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Lin L, Li J, Song Q, Cheng W, Chen P. The role of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathways in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e711. [PMID: 36301039 PMCID: PMC9552978 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with irreversible and continuous progression. It has become the fifth most burdensome disease and the third most deadly disease globally. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent, and it is also important to clarify the pathogenesis of it. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) can cause lung inflammation and other pathological mechanisms in the airways and lung tissue. Airway inflammation is one of the important mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, including COPD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, which mainly exerts its activity by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further participate in the process of airway inflammation. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 are related to inflammation in COPD. Herein, we discuss the roles of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in CS/cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation in COPD, providing a new target for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Unit of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory DiseaseCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Borde C, Dillard C, L’Honoré A, Quignon F, Hamon M, Marchand CH, Faccion RS, Costa MGS, Pramil E, Larsen AK, Sabbah M, Lemaire SD, Maréchal V, Escargueil AE. The C-Terminal Acidic Tail Modulates the Anticancer Properties of HMGB1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147865. [PMID: 35887213 PMCID: PMC9319070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism reprogramming was recently listed as a hallmark of cancer. In this process, the switch from pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M1 to pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) is believed to play a crucial role. Interestingly, the activity of the active form of PKM2 can efficiently be inhibited by the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, leading to a rapid blockage of glucose-dependent aerobic respiration and cancer cell death. HMGB1 is a member of the HMG protein family. It contains two DNA-binding HMG-box domains and an acidic C-terminal tail capable of positively or negatively modulating its biological properties. In this work, we report that the deletion of the C-terminal tail of HMGB1 increases its activity towards a large panel of cancer cells without affecting the viability of normal immortalized fibroblasts. Moreover, in silico analysis suggests that the truncated form of HMGB1 retains the capacity of the full-length protein to interact with PKM2. However, based on the capacity of the cells to circumvent oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, we were able to identify either a cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of the proteins. Together, our study provides new insights in the characterization of the anticancer activity of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Borde
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Clémentine Dillard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Aurore L’Honoré
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Frédérique Quignon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 144, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, F-75248 Paris, France;
| | - Marion Hamon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FR550, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.H.); (C.H.M.)
| | - Christophe H. Marchand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FR550, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.H.); (C.H.M.)
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Roberta Soares Faccion
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Hospital do Câncer I, Centro de Pesquisas do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23/6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Maurício G. S. Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Computação Científica, Vice-Presidência de Educação, Informação e Comunicação, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Elodie Pramil
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology-APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.E.); Tel.: +33-(0)-1-44-27-31-53 (V.M.); +33-(0)-1-49-28-46-44 (A.E.E.)
| | - Alexandre E. Escargueil
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.B.); (C.D.); (R.S.F.); (E.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.E.); Tel.: +33-(0)-1-44-27-31-53 (V.M.); +33-(0)-1-49-28-46-44 (A.E.E.)
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Hasan A, Rizvi SF, Parveen S, Pathak N, Nazir A, Mir SS. Crosstalk Between ROS and Autophagy in Tumorigenesis: Understanding the Multifaceted Paradox. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852424. [PMID: 35359388 PMCID: PMC8960719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer formation is a highly regulated and complex process, largely dependent on its microenvironment. This complexity highlights the need for developing novel target-based therapies depending on cancer phenotype and genotype. Autophagy, a catabolic process, removes damaged and defective cellular materials through lysosomes. It is activated in response to stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is induced by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are multifaceted molecules that drive several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Moreover, autophagy also plays a dual role, initially inhibiting tumor formation but promoting tumor progression during advanced stages. Mounting evidence has suggested an intricate crosstalk between autophagy and ROS where they can either suppress cancer formation or promote disease etiology. This review highlights the regulatory roles of autophagy and ROS from tumor induction to metastasis. