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Shen NX, Luo MY, Gu WM, Gong M, Lei HM, Bi L, Wang C, Zhang MC, Zhuang G, Xu L, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Shen Y. GSTO1 aggravates EGFR-TKIs resistance and tumor metastasis via deglutathionylation of NPM1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2024; 43:2504-2516. [PMID: 38969770 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite significantly improved clinical outcomes in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, all patients develop acquired resistance and malignancy on the treatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Understanding the resistance mechanisms is crucial to uncover novel therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment. Here, integrated analysis using RNA-Seq and shRNAs metabolic screening reveals glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) as one of the key metabolic enzymes that is required for EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Aberrant upregulation of GSTO1 confers EGFR-TKIs resistance and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo dependent on its active-site cysteine 32 (C32). Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of GSTO1 restores sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs and synergistically enhances tumoricidal effects. Importantly, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) cysteine 104 is deglutathionylated by GSTO1 through its active C32 site, which leads to activation of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, clinical data illustrates that GSTO1 level is positively correlated with NPM1 level, NF-κB-mediated transcriptions and progression of human lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, our study highlights a novel mechanism of GSTO1 mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance and malignant progression via protein deglutathionylation, and GSTO1/NPM1/AKT/NF-κB axis as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xiang Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming-Yu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei-Ming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Miaomiao Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Min Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mo-Cong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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2
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Rebak AS, Hendriks IA, Elsborg JD, Buch-Larsen SC, Nielsen CH, Terslev L, Kirsch R, Damgaard D, Doncheva NT, Lennartsson C, Rykær M, Jensen LJ, Christophorou MA, Nielsen ML. A quantitative and site-specific atlas of the citrullinome reveals widespread existence of citrullination and insights into PADI4 substrates. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:977-995. [PMID: 38321148 PMCID: PMC11189309 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of citrullination in physiology and disease, global identification of citrullinated proteins, and the precise targeted sites, has remained challenging. Here we employed quantitative-mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to generate a comprehensive atlas of citrullination sites within the HL60 leukemia cell line following differentiation into neutrophil-like cells. We identified 14,056 citrullination sites within 4,008 proteins and quantified their regulation upon inhibition of the citrullinating enzyme PADI4. With this resource, we provide quantitative and site-specific information on thousands of PADI4 substrates, including signature histone marks and transcriptional regulators. Additionally, using peptide microarrays, we demonstrate the potential clinical relevance of certain identified sites, through distinct reactivities of antibodies contained in synovial fluid from anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative people with rheumatoid arthritis. Collectively, we describe the human citrullinome at a systems-wide level, provide a resource for understanding citrullination at the mechanistic level and link the identified targeted sites to rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Rebak
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivo A Hendriks
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas D Elsborg
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara C Buch-Larsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Terslev
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Kirsch
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Lennartsson
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Rykær
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars J Jensen
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Feng Q, Guo Q, Yu W, Li P, Yao C, Wang L, Song G. PADI4 negatively regulates RIG-I-mediated antiviral response through deacetylation of IFN-β promoter via HDAC1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167092. [PMID: 38382623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The production of type I interferon (IFN) is precisely modulated by host to protect against viral infection efficiently without obvious immune disorders. Elucidating the tight control towards type I IFN production would be helpful to get insight into natural immunity and inflammatory diseases. As yet, however, the mechanisms that regulate IFN-β production, especially the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, remain poorly explored. This study elucidated the potential function of Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs)-mediated citrullination in innate immunity. We identified PADI4, a PADIs family member that can act as an epigenetic coactivator, could repress IFN-β production upon RNA virus infection. Detailed experiments showed that PADI4 deficiency increased IFN-β production and promoted antiviral immune activities against RNA viruses. Mechanistically, the increased PADI4 following viral infection translocated to nucleus and recruited HDAC1 upon binding to Ifnb1 promoter, which then led to the deacetylation of histone H3 and histone H4 for repressing Ifnb1 transcription. Taken together, we identify a novel non-classical role for PADI4 in the regulation of IFN-β production, suggesting its potential as treatment target in inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Feng
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Weijie Yu
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China.
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4
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Indeglia A, Murphy ME. Elucidating the chain of command: our current understanding of critical target genes for p53-mediated tumor suppression. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 59:128-138. [PMID: 38661126 PMCID: PMC11209770 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2344465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
TP53 encodes a transcription factor that is centrally-involved in several pathways, including the control of metabolism, the stress response, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, programmed cell death, and others. Since the discovery of TP53 as the most frequently-mutated tumor suppressor gene in cancer over four decades ago, the field has focused on uncovering target genes of this transcription factor that are essential for tumor suppression. This search has been fraught with red herrings, however. Dozens of p53 target genes were discovered that had logical roles in tumor suppression, but subsequent data showed that most were not tumor suppressive, and were dispensable for p53-mediated tumor suppression. In this review, we focus on p53 transcriptional targets in two categories: (1) canonical targets like CDKN1A (p21) and BBC3 (PUMA), which clearly play critical roles in p53-mediated cell cycle arrest/senescence and cell death, but which are not mutated in cancer, and for which knockout mice fail to develop spontaneous tumors; and (2) a smaller category of recently-described p53 target genes that are mutated in human cancer, and which appear to be critical for tumor suppression by p53. Interestingly, many of these genes encode proteins that control broad cellular pathways, like splicing and protein degradation, and several of them encode proteins that feed back to regulate p53. These include ZMAT3, GLS2, PADI4, ZBXW7, RFX7, and BTG2. The findings from these studies provide a more complex, but exciting, potential framework for understanding the role of p53 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Indeglia
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia PA 19104
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA 19104
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5
