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Lu L, Li F, Gao Y, Kang S, Li J, Guo J. Microbiome in radiotherapy: an emerging approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce tissue injury. Mol Med 2024; 30:105. [PMID: 39030525 PMCID: PMC11264922 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used cancer treatment that utilizes powerful radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. While radiation can be beneficial, it can also harm the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. Recent research indicates that the microbiota, the collection of microorganisms in our body, may play a role in influencing the effectiveness and side effects of radiation therapy. Studies have shown that specific species of bacteria living in the stomach can influence the immune system's response to radiation, potentially increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, the microbiota may contribute to adverse effects like radiation-induced diarrhea. A potential strategy to enhance radiotherapy outcomes and capitalize on the microbiome involves using probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms that offer health benefits when consumed in sufficient quantities. Several studies have indicated that probiotics have the potential to alter the composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in an enhanced immune response to radiation therapy and consequently improving the efficacy of the treatment. It is important to note that radiation can disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria, resulting in increased intestinal permeability and inflammatory conditions. These disruptions can lead to adverse effects such as diarrhea and damage to the intestinal lining. The emerging field of radiotherapy microbiome research offers a promising avenue for optimizing cancer treatment outcomes. This paper aims to provide an overview of the human microbiome and its role in augmenting radiation effectiveness while minimizing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Fengxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Shuhe Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, No.1, Northwest New Village, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in, University of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Wang S, Sun Y, Yao L, Xing Y, Yang H, Ma Q. The Role of microRNA-23a-3p in the Progression of Human Aging Process by Targeting FOXO3a. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:277-287. [PMID: 37087718 PMCID: PMC10803409 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging results in deterioration of body functions and, ultimately, death. miRNAs contribute to the regulation of aging. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of miRNAs to aging and senescence-related changes in gene expression. The expression changes of miRNAs in the blood of people and animal samples collected from different age subjects were examined using Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 microarray and qRT-PCR. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to examine the effect of miR-23a on cell functions in WI-38 cells. The expression levels of 48 miRNAs, including miR-23a, miR-21, and miR-100, in the blood samples were higher in the middle-aged group than in the young or elderly group. Animal studies further suggested that the expression of miR-23a increased with age. In addition, upregulation of miR-23a dramatically suppressed the cell proliferation and arrested the WI-38 cell cycle in vitro. FOXO3a has been identified as a target gene of miR-23a. MiR-23a downregulated the expression of FOXO3a in WI-38 cells. MiRNAs have different expression levels in different age groups. miR-23a could suppress cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle in WI-38 cells, which elucidated the mechanism through which miR-23a exerts pivotal role in WI-38 cells by targeting FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunli Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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4
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Lees J, Hay J, Moles MW, Michie AM. The discrete roles of individual FOXO transcription factor family members in B-cell malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179101. [PMID: 37275916 PMCID: PMC10233034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) class O (FOXO) proteins are a dynamic family of transcription factors composed of four family members: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6. As context-dependent transcriptional activators and repressors, the FOXO family regulates diverse cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metabolism, longevity and cell fate determination. A central pathway responsible for negative regulation of FOXO activity is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signalling pathway, enabling cell survival and proliferation. FOXO family members can be further regulated by distinct kinases, both positively (e.g., JNK, AMPK) and negatively (e.g., ERK-MAPK, CDK2), with additional post-translational modifications further impacting on FOXO activity. Evidence has suggested that FOXOs behave as 'bona fide' tumour suppressors, through transcriptional programmes regulating several cellular behaviours including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, an alternative paradigm has emerged which indicates that FOXOs operate as mediators of cellular homeostasis and/or resistance in both 'normal' and pathophysiological scenarios. Distinct FOXO family members fulfil discrete roles during normal B cell maturation and function, and it is now clear that FOXOs are aberrantly expressed and mutated in discrete B-cell malignancies. While active FOXO function is generally associated with disease suppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia for example, FOXO expression is associated with disease progression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, an observation also seen in other cancers. The opposing functions of the FOXO family drives the debate about the circumstances in which FOXOs favour or hinder disease progression, and whether targeting FOXO-mediated processes would be effective in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Here, we discuss the disparate roles of FOXO family members in B lineage cells, the regulatory events that influence FOXO function focusing mainly on post-translational modifications, and consider the potential for future development of therapies that target FOXO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alison M. Michie
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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El-Sheikh MM, Abdel-Naby DH, El-Hazek RM, El-Ghazaly MA. Regulation of radiation-induced liver damage by modulation of SIRT-1 activity: In vivo rat model. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:67-77. [PMID: 36259113 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, was found to regulate cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in living organisms. Therefore, the role of SIRT-1 in regulating forkhead box O/poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (FOXO-1/PARP-1) signaling could provide the necessary validation for developing new pharmacological targets for the promotion or inhibition of SIRT-1 activity toward radiation sensitivity. In the present study, the SIRT-1 signaling pathway is being investigated to study the possible modulatory effect of resveratrol (RSV, SIRT-1 activator) versus nicotinamide (NAM, SIRT-1 inhibitor) in case of liver damage induced by whole-body gamma irradiation. Rats were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation after being pretreated with either RSV (10 mg/kg/day) or NAM (100 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, and subsequent examining hepatic morphological changes and apoptotic markers were assessed. The expression of SIRT-1, FOXO-1, and cleaved PARP-1 in the liver was analyzed. RSV improved radiation-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation signified by low expression of caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase, complex-I activity, myeloperoxidase, and total nitric oxide content. RSV increased the expression of SIRT-1, whereas cleaved PARP-1 and FOXO-1 were suppressed. These protective effects were suppressed by inhibition of SIRT-1 activity using NAM. These findings suggest that RSV can attenuate radiation-induced hepatic injury by reducing apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT-1 activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M El-Sheikh
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M El-Hazek
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Jia Y, Wang J, Ao X. FOXO3a in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2022; 540:215724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Target identification for small-molecule discovery in the FOXO3a tumor-suppressor pathway using a biodiverse peptide library. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1602-1615.e9. [PMID: 34111400 PMCID: PMC8610377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screening technologies to identify and validate macromolecular interactions (MMIs) essential for complex pathways remain an important unmet need for systems biology and therapeutics development. Here, we use a library of peptides from diverse prokaryal genomes to screen MMIs promoting the nuclear relocalization of Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3a), a tumor suppressor more frequently inactivated by post-translational modification than mutation. A hit peptide engages the 14-3-3 family of signal regulators through a phosphorylation-dependent interaction, modulates FOXO3a-mediated transcription, and suppresses cancer cell growth. In a crystal structure, the hit peptide occupies the phosphopeptide-binding groove of 14-3-3ε in a conformation distinct from its natural peptide substrates. A biophysical screen identifies drug-like small molecules that displace the hit peptide from 14-3-3ε, providing starting points for structure-guided development. Our findings exemplify “protein interference,” an approach using evolutionarily diverse, natural peptides to rapidly identify, validate, and develop chemical probes against MMIs essential for complex cellular phenotypes. We describe protein interference, an approach to identify and validate new drug targets A genetic screen identifies a protein interference probe inducing FOXO3a reactivation The probe defines a druggable binding site in the 14-3-3 signal regulator family We illustrate a workflow to parse complex cellular pathways for new drug targets
