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Finisguerra V, Dvorakova T, Formenti M, Van Meerbeeck P, Mignion L, Gallez B, Van den Eynde BJ. Metformin improves cancer immunotherapy by directly rescuing tumor-infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes from hypoxia-induced immunosuppression. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005719. [PMID: 37147018 PMCID: PMC10163559 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their revolutionary success in cancer treatment over the last decades, immunotherapies encounter limitations in certain tumor types and patients. The efficacy of immunotherapies depends on tumor antigen-specific CD8 T-cell viability and functionality within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, where oxygen levels are often low. Hypoxia can reduce CD8 T-cell fitness in several ways and CD8 T cells are mostly excluded from hypoxic tumor regions. Given the challenges to achieve durable reduction of hypoxia in the clinic, ameliorating CD8 T-cell survival and effector function in hypoxic condition could improve tumor response to immunotherapies. METHODS Activated CD8 T cells were exposed to hypoxia and metformin and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for cell proliferation, apoptosis and phenotype. In vivo, metformin was administered to mice bearing hypoxic tumors and receiving either adoptive cell therapy with tumor-specific CD8 T cells, or immune checkpoint inhibitors; tumor growth was followed over time and CD8 T-cell infiltration, survival and localization in normoxic or hypoxic tumor regions were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Tumor oxygenation and hypoxia were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and pimonidazole staining, respectively. RESULTS We found that the antidiabetic drug metformin directly improved CD8 T-cell fitness in hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo. Metformin rescued murine and human CD8 T cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and increased their proliferation and cytokine production, while blunting the upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3. This appeared to result from a reduced production of reactive oxygen species, due to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Differently from what others reported, metformin did not reduce tumor hypoxia, but rather increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and survival in hypoxic tumor areas, and synergized with cyclophosphamide to enhance tumor response to adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade in different tumor models. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel mechanism of action of metformin and presents a promising strategy to achieve immune rejection in hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors, which would otherwise be resistant to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Finisguerra
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza Dvorakova
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Formenti
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (REMA) Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (REMA) Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Science and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Attanzio A, Restivo I, Tutone M, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Livrea MA. Redox Properties, Bioactivity and Health Effects of Indicaxanthin, a Bioavailable Phytochemical from Opuntia ficus indica, L.: A Critical Review of Accumulated Evidence and Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122364. [PMID: 36552572 PMCID: PMC9774763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from plant foods are considered essential to human health. Known for their role in the adaptation of plants to their environment, these compounds can induce adaptive responses in cells, many of which are directed at maintaining the redox tone. Indicaxanthin is a long-known betalain pigment found in the genus Opuntia of cactus pear and highly concentrated in the edible fruits of O. ficus indica, L. whose bioactivity has been overlooked until recently. This review summarizes studies conducted so far in vitro and in vivo, most of which have been performed in our laboratory. The chemical and physicochemical characteristics of Indicaxanthin are reflected in the molecule's reducing properties and antioxidant effects and help explain its ability to interact with membranes, modulate redox-regulated cellular pathways, and possibly bind to protein molecules. Measurement of bioavailability in volunteers has been key to exploring its bioactivity; amounts consistent with dietary intake, or plasma concentration after dietary consumption of cactus pear fruit, have been used in experimental setups mimicking physiological or pathophysiological conditions, in cells and in animals, finally suggesting pharmacological potential and relevance of Indicaxanthin as a nutraceutical. In reporting experimental results, this review also aimed to raise questions and seek insights for further basic research and health promotion applications.
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Huang F, Santinon F, Flores González RE, del Rincón SV. Melanoma Plasticity: Promoter of Metastasis and Resistance to Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756001. [PMID: 34604096 PMCID: PMC8481945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Although targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, most patients are not cured. Therapy resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Melanoma comprises phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cells, exhibiting distinct gene signatures leading to tumor heterogeneity and favoring therapeutic resistance. Cellular plasticity in melanoma is referred to as phenotype switching. Regardless of their genomic classification, melanomas switch from a proliferative and differentiated phenotype to an invasive, dedifferentiated and often therapy-resistant state. In this review we discuss potential mechanisms underpinning melanoma phenotype switching, how this cellular plasticity contributes to resistance to both targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Finally, we highlight novel strategies to target plasticity and their potential clinical impact in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Santinon
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raúl Ernesto Flores González
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V. del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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The Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Receiving First-Line Therapy. Target Oncol 2021; 16:529-536. [PMID: 34076798 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since a non-negligible fraction of patients with metastatic melanoma does not experience long-term disease control, even with immunotherapy and targeted therapy, new biomarkers for patient stratification and treatment tailoring are needed in this setting. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of a novel immune-inflammatory blood-based biomarker, the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV), with clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma receiving first-line therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively included patients treated at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan and having an available baseline complete blood cell count (CBC). PIV was calculated as: [neutrophil count (103/mm3) × platelet count (103/mm3) × monocyte count (103/mm3)]/lymphocyte count (103/mm3). RESULTS A total of 228 patients were included: 119 (52%) had been treated with immunotherapy and 109 (48%) with targeted therapy. PIV was significantly higher in patients with ECOG PS ≥ 1, high disease burden, synchronous metastases, and elevated baseline LDH level. High baseline PIV was independently associated with poor overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-3.29; adjusted P = 0.002) and progression-free survival (adjusted HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.01-2.41; adjusted P = 0.044). High PIV was also associated with primary resistance to both immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.98; 95% CI 1.45-12.32; P = 0.005) and targeted therapy (OR: 8.42; 95% CI 2.50-34.5; P < 0.001). PIV showed a promising discrimination ability in terms of AIC and c-index when compared with other CBC-based biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS PIV may guide the treatment decision process and the development of novel first-line treatment strategies in melanoma, but warrants further study and validation.