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Carter T, Valenzuela RK, Yerukala Sathipati S, Medina-Flores R. Gene signatures associated with prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma treated with temozolomide. Front Genet 2023; 14:1320789. [PMID: 38259614 PMCID: PMC10802164 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1320789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis remains extremely poor despite standard treatment that includes temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. To discover new GBM drug targets and biomarkers, genes signatures associated with survival and TMZ resistance in GBM patients treated with TMZ were identified. Methods: GBM cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas who received TMZ (n = 221) were stratified into subgroups that differed by median overall survival (mOS) using network-based stratification to cluster patients whose somatic mutations affected genes in similar modules of a gene interaction network. Gene signatures formed from differentially mutated genes in the subgroup with the longest mOS were used to confirm their association with survival and TMZ resistance in independent datasets. Somatic mutations in these genes also were assessed for an association with OS in an independent group of 37 GBM cases. Results: Among the four subgroups identified, subgroup four (n = 71 subjects) exhibited the longest mOS at 18.3 months (95% confidence interval: 16.2, 34.1; p = 0.0324). Subsets of the 86 genes that were differentially mutated in this subgroup formed 20-gene and 8-gene signatures that predicted OS in two independent datasets (Spearman's rho of 0.64 and 0.58 between actual and predicted OS; p < 0.001). Patients with mutations in five of the 86 genes had longer OS in a small, independent sample of 37 GBM cases, but this association did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Thirty-one of the 86 genes formed signatures that distinguished TMZ-resistant GBM samples from controls in three independent datasets (area under the curve ≥ 0.75). The prognostic and TMZ-resistance signatures had eight genes in common (ANG, BACH1, CDKN2C, HMGA1, IFI16, PADI4, SDF4, and TP53INP1). The latter three genes have not been associated with GBM previously. Conclusion: PADI4, SDF4, and TP53INP1 are novel therapy and biomarker candidates for GBM. Further investigation of their oncologic functions may provide new insight into GBM treatment resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Carter
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Robert K. Valenzuela
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | | | - Rafael Medina-Flores
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, United States
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6
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Indeglia A, Leung JC, Miller SA, Leu JIJ, Dougherty JF, Clarke NL, Kirven NA, Shao C, Ke L, Lovell S, Barnoud T, Lu DY, Lin C, Kannan T, Battaile KP, Yang THL, Batista Oliva I, Claiborne DT, Vogel P, Liu L, Liu Q, Nefedova Y, Cassel J, Auslander N, Kossenkov AV, Karanicolas J, Murphy ME. An African-Specific Variant of TP53 Reveals PADI4 as a Regulator of p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1696-1719. [PMID: 37140445 PMCID: PMC10326602 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, yet key target genes for p53-mediated tumor suppression remain unidentified. Here, we characterize a rare, African-specific germline variant of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain Tyr107His (Y107H). Nuclear magnetic resonance and crystal structures reveal that Y107H is structurally similar to wild-type p53. Consistent with this, we find that Y107H can suppress tumor colony formation and is impaired for the transactivation of only a small subset of p53 target genes; this includes the epigenetic modifier PADI4, which deiminates arginine to the nonnatural amino acid citrulline. Surprisingly, we show that Y107H mice develop spontaneous cancers and metastases and that Y107H shows impaired tumor suppression in two other models. We show that PADI4 is itself tumor suppressive and that it requires an intact immune system for tumor suppression. We identify a p53-PADI4 gene signature that is predictive of survival and the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE We analyze the African-centric Y107H hypomorphic variant and show that it confers increased cancer risk; we use Y107H in order to identify PADI4 as a key tumor-suppressive p53 target gene that contributes to an immune modulation signature and that is predictive of cancer survival and the success of immunotherapy. See related commentary by Bhatta and Cooks, p. 1518. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Indeglia
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica C. Leung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sven A. Miller
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia I-Ju Leu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James F. Dougherty
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole L. Clarke
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole A. Kirven
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chunlei Shao
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Ke
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Lovell
- Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Y. Lu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cindy Lin
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Tyler Hong Loong Yang
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabela Batista Oliva
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel T. Claiborne
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lijun Liu
- Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Qin Liu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Program in Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel Cassel
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noam Auslander
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen E. Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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8
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Araujo-Abad S, Neira JL, Rizzuti B, García-Morales P, de Juan Romero C, Santofimia-Castaño P, Iovanna J. Intrinsically Disordered Chromatin Protein NUPR1 Binds to the Enzyme PADI4. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168033. [PMID: 36858171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is an intrinsically disordered protein involved in stress-mediated cellular conditions. Its paralogue nuclear protein 1-like (NUPR1L) is p53-regulated, and its expression down-regulates that of the NUPR1 gene. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) is an isoform of a family of enzymes catalyzing arginine to citrulline conversion; it is also involved in stress-mediated cellular conditions. We characterized the interaction between NUPR1 and PADI4 in vitro, in silico, and in cellulo. The interaction of NUPR1 and PADI4 occurred with a dissociation constant of 18 ± 6 μM. The binding region of NUPR1, mapped by NMR, was a hydrophobic polypeptide patch surrounding the key residue Ala33, as pinpointed by: (i) computational results; and, (ii) site-directed mutagenesis of residues of NUPR1. The association between PADI4 and wild-type NUPR1 was also assessed in cellulo by using proximity ligation assays (PLAs) and immunofluorescence (IF), and it occurred mainly in the nucleus. Moreover, binding between NUPR1L and PADI4 also occurred in vitro with an affinity similar to that of NUPR1. Molecular modelling provided information on the binding hot spot for PADI4. This is an example of a disordered partner of PADI4, whereas its other known interacting proteins are well-folded. Altogether, our results suggest that the NUPR1/PADI4 complex could have crucial functions in modulating DNA-repair, favoring metastasis, or facilitating citrullination of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Araujo-Abad
- IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado s/n, Loja, 110111 Loja, Ecuador
| | - José L Neira
- IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems - Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems - Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Camino de Juan Romero
- IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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9
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Na J, Lee CH, Chung JK, Youn H. Overexpression of Both Human Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) and BRG1-Bromodomain Synergistically Enhances Radioiodine Sensitivity by Stabilizing p53 through NPM1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032761. [PMID: 36769088 PMCID: PMC9917390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved therapeutic strategies are required to minimize side effects associated with radioiodine gene therapy to avoid unnecessary damage to normal cells and radiation-induced secondary malignancies. We previously reported that codon-optimized sodium iodide symporter (oNIS) enhances absorption of I-131 and that the brahma-associated gene 1 bromodomain (BRG1-BRD) causes inefficient DNA damage repair after high-energy X-ray therapy. To increase the therapeutic effect without applying excessive radiation, we considered the combination of oNIS and BRG1-BRD as gene therapy for the most effective radioiodine treatment. The antitumor effect of I-131 with oNIS or oNIS+BRD expression was examined by tumor xenograft models along with functional assays at the cellular level. The synergistic effect of both BRG1-BRD and oNIS gene overexpression resulted in more DNA double-strand breaks and led to reduced cell proliferation/survival rates after I-131 treatment, which was mediated by the p53/p21 pathway. We found increased p53, p21, and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) in oNIS- and BRD-expressing cells following I-131 treatment, even though the remaining levels of citrulline and protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) were unchanged at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +44-1752-431038 (J.N.); +82-2-3668-7026 (H.Y.)
| | - Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +44-1752-431038 (J.N.); +82-2-3668-7026 (H.Y.)