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8
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Yang S, Pang L, Dai W, Wu S, Ren T, Duan Y, Zheng Y, Bi S, Zhang X, Kong J. Role of Forkhead Box O Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biology and Progression (Review). Front Oncol 2021; 11:667730. [PMID: 34123834 PMCID: PMC8190381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of malignant tumor of the digestive system, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The main treatment for HCC is surgical resection. Advanced disease, recurrence, and metastasis are the main factors affecting prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not sufficiently efficacious for the treatment of primary and metastatic HCC; therefore, optimizing targeted therapy is essential for improving outcomes. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are widely expressed in cells and function to integrate a variety of growth factors, oxidative stress signals, and other stimulatory signals, thereby inducing the specific expression of downstream signal factors and regulation of the cell cycle, senescence, apoptosis, oxidative stress, HCC development, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Accordingly, FOXO proteins are considered multifunctional targets of cancer treatment. The current review discusses the roles of FOXO proteins, particularly FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6, in HCC and establishes a theoretical basis for the potential targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengqi Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunlong Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyuan Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Köhler J, Zhao Y, Li J, Gokhale PC, Tiv HL, Knott AR, Wilkens MK, Soroko KM, Lin M, Ambrogio C, Musteanu M, Ogino A, Choi J, Bahcall M, Bertram AA, Chambers ES, Paweletz CP, Bhagwat SV, Manro JR, Tiu RV, Jänne PA. ERK Inhibitor LY3214996-Based Treatment Strategies for RAS-Driven Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:641-654. [PMID: 33536188 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RAS gene mutations are the most frequent oncogenic event in lung cancer. They activate multiple RAS-centric signaling networks among them the MAPK, PI3K, and RB pathways. Within the MAPK pathway, ERK1/2 proteins exert a bottleneck function for transmitting mitogenic signals and activating cytoplasmic and nuclear targets. In view of disappointing antitumor activity and toxicity of continuously applied MEK inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant lung cancer, research has recently focused on ERK1/2 proteins as therapeutic targets and on ERK inhibitors for their ability to prevent bypass and feedback pathway activation. Here, we show that intermittent application of the novel and selective ATP-competitive ERK1/2 inhibitor LY3214996 exerts single-agent activity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of RAS-mutant lung cancer. Combination treatments were well tolerated and resulted in synergistic (ERKi plus PI3K/mTORi LY3023414) and additive (ERKi plus CDK4/6i abemaciclib) tumor growth inhibition in PDX models. Future clinical trials are required to investigate if intermittent ERK inhibitor-based treatment schedules can overcome toxicities observed with continuous MEK inhibition and-equally important-to identify biomarkers for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aine R Knott
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret K Wilkens
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kara M Soroko
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mika Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, CNIO, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuko Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jihyun Choi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Magda Bahcall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arrien A Bertram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily S Chambers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shripad V Bhagwat
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason R Manro
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ramon V Tiu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Gupta R, Janostiak R, Wajapeyee N. Transcriptional regulators and alterations that drive melanoma initiation and progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:7093-7105. [PMID: 33024276 PMCID: PMC7695596 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although melanoma is the least frequent type of skin cancer, it accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Large-scale sequencing efforts have led to the classification of melanoma into four major subtypes (i.e., BRAF-mutant, NRAS-mutant, NF1-deficient, and triple wild-type). These sequencing studies have also revealed that melanoma genomes are some of the most mutated genomes of all cancers and therefore have a high neoantigen load. These findings have resulted in the development and clinical use of targeted therapies against the oncogenic BRAF→MEK→ERK pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Although some patients with metastatic melanoma benefit immensely from these transformative therapies, others either become resistant or do not respond at all. These clinical challenges have intensified the search for new drug targets and drugs that can benefit patients who are either intrinsically resistant or have acquired resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Numerous signaling pathways and oncogenic drivers can cause changes in mRNA transcription that in turn drive melanoma initiation and progression. Transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression is necessary to maintain cell identity and cellular plasticity via the regulation of transcription factor expression and function, promoter/enhancer activities, chromatin regulators, and three-dimensional genome organization. Transcriptional deregulation can arise due to genetic and/or non-genetic alterations in the genome. Specifically, these deregulated transcriptional programs can become liabilities for melanoma cells due to their acquired dependencies on these programs for survival, which can be harnessed to develop new therapies for melanoma. In this article, we present an overview of the mechanisms that result in the transcriptional deregulation of mRNA expression in melanoma cells and assess how these changes facilitate melanoma initiation and progression. We also describe how these deregulated transcriptional pathways represent new opportunities for the development of unconventional and potentially impactful treatments for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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11
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Park M, Kwon J, Shin HJ, Moon SM, Kim SB, Shin US, Han YH, Kim Y. Butyrate enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy via FOXO3A in colorectal cancer patient‑derived organoids. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1307-1318. [PMID: 33173975 PMCID: PMC7646587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the radioresponsiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for local control and prognosis. However, consequent damage to surrounding healthy cells can lead to treatment failure. We hypothesized that short‑chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could act as radiosensitizers for cancer cells, allowing the administration of a lower and safer dose of radiation. To test this hypothesis, the responses of three‑dimensional‑cultured organoids, derived from CRC patients, to radiotherapy, as well as the effects of combined radiotherapy with the SCFAs butyrate, propionate and acetate as candidate radiosensitizers, were evaluated via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and organoid viability assay. Of the three SCFAs tested, only butyrate suppressed the proliferation of the organoids. Moreover, butyrate significantly enhanced radiation‑induced cell death and enhanced treatment effects compared with administration of radiation alone. The radiation‑butyrate combination reduced the proportion of Ki‑67 (proliferation marker)‑positive cells and decreased the number of S phase cells via FOXO3A. Meanwhile, 3/8 CRC organoids were found to be non‑responsive to butyrate with lower expression levels of FOXO3A compared with the responsive cases. Notably, butyrate did not increase radiation‑induced cell death and improved regeneration capacity after irradiation in normal organoids. These results suggest that butyrate could enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy while protecting the normal mucosa, thus highlighting a potential strategy for minimizing the associated toxicity of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Shin
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Moon
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Sup Shin
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Department of Radiological and Medico‑Oncological Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjoo Kim
- Department of Radiological and Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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12