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies that have been devised so far to combat cancer. Based on the review, we finally present some gap areas that could be targeted and may provide a basis for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Suroor Fatima Rizvi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Garg K, Deora H, Umana GE, Palmisciano P, Scalia G, Lu B. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in stroke and cancer. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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The Serine Protease CD26/DPP4 in Non-Transformed and Malignant T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235947. [PMID: 34885056 PMCID: PMC8657226 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transmembrane serine protease CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 modulates T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector function. Due to their remarkable tumoricidal properties CD26-positive T cells are considered promising candidates for T cell-based immunotherapies while in cutaneous T cell lymphoma CD26/DPP4 expression patterns are established markers for diagnosis and possibly prognosis. With a focus on T cells, we review current knowledge on the regulation of CD26/DPP4 expression and release, its implication in T-cell effector function and the suitability CD26/DPP4 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic factor in T-cell malignancies. Abstract CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides. CD26/DPP4 is expressed on several immune cell types including T and NK cells, dendritic cells, and activated B cells. A catalytically active soluble form of CD26/DPP4 can be released from the plasma membrane. Given its wide array of substrates and interaction partners CD26/DPP4 has been implicated in numerous biological processes and effects can be dependent or independent of its enzymatic activity and are exerted by the transmembrane protein and/or the soluble form. CD26/DPP4 has been implicated in the modulation of T-cell activation and proliferation and CD26/DPP4-positive T cells are characterized by remarkable anti-tumor properties rendering them interesting candidates for T cell-based immunotherapies. Moreover, especially in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma CD26/DPP4 expression patterns emerged as an established marker for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Surprisingly, besides a profound knowledge on substrates, interaction partners, and associated signal transduction pathways, the precise role of CD26/DPP4 for T cell-based immune responses is only partially understood.
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Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050642. [PMID: 33922139 PMCID: PMC8143540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans including cancers. Several studies have been found to be marked with increased ROS production which activates pro-tumorigenic signaling, enhances cell survival and proliferation and drives DNA damage and genetic instability. However, higher ROS levels have been found to promote anti-tumorigenic signaling by initiating oxidative stress-induced tumor cell death. Tumor cells develop a mechanism where they adjust to the high ROS by expressing elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify them while maintaining pro-tumorigenic signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, ROS manipulation can be a potential target for cancer therapies as cancer cells present an altered redox balance in comparison to their normal counterparts. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the generation and sources of ROS within tumor cells, ROS-associated signaling pathways, their regulation by antioxidant defense systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production in tumor progression. It will provide an insight into how pro- and anti-tumorigenic ROS signaling pathways could be manipulated during the treatment of cancer.
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Kim JE, Park H, Kim TH, Kang TC. LONP1 Regulates Mitochondrial Accumulations of HMGB1 and Caspase-3 in CA1 and PV Neurons Following Status Epilepticus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2275. [PMID: 33668863 PMCID: PMC7956547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lon protease 1 (LONP1) is a highly conserved serine peptidase that plays an important role in the protein quality control system in mammalian mitochondria. LONP1 catalyzes the degradation of oxidized, dysfunctional, and misfolded matrix proteins inside mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial gene expression and genome integrity. Therefore, LONP1 is up-regulated and suppresses cell death in response to oxidative stress, heat shock, and nutrient starvation. On the other hand, translocation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and active caspase-3 into mitochondria is involved in apoptosis of parvalbumin (PV) cells (one of the GABAergic interneurons) and necrosis of CA1 neurons in the rat hippocampus, respectively, following status epilepticus (SE). In the present study, we investigated whether LONP1 may improve neuronal viability to prevent or ameliorate translocation of active caspase-3 and HMGB1 in mitochondria within PV and CA1 neurons. Following SE, LONP1 expression was up-regulated in mitochondria of PV and CA1 neurons. LONP1 knockdown deteriorated SE-induced neuronal death with mitochondrial accumulation of active caspase-3 and HMGB1 in PV cells and CA1 neurons, respectively. LONP1 knockdown did not affect the aberrant mitochondrial machinery induced by SE. Therefore, our findings suggest, for the first time, that LONP1 may contribute to the alleviation of mitochondrial overloads of active caspase-3 and HMGB1, and the maintenance of neuronal viability against SE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym Unversity, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.P.); (T.-H.K.)
