but NF1 mutant, suggesting a resistance mechanism. Finally, using the BPRN (Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, Nf1 inactivated) mouse model of tubo-ovarian cancer, we evaluated the impact of intermittent 673A therapy on carcinogenesis. 673A treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions and carcinomas. Collectively, the findings suggest that ALDHi, such as 673A, could serve as chemopreventive agents for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy McGonigal
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ed Grimley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ekrem G Turk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yali Zhai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Maccioni L, Fu Y, Horsmans Y, Leclercq I, Stärkel P, Kunos G, Gao B. Alcohol-associated bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis. EGASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 1:e100013. [PMID: 37662449 PMCID: PMC10472976 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking can cause pathological changes including carcinogenesis in the digestive tract from mouth to large intestine, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the effects of alcohol on small and large intestinal functions, such as leaky gut, dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal epithelium and gut immune dysfunctions, commonly referred to as alcohol-associated bowel disease (ABD). To date, detailed mechanistic insights into ABD are lacking. Accumulating evidence suggests a pathogenic role of ethanol metabolism in dysfunctions of the intestinal tract. Ethanol metabolism generates acetaldehyde and acetate, which could potentially promote functional disruptions of microbial and host components of the intestinal barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. The potential involvement of acetaldehyde and acetate in the pathogenesis of the underlying ABD, including cancer, is discussed. We also highlight some gaps in knowledge existing in the field of ABD. Finally, we discuss future directions in exploring the role of acetaldehyde and acetate generated during chronic alcohol intake in various pathologies affecting different sites of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Molczyk C, Singh RK. CXCR1: A Cancer Stem Cell Marker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020576. [PMID: 36831112 PMCID: PMC9953306 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a significant concern while treating malignant disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subset of cancer cells potentiates tumor survival, therapy resistance, and relapse. Several different pathways regulate these purported cancer stem cells (CSCs). Evidence shows that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in maintaining the cancer stem cell pool. Typically, in the case of the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory pathways can be utilized by the tumor to aid in tumor progression; one such pathway is the CXCR1/2 pathway. The CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are intricately related, with CXCR1 binding two ligands that also bind CXCR2. They have the same downstream pathways but potentially separate roles in the tumor microenvironment. CXCR1 is becoming more well known for its role as a cancer stem cell identifier and therapeutic target. This review elucidates the role of the CXCR1 axis as a CSC marker in several solid tumors and discusses the utility of CXCR1 as a therapeutic target.
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Ma H, Tian T, Cui Z. Targeting ovarian cancer stem cells: a new way out. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 36788591 PMCID: PMC9926632 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to tumor heterogeneity, the lack of reliable early diagnosis methods and the high incidence of chemoresistant recurrent disease. Although there are developments in chemotherapies and surgical techniques to improve the overall survival of OC patients, the 5-year survival of advanced OC patients is still low. To improve the prognosis of OC patients, it is important to search for novel therapeutic approaches. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that participate in tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. It is important to study the role of CSCs in a highly heterogeneous disease such as OC, which may be significant to a better understanding of the oncogenetic and metastatic pathways of the disease and to develop novel strategies against its progression and platinum resistance. Here, we summarized the current findings about targeting methods against ovarian cancer stem cells, including related signaling pathways, markers and drugs, to better manage OC patients using CSC-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ma
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhumei Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chaudhary A, Raza SS, Haque R. Transcriptional factors targeting in cancer stem cells for tumor modulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:123-137. [PMID: 36603792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are now considered the primary "seeds" for the onset, development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Despite therapeutic breakthroughs, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This is because the tumor microenvironment contains a key population of cells known as CSCs, which promote tumor aggression. CSCs are self-renewing cells that aid tumor recurrence by promoting tumor growth and persisting in patients after many traditional cancer treatments. According to reports, numerous transcription factors (TF) play a key role in maintaining CSC pluripotency and its self-renewal property. The understanding of the functions, structures, and interactional dynamics of these transcription factors with DNA has modified the hypothesis, paving the way for novel transcription factor-targeted therapies. These TFs, which are crucial and are required by cancer cells, play a vital function in the etiology of human cancer. Such CSC TFs will help with gene expression profiling, which provides crucial data for predicting the prognosis of patients. To overcome anti-cancer medication resistance and completely eradicate cancer, a potent therapy combining TFs-based CSC targets with traditional chemotherapy may be developed. In order to develop therapies that could eliminate CSCs, we here concentrated on the effect of TFs and other components of signalling pathways on cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
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11
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Garcia-Milian R, Golla JP, Charkoftaki G, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Proteomic profiling reveals an association between ALDH and oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage repair pathways in human colon adenocarcinoma stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110175. [PMID: 36162455 PMCID: PMC9891852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family, especially ALDH1 isoenzymes, have been identified as biomarkers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of oncogenic cells with self-renewal and multipotency capability. Consistent with this contention, cell populations with high ALDH enzymatic activity exhibit greater carcinogenic potential. It has been reported that ALDH1, especially ALDH1A1, serves as a valuable biomarker for colon CSCs. However, the functional roles of ALDHs in CSCs and solid tumors of the colon tissue is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to identify molecular signature associated with high ALDH activity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO320DM) cells by proteomics profiling. Aldefluor™ assay was performed to sort COLO320DM cells exhibiting high (ALDHhigh) and low (ALDHlow) ALDH activity. Label-free quantitative proteomics analyses were conducted on these two cell populations. Proteomics profiling revealed a total of 229 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALDHhigh relative to ALDHlow cells, of which 182 were down-regulated and 47 were up-regulated. In agreement with previous studies, ALDH1A1 appeared to be the principal ALDH isozyme contributing to the Aldefluor™ assay activity in COLO320DM cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the proteomic datasets indicated that DEPs were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide excision repair. Our proteomics study predicts that high ALDH1A1 activity may be involved in these cellular pathways to promote a metabolic switch and cellular survival of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Cui G, Wang Z, Liu H, Pang Z. Cytokine-mediated crosstalk between cancer stem cells and their inflammatory niche from the colorectal precancerous adenoma stage to the cancerous stage: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057181. [PMID: 36466926 PMCID: PMC9714270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are thought to arise from precancerous adenomas. Upon exposure to diverse microenvironmental factors, precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) undergo complex genetic/molecular changes and gradually progress to form cancer stem cells (CSCs). Accumulative evidence suggests that the pCSC/CSC niche is an inflammatory dominated milieu that contains different cytokines that function as the key communicators between pCSCs/CSCs and their niche and have a decisive role in promoting CRC development, progression, and metastasis. In view of the importance and increasing data about cytokines in modulating pCSCs/CSC stemness properties and their significance in CRC, this review summarizes current new insights of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33 and interferon (IFN)-γ, involving in the modulation of pCSC/CSC properties and features in precancerous and cancerous lesions and discusses the possible mechanisms of adenoma progression to CRCs and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Medical Imaging, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hanzhe Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Pang
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Nakagomi E, Mikami T, Funahashi K, Okazumi S, Shibuya K, Hiruta N, Igarashi Y. Cancer stem cell markers CD44v9+/CD133- are associated with low apoptosis in both sporadic and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancers. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:587-595. [PMID: 35224715 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate tumor cell behavior associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression, the expression of CD133, CD44v9, and ALDH1A1, which are considered markers of CSCs, was examined in sporadic and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal tumors. METHODS A total of 23 cases of sporadic colorectal cancer and 44 cases of adenoma were collected. Additionally, 22 cancer lesions and 38 dysplasia lesions were selected from 28 colectomy cases of UC with neoplastic lesions. Lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies against CD133, CD44v9, ALDH1A1, Ki-67, cleaved-Caspase 3, and p53. RESULTS CD133, CD44v9, and ALDH1A1 showed higher expression in both sporadic and UC-associated tumors than in the normal mucosa. ALDH1A1 expression in sporadic cancer was higher in the right colon than in the left colon (p=0.0089). ALDH1A1 expression in UC-associated cancer was higher in those with longer disease duration than in those with shorter disease duration (p=0.019). The CD44v9+/CD133- region had fewer cleaved-Caspase 3 positive cells in both sporadic and UC-associated cancers. In sporadic cancer, CD133+/ALDH1A1+ regions had fewer apoptotic cells than CD133+/ALDH1A1- regions, while CD133+/ALDH1A1- regions were less proliferative than CD133+/ALDH1A1+ regions in UC-associated cancer. CONCLUSION CD44+/CD133- regions were commonly associated with low apoptosis in sporadic and UC-associated cancers; thus, these were considered target areas for CSCs. Additionally, the combination of markers comprising CSCs may differ between sporadic and UC-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakagomi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Funahashi
