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Sun Y, Li Q, Huang Y, Yang Z, Li G, Sun X, Gu X, Qiao Y, Wu Q, Xie T, Sui X. Natural products for enhancing the sensitivity or decreasing the adverse effects of anticancer drugs through regulating the redox balance. Chin Med 2024; 19:110. [PMID: 39164783 PMCID: PMC11334420 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance is reported to play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, cancer development, and drug resistance. Severe oxidative damage is a general consequence of cancer cell responses to treatment and may cause cancer cell death or severe adverse effects. To maintain their longevity, cancer cells can rescue redox balance and enter a state of resistance to anticancer drugs. Therefore, targeting redox signalling pathways has emerged as an attractive and prospective strategy for enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs and decreasing their adverse effects. Over the past few decades, natural products (NPs) have become an invaluable source for developing new anticancer drugs due to their high efficacy and low toxicity. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that many NPs exhibit remarkable antitumour effects, whether used alone or as adjuvants, and are emerging as effective approaches to enhance sensitivity and decrease the adverse effects of conventional cancer therapies by regulating redox balance. Among them are several novel anticancer drugs based on NPs that have entered clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the synergistic anticancer effects and related redox mechanisms of the combination of NPs with conventional anticancer drugs. We believe that NPs targeting redox regulation will represent promising novel candidates and provide prospects for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinyi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunhao Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Tang F, Hummitzsch K, Rodgers RJ. Unique features of KGN granulosa-like tumour cells in the regulation of steroidogenic and antioxidant genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308168. [PMID: 39110703 PMCID: PMC11305538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ovarian KGN granulosa-like tumour cell line is commonly used as a model for human granulosa cells, especially since it produces steroid hormones. To explore this further, we identified genes that were differentially expressed by KGN cells compared to primary human granulosa cells using three public RNA sequence datasets. Of significance, we identified that the expression of the antioxidant gene TXNRD1 (thioredoxin reductase 1) was extremely high in KGN cells. This is ominous since cytochrome P450 enzymes leak electrons and produce reactive oxygen species during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified steroid biosynthetic and cholesterol metabolic processes were more active in primary granulosa cells, whilst in KGN cells, DNA processing, chromosome segregation and kinetochore pathways were more prominent. Expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1), which are important for the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones progesterone and oestrogen, plus their electron transport chain members (FDXR, FDX1, POR) were measured in cultured KGN cells. KGN cells were treated with 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) or 10 μM forskolin, with or without siRNA knockdown of TXNRD1. We also examined expression of antioxidant genes, H2O2 production by Amplex Red assay and DNA damage by γH2Ax staining. Significant increases in CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were observed by either dbcAMP or forskolin treatments. However, no significant changes in H2O2 levels or DNA damage were found. Knockdown of expression of TXNRD1 by siRNA blocked the stimulation of expression of CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 by dbcAMP. Thus, with TXNRD1 playing such a pivotal role in steroidogenesis in the KGN cells and it being so highly overexpressed, we conclude that KGN cells might not be the most appropriate model of primary granulosa cells for studying the interplay between ovarian steroidogenesis, reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Viglianisi G, Polizzi A, Grippaudo C, Cocuzza S, Leonardi R, Isola G. Chemopreventive and Biological Strategies in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:65. [PMID: 38247942 PMCID: PMC10813134 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represent a significant global health burden due to their potential for malignant transformation and the challenges associated with their diagnosis and treatment. Chemoprevention, an innovative approach aimed at halting or reversing the neoplastic process before full malignancy, has emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the impact of OPMD and OSCC. The pivotal role of chemopreventive strategies is underscored by the need for effective interventions that go beyond traditional therapies. In this regard, chemopreventive agents offer a unique opportunity to intercept disease progression by targeting the molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and resveratrol, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties that could make them potential candidates for curtailing the transformation of OPMD to OSCC. Moreover, targeted therapies directed at specific molecular alterations hold promise in disrupting the signaling cascades driving OSCC growth. Immunomodulatory agents, like immune checkpoint inhibitors, are gaining attention for their potential to harness the body's immune response against early malignancies, thus impeding OSCC advancement. Additionally, nutritional interventions and topical formulations of chemopreventive agents offer localized strategies for preventing carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The challenge lies in optimizing these strategies for efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. This review presents an up to date on the dynamic interplay between molecular insights, clinical interventions, and the broader goal of reducing the burden of oral malignancies. As research progresses, the synergy between early diagnosis, non-invasive biomarker identification, and chemopreventive therapy is poised to reshape the landscape of OPMD and OSCC management, offering a glimpse of a future where these diseases are no longer insurmountable challenges but rather preventable and manageable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Cristina Grippaudo
- Head and Neck Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
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Li Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Tao J, Chen H, Deng Y. Long-Acting Nanohybrid Hydrogel Induces Persistent Immunogenic Chemotherapy for Suppressing Postoperative Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6345-6357. [PMID: 37942616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the continuous advancement of surgical resection techniques, postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis remain a huge challenge. Here, we constructed an injectable curcumin/doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticle (NanoCD) hydrogel, which could effectively inhibit tumor regrowth and metastasis via reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for highly effective postsurgical cancer treatment. NanoCD was prepared by the controlled assembly of curcumin (CUR) and doxorubicin (DOX) via π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding in the presence of human serum albumin. To facilitate prolonged treatment of postsurgical tumors, NanoCD was further incorporated into the temperature-sensitive Poloxamer 407 gel (NanoCD@Gel) for intracavity administration. Mechanistically, DOX induced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CUR reduced the ROS metabolism by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The synergy of DOX and CUR amplified intracellular ROS levels and thus resulted in enhanced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells. Upon being injected into the tumor cavity after resection, the in situ-generated NanoCD@Gel allowed the local release of CUR and DOX in a controlled manner to induce local chemotherapy and persistently activate the antitumor immune response, thereby achieving enhanced immunogenic chemotherapy with reduced systemic toxicity. Our work provides an elegant strategy for persistently stimulating effective antitumor immunity to prevent postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lishan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huabing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, and School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yibin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Wu Q, Ning H, Wang H, Hua H, Li W, Xu B. Cancer cell membrane camouflaging mesoporous nanoplatform interfering with cellular redox homeostasis to amplify photodynamic therapy on oral carcinoma. J Drug Target 2023; 31:511-520. [PMID: 37000919 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2198172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is still limited by the inefficient utilisation of generated ROS in tumours due to cellular redox homeostasis. To improve the therapeutic efficacy for oral carcinoma, biomimetic cell membrane-coated mesoporous nanoplatform was tailored to interfere with cellular redox homeostasis for amplified PDT. In this study, CAL-27 cancer cell membrane (CM) was encapsulated onto the mesoporous silica NPs (MSN), which were preloaded with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and Curcumin (Cur). The biomimetic nanoparticles displayed a size of around 120 nm, which had excellent cytotoxicity under a laser and increased uptake ability to tumour cell. After internalised by cancer cells, the released Cur could effectively disturb ROS-defence system by suppressing TrxR activity, and decreasing TrxR-2 expression (p < 0.05), leading to enhanced cancer cell killing ability of PDT. The biomimetic system was found to selectively accumulate in the tumour due to its homologous targeting capability and inhibit tumour growth significantly. In a word, the biomimetic nanoplatform apparently enhanced the therapeutic effect of PDT on tumours by Cur disturbing the ROS-defence system, which exhibited a new way to enhance PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoran Ning