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Purinergic Signaling Within the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:73-87. [PMID: 33123994 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have clearly demonstrated high concentrations of extracellular ATP (eATP) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Implications of these findings are multifold as ATP-mediated purinergic signaling has been shown to mediate a variety of cancer-related processes, including cell migration, resistance to cytotoxic therapy, and immune regulation. Broad roles of ATP within the tumor microenvironment are linked to the abundance of ATP-regulated purinergic receptors on cancer and stromal and various immune cell types, as well as on the importance of ATP release and signaling in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. ATP release and downstream purinergic signaling are emerging as a central regulator of tumor growth and an important target for therapeutic intervention. In this chapter, we summarize the major roles of purinergic signaling in the tumor microenvironment with a specific focus on its critical roles in the induction of immunogenic cancer cell death and immune modulation.
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Septic Shock Alters Mitochondrial Respiration of Lymphoid Cell-Lines and Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: The Role of Plasma. Shock 2020; 51:97-104. [PMID: 29461465 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In septic shock patients, postseptic immunosuppression state after the systemic inflammatory response syndrome is responsible for nosocomial infections, with subsequent increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess the underlying cellular mechanisms of the postseptic immunosuppression state, by investigating mitochondrial functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from septic shock patients over 7 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients admitted to a French intensive care unit for septic shock were included. At days 1 and 7, PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Mitochondrial respiration of intact septic PBMCs was assessed versus control group PBMCs, by measuring O2 consumption in plasma, using high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondrial respiration was then compared between septic plasmas and control plasmas for control PBMCs, septic PBMCs, and lymphoid cell-line (CEM). To investigate the role of plasma, we measured several plasma cytokines, among them High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Basal O2 consumption of septic shock PBMCs was of 8.27 ± 3.39 and 10.48 ± 3.99 pmol/s/10 cells at days 1 and 7, respectively, significantly higher than in control PBMCs (5.37 ± 1.46 pmol/s/10 cells, P < 0.05). Septic patient PBMCs showed a lower response to oligomycin, suggesting a reduced ATP-synthase activity, as well as an increased response to carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) suggesting an increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity. At 6 h, septic plasmas showed a decreased O2 consumption of CEM (4.73 ± 1.46 vs. 6.58 ± 1.53, P < 0.05) as well as in control group PBMCs (1.76 ± 0.36 vs. 2.70 ± 0.42, P < 0.05), and triggered a decreased ATP-synthase activity but an increased response to FCCP. These differences are not explained by different cell survival. High HMGB1 levels were significantly associated with reduced PBMCs mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Septic plasma impairs mitochondrial respiration in immune cells, with a possible role of the proinflammatory protein HMGB1, leading to a subsequent compensation, probably by enzymatic activation. This compensation result is an improvement of global mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but without restoring ATP-synthase activity.
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Demonstrate Mitochondrial Damage Clearance During Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:651-658. [PMID: 30730439 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic derangements in sepsis stem from mitochondrial injury and contribute significantly to organ failure and mortality; however, little is known about mitochondrial recovery in human sepsis. We sought to test markers of mitochondrial injury and recovery (mitochondrial biogenesis) noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis and correlate serial measurements with clinical outcomes. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Hospital. PATIENTS Uninfected control patients (n = 20) and septic ICU patients (n = 37). INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected once from control patients and serially with clinical data on days 1, 3, and 5 from septic patients. Gene products for HMOX1, NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM, and mitochondrial DNA ND1 and D-loop were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma and neutrophil lysates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median (interquartile range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were 21 (8) and 10 (4), respectively, and 90-day mortality was 19%. Transcript levels of all four genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly reduced in septic patients on day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas mitochondrial DNA copy number fell and plasma D-loop increased (both p < 0.05), indicative of mitochondrial damage. D-loop content was directly proportional to tumor necrosis factor-α and high-mobility group protein B1 cytokine expression. By day 5, we observed transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and restoration of mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.05). Patients with early activation of mitochondrial biogenesis were ICU-free by 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support data that sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage is reversed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and that gene transcripts measured noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells can serve as novel biomarkers of sepsis recovery.