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okazumi
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Igarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Bos A, van Egmond M, Mebius R. The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:562-572. [PMID: 35418672 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in the regulation of mucosal immunity. The effect of vitamin A metabolism on T lymphocyte immunity has been well documented, but its role in mucosal B lymphocyte regulation is less well described. Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) is key in orchestrating a balanced gut microbiota composition. Here, we describe the contribution of RA to IgA class switching in tissues including the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. RA can either indirectly skew T cells or directly affect B cell differentiation. IgA levels in healthy individuals are under the control of the metabolism of vitamin A, providing a steady supply of RA. However, IgA levels are altered in inflammatory bowel disease patients, making control of the metabolism of vitamin A a potential therapeutic target. Thus, dietary vitamin A is a key player in regulating IgA production within the intestine, acting via multiple immunological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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PUMILIO proteins promote colorectal cancer growth via suppressing p21. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1627. [PMID: 35338151 PMCID: PMC8956581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PUMILIO (PUM) proteins belong to the highly conserved PUF family post-transcriptional regulators involved in diverse biological processes. However, their function in carcinogenesis remains under-explored. Here, we report that Pum1 and Pum2 display increased expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestine-specific knockout of Pum1 and Pum2 in mice significantly inhibits the progression of colitis-associated cancer in the AOM/DSS model. Knockout or knockdown of Pum1 and/or Pum2 in human CRC cells result in a significant decrease in the tumorigenicity and delayed G1/S transition. We identify p21/Cdkn1a as a direct target of PUM1. Abrogation of the PUM1 binding site in the p21 mRNA also results in decreased cancer cell growth and delayed G1/S transition. Furthermore, intravenous injection of nanoparticle-encapsulated anti-Pum1 and Pum2 siRNAs reduces colorectal tumor growth in murine orthotopic colon cancer models. These findings reveal the requirement of PUM proteins for CRC progression and their potential as therapeutic targets. RNA binding proteins can contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and development. Here the authors show that PUMILIO proteins, PUM1 and PUM2 contribute to CRC growth by inhibiting p21 expression.
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16
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Chen X, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Xu W, Keillor JW, Naselsky W, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 Maintains Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling to Enhance the Cancer Cell Phenotype. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2026-2035. [PMID: 34593609 PMCID: PMC10088464 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a key epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cancer cell survival protein. However, how TG2 maintains the aggressive cancer phenotype is not well understood. The present studies show that TG2, which is highly expressed in epidermal cancer stem-like cells (ECS cells), maintains hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling to drive an aggressive ECS cell cancer phenotype. Inhibiting TG2 reduces MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression and activity and attenuates the cancer cell phenotype. Moreover, inhibition of TG2 or HGF/MET function reduces downstream MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activity, and this is associated with reduced cancer cell spheroid formation, invasion, and migration, and reduced stem and EMT marker expression. Treatment of TG2 knockdown cells with HGF partially restores the aggressive cancer phenotype, confirming that MET signaling is downstream of TG2. MET knockout reduces ERK1/2 signaling, doubles the time to initial tumor appearance, and reduces overall tumor growth. These findings suggest that TG2 maintains HGF/MET and MAPK (MEK1/2 and ERK1/2) signaling to drive the aggressive ECS cell cancer phenotype and tumor formation, and that TG2-dependent MET signaling may be a useful anti-cancer target. IMPLICATIONS: TG2 is an important epidermal squamous cell carcinoma stem cell survival protein. We show that TG2 activates an HGF/MET, MEK1/2 ERK1/2 signaling cascade that maintains the aggressive cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study of Benzyloxybenzaldehyde Derivatives as Selective ALDH1A3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195770. [PMID: 34641313 PMCID: PMC8510124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has recently gained attention from researchers in the cancer field. Several studies have reported ALDH1A3 overexpression in different cancer types, which has been found to correlate with poor treatment recovery. Therefore, finding selective inhibitors against ALDH1A3 could result in new treatment options for cancer treatment. In this study, ALDH1A3-selective candidates were designed based on the physiological substrate resemblance, synthesized and investigated for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH3A1 selectivity and cytotoxicity using ALDH-positive A549 and ALDH-negative H1299 cells. Two compounds (ABMM-15 and ABMM-16), with a benzyloxybenzaldehyde scaffold, were found to be the most potent and selective inhibitors for ALDH1A3, with IC50 values of 0.23 and 1.29 µM, respectively. The results also show no significant cytotoxicity for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 on either cell line. However, a few other candidates (ABMM-6, ABMM-24, ABMM-32) showed considerable cytotoxicity on H1299 cells, when compared to A549 cells, with IC50 values of 14.0, 13.7 and 13.0 µM, respectively. The computational study supported the experimental results and suggested a good binding for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 to the ALDH1A3 isoform. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that benzyloxybenzaldehyde might be considered a promising scaffold for further drug discovery aimed at exploiting ALDH1A3 for therapeutic intervention.
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18
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O.B. Facey C, M. Boman B. Retinoids in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. COLORECTAL CANCER 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are vitamin A metabolites best known for their role in embryonic development. Indeed, retinoid acid (RA) signaling plays a key role in regulating the development of the embryo body-plan by controlling embryonic stem cells (SCs). Retinoids function through their ability to induce cellular differentiation. Mutations in RA signaling pathway genes occur in most human cancers. The classic example is the chromosomal translocation involving RA receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Because all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a highly effective and often curative treatment for APL patients, determining if retinoids are efficacious for other cancer types is imperative. We review the current research on retinoids in colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide bioinformatics analyses of RA signaling. Our results show that most RA pathway genes are overexpressed and often mutated in CRC. Moreover, aberrant expression of many RA signaling proteins predicts decreased CRC patient survival. We also review aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression in CRC because ALDH is a key enzyme in RA signaling, which regulates colonic SCs. Further investigation of RA signaling mechanisms that regulate colon SCs and how dysregulation contributes to the SC overpopulation that drives CRC growth should provide insight into strategies for designing new SC-targeted therapies for CRC.
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19
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Liu Y, Li Q, Chen T, Shen T, Zhang X, Song P, Liu L, Liu J, Jiang T, Liang X. Clinical verification of vimentin/EpCAM immunolipid magnetic sorting system in monitoring CTCs in arterial and venous blood of advanced tumor. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:185. [PMID: 34134721 PMCID: PMC8207779 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the dominant factor leading to tumor metastasis. This study aims to investigate the effect of disparate sources of CTCs on the treatment and prognosis of patients with advanced tumors by analyzing the number and gene mutations change of CTCs in arterial and venous blood in patients with advanced tumors. RESULTS A CTCs sorting system was constructed based on Vimentin-immunolipid magnetic balls (Vi-IMB) and EpCAM immunolipid magnetic balls (Ep-IMB). Results showed that the prepared Ep-IMB and Vi-IMB had lower cytotoxicity, better specificity and sensitivity. The number of arterial CTCs was higher than that of venous CTCs, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Moreover, the prognosis of the low positive group of total CTCs in arterial blood and venous blood was higher than that of the high positive group, with a statistical significance (P < 0.05). The genetic testing results showed that the targeted drug gene mutations in tissues, arterial CTCs and venous CTCs showed a complementary trend, indicating that there was heterogeneity among different tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS CTCs in blood can be efficiently captured by the CTCs sorting system based on Vi-LMB/Ep-LMB, and CTCs detection in arterial blood can be utilized to more accurately evaluate the prognosis and predict postoperative progress. It is further confirmed that tumor samples from disparate sources are heterogeneous, providing a reference basis for gene mutation detection before clinical targeted drug treatment, and the detection of CTCs in arterial blood has more potential clinical application value. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Ethics Committee of Putuo Hospital, PTEC-A-2019-18-1. Registered 24 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Tingsong Chen
- Second department of oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Shen
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Song
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, No. 800, Rujiadian Road, Huzhou, 313009, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, No. 800, Rujiadian Road, Huzhou, 313009, China.