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Canè S, Van Snick J, Uyttenhove C, Pilotte L, Van den Eynde BJ. TGFβ1 neutralization displays therapeutic efficacy through both an immunomodulatory and a non-immune tumor-intrinsic mechanism. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001798. [PMID: 33637600 PMCID: PMC7919595 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is emerging as a promising target for cancer therapy, given its ability to promote progression of advanced tumors and to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. However, TGFβ also plays multiple roles in normal tissues, particularly during organogenesis, raising toxicity concerns about TGFβ blockade. Dose-limiting cardiovascular toxicity was observed, possibly due to the blockade of all three TGFβ isoforms. The dominant isoform in tumors is TGFβ1, while TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 seem to be more involved in cardiovascular development. Recent data indicated that selective targeting of TGFβ1 promoted the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD1 in transplanted preclinical tumor models, without cardiovascular toxicity. METHODS To further explore the therapeutic potential of isoform-specific TGFβ blockade, we developed neutralizing mAbs targeting mature TGFβ1 or TGFβ3, and tested them, in parallel with anti-panTGFβ mAb 1D11, in two preclinical models: the transplanted colon cancer model CT26, and the autochthonous melanoma model TiRP. RESULTS We observed that the blockade of TGFβ1, but not that of TGFβ3, increased the efficacy of a prophylactic cellular vaccine against colon cancer CT26. This effect was similar to pan-TGFβ blockade, and was associated with increased infiltration of activated CD8 T cells in the tumor, and reduced levels of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In contrast, in the autochthonous TiRP melanoma model, we observed therapeutic efficacy of the TGFβ1-specific mAb as a single agent, while the TGFβ3 mAb was inactive. In this model, the anti-tumor effect of TGFβ1 blockade was tumor intrinsic rather than immune mediated, as it was also observed in T-cell depleted mice. Mechanistically, TGFβ1 blockade increased mouse survival by delaying the phenotype switch, akin to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which transforms initially pigmented tumors into highly aggressive unpigmented tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm TGFβ1 as the relevant isoform to target for cancer therapy, not only in combination with checkpoint inhibitors, but also with other immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines. Moreover, TGFβ1 blockade can also act as a monotherapy, through a tumor-intrinsic effect blocking the EMT-like transition. Because human melanomas that resist therapy often express a gene signature that links TGFβ1 with EMT-related genes, these results support the clinical development of TGFβ1-specific mAbs in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Canè
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, De Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacques Van Snick
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, De Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Uyttenhove
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, De Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, De Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, De Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Ballotti R, Cheli Y, Bertolotto C. The complex relationship between MITF and the immune system: a Melanoma ImmunoTherapy (response) Factor? Mol Cancer 2020; 19:170. [PMID: 33276788 PMCID: PMC7718690 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitory therapy (ICT) in advanced melanomas is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The molecular determinants of the resistance have been extensively studied, but these discoveries have not yet been translated into therapeutic benefits. As such, a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment, to surmount the therapeutic impasses linked to the resistance, is an important ongoing challenge.This review outlines the multifaceted interplay between microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a major determinant of the biology of melanoma cells, and the immune system. In melanomas, MITF functions downstream oncogenic pathways and microenvironment stimuli that restrain the immune responses. We highlight how MITF, by controlling differentiation and genome integrity, may regulate melanoma-specific antigen expression by interfering with the endolysosomal pathway, KARS1, and antigen processing and presentation. MITF also modulates the expression of coinhibitory receptors, i.e., PD-L1 and HVEM, and the production of an inflammatory secretome, which directly affects the infiltration and/or activation of the immune cells.Furthermore, MITF is also a key determinant of melanoma cell plasticity and tumor heterogeneity, which are undoubtedly one of the major hurdles for an effective immunotherapy. Finally, we briefly discuss the role of MITF in kidney cancer, where it also plays a key role, and in immune cells, establishing MITF as a central mediator in the regulation of immune responses in melanoma and other cancers.We propose that a better understanding of MITF and immune system intersections could help in the tailoring of current ICT in melanomas and pave the way for clinical benefits and long-lasting responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ballotti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Yann Cheli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.
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Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells to Improve Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121832. [PMID: 31766350 PMCID: PMC6966642 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced STAT3-activation is central to tumor progression by promoting cancer cell expression of pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors. STAT3 is also activated in infiltrating immune cells including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) amplifying immune suppression. Consequently, STAT3 is considered as a target for cancer therapy. However, its interplay with other STAT-family members or transcription factors such as NF-κB has to be considered in light of their concerted regulation of immune-related genes. Here, we discuss new attempts at re-educating immune suppressive tumor-associated macrophages towards a CD8 T cell supporting profile, with an emphasis on the role of STAT transcription factors on TAM functional programs. Recent clinical trials using JAK/STAT inhibitors highlighted the negative effects of these molecules on the maintenance and function of effector/memory T cells. Concerted regulation of STAT3 and STAT5 activation in CD8 T effector and memory cells has been shown to impact their tumor-specific responses including intra-tumor accumulation, long-term survival, cytotoxic activity and resistance toward tumor-derived immune suppression. Interestingly, as an escape mechanism, melanoma cells were reported to impede STAT5 nuclear translocation in both CD8 T cells and NK cells. Ours and others results will be discussed in the perspective of new developments in engineered T cell-based adoptive therapies to treat cancer patients.
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8
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Zhu J, Petit PF, Van den Eynde BJ. Apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes: a new immune checkpoint mechanism. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:835-847. [PMID: 30406374 PMCID: PMC11028327 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on checkpoint inhibitors is providing substantial clinical benefit, but only to a minority of cancer patients. The current priority is to understand why the majority of patients fail to respond. Besides T-cell dysfunction, T-cell apoptosis was reported in several recent studies as a relevant mechanism of tumoral immune resistance. Several death receptors (Fas, DR3, DR4, DR5, TNFR1) can trigger apoptosis when activated by their respective ligands. In this review, we discuss the immunomodulatory role of the main death receptors and how these are shaping the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on Fas and its ligand. Fas-mediated apoptosis of T cells has long been known as a mechanism allowing the contraction of T-cell responses to prevent immunopathology, a phenomenon known as activation-induced cell death, which is triggered by induction of Fas ligand (FasL) expression on T cells themselves and qualifies as an immune checkpoint mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that other cells in the tumor microenvironment can express FasL and trigger apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), including endothelial cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The resulting disappearance of TIL prevents anti-tumor immunity and may in fact contribute to the absence of TIL that is typical of "cold" tumors that fail to respond to immunotherapy. Interfering with the Fas-FasL pathway in the tumor microenvironment has the potential to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 B1.74.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Florent Petit
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 B1.74.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 B1.74.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Allegra M, De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Attanzio A, Busà R, Cirino G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, Ianaro A. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor progression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:19-24. [PMID: 30466978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong, reciprocal crosstalk between inflammation and melanoma has rigorously been demonstrated in recent years, showing how crucial is a pro-inflammatory microenvironment to drive therapy resistance and metastasis. PURPOSE We investigated on the effects of Indicaxanthin, a novel, anti-inflammatory and bioavailable phytochemical from Opuntia Ficus Indica fruits, against human melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of indicaxanthin were evaluated against the proliferation of A375 human melanoma cell line and in a mice model of cutaneous melanoma. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, apoptosis by Annexin V-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate/Propidium Iodide staining, protein expression by western blotting, melanoma lesions were subcutaneously injected in mice with B16/F10 cells, chemokine release was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Data herein presented demonstrate that indicaxanthin effectively inhibits the proliferation of the highly metastatic and invasive A375 cells as shown by growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell invasiveness reduction. More interestingly, in vitro data were paralleled by those in vivo showing that indicaxanthin significantly reduced tumor development when orally administered to mice. The results of our study also clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effect of indicaxanthin, individuating the inhibition of NF-κB pathway as predominant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrated that indicaxanthin represents a novel phytochemical able to significantly inhibit human melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and to impair tumor progression in vivo. When considering the resistance of melanoma to the current therapeutical approach and the very limited number of phytochemicals able to partially counteract it, our findings may be of interest to explore indicaxanthin potential in further and more complex melanoma studies in combo therapy, i.e. where different check points of melanoma development are targeted.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma gene-2 (Bcl-2)
- CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
- Indicaxanthin
- Inflammation
- List of Abbrevations: AxV-FITC, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate
- MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- Melanoma
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NHEM, normal human epidermal melanocytes
- Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.Mill)
- PI, propidium iodide PI
- PhC, phytochemicals
- Phytochemical
- c-FLIP, FLICE-inhibitory protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Tsoi J, Robert L, Paraiso K, Galvan C, Sheu KM, Lay J, Wong DJL, Atefi M, Shirazi R, Wang X, Braas D, Grasso CS, Palaskas N, Ribas A, Graeber TG. Multi-stage Differentiation Defines Melanoma Subtypes with Differential Vulnerability to Drug-Induced Iron-Dependent Oxidative Stress. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:890-904.e5. [PMID: 29657129 PMCID: PMC5953834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation can result in melanoma cells that resemble different stages of their embryonic development. Our gene expression analysis of human melanoma cell lines and patient tumors revealed that melanoma follows a two-dimensional differentiation trajectory that can be subclassified into four progressive subtypes. This differentiation model is associated with subtype-specific sensitivity to iron-dependent oxidative stress and cell death known as ferroptosis. Receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase targeted therapies and activation of the inflammatory signaling associated with immune therapy involves transitions along this differentiation trajectory, which lead to increased sensitivity to ferroptosis. Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs present an orthogonal therapeutic approach to target the differentiation plasticity of melanoma cells to increase the efficacy of targeted and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsoi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lidia Robert
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kim Paraiso
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Galvan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johnson Lay
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Atefi
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roksana Shirazi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Nicolaos Palaskas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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11
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Resistance to cancer immunotherapy mediated by apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1404. [PMID: 29123081 PMCID: PMC5680273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive clinical success, cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade remains ineffective in many patients due to tumoral resistance. Here we use the autochthonous TiRP melanoma model, which recapitulates the tumoral resistance signature observed in human melanomas. TiRP tumors resist immunotherapy based on checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines or adoptive T-cell therapy. TiRP tumors recruit and activate tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, but these cells then undergo apoptosis. This does not occur with isogenic transplanted tumors, which are rejected after adoptive T-cell therapy. Apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can be prevented by interrupting the Fas/Fas-ligand axis, and is triggered by polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which express high levels of Fas-ligand and are enriched in TiRP tumors. Blocking Fas-ligand increases the anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in TiRP tumors, and increases the efficacy of checkpoint blockade in transplanted tumors. Therefore, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes apoptosis is a relevant mechanism of immunotherapy resistance, which could be blocked by interfering with the Fas/Fas-ligand pathway. Cancer immunotherapy is ineffective in a subset of patients. Here the authors show that, in a mouse model of melanoma, resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors relies on loss of tumor-specific T cells through FasL-mediated apoptosis triggered by polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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12
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The impact of melanoma genetics on treatment response and resistance in clinical and experimental studies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:53-75. [PMID: 28210865 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent attempts to characterize the melanoma mutational landscape using high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified new genes and pathways involved in the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma. Apart from mutated BRAF, NRAS, and KIT, a series of new recurrently mutated candidate genes with impact on signaling pathways have been identified such as NF1, PTEN, IDH1, RAC1, ARID2, and TP53. Under targeted treatment using BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors either alone or in combination, a majority of patients experience recurrences, which are due to different genetic mechanisms such as gene amplifications of BRAF or NRAS, MEK1/2 and PI3K mutations. In principle, resistance mechanisms converge on two signaling pathways, MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways. Resistance may be due to small subsets of resistant cells within a heterogeneous tumor mass not identified by sequencing of the bulk tumor. Future sequencing studies addressing tumor heterogeneity, e.g., by using single-cell sequencing technology, will most likely improve this situation. Gene expression patterns of metastatic lesions were also shown to predict treatment response, e.g., a MITF-low/NF-κB-high melanoma phenotype is resistant against classical targeted therapies. Finally, more recent treatment approaches using checkpoint inhibitors directed against PD-1 and CTLA-4 are very effective in melanoma and other tumor entities. Here, the mutational and neoantigen load of melanoma lesions may help to predict treatment response. Taken together, the new sequencing, molecular, and bioinformatic technologies exploiting the melanoma genome for treatment decisions have significantly improved our understanding of melanoma pathogenesis, treatment response, and resistance for either targeted treatment or immune checkpoint blockade.
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13
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Trabanelli S, Chevalier MF, Martinez-Usatorre A, Gomez-Cadena A, Salomé B, Lecciso M, Salvestrini V, Verdeil G, Racle J, Papayannidis C, Morita H, Pizzitola I, Grandclément C, Bohner P, Bruni E, Girotra M, Pallavi R, Falvo P, Leibundgut EO, Baerlocher GM, Carlo-Stella C, Taurino D, Santoro A, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A, Giarin E, Basso G, Tresoldi C, Ciceri F, Gfeller D, Akdis CA, Mazzarella L, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Marcenaro E, McKenzie ANJ, Vanhecke D, Coukos G, Mavilio D, Curti A, Derré L, Jandus C. Tumour-derived PGD2 and NKp30-B7H6 engagement drives an immunosuppressive ILC2-MDSC axis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:593. [PMID: 28928446 PMCID: PMC5605498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are involved in human diseases, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis and nasal polyposis, but their function in human cancer remains unclear. Here we show that, in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), ILC2s are increased and hyper-activated through the interaction of CRTH2 and NKp30 with elevated tumour-derived PGD2 and B7H6, respectively. ILC2s, in turn, activate monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) via IL-13 secretion. Upon treating APL with all-trans retinoic acid and achieving complete remission, the levels of PGD2, NKp30, ILC2s, IL-13 and M-MDSCs are restored. Similarly, disruption of this tumour immunosuppressive axis by specifically blocking PGD2, IL-13 and NKp30 partially restores ILC2 and M-MDSC levels and results in increased survival. Thus, using APL as a model, we uncover a tolerogenic pathway that may represent a relevant immunosuppressive, therapeutic targetable, mechanism operating in various human tumour types, as supported by our observations in prostate cancer.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) modulate inflammatory and allergic responses, but their function in cancer immunity is still unclear. Here the authors show that, in acute promyelocytic leukaemia, tumour-activated ILC2s secrete IL-13 to induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells and support tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trabanelli
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Mathieu F Chevalier
- Urology Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaia Martinez-Usatorre
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bérengère Salomé
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mariangela Lecciso
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Irene Pizzitola
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Camille Grandclément
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Bohner
- Urology Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Bruni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Mukul Girotra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rani Pallavi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Department of Hematology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Taurino
- Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy.,Università Statale di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giarin
- Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Laboratorio Ematologia Molecolare, Biobanca Neoplasie Ematologiche, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Divisione di Ricerca di Medicina Rigenerativa, Terapia Cellulare e Genica IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Division of Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DI.ME.S.)-Section of Histology, and Center of Excellent of Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Dominique Vanhecke
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurent Derré
- Urology Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3-02DB61, Ch. Des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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14
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15