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Hua
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wa Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Chang B, Xu Q, Guo H, Zhong M, Shen R, Zhao L, Zhao J, Ma T, Chu Y, Zhang J, Fang J. Puromycin Prodrug Activation by Thioredoxin Reductase Overcomes Its Promiscuous Cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3250-3261. [PMID: 36855911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been documented in malignant tissues and is of pathological significance for many types of tumors. The antibiotic puromycin (Puro) is a protein synthesis inhibitor causing premature polypeptide chain termination during translation. The well-defined action mechanism of Puro makes it a useful tool in biomedical studies. However, the nonselective cytotoxicity of Puro limits its therapeutic applications. We report herein the construction and evaluation of two Puro prodrugs, that is, S1-Puro with a five-membered cyclic disulfide trigger and S2-Puro with a linear disulfide trigger. S1-Puro is selectively activated by TrxR and shows the TrxR-dependent cytotoxicity to cancer cells, while S2-Puro is readily activated by thiols. Furthermore, S1-Puro displays higher stability in plasma than S2-Puro. We expect that this prodrug strategy may promote the further development of Puro as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hairui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ruipeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lanning Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yajun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase selenoproteins from different organisms as potential drug targets for treatment of human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:320-338. [PMID: 35987423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with a central role in cellular redox homeostasis, utilizing a highly reactive and solvent-exposed selenocysteine (Sec) residue in its active site. Pharmacological modulation of TrxR can be obtained with several classes of small compounds showing different mechanisms of action, but most often dependent upon interactions with its Sec residue. The clinical implications of TrxR modulation as mediated by small compounds have been studied in diverse diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia to cancer and parasitic infections. The possible involvement of TrxR in these diseases was in some cases serendipitously discovered, by finding that existing clinically used drugs are also TrxR inhibitors. Inhibiting isoforms of human TrxR is, however, not the only strategy for human disease treatment, as some pathogenic parasites also depend upon Sec-containing TrxR variants, including S. mansoni, B. malayi or O. volvulus. Inhibiting parasite TrxR has been shown to selectively kill parasites and can thus become a promising treatment strategy, especially in the context of quickly emerging resistance towards other drugs. Here we have summarized the basis for the targeting of selenoprotein TrxR variants with small molecules for therapeutic purposes in different human disease contexts. We discuss how Sec engagement appears to be an indispensable part of treatment efficacy and how some therapeutically promising compounds have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Several research questions remain before a wider application of selenoprotein TrxR inhibition as a first-line treatment strategy might be developed. These include further mechanistic studies of downstream effects that may mediate treatment efficacy, identification of isoform-specific enzyme inhibition patterns for some given therapeutic compounds, and the further elucidation of cell-specific effects in disease contexts such as in the tumor microenvironment or in host-parasite interactions, and which of these effects may be dependent upon the specific targeting of Sec in distinct TrxR isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
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Nisar S, Masoodi T, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Zarif L, Khatoon S, Ali S, Uddin S, Akil AAS, Singh M, Macha MA, Bhat AA. Natural products as chemo-radiation therapy sensitizers in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113610. [PMID: 36030591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy (CT), and/or radiation therapy (RT) are the treatment of choice for most advanced tumors. Unfortunately, treatment failure due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to the current CT and RT is a significant challenge associated with poor patient prognosis. There is an urgent need to develop and identify agents that can sensitize tumor cells to chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) with minimal cytotoxicity to the healthy tissues. While many recent studies have identified the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for CRT failure, using small molecule inhibitors to chemo/radio sensitize tumors is associated with high toxicity and increased morbidity. Natural products have long been used as chemopreventive agents in many cancers. Combining many of these compounds with the standard chemotherapeutic agents or with RT has shown synergistic effects on cancer cell death and overall improvement in patient survival. Based on the available data, there is strong evidence that natural products have a robust therapeutic potential along with CRT and their well-known chemopreventive effects in many solid tumors. This review article reports updated literature on different natural products used as CT or RT sensitizers in many solid tumors. This is the first review discussing CT and RT sensitizers together in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer immunology and genetics, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Summaiya Khatoon
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahid Ali
- International Potato Center (CIP), Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Depertment of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Cui XY, Park SH, Park WH. Anti-Cancer Effects of Auranofin in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Increasing Intracellular ROS Levels and Depleting GSH Levels. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165207. [PMID: 36014444 PMCID: PMC9412977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auranofin, as a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, has promising anti-cancer activity in several cancer types. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of auranofin on lung cancer cell growth. We, therefore, investigated the antigrowth effects of auranofin in various lung cancer cells with respect to cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Treatment with 0~5 µM auranofin decreased cell proliferation and induced cell death in Calu-6, A549, SK-LU-1, NCI-H460, and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells at 24 h. In addition, 0~5 µM auranofin increased ROS levels, including O2•−, and depleted GSH levels in these cells. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented growth inhibition and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ∆Ψm) loss in 3 and 5 µM auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells at 24 h, respectively, and decreased ROS levels and GSH depletion in these cells. In contrast, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced cell death, MMP (∆Ψm) loss, ROS levels, and GSH depletion in auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells. Treatment with 3 and 5 µM auranofin induced caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in Calu-6 and A549 cells, respectively. Both were prevented by NAC, but enhanced by BSO. Moreover, TrxR activity was reduced in auranofin-treated Calu-6 and A549 cells. That activity was decreased by BSO, but increased by NAC. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that auranofin-induced cell death is closely related to oxidative stress resulted from increased ROS levels and GSH depletion in lung cancer cells.