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20
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Yin Q, Shi X, Lan S, Jin H, Wu D. Effect of melanoma stem cells on melanoma metastasis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:566. [PMID: 34113394 PMCID: PMC8185701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the metastatic process, the resistance of many types of cancer to therapeutic treatments and consequently the onset of recurrences. The CSC concept therefore significantly extends our understanding of melanoma biology. More recently, melanoma stem cells (MSCs) have been described in melanoma as expressing specific biomarkers. These primitive melanoma cells are not only capable of self-renewal and differentiation plasticity, but may also confer virulence via immune evasion and multidrug resistance, and potentially, via vasculogenic mimicry and transition to migratory and metastasizing derivatives. This review will present the specific biomarkers of MSCs, including CD133, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5, CD271, CD20 and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which can regulate the transduction of tumor-related signals. These signal molecules can reversely act on tumor cells and regulate tumor angiogenesis, leading to the occurrence of melanoma metastasis. Targeting these specific biomarkers could inhibit the progression of melanoma and may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Yin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Shi
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Lan
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Jin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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21
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Cermeño EA, O'Melia MJ, Han WM, Veith A, Barber G, Huang EH, Thomas SN, García AJ. Hydrodynamic shear-based purification of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic potential. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:1-11. [PMID: 31965190 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), a subpopulation of cancerous cells with high tumorigenic potential and stem-cell-like properties, drive tumor progression and are resistant to conventional therapies. Identification and isolation of TICs are limited by their low frequency and lack of robust markers. Here, we characterize the heterogeneous adhesive properties of a panel of human and murine cancer cells and demonstrate differences in adhesion strength among cells, which exhibit TIC properties and those that do not. These differences in adhesion strength were exploited to rapidly (~10 min) and efficiently isolate cancerous cells with increased tumorigenic potential in a label-free manner by use of a microfluidic technology. Isolated murine and human cancer cells gave rise to larger tumors with increased growth rate and higher frequency in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice, respectively. This rapid and label-free TIC isolation technology has the potential to be a valuable tool for facilitating research into TIC biology and the development of more efficient diagnostics and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín A Cermeño
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan J O'Melia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech/Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin Veith
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham Barber
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Colon Fibroblasts and Inflammation: Sparring Partners in Colorectal Cancer Initiation? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081749. [PMID: 33916891 PMCID: PMC8067599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Patients suffering inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of CRC. It is admitted that CRC found its origin within crypts of the colon mucosa, which host the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) responsible of the tissue renewal. ISC behavior is controlled by the fibroblasts that surround the crypt. During inflammation, the signals delivered by fibroblasts are altered, leading to stem cells’ dysregulation, possibly turning them into cancer-initiating cells. Here, we reviewed the interplays between the fibroblast and the ISCs, possibly leading to the initiation of CRC due to chronic inflammation. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Significant improvements in CRC treatment have been made for the last 20 years, on one hand thanks to a better detection, allowing surgical resection of the incriminated area, and on the other hand, thanks to a better knowledge of CRC’s development allowing the improvement of drug strategies. Despite this crucial progress, CRC remains a public health issue. The current model for CRC initiation and progression is based on accumulation of sequential known genetic mutations in the colon epithelial cells’ genome leading to a loss of control over proliferation and survival. However, increasing evidence reveals that CRC initiation is more complex. Indeed, chronic inflammatory contexts, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, have been shown to increase the risk for CRC development in mice and humans. In this manuscript, we review whether colon fibroblasts can go from the main regulators of the ISC homeostasis, regulating not only the renewal process but also the epithelial cells’ differentiation occurring along the colon crypt, to the main player in the initiation of the colorectal cancer process due to chronic inflammation.
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23
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Identification of a subpopulation of long-term tumor-initiating cells in colon cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225947. [PMID: 32729895 PMCID: PMC7447854 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term tumor-initiating cells (LT-TICs) are viewed as a quantifiable target for colon cancer therapy owing to their extensive self-renewal and tumorigenic and metastatic capacities. However, it is unknown which subpopulation of colon cancer cells contains LT-TICs. Here, based on the methods for isolating and identifying cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the functional features of LT-TICs, we aimed to identify a subpopulation of LT-TICs. Among the six cell lines assessed, our results showed that CD133 and CD44 coexpression was only detected in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. In HCT116 and HT29 cells, CD133+CD44+ cells not only shared the extensive tumorigenic potential of LT-TICs but also functionally reproduced the behaviors of LT-TICs that drive tumor metastasis (TM) formation, suggesting that CD133+CD44+ cells are a typical representation of LT-TICs in colon cancer. Mechanistically, the enhanced capacity of CD133+CD44+ cells to drive metastasis involves the up-regulated expression of Wnt-, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-, and metastasis-related genes in these cells. Additionally, CD133+CD44+ cells presented significant chemoresistance compared with corresponding nontumorigenic CD133−CD44− cells following exposure to oxaliplatin (OXLP) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Accordingly, CD133+CD44+ cells contained lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels than CD1133−CD44− cells, and the low ROS levels in CD133+CD44+ cells were related to the enhancement of antioxidant defense systems. More importantly, CD133+CD44+ cells developed less DNA damage after exposure to chemotherapeutics than CD133−CD44− cells. In conclusion, we identified a subpopulation of LT-TICs in colon cancer.
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24
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FKBP10 Regulates Protein Translation to Sustain Lung Cancer Growth. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3851-3863.e6. [PMID: 32187554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is limited, in part, by lack of specificity. Thus, identifying molecules that are selectively expressed by, and relevant for, cancer cells is of paramount medical importance. Here, we show that peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10)-positive cells are present in cancer lesions but absent in the healthy parenchyma of human lung. FKBP10 expression negatively correlates with survival of lung cancer patients, and its downregulation causes a dramatic diminution of lung tumor burden in mice. Mechanistically, our results from gain- and loss-of-function assays show that FKBP10 boosts cancer growth and stemness via its PPIase activity. Also, FKBP10 interacts with ribosomes, and its downregulation leads to reduction of translation elongation at the beginning of open reading frames (ORFs), particularly upon insertion of proline residues. Thus, our data unveil FKBP10 as a cancer-selective molecule with a key role in translational reprogramming, stem-like traits, and growth of lung cancer.