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Babajani A, Soltani P, Jamshidi E, Farjoo MH, Niknejad H. Recent Advances on Drug-Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Anti-neoplastic Agents for Targeted Treatment of Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:748. [PMID: 32793565 PMCID: PMC7390947 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as an undifferentiated group of adult multipotent cells, have remarkable antitumor features that bring them up as a novel choice to treat cancers. MSCs are capable of altering the behavior of cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing an anti-inflammatory effect in tumor cells, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and preventing metastasis. Besides, MSCs can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The ability of MSCs to be loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs and release them in the site of primary and metastatic neoplasms makes them a preferable choice as targeted drug delivery procedure. Targeted drug delivery minimizes unexpected side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and improves clinical outcomes. This review focuses on recent advances on innate antineoplastic features of MSCs and the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on viability, proliferation, and the regenerative capacity of various kinds of MSCs. It also discusses the efficacy and mechanisms of drug loading and releasing procedures along with in vivo and in vitro preclinical outcomes of antineoplastic effects of primed MSCs for clinical prospection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Farjoo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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FoxO3 reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Nrf2/TR1 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 470:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Zhou J, Zhou LY, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhai LL, Yi YY, Yi J, Lin J, Qian J, Deng ZQ. Circ-Foxo3 is positively associated with the Foxo3 gene and leads to better prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:930. [PMID: 31533653 PMCID: PMC6751826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Foxo3 gene, belonging to the forkhead family, is one of the classes of transcription factors characterized by a forkhead DNA-binding domain, which usually considered being a cancer suppressor gene. Circ-Foxo3 is a circular structure which connects the 3’end to the 5’end. Scholars detected that circ-Foxo3 could compete with Foxo3 for binding to some miRNAs. Methods In this study, we will test the expression of Foxo3 and circ-Foxo3 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the relationship between Foxo3 gene and circ-Foxo3. All the de novo AML samples and normal control samples was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to differentiate AML patients from control people. Association of Foxo3 expression and overall survival was conducted by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results We found that the expression of Foxo3 gene in de novo patients was significantly lower than control samples (P = 0.009). Meanwhile, circ-Foxo3 also expressed lower in de novo AML patients than in control samples (P = 0.040). In different classifications, this trend could be observed more remarkably. In non-M3 patients, the Foxo3 high patients’ survival time was longer than Foxo3 low patients (P = 0.002). Besides, in non-favorable risk groups, patients with low expression of Foxo3 had longer survival time than Foxo3 high patients (P = 0.004). Furthermore, in normal Karyotypic patients, the overall survival time of patients with high-expressed Foxo3 was significantly longer than those with low expression (P = 0.034). Besides, Pearson analysis was also conducted between these two genes in AML patients. Results revealed that they were positively correlated (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, we found that low expression of circ-Foxo3 and Foxo3 were frequent in AML patients, and patients with high expression of Foxo3 often had a trend of better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Hendriks AM, Schrijnders D, Kleefstra N, de Vries EGE, Bilo HJG, Jalving M, Landman GWD. Sulfonylurea derivatives and cancer, friend or foe? Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172598. [PMID: 31408647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality. Increased blood glucose and insulin levels in T2DM patients may be, at least in part, responsible for this effect. Indeed, lowering glucose and/or insulin levels pharmacologically appears to reduce cancer risk and progression, as has been demonstrated for the biguanide metformin in observational studies. Studies investigating the influence of sulfonylurea derivatives (SUs) on cancer risk have provided conflicting results, partly due to comparisons with metformin. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to within-class differences in systemic and off-target effects of the SUs. The aim of this systematic review is to discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence on how the different SUs influence cancer development and risk. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Database of Abstracts on Reviews and Effectiveness, and trial registries were systematically searched for available clinical and preclinical evidence on within-class differences of SUs and cancer risk. The overall preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the influence of SUs on cancer risk in T2DM patients differs between the various SUs. Potential mechanisms include differing affinities for the sulfonylurea receptors and thus differential systemic insulin exposure and off-target anti-cancer effects mediated for example through potassium transporters and drug export pumps. Preclinical evidence supports potential anti-cancer effects of SUs, which are of interest for further studies and potentially repurposing of SUs. At this time, the evidence on differences in cancer risk between SUs is not strong enough to guide clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Hendriks
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Schrijnders
- Langerhans Medical Research Group, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J G Bilo
- Diabetes Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gijs W D Landman
- Langerhans Medical Research Group, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
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16
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Yuan M, Xu LF, Zhang J, Kong SY, Wu M, Lao YZ, Zhou H, Zhang L, Xu H. SRC and MEK Co-inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Anti-tumor Effect in Both Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Erlotinib-Resistant NSCLC. Front Oncol 2019; 9:586. [PMID: 31428570 PMCID: PMC6689998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer, and it is regulated by a complex signal transduction network. Single-agent targeted therapy often results in acquired resistance, which leads to treatment failure. In this study, we demonstrated that a combination of the kinase inhibitors trametinib and bosutinib can synergistically suppress the growth of NSCLC by inhibiting both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) pathways. The combination was profiled against a panel of 22 NSCLC cell lines, including one erlotinib-resistant cell line, and this combination was found to show synergistic effects against 16 cell lines. NSCLC cell lines (HCC827, HCC827-erlotinib-resistant, and H1650) were treated with trametinib, bosutinib, or a combination of these drugs. The drug combination inhibited colony formation and induced cell apoptosis. A mechanism study showed that the phosphorylation of multiple kinases in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in NSCLC was down-regulated. In addition, the combination significantly attenuated tumor growth of HCC827 xenografts with low toxicity. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further study of the combination of MAPK and SRC pathway inhibitors in NSCLC, especially in the treatment of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Feng Xu
- Shanghai Chempartner Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Ren Z, He H, Zuo Z, Xu Z, Wei Z, Deng J. The role of different SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways in toxic injury. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:36. [PMID: 31164908 PMCID: PMC6543624 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common environmental pollutants and drugs encountered in everyday life can cause toxic damage to the body through oxidative stress, inflammatory stimulation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of energy metabolism. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, is a member of the evolutionarily highly conserved Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) superprotein family, which is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It can deacetylate protein substrates in various signal transduction pathways to regulate gene expression, cell apoptosis and senescence, participate in the process of neuroprotection, energy metabolism, inflammation and the oxidative stress response in living organisms, and plays an important role in toxic damage caused by toxicants and in the process of SIRT1 activator/inhibitor antagonized toxic damage. This review summarizes the role that SIRT1 plays in toxic damage caused by toxicants via its interactions with protein substrates in certain signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan Province China
| | - Hongyi He
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- 2The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province China
| | - Junliang Deng
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan Province China
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18
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Zhao L, Liu S, Liang D, Jiang T, Yan X, Zhao S, Liu Y, Zhao W, Yu H. Resensitization of cisplatin resistance ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through pretreatment with low-dose fraction radiation. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2442-2448. [PMID: 30941896 PMCID: PMC6536942 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin is the first‐line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. However, cisplatin resistance is severely affecting the treatment efficacy. FOXO3a has been reported to be involved in reversing chemotherapy resistance. However, whether low‐dose fraction radiation therapy (LDFRT) can reverse cisplatin resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of LDFRT on cisplatin resistance and its relation with FOXO3a expression in vitro. Methods The toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells was evaluated by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V‐FITC staining as well as Hoechst33342 staining. The expression of FOXO3a and other relative proteins was measured by western blot. Results Our study found that LDFRT enhanced cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells and promoted the expression of FOXO3a and pro‐apoptotic protein PUMA. In addition, overexpression of FOXO3a promoted PUMA activity and toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells. Conclusion LDFRT reverses cisplatin resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells possibly by upregulating the expression of FOXO3a and its downstream target PUMA, suggesting that LDFRT might be a potent chemosensitizer for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese medical hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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19