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Cardona CJ, Hermann ER, Kouplen KN, Hartson SD, Montgomery MR. Differences in Antioxidant and Lipid Handling Protein Expression Influence How Cells Expressing Distinct Mutant TP53 Subtypes Maintain Iron Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132064. [PMID: 35805147 PMCID: PMC9265551 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, and iron is necessary for cancer cell growth and proliferation, but there is a significant gap in knowledge for how the two cooperate to affect cellular physiology. Elucidating this role is complicated, however, because each TP53 mutation subtype exhibits unique phenotypic responses to changes in iron availability. The goal of this work was to determine how cells expressing distinct TP53 mutation subtypes respond to iron restriction. Utilizing a reverse genetics approach, we generated eight isogenic cell lines that either lacked TP53 expression, expressed wild-type TP53, or expressed one of the six most common TP53 “hotspot” mutations. We then employed isobaric peptide labeling and mass spectrometry to quantitively measure changes in global protein expression, both in response to induction of mutant TP53 expression, and in response to iron chelation. Our findings indicate that mutant TP53-dependent sensitivities to iron restriction are not driven by differences in responsiveness to iron chelation, but more so by mutant TP53-dependent differences in cellular antioxidant and lipid handling protein expression. These findings reinforce the importance of distinguishing between TP53 mutation subtypes when investigating approaches to target mutant TP53. We also identify unique TP53-dependent perturbances in protein expression patterns that could be exploited to improve iron-targeted chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J. Cardona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Evan R. Hermann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Kate N. Kouplen
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Steven D. Hartson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - McKale R. Montgomery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.J.C.); (E.R.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-4941
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang J. Targeting thioredoxin reductase by micheliolide contributes to radiosensitizing and inducing apoptosis of HeLa cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:99-109. [PMID: 35561844 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a crucial strategy for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs and radiosensitizers. As an anticancer candidate derived from Michelia, micheliolide (MCL) is converted readily from parthenolide (PTL), and has better stability and solubility than PTL. However, the anticancer mechanism of MCL has not been fully dissected. We present here for the first time that MCL-targeted inhibition of TrxR not only promotes oxidative stress-mediated HeLa cell apoptosis but also sensitizes ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that MCL covalently binds to Sec at position 498 of TrxR to restrain the biological function of TrxR. It exhibits the inhibition of TrxR activity, enhancement of oxidized Trx, and sensitization of IR in the cellular environment, accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the collapse of the intracellular redox balance. In addition, HeLa-shTrxR1 cells with knockdown of TrxR were more sensitive than the HeLa-shNT cells to either MCL-treated or IR-induced cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of TrxR by MCL is likely responsible for increased cytotoxicity and enhanced radiation response. These findings further establish the mechanistic understanding and preclinical data to support the further investigation of MCL's potential as a prospective radiosensitizer and cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, And Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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12
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Zhou ZW, Long HZ, Xu SG, Li FJ, Cheng Y, Luo HY, Gao LC. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Cervical Cancer: Based on Inflammatory Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899208. [PMID: 35645817 PMCID: PMC9136176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to an irritant. When an inflammatory response occurs, immune cells are recruited to the injury, eliminating the irritation. The excessive inflammatory response can cause harm to the organism. Inflammation has been found to contribute to cervical cancer if there is a problem with the regulation of inflammatory response. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, and the incidence tends to be younger. The harm of cervical cancer cannot be ignored. The standard treatments for cervical cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis for this treatment is poor, so it is urgent to find a safer and more effective treatment. Natural products are considered excellent candidates for the treatment of cervical cancer. In this review, we first describe the mechanisms by which inflammation induces cervical cancer. Subsequently, we highlight natural products that can treat cervical cancer through inflammatory pathways. We also introduce natural products for the treatment of cervical cancer in clinical trials. Finally, methods to improve the anticancer properties of natural products were added, and the development status of natural products was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo-Guo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
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13
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Yao A, Storr SJ, Inman M, Barwell L, Moody CJ, Martin SG. Cytotoxic and Radiosensitising Effects of a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor in Brain Cancers. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3546-3563. [PMID: 35344158 PMCID: PMC9148287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system, a key antioxidant pathway, represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. This study investigated the chemotherapeutic and radiosensitising effects of a novel Trx reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, IQ10, on brain cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms of action. Five brain cancer cell lines and a normal cell type were used. TrxR activity and expression were assessed by insulin reduction assay and Western blotting, respectively. IQ10 cytotoxicity was evaluated using growth curve, resazurin reduction and clonogenic assays. Radiosensitivity was examined using clonogenic assay. Reactive oxygen species levels were examined by flow cytometry and DNA damage assessed by immunofluorescence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression was examined by RT-PCR array. IQ10 significantly inhibited TrxR activity but did not affect Trx system protein expression in brain cancer cells. The drug exhibited potent anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects against brain cancer cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in both 2D and 3D systems, with IC50s in the low micromolar range. It was up to ~ 1000-fold more potent than temozolomide. IQ10 substantially sensitised various brain cancer cells to radiation, with such effect being due, in part, to functional inhibition of TrxR, making cells less able to deal with oxidative stress and leading to increased oxidative DNA damage. IQ10 significantly downregulated EMT-associated gene expression suggesting potential anti-invasive and antimetastatic properties. This study suggests that IQ10 is a potent anticancer agent and could be used as either a single agent or combined with radiation, to treat brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Yao
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Martyn Inman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lucy Barwell
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher J Moody
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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14
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Massa S, Pagliarello R, Paolini F, Venuti A. Natural Bioactives: Back to the Future in the Fight against Human Papillomavirus? A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051465. [PMID: 35268556 PMCID: PMC8911515 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) still represents an important threat to health worldwide. Better therapy in terms of further improvement of outcomes and attenuation of related side-effects is desirable. The pharmaceutical industry has always targeted natural substances-phytochemicals in particular-to identify lead compounds to be clinically validated and industrially produced as antiviral and anticancer drugs. In the field of HPV, numerous naturally occurring bioactives and dietary phytochemicals have been investigated as potentially valuable in vitro and in vivo. Interference with several pathways and improvement of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents have been demonstrated. Notably, some clinical trials have been conducted. Despite being endowed with general safety, these natural substances are in urgent need of further assessment to foresee their clinical exploitation. This review summarizes the basic research efforts conducted so far in the study of anti-HPV properties of bio-actives with insights into their mechanisms of action and highlights the variety of their natural origin in order to provide comprehensive mapping throughout the different sources. The clinical studies available are reported, as well, to highlight the need of uniformity and consistency of studies in the future to select those natural compounds that may be suited to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Massa
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Pagliarello
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolini
- HPV-Unit, Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-Unit, Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
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15
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Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Thioredoxin reductase: An emerging pharmacologic target for radiosensitization of cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101341. [PMID: 35078017 PMCID: PMC8790659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel agents are required to increase the radiosensitivity of cancer and improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduce the oxidized cysteine thiols in several proteins, which regulate cellular redox, survival, proliferation, DNA synthesis, transcription factor activity and apoptosis. TrxR is essential for maintaining a conducive redox state for tumor growth, survival and resistance to therapy. Therefore, it is an appealing pharmacological target for the radiosensitization of tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to cause cytotoxicity through ROS, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Inhibition of thioredoxin system augments IR induced oxidative stress and potentiates cytotoxic effects. However, TrxR also regulates several critical cellular processes in normal cells. Here, we highlight the pre-clinical research and pharmacological studies to surmise possible utility of different TrxR inhibitors for radiosensitization. This review provides a succinct perspective on the role of TrxR inhibitors during the radiotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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16
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Zhang J, Zheng ZQ, Xu Q, Li Y, Gao K, Fang J. Onopordopicrin from the new genus Shangwua as a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor to induce oxidative stress-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:790-801. [PMID: 33733960 PMCID: PMC7993383 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1899169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation and identification of natural products from plants is an essential approach for discovering drug candidates. Herein we report the characterization of three sesquiterpene lactones from a new genus Shangwua, e.g. onopordopicrin (ONP), C2, and C3, and evaluation of their pharmacological functions in interfering cellular redox signaling. Compared to C2 and C3, ONP shows the most potency in killing cancer cells. Further experiments demonstrate that ONP robustly inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which leads to perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis with the favor of oxidative stress. Knockdown of the TrxR sensitizes cells to the ONP treatment while overexpression of the enzyme reduces the potency of ONP, underpinning the correlation of TrxR inhibition to the cytotoxicity of ONP. The discovery of ONP expands the library of the natural TrxR inhibitors, and the disclosure of the action mechanism of ONP provides a foundation for the further development of ONP as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zai-Qin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Targeting thioredoxin reductase by deoxyelephantopin from Elephantopus scaber triggers cancer cell apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109028. [PMID: 34509463 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is associated with the tumorigenesis and resistance to cancer chemoradiotherapy, highlighting the potential of TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Deoxyelephantopin (DET) is the major active ingredient of Elephantopus scaber and reveals potent anticancer activity. However, the potential mechanism of action and the cellular target of DET are still unknown. Here, we found that DET primarily targets the Sec residue of TrxR and irreversibly prohibits enzyme activity. Suppression of TrxR by DET leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and dysregulation in intracellular redox balance, eventually inducing cancer cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Noticeably, down-regulation of TrxR1 by shRNA increases cell sensitivity to DET. Collectively, targeting of TrxR1 by DET uncovers a novel mechanism of action in DET and deepens the understanding of developing DET as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating cancers.