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25
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Sarvestani SK, Signs S, Hu B, Yeu Y, Feng H, Ni Y, Hill DR, Fisher RC, Ferrandon S, DeHaan RK, Stiene J, Cruise M, Hwang TH, Shen X, Spence JR, Huang EH. Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:262. [PMID: 33431859 PMCID: PMC7801686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a major type of inflammatory bowel disease, remains unknown. No model exists that adequately recapitulates the complexity of clinical UC. Here, we take advantage of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop an induced human UC-derived organoid (iHUCO) model and compared it with the induced human normal organoid model (iHNO). Notably, iHUCOs recapitulated histological and functional features of primary colitic tissues, including the absence of acidic mucus secretion and aberrant adherens junctions in the epithelial barrier both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the CXCL8/CXCR1 axis was overexpressed in iHUCO but not in iHNO. As proof-of-principle, we show that inhibition of CXCL8 receptor by the small-molecule non-competitive inhibitor repertaxin attenuated the progression of UC phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. This patient-derived organoid model, containing both epithelial and stromal compartments, will generate new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of UC while offering opportunities to tailor interventions to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven Signs
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yunku Yeu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert C Fisher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sylvain Ferrandon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Reece K DeHaan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiene
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Michael Cruise
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Hoyle RG, Wang H, Cen Y, Zhang Y, Li J. IOX1 Suppresses Wnt Target Gene Transcription and Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of KDM3 Histone Demethylases. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:191-202. [PMID: 33203729 PMCID: PMC7790990 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in Wnt-induced tumorigenesis, notably in colorectal cancers. KDM3 and KDM4 histone demethylases have been reported to promote oncogenic Wnt signaling through demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters and are suggested to be potential therapeutic targets. However, potent inhibitors for these regulators are still not available. In addition, which family is most responsible for activation of Wnt target genes and Wnt-induced oncogenesis is not well documented, specifically in colorectal cancer. In this study, we characterized the functional redundancy and differences between KDM3 and KDM4 in regard to regulating Wnt signaling. Our data suggest that KDM3 may play a more essential role than KDM4 in regulating oncogenic Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer. We also identified that IOX1, a known histone demethylase inhibitor, significantly suppresses Wnt target gene transcription and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IOX1 inhibits the enzymatic activity of KDM3 by binding to the Jumonji C domain and thereby preventing the demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters. Taken together, our data not only identified the critical mechanisms by which IOX1 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through inhibition of KDM3, but also suggested that IOX1 may represent an attractive small molecule lead for future drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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27
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Gao S, Soares F, Wang S, Wong CC, Chen H, Yang Z, Liu W, Go MYY, Ahmed M, Zeng Y, O’Brien CA, Sung JJY, He HH, Yu J. CRISPR screens identify cholesterol biosynthesis as a therapeutic target on stemness and drug resistance of colon cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6601-6613. [PMID: 34621019 PMCID: PMC8639446 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor progression, recurrence, and drug resistance. To identify genetic vulnerabilities of colon cancer, we performed targeted CRISPR dropout screens comprising 657 Drugbank targets and 317 epigenetic regulators on two patient-derived colon CSC-enriched spheroids. Next-generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNAs isolated from surviving cells yielded therapeutic candidates. We unraveled 44 essential genes for colon CSC-enriched spheroids propagation, including key cholesterol biosynthetic genes (HMGCR, FDPS, and GGPS1). Cholesterol biosynthesis was induced in colon cancer tissues, especially CSC-enriched spheroids. The genetic and pharmacological inhibition of HMGCR/FDPS impaired self-renewal capacity and tumorigenic potential of the spheroid models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGCR or FDPS depletion impaired cancer stemness characteristics by activating TGF-β signaling, which in turn downregulated expression of inhibitors of differentiation (ID) proteins, key regulators of cancer stemness. Cholesterol and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) rescued the growth inhibitory and signaling effect of HMGCR/FDPS blockade, implying a direct role of these metabolites in modulating stemness. Finally, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors and 5-FU demonstrated antitumor synergy in colon CSC-enriched spheroids, tumor organoids, and xenografts. Taken together, our study unravels novel genetic vulnerabilities of colon CSC-enriched spheroids and suggests cholesterol biosynthesis as a potential target in conjunction with traditional chemotherapy for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Fraser Soares
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Shiyan Wang
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenjie Yang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minnie Y. Y. Go
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Yong Zeng
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Catherine Adell O’Brien
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Joseph J. Y. Sung
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Jun Yu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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DeHaan RK, Sarvestani SK, Huang EH. Organoid Models of Colorectal Pathology: Do They Hold the Key to Personalized Medicine? A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:1559-1569. [PMID: 32868555 PMCID: PMC7547902 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer and IBD account for a large portion of the practice of colorectal surgery. Historical research models have provided insights into the underlying causes of these diseases but come with many limitations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the advantage of organoid models in modeling benign and malignant colorectal pathology. DATA SOURCES Sources included PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Ovid Embase STUDY SELECTION:: Two reviewers completed a systematic review of the literature between January 2006 and January of 2020 for studies related to colon and intestinal organoids. Reviews, commentaries, protocols, and studies not performed in humans or mice were excluded. RESULTS A total of 73 articles were included. Organoid models of colorectal disease have been rising in popularity to further elucidate the genetic, transcriptomic, and treatment response of these diseases at the individual level. Increasingly complex models utilizing coculture techniques are being rapidly developed that allow in vitro recapitulation of the disease microenvironment. LIMITATIONS This review is only qualitative, and the lack of well utilized nomenclature in the organoid community may have resulted in the exclusion of articles. CONCLUSIONS Historical disease models including cell lines, patient-derived tumor xenografts, and animal models have created a strong foundation for our understanding of colorectal pathology. Recent advances in 3-dimensional cell cultures, in the form of patient-derived epithelial organoids and induced human intestinal organoids have opened a new avenue for high-resolution analysis of pathology at the level of an individual patient. Recent research has shown the potential of organoids as a tool for personalized medicine with their ability to retain patient characteristics, including treatment response.
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29
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Zhang T, Ahn K, Emerick B, Modarai SR, Opdenaker LM, Palazzo J, Schleiniger G, Fields JZ, Boman BM. APC mutations in human colon lead to decreased neuroendocrine maturation of ALDH+ stem cells that alters GLP-2 and SST feedback signaling: Clue to a link between WNT and retinoic acid signalling in colon cancer development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239601. [PMID: 33112876 PMCID: PMC7592776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