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Gao Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Liu Z. Forkhead box O3 promotes colon cancer proliferation and drug resistance by activating MDR1 expression. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e554. [PMID: 30623608 PMCID: PMC6418361 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, colon cancer (CC) is the third reason of tumor-related deaths. Previous reports indicate that Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) is involved in the development of various tumors and may have different effects depending upon the types of tumors. Hence, this study was to examine the effects of FOXO3 on CC cells and uncover the possible mechanisms. METHODS MTT and cell count assay were applied to analyze the viability of transfected CC cells. rVista, dual luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to identify the downstream target of FOXO3 in HCT116 cells. The mRNA and protein abundance of FOXO3 and MDR1 were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Forkhead box O3 stimulated the proliferation of both HCT116 and DLD1 cells. Moreover, FOXO3 overexpression inhibited doxorubicin sensitivity of HCT116 cells, while the knockout of FOXO3 by FOXO3 shRNA restored the doxorubicin sensitivity in doxorubicin-resistant HCT116 DR cells. Next, we found that FOXO3 directly bound to the promoter of MDR1 and enhanced MDR1 expression in HCT116 cells. MDR1 overexpression enhanced the viability and doxorubicin resistance of CC cells. Besides, MDR1 overexpression plasmid significantly abrogated the decrease in cell proliferation and resistance of HCT116 cells to doxorubicin caused by FOXO3 knockout. CONCLUSION Forkhead box O3 exhibited promotive effects on the proliferation and doxorubicin resistance in CC cells via targeting MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanglei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Bincheng District Municipal Hospital, Bincheng District, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Maimaiti Y, Dong L, Aili A, Maimaitiaili M, Huang T, Abudureyimu K. Bim may be a poor prognostic biomarker in breast cancer patients especially in those with luminal A tumors. Cancer Biomark 2018; 19:411-418. [PMID: 28582840 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) appears to have contradictory roles in cancer. It is uncertain whether Bim show prognostic significance in patients with breast cancer. OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between Bim expression and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and to evaluate Bim's effect on overall survival (OS). METHODS We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique to detect the expression of Bim via tissue microarray in 275 breast cancer samples, Kaplan-Meier analysis to perform survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model to explore the risk factors of breast cancer. RESULTS The results revealed that Bim expression was significantly correlated with age, estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) and Ki67 expression (P< 0.05). Bim expression was significantly different in the four molecular subtypes (P= 0.000). Survival analysis showed that Bim positive expression contributed to a shorter OS (P= 0.034), especially in patients with luminal A tumors (P= 0.039). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that Bim was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Bim may serve as an effective predictive factor for lower OS in breast cancer patients, especially in those with luminal A tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aikebaier Aili
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Maimaitiaili Maimaitiaili
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kelimu Abudureyimu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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21
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Yao S, Fan LYN, Lam EWF. The FOXO3-FOXM1 axis: A key cancer drug target and a modulator of cancer drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:77-89. [PMID: 29180117 PMCID: PMC6565931 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The FOXO3 and FOXM1 forkhead box transcription factors, functioning downstream of the essential PI3K-Akt, Ras-ERK and JNK/p38MAPK signalling cascades, are crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, senescence, DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. The development of resistance to both conventional and newly emerged molecularly targeted therapies is a major challenge confronting current cancer treatment in the clinic. Intriguingly, the mechanisms of resistance to ‘classical’ cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to molecularly targeted therapies are invariably linked to deregulated signalling through the FOXO3 and FOXM1 transcription factors. This is owing to the involvement of FOXO3 and FOXM1 in the regulation of genes linked to crucial drug action-related cellular processes, including stem cell renewal, DNA repair, cell survival, drug efflux, and deregulated mitosis. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis, as well as their downstream transcriptional targets and functions, may render these proteins reliable and early diagnostic/prognostic factors as well as crucial therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and importantly, for overcoming chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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22
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Zhang J, Wang JC, Li YH, Wang RX, Fan XM. Expression of PH Domain Leucine-rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase, Forkhead Homeobox Type O 3a and RAD51, and their Relationships with Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis in Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:280-287. [PMID: 28139510 PMCID: PMC5308009 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.198932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma can be divided into low- and high-grade tumors, which exhibit substantial differences in pathogenesis, clinicopathology, and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP), forkhead homeobox type O 3a (FoxO3a), and RAD51 protein expressions, and their associations with prognosis in patients with low- and high-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas. Methods: The PHLPP, FoxO3a, and RAD51 protein expressions were examined in 94 high- and 26 low-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. The differences in expression and their relationships with pathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: In high-grade serous adenocarcinomas, the positive rates of PHLPP and FoxO3a were 24.5% and 26.6%, while in low-grade tumors, they were 23.1% and 26.9%, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. the control specimens; low- vs. high-grade: P > 0.05). The positive rates of RAD51 were 70.2% and 65.4% in high- and low-grade serous adenocarcinomas, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. the control specimens; low- vs. high-grade: P > 0.05). Meanwhile, in high-grade tumors, Stage III/IV tumors and lymph node and omental metastases were significantly associated with lower PHLPP and FoxO3a and higher RAD51 expression. The 5-year survival rates of patients with PHLPP- and FoxO3a-positive high-grade tumors (43.5% and 36.0%) were significantly higher than in patients with PHLPP-negative tumors (5.6% and 7.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). Similarly, the 5-year survival rate of RAD51-positive patients (3.0%) was significantly lower than in negative patients (42.9%; P < 0.05). In low-grade tumors, the PHLPP, FoxO3a, and RAD51 expressions were not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, omental metastasis, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, or prognosis. Conclusions: Abnormal PHLPP, FoxO3a, and RAD51 protein expressions may be involved in the development of high- and low-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas, suggesting common molecular pathways. Decreased PHLPP and FoxO3a and increased RAD51 protein expression may be important molecular markers for poor prognosis, and RAD51 may be an independent prognosis factor, of high-grade, but not low-grade, ovarian serous adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yue-Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Rui-Xue Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
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Xu K, Pei H, Zhang Z, Dong S, Fu RJ, Wang WM, Wang H. FoxO3a mediates glioma cell invasion by regulating MMP9 expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3044-3050. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Aroui S, Dardevet L, Najlaoui F, Kammoun M, Laajimi A, Fetoui H, De Waard M, Kenani A. PTEN-regulated AKT/FoxO3a/Bim signaling contributes to Human cell glioblastoma apoptosis by platinum-maurocalcin conjugate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Tsujino I, Nakanishi Y, Hiranuma H, Shimizu T, Hirotani Y, Ohni S, Ouchi Y, Takahashi N, Nemoto N, Hashimoto S. Increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is associated with worse chemotherapeutic outcome and a poor prognosis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 49:98-109. [PMID: 26705127 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-015-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway, that is activated by various stimuli including growth factors and oncogenic driver mutations, is observed in various cancers. However, the difference of the activated levels of the pathway is still unclear in clinical significances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different ERK1/2 pathway activation, assessed by the expression levels of phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2, on the prognosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Paraffin-embedded lung biopsy samples were obtained from 85 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Correlation between pERK1/2 expression levels that were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and oncogenic driver mutation status, clinicopathological factors, outcome from standard anticancer therapies, and prognosis was investigated. Varying levels of pERK1/2 expression were observed in 68 (80.0 %) patients. The overall survival was significantly reduced in patients with higher pERK1/2 expression in comparison to those with lower expression levels (P = 0.03). In particular, higher pERK1/2 expression levels correlated with worse performance status and worse clinical outcome. Thus, the IHC analysis of pERK1/2 expression levels may predict patient prognosis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway activated by various signals may improve the effects of standard chemotherapies and the clinical condition of patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Tsujino