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Frick M, Mouchacca P, Verdeil G, Hamon Y, Billaudeau C, Buferne M, Fallet M, Auphan-Anezin N, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Boyer C. Distinct patterns of cytolytic T-cell activation by different tumour cells revealed by Ca 2+ signalling and granule mobilization. Immunology 2016; 150:199-212. [PMID: 27716898 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-germline genes in both humans and mice have been shown to encode antigens susceptible to targeting by cytotoxic CD8 T effector cells (CTL). We analysed the ability of CTL to kill different tumour cell lines expressing the same cancer-germline gene P1A (Trap1a). We previously demonstrated that CTL expressing a T-cell receptor specific for the P1A35-43 peptide associated with H-2Ld , although able to induce regression of P1A-expressing P815 mastocytoma cells, were much less effective against P1A-expressing melanoma cells. Here, we analysed parameters of the in vitro interaction between P1A-specific CTL and mastocytoma or melanoma cells expressing similar levels of the P1A gene and of surface H-2Ld . The mastocytoma cells were more sensitive to cytolysis than the melanoma cells in vitro. Analysis by video-microscopy of early events required for target cell killing showed that similar patterns of increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) were induced by both types of P1A-expressing tumour cells. However, the use of CTL expressing a fluorescent granzyme B (GZMB-Tom) showed a delay in the migration of cytotoxic granules to the tumour interaction site, as well as a partially deficient GZMB-Tom exocytosis in response to the melanoma cells. Among surface molecules possibly affecting tumour-CTL interactions, the mastocytoma cells were found to express intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the ligand for LFA-1, which was not detected on the melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frick
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Mouchacca
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Billaudeau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Buferne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Fallet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Boyer
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
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16
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Hölzel M, Tüting T. Inflammation-Induced Plasticity in Melanoma Therapy and Metastasis. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:364-374. [PMID: 27151281 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype switching contributes to nongenomic heterogeneity in melanoma and other cancers. These dynamic and in part reversible phenotype changes impose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Understanding the reciprocal coevolution of melanoma and immune cell phenotypes during disease progression and in response to therapy is a prerequisite to improve current treatment strategies. Here we discuss how proinflammatory signals promote melanoma cell plasticity and govern interactions of melanoma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We examine phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity in different melanoma mouse models with respect to their utility for translational research and emphasize the interplay between melanoma cells and neutrophils as a critical driver of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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Riesenberg S, Groetchen A, Siddaway R, Bald T, Reinhardt J, Smorra D, Kohlmeyer J, Renn M, Phung B, Aymans P, Schmidt T, Hornung V, Davidson I, Goding CR, Jönsson G, Landsberg J, Tüting T, Hölzel M. MITF and c-Jun antagonism interconnects melanoma dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and myeloid cell recruitment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8755. [PMID: 26530832 PMCID: PMC4659938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, a source of non-genetic heterogeneity, but the molecular framework is poorly understood. Here we use functional genomic approaches and identify a reciprocal antagonism between the melanocyte lineage transcription factor MITF and c-Jun, which interconnects inflammation-induced dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness of melanoma cells favouring myeloid cell recruitment. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α instigate gradual suppression of MITF expression through c-Jun. MITF itself binds to the c-Jun regulatory genomic region and its reduction increases c-Jun expression that in turn amplifies TNF-stimulated cytokine expression with further MITF suppression. This feed-forward mechanism turns poor peak-like transcriptional responses to TNF-α into progressive and persistent cytokine and chemokine induction. Consistently, inflammatory MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) syngeneic mouse melanomas recruit myeloid immune cells into the tumour microenvironment as recapitulated by their human counterparts. Our study suggests myeloid cell-directed therapies may be useful for MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) melanomas to counteract their growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Riesenberg
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Groetchen
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Smorra
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kohlmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bengt Phung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Pia Aymans
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Cédex 67404, France
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Liu FF. Colorectal cancer immunotherapy: Current clinical studies and prospect of clinical application. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4464-4472. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i28.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a type of malignant gastrointestinal cancer with a high incidence rate. Current treatments, mostly surgery and chemotherapy, have not improved the 5-year survival rate of the patients significantly. About one-third of patients died of metastatic colorectal cancer eventually. Cancer immunotherapy has received more and more attention in recent years and become a hot research topic. Immunotherapy includes a variety of methods with an aim at improving the patient's own immune system and anti-tumor ability to control and kill tumor cells by the use of modern bio-technology. It has become the fourth form of cancer treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This paper expounds the types of tumor immunotherapy, their applications in colorectal cancer, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the relationship between inflammation microenvironment and immunotherapy, and the relationship between chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy may become an important component of individualized treatment for colorectal cancer in the near future.
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19
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Verdeil G. MAF drives CD8 + T-cell exhaustion. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1082707. [PMID: 27057466 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1082707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular regulation of tumor induced T-cell exhaustion remains poorly characterized. Recently, we compared the transcriptome of "exhausted" CD8+ T cells infiltrating melanomas to those of naive and acutely stimulated CD8+ T cells. We demonstrated that MAF is over-expressed and plays a key role in driving the transcriptional program of T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne , Biopole 3, Ch. des Boveresses 155 , Epalinges, Switzerland
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20
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de Aquino MTP, Malhotra A, Mishra MK, Shanker A. Challenges and future perspectives of T cell immunotherapy in cancer. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:117-33. [PMID: 26096822 PMCID: PMC4499494 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the formulation of the tumour immunosurveillance theory, considerable focus has been on enhancing the effectiveness of host antitumour immunity, particularly with respect to T cells. A cancer evades or alters the host immune response by various ways to ensure its development and survival. These include modifications of the immune cell metabolism and T cell signalling. An inhibitory cytokine milieu in the tumour microenvironment also leads to immune suppression and tumour progression within a host. This review traces the development in the field and attempts to summarize the hurdles that the approach of adoptive T cell immunotherapy against cancer faces, and discusses the conditions that must be improved to allow effective eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa P de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Anshu Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Tumor-Host Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Giordano M, Henin C, Maurizio J, Imbratta C, Bourdely P, Buferne M, Baitsch L, Vanhille L, Sieweke MH, Speiser DE, Auphan-Anezin N, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Verdeil G. Molecular profiling of CD8 T cells in autochthonous melanoma identifies Maf as driver of exhaustion. EMBO J 2015; 34:2042-58. [PMID: 26139534 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells infiltrating neoplasms express surface molecules typical of chronically virus-stimulated T cells, often termed "exhausted" T cells. We compared the transcriptome of "exhausted" CD8 T cells infiltrating autochthonous melanomas to those of naïve and acutely stimulated CD8 T cells. Despite strong similarities between transcriptional signatures of tumor- and virus-induced exhausted CD8 T cells, notable differences appeared. Among transcriptional regulators, Nr4a2 and Maf were highly overexpressed in tumor-exhausted T cells and significantly upregulated in CD8 T cells from human melanoma metastases. Transduction of murine tumor-specific CD8 T cells to express Maf partially reproduced the transcriptional program associated with tumor-induced exhaustion. Upon adoptive transfer, the transduced cells showed normal homeostasis but failed to accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts and developed defective anti-tumor effector responses. We further identified TGFβ and IL-6 as main inducers of Maf expression in CD8 T cells and showed that Maf-deleted tumor-specific CD8 T cells were much more potent to restrain tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, the melanoma microenvironment contributes to skewing of CD8 T cell differentiation programs, in part by TGFβ/IL-6-mediated induction of Maf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Giordano
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Henin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Maurizio
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Imbratta
- Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Department of Oncology and Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Buferne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lukas Baitsch
- Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Department of Oncology and Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vanhille
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Department of Oncology and Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 9, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
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22
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Verdeil G, Fuertes Marraco SA, Murray T, Speiser DE. From T cell "exhaustion" to anti-cancer immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1865:49-57. [PMID: 26123831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system has the potential to protect from malignant diseases for extended periods of time. Unfortunately, spontaneous immune responses are often inefficient. Significant effort is required to develop reliable, broadly applicable immunotherapies for cancer patients. A major innovation was transplantation with hematopoietic stem cells from genetically distinct donors for patients with hematologic malignancies. In this setting, donor T cells induce long-term remission by keeping cancer cells in check through powerful allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia effects. More recently, a long awaited breakthrough for patients with solid tissue cancers was achieved, by means of therapeutic blockade of T cell inhibitory receptors. In untreated cancer patients, T cells are dysfunctional and remain in a state of T cell "exhaustion". Nonetheless, they often retain a high potential for successful defense against cancer, indicating that many T cells are not entirely and irreversibly exhausted but can be mobilized to become highly functional. Novel antibody therapies that block inhibitory receptors can lead to strong activation of anti-tumor T cells, mediating clinically significant anti-cancer immunity for many years. Here we review these new treatments and the current knowledge on tumor antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Verdeil