APC mutations drive human colorectal cancer (CRC) development. A major contributing factor is colonic stem cell (SC) overpopulation. But, the mechanism has not been fully identified. A possible mechanism is the dysregulation of neuroendocrine cell (NEC) maturation by APC mutations because SCs and NECs both reside together in the colonic crypt SC niche where SCs mature into NECs. So, we hypothesized that sequential inactivation of APC alleles in human colonic crypts leads to progressively delayed maturation of SCs into NECs and overpopulation of SCs. Accordingly, we used quantitative immunohistochemical mapping to measure indices and proportions of SCs and NECs in human colon tissues (normal, adenomatous, malignant), which have different APC-zygosity states. In normal crypts, many cells staining for the colonic SC marker ALDH1 co-stained for chromogranin-A (CGA) and other NEC markers. In contrast, in APC-mutant tissues from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, the proportion of ALDH+ SCs progressively increased while NECs markedly decreased. To explain how these cell populations change in FAP tissues, we used mathematical modelling to identify kinetic mechanisms. Computational analyses indicated that APC mutations lead to: 1) decreased maturation of ALDH+ SCs into progenitor NECs (not progenitor NECs into mature NECs); 2) diminished feedback signaling by mature NECs. Biological experiments using human CRC cell lines to test model predictions showed that mature GLP-2R+ and SSTR1+ NECs produce, via their signaling peptides, opposing effects on rates of NEC maturation via feedback regulation of progenitor NECs. However, decrease in this feedback signaling wouldn't explain the delayed maturation because both progenitor and mature NECs are depleted in CRCs. So the mechanism for delayed maturation must explain how APC mutation causes the ALDH+ SCs to remain immature. Given that ALDH is a key component of the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway, that other components of the RA pathway are selectively expressed in ALDH+ SCs, and that exogenous RA ligands can induce ALDH+ cancer SCs to mature into NECs, RA signaling must be attenuated in ALDH+ SCs in CRC. Thus, attenuation of RA signaling explains why ALDH+ SCs remain immature in APC mutant tissues. Since APC mutation causes increased WNT signaling in FAP and we found that sequential inactivation of APC in FAP patient tissues leads to progressively delayed maturation of colonic ALDH+ SCs, the hypothesis is developed that human CRC evolves due to an imbalance between WNT and RA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, United States of America
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Koree Ahn
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, United States of America
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Brooks Emerick
- Center for Applications of Mathematics in Medicine, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Shirin R. Modarai
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, United States of America
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Lynn M. Opdenaker
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, United States of America
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Juan Palazzo
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gilberto Schleiniger
- Center for Applications of Mathematics in Medicine, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, United States of America
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Center for Applications of Mathematics in Medicine, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
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30
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Neog Bora P, Baruah VJ, Borkotokey S, Gogoi L, Mahanta P, Sarmah A, Kumar R, Moretti S. Identifying the Salient Genes in Microarray Data: A Novel Game Theoretic Model for the Co-Expression Network. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E586. [PMID: 32823765 PMCID: PMC7460294 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray techniques are used to generate a large amount of information on gene expression. This information can be statistically processed and analyzed to identify the genes useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of genetic diseases. Game theoretic tools are applied to analyze the gene expression data. Gene co-expression networks are increasingly used to explore the system-level functionality of genes, where the roles of the genes in building networks in addition to their independent activities are also considered. In this paper, we develop a novel microarray network game by constructing a gene co-expression network and defining a game on this network. The notion of the Link Relevance Index (LRI) for this network game is introduced and characterized. The LRI successfully identifies the relevant cancer biomarkers. It also enables identifying salient genes in the colon cancer dataset. Network games can more accurately describe the interactions among genes as their basic premises are to consider the interactions among players prescribed by a network structure. LRI presents a tool to identify the underlying salient genes involved in cancer or other metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papori Neog Bora
- Department of Mathematics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India;
| | - Vishwa Jyoti Baruah
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India
| | - Surajit Borkotokey
- Department of Mathematics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India;
| | - Loyimee Gogoi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Priyakshi Mahanta
- Centre for Computer Science and Applications, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India; (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ankumon Sarmah
- Centre for Computer Science and Applications, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India; (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Economics Group, Queen’s Management School, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 5EE, UK
| | - Stefano Moretti
- Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, LAMSADE, 75016 Paris, France;
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31
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Kitazawa M, Hatta T, Sasaki Y, Fukui K, Ogawa K, Fukuda E, Goshima N, Okita N, Yamada Y, Nakagama H, Natsume T, Horimoto K. Promotion of the Warburg effect is associated with poor benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:658-666. [PMID: 31823471 PMCID: PMC7004516 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, including the Warburg effect, is a hallmark of cancer. Indeed, the diversity of cancer metabolism leads to cancer heterogeneity, but accurate assessment of metabolic properties in tumors has not yet been undertaken. Here, we performed absolute quantification of the expression levels of 113 proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant pathways, in stage III colorectal cancer surgical specimens from 70 patients. The Warburg effect appeared in absolute protein levels between tumor and normal mucosa specimens demonstrated. Notably, the levels of proteins associated with the tricarboxylic citric acid cycle were remarkably reduced in the malignant tumors which had relapsed after surgery and treatment with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy. In addition, the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil also decreased in the cultured cancer cell lines with promotion of the Warburg effect. We further identified nine and eight important proteins, which are closely related to the Warburg effect, for relapse risk and 5-fluorouracil benefit, respectively, using a biomarker exploration procedure. These results provide us a clue for bridging between metabolic protein expression profiles and benefit from 5-fluorouracil adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kitazawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukui
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukuda
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Okita
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yamada
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Conciatori F, Bazzichetto C, Falcone I, Ferretti G, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. Colorectal cancer stem cells properties and features: evidence of interleukin-8 involvement. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:968-979. [PMID: 35582268 PMCID: PMC9019202 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains a disease with high percentage of death, principally due to therapy resistance and metastasis. During the time the hypothesis has been reinforced that CRC stem cells (CRCSC) are involved in allowing intratumoral heterogeneity, drug escape mechanisms and secondary tumors. CRCSC are characterized by specific surface markers (i.e., CD44 and CD133), signaling pathways activation (i.e., Wnt and Notch) and gene expression (i.e., Oct4 and Snail), which confer to CRCSC self-renewal abilities and pluripotent capacity. Interleukin (IL)-8 is correlated to CRC progression, development of liver metastases and chemoresistance; moreover, IL-8 modulates not only stemness maintenance but also stemness promotion, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review wants to give a brief and up-to-date overview on IL-8 implication in CRCSC cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferretti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.,SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
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33
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Circulating Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Tumor Cells With Loss of Heterozygosity in the TSC2 Gene Show Increased Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity. Chest 2019; 156:298-307. [PMID: 31034819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a destructive metastasizing neoplasm of the lung characterized by proliferation of LAM cells in specialized lung nodules. LAM cells are characterized by expression of the prometastatic and cancer-initiating hyaluronan receptor CD44v6, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of TSC1 and TSC2. The circulating neoplastic LAM cells are thought to be involved in metastasis. Because LAM cells display properties of neoplastic, metastatic, and stem cell-like cancer cells, we hypothesized that elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, characteristic of cancer and stem cells, is a property of LAM cells. METHODS We performed an in silico search of ALDH genes in microdissected LAM lung nodules. To identify circulating LAM cells, we osmotically removed red blood cells from whole blood to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were then sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on their level of ALDH activity. RESULTS Microdissected LAM lung nodules possess a distinctive ALDH gene profile. The cell subpopulation with high ALDH activity, isolated from circulating cells, possessed TSC2 LOH in 8 of 14 patients with LAM. Approximately 60% of the circulating cells with high ALDH activity expressed CD44v6. Cells with TSC2 LOH from patients with LAM and LAM/TSC exhibited different properties in different body locations, but all cell types showed high ALDH activity. CONCLUSIONS This new procedure allows for isolation of circulating LAM cells from cultured cells, blood, and chylous effusions and shows that circulating LAM cells are heterogeneous with neoplastic, metastatic, and cancer-stem cell-like properties.