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Di X, He G, Chen H, Zhu C, Qin Q, Yan J, Zhang X, Sun X. High-mobility group box 1 protein modulated proliferation and radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:728-735. [PMID: 29968320 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays an important role in a lot of biological behaviors, including DNA damage repair, gene transcription, cell replication, and cell death, and its expression is higher in many solid tumors tissues than in their adjacent normal tissues, and it is always involved in tumor proliferation, metastasis, therapeutic tolerance, and poor prognosis. However, HMGB1 in proliferation and radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poorly understood. In this study, the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation, cell death, DNA damage repair and radioresistance, and its underlying mechanism was investigated in human ESCC. METHODS The immunohistochemistry scores of tumor and adjacent normal tissues in ESCC tissue microarray were analyzed. Stable HMGB1 knockdown cell lines were constructed using Kyse150 and Kyse450 cells. Cell viability, radioresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage were determined using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, clonogenic survival assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot assays. RESULTS Differential analyses showed that the expression of HMGB1 in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The downregulation of HMGB1 could effectively inhibit proliferation, increase radiosensitivity, impair DNA damage repair abilities, reduce autophagy, and increase apoptosis rates in ESCC cells after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 is expected to be a potential target for ESCC therapy and radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Di
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofeng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chefetz I, Grimley E, Yang K, Hong L, Vinogradova EV, Suciu R, Kovalenko I, Karnak D, Morgan CA, Chtcherbinine M, Buchman C, Huddle B, Barraza S, Morgan M, Bernstein KA, Yoon E, Lombard DB, Bild A, Mehta G, Romero I, Chiang CY, Landen C, Cravatt B, Hurley TD, Larsen SD, Buckanovich RJ. A Pan-ALDH1A Inhibitor Induces Necroptosis in Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3061-3075.e6. [PMID: 30865894 PMCID: PMC7061440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is typified by the development of chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapy resistance is associated with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity, increased cancer "stemness," and expression of the stem cell marker CD133. As such, ALDH activity has been proposed as a therapeutic target. Although it remains controversial which of the 19 ALDH family members drive chemotherapy resistance, ALDH1A family members have been primarily linked with chemotherapy resistant and stemness. We identified two ALDH1A family selective inhibitors (ALDH1Ai). ALDH1Ai preferentially kills CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). ALDH1Ai induce necroptotic CSC death, mediated, in part, by the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and reduction in oxidative phosphorylation. ALDH1Ai is highly synergistic with chemotherapy, reducing tumor initiation capacity and increasing tumor eradication in vivo. These studies link ALDH1A with necroptosis and confirm the family as a critical therapeutic target to overcome chemotherapy resistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Chefetz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward Grimley
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gynecology-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda Hong
- Division of Gynecology-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Radu Suciu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Karnak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia A Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mikhail Chtcherbinine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cameron Buchman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandt Huddle
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott Barraza
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meredith Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kara A Bernstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Bild
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iris Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin Cravatt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Gynecology-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gynecology-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Tripathi A, Shrinet K, Kumar A. HMGB1 protein as a novel target for cancer. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:253-261. [PMID: 30911468 PMCID: PMC6416660 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly conserved nuclear protein High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) present in mammals has functionality as an immuno-modulator in the form of cytokine molecule, as a nuclear factor to regulate these molecules and DNA structural determination. It has proximal homologous DNA binding domains Box-A, Box-B and distal C-terminal domain. Reduced form exists in basic condition has chemotaxis activity, while form with disulphide bond reduced at 106th cysteine showed cytokine activity. The oxidized form is devoid of both activities. HMGB1 binds and bends dsDNA and also activates genes for secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18. It can interact with transcription factors Rel/NF-κB and p53 responsible for up-regulating oncogenes. Oxidative stressed injured tissues actively secrete HMGB1 outside cells to necrotize other nearby tissues passively in cytosol. Acetylation of HMGB1 weakens its binding with DNA, and promotes its migration to different tissues leading to secretion of inflammatory-cytokines. HMGB1 expression has been found very important in the genesis and promotion of different cancer by promoting metastasis. In current article, we emphasized on condition based structural variability of HMGB1, mechanism of release, physiological functions and its functionality as a biomarker for cancer to be targeted to curb cancer genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Kim JE, Kang TC. Differential Roles of Mitochondrial Translocation of Active Caspase-3 and HMGB1 in Neuronal Death Induced by Status Epilepticus. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:301. [PMID: 30233331 PMCID: PMC6133957 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under pathophysiological conditions, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics lead to the different types of neuronal death: excessive mitochondrial fission provokes apoptosis and abnormal mitochondrial elongation induces necrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms how the different mitochondrial dynamics result in the distinct neuronal death patterns have been elusive. In the present study, status epilepticus (SE) evoked excessive mitochondrial fission in parvalbumin (PV) cells (one of GABAergic interneurons) and abnormal mitochondrial elongation in CA1 neurons in the rat hippocampus. These impaired mitochondrial dynamics were accompanied by mitochondrial translocations of active caspase-3 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in PV cells and CA1 neurons, respectively. WY14643 (an activator of mitochondrial fission) aggravated SE-induced PV cell loss by enhancing active caspase-3 induction and its mitochondrial translocation, which were attenuated by Mdivi-1 (an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission). Mitochondrial HMGB1 import was not observed in PV cell. In contrast to PV cells, Mdivi-1 deteriorated SE-induced CA1 neuronal death concomitant with mitochondrial HMGB1 translocation, which was abrogated by WY14643. These findings suggest that SE-induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in translocation of active caspase-3 and HMGB1 into mitochondria, which regulate neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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15
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Sprague L, Braidwood L, Conner J, Cassady KA, Benencia F, Cripe TP. Please stand by: how oncolytic viruses impact bystander cells. Future Virol 2018; 13:671-680. [PMID: 30416535 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) do more than simply infect and kill host cells. The accepted mechanism of action for OVs consists of a primary lytic phase and a subsequent antitumor and antiviral immune response. However, not all cells are subject to the direct effects of OV therapy, and it is becoming clear that OVs can also impact uninfected cells in the periphery. This review discusses the effects of OVs on uninfected neighboring cells, so-called bystander effects, and implications for OV therapies alone or in combination with other standard of care chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslee Sprague
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, 43201 OH, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, 43201 OH, USA
| | - Lynne Braidwood
- Virttu Biologics, BioCity, Scotland, UK.,Virttu Biologics, BioCity, Scotland, UK
| | - Joe Conner
- Virttu Biologics, BioCity, Scotland, UK.,Virttu Biologics, BioCity, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin A Cassady
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT & Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT & Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Ohio University Russ College of Engineering & Technology, Biomedical Engineering, Athens, 45701 OH, USA.,Ohio University Russ College of Engineering & Technology, Biomedical Engineering, Athens, 45701 OH, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, 43201 OH, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT & Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, 43201 OH, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT & Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, 43205 OH, USA
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16
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Wu D, Liang H, Wang H, Duan C, Yazdani H, Zhou J, Pan Y, Shan B, Su Z, Wei J, Cui T, Tai S. Hepatitis B virus-X protein regulates high mobility group box 1 to promote the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4418-4426. [PMID: 30214576 PMCID: PMC6126216 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV X protein (HBx) is an important carcinogen for HBV-induced HCC. When the HBx gene is integrated into the host cell genome, it is difficult to eradicate. The identification of an effective target to inhibit the oncogenic function of HBx is therefore critically important. The present study demonstrated that HBx, particularly truncated HBx, was expressed in several HBV-derived cell lines (e.g., Hep3B and SNU423). By analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, it was revealed that high expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was associated with the process and prognosis of HCC. In vitro experiments confirmed that HBx could regulate the expression of HMGB1 and knockdown of HMGB1 could decrease the ability of HBx to promote cellular proliferation. HBx could also upregulate six transcription factors (GATA binding protein 3, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3, heat shock transcription factor 1, nuclear factor κB subunit 1, TATA-box binding protein and Kruppel-like factor 4), which could directly regulate HMGB1. By analyzing genes that are co-expressed with HMGB1, several signaling pathways associated with the development of HCC were identified. HBx and HMGB1 were revealed to be involved in these pathways, which may be the mechanism by which HBx promotes HCC by regulating HMGB1. These findings suggested that HMGB1 may be an effective target for inhibiting HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Wu
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Changhu Duan
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hamza Yazdani
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinan Zhou
- Biochemistry Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Pan
- Biochemistry Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Baga Shan
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhilei Su
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Wei
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Tiangang Cui
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Tai
- General Surgery Department 1, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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17
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Autophagy in glioma cells: An identity crisis with a clinical perspective. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:139-146. [PMID: 29709703 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, autophagy has emerged as one of the critical cellular systems that control homeostasis. Besides management of normal homeostatic processes, autophagy can also be induced by tissue damage stress or by rapidly progressing tumors. During tumor progression, autophagy mediates a cellular reaction to the changes inside and outside of cells, which leads to tumor adaptation. Even though the regulation of autophagy seems universal and is a well-described process, its dysregulation and role in glioma progression remain an important topic of investigation. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of autophagy regulation in brain tumor tissues and possible interconnection between signaling pathways that govern cellular responses. This perspective may help to assess the qualitative differences and various outcomes in response to autophagy stimulation.