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10
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Zhu C, Liu C, Chai Z. Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115794. [PMID: 37020554 PMCID: PMC10067674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADI) family is a calcium ion-dependent group of isozymes with sequence similarity that catalyze the citrullination of proteins. Histones can serve as the target substrate of PADI family isozymes, and therefore, the PADI family is involved in NETosis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the PADI family is associated with the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancer, reproductive development, and other related diseases. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of the PADI family in the pathogenesis of various diseases based on studies from the past decade to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
| | - Zhengbin Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
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11
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Zhu D, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. PAD4 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2414. [PMID: 36365233 PMCID: PMC9699117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic spread of malignancies and the risk of cancer-associated thrombosis are major clinical challenges in cancer therapy worldwide. As an important post-translational modification enzyme, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) could mediate the citrullination of protein in different components (including nucleus and cytoplasm, etc.) of a variety of cells (tumor cells, neutrophils, macrophages, etc.), thus participating in gene regulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and macrophage extracellular trap (MET). Thereby, PAD4 plays an important role in enhancing the growth of primary tumors and facilitating the distant metastasis of cancer cells. In addition, it is related to the formation of cancer-associated thrombosis. Therefore, the development of PAD4-specific inhibitors may be a promising strategy for treating cancer, and it may improve patient prognosis. In this review, we describe PAD4 involvement in gene regulation, protein citrullination, and NET formation. We also discuss its potential role in cancer and cancer-associated thrombosis, and we summarize the development and application of PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
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12
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Luo X, Chang S, Xiao S, Peng Y, Gao Y, Hu F, Liang J, Xu Y, Du K, Chen Y, Qin J, Meltzer SJ, Deng S, Feng X, Fan X, Hou G, Jin Z, Zhang X. PAD4-dependent citrullination of nuclear translocation of GSK3β promotes colorectal cancer progression via the degradation of nuclear CDKN1A. Neoplasia 2022; 33:100835. [PMID: 36113195 PMCID: PMC9483803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), a Ca2+-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of arginine to citrulline and has been strongly associated with many malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms of PAD4 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclearly defined. In our study, PAD4 expression was increased in CRC tissues and cells, and was closely related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the transcription factor KLF9 directly bound to PADI4 gene promoter, leading to overexpression of PAD4 in CRC cells, which augmented cell growth and migration. We revealed that PAD4 interacted with and citrullinated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in CRC cells, and GSK3β Arg-344 was the dominating PAD4-citrullination site. Furthermore, IgL2 and catalytic domains of PAD4 directly bound to the kinase domain of GSK3β in CRC cells. Mechanistically, PAD4 promoted the transport of GSK3β from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby increasing the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation of nuclear cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A). Our study is the first to reveal the details of a critical PAD4/GSK3β/CDKN1A signaling axis for CRC progression, and provides evidence that PAD4 is a potential diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxue Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaining Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiequan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Department of Medicine/GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Ki-mmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiqi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianling Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Medical Image Center, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Bhat S, Rishi P, Chadha VD. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in SARS CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic approaches. Virus Res 2022; 318:198853. [PMID: 35777502 PMCID: PMC9236910 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) has inflicted a global health challenge. Although the overwhelming escalation of mortality seen during the initial phase of the pandemic has reduced, emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to impact communities worldwide. Several studies have highlighted the association of gene specific epigenetic modifications in host cells with the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. Therefore, alongside the investigations into the virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms related to the disease is crucial for the rational design of effective targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the various epigenetic regulators and their subsequent contribution to the risk of disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses. Finally, we also highlight the use of epigenetically targeted drugs for the potential therapeutic interventions capable of eliminating viral infection and/or build effective immunity against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhat
- Center for Nuclear Medicine (U.I.E.A.S.T), South Campus, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- Center for Nuclear Medicine (U.I.E.A.S.T), South Campus, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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14
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Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang N, Song X, Song Y, Cai D, Fang K, Chang X. Anti-PADI4 antibody suppresses breast cancer by repressing the citrullinated fibronectin in the tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Role of Citrullinated Collagen in Autoimmune Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179833. [PMID: 36077232 PMCID: PMC9456437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination of proteins plays an important role in protein function and it has recently become clear that citrullinated proteins play a role in immune responses. In this study we examined how citrullinated collagen, an extracellular matrix protein, affects T-cell function during the development of autoimmune arthritis. Using an HLA-DR1 transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, mice were treated intraperitoneally with either native type I collagen (CI), citrullinated CI (cit-CI), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) prior to induction of autoimmune arthritis. While the mice given native CI had significantly less severe arthritis than controls administered PBS, mice receiving cit-CI had no decrease in the severity of autoimmune arthritis. Using Jurkat cells expressing the inhibitory receptor leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), Western blot analysis indicated that while CI and cit-CI bound to LAIR-1 with similar affinity, only CI induced phosphorylation of the LAIR ITIM tyrosines; cit-CI was ineffective. These data suggest that cit-CI acts as an antagonist of LAIR-1 signaling, and that the severity of autoimmune arthritis can effectively be altered by targeting T cells with citrullinated collagen.
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16
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Young C, Russell JR, Van De Lagemaat LN, Lawson H, Mapperley C, Kranc KR, Christophorou MA. Intrinsic function of the peptidylarginine deiminase PADI4 is dispensable for normal haematopoiesis. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059143. [PMID: 35603697 PMCID: PMC9212077 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) are strongly associated with the development of autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and cancer but their physiological roles are ill-defined. The nuclear deiminase PADI4 regulates pluripotency in the mammalian pre-implantation embryo but its function in tissue development is unknown. PADI4 is primarily expressed in the bone marrow, as part of a self-renewal-associated gene signature. It has been shown to regulate the proliferation of multipotent haematopoietic progenitors and proposed to impact on the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), suggesting that it controls haematopoietic development or regeneration. Using conditional in vivo models of steady state and acute Padi4 ablation, we examined the role of PADI4 in the development and function of the haematopoietic system. We found that PADI4 loss does not significantly affect HSC self-renewal or differentiation potential upon injury or serial transplantation, nor does it lead to HSC exhaustion or premature ageing. Thus PADI4 is dispensable for cell-autonomous HSC maintenance, differentiation and haematopoietic regeneration. This work represents the first study of PADI4 in tissue development and indicates that pharmacological PADI4 inhibition may be tolerated without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Russell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Louie N. Van De Lagemaat
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Mapperley
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil R. Kranc
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Christophorou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Epiegetics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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17
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Inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers: are they the culprit to rheumatoid arthritis pain? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10077-10090. [PMID: 35699858 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prolonged inflammatory disease resulting from autoimmune reactions that leads to local and systemic bone erosion, joint defects and functional impairment. Although the inflammation is subsided through the prescription of anti-inflammatory therapeutics, the patients persistently complained of sleepless nights due to flare pain. This indicates the possible contribution of other pathways besides inflammation in leading to RA pain. This review aims to uncover the roles and involvement of several inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers in facilitating pain transmission and processing during the pathogenesis of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review focused on the reports from the previous literature based on the search string of "apoptotic marker AND inflammation AND 'chronic pain' OR 'neuropathic pain' and apoptosis AND 'rheumatoid arthritis' OR arthritis from the databases including Science Direct and Scopus, considering the exclusion criteria of the published abstracts, proceedings or articles on other neuropathic pain types such as painful bowel syndrom, insterstitial cystitis, fibrosis and so on. RESULTS Several studies in the literature demonstrate a close association between imbalanced apoptotic regulations and an increased number of synovial fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in RA. Cell death or specific cell survival has been linked with increased central hypersensitivity in various types of chronic and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION The RA-related flare pain is possibly contributed by the abnormal regulation of apoptosis through several inflammatory-related pathways, and further studies need to modulate these pathways for the putative anti-nociceptive benefits.