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34
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Fisher RC, Bellamkonda K, Alex Molina L, Xiang S, Liska D, Sarvestani SK, Chakrabarti S, Berg A, Jorgensen ML, Hatala D, Chen S, Aiello A, Appelman HD, Scott EW, Huang EH. Disrupting Inflammation-Associated CXCL8-CXCR1 Signaling Inhibits Tumorigenicity Initiated by Sporadic- and Colitis-Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Neoplasia 2019; 21:269-281. [PMID: 30738331 PMCID: PMC6370871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional inflammatory pathways are associated with an increased risk of cancer, including colorectal cancer. We have previously identified and enriched for a self-renewing, colon cancer stem cell (CCSC) subpopulation in primary sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) and a related subpopulation in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients defined by the stem cell marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Subsequent work demonstrated that CCSC-initiated tumors are dependent on the inflammatory chemokine, CXCL8, a known inducer of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion. Here, we use RNA interference to target CXCL8 and its receptor, CXCR1, to establish the existence of a functional signaling pathway promoting tumor growth initiated by sporadic and colitis CCSCs. Knocking down either CXCL8 or CXCR1 had a dramatic effect on inhibiting both in vitro proliferation and angiogenesis. Likewise, tumorigenicity was significantly inhibited due to reduced levels of proliferation and angiogenesis. Decreased expression of cycle cell regulators cyclins D1 and B1 along with increased p21 levels suggested that the reduction in tumor growth is due to dysregulation of cell cycle progression. Therapeutically targeting the CXCL8-CXCR1 signaling pathway has the potential to block sustained tumorigenesis by inhibiting both CCSC- and pCCSC-induced proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Fisher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kishan Bellamkonda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Alex Molina
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shao Xiang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Liska
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Annamarie Berg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marda L Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Denise Hatala
- Immunochemistry Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sugong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Aiello
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henry D Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Chen W, Allen SG, Qian W, Peng Z, Han S, Li X, Sun Y, Fournier C, Bao L, Lam RH, Merajver SD, Fu J. Biophysical Phenotyping and Modulation of ALDH+ Inflammatory Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1802891. [PMID: 30632269 PMCID: PMC6486377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been shown to initiate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in many cancer types. Although identification of CSCs through specific marker expression helps define the CSC compartment, it does not directly provide information on how or why this cancer cell subpopulation is more metastatic or tumorigenic. In this study, the functional and biophysical characteristics of aggressive and lethal inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) CSCs at the single-cell level are comprehensively profiled using multiple microengineered tools. Distinct functional (cell migration, growth, adhesion, invasion and self-renewal) and biophysical (cell deformability, adhesion strength and contractility) properties of ALDH+ SUM149 IBC CSCs are found as compared to their ALDH- non-CSC counterpart, providing biophysical insights into why CSCs has an enhanced propensity to metastasize. It is further shown that the cellular biophysical phenotype can predict and determine IBC cells' tumorigenic ability. SUM149 and SUM159 IBC cells selected and modulated through biophysical attributes-adhesion and stiffness-show characteristics of CSCs in vitro and enhance tumorigenicity in in vivo murine models of primary tumor growth. Overall, the multiparametric cellular biophysical phenotyping and modulation of IBC CSCs yields a new understanding of IBC's metastatic properties and how they might develop and be targeted for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA,
| | - Steven G. Allen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Zifeng Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chelsea Fournier
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liwei Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raymond H.W. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sofia D. Merajver
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,
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Narayan S, Ramisetti S, Jaiswal AS, Law BK, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Amin S, Sharma AK. ASR352, A potent anticancer agent: Synthesis, preliminary SAR, and biological activities against colorectal cancer bulk, 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin resistant and stem cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:456-467. [PMID: 30384048 PMCID: PMC7115410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite new agent development and short-term benefits in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), metastatic CRC cure rates have not improved due to high rates of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)-resistance and a clinical therapeutic plateau. At the same time, this treatment regime leads to significant toxicity, cost, and patient inconvenience. Drug-resistance is linked to CRC stem cells, which are associated with the epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Thus, to optimally treat CRC, a therapy that can target the cell survival and EMT pathways in both CRC bulk and stem cell populations is critical. We recently identified a novel small molecule NSC30049 (7a) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC bulk, FOLFOX-resistant, and CRC stem cells both in vitro and in vivo models. In the present study, we report the synthesis and anti-CRC evaluation of several stable and effective 7a analogs. ASR352 (7b) was identified as one of the equipotent 7a analogs that inhibited the growth of CRC bulk cells, sensitized FOLFOX-resistant cells, and reduced the sphere formation capacity of CRC stem cells. It appears that the complex mechanism of cytotoxicity for 7b includes abrogation of 5-FU-induced the S phase, reduction of the phosphorylation of Chk1 at S317P, S345P and S296P, increased γH2AX staining, activation of caspase 3/PARP1 cleavage, and enhancement of Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Further 7b-mediated reduced phosphorylation of Chk1 was an indirect effect, since it did not inhibit Chk1 activity in an in vitro kinase assay. Our findings suggest that 7b as a single agent, or in combination with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent in CRC bulk, FOLFOX-resistant, and CRC stem cell populations for unmanageable metastatic CRC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Srinivasa Ramisetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aruna S Jaiswal
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Xia Y, Wei X, Gong H, Ni Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenase serves as a biomarker for worse survival profiles in ovarian cancer patients: an updated meta-analysis. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:199. [PMID: 30522488 PMCID: PMC6284301 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this comprehensive meta-analysis was to assess the association of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Systematic searches of Pubmed databases was performed to identify relevant literature published before February 28, 2018. A total of 14 studies (13 articles) with 2210 ovarian cancer patients were pooled. All included studies were performed by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of ALDH expression. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted from included studies to evaluate the correlation of ALDH expression with OS and DFS/PFS. RESULTS High expression of ALDH was associated with worse OS (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18-1.73) and poor DFS/PFS (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12-2.14). No evidence of publication bias was observed in OS (Begg's test, P = 0.113; Egger's test, P = 0.355) and DFS/PFS (Begg's test, P = 0.655; Egger's test, P = 0.189) in ovarian cancer patients. The subgroup of studies with cut-off value of low expression showed that high expression of ALDH was correlated with poor OS (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14-1.62) and DFS/PFS (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.45-2.20) in ovarian cancer patients, with no observed heterogeneity (OS: I2 = 0%, P = 0.45; DFS/PFS: I2 = 0%, P = 0.55). CONCLUSION In conclusion, high expression of ALDH is correlated with worse survival profiles in ovarian cancer patients, indicating that ALDH might act as a potential molecular biomarker for prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Yunxiang Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Slater C, De La Mare JA, Edkins AL. In vitro analysis of putative cancer stem cell populations and chemosensitivity in the SW480 and SW620 colon cancer metastasis model. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8516-8526. [PMID: 29805588 PMCID: PMC5950524 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory implicates a small subpopulation of cells with stem-like properties, which is responsible for tumour initiation, development and metastasis. The unique biological and functional characteristics of CSCs, widely associated with treatment resistance, indicate an association between metastasis and stemness. It was hypothesised that metastatic cell lines may be enriched in CSCs and that this would correlate with a more resistant tumour. In the present study, the SW480 and SW620 paired cell lines derived from a colon adenocarcinoma and its lymph node metastasis, respectively were compared as an in vitro model of cancer progression. Their chemosensitivity and CSC properties were investigated. A range of in vitro assays were performed, including the side population assay, ALDEFLUOR assay, tumoursphere assay and assessment of CSC-associated surface phenotypes. It was determined that the SW480 and SW620 cells exhibited similar growth rates, although the SW480 cells were more migratory in wound healing assays on collagen and fibronectin matrices. SW480 and SW620 cells displayed similar CSC profiles, however, SW480 cells demosntrated significantly greater tumoursphere forming efficiency over SW620 cells. Tumourspheres derived from SW480 and SW620 cells also displayed differential sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, geldanamycin and novobiocin that was not apparent when cells were grown under adherent conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that although the two cell lines have similar levels of putative CSC populations, there are differences in their biology that cannot be explained by these CSC levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a detailed analysis of the CSC populations using multiple in vitro assays in a paired cell line model. These results have clinical relevance for the understanding of the differences between primary tumours and their metastatic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Slater