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 9A, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 9A, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Murray
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 9A, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, Clinical Tumor Biology & Immunotherapy Group, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 9A, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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23
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Grange M, Giordano M, Mas A, Roncagalli R, Firaguay G, Nunes JA, Ghysdael J, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Auphan-Anezin N. Control of CD8 T cell proliferation and terminal differentiation by active STAT5 and CDKN2A/CDKN2B. Immunology 2015; 145:543-57. [PMID: 25882552 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells used in adoptive immunotherapy may be manipulated to optimize their effector functions, tissue-migratory properties and long-term replicative potential. We reported that antigen-stimulated CD8 T cells transduced to express an active form of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5CA) maintained these properties upon adoptive transfer. We now report on the requirements of STAT5CA-expressing CD8 T cells for cell survival and proliferation in vivo. We show that STAT5CA expression allows for greater expansion of T cells in vivo, while preserving dependency on T-cell-receptor-mediated tonic stimulation for their in vivo maintenance and return to a quiescent stage. STAT5CA expression promotes the formation of a large pool of effector memory T cells that respond upon re-exposure to antigen and present an increased sensitivity to γc receptor cytokine engagement for STAT5 phosphorylation. In addition, STAT5CA expression prolongs the survival of what would otherwise be short-lived terminally differentiated KLRG1-positive effector cells with up-regulated expression of the senescence-associated p16(INK) (4A) transcripts. However, development of a KLRG1-positive CD8 T cell population was independent of either p16(INK) (4A) or p19(ARF) expression (as shown using T cells from CDKN2A(-/-) mice) but was associated with expression of transcripts encoding p15(INK) (4B) , another protein involved in senescence induction. We conclude that T-cell-receptor- and cytokine-dependent regulation of effector T cell homeostasis, as well as mechanisms leading to senescent features of a population of CD8 T cells are maintained in STAT5CA-expressing CD8 T cells, even for cells that are genetically deficient in expression of the tumour suppressors p16(INK) (4A) and p19(ARF) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Grange
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Marilyn Giordano
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Mas
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Guylène Firaguay
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Ghysdael
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,Bat 110; CNRS UMR 3306, Orsay, France.,INSERM U1005, Orsay, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University UM2, Marseille, France.,INSERM, U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, 13288, Marseille, France
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24
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Arts N, Cané S, Hennequart M, Lamy J, Bommer G, Van den Eynde B, De Plaen E. microRNA-155, induced by interleukin-1ß, represses the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M) in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122517. [PMID: 25853464 PMCID: PMC4390329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of expression of surface antigens represents a significant problem for cancer immunotherapy. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M) regulates melanocyte fate by driving expression of many differentiation genes, whose protein products can be recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. We previously reported that interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) can downregulate MITF-M levels. Here we show that downregulation of MITF-M expression by IL-1ß was paralleled by an upregulation of miR-155 expression in four melanoma lines. We confirmed that miR-155 was able to target endogenous MITF-M in melanoma cells and demonstrated a role for miR-155 in the IL-1ß-induced repression of MITF-M by using an antagomiR. Notably, we also observed a strong negative correlation between MITF-M and miR-155 levels in a mouse model of melanoma. Taken together, our results indicate that MITF-M downregulation by inflammatory stimuli might be partly due to miR-155 upregulation. This could represent a novel mechanism of melanoma immune escape in an inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Arts
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefania Cané
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Hennequart
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juliette Lamy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido Bommer
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne De Plaen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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25
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Buferne M, Chasson L, Grange M, Mas A, Arnoux F, Bertuzzi M, Naquet P, Leserman L, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Auphan-Anezin N. IFNγ producing CD8 + T cells modified to resist major immune checkpoints induce regression of MHC class I-deficient melanomas. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e974959. [PMID: 25949872 PMCID: PMC4404920 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.974959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with reduced expression of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules may be unrecognized by tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and thus constitute a challenge for cancer immunotherapy. Here we monitored development of autochthonous melanomas in TiRP mice that develop tumors expressing a known tumor antigen as well as a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter knock in gene. The latter permits non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth by biofluorescence. One developing melanoma was deficient in cell surface expression of MHC-I, but MHC-I expression could be rescued by exposure of these cells to IFNγ. We show that CD8+ T cells specific for tumor antigen/MHC-I were efficient at inducing regression of the MHC-I-deficient melanoma, provided that the T cells were endowed with properties permitting their migration into the tumor and their efficient production of IFNγ. This was the case for CD8+ T cells transfected to express an active form of STAT5 (STAT5CA). The amount of IFNγ produced ex vivo from T cells present in tumors after adoptive transfer of the CD8+ T cells was correlated with an increase in surface expression of MHC-I molecules by the tumor cells. We also show that these CD8+ T cells expressed PD-1 and upregulated its ligand PDL-1 on melanoma cells within the tumor. Despite upregulation of this immunosuppressive pathway, efficient IFNγ production in the melanoma microenvironment was found associated with resistance of STAT5CA-expressing CD8+ T cells to inhibition both by PD-1/PDL-1 engagement and by TGFβ1, two main immune regulatory mechanisms hampering the efficiency of immunotherapy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Buferne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Magali Grange
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Amandine Mas
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Fanny Arnoux
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Mélanie Bertuzzi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Lee Leserman
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ; Marseille; France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Marseille; France
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26
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Verdeil G, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Unleashing antitumor T-cell activation without ensuing autoimmunity: the case for A20-deletion in adoptive CD8 + T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e958951. [PMID: 25941582 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.958951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms controlling immune reactivity prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity, but generally dampen antitumor activity. We recently showed that adoptively transferred antitumor CD8+ T cells harboring a deletion of A20/Tnfaip3, a molecule controlling NF-κB activation, possessed heightened antitumor activity in vivo. The boosted immunity of A20-deleted CD8+ T cells correlated with a heightened capacity to produce IFNγ and TNFα while expressing reduced levels of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Verdeil
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille Cedex, France ; INSERM U1104 ; Marseille, France ; CNRS UMR7280 ; Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML); UM2 Aix-Marseille Université ; Marseille Cedex, France ; INSERM U1104 ; Marseille, France ; CNRS UMR7280 ; Marseille, France
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27
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The tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, A20) imposes a brake on antitumor activity of CD8 T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11115-20. [PMID: 25024217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406259111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is central to inflammatory signaling and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of the NF-κB pathway is tightly controlled by several negative feedback mechanisms, including A20, an ubiquitin-modifying enzyme encoded by the tnfaip3 gene. Mice with selective deletion of A20 in myeloid, dendritic, or B cells recapitulate some human inflammatory pathology. As we observed high expression of A20 transcripts in dysfunctional CD8 T cells in an autochthonous melanoma, we analyzed the role of A20 in regulation of CD8 T-cell functions, using mice in which A20 was selectively deleted in mature conventional T cells. These mice developed lymphadenopathy and some organ infiltration by T cells but no splenomegaly and no detectable pathology. A20-deleted CD8 T cells had increased sensitivity to antigen stimulation with production of large amounts of IL-2 and IFNγ, correlated with sustained nuclear expression of NF-κB components reticuloendotheliosis oncogene c-Rel and p65. Overexpression of A20 by retroviral transduction of CD8 T cells dampened their intratumor accumulation and antitumor activity. In contrast, relief from the A20 brake in NF-κB activation in adoptively transferred antitumor CD8 T cells led to improved control of melanoma growth. Tumor-infiltrating A20-deleted CD8 T cells had enhanced production of IFNγ and TNFα and reduced expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1. As manipulation of A20 expression in CD8 T cells did not result in pathologic manifestations in the mice, we propose it as a candidate to be targeted to increase antitumor efficiency of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