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18
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Yang HY, Yang M, Fang J, Gao K. Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Santamarine Conferring Anticancer Effect in HeLa Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:710676. [PMID: 34485384 PMCID: PMC8416462 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products frequently have unique physiological activities and new action mechanisms due to their structural diversity and novelty, and are an important source for innovative drugs and lead compounds. We present herein that natural product santamarine targeted thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to weaken its antioxidative function in cells, accompanied by accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and finally induced a new mechanism of tumor cell oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. TrxR knockdown or overexpression cell lines were employed to further evaluate the cytotoxicity of santamarine regulated by TrxR, demonstrated that TrxR played a key role in the physiological effect of santamarine on cells. Santamarine targeting TrxR reveals its previously unrecognized mechanism of antitumor and provides a basis for the further development of santamarine as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Liu L, Zhou X, Zheng R, Huang J, Kong R, Li Y, Wang C, Chen A, Li S, Cheng H. Self-delivery nanomedicine for chemotherapy sensitized photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7296-7299. [PMID: 34223569 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chlorine e6 (Ce6) and curcumin (Cur) based self-delivery nanomedicine (CeCu) is prepared for chemotherapy sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT). The chemotherapeutic agent of Cur could inhibit the TrxR activity to destroy the cellular ROS-defence system for enhanced PDT, which provides synergistic effects for tumor precision therapy in consideration of the unfavorable tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.
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20
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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21
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El Feky SE, Ghany Megahed MA, Abd El Moneim NA, Zaher ER, Khamis SA, Ali LMA. Cytotoxic, chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing effects of curcumin based on thioredoxin system inhibition in breast cancer cells: 2D vs. 3D cell culture system. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:506. [PMID: 33791015 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system is a promising strategy to overcome cancer resistance to conventional therapy. The present study investigated the effect of curcumin on the Trx/TrxR system either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, or radiotherapy in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells seeded in 2 and 3D culture systems. Cell viability, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) activity, and the genetic expression of Trx, TrxR1, Bcl2 and BAX genes were studied. The findings showed that the mode of culture significantly affected the response of cancer cells to different treatment modalities, as well as their gene expression patterns. Curcumin treatment resulted in a reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, an effect that may be mediated by manipulating Trx system components, mainly Trx expression, and to a lesser extent TrxR1 expression and concentration. Furthermore, curcumin increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by reducing Trx and TrxR1 expression levels. Thus, curcumin may have a potential role as a dose-modifying agent that can be used either to sensitize resistant cells to therapy or to reduce the dose of these therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Essam El Feky
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
| | - Magda Abdel Ghany Megahed
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
| | - Nadia Ahmed Abd El Moneim
- Department of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam Rizq Zaher
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
| | - Shadwa Ahmed Khamis
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandra 21561, Egypt
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22
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Yi J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Kang Q, Zhang X, Suo K, Cao N, Hao L, Lu J. Potential of natural products as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers: opportunities and challenges. Food Funct 2021; 12:5204-5218. [PMID: 34018510 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural products can be used as natural radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, showing promising effects in cancer treatments in combination with radiotherapy, while reducing ionizing radiation (IR) damage to normal cells/tissues. The different effects of natural products on irradiated normal and tumor cells/tissues have attracted more and more researchers' interest. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of natural products in radiotherapy are few, which may be related to their low bioavailability in the human body. Here, we displayed the radiation protection and radiation sensitization of major natural products, highlighted the related molecular mechanisms of these bioactive substances combined with radiotherapy to treat cancer, and critically reviewed their deficiency and improved measures. Lastly, several clinical trials were presented to verify the clinical application of natural products as radiosensitizers and radioprotectors. Further clinical evaluation is still needed. This review provides a reference for the utilization of natural products as radiosensitizers and radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaomiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Keke Suo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Nana Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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23
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Franconi R, Massa S, Paolini F, Vici P, Venuti A. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Genetic Vaccination and Therapy for HPV-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113101. [PMID: 33114220 PMCID: PMC7690868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA vaccination represents a useful approach for human papillomavirus (HPV) cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of plant-based natural compounds for control of HPV- associated cancers has been also widely explored. Genetic vaccines for HPV-associated tumors that include plant protein-encoding gene sequences, used alone or in combinations with plant metabolites, are being investigated but are still in their infancy. Main focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of novel therapeutic strategies employing genetic vaccines along with plant-derived compounds and genes. We highlight the importance of multimodality treatment regimen such as combining immunotherapy with plant-derived agents. Abstract Antigen-specific immunotherapy and, in particular, DNA vaccination provides an established approach for tackling human papillomavirus (HPV) cancers at different stages. DNA vaccines are stable and have a cost-effective production. Their intrinsic low immunogenicity has been improved by several strategies with some success, including fusion of HPV antigens with plant gene sequences. Another approach for the control of HPV cancers is the use of natural immunomodulatory agents like those derived from plants, that are able to interfere in carcinogenesis by modulating many different cellular pathways and, in some instances, to reduce chemo- and radiotherapy resistance of tumors. Indeed, plant-derived compounds represent, in many cases, an abundantly available, cost-effective source of molecules that can be either harvested directly in nature or obtained from plant cell cultures. In this review, an overview of the most relevant data reported in literature on the use of plant natural compounds and genetic vaccines that include plant-derived sequences against HPV tumors is provided. The purpose is also to highlight the still under-explored potential of multimodal treatments implying DNA vaccination along with plant-derived agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Franconi
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-4482 (R.F.); +39-06-3048-4052 (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Massa
- Division of Biotechnology and Agroindustry, Department for Sustainability, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-4482 (R.F.); +39-06-3048-4052 (S.M.)