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18
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Sarnik J, Makowska J. Citrullination good or bad guy? Immunobiology 2022; 227:152233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yasuda T, Tahara K, Sawada T. Detection of salivary citrullinated cytokeratin 13 in healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis by proteomics analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265687. [PMID: 35320820 PMCID: PMC8942274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to citrullinated peptides in the mucosa has been suggested to play an important role in the transition from pre-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to clinically evident RA. Although there are reports indicating the presence of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies in the saliva, few studies have reported citrullinated peptide detection in human saliva. This study aimed to identify citrullinated peptides in human saliva and discuss their clinical significance. Saliva samples were collected from 11 patients with RA and from 20 healthy individuals. Citrullinated peptides were detected using an anti-modified citrulline (AMC) antibody. Saliva from the healthy individuals was subjected to two-dimensional protein electrophoresis to isolate citrullinated peptides, which were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry by peptide mass fingerprinting. The results were corroborated by immunoprecipitation (IP)-western blotting. The signal intensities of the bands precipitated with anti-cytokeratin 13 (CK13) and AMC antibodies were quantified. The signal intensity ratio of the band produced by the AMC antibody was divided by that of the band produced by the anti-CK13 antibody to calculate the citrullinated CK13 (Cit-CK13) ratio. A citrullinated peptide band corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa was detected in the saliva of healthy individuals, and identified as CK13 via mass spectrometry and IP-western blotting. No significant difference was observed between the salivary Cit-CK13 ratios of patients with RA and healthy participants (p = 0.605). This is the first study to show that Cit-CK13 is present in human saliva, and that there is no significant difference between the Cit-CK13 ratios of patients with RA and healthy individuals, suggesting that salivary Cit-CK13 content and RA development may not be associated. The physiological and pathological roles of Cit-CK13 in the oral cavity, and its responsiveness to mucosal immunity, remain unknown and will be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tahara
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Li Z, Wang B, Yu Q, Shi Y, Li L. 12-Plex DiLeu Isobaric Labeling Enabled High-Throughput Investigation of Citrullination Alterations in the DNA Damage Response. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3074-3081. [PMID: 35129972 PMCID: PMC9055876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein citrullination is a key post-translational modification (PTM) that leads to the loss of positive charge on arginine and consequent protein structural and functional changes. Though it has been indicated to play critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes, effective analytical tools are largely limited due to a few challenges such as the small mass shift induced by this PTM and its low-abundance nature. Recently, we developed a biotin thiol tag, which enabled large-scale profiling of protein citrullination from complex biological samples via mass spectrometry. However, a high-throughput quantitative approach is still in great need to further improve the understanding of this PTM. In this study, we report an efficient pipeline using our custom-developed N,N-dimethyl leucine isobaric tags to achieve a multiplexed quantitative analysis of citrullination from up to 12 samples for the first time. We then apply this strategy to investigating citrullination alterations in response to DNA damage stress using human cell lines. We unveil important biological functions regulated by protein citrullination and observe hypercitrullination on RNA-binding proteins and DNA repair proteins, respectively. Our results reveal the involvement of citrullination in DNA damage pathways and may provide new insights into DNA-damage-related disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Qinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States,Corresponding Author: . Phone: +1-608-265-8491. Fax: +1-608-262-5345
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21
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Choudhury RH, Symonds P, Paston SJ, Daniels I, Cook KW, Gijon M, Metheringham RL, Brentville VA, Durrant LG. PAD-2-mediated citrullination of nucleophosmin provides an effective target for tumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003526. [PMID: 35140112 PMCID: PMC8830261 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymatic conversion of arginine to citrulline is involved in gene and protein regulation and in alerting the immune system to stressed cells, including tumor cells. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nuclear protein that plays key roles in cellular metabolism including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA processing and chromatin remodeling and is regulated by citrullination. In this study, we explored if the same citrullinated arginines within NPM are involved in gene regulation and immune activation. METHODS HLA-DP4 and HLA-DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with 22 citrullinated NPM overlapping peptides and immune responses to the peptides were assessed by ex vivo ELISpot assays. Antitumor immunity of NPM targeted vaccination was assessed by challenging transgenic mice with B16F1 HHDII/iDP4, B16F1 HHDII/PAD2KOcDP4, B16F1 HHDII and Lewis lung carcinoma cells/cDP4 cells subcutaneously. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with NPM266-285cit peptides with/without CD45RO+memory cell depletion to assess if the responses in human were naïve or memory. RESULTS In contrast to NPM regulation, which is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD4) citrullination of arginine at position 197, only citrullinated NPM266-285 peptide induced a citrulline-specific CD4 T cell response in transgenic mice models expressing human HLA-DP4 or HLA-DR4. Vaccinations with the NPM266-285cit peptide stimulated antitumor responses that resulted in dramatic tumor therapy, greatly improved survival, and protected against rechallenge without further vaccination. The antitumor response was lost if MHCII expression on the tumor cells was knocked out demonstrating direct presentation of the NPM266-285cit epitope in tumors. This antitumor response was lost in B16 tumors lacking PAD2 enzyme indicating NPM266cit is citrullinated by PAD2 in this model. Assessment of the T cell repertoire in healthy individuals and patients with lung cancer also showed CD4 T cells that respond to NPM266-285cit. The proliferative CD4 responses displayed a Th1 profile as they were accompanied with increased IFNγ and granzyme B expression. Depletion of CD45RO+ memory cells prior to stimulation suggested that responses originated from a naïve population in healthy donors. CONCLUSION This study indicates PAD2 can citrullinate the nuclear antigen NPM at position 277 which can be targeted by CD4 T cells for antitumor therapy. This is distinct from PAD4 citrullination of arginine 197 within NPM which results in its transport from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK .,University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK
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22
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Yu K, Proost P. Insights into peptidylarginine deiminase expression and citrullination pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:746-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Cummings TFM, Gori K, Sanchez-Pulido L, Gavriilidis G, Moi D, Wilson AR, Murchison E, Dessimoz C, Ponting CP, Christophorou MA. Citrullination Was Introduced into Animals by Horizontal Gene Transfer from Cyanobacteria. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6420225. [PMID: 34730808 PMCID: PMC8826395 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications add great sophistication to biological systems. Citrullination, a key regulatory mechanism in human physiology and pathophysiology, is enigmatic from an evolutionary perspective. Although the citrullinating enzymes peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) are ubiquitous across vertebrates, they are absent from yeast, worms, and flies. Based on this distribution PADIs were proposed to have been horizontally transferred, but this has been contested. Here, we map the evolutionary trajectory of PADIs into the animal lineage. We present strong phylogenetic support for a clade encompassing animal and cyanobacterial PADIs that excludes fungal and other bacterial homologs. The animal and cyanobacterial PADI proteins share functionally relevant primary and tertiary synapomorphic sequences that are distinct from a second PADI type present in fungi and actinobacteria. Molecular clock calculations and sequence divergence analyses using the fossil record estimate the last common ancestor of the cyanobacterial and animal PADIs to be less than 1 billion years old. Additionally, under an assumption of vertical descent, PADI sequence change during this evolutionary time frame is anachronistically low, even when compared with products of likely endosymbiont gene transfer, mitochondrial proteins, and some of the most highly conserved sequences in life. The consilience of evidence indicates that PADIs were introduced from cyanobacteria into animals by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The ancestral cyanobacterial PADI is enzymatically active and can citrullinate eukaryotic proteins, suggesting that the PADI HGT event introduced a new catalytic capability into the regulatory repertoire of animals. This study reveals the unusual evolution of a pleiotropic protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F M Cummings
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Kevin Gori
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Sanchez-Pulido
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gavriil Gavriilidis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Moi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abigail R Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Dessimoz
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Christophorou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Epigenetics Department, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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24
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Peptidylarginine deiminases 4 as a promising target in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113840. [PMID: 34520958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deaminase 4 (PAD4) is a crucial post-translational modifying enzyme catalyzing the conversion of arginine into citrulline residues, and mediating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PAD4 plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and various tumors. Therefore, PAD4 is considered as a promising drug target for disease diagnosis and treatment. More and more efforts are devoted to developing highly efficient and selective PAD4 inhibitors via high-throughput screening, structure-based drug design and structure-activity relationship study. This article outlined the physiological and pathological functions of PAD4, and corresponding representative small molecule inhibitors reported in recent years.
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25
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Abstract
As the main protein components of chromatin, histones play central roles in gene regulation as spools of winding DNA. Histones are subject to various modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination and citrullination, which affect gene transcription. Histone citrullination, a posttranscriptional modification catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, is involved in human carcinogenesis. In this study, we highlighted the functions of histone citrullination in physiological regulation and tumors. Additionally, because histone citrullination involves forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the relationship between NETs and tumors was illustrated. Finally, the clinical application of histone citrullination and PAD inhibitors was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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26
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Chen H, Luo M, Wang X, Liang T, Huang C, Huang C, Wei L. Inhibition of PAD4 enhances radiosensitivity and inhibits aggressive phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:9. [PMID: 33726680 PMCID: PMC7962337 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor deriving from nasopharyngeal epithelium. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a vital mediator of histone citrullination and plays an essential role in regulating disease process. Radiotherapy is an essential method to treat NPC. In this research, we explored the effect of PAD4 on NPC radiosensitivity. METHODS We enrolled 50 NPC patients, established mice xenograft model, and purchased cell lines for this study. Statistical analysis and a series of experiments including RT-qPCR, clonogenic survival, EdU, Transwell, and wound healing assays were done. RESULTS Our data manifested that PAD4 (mRNA and protein) presented a high expression in NPC tissues and cells. GSK484, an inhibitor of PAD4, could inhibit activity of PAD4 in NPC cell lines. PAD4 overexpression promoted the radioresistance, survival, migration, and invasion of NPC cells, whereas treatment of GSK484 exerted inhibitory effects on radioresistance and aggressive phenotype of NPC cells. Additionally, GSK484 could attenuate the effect of PAD4 of NPC cell progression. More importantly, we found that GSK484 significantly inhibited tumor size, tumor weight and tumor volume in mice following irradiation. CONCLUSIONS PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 attenuated the radioresistance and cellular progression in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjie Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lining Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, No.13 Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China.