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18
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Sprague L, Lee JM, Hutzen BJ, Wang PY, Chen CY, Conner J, Braidwood L, Cassady KA, Cripe TP. High Mobility Group Box 1 Influences HSV1716 Spread and Acts as an Adjuvant to Chemotherapy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10030132. [PMID: 29543735 PMCID: PMC5869525 DOI: 10.3390/v10030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein that plays various roles in the processes of inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. Many reports document abundant HMGB1 release following infection with oncolytic viruses (OVs). Further, other groups including previous reports from our laboratory highlight the synergistic effects of OVs with chemotherapy drugs. Here, we show that virus-free supernatants have varying cytotoxic potential, and HMGB1 is actively secreted by two established fibroblast cell lines (NIH 3T3 and 3T6-Swiss albino) following HSV1716 infection in vitro. Further, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic knock-down of HMGB1 reveals a role for HMGB1 in viral restriction, the ability to modulate bystander cell proliferation, and drug sensitivity in 3T6 cells. These data further support the multifactorial role of HMGB1, and suggest it could be a target for modulating the efficacy of oncolytic virus therapies alone or in combination with other frontline cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslee Sprague
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joel M Lee
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Brian J Hutzen
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Joe Conner
- Virttu Biologics, BioCity Glasgow, Newhouse ML1 5UH, UK.
| | | | - Kevin A Cassady
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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19
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Lee DM, Kim IY, Seo MJ, Kwon MR, Choi KS. Nutlin-3 enhances the bortezomib sensitivity of p53-defective cancer cells by inducing paraptosis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e365. [PMID: 28798402 PMCID: PMC5579507 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is ineffective against many solid tumors. Nutlin-3 is a potent antagonist of human homolog of murine double minute 2/p53 interaction exhibiting promising therapeutic anti-cancer activity. In this study, we show that treatment of various p53-defective bortezomib-resistant solid tumor cells with bortezomib plus nutlin-3 induces paraptosis, which is a cell death mode accompanied by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Bortezomib alone did not markedly alter cellular morphology, and nutlin-3 alone induced only a transient mitochondrial dilation. However, bortezomib/nutlin-3 co-treatment triggered the progressive fusion of swollen ER and the formation of megamitochondria, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, proteasomal-impairment-induced ER stress, CHOP upregulation and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis were found to be critically involved in the bortezomib/nutlin-3-induced dilation of the ER. Our results further suggest that mitochondrial unfolded protein stress may play an important role in the mitochondrial dilation observed during bortezomib/nutlin-3-induced cell death. Collectively, these findings suggest that bortezomib/nutlin-3 perturbs proteostasis, triggering ER/mitochondria stress and irrecoverable impairments in their structure and function, ultimately leading to paraptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Ri Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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20
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Li CJ, Liao WT, Wu MY, Chu PY. New Insights into the Role of Autophagy in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071566. [PMID: 28753959 PMCID: PMC5536054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that is affected by various factors, including hypoxia, acidosis, and immune and inflammatory responses, which have significant effects on tumor adhesion, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. In this hostile tumor microenvironment, autophagy of tumor cells can promote tumor growth and metastasis. As autophagy is a double-edged sword in tumors, treatment of cancer via regulation of autophagy is extremely complicated. Therefore, understanding the relationship between tumor autophagy and the tumor microenvironment is extremely important. As the immune milieu plays an important role in tumor development, immunotherapy has become a promising form of cancer therapy. A multi-pronged treatment approach using immunotherapy and molecular targets may become the major direction for future cancer treatments. This article reviews existing knowledge regarding the immune factors in the tumor microenvironment and the status of tumor autophagy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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21