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jo-Anne De La Mare
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Jin N, Zhu X, Cheng F, Zhang L. Disulfiram/copper targets stem cell-like ALDH + population of multiple myeloma by inhibition of ALDH1A1 and Hedgehog pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6882-6893. [PMID: 29665144 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma stem cells (MMSCs) have been considered as the major cause resulting in relapse. Eradicating MMSCs may be an effective strategy to improve the outcome of multiple myeloma (MM). Increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found in MMSCs, but whether inhibiting ALDH activity can eliminate MMSCs remains unknown. Disulfiram (DS) has been reported as an inhibitor of ALDH, and increasing studies showed it has anti-cancer effects in a copper (Cu)-dependent manner. In this study, we isolated ALDH+ cells of MM by Aldefluor assay and demonstrated they possessed tumorigenesis capacities in vitro and in vivo. Next, we investigated the effects of DS with or without Cu on suppressing the stemness of MM both in vitro and in vivo. We found that DS/Cu eliminated the stem cell-like ALDH+ cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DS/Cu inhibited the expression of stem cell transcription factors NANOG and OCT4, and abolished the clonogenicity of MM. We also showed that DS/Cu reduced the tumor growth and inhibited stemness of MM in xenograft model. We further found the specific target of DS/Cu is ALDH1A1 and DS/Cu inhibited the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway transcription factors Gli1 and Gli2 regulated by ALDH1A1 at least in part. Our data suggest that DS/Cu can inhibit the ALDH+ stem cell-like cells through ALDH1A1 and Hh pathway, which may be a promising therapeutic agent in eradicating stem cell-like cells of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanjun Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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40
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Testa U, Pelosi E, Castelli G. Colorectal cancer: genetic abnormalities, tumor progression, tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution and tumor-initiating cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E31. [PMID: 29652830 PMCID: PMC6024750 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Most colorectal cancer occurrences are sporadic, not related to genetic predisposition or family history; however, 20-30% of patients with colorectal cancer have a family history of colorectal cancer and 5% of these tumors arise in the setting of a Mendelian inheritance syndrome. In many patients, the development of a colorectal cancer is preceded by a benign neoplastic lesion: either an adenomatous polyp or a serrated polyp. Studies carried out in the last years have characterized the main molecular alterations occurring in colorectal cancers, showing that the tumor of each patient displays from two to eight driver mutations. The ensemble of molecular studies, including gene expression studies, has led to two proposed classifications of colorectal cancers, with the identification of four/five non-overlapping groups. The homeostasis of the rapidly renewing intestinal epithelium is ensured by few stem cells present at the level of the base of intestinal crypts. Various experimental evidence suggests that colorectal cancers may derive from the malignant transformation of intestinal stem cells or of intestinal cells that acquire stem cell properties following malignant transformation. Colon cancer stem cells seem to be involved in tumor chemoresistance, radioresistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Liu M, Di J, Liu Y, Su Z, Jiang B, Wang Z, Su X. Comparison of EpCAM highCD44 + cancer stem cells with EpCAM highCD44 - tumor cells in colon cancer by single-cell sequencing. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:939-947. [PMID: 29580161 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1456605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for tumorigenesis and cancer relapse. EpCAMhighCD44+ tumor cells are putative colorectal CSCs that express high levels of stem cell genes, while the EpCAMhighCD44- population mostly contains differentiated tumor cells (DTCs). This study aims to determine whether single CSC (EpCAMhighCD44+) and DTC (EpCAMhighCD44-) can be distinguished in terms of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). We applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate the CD45-EpCAMhighCD44+ and CD45-EpCAMhighCD44- populations from two primary colon tumors, on which low-coverage single-cell whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was then performed ∼0.1x depth. We compared the SCNAs of the CSCs and DTCs at single-cell resolution. In total, 47 qualified single cells of the two populations underwent WGS. The single-cell SCNA profiles showed that there were obvious SCNAs in both the CSCs and DTCs of each patient, and each patient had a specific copy number alteration pattern. Hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis both showed that the SCNA profiles of CSCs and DTCs from the same patient had similar SCNA pattern, while there were regional differences in the CSCs and DTCs in certain patient. SCNAs of CSCs in the same patient were highly reproducible. Our data suggest that major SCNAs occurred at an early stage and were inherited steadily. The similarity of ubiquitous SCNAs between the CSCs and DTCs might have arisen from lineage differentiation. CSCs from the same patient had reproducible SCNA profiles, indicating that gain or loss in certain chromosome is required for colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- a Biodynamics Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiabo Di
- b Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Liu
- a Biodynamics Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhe Su
- a Biodynamics Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Beihai Jiang
- b Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Zaozao Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangqian Su
- b Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
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42
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Zhang Q, Li XT, Chen Y, Chen JQ, Zhu JY, Meng Y, Wang XQ, Li Y, Geng SS, Xie CF, Wu JS, Zhong CY, Han HY. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the suppressive effects of diallyl trisulfide on colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:969-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Prince MEP, Zhou L, Moyer JS, Tao H, Lu L, Owen J, Etigen M, Zheng F, Chang AE, Xia J, Wolf G, Wicha MS, Huang S, Ren X, Li Q. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of ALDH(high) human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cells in vitro. Oral Oncol 2018; 59:30-42. [PMID: 27424180 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the concept that the antigenicity/immunogenicity of ALDH(high) human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells (CSC) is distinct from that of ALDH(low) non-CSCs. METHODS We generated CSC-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) to sensitize autologous peripheral blood T, B lymphocytes to react with CSCs using human HNSCC samples in vitro. RESULTS From peripheral blood collected from patients with HNSCC, we obtained PBMCs. DCs generated from the PBMC and pulsed with the lysate of ALDH(high) cells isolated from cultured HNSCC cells (CSC-DC) could sensitize autologous T, B lymphocytes in vitro, which was evident by cytokine production, CTL activity, and antibody secretion of these primed T, B cells in response to ALDH(high) CSCs. In contrast, DCs pulsed with lysate of ALDH(low) cells (ALDH(low)-DC) resulted in limited sensitization/priming of autologous T, B lymphocytes to produce IFNγ, GM-CSF; lyse CSCs, and secrete IgM and IgG in response to ALDH(high) CSCs. These results demonstrated significant differences in the antigenicity/immunogenicity between ALDH(high) CSCs vs. ALDH(low) cells isolated from the tumor specimen of patients with HNSCC, which indicates the existence of unique CSC antigens in the ALDH(high) population. CONCLUSION It is feasible to generate DCs from the PBMCs and isolate ALDH(high) CSCs from cultured tumor cells of the patients with HNSCC to prepare CSC-DC vaccines that can induce anti-HNSCC CSC cellular and humoral immunity, indicating its potential clinical application to treat patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E P Prince
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center ,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jeffrey S Moyer
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huimin Tao
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Hubei Province Stem Cell Research & Appling Center, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Lu
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Owen
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin Etigen
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Hubei Province Stem Cell Research & Appling Center, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alfred E Chang
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory Wolf
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiang Huang
- Hubei Province Stem Cell Research & Appling Center, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center ,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Lunasin is a novel therapeutic agent for targeting melanoma cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84128-84141. [PMID: 27566591 PMCID: PMC5356649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide compelling evidence that melanoma is initiated and maintained by a small population of malignant cells called cancer-initiating cells (CICs) that exhibit stem-cell-like properties. Observations that CICs have a distinct biology when compared to that of the bulk tumor cells and, importantly, are resistant to chemotherapies and radiation, suggest that CICs are involved in invasion, metastasis, and ultimately relapse. Lunasin, a bioactive peptide present in soybean, has both chemopreventive activity and chemotherapeutic activity against multiple cancer types. In this study, we tested the potential of Lunasin to specifically target CICs in melanoma tumor cell populations. In vitro studies using human melanoma cell lines showed that Lunasin treatment decreased the size of a subpopulation of melanoma cells expressing the surrogate CIC marker, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, concomitant with a reduction in the ability to form colonies in soft agar assays, and reduced tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Similarly, Lunasin inhibited colony formation by isolated melanoma CICs in soft agar and reduced oncosphere formation in vitro and substantially inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that Lunasin treatment of isolated melanoma CICs induced expression of the melanocyte-associated differentiation markers Tyrosinase and Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor concomitant with reduced expression of the stemness factor NANOG. These findings document for the first time that Lunasin has significant therapeutic activity against melanoma by specifically targeting melanoma CICs, and inducing a more differentiated, non-CIC phenotype. Thus, Lunasin may represent a novel therapeutic option for both chemoresistant and advanced metastatic melanoma management.