| | - Francesca Paolini
- HPV-UNIT—UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-UNIT—UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
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Zhang J, Duan D, Song ZL, Liu T, Hou Y, Fang J. Small molecules regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:342-394. [PMID: 32981100 DOI: 10.1002/med.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit increased ROS to maintain their malignant phenotypes and are more dependent on the "redox adaptation" mechanism. Thus, there are two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to prevent or treat cancer. The first strategy, that is, chemoprevention, is to prevent or reduce intracellular ROS either by suppressing ROS production pathways or by employing antioxidants to enhance ROS clearance, which protects normal cells from malignant transformation and inhibits the early stage of tumorigenesis. The second strategy is the ROS-mediated anticancer therapy, which stimulates intracellular ROS to a toxicity threshold to activate ROS-induced cell death pathways. Therefore, targeting the regulation of intracellular ROS-related pathways by small-molecule candidates is considered to be a promising treatment for tumors. We herein first briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS, and then focus on small molecules that regulate ROS-related pathways and show efficacy in cancer therapy from the perspective of pharmacophores. Finally, we discuss several challenges in developing cancer therapeutic agents based on ROS regulation and propose the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Yao J, Duan D, Song ZL, Zhang J, Fang J. Sanguinarine as a new chemical entity of thioredoxin reductase inhibitor to elicit oxidative stress and promote tumor cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:659-667. [PMID: 31931095 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of redox homeostasis is a hallmark of cancer cells. As a critical player in regulating cellular redox signaling, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are increasingly recognized as attractive targets for anticancer drug development. We reported herein the natural product sanguinarine (SAN) as a potent inhibitor of TrxR with a new chemical scaffold. Inhibition of TrxR leads to accumulation of the oxidized thioredoxin, elicits oxidative stress, and finally promotes apoptosis of cancer cells. Further synthesis of different model compounds of SAN demonstrated that the phenanthridinium unit is responsible for the TrxR inhibition. The core structure of SAN, e.g., the phenanthridinium moiety, is different from those of known TrxR inhibitors, and thus SAN is a new chemical entity of TrxR inhibitors and may serve a lead for further development. In addition, as the phenanthridinium scaffold is widely present in natural products, the disclosure of TrxR inhibition by such unit sheds light in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Chemistry, structure, and biological roles of Au-NHC complexes as TrxR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past decades, studies of phytochemicals as modifiers of radiotherapeutic efficacy have become increasingly popular to improve the treatment outcome of human malignancies. In the current comprehensive review article, radiosensitizing effects of curcumin, a yellow-colored polyphenolic constituent of turmeric, in various preclinical cancer models, both In Vitro and In Vivo, are presented. Attenuation of radioadaptation and augmentation of irradiation-induced cancer cell killing are achieved through multifaceted action of curcumin on suppression of prosurvival and antiapoptotic factors. Most importantly, curcumin can block radiation-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulate downstream effector proteins, thereby conferring potentiation of radioresponses. Based on the elucidated molecular mechanisms but also due to its safety profile and low cost, curcumin might be considered a promising adjuvant agent to enhance radiotherapeutic efficacy in the treatment of various cancer types formed in different human organ systems. Further efforts to translate the current preclinical knowledge to the real application of curcumin in combinatorial radiotherapeutic strategies in clinical settings are necessary.AbbreviationsAKTprotein kinase BARMSalveolar rhabdomyosarcomaATMataxia telangiectasia mutatedBaxBcl-2-associated X proteinBcl-2B-cell lymphoma 2CDC2cyclin-dependent kinase 2Bcl-xLB-cell lymphoma-extra largec-FLIPcellular FLICE-like inhibitory proteinCDDPcisplatinCOX-2cyclooxygenase-2cyt ccytochrome cDNA-PKcsDNA-dependent protein kinaseEGFRepidermal growth factor receptorEMTepithelial-mesenchymal transitionERKextracellular signal-regulated kinaseESEwing`s sarcomaETS2erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2GBMglioblastoma multiformeHCChepatocellular carcinomaHNSCChead and neck squamous cell carcinomaIAPinhibitor of apoptosis proteinIκBαinhibitor of κB alphaIKKinhibitor of κB kinaseIRionizing radiationlncRNAlong non-coding RNAlucluciferaseMcl-1myeloid cell leukemia-1MDR1multidrug resistance protein 1miRmicroRNAMMP-9matrix metalloproteinase-9mTORmammalian target of rapamycinNBneuroblastomaNF-κBnuclear factor-κBNPCnasopharyngeal carcinomaNSCLCnon-small cell lung cancerOSCCoral squamous cell carcinomaPARPpoly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerasepH2AXphosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactivePI3Kphosphatidylinositol 3-kinasePrp4KPre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinaseRCCrenal cell carcinomaROSreactive oxygen speciesSCCsquamous cell carcinomaSLNsolid lipid nanoparticleSOD2superoxide dismutase 2TERTtelomerase reverse transcriptaseTNF-αtumor necrosis factor-αTxnRd1thioredoxin reductase-1VEGFvascular endothelial growth factorXIAPX-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteinΔΨmmitochondrial membrane potential.