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27
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Xue T, Liu X, Zhang M, E Q, Liu S, Zou M, Li Y, Ma Z, Han Y, Thompson P, Zhang X. PADI2-Catalyzed MEK1 Citrullination Activates ERK1/2 and Promotes IGF2BP1-Mediated SOX2 mRNA Stability in Endometrial Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002831. [PMID: 33747724 PMCID: PMC7967072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase II (PADI2) converts positively charged arginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been associated with the onset and progression of multiple cancers. However, a role for PADI2 in endometrial cancer (EC) has not been previously explored. This study demonstrates that PADI2 is positively associated with EC proregression. Mechanistically, PADI2 interacting and catalyzing MEK1 citrullination at arginine 113/189 facilitates MEK1 on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which activates insulin-like growth factor-II binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) expression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA stability analyses reveal that IGF2BP1 binds to the m6A sites in SOX2-3'UTR to prevent SOX2 mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of IGF2BP1 by PADI2/MEK1/ERK signaling results in abnormal accumulation of oncogenic SOX2 expression, therefore supporting the malignant state of EC. Finally, PADI2 gene silencing, inhibiting MEK1 citrullination by PADI2 inhibitor, or mutation of MEK1 R113/189 equally inhibits EC progression. These data demonstrate that PADI2-catalyzed MEK1 R113/189 citrullination is a critical diver for EC malignancies and suggest that targeting PADI2/MEK1 can be a potential therapeutic approach in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu ProvinceDepartment of MicrobiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Qiukai E
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Maosheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of ObstetricsDalian Municipal Maternal and Infant Health Care HospitalDalianLiaoning116000China
| | - Zhinan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYangzhou Maternal and Child Health HospitalYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu226001China
| | - Paul Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
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28
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most significant public health threats in recent history and has impacted the lives of almost everyone worldwide. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, including expression levels of viral receptor ACE2, expression of cytokine genes as part of the host immune response, and the implication of various histone modifications in several aspects of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 proteins physically associate with many different host proteins over the course of infection, and notably there are several interactions between viral proteins and epigenetic enzymes such as HDACs and bromodomain-containing proteins as shown by correlation-based studies. The many contributions of epigenetic mechanisms to the viral life cycle and the host immune response to infection have resulted in epigenetic factors being identified as emerging biomarkers for COVID-19, and project epigenetic modifiers as promising therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19. This review article highlights the major epigenetic pathways at play during COVID-19 disease and discusses ongoing clinical trials that will hopefully contribute to slowing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwik Sen
- Active Motif, Incorporated, 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Michael Garbati
- Active Motif, Incorporated, 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Kevin Bryant
- Active Motif, Incorporated, 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Yanan Lu
- Active Motif, Incorporated, 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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29
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Zhai Q, Zhao Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Zhao P, Xiang X, Liu K, Du W, Tian W, Yang B, Li T, Wang L. CircRNA hsa_circ_0008500 Acts as a miR-1301-3p Sponge to Promote Osteoblast Mineralization by Upregulating PADI4. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602731. [PMID: 33363159 PMCID: PMC7759526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regarded as pivotal regulators in bone metabolism. However, the role of circRNAs in osteoblast mineralization remains largely unknown. Herein, we explored the expression profiles of circRNAs in 4 groups of osteoblasts with varying mineralization processes. Hsa_circ_0008500 (circ8500), which is upregulated in the RNA-seq data, is sifted through 194 candidate circRNAs in osteoblasts during mineralization. We characterize the features of novel circRNAs and find that the elevated expression of circ8500 promotes osteoblast mineralization. Mechanistically, circ8500 contains a critical binding site for miR-1301-3p. We further show that circ8500 competitively binds miR-1301-3p to abolish its suppressive effect on peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4). PADI4 works as a binding partner of RUNX2 and stabilizes its protein expression levels by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This work provides new insights on the circRNA patterns in osteoblasts and the role of PADI4 in matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhai
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Dai
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Xinxin Xiang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Wenyan Du
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Wenxiu Tian
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Baoye Yang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong University, Zibo, China
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30
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Wei L, Wang X, Luo M, Wang H, Chen H, Huang C. The PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 enhances the radiosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1074-1083. [PMID: 33355008 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10-20% of all breast cancers and is one of the leading causes of mortality among females. Radiotherapy is essential during the treatment of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) inhibitor can alleviate the development of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, through inhibiting cell proliferation. GSK484 is considered to be a highly potent PAD4-selective inhibitors. However, the potential role and mechanism of GSK484 in TNBC remain unclear. In this study, we intended to explore the effects of GSK484 on the radiosensitivity of TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and BT-549). We found that the pretreatment of GSK484 enhanced irradiation (IR)-induced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Besides, our findings revealed that GSK484 facilitated TNBC cell apoptosis. IR treatment-induced increase of the protein level of ATG5 and ATG7, and decrease of p62 protein level were countervailed by GSK484. In addition, GSK484 enhanced DNA damage induced by IR. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combined treatment of IR and GSK484 showed an obvious decline of tumor growth in contrast to IR-alone or GSK484-alone treatment. Overall, GSK484 may serve as a radiosensitizer of TNBC through inhibiting IR-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Wei
- Department of Endoscopy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjie Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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31
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wang Z, Li L, Chen P. PADs in cancer: Current and future. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188492. [PMID: 33321174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs), is a group of calcium-dependent enzymes, which play crucial roles in citrullination, and can catalyze arginine residues into citrulline. This chemical reaction induces citrullinated proteins formation with altered structure and function, leading to numerous pathological diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To date, multiple studies have provided solid evidence that PADs are implicated in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the findings on PADs functions in tumors are too complex to understand due to its involvements in variable signaling pathways. The increasing interest in PADs has heightened the need for a comprehensive description for its role in cancer. The present study aims to identify the gaps in present knowledge, including its structures, biological substrates and tissue distribution. Since several irreversible inhibitors for PADs with good potency and selectivity have been explored, the mechanisms on the dysregulation in tumors remain poorly understood. The present study discusses the relationship between PADs and tumor apoptosis, EMT formation and metastasis as well as the implication of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumorigenesis. In addition, the potential uses of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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32