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hisato Hiranuma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirotani
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Sumie Ohni
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ouchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nemoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Ananda Sadagopan SK, Mohebali N, Looi CY, Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Arya A, Karimian H, Mustafa MR. Forkhead Box Transcription Factor (FOXO3a) mediates the cytotoxic effect of vernodalin in vitro and inhibits the breast tumor growth in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:147. [PMID: 26643256 PMCID: PMC4672543 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Natural compounds have been demonstrated to lower breast cancer risk and sensitize tumor cells to anticancer therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that vernodalin (the active constituent of the medicinal herb Centratherum anthelminticum seeds) induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell-lines. The aim of this work was to gain an insight into the underlying anticancer mechanism of vernodalin using in vitro and in vivo model. Methods Vernodalin was isolated through the bioassay guided fractionation from the seeds. The protein expression of p-Akt, PI3K, FOXO3a, Bim, p27kip1, cyclinD1, and cyclinE was examined by the Western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyse Akt kinase activity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study the role of FOXO3a upregulation and their targets during vernodalin treatment. Immunofluorescence, subcellular localisation of FOXO3a by Western blot was performed to analyse FOXO3a localisation in nucleus of breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA, Ki67, p27kip1, FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model was performed. Results Our results showed that vernodalin regulates cancer cell apoptosis through activation of FOXO transcription factors and its downstream targets (Bim, p27Kip1, p21Waf1/cip1, cyclin D1, cyclin E) as examined by Western blots. Furthermore, we showed that FOXO3a/PI3K-Akt played a significant role in vernodalin induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation assays showed Akt kinase activity was downregulated. Immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and Western blot showed FOXO3a accumulation in the nucleus of breast cancer cells after vernodalin treatment. Silencing of FOXO3a protected breast cancer cells against vernodalin induced apoptosis. The anti-tumor action of vernodalin was further confirmed by examining cell proliferative markers, PCNA and Ki67 in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model. We also corroborated our findings in vivo by showing upregulation of p27Kip1, FOXO3a and decrease in the p-FOXO3a level in vernodalin-treated breast tumor tissue. Conclusions Our results suggest that PI3K-Akt/FOXOa pathway is a critical mediator of vernodalin-induced cytotoxicity and this compound could be further developed as a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Ananda Sadagopan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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BIM and mTOR expression levels predict outcome to erlotinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17499. [PMID: 26639561 PMCID: PMC4671004 DOI: 10.1038/srep17499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BIM is a proapoptotic protein that initiates apoptosis triggered by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). mTOR negatively regulates apoptosis and may influence response to EGFR TKI. We examined mRNA expression of BIM and MTOR in 57 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC from the EURTAC trial. Risk of mortality and disease progression was lower in patients with high BIM compared with low/intermediate BIM mRNA levels. Analysis of MTOR further divided patients with high BIM expression into two groups, with those having both high BIM and MTOR experiencing shorter overall and progression-free survival to erlotinib. Validation of our results was performed in an independent cohort of 19 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR TKIs. In EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with high BIM expression, concomitant high mTOR expression increased IC50 of gefitinib for cell proliferation. We next sought to analyse the signalling pattern in cell lines with strong activation of mTOR and its substrate P-S6. We showed that mTOR and phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) strongly correlate in resistant EGFR-mutant cancer cell lines. These data suggest that the combination of EGFR TKI with mTOR or PDE4 inhibitors could be adequate therapy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with high pretreatment levels of BIM and mTOR.
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Zaanan A, Okamoto K, Kawakami H, Khazaie K, Huang S, Sinicrope FA. The Mutant KRAS Gene Up-regulates BCL-XL Protein via STAT3 to Confer Apoptosis Resistance That Is Reversed by BIM Protein Induction and BCL-XL Antagonism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23838-49. [PMID: 26245900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancers with oncogenic GTPase Kras (KRAS) mutations, inhibition of downstream MEK/ERK signaling has shown limited efficacy, in part because of failure to induce a robust apoptotic response. We studied the mechanism of apoptosis resistance in mutant KRAS cells and sought to enhance the efficacy of a KRAS-specific MEK/ERK inhibitor, GDC-0623. GDC-0623 was shown to potently up-regulate BIM expression to a greater extent versus other MEK inhibitors in isogenic KRAS HCT116 and mutant KRAS SW620 colon cancer cells. ERK silencing enhanced BIM up-regulation by GDC-0623 that was due to its loss of phosphorylation at Ser(69), confirmed by a BIM-EL phosphorylation-defective mutant (S69G) that increased protein stability and blocked BIM induction. Despite BIM and BIK induction, the isogenic KRAS mutant versus wild-type cells remained resistant to GDC-0623-induced apoptosis, in part because of up-regulation of BCL-XL. KRAS knockdown by a doxycycline-inducible shRNA attenuated BCL-XL expression. BCL-XL knockdown sensitized KRAS mutant cells to GDC-0623-mediated apoptosis, as did the BH3 mimetic ABT-263. GDC-0623 plus ABT-263 induced a synergistic apoptosis by a mechanism that includes release of BIM from its sequestration by BCL-XL. Furthermore, mutant KRAS activated p-STAT3 (Tyr(705)) in the absence of IL-6 secretion, and STAT3 knockdown reduced BCL-XL mRNA and protein expression. These data suggest that BCL-XL up-regulation by STAT3 contributes to mutant KRAS-mediated apoptosis resistance. Such resistance can be overcome by potent BIM induction and concurrent BCL-XL antagonism to enable a synergistic apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Zaanan
- From the Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, and the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- From the Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, and the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- From the Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, and the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and
| | | | - Shengbing Huang
- From the Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, and the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- From the Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, and the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center and
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29
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Oh JH, Deasy JO. A literature mining-based approach for identification of cellular pathways associated with chemoresistance in cancer. Brief Bioinform 2015. [PMID: 26220932 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of many human cancer types. Increasing evidence has revealed that chemoresistance involves many genes and multiple complex biological mechanisms including cancer stem cells, drug efflux mechanism, autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance. However, understanding of the biological mechanisms in chemoresistance still remains limited. We surveyed the literature on chemoresistance-related genes and pathways of multiple cancer types. We then used a curated pathway database to investigate significant chemoresistance-related biological pathways. In addition, to investigate the importance of chemoresistance-related markers in protein-protein interaction networks identified using the curated database, we used a gene-ranking algorithm designed based on a graph-based scoring function in our previous study. Our comprehensive survey and analysis provide a systems biology-based overview of the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the major chemotherapeutic agents used against different human cancers. A better understanding of the downstream cellular targets of cisplatin will provide information on its mechanism of action. FOXO3a is a member of the FOXO transcription factor family, which modulates the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and other cellular processes. In this study, we have investigated the effects of cisplatin in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. The results showed that cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of these lung cancer cell lines by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, with evidence of decreasing phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT under cisplatin treatment, and constitutively activating AKT1 could reduce cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. More importantly, cisplatin significantly inhibited FOXO3a phosphorylation (at Thr32, AKT phosphorylation site) and induced FOXO3a nuclear accumulation, which in turn increased the expression of FOXO3a-dependent apoptotic protein Bim. Knockdown of FOXO3a expression using small interfering RNA attenuated cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of FOXO3a induced cell apoptosis irrespective of p53 status, whereas p53 may act as FOXO3a downstream molecules involved in cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. Together, our findings suggested that FOXO3a is a relevant mediator of the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in lung cancer cells.