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Guevara-Flores A, Martínez-González JDJ, Herrera-Juárez ÁM, Rendón JL, González-Andrade M, Torres Durán PV, Enríquez-Habib RG, del Arenal Mena IP. Effect of curcuminoids and curcumin derivate products on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Evidence suggesting a curcumin oxidation product as a suitable inhibitor. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220098. [PMID: 31329647 PMCID: PMC6645542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma is a traditional ingredient of some Eastern cuisines, and the spice is heralded for its antitumoral and antiparasitic properties. In this report, we examine the effect of the curcuminoides which include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC), as well as curcumin degradation products on thioredoxin glutathione reductase from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci Results revealed that both DMC and BDMC were inhibitors of TGR activity in the micromolar concentration range. By contrast, the inhibitory ability of curcumin was a time-dependent process. Kinetic and spectroscopical evidence suggests that an intermediary compound of curcumin oxidation, probably spiroepoxide, is responsible. Preincubation of curcumin in the presence of NADPH, but not glutathione disulfide (GSSG), resulted in the loss of its inhibitory ability, suggesting a reductive stabilizing effect. Similarly, preincubation of curcumin with sulfhydryl compounds fully protected the enzyme from inhibition. Degradation products were tested for their inhibitory potential, and 4-vinylguaiacol was the best inhibitor (IC50 = 12.9 μM), followed by feruloylmethane (IC50 = 122 μM), vanillin (IC50 = 127 μM), and ferulic aldehyde (IC50 = 180 μM). The acid derivatives ferulic acid (IC50 = 465 μM) and vanillic acid (IC50 = 657 μM) were poor inhibitors. On the other hand, results from docking analysis revealed a common binding site on the enzyme for all the compounds, albeit interacting with different amino acid residues. Dissociation constants obtained from the docking were in accord with the inhibitory efficiency of the curcumin degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guevara-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Luis Rendón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Guillermo Enríquez-Habib
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vo DT, Karanam NK, Ding L, Saha D, Yordy JS, Giri U, Heymach JV, Story MD. miR-125a-5p Functions as Tumor Suppressor microRNA And Is a Marker of Locoregional Recurrence And Poor prognosis in Head And Neck Cancer. Neoplasia 2019; 21:849-862. [PMID: 31325708 PMCID: PMC6642270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNAs, measuring 21 to 23 nucleotides in length and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through mRNA destabilization or repressing protein synthesis. Dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to tumorigenesis through changes in regulation of key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell survival, and apoptosis. miR-125a-5p has been implicated as a tumor suppressor miRNA in malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer and colon cancer. However, the role of miR-125a-5p has not been fully investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We performed microRNA microarray profiling of HNSCC tumor samples obtained from a prospective clinical trial evaluating the role of postoperative radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. We also mined through The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate expression and survival data. Biological experiments, including cell proliferation, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion, clonogenic survival, and fluorescent microscopy, were conducted using HN5 and UM-SCC-22B cell lines. miR-125a-5p downregulation was associated with recurrent disease in a panel of high-risk HNSCC and then confirmed poor survival associated with low expression in HNSCC via the Cancer Genome Atlas, suggesting that miR-125a-5p acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA. We then demonstrated that miR-125a-5p regulates cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation at the G1/S transition. We also show that miR-125a-5p can alter cell migration and modulate sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Finally, we identified putative mRNA targets of miR-125a-5p, including ERBB2, EIF4EBP1, and TXNRD1, which support the tumor suppressive mechanism of miR-125a-5p. Functional validation of ERBB2 suggests that miR-125a-5p affects cell proliferation and sensitivity to ionizing radiation, in part, through ERBB2. Our data suggests that miR-125a-5p acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA, has potential as a diagnostic tool and may be a potential therapeutic target for the management and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat T Vo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Narasimha Kumar Karanam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lianghao Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John S Yordy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Uma Giri
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.
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Wang H, Jiang H, Corbet C, de Mey S, Law K, Gevaert T, Feron O, De Ridder M. Piperlongumine increases sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to radiation: Involvement of ROS production via dual inhibition of glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:42-52. [PMID: 30790679 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), naturally synthesized in long pepper, is known to selectively kill tumor cells via perturbation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. ROS are the primary effector molecules of radiation, and increase of ROS production by pharmacological modulation is known to enhance radioresponse. We therefore investigated the radiosensitizing effect of PL in colorectal cancer cells (CT26 and DLD-1) and CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Firstly, we found that PL induced excessive production of ROS due to depletion of glutathione and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Secondly, PL enhanced both the intrinsic and hypoxic radiosensitivity of tumor cells, linked to ROS-mediated increase of DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cellular respiration. Finally, the radiosensitizing effect of PL was verified in vivo. PL improved the tumor response to both single and fractionated radiation, resulting in a significant increase of survival rate of tumor-bearing mice, while it was ineffective on its own. In line with in vitro findings, enhanced radioresponse is associated with inhibition of antioxidant systems. In conclusion, our results suggest that PL could be a potential radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kalun Law
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Liu T, Zhang J, Han X, Xu J, Wu Y, Fang J. Promotion of HeLa cells apoptosis by cynaropicrin involving inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and induction of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:216-226. [PMID: 30880248 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the highly mortal diseases globally. This is largely due to the lack of efficacious medicines for tumors, and thus development of potent anticancer agents is urgently needed. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is crucial to the survival ability of cells and its expression is up-regulated in many human tumors. Recently, increasing evidence has been established that mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a selenocysteine-containing protein and the core component of the thioredoxin system, is a promising therapeutic target. The sesquiterpene lactone compound cynaropicrin (CYN), a major component of Cynara scolymus L., has shown multiple pharmacological functions, especially the anticancer effect, in many experimental models. Most of these functions are concomitant with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the target of this promising natural anticancer product in redox control has rarely been explored. In this study, we showed that CYN induces apoptosis of Hela cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that CYN impinges on the thioredoxin system via inhibition of TrxR, which leads to Trx oxidation and ROS accumulation in HeLa cells. Particularly, the cytotoxicity of CYN is enhanced through the genetic knockdown of TrxR, supporting the pharmacological effect of CYN is relevant to its inhibition of TrxR. Together, our studies reveal an unprecedented mechanism accounting for the anticancer effect of CYN and identify a promising therapeutic agent worthy of further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Industrial Technology Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yueting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Pulaski L, Jatczak-Pawlik I, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Strapagiel D, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. 3-Bromopyruvate induces expression of antioxidant genes. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:170-178. [PMID: 30362385 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1541176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An alkylating compound, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-3-bromopyruvic acid (BP)) is a promising anti-cancer agent, potentially able to act on multidrug-resistant cells. Its action has been attributed mainly to inhibition of glycolysis. This compound induces also oxidative stress at a cellular level. The effects of 3-BP on gene expression have not been studied although they may determine the survival of cells exposed to 3-BP. The aim of this paper was to examine the effect 3-BP on gene expression pattern in breast MCF-7 cancer cells. Detection of the differences in gene expression was performed using microarrays and dysregulated genes were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Exposure of cells to 100 µM 3-BP for 6, 12 and 24 increased expression and diminished expression of 39 and 6 genes, respectively. Among the induced genes, 22 belong to general cellular stress response genes, maintenance genes involved in redox homeostasis, responding to oxidative stress (among them metallothioneins, low-molecular-weight thiol homeostasis enzymes and genes coding for NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases operating on complex organic substrates, including aldo-keto reductases). These results demonstrate that transient oxidative stress in cells exposed to 3-BP is followed by antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Pulaski
- a Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Lodz , Poland.,b Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Izabela Jatczak-Pawlik
- b Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- c Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- c Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- b Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- d Department of Analytical Biochemistry Faculty of Biology and Agriculture , University of Rzeszow , Rzeszow , Poland
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Salehi B, Lopez-Jornet P, Pons-Fuster López E, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad M, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Forman K, Fernández M, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Martins N, Rodrigues CF, Sharifi-Rad J. Plant-Derived Bioactives in Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Key Emphasis to Curcumin, Lycopene, Chamomile, Aloe vera, Green Tea and Coffee Properties. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030106. [PMID: 30884918 PMCID: PMC6468600 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal lesions have many etiologies, including viral or bacterial infections, local trauma or irritation, systemic disorders, and even excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption. Folk knowledge on medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions has gained special attention among the scientific community. Thus, this review aims to provide a brief overview on the traditional knowledge of plants in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions. This review was carried out consulting reports between 2008 and 2018 of PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The chosen keywords were plant, phytochemical, oral mucosa, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus and oral health. A special emphasis was given to certain plants (e.g., chamomile, Aloe vera, green tea, and coffea) and plant-derived bioactives (e.g., curcumin, lycopene) with anti-oral mucosal lesion activity. Finally, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies examining both the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals were also carefully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Instituto Murciano de InvestigaciónBiosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer Adv. Marques de los velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Pons-Fuster López
- University of Murciaand, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, Adv. Marques de los velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Forman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Marcos Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35198-99951, Iran.