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Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang T, Ma Y, Guo W. Down-regulation of PADI2 prevents proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo, alone or in combination with Olaparib. J Transl Med 2020; 18:357. [PMID: 32951601 PMCID: PMC7504643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal disease among female genital malignant tumors. Peptidylarginine deiminase type II(PADI II) has been shown to enhance a variety of cancers carcinogenesis, including ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role of PADI2 in ovarian cancer (OC) and the relative mechanism. Methods Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) (https://gepia.pku.cn/) and ONCOMINE (https://www.oncomine.org/) were used to analyze PADI2 Gene Expression data. The survival curve for the PADI2 gene was generated by using the online Kaplan–Meier mapping site (https://www.kmplot.com/). We conducted MTT assay, cloning formation assay and EdU cell proliferation assay to detect the cell activity of PADI2 knockdown A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells treated with Olaparib. Cell migration and invasion were observed by would healing and transwell assay. The pathway changes after the treatment of PADI2 were detected by transcriptome sequencing and western blot. The role of PADI2 combined with Olaparib treatment in vivo was studied in nude mouse model bearing ovarian cancer tumor. Results We investigated the role of PADI2 on EOC in vitro and in vivo. PADI2 was upregulated in ovarian cancer samples and high PADI2 expression was correlated with poor outcome. Downregulating PADI2 suppressed colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, downregulating PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment attenuated the viability, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells. We identified differentially expressed genes in A2780-shPADI2 and SKOV3-shPADI2 cell by transcriptome sequencing analysis and verified that downregulating PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment suppresses EMT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in A2780 and SKOV3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Downregulation of PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells by inhibiting the EMT through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Obstetrics Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Shi L, Yao H, Liu Z, Xu M, Tsung A, Wang Y. Endogenous PAD4 in Breast Cancer Cells Mediates Cancer Extracellular Chromatin Network Formation and Promotes Lung Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:735-747. [PMID: 32193354 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4/PADI4) is a posttranslational modification enzyme that converts protein arginine or mono-methylarginine to citrulline. The PAD4-mediated hypercitrullination reaction in neutrophils causes the release of nuclear chromatin to form a chromatin network termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). NETs were first described as antimicrobial fibers that bind and kill bacteria. However, it is not known whether PAD4 can mediate the release of chromatin DNA into the extracellular space of cancer cells. Here, we report that murine breast cancer 4T1 cells expressing high levels of PADI4 can release cancer extracellular chromatin networks (CECN) in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Padi4 using CRISPR/Cas9 abolished CECN formation in 4T1 cells. Padi4 deletion from 4T1 cells also reduced the rate of tumor growth in an allograft model, and decreased lung metastasis by 4T1 breast cancers. DNase I treatment, which degrades extracellular DNA including CECNs, also reduced breast to lung metastasis of Padi4 wild-type 4T1 cells in allograft experiments in the Padi4-knockout mice. We further demonstrated that DNase I treatment in this mouse model did not alter circulating tumor cells but decreased metastasis through steps after intravasation. Taken together, our genetic studies show that PAD4 plays a cell autonomous role in cancer metastasis, thus revealing a novel strategy for preventing cancer metastasis by inhibiting cancer cell endogenous PAD4. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that PADI4 can mediate the formation of CECNs in 4T1 cells, and that endogenous PADI4 plays an essential role in breast cancer lung metastasis. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/5/735/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Shi
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Huanling Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yanming Wang
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania. .,The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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34
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Beato M, Sharma P. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041351. [PMID: 32079300 PMCID: PMC7072959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine deimination leading to the non-coded amino acid citrulline remains a key question in the field of post-translational modifications ever since its discovery by Rogers and Simmonds in 1958. Citrullination is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs). Initially, increased citrullination was associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as other neurological disorders and multiple types of cancer. During the last decade, research efforts have focused on how citrullination contributes to disease pathogenesis by modulating epigenetic events, pluripotency, immunity and transcriptional regulation. However, our knowledge regarding the functional implications of citrullination remains quite limited, so we still do not completely understand its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the recently discovered functions of PADI2-mediated citrullination of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer cells and the proposed mechanisms to reshape the transcription regulatory network that promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Beato
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
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Song S, Yu Y. Progression on Citrullination of Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:15. [PMID: 30740359 PMCID: PMC6357933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The citrullination modification (Cit) of proteins has received increasing attention in recent years. This kind of protein modification was first discovered in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The citrullination modification process is catalyzed by the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) family. A well-known citrullination of histone involves the key mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) of inflammation in the peripheral blood. Further studies revealed that citrullination modification of proteins also involves in carcinogenesis in human being. Citrullinated proteins disturbed the stability of proteins and caused DNA damages. There is increasing evidence that citrullinated proteins can be used as potential targets for cancer diagnosis or treatment. This review introduces the concept of citrullination modification of proteins, substrate proteins, examining methods and biological significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
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Zhou Q, Song C, Liu X, Qin H, Miao L, Zhang X. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 overexpression resensitizes MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells to adriamycin via GSK3β/p53 activation. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:625-636. [PMID: 30666159 PMCID: PMC6331075 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s191353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adriamycin (ADR) is widely used in the clinical chemotherapy against breast cancer. But its efficacy is strongly limited due to the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, acquisition of the resistance to ADR is still a major cause of chemotherapy failure in breast cancer patients. Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4) is reported to target non-histone proteins for citrullination, regulate their substrate activities, and thereby play critical roles in maintaining cell phenotype in breast cancer cells. However, whether PAD4 is involved in the development of MDR in breast cancer is poorly understood. Materials and methods We examined the expression of PAD family members, including PAD4 in ADR-resistant MCF-7 cells compared with the parental control cells by real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses. Rescue of PAD4 expression in MCF-7/ADR cells was performed to assess whether PAD4 could restore the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to ADR treatment with cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, TUNEL, nuclear and cytoplasmic extract preparations, and immunofluorescence staining analyses. Results Both PAD2 and PAD4 were significantly decreased in ADR-resistant cells. However, only PAD4 overexpression can increase the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to ADR treatment and decrease MDR1 gene expression. Overexpression of PAD4 in MCF-7/ADR cells inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis. Under ADR treatment, overexpression of PAD4 promoted nuclear accumulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and p53, which further activated proapoptotic gene expression and downregulated MDR1 expression. Moreover, PAD4 activity was required for activating proapoptotic gene transcripts. Conclusion We demonstrate the previously unappreciated role of PAD4 in reversing ADR resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells and help establish PAD4 as a candidate biomarker of prognosis and chemotherapy target for MDR in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Lixia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
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Peptidylarginine Deiminases Post-Translationally Deiminate Prohibitin and Modulate Extracellular Vesicle Release and MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010103. [PMID: 30597867 PMCID: PMC6337164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of adult primary malignant brain tumour with poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a key-mediator through which GBM cells promote a pro-oncogenic microenvironment. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which catalyze the post-translational protein deimination of target proteins, are implicated in cancer, including via EV modulation. Pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine affected EV release from GBM cells, and EV related microRNA cargo, with reduced pro-oncogenic microRNA21 and increased anti-oncogenic microRNA126, also in combinatory treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). The GBM cell lines under study, LN18 and LN229, differed in PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 isozyme expression. Various cytoskeletal, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins were identified to be deiminated in GBM, including prohibitin (PHB), a key protein in mitochondrial integrity and also involved in chemo-resistance. Post-translational deimination of PHB, and PHB protein levels, were reduced after 1 h treatment with pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine in GBM cells. Histone H3 deimination was also reduced following Cl-amidine treatment. Multifaceted roles for PADs on EV-mediated pathways, as well as deimination of mitochondrial, nuclear and invadopodia related proteins, highlight PADs as novel targets for modulating GBM tumour communication.