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31
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Taylor S, Lam M, Pararasa C, Brown JE, Carmichael AR, Griffiths HR. Evaluating the evidence for targeting FOXO3a in breast cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:1. [PMID: 25678856 PMCID: PMC4325954 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour cells show greater dependency on glycolysis so providing a sufficient and rapid energy supply for fast growth. In many breast cancers, estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells proliferate in response to growth factors and growth factor antagonists are a mainstay of treatment. However, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack receptor expression, are frequently more aggressive and are resistant to growth factor inhibition. Downstream of growth factor receptors, signal transduction proceeds via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k), Akt and FOXO3a inhibition, the latter being partly responsible for coordinated increases in glycolysis and apoptosis resistance. FOXO3a may be an attractive therapeutic target for TNBC. Therefore we have undertaken a systematic review of FOXO3a as a target for breast cancer therapeutics. Methods Articles from NCBI were retrieved systematically when reporting primary data about FOXO3a expression in breast cancer cells after cytotoxic drug treatment. Results Increased FOXO3a expression is common following cytotoxic drug treatment and is associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. There is some evidence that metabolic enzyme expression is also altered and that this effect is also elicited in TNBC cells. FOXO3a expression serves as a positive prognostic marker, especially in estrogen (ER) receptor positive cells. Discussion FOXO3a is upregulated by a number of receptor-dependent and -independent anti-cancer drugs and associates with apoptosis. The identification of microRNA that regulate FOXO3a directly suggest that it offers a tangible therapeutic target that merits wider evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Taylor
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Matthew Lam
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Chathyan Pararasa
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - James Ep Brown
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | | | - Helen R Griffiths
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
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Gao W, Huang W, Liu K. [Effect and significance of BH3-only protein in targeted therapy of
non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:819-23. [PMID: 25404273 PMCID: PMC6000359 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
肺癌死亡率居全球恶性肿瘤死亡之首,非小细胞肺癌是肺癌中最常见的类型。在传统的抗肺癌治疗中,促进细胞凋亡是非小细胞肺癌治疗的一个重要组成部分,但抗肿瘤药物存在毒副作用大和耐药性等问题。因此,寻找新的抗肿瘤药物作用靶点成为非小细胞肺癌治疗的重点之一。BH3-only蛋白在凋亡的启动及凋亡通路的沟通中发挥极其重要的作用。BIM是BH3-only蛋白家族中的核心成员。以BIM为靶点的治疗在非小细胞肺癌的治疗中具有不可取代的作用。本文简单介绍了BCL-2家族和其中的BH3-only促凋亡蛋白,并且阐述了BIM、BH3-only蛋白在非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗中的重要作用。
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaishan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Grasso S, Tristante E, Saceda M, Carbonell P, Mayor-López L, Carballo-Santana M, Carrasco-García E, Rocamora-Reverte L, García-Morales P, Carballo F, Ferragut JA, Martínez-Lacaci I. Resistance to Selumetinib (AZD6244) in colorectal cancer cell lines is mediated by p70S6K and RPS6 activation. Neoplasia 2014; 16:845-60. [PMID: 25379021 PMCID: PMC4212257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a MEK1/2 inhibitor that has gained interest as an anti-tumour agent. We have determined the degree of sensitivity/resistance to Selumetinib in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines using cell proliferation and soft agar assays. Sensitive cell lines underwent G1 arrest, whereas Selumetinib had no effect on the cell cycle of resistant cells. Some of the resistant cell lines showed high levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the absence of serum. Selumetinib inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and RSK and had no effect on AKT phosphorylation in both sensitive and resistant cells. Furthermore, mutations in KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA were not clearly associated with Selumetinib resistance. Surprisingly, Selumetinib was able to inhibit phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in sensitive cell lines. However, p70S6K and RPS6 phosphorylation remained unaffected or even increased in resistant cells. Moreover, in some of the resistant cell lines p70S6K and RPS6 were phosphorylated in the absence of serum. Interestingly, colorectal primary cultures derived from tumours excised to patients exhibited the same behaviour than established cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of p70S6K using the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, the specific mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin and the specific p70S6K inhibitor PF-4708671 potentiated Selumetinib effects in resistant cells. In addition, biological inhibition of p70S6K using siRNA rendered responsiveness to Selumetinib in resistant cell lines. Furthermore, combination of p70S6K silencing and PF-47086714 was even more effective. We can conclude that p70S6K and its downstream target RPS6 are potential biomarkers of resistance to Selumetinib in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Grasso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Elena Tristante
- Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain ; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pablo Carbonell
- Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Leticia Mayor-López
- Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Carballo-Santana
- Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Carrasco-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain ; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Fernando Carballo
- Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain ; Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Ferragut
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Lacaci
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain ; Unidad AECC de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Nho RS, Im J, Ho YY, Hergert P. MicroRNA-96 inhibits FoxO3a function in IPF fibroblasts on type I collagen matrix. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L632-42. [PMID: 25172912 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal and progressive lung disease characterized by persistent (myo)fibroblasts and the relentless accumulation of collagen matrix. Unlike normal lung fibroblasts, IPF lung fibroblasts have suppressed forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) activity, which allows them to expand in this diseased environment. microRNA-96 (miR-96) has recently been found to directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of FoxO3a mRNA, which subsequently inhibits its function. We examined whether aberrantly low FoxO3a expression is in part due to increased miR-96 levels in IPF fibroblasts on polymerized collagen, thereby causing IPF fibroblasts to maintain their pathological properties. miR-96 expression was upregulated in IPF fibroblasts compared with control fibroblasts when cultured on collagen. In contrast, FoxO3a mRNA levels were reduced in most IPF fibroblasts. However, when miR-96 function was inhibited, FoxO3a mRNA and protein expression were increased, suppressing IPF fibroblast proliferation and promoting their cell death in a dose-dependent fashion. Likewise, FoxO3a and its target proteins p21, p27, and Bim expression was also increased in the presence of a miR-96 inhibitor in IPF fibroblasts. However, when control fibroblasts were treated with miR-96 mimic, FoxO3a, p27, p21, and Bim mRNA and protein levels were decreased. In situ hybridization analysis further revealed the presence of enhanced miR-96 expression in cells within the fibroblastic foci of IPF lung tissue. Our results suggest that when IPF fibroblasts interact with collagen-rich matrix, pathologically altered miR-96 expression inhibits FoxO3a function, causing IPF fibroblasts to maintain their pathological phenotype, which may contribute to the progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Polla Hergert
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Lung Morphology Research Core Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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KRAS mutational subtype and copy number predict in vitro response of human pancreatic cancer cell lines to MEK inhibition. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1788-801. [PMID: 25167228 PMCID: PMC4453732 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the molecular mechanism regulating sensitivity to MEK inhibition in pancreatic cancer cell lines. METHODS A growth inhibition assay determined sensitivity to MEK162 in a panel of 29 pancreatic cancer cell lines. For the same panel, KRAS mutational status and copy-number variation (CNV) was determine using PCR, array CGH and FISH. Two sensitive and two resistant cell lines were further interrogated for difference in baseline and MEK162-induced gene expression, as well as signal transduction using microarray and western blotting. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS We report a strong correlation between both specific KRAS mutational subtype and CNV, and sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Cell lines with a KRAS (V12) mutation and KRAS gains or loss (n=7) are ∼10 times more resistant than those having neither a KRAS (V12) mutation nor KRAS CNV (n=14). Significant differences in baseline and MEK162-induced gene expression exist between the sensitive and resistant lines, especially in genes involved in RAS, EGF receptor and PI3K pathways. This was further supported by difference in signal transduction. MEK 162 blocked ERK1/2, as well as inhibited PI3K and S6 and increased p27KIP1 levels in the sensitive lines. CONCLUSIONS Given the potency of MEK162, it may be a promising new therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer and KRAS mutational subtypes, and CNV may serve as important biomarkers for selecting patients that benefit from MEK-targeting based on these preclinical data.
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Nho RS, Hergert P. FoxO3a and disease progression. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:346-354. [PMID: 25225602 PMCID: PMC4160528 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) family has recently been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with the many diverse functions of cells. So far, FoxO1, FoxO3a, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins have been identified in humans. Although each FoxO family member has its own role, unlike the other FoxO families, FoxO3a has been extensively studied because of its rather unique and pivotal regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, stress management and longevity. FoxO3a alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of cancers, fibrosis and other types of diseases. In this review, we will examine the function of FoxO3a in disease progression and also explore FoxO3a’s regulatory mechanisms. We will also discuss FoxO3a as a potential target for the treatment of several types of disease.