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Han X, Zhang J, Shi D, Wu Y, Liu R, Liu T, Xu J, Yao X, Fang J. Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase by Ibrutinib Promotes Apoptosis of SMMC-7721 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:212-222. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Silva GÁF, Nunes RAL, Morale MG, Boccardo E, Aguayo F, Termini L. Oxidative stress: therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer treatment. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e548s. [PMID: 30540121 PMCID: PMC6257060 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e548s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation and elimination of oxidant species. This condition may result in DNA, RNA and protein damage, leading to the accumulation of genetic alterations that can favor malignant transformation. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus types is associated with inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species production. In this context, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and high-risk human papillomavirus can act in a synergistic manner. To counteract the harmful effects of oxidant species, protective molecules, known as antioxidant defenses, are produced by cells to maintain redox homeostasis. In recent years, the use of natural antioxidants as therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment has attracted the attention of the scientific community. This review discusses specific molecules and mechanisms that can act against or together with oxidative stress, presenting alternatives for cervical cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ávila Fernandes Silva
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratorio de Oncovirologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Cronicas (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Oncologia Basico Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lara Termini
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Wang L, Jing J, Yan H, Tang J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Selenium Pretreatment Alleviated LPS-Induced Immunological Stress Via Upregulation of Several Selenoprotein Encoding Genes in Murine RAW264.7 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:505-513. [PMID: 29671252 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to profile selenoprotein encoding genes in mouse RAW264.7 cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and integrate their roles into immunological regulation in response to selenium (Se) pretreatment. LPS was used to develop immunological stress in macrophages. Cells were pretreated with different levels of Se (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 μmol Se/L) for 2 h, followed by LPS (100 ng/mL) stimulation for another 3 h. The mRNA expression of 24 selenoprotein encoding genes and 9 inflammation-related genes were investigated. The results showed that LPS (100 ng/mL) effectively induced immunological stress in RAW264.7 cells with induced inflammation cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, mRNA expression, and cellular secretion. LPS increased (P < 0.05) mRNA profiles of 9 inflammation-related genes in cells, while short-time Se pretreatment modestly reversed (P < 0.05) the LPS-induced upregulation of 7 genes (COX-2, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, and MCP-1) and further increased (P < 0.05) expression of IFN-β and TNF-α in stressed cells. Meanwhile, LPS decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of 18 selenoprotein encoding genes and upregulated mRNA levels of TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 in cells. Se pretreatment recovered (P < 0.05) expression of 3 selenoprotein encoding genes (GPX1, SELENOH, and SELENOW) in a dose-dependent manner and increased (P < 0.05) expression of another 5 selenoprotein encoding genes (SELENOK, SELENOM, SELENOS, SELENOT, and TXNRD2) only at a high level (2.0 μmol Se/L). Taken together, LPS-induced immunological stress in RAW264.7 cells accompanied with the global downregulation of selenoprotein encoding genes and Se pretreatment alleviated immunological stress via upregulation of a subset of selenoprotein encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiong Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinzhong Jing
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang J, Duan D, Xu J, Fang J. Redox-Dependent Copper Carrier Promotes Cellular Copper Uptake and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33010-33021. [PMID: 30209950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transportation of exogenous copper ions into cancer cells by copper carriers has gained increasing interest for cancer chemotherapy. We disclosed herein a redox-dependent copper carrier, 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DPy), which binds copper ions and carries the cargo into cells. The cellular reducing environment cleaved the disulfide bond in DPy to facilitate unloading copper ions. The elevated copper level then elicits oxidative stress and subsequently promotes the reformation of DPy. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the DPy/copper combination predominantly targets the cellular redox-regulating systems, including the thioredoxin system and the glutathione system, to induce the oxidative stress-mediated death of tumor cells. The discovery of DPy as a cleavable and recyclable copper shuttle provides a proof of concept for designing novel biomaterials for copper transportation as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Industrial Technology Institute , Dalian University of Technology , Panjin Campus , Panjin 124221 , China
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Jiang H, Wang H, De Ridder M. Targeting antioxidant enzymes as a radiosensitizing strategy. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:154-164. [PMID: 30223069 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents a major anti-cancer modality and effectively kills cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, cancer cells are commonly characterized by increased activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes in adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress, leading to radioresistance. Abrogation of this defense network by pharmacological ROS insults therefore is shown to improve radioresponse in preclinical models; some of them are then tested in clinical trials. In this review, we address (1) the importance of ROS in radioresponse, (2) the main systems regulating redox homeostasis with a special focus on their prognostic effect and predictive role in radiotherapy, and (3) the potential radiosensitizers acting through inhibition of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wang H, Bouzakoura S, de Mey S, Jiang H, Law K, Dufait I, Corbet C, Verovski V, Gevaert T, Feron O, Van den Berge D, Storme G, De Ridder M. Auranofin radiosensitizes tumor cells through targeting thioredoxin reductase and resulting overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35728-35742. [PMID: 28415723 PMCID: PMC5482612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Auranofin (AF) is an anti-arthritic drug considered for combined chemotherapy due to its ability to impair the redox homeostasis in tumor cells. In this study, we asked whether AF may in addition radiosensitize tumor cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a critical enzyme in the antioxidant defense system operating through the reductive protein thioredoxin. Our principal findings in murine 4T1 and EMT6 tumor cells are that AF at 3-10 μM is a potent radiosensitizer in vitro, and that at least two mechanisms are involved in TrxR-mediated radiosensitization. The first one is linked to an oxidative stress, as scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by N-acetyl cysteine counteracted radiosensitization. We also observed a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption with spared oxygen acting as a radiosensitizer under hypoxic conditions. Overall, radiosensitization was accompanied by ROS overproduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and apoptosis, a common mechanism underlying both cytotoxic and antitumor effects of AF. In tumor-bearing mice, a simultaneous disruption of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems by the combination of AF and buthionine sulfoximine was shown to significantly improve tumor radioresponse. In conclusion, our findings illuminate TrxR in cancer cells as an exploitable radiobiological target and warrant further validation of AF in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soumaya Bouzakoura
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kalun Law
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valeri Verovski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van den Berge
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Storme
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Curcumin in Advancing Treatment for Gynecological Cancers with Developed Drug- and Radiotherapy-Associated Resistance. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 176:107-129. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mishra K, Alsbeih G. Appraisal of biochemical classes of radioprotectors: evidence, current status and guidelines for future development. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:292. [PMID: 28868219 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient radioprotective agents to protect from radiation-induced toxicity, due to planned or accidental radiation exposure, is still ongoing worldwide. Despite decades of research and development of widely different biochemical classes of natural and derivative compounds, a safe and effective radioprotector is largely unmet. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the evidence for the radioprotective performance of classical thiols, vitamins, minerals, dietary antioxidants, phytochemicals, botanical and bacterial preparations, DNA-binding agents, cytokines, and chelators including adaptogens. Where radioprotection was demonstrated, the compounds have shown moderate dose modifying factors ranging from 1.1 to 2.7. To date, only few compounds found way to clinic with limited margin of dose prescription due to side effects. Most of these compounds (amifostine, filgratism, pegfilgrastim, sargramostim, palifermin, recombinant salmonella flagellin, Prussian blue, potassium iodide) act primarily via scavenging of free radicals, modulation of oxidative stress, signal transduction, cell proliferation or enhance radionuclide elimination. However, the gain in radioprotection remains hampered with low margin of tolerance. Future development of more effective radioprotectors requires an appropriate nontoxic compound, a model system and biomarkers of radiation exposure. These are important to test the effectiveness of radioprotection on physiological tissues during radiotherapy and field application in cases of nuclear eventualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand Mishra