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38
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Shao L. DNA Damage Response Signals Transduce Stress From Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Factors Into T Cell Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3055. [PMID: 30619377 PMCID: PMC6306440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune-mediated disease that is associated with significant cartilage damage and immunosenescence. Despite decades of research, the major signal pathways that initiate RA are still unclear. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a specific and hierarchical network that includes cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and DNA-damage tolerance pathways. Recent studies suggest that this condition is associated with deficits in telomere maintenance and overall genomic instability in the T cells of RA patients. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms has revealed defects in DDR pathways. Particularly, the DNA repair enzyme, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), is downregulated, which leaves the damaged DNA breaks in RA-associated T cells unrepaired and pushes them to apoptosis, exhausts the T cell pool, and promotes the arthritogenesis effector function of T cells. This review discusses recent advancements and illustrates that risk factors for RA, such as viral infections, environmental events, and genetic risk loci are combat with DDR signals, and the impaired DDR response of RA-associated T cells, in turn, triggers disease-related phenotypes. Therefore, DDR is the dominant signal that converts genetic and environmental stress to RA-related immune dysfunction. Understanding the orchestration of RA pathogenesis by DDR signals would further our current knowledge of RA and provide novel avenues in RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Steckel A, Uray K, Turiák L, Gömöry Á, Drahos L, Hudecz F, Schlosser G. Mapping the tandem mass spectrometric characteristics of citrulline-containing peptides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:844-850. [PMID: 29575159 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Protein citrullination (deimination) is a post-translational modification of proteins converting arginine(s) into citrulline(s). "Overcitrullination" could be associated with severe pathological conditions. Mass spectrometric analysis of modified proteins is hindered by several problems. A comprehensive study of the fragmentation of deiminated peptides is not yet available. In this paper we have made an attempt to describe the characteristics of these processes, based on the studies of epitope model oligopeptides derived from clinically relevant proteins. METHODS Solutions of purified model peptides containing either one or two citrulline residues as well as their native variants were injected directly into the electrospray source of a high accuracy and resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument and were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry using low-energy collision-induced dissociation. RESULTS Loss of isocyanic acid from citrulline residues is a preferred fragmentation route for deiminated peptides, which yields ornithine residues in the sequence. However, simultaneous detection of both the isocyanic acid loss and sequence fragments is often compromised. A preferential cleavage site was observed between citrulline and any other following amino acids yielding intensive complementary b- and y-type ions. Also, citrulline positioned at the C-termini displays a preferential cleavage N-terminal to this residue yielding characteristic y1 ions. These phenomena are described here for the first time and are referred to as the "citrulline effect". CONCLUSIONS We found that the citrulline effect is very pronounced and could be used as a complementary tool for the confirmation of modification sites in addition to losses of isocyanic acids from the protonated molecules or from fragment ions. Low collision energy applied to peptide ions having partially mobile protons reveals the site of modification by generating specific and intensive fragments of the sequence. On the other hand, fragmenting precursor ions with mobile protons usually allows full sequence coverage, although citrulline-specific fragments may exhibit lower intensities compared to other fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Steckel
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Uray
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gömöry
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Tanikawa C, Ueda K, Suzuki A, Iida A, Nakamura R, Atsuta N, Tohnai G, Sobue G, Saichi N, Momozawa Y, Kamatani Y, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Nakamura Y, Matsuda K. Citrullination of RGG Motifs in FET Proteins by PAD4 Regulates Protein Aggregation and ALS Susceptibility. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1473-1483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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41
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Aratani S, Fujita H, Yagishita N, Yamano Y, Okubo Y, Nishioka K, Nakajima T. Inhibitory effects of ubiquitination of synoviolin by PADI4. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9203-9209. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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42
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Qin H, Liu X, Li F, Miao L, Li T, Xu B, An X, Muth A, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA, Zhang X. PAD1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by regulating MEK1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:30-41. [PMID: 28844713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylargininedeiminase 1 (PAD1) catalyzes protein for citrullination, and this activity has been linked to the epidermal cornification. However, a role for PAD1 in tumorigenesis, including breast cancers has not been previously explored. Here we first showed that PAD1 is overexpressed in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In cultured cells and xenograft mouse models, PAD1 depletion or inhibition reduced cell proliferation, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prevented metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. These changes were correlated with a dramatic decrease in MMP2/9 expression. Furthermore, ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated upon PAD1 silencing. Treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitor in PAD1 knockdown cells significantly recovered MMP2 expression, while inhibiting P38 activation only slightly elevated MMP9 levels. We then showed that PAD1 interacts with and citrullinates MEK1 thereby disrupting MEK1-catalyzed ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus leading to the MMP2 overexpression. Collectively, our data indicate that PAD1 appears to promote tumorigenesis by regulating MEK1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling in TNBC. These results also raise the possibility that PAD1 may function as an important new biomarker for TNBC tumors and suggest that PAD1-specific inhibitors could potentially be utilized to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lixia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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43
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Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. Oncogene 2017; 36:3943-3956. [PMID: 28288132 PMCID: PMC5511239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor. Mutation of the TP53 gene alters its response pathway, and is central to the development of many cancers. The discovery of a large number of p53 target genes, which confer p53's tumor suppressor function, has led to increasingly complex models of p53 function. Recent meta-analysis approaches, however, are simplifying our understanding of how p53 functions as a transcription factor. In the survey presented here, a total set of 3661 direct p53 target genes is identified that comprise 3509 potential targets from 13 high-throughput studies, and 346 target genes from individual gene analyses. Comparison of the p53 target genes reported in individual studies with those identified in 13 high-throughput studies reveals limited consistency. Here, p53 target genes have been evaluated based on the meta-analysis data, and the results show that high-confidence p53 target genes are involved in multiple cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, mRNA translation and feedback mechanisms. However, many p53 target genes are identified only in a small number of studies and have a higher likelihood of being false positives. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed for mediating gene regulation in response to p53, recent advances in our understanding of p53 function show that p53 itself is solely an activator of transcription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21. Taking into account the function of p53 as an activator of transcription, recent results point to an unsophisticated means of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhai Q, Wang L, Zhao P, Li T. Role of citrullination modification catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 in gene transcriptional regulation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:567-572. [PMID: 28472221 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), a new histone modification enzyme, which converts both arginine and monomethyl-arginine to citrulline, has gained massive attention in recent years as a potential regulator of gene transcription. Recent studies have shown that arginine residues R2, R8, R17, and R26 in the H3 tail and R3 in the H4 tail can be deiminated by PADI4. This kind of histone post-translational modification has the potential to antagonize histone methylation and coordinate with histone deacetylation to regulate gene transcription. PADI4 also deiminates non-histone proteins, such as p300, NPM1, ING4, RPS2, and DNMT3A. PADI4 has been shown to involve in cell apoptosis and differentiation. Moreover, PADI4 can interact with tumor suppressor p53 and regulate the transcriptional activity of p53. Dysregulation of PADI4 is implicated in a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, tumor development, and multiple sclerosis. A wide variety of PADI4 inhibitors have been identified. Further understanding of PADI4 functions may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in these diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress in the study of the regulation mechanism of PADI4 on gene transcription and the major physiological functions of PADI4 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhai
- Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo 255036, China
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45
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Lange S, Gallagher M, Kholia S, Kosgodage US, Hristova M, Hardy J, Inal JM. Peptidylarginine Deiminases-Roles in Cancer and Neurodegeneration and Possible Avenues for Therapeutic Intervention via Modulation of Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061196. [PMID: 28587234 PMCID: PMC5486019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released from cells and participate in cell-to-cell communication via transport of biological molecules. EMVs play important roles in various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. The regulation of EMV biogenesis is thus of great importance and novel ways for manipulating their release from cells have recently been highlighted. One of the pathways involved in EMV shedding is driven by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) mediated post-translational protein deimination, which is calcium-dependent and affects cytoskeletal rearrangement amongst other things. Increased PAD expression is observed in various cancers and neurodegeneration and may contribute to increased EMV shedding and disease progression. Here, we review the roles of PADs and EMVs in cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Lange
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mark Gallagher
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Uchini S Kosgodage
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1N 6HX, UK.