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Allen JE, Krigsfeld G, Mayes PA, Patel L, Dicker DT, Patel AS, Dolloff NG, Messaris E, Scata KA, Wang W, Zhou JY, Wu GS, El-Deiry WS. Dual inactivation of Akt and ERK by TIC10 signals Foxo3a nuclear translocation, TRAIL gene induction, and potent antitumor effects. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:171ra17. [PMID: 23390247 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an antitumor protein that is in clinical trials as a potential anticancer therapy but suffers from drug properties that may limit efficacy such as short serum half-life, stability, cost, and biodistribution, particularly with respect to the brain. To overcome such limitations, we identified TRAIL-inducing compound 10 (TIC10), a potent, orally active, and stable small molecule that transcriptionally induces TRAIL in a p53-independent manner and crosses the blood-brain barrier. TIC10 induces a sustained up-regulation of TRAIL in tumors and normal cells that may contribute to the demonstrable antitumor activity of TIC10. TIC10 inactivates kinases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), leading to the translocation of Foxo3a into the nucleus, where it binds to the TRAIL promoter to up-regulate gene transcription. TIC10 is an efficacious antitumor therapeutic agent that acts on tumor cells and their microenvironment to enhance the concentrations of the endogenous tumor suppressor TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Allen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Venkannagari S, Fiskus W, Peth K, Atadja P, Hidalgo M, Maitra A, Bhalla KN. Superior efficacy of co-treatment with dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 and pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor against human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1416-27. [PMID: 23232026 PMCID: PMC3717802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations activating K-RAS and PI3K/AKT signaling are also known to induce the activity of mTOR kinase through TORC1 and TORC2 complexes in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we determined the effects of the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235), and the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PS) against human PDAC cells. Treatment with BEZ235 or PS inhibited cell cycle progression with induction of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins, p21 waf1 and p27 kip1. BEZ235 and PS also dose dependently induced loss of cell viability of the cultured PDAC cells, associated with depletion of phosphorylated (p) AKT, as well as of the TORC1 substrates 4EBP1 and p70S6 kinase. While inhibiting p-AKT, treatment with PS induced the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and BAK. Co-treatment with BEZ235 and PS synergistically induced apoptosis of the cultured PDAC cells. This was accompanied by marked attenuation of the levels of p-AKT and Bcl-xL but induction of BIM. Although in vivo treatment with BEZ235 or PS reduced tumor growth, co-treatment with BEZ235 and PS was significantly more effective in controlling the xenograft growth of Panc1 PDAC cells in the nude mice. Furthermore, co-treatment with BEZ235 and PS more effectively blocked tumor growth of primary PDAC heterotransplants (possessing K-RAS mutation and AKT2 amplification) subcutaneously implanted in the nude mice than each agent alone. These findings demonstrate superior activity and support further in vivo evaluation of combined treatment with BEZ235 and PS against PDAC that possess heightened activity of RAS-RAF-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways.
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Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer is often diagnosed at the metastatic stage, with median survival of just 1 year. The identification of driver mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the primary oncogenic event in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas led to a model of targeted treatment and genetic profiling of the disease. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors confer remission in 60% of patients, but responses are short-lived. The pre-existing EGFR Thr790Met mutation could be a subclonal driver responsible for these transient responses. Overexpression of AXL and reduced MED12 function are hallmarks of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Crosstalk between signalling pathways is another mechanism of resistance; therefore, identification of the molecular components involved could lead to the development of combination therapies cotargeting these molecules instead of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy. Additionally, novel biomarkers could be identified through deep sequencing analysis of serial rebiopsies before and during treatment.
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Wang AX, Qi XY. Targeting RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling in metastatic melanoma. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:748-58. [PMID: 23893853 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Qi
- Department of Dermatology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian; People's Republic of China
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Williams CB, Kambhampati S, Fiskus W, Wick J, Dutreix C, Ganguly S, Aljitawi O, Reyes R, Fleming A, Abhyankar S, Bhalla KN, McGuirk JP. Preclinical and phase I results of decitabine in combination with midostaurin (PKC412) for newly diagnosed elderly or relapsed/refractory adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33:1341-52. [PMID: 23798029 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the preclinical activity, clinical maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase II dose of midostaurin (MS) combined either sequentially or concurrently with intravenous decitabine (DAC) in newly diagnosed patients 60 years or older or relapsed/refractory adult patients (18 years or older) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cultured and primary AML cells were treated with DAC and/or MS and analyzed by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. In the phase I study, 16 patients were enrolled; 8 were newly diagnosed patients 60 years or older and 8 were 18 years or older with relapsed AML. Only 2 of 16 patients (13%) had FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations, and no patient had KIT mutations. RESULTS Compared with treatment with either agent alone, sequential treatment with DAC and MS exerted superior anti-AML activity in cultured and primary FLT3-ITD-expressing AML cells. In the subsequent phase I study, the MTD and schedule of administration of the combination was identified as DAC followed by MS. Three patients developed dose-limiting toxicities: two patients developed pulmonary edema requiring mechanical ventilation and one patient developed a prolonged QTc greater than 500 msec. Based on an intent-to-treat analysis, 57% of the patients achieved stable disease or better while enrolled in the trial; 25% had a complete hematologic response. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed results similar to those previously reported for MS. CONCLUSION The in vitro combination of DAC and MS is synergistically active against FLT3-ITD mutations expressing AML cells. In a clinical setting, the combination of sequentially administered DAC followed by MS is possible without significant unexpected toxicity, but the concurrent administration of DAC and MS led to pulmonary toxicity after only a few doses. On the basis of these results, additional studies exploring the sequential combination of untreated AML in elderly patients are warranted to further evaluate this combination at the MTD.
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Signaling cross-talk in the resistance to HER family receptor targeted therapy. Oncogene 2013; 33:1073-81. [PMID: 23542173 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human EGFR 2 (HER2) have an important role in the initiation and progression of various types of cancer. Inhibitors targeting these receptor tyrosine kinases are some of the most successful targeted anticancer drugs widely used for cancer treatment; however, cancer cells have mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance that pose as major obstacles in drug efficacy. Extensive studies from both clinical and laboratory research have identified several molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. Among them is the role of signaling cross-talk between the EGFR/HER2 and other signaling pathways. In this review, we focus particularly on this signaling cross-talk at the receptor, mediator and effector levels, and further discuss alternative approaches to overcome resistance. In addition to well-recognized signaling cross-talk involved in the resistance, we also introduce the cross-talk between EGFR/HER2-mediated pathways and pathways triggered by other types of receptors, including those of the Notch, Wnt and TNFR/IKK/NF-κB pathways, and discuss the potential role of targeting this cross-talk to sensitize cells to EGFR/HER2 inhibitors.