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28
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Schwitalla S. Tumor cell plasticity: the challenge to catch a moving target. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:618-27. [PMID: 24566894 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Every cancer cell is "different"--within one and the same tumor, between different lesions originating from the same tumor, among different patients suffering from the same tumor type, and certainly between different tumor types. The complexity of tumor development, with its genetic, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and plasticity within tumors and between primary tumors and metastases, underlies the unpredictable influences and stimuli of a tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment, immune response, mechanical and metabolic stress, therapy-induced inflammation or interaction with microbiota. The stochastic and context dependent nature of these factors accounts for the difficulties to investigate the impact of resulting cell plasticity on tumor development, and justifies the challenge to prevent tumor recurrence. The emerging concept of cell plasticity and reciprocity (to change the phenotype by processing signals from the environment) throws more light on the actual complexity of tumor heterogeneity than can be expected solely from a unidirectional, classical cancer stem cell (CSC) model. To date, it remains widely unclear to what extent cell plasticity impacts tumor development, and it is difficult to assess by current methods. As a high tumor plasticity is likely to predict a poor outcome for patients, the future therapeutic challenge will be the development of personalized treatment strategies to predict and finally prevent cell plasticity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schwitalla
- Dr. George Daley Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, One Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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29
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Grange M, Verdeil G, Arnoux F, Griffon A, Spicuglia S, Maurizio J, Buferne M, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Auphan-Anezin N. Active STAT5 regulates T-bet and eomesodermin expression in CD8 T cells and imprints a T-bet-dependent Tc1 program with repressed IL-6/TGF-β1 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3712-24. [PMID: 24006458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In adoptive therapy, CD8 T cells expressing active STAT5 (STAT5CA) transcription factors were found to be superior to unmanipulated counterparts in long-term persistence, capacity to infiltrate autochthonous mouse melanomas, thrive in their microenvironment, and induce their regression. However, the molecular mechanisms sustaining these properties were undefined. In this study, we report that STAT5CA induced sustained expression of genes controlling tissue homing, cytolytic granule composition, type 1 CD8 cytotoxic T cell-associated effector molecules granzyme B(+), IFN-γ(+), TNF-α(+), and CCL3(+), but not IL-2, and transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses identified the genes possessing regulatory regions to which STAT5 bound in long-term in vivo maintained STAT5CA-expressing CD8 T cells. This analysis identified 34% of the genes differentially expressed between STAT5CA-expressing and nonexpressing effector T cells as direct STAT5CA target genes, including those encoding T-bet, Eomes, and granzyme B. Additionally, genes encoding the IL-6R and TGFbRII subunits were stably repressed, resulting in dampened IL-17-producing CD8 T cell polarization in response to IL-6 and TGF-β1. The absence of T-bet did not affect STAT5CA-driven accumulation of the T cells in tissue or their granzyme B expression but restored IL-2 secretion and IL-6R and TGFbRII expression and signaling, as illustrated by IL-17 induction. Therefore, concerted STAT5/T-bet/Eomes regulation controls homing, long-term maintenance, recall responses, and resistance to polarization towards IL-17-producing CD8 T cells while maintaining expression of an efficient type 1 CD8 cytotoxic T cell program (granzyme B(+), IFN-γ(+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Grange
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13288, France
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30
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Inflammatory monocytes are potent antitumor effectors controlled by regulatory CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13085-90. [PMID: 23878221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300314110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the impact of immune cell populations on metastatic development in a model of spontaneous melanoma [mice expressing the human RET oncogene under the control of the metallothionein promoter (MT/ret mice)]. In this model, cancer cells disseminate early but remain dormant for several weeks. Then, MT/ret mice develop cutaneous metastases and, finally, distant metastases. A total of 35% of MT/ret mice develop a vitiligo, a skin depigmentation attributable to the lysis of normal melanocytes, associated with a delay in tumor progression. Here, we find that regulatory CD4(+) T cells accumulate in the skin, the spleen, and tumor-draining lymph nodes of MT/ret mice not developing vitiligo. Regulatory T-cell depletion and IL-10 neutralization led to increased occurrence of vitiligo that correlated with a decreased incidence of melanoma metastases. In contrast, inflammatory monocytes/dendritic cells accumulate in the skin of MT/ret mice with active vitiligo. Moreover, they inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism, and both their depletion and reactive oxygen species neutralization in vivo increased tumor cell dissemination. Altogether, our data suggest that regulatory CD4(+) T cells favor tumor progression, in part, by inhibiting recruitment and/or differentiation of inflammatory monocytes in the skin.
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31
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Tüting T. T cell immunotherapy for melanoma from bedside to bench to barn and back: how conceptual advances in experimental mouse models can be translated into clinical benefit for patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:441-56. [PMID: 23617831 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A solid scientific basis now supports the concept that cytotoxic T lymphocytes can specifically recognize and destroy melanoma cells. Over the last decades, clinicians and basic scientists have joined forces to advance our concepts of melanoma immunobiology. This has catalyzed the rational development of therapeutic approaches to enforce melanoma-specific T cell responses. Preclinical studies in experimental mouse models paved the way for their successful translation into clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma. A more thorough understanding of how melanomas develop resistance to T cell immunotherapy is necessary to extend this success. This requires a continued interdisciplinary effort of melanoma biologists and immunologists that closely connects clinical observations with in vitro investigations and appropriate in vivo mouse models: From bedside to bench to barn and back.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Hölzel M, Bovier A, Tüting T. Plasticity of tumour and immune cells: a source of heterogeneity and a cause for therapy resistance? Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:365-76. [PMID: 23535846 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies, signal transduction inhibitors and chemotherapies can successfully achieve remissions in advanced stage cancer patients, but durable responses are rare. Using malignant melanoma as a paradigm, we propose that therapy-induced injury to tumour tissue and the resultant inflammation can activate protective and regenerative responses that represent a shared resistance mechanism to different treatments. Inflammation-driven phenotypic plasticity alters the antigenic landscape of tumour cells, rewires oncogenic signalling networks, protects against cell death and reprogrammes immune cell functions. We propose that the successful combination of cancer treatments to tackle resistance requires an interdisciplinary understanding of these resistance mechanisms, supported by mathematical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Larbi A, Rymkiewicz P, Vasudev A, Low I, Shadan NB, Mustafah S, Ayyadhury S, Fulop T. The immune system in the elderly: a fair fight against diseases? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ahe.12.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a very dynamic network, consisting of various innate and adaptive cells acting via direct cell–cell contact, as well as indirect messaging mediated by soluble factors. Changes in the number or quality of receptors involved in these events alter the capacity of the immune system to respond properly. There is an increasing awareness that many chronic infections and diseases, such as cytomegalovirus, impact on the immune system. Concurrently, there are changes in immune profiles of healthy, as well as ill, elderly individuals. All these changes translate into obvious signs of immunological aging that are more profound in diseases. This review will discuss the manifestation of different diseases in the elderly and how the immune system behaves in such situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Paulina Rymkiewicz
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nurhidaya Binte Shadan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Seri Mustafah
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Sherbrooke University, 1036 rue Belvedere Sud, J1H4C4 Sherbrooke, Canada
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Auphan-Anezin N, Verdeil G, Grange M, Soudja SM, Wehbe M, Buferne M, Mas A, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Immunosuppression in inflammatory melanoma: can it be resisted by adoptively transferred T cells? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:167-75. [PMID: 23217139 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of tumor antigen (TA) recognized by autologous T cells (TCs) in patients with melanoma has led to clinical protocols using either vaccination or adoptive transfer of TA-specific TCs. However, efficacy of these treatments has been hampered by inhibitory effects exerted on tumor-infiltrating TCs by tumor-intrinsic mediators or by recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. A mouse model of autochthonous melanoma recapitulates some aspects of inflammatory melanoma development in patients. These include a systemic Th2-/Th17-oriented chronic inflammation, recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and acquisition by tumor-infiltrating TCs of an 'exhausted' phenotype characterized by expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed death-1, also expressed on patients' melanoma-infiltrating TCs. Rather than using extracellular blocking reagents to inhibitory surface molecules on TCs, we sought to dampen negative signaling exerted on them. Adoptively transferred TCs presenting increased cytokine receptor signaling due to expression of an active Stat5 transcription factor were efficient at inducing melanoma regression in the preclinical melanoma model. These transferred TCs thrived and retained expression of effector molecules in the melanoma microenvironment, defining a protocol endowing TCs with the ability to resist melanoma-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France.