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi Alsbeih
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sznarkowska A, Kostecka A, Meller K, Bielawski KP. Inhibition of cancer antioxidant defense by natural compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15996-16016. [PMID: 27911871 PMCID: PMC5362541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All classic, non-surgical anticancer approaches like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or photodynamic therapy kill cancer cells by inducing severe oxidative stress. Even tough chemo- and radiotherapy are still a gold standard in cancer treatment, the identification of non-toxic compounds that enhance their selectivity, would allow for lowering their doses, reduce side effects and risk of second cancers. Many natural products have the ability to sensitize cancer cells to oxidative stress induced by chemo- and radiotherapy by limiting antioxidant capacity of cancer cells. Blocking antioxidant defense in tumors decreases their ability to balance oxidative insult and results in cell death. Though one should bear in mind that the same natural compound often exerts both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties, depending on concentration used, cell type, exposure time and environmental conditions. Here we present a comprehensive overview of natural products that inhibit major antioxidant defense mechanisms in cancer cells and discuss their potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sznarkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Meller
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are essential components of the Trx system which plays pivotal roles in regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. In recent years TrxR/Trx have been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of tumor development, and hence targeting TrxR/Trx is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review we first discuss the structural details of TrxR, the functions of the Trx system, and the rational of targeting TrxR/Trx for cancer treatment. We also highlight small-molecule TrxR/Trx inhibitors that have potential anticancer activity and review their mechanisms of action. Finally, we examine the challenges of developing TrxR/Trx inhibitors as anticancer agents and perspectives for selectively targeting TrxR/Trx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Zhang J, Peng S, Li X, Liu R, Han X, Fang J. Targeting thioredoxin reductase by plumbagin contributes to inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 619:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Zhang J, Yao J, Peng S, Li X, Fang J. Securinine disturbs redox homeostasis and elicits oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via targeting thioredoxin reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhang B, Zhang J, Peng S, Liu R, Li X, Hou Y, Han X, Fang J. Thioredoxin reductase inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:547-556. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1272576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Verginadis II, Kanade R, Bell B, Koduri S, Ben-Josef E, Koumenis C. A Novel Mouse Model to Study Image-Guided, Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury and Preclinical Screening of Radioprotectors. Cancer Res 2016; 77:908-917. [PMID: 28011621 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is an important treatment modality for gastrointestinal tumors, but intestinal injury is a common side effect. Here we describe a physiologically relevant model for studying the molecular determinants of radiation-induced intestinal damage and testing novel radioprotectors. The model employs a radiopaque marker implanted into the surface of the mouse jejunum, serving as a fiducial marker for precise radiation targeting. Mice were imaged with Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and irradiated (IR) to the marked area using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). IR-induced damage was acute but reversible and largely restricted to the area of the marker, leaving the surrounding tissues intact. Although whole gut irradiation with these doses caused lethal GI syndrome, focal (5 mm) radiation of the intestine did not cause any weight loss or lethality. However, fibrosis and collagen deposition 4 months post-IR indicated chronic intestinal damage. A separate cohort of mice was treated daily with curcumin, a clinically tested radioprotector, prior to and post-IR. Curcumin-treated mice showed significant decreases in both local and systemic inflammatory cytokine levels and in fibrosis, suggesting it is an effective radioprotector of the intestine. Our results indicate that this model, which emulates clinically relevant intestinal radiation-induced injury, can be used to assess radioprotectors prior to testing in the clinic. Cancer Res; 77(4); 908-17. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis I Verginadis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rahul Kanade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brett Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sravya Koduri
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edgar Ben-Josef
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Bigdeli B, Goliaei B, Masoudi-Khoram N, Jooyan N, Nikoofar A, Rouhani M, Haghparast A, Mamashli F. Enterolactone: A novel radiosensitizer for human breast cancer cell lines through impaired DNA repair and increased apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:180-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Yamamoto VN, Thylur DS, Bauschard M, Schmale I, Sinha UK. Overcoming radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 63:44-51. [PMID: 27938999 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet therapeutic efficacy is hindered by treatment-associated toxicity and tumor recurrence. In comparison to other cancers, innovation has proved challenging, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab being the only new radiosensitizing agent approved by the FDA in over half a century. This review examines the physiological mechanisms that contribute to radioresistance in HNSCC as well as preclinical and clinical data regarding novel radiosensitizing agents, with an emphasis on those with highest translational promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky N Yamamoto
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - David S Thylur
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Bauschard
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Schmale
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Uttam K Sinha
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Topkas E, Cai N, Cumming A, Hazar-Rethinam M, Gannon OM, Burgess M, Saunders NA, Endo-Munoz L. Auranofin is a potent suppressor of osteosarcoma metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:831-44. [PMID: 26573231 PMCID: PMC4808036 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for 56% of malignant bone cancers in children and adolescents. Patients with localized disease rarely develop metastasis; however, pulmonary metastasis occurs in approximately 50% of patients and leads to a 5-year survival rate of only 10–20%. Therefore, identifying the genes and pathways involved in metastasis, as new therapeutic targets, is crucial to improve long-term survival of OS patients. Novel markers that define metastatic OS were identified using comparative transcriptomic analyses of two highly metastatic (C1 and C6) and two poorly metastatic clonal variants (C4 and C5) isolated from the metastatic OS cell line, KHOS. Using this approach, we determined that the metastatic phenotype correlated with overexpression of thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Validation in patient biopsies confirmed TXNRD2 and VEGF targets were highly expressed in 29–42% of metastatic OS patient biopsies, with no detectable expression in non-malignant bone or samples from OS patients with localised disease. Auranofin (AF) was used to selectively target and inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). At low doses, AF was able to inhibit TrxR activity without a significant effect on cell viability whereas at higher doses, AF could induce ROS-dependent apoptosis. AF treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the development of pulmonary metastasis and we provide evidence that this effect may be due to an AF-dependent increase in cellular ROS. Thus, TXNRD2 may represent a novel druggable target that could be deployed to reduce the development of fatal pulmonary metastases in patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Topkas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Na Cai
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Cumming
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Orla Margaret Gannon
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda Burgess
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Andrew Saunders
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liliana Endo-Munoz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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