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Jameel M Inal
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
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Horibata S, Rogers KE, Sadegh D, Anguish LJ, McElwee JL, Shah P, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA. Role of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in mammary carcinoma cell migration. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:378. [PMID: 28549415 PMCID: PMC5446677 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penetration of the mammary gland basement membrane by cancer cells is a crucial first step in tumor invasion. Using a mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ, we previously found that inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2, aka PADI2) activity appears to maintain basement membrane integrity in xenograft tumors. The goal of this investigation was to gain insight into the mechanisms by which PAD2 mediates this process. METHODS For our study, we modulated PAD2 activity in mammary ductal carcinoma cells by lentiviral shRNA-mediated depletion, lentiviral-mediated PAD2 overexpression, or PAD inhibition and explored the effects of these treatments on changes in cell migration and cell morphology. We also used these PAD2-modulated cells to test whether PAD2 may be required for EGF-induced cell migration. To determine how PAD2 might promote tumor cell migration in vivo, we tested the effects of PAD2 inhibition on the expression of several cell migration mediators in MCF10DCIS.com xenograft tumors. In addition, we tested the effect of PAD2 inhibition on EGF-induced ductal invasion and elongation in primary mouse mammary organoids. Lastly, using a transgenic mouse model, we investigated the effects of PAD2 overexpression on mammary gland development. RESULTS Our results indicate that PAD2 depletion or inhibition suppresses cell migration and alters the morphology of MCF10DCIS.com cells. In addition, we found that PAD2 depletion suppresses the expression of the cytoskeletal regulatory proteins RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 and also promotes a mesenchymal to epithelial-like transition in tumor cells with an associated increase in the cell adhesion marker, E-cadherin. Our mammary gland organoid study found that inhibition of PAD2 activity suppresses EGF-induced ductal invasion. In vivo, we found that PAD2 overexpression causes hyperbranching in the developing mammary gland. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that PAD2 plays a critical role in breast cancer cell migration. Our findings that EGF treatment increases protein citrullination and that PAD2 inhibition blocks EGF-induced cell migration suggest that PAD2 likely functions within the EGF signaling pathway to mediate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Horibata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Katherine E Rogers
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - David Sadegh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Lynne J Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - John L McElwee
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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Miyamoto T, Lo PHY, Saichi N, Ueda K, Hirata M, Tanikawa C, Matsuda K. Argininosuccinate synthase 1 is an intrinsic Akt repressor transactivated by p53. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603204. [PMID: 28560349 PMCID: PMC5438217 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is at the core of a built-in tumor suppression system that responds to varying degrees of stress input and is deregulated in most human cancers. Befitting its role in maintaining cellular fitness and fidelity, p53 regulates an appropriate set of target genes in response to cellular stresses. However, a comprehensive understanding of this scheme has not been accomplished. We show that argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a citrulline-aspartate ligase in de novo arginine synthesis pathway, was directly transactivated by p53 in response to genotoxic stress, resulting in the rearrangement of arginine metabolism. Furthermore, we found that x-ray irradiation promoted the systemic induction of Ass1 and concomitantly increased plasma arginine levels in p53+/+ mice but not in p53-/- mice. Notably, Ass1+/- mice exhibited hypersensitivity to whole-body irradiation owing to increased apoptosis in the small intestinal crypts. Analyses of ASS1-deficient cells generated using the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated 9) system revealed that ASS1 plays a pivotal role in limiting Akt phosphorylation. In addition, aberrant activation of Akt resulting from ASS1 loss disrupted Akt-mediated cell survival signaling activity under genotoxic stress. Building on these results, we demonstrated that p53 induced an intrinsic Akt repressor, ASS1, and the perturbation of ASS1 expression rendered cells susceptible to genotoxic stress. Our findings uncover a new function of p53 in the regulation of Akt signaling and reveal how p53, ASS1, and Akt are interrelated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paulisally Hau Yi Lo
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Saichi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Genome Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Genome Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang W, Ji HJ, Sun NB, Chang XT, Xu B, Wang Y, Cao M, Zhu Q, Zang Q, Jiang ZM. B-cell specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 and peptidyl arginine deiminase IV positively regulate carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4349-4356. [PMID: 28599437 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of B-cell specific Moloney leukemia virus insert site 1 (Bmi-1) and peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PADI4) is associated with esophageal carcinoma. However, few studies have investigated the association between the Bmi-1 and PADI4 genes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Bmi-1 and PADI4 and identify the association between the Bmi-1 and PADI4 genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. Bmi-1 and PADI4 gene expression levels were measured using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ESCC tissues from 86 patients who had not received pre-operative chemoradiation. The results revealed that the Bmi-1 and PADI4 genes had increased expression in carcinoma tissues compared with pericarcinous tissue (P<0.05). Bmi-1 gene expression was revealed to be associated with differentiation degree, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but had no association with gender, age or depth of invasion (P>0.05). The expression of PADI4 was associated with clinical stage, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but was not associated with gender, age or differentiation degree (P>0.05). In addition, there was a positive association between Bmi-1 and PADI4 gene expression in ESCC (P<0.05). These results indicated that Bmi-1 and PADI4 positively regulate carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Huai-Jun Ji
- Division of Surgery, Graduate Department, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Bo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Epitope Specificity of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:antib6010005. [PMID: 31548521 PMCID: PMC6698845 DOI: 10.3390/antib6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are primarily associated with a progressive course in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with a chronic and inflammatory nature. These antibodies do not appear to have any strict dependency for reactivity except from the presence of the non-genetically encoded amino acid citrulline, which is the result of a posttranslational modification, catalyzed by calcium-dependent peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes. Nevertheless, several amino acids surrounding the citrulline residue notably influence antibody reactivity, especially with a central-Cit-Gly-motif being essential for antibody reactivity. Most importantly, these antibodies have been proposed to be divided into two groups, based on their ability to recognize multiple citrullinated peptides. Thus, an "overlapping" antibody group, which appears to recognize several citrullinated peptides, and a "non-overlapping" antibody group, which only recognizes a limited number of citrullinated peptides, have been proposed. Based on these findings, we suggest that antibodies recognizing several citrullinated targets, also referred to as cross-reactive antibodies, primarily are backbone-dependent, whereas less cross-reactive antibodies primarily depend on the side chains of the amino acids comprising the epitopes for stable antibody-antigen interactions, which reduces the degree of cross-reactivity significantly. Clarifying the reactivity pattern of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies may contribute to determining their true nature of origin.
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Fan L, Zong M, Gong R, He D, Li N, Sun LS, Ye Q, Yu S. PADI4 Epigenetically Suppresses p21 Transcription and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:358-366. [PMID: 28367100 PMCID: PMC5370443 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial lining hyperplasia, which involves abnormal growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). This study aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) in FLSs isolated from RA patients (RA-FLSs). FLSs were isolated from RA patients and transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or PADI4 overexpression plasmid. FLSs were treated by Adriamycin (ADR) to induce apoptosis, and apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of PADI4, p53 and p21 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The recruitment of PADI4 and histone H3 arginine modifications to p21 promoter was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The results showed that knockdown of PADI4 promoted the apoptosis of RA-FLSs and the expression of p53 and p21. Ectopic expression of PADI4 inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis of RA-FLSs, and down-regulated the expression of p53 and p21. In RA-FLSs, global H3 citrullination (CitH3) and H3 arginine 17 methylation levels were dynamically changed by PADI4 and ADR treatment. PADI4 and H3 could bind p21 promoter region to regulate p21 expression. In conclusion, PADI4 contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by protecting FLSs from apoptosis. PADI4 suppresses p21 transcription through altering histone H3 arginine modifications on p21 promoter region. Our study provides new insight into the anti-apoptotic role of PADI4 in RA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Ming Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Ruhan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, 540 Xin Hua Road, Shanghai 200052, PR China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Li Shan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
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