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35
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Diffuse cutaneous uptake of 18F-flurodeoxyglucose is associated with adverse prognosis in patients with melanoma. Nucl Med Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328358d9e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Wehbe M, Soudja SM, Mas A, Chasson L, Guinamard R, de Tenbossche CP, Verdeil G, Van den Eynde B, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-like and TGFβ pathways associated with autochthonous inflammatory melanoma development in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49419. [PMID: 23173060 PMCID: PMC3500287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared gene expression signatures of aggressive amelanotic (Amela) melanomas with those of slowly growing pigmented melanomas (Mela), identifying pathways potentially responsible for the aggressive Amela phenotype. Both tumors develop in mice upon conditional deletion in melanocytes of Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor genes with concomitant expression of oncogene H-Ras(G12V) and a known tumor antigen. We previously showed that only the aggressive Amela tumors were highly infiltrated by leukocytes concomitant with local and systemic inflammation. We report that Amela tumors present a pattern of de-differentiation with reduced expression of genes involved in pigmentation. This correlates with reduced and enhanced expression, respectively, of microphthalmia-associated (Mitf) and Pou3f2/Brn-2 transcription factors. The reduced expression of Mitf-controlled melanocyte differentiation antigens also observed in some human cutaneous melanoma has important implications for immunotherapy protocols that generally target such antigens. Induced Amela tumors also express Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT)-like and TGFβ-pathway signatures. These are correlated with constitutive Smad3 signaling in Amela tumors and melanoma cell lines. Signatures of infiltrating leukocytes and some chemokines such as chemotactic cytokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) that contribute to leukocyte recruitment further characterize Amela tumors. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation pathway in Amela tumor lines leads to reduced expression of EMT hallmark genes and inhibits both proinflammatory cytokine Ccl2 gene expression and Ccl2 production by the melanoma cells. These results indicate a link between EMT-like processes and alterations of immune functions, both being controlled by the MAPK pathway. They further suggest that targeting the MAPK pathway within tumor cells will impact tumor-intrinsic oncogenic properties as well as the nature of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wehbe
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Saïdi M. Soudja
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Mas
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Rodolphe Guinamard
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | | | - Grégory Verdeil
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Cellular Genetics Unit, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
- * E-mail: .
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Mishra J, Drummond J, Quazi SH, Karanki SS, Shaw JJ, Chen B, Kumar N. Prospective of colon cancer treatments and scope for combinatorial approach to enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 86:232-50. [PMID: 23098684 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the western world. It is also the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States with a recent estimate for new cases of colorectal cancer in the year 2012 being around 103,170. Various risk factors for colorectal cancer include life-style, diet, age, personal and family history, and racial and ethnic background. While a few cancers are certainly preventable but this does not hold true for colon cancer as it is often detected in its advanced stage and generally not diagnosed until symptoms become apparent. Despite the fact that several options are available for treating this cancer through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and nutritional-supplement therapy, but the success rates are not very encouraging when used alone where secondary complications appear in almost all these therapies. To maximize the therapeutic-effects in patients, combinatorial approaches are essential. In this review we have discussed the therapies previously and currently available to patients diagnosed with colorectal-cancer, focus on some recent developments in basic research that has shaded lights on new therapeutic-concepts utilizing macrophages/dendritic cells, natural killer cells, gene delivery, siRNA-, and microRNA-technology, and specific-targeting of tyrosine kinases that are either mutated or over-expressed in the cancerous cell to treat these cancer. Potential strategies are discussed where these concepts could be applied to the existing therapies under a comprehensive approach to enhance the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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Coimbra M, Crielaard BJ, Storm G, Schiffelers RM. Critical factors in the development of tumor-targeted anti-inflammatory nanomedicines. J Control Release 2012; 160:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jotereau F, Gervois N, Labarrière N. Adoptive transfer with high-affinity TCR to treat human solid tumors: how to improve the feasibility? Target Oncol 2012; 7:3-14. [PMID: 22350487 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-012-0207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells recently achieved clinical efficacy for a fraction of melanoma patients refractory to other therapies. Unfortunately, the application of this strategy to the remaining melanoma and most other cancer patients is hampered by the difficulty to generate high-affinity tumor-reactive T cells. Two strategies are currently developed to extend the feasibility of this therapeutic approach: clinical grade tool production for MHC-peptide multimer-driven sorting of antigen-specific T cells from the endogenous peripheral T cell repertoire and de novo engineering of the missing repertoire by genetic transfer of cloned specific T cell receptor (TCR) into T cells. The expected multiplication of adoptive transfer treatments, by these strategies, and their careful evaluation should enable the cure of a number of otherwise compromised cancer patients and to gain insight into the characteristics of transferred T cells best fitted to eradicate tumor cells, in terms of antigen specificities, phenotype, and functions. In particular, identification of tumor-rejection antigens by this approach would improve the design and efficacy of all immunotherapeutic approaches.
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40
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Kumar N, Mishra J, Quazi SH. Training the Defense System for Modern-Day Warfare: The Horizons for Immunotherapy and Vaccines for Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1. [PMID: 25264543 DOI: 10.4172/2324-853x.1000e106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Texas A &M Health Science Center Kingsville TX 78363
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41
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Huijbers IJ, Soudja SM, Uyttenhove C, Buferne M, Inderberg-Suso EM, Colau D, Pilotte L, Powis de Tenbossche CG, Chomez P, Brasseur F, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Van den Eynde BJ. Minimal tolerance to a tumor antigen encoded by a cancer-germline gene. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:111-21. [PMID: 22140254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Central tolerance toward tissue-restricted Ags is considered to rely on ectopic expression in the thymus, which was also observed for tumor Ags encoded by cancer-germline genes. It is unknown whether endogenous expression shapes the T cell repertoire against the latter Ags and explains their weak immunogenicity. We addressed this question using mouse cancer-germline gene P1A, which encodes antigenic peptide P1A(35-43) presented by H-2L(d). We made P1A-knockout (P1A-KO) mice and asked whether their anti-P1A(35-43) immune responses were stronger than those of wild-type mice and whether P1A-KO mice responded to other P1A epitopes, against which wild-type mice were tolerized. We observed that both types of mice mounted similar P1A(35-43)-specific CD8 T cell responses, although the frequency of P1A(35-43)-specific CD8 T cells generated in response to P1A-expressing tumors was slightly higher in P1A-KO mice. This higher reactivity allowed naive P1A-KO mice to reject spontaneously P1A-expressing tumors, which progressed in wild-type mice. TCR-Vβ usage of P1A(35-43)-specific CD8 cells was slightly modified in P1A-KO mice. Peptide P1A(35-43) remained the only P1A epitope recognized by CD8 T cells in both types of mice, which also displayed similar thymic selection of a transgenic TCR recognizing P1A(35-43). These results indicate the existence of a minimal tolerance to an Ag encoded by a cancer-germline gene and suggest that its endogenous expression only slightly affects diversification of the T cell repertoire against this Ag.