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Kim DJ, Lee MH, Reddy K, Li Y, Lim DY, Xie H, Lee SY, Yeom YI, Bode AM, Dong Z. CInQ-03, a novel allosteric MEK inhibitor, suppresses cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1134-43. [PMID: 23354306 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 signaling pathway is a major component of the RAS (Rat sarcoma)/RAF (Radpidly accelerated fibrosarcoma)/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERKs (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases) signaling axis that regulates tumorigenesis and cancer cell growth. MEK is frequently activated in various cancers that have mutations in the KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Therefore, MEK has been suggested as a therapeutic target for inhibitor development against tumors that are dependent on the activating mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Herein, we report the discovery of three novel MEK inhibitors, herein referred to as CInQ-01, CInQ-03 and CInQ-06. All three inhibitors were highly effective in suppressing MEK1 and MEK2 in vitro kinase activity as well as anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth. The inhibitory activity was associated with markedly reduced phosphorylation of ERKs and ribosomal S6 kinases. Furthermore, administration of CInQ-03 inhibited colon cancer cell growth in an in vivo xenograft mouse model and showed no skin toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that these novel MEK inhibitors might be used for chemotherapy or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) control many important aspects of immune cell development, differentiation, and function. Mammals have eight PI3K catalytic subunits that are divided into three classes based on similarities in structure and function. Specific roles for the class I PI3Ks have been broadly investigated and are relatively well understood, as is the function of their corresponding phosphatases. More recently, specific roles for the class II and class III PI3Ks have emerged. Through vertebrate evolution and in parallel with the evolution of adaptive immunity, there has been a dramatic increase not only in the genes for PI3K subunits but also in genes for phosphatases that act on 3-phosphoinositides and in 3-phosphoinositide-binding proteins. Our understanding of the PI3Ks in immunity is guided by fundamental discoveries made in simpler model organisms as well as by appreciating new adaptations of this signaling module in mammals in general and in immune cells in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom.
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Liu H, Zhou BH, Qiu X, Wang HS, Zhang F, Fang R, Wang XF, Cai SH, Du J, Bu XZ. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of the reactive oxygen species-FOXO3a pathway in lung cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2204-17. [PMID: 23085518 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural polyphenol product of the plant Curcuma longa and has a diversity of antitumor activities. T63, a new 4-arylidene curcumin analogue, was reported to inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells. However, its precise molecular antitumor mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Here, we showed that T63 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H460 human lung cell lines via induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated FOXO3a cascade plays a central role in T63-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Mechanistically, enhancement of ROS production by T63 induced FOXO3a expression and nuclear translocation through activation of p38MAPK and inhibition of AKT, subsequently elevating the expression of FOXO3a target genes, including p21, p27, and Bim, and then increased the levels of activated caspase-3 and decreased the levels of cyclin D1. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine markedly blocked the above effects, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a also significantly decreased T63-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed that T63 significantly suppressed the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors, associated with proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction in tumor tissues, without inducing any notable major organ-related toxicity. These data indicated that the novel curcumin analogue T63 is a potent antitumor agent that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and has significant therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Qiu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian-Zhang Bu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Kong X, Moran MS, Zhao Y, Yang Q. Inhibition of metadherin sensitizes breast cancer cells to AZD6244. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:43-9. [PMID: 22336587 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.13.1.18868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of systemic therapy drug resistance for breast cancer treatment is an ongoing problem, thus, so are the potential molecular mechanisms of it. AZD6244 is a novel ATP-uncompetitive inhibitor to MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 which has been demonstrated to be potent, selective and safe in the clinical trials and previous studies. However, the precise role of resistance to AZD6244 is largely unknown. We and other groups have reported that the novel oncogene Metadherin (MTDH) is associated with multiple drug resistance, but there is no report about its role in treatment of AZD6244. Here we report that the resistance to AZD6244 can be reserved by downregulating MTDH in breast cancer cell lines. When the MTDH was downregulated, the breast cancer cells exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity to AZD6244 as measured by MTT assay. After treated with AZD6244 the MTDH-knockdown cells showed more apoptosis rate and growth inhibition. We also showed that knockdown of MTDH cannot only increase expression of FOXO3a but also activate it by promoting its translocation via MTDH/ERK1/2/FOXO3a pathway rather than MTDH/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. In conclusion knockdown MTDH can enhance the breast cancer cells sensitivity to AZD6244 via regulating the expression and activity of FOXO3a. These indicate us that MTDH is a candidate marker to predict the clinical efficacy of AZD6244 and targeting MTDH could overcome the resistance to AZD6244 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Shandong, China
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Yoo H, Lee YS, Lee S, Kim S, Kim TY. Pachastrissamine fromPachastrissa sp. Inhibits Melanoma Cell Growth by Dual Inhibition of Cdk2 and ERK-mediated FOXO3 Downregulation. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1927-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul; 137-040; South Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul; 137-040; South Korea
| | - Sukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Shilim, Kwanak; Seoul; 151-742; Korea
| | | | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul; 137-040; South Korea
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Yamaguchi H, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Regulation of ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation by survival kinases in cancer. Front Oncol 2012; 2:15. [PMID: 22649777 PMCID: PMC3355968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system is essential for multiple physiological processes via selective degradation of target proteins and has been shown to plays a critical role in human cancer. Activation of oncogenic factors and inhibition of tumor suppressors have been shown to be essential for cancer development, and protein ubiquitination has been linked to the regulation of oncogenic factors and tumor suppressors. Three kinases, AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and IκB kinase, we refer to as oncokinases, are activated in multiple human cancers. We and others have identified several key downstream targets that are commonly regulated by these oncokinases, some of which are regulated directly or indirectly via ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation, including FOXO3, β-catenin, myeloid cell leukemia-1, and Snail. In this review, we summarize these findings from our and other groups and discuss potential future studies and applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is deregulated in over 90% of malignant melanomas, and targeting MEK as a central kinase of this pathway is currently tested in clinical trials. However, dose-limiting side effects are observed, and MEK inhibitors that sufficiently reduce ERK activation in patients show a low clinical response. Apart from dose limitations, a reason for the low response to MEK targeting drugs is thought to be the upregulation of counteracting signalling cascades as a direct response to MEK inhibition. Therefore, understanding the biology of melanoma cells and the effects of MEK inhibition on these cells will help to identify new combinatorial approaches that are more potent and allow for lower concentrations of the drug being used. We have discovered that in melanoma cells MEK inhibition by selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) or PD184352, while efficiently suppressing proliferation, stimulates increased invasiveness. Inhibition of MEK suppresses actin-cortex contraction and increases integrin-mediated adhesion. Most importantly, and surprisingly, MEK inhibition results in a significant increase in matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2 and membrane-type 1-MMP expression. All together, MEK inhibition in melanoma cells induces a 'mesenchymal' phenotype that is characterised by protease-driven invasion. This mode of invasion is dependent on integrin-mediated adhesion, and because SRC kinases are the main regulators of this process, the SRC kinase inhibitor, saracatinib (AZD0530), completely abolished the MEK inhibitor-induced invasion. Moreover, the combination of saracatinib and selumetinib effectively suppressed the growth and invasion of melanoma cells in a 3D environment, suggesting that combined inhibition of MEK and SRC is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of targeting the ERK/MAP kinase pathway in melanoma.
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Yang JY, Hung MC. Deciphering the role of forkhead transcription factors in cancer therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:1284-90. [PMID: 21443462 DOI: 10.2174/138945011796150299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO) are critical for the regulation of cell cycle arrest, cell death, and DNA damage repair. Inactivation of FOXO proteins may be associated with tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leukemia. Accumulated evidence shows that activation of oncogenic pathways such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT/IKK or RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase suppresses FOXO transcriptional activity through the phosphorylation of FOXOs at different sites that ultimately leads to nuclear exclusion and degradation of FOXOs. In addition, posttranslational modifications of FOXOs such as acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination also contribute to modulating FOXO3a functions. Several anti-cancer drugs like paclitaxel, imatinib, and doxorubicin activate FOXO3a by counteracting those oncogenic pathways which restrain FOXOs functions. In this review, we will illustrate the regulation of FOXOs and reveal potential therapeutics that target FOXOs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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