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45
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Planque C, Rajabi F, Grillet F, Finetti P, Bertucci F, Gironella M, Lozano JJ, Beucher B, Giraud J, Garambois V, Vincent C, Brown D, Caillo L, Kantar J, Pelegrin A, Prudhomme M, Ripoche J, Bourgaux JF, Ginestier C, Castells A, Hollande F, Pannequin J, Pascussi JM. Pregnane X-receptor promotes stem cell-mediated colon cancer relapse. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56558-56573. [PMID: 27448961 PMCID: PMC5302934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer lethality usually results from post-treatment relapse in the majority of stage II-IV patients, due to the enhanced resistance of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Here, we show that the nuclear receptor Pregnane X Receptor (PXR, NR1I2), behaves as a key driver of CSC-mediated tumor recurrence. First, PXR is specifically expressed in CSCs, where it drives the expression of genes involved in self-renewal and chemoresistance. Clinically, high levels of PXR correlate with poor recurrence-free survival in a cohort of >200 stage II/III colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, for whom finding biomarkers of treatment outcome is an urgent clinical need. shRNA silencing of PXR increased the chemo-sensitivity of human colon CSCs, reduced their self-renewal and tumor-initiating potential, and drastically delayed tumor recurrence in mice following chemotherapy. This study uncovers PXR as a key factor for CSC self-renewal and chemoresistance and targeting PXR thus represents a promising strategy to minimize colorectal cancer relapse by selectively sensitizing CSCs to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Planque
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Grillet
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Beucher
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Giraud
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Charles Vincent
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ludovic Caillo
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jovana Kantar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - André Pelegrin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Ginestier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Antoni Castells
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julie Pannequin
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Marc Pascussi
- CNRS UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1191, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Paschall AV, Yang D, Lu C, Redd PS, Choi JH, Heaton CM, Lee JR, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. CD133+CD24lo defines a 5-Fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78698-78712. [PMID: 27659530 PMCID: PMC5346671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used drug for patients with advanced colon cancer. However, development of resistance to 5-FU is inevitable in almost all patients. The mechanism by which colon cancer develops 5-FU resistance is still unclear. One recently proposed theory is that cancer stem-like cells underlie colon cancer 5-FU resistance, but the phenotypes of 5-FU-resistant colon cancer stem cells are still controversial. We report here that 5-FU treatment selectively enriches a subset of CD133+ colon cancer cells in vitro. 5-FU chemotherapy also increases CD133+ tumor cells in human colon cancer patients. However, sorted CD133+ colon cancer cells exhibit no increased resistance to 5-FU, and CD133 levels exhibit no correlation with colon cancer patient survival or cancer recurrence. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression between sorted CD133+ colon cancer cells and 5-FU-selected colon cancer cells identifies 207 differentially expressed genes. CD24 is one of the genes whose expression level is lower in the CD133+ and 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells as compared to CD133+ and 5-FU-sensitive colon cancer cells. Consequently, CD133+CD24lo cells exhibit decreased sensitivity to 5-FU. Therefore, we determine that CD133+CD24lo phenotype defines 5-FU-resistant human colon cancer stem cell-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Lee
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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47
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Signs SA, Fisher RC, Tran U, Chakrabarti S, Sarvestani SK, Xiang S, Liska D, Roche V, Lai W, Gittleman HR, Wessely O, Huang EH. Stromal miR-20a controls paracrine CXCL8 secretion in colitis and colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13048-13059. [PMID: 29560130 PMCID: PMC5849194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects one million people in the US. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of IBD that can lead to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In UC, the rate of CAC is 3-5-fold greater than the rate of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathogenesis of UC and CAC are due to aberrant interactions between host immune system and microenvironment, but precise mechanisms are still unknown. In colitis and CAC, microenvironmental fibroblasts exhibit an activated, inflammatory phenotype that contributes to tumorigenesis accompanied by excessive secretion of the chemokine CXCL8. However, mechanisms regulating CXCL8 secretion are unclear. Since it is known that miRNAs regulate chemokines such as CXCL8, we queried a microRNA library for mimics affecting CXCL8 secretion. Among the identified microRNAs, miR-20a/b was further investigated as its stromal expression levels inversely correlated with the amounts of CXCL8 secreted and predicted fibroblast tumor-promoting activity. Indeed, miR-20a directly bound to the 3′UTR of CXCL8 mRNA and regulated its expression by translational repression. In vivo co-inoculation studies with CRC stem cells demonstrated that fibroblasts characterized by high miR-20a expression had reduced tumor-promoting activities. These studies reveal that in stromal fibroblasts, miR-20a modulates CXCL8 function, therefore influencing tumor latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Signs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert C Fisher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Uyen Tran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susmita Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shao Xiang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Liska
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Veronique Roche
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Haley R Gittleman
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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48
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Gomez-Casal R, Wang X, Hayashi R, Appella E, Kopelovich L, DeLeo AB. Targeting cancer stem cells with p53 modulators. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45079-45093. [PMID: 27074569 PMCID: PMC5216707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) typically over-express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Thus, ALDHbright tumor cells represent targets for developing novel cancer prevention/treatment interventions. Loss of p53 function is a common genetic event during cancer development wherein small molecular weight compounds (SMWC) that restore p53 function and reverse tumor growth have been identified. Here, we focused on two widely studied p53 SMWC, CP-31398 and PRIMA-1, to target ALDHbright CSC in human breast, endometrial and pancreas carcinoma cell lines expressing mutant or wild type (WT) p53. CP-31398 and PRIMA-1 significantly reduced CSC content and sphere formation by these cell lines in vitro. In addition, these agents were more effective in vitro against CSC compared to cisplatin and gemcitabine, two often-used chemotherapeutic agents. We also tested a combinatorial treatment in methylcholantrene (MCA)-treated mice consisting of p53 SMWC and p53-based vaccines. Yet using survival end-point analysis, no increased efficacy in the presence of either p53 SMWC alone or with vaccine compared to vaccine alone was observed. These results may be due, in part, to the presence of immune cells, such as activated lymphocytes expressing WT p53 at levels comparable to some tumor cells, wherein further increase of p53 expression by p53 SMWC may alter survival of these immune cells and negatively impact an effective immune response. Continuous exposure of mice to MCA may have also interfered with the action of these p53 SMWC, including potential direct interaction with MCA. Nonetheless, the effect of p53 SMWC on CSC and cancer treatment remains of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Gomez-Casal
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert B DeLeo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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49
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells have genetic and functional characteristics that can turn them resistant to standard cancer therapeutic targets. Identification of these cells is challenging and is mostly done by detecting the expression of their antigens in a group of stem cells. Currently, there are a significant number of surface markers available which can detect the cancer stem cells by directly targeting their specific antigens present in cells. These markers possess differential expression patterns and sub-localizations in cancer stem cells when compared to non-neoplastic stem cells and somatic cells. In addition to molecular markers, multiple analytical methods and techniques including functional assays, cell sorting, filtration approaches, and xenotransplantation methods are used to identify cancer stem cells. This chapter will overview the functional significance of cancer stem cells, its biological correlations, specific markers, and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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50
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Wang X, Yu Y, He Y, Cai Q, Gao S, Yao W, Liu Z, Tian Z, Han Q, Wang W, Sun R, Luo Y, Li C. Upregulation of ALDH1B1 promotes tumor progression in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2502-2514. [PMID: 29416787 PMCID: PMC5788655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in childhood and adolescence with poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying tumorigenesis and development of OS is largely unknown. ALDH1B1 has been reported to involve in many kinds of human cancers and functions as an oncogene, but the role of ALDH1B1 in OS has not been investigated comprehensively. In the present study, we aimed to examine clinical value and biological function of ALDH1B1 in OS. Firstly, we investigated the roles of ALDH1B1 on an OS tissue microarray (TMA) as well as two OS cohorts from GEO database. We found that ALDH1B1 was significantly up-regulated in OS tissues and was independently associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, ALDH1B1 silencing could suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and inhibit the growth of xenograft tumor and of OS cells in vivo. Additional, ALDH1B1 knockdown increased the apoptosis rate and lead to cell cycle arrest in G1 stage of OS cell in vitro. More importantly, the inhibition of ALDH1B1 expression could increase the sensitivity of OS cells to chemotherapy, which suggested that ALDH1B1 might be served as a therapeutic target to reverse drug resistance in chemotherapy in OS patients. Taken together, our founding suggested that ALDH1B1 contributes to OS tumor progression and drug resistance, which may represent a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiqing Cai
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Songtao Gao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Weitao Yao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhichao Tian
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Qicai Han
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yonggang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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