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Henry CJ, Marusyk A, DeGregori J. Aging-associated changes in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: what's the connection? Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:643-56. [PMID: 21765201 PMCID: PMC3164372 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a marked increase in a number of diseases, including many types of cancer. Due to the complex and multi-factorial nature of both aging and cancer, accurate deciphering of causative links between aging and cancer remains a major challenge. It is generally accepted that initiation and progression of cancers are driven by a process of clonal evolution. In principle, this somatic evolution should follow the same Darwinian logic as evolutionary processes in populations in nature: diverse heritable types arising as a result of mutations are subjected to selection, resulting in expansion of the fittest clones. However, prevalent paradigms focus primarily on mutational aspects in linking aging and cancer. In this review, we will argue that age-related changes in selective pressures are likely to be equally important. We will focus on aging-related changes in the hematopoietic system, where age-associated alterations are relatively well studied, and discuss the impact of these changes on the development of leukemias and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Henry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Integrated Department of Immunology, Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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43
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Grange M, Buferne M, Verdeil G, Leserman L, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Auphan-Anezin N. Activated STAT5 promotes long-lived cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that induce regression of autochthonous melanoma. Cancer Res 2011; 72:76-87. [PMID: 22065720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell (TC) is generally limited by poor in vivo expansion and tumor infiltration. In this study, we report that activated STAT5 transcription factors (STAT5CA) confer high efficiency on CD8(+) effector T cells (eTC) for host colonization after adoptive transfer. Engineered expression of STAT5CA in antigen-experienced TCs with poor replicative potential was also sufficient to convert them into long-lived antigen-responsive eTCs. In transplanted mastocytoma- or melanoma-bearing hosts, STAT5CA greatly enhanced the ability of eTCs to accumulate in tumors, become activated by tumor antigens, and to express the cytolytic factor granzyme B. Taken together, these properties contributed to an increase in tumor regression by STAT5CA-transduced, as compared with untransduced, TCs including when the latter control cells were combined with infusion of interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 complexes. In tumors arising in the autochthonous TiRP transgenic model of melanoma associated with systemic chronic inflammation, endogenous CD8(+) TCs were nonfunctional. In this setting, adoptive transfer of STAT5CA-transduced TCs produced superior antitumor effects compared with nontransduced TCs. Our findings imply that STAT5CA expression can render TCs resistant to the immunosuppressive environment of melanoma tumors, enhancing their ability to home to tumors and to maintain high granzyme B expression, as well as their capacity to stimulate granzyme B expression in endogenous TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Grange
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, INSERM UMR631, and CNRS UMR6102, Marseille, France
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Abstract
RAS proteins are essential components of signalling pathways that emanate from cell surface receptors. Oncogenic activation of these proteins owing to missense mutations is frequently detected in several types of cancer. A wealth of biochemical and genetic studies indicates that RAS proteins control a complex molecular circuitry that consists of a wide array of interconnecting pathways. In this Review, we describe how RAS oncogenes exploit their extensive signalling reach to affect multiple cellular processes that drive tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Soudja SM, Henri S, Mello M, Chasson L, Mas A, Wehbe M, Auphan-Anezin N, Leserman L, Van den Eynde B, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. Disrupted lymph node and splenic stroma in mice with induced inflammatory melanomas is associated with impaired recruitment of T and dendritic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22639. [PMID: 21811640 PMCID: PMC3141075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of dendritic cells (DC) from the tumor environment to the T cell cortex in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) is essential for priming naïve T lymphocytes (TL) to tumor antigen (Ag). We used a mouse model of induced melanoma in which similar oncogenic events generate two phenotypically distinct melanomas to study the influence of tumor-associated inflammation on secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) organization. One tumor promotes inflammatory cytokines, leading to mobilization of immature myeloid cells (iMC) to the tumor and SLO; the other does not. We report that inflammatory tumors induced alterations of the stromal cell network of SLO, profoundly altering the distribution of TL and the capacity of skin-derived DC and TL to migrate or home to TDLN. These defects, which did not require tumor invasion, correlated with loss of fibroblastic reticular cells in T cell zones and in impaired production of CCL21. Infiltrating iMC accumulated in the TDLN medulla and the splenic red pulp. We propose that impaired function of the stromal cell network during chronic inflammation induced by some tumors renders spleens non-receptive to TL and TDLN non-receptive to TL and migratory DC, while the entry of iMC into these perturbed SLO is enhanced. This could constitute a mechanism by which inflammatory tumors escape immune control. If our results apply to inflammatory tumors in general, the demonstration that SLO are poorly receptive to CCR7-dependent migration of skin-derived DC and naïve TL may constitute an obstacle for proposed vaccination or adoptive TL therapies of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïdi M. Soudja
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Marielle Mello
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Mas
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Wehbe
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Lee Leserman
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée, UMR6546, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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46
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Cooperativity of adaptive and innate immunity: implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1061-74. [PMID: 21656157 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dichotomy of immunology into innate and adaptive immunity has created conceptual barriers in appreciating the intrinsic two-way interaction between immune cells. An emerging body of evidence in various models of immune rejection, including cancer, indicates an indispensable regulation of innate effector functions by adaptive immune cells. This bidirectional cooperativity in innate and adaptive immune functions has broad implications for immune responses in general and for regulating the tumor-associated inflammation that overrides the protective antitumor immunity. Mechanistic understanding of this two-way immune cross-talk could provide insights into novel strategies for designing better immunotherapy approaches against cancer and other diseases that normally defy immune control.
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Wang J, Cai D, Ma B, Wu G, Wu J. Skewing the Balance of Regulatory T-Cells and T-Helper 17 Cells in Breast Cancer Patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:691-701. [PMID: 21819700 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+ T-cells (T-helper [Th17] cells) in relation to CD4+CD25+CD127− cells (regulatory T-cells [Treg]) in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from breast cancer patients. The Th17 and Treg cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and reported as a percentage of total CD4+ cells. In TILs from early breast cancer patients ( n = 12), the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly higher than in PBMCs (14.5 ± 7.2% versus 6.9 ± 2.1%). In TILs from patients with advanced breast cancer ( n = 15), the frequency of Th17 cells was also significantly higher than that in PBMCs (9.1 ± 5.7% versus 3.2 ± 2.3%) but lower compared with early disease. The Th17/Treg ratio in TILs was markedly increased in early versus advanced disease. In conclusion, Th17 and Treg cell accumulation in the tumour microenvironment of breast cancer occurred in early disease; Th17 cell infiltration gradually decreased and Treg cells accumulated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Cai
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Ma
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Wu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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T cells contribute to tumor progression by favoring pro-tumoral properties of intra-tumoral myeloid cells in a mouse model for spontaneous melanoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20235. [PMID: 21633700 PMCID: PMC3102108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors affect myelopoeisis and induce the expansion of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity. In the MT/ret model of spontaneous metastatic melanoma, myeloid cells are the most abundant tumor infiltrating hematopoietic population and their proportion is highest in the most aggressive cutaneous metastasis. Our data suggest that the tumor microenvironment favors polarization of myeloid cells into type 2 cells characterized by F4/80 expression, a weak capacity to secrete IL-12 and a high production of arginase. Myeloid cells from tumor and spleen of MT/ret mice inhibit T cell proliferation and IFNγ secretion. Interestingly, T cells play a role in type 2 polarization of myeloid cells. Indeed, intra-tumoral myeloid cells from MT/ret mice lacking T cells are not only less suppressive towards T cells than corresponding cells from wild-type MT/ret mice, but they also inhibit more efficiently melanoma cell proliferation. Thus, our data support the existence of a vicious circle, in which T cells may favor cancer development by establishing an environment that is likely to skew myeloid cell immunity toward a tumor promoting response that, in turn, suppresses immune effector cell functions.
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49
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:227-34. [PMID: 21307677 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328344b687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Landsberg J, Gaffal E, Cron M, Kohlmeyer J, Renn M, Tüting T. Autochthonous primary and metastatic melanomas in Hgf-Cdk4R24C mice evade T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 23:649-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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