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Min SJ, Hyun HW, Kang TC. Leptomycin B attenuates neuronal death via PKA- and PP2B-mediated ERK1/2 activation in the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus. Brain Res 2017; 1670:14-23. [PMID: 28601633 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leptomycin B (LMB), originally developed as an anti-fungal agent, has potent neuroprotective properties against status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity). However, the pharmacological profiles and mechanisms of LMB for neuroprotection remain elusive. In the present study, we found that LMB increased phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunits, protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B, calcineurin) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) under normal condition, and abolished SE-induced neuronal death. Co-treatment of H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) with LMB could not affect the seizure latency and its severity in response to pilocarpine. However, H-89 co-treatment abrogated the protective effect of LMB on SE-induced neuronal damage. Cyclosporin A (CsA, a PP2B inhibitor) co-treatment effectively prevented SE-induced neuronal death without altered seizure susceptibility in response to pilocarpine more than LMB alone. H-89 co-treatment inhibited LMB-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but CsA enhanced it. U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) co-treatment abolished the protective effect of LMB on SE-induced neuronal death without alterations in PKA and PP2B phosphorylations. To the best of our knowledge, the present data demonstrate a previously unreported potential neuroprotective role of LMB against SE via PKA- and PP2B-mediated ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Min
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea; Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea; Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea; Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, South Korea.
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22
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He SJ, Cheng J, Feng X, Yu Y, Tian L, Huang Q. The dual role and therapeutic potential of high-mobility group box 1 in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64534-64550. [PMID: 28969092 PMCID: PMC5610024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant protein in most eukaryocytes. It can bind to several receptors such as advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in direct or indirect way. The biological effects of HMGB1 depend on its expression and subcellular location. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. While outside the nucleus, it possesses more complicated functions, including regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, inflammation and immunity. During tumor development, HMGB1 has been characterized as both a pro- and anti-tumoral protein by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, the current knowledge concerning the positive and negative effects of HMGB1 on tumor development is not explicit. Here, we evaluate the role of HMGB1 in tumor development and attempt to reconcile the dual effects of HMGB1 in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we would like to present current strategies targeting against HMGB1, its receptor or release, which have shown potentially therapeutic value in cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Roth W. [Cell death in malignant tumors. Relevance of cell death regulation for metastasis]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 36 Suppl 2:181-4. [PMID: 26400565 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the regulation of cell death are important causes for both the development and therapy resistance of malignant tumors. Several distinct, molecularly defined types of cell death are known, such as apoptosis, anoikis, and necroptosis. Moreover, the specific triggering of cell death plays an important role in the prevention of metastasis. The results of recent studies have shown that various types of cell death are pivotal at different steps of the metastasis cascade, in order to prevent cellular detachment, migration, invasion, intravasation, extravasation and the establishment of micrometastasis and macrometastasis. At the subcellular level, numerous links exist between cell death regulation and metastasis, specifically regarding signaling pathways and individual proteins with dual or multiple functions. As an example, the decoy receptor 3 protein (DcR3) functions both as an anti-apoptotic protein and as a direct promotor of invasion and migration of tumor cells. In summary, the specific triggering of cell death plays a pivotal role for the prevention of metastasis. On the other hand, the stepwise process of metastasis represents a mechanism of selection resulting in established metastases with a multiresistant phenotype which corresponds to the clinical observation that many metastasized cancers are therapy resistant. In the future, innovative diagnostic tests to individually predict the resistance pattern and possibilities to overcome resistance are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Roth
- Pathologisches Institut, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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24
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Cerwenka A, Kopitz J, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Gdynia G. HMGB1: The metabolic weapon in the arsenal of NK cells. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1175538. [PMID: 27652323 PMCID: PMC4972106 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2016.1175538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tumor glycolysis would hit the main energy source of cancer. We show that natural killer (NK) cells pursue this strategy by employing high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein—a well-known proinflammatory cytokine—to specifically target glycolysis in cancer cells. This opens up new perspectives for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Cerwenka
- German Cancer Research Center, Research Group Innate Immunity , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Hyun HW, Ko AR, Kang TC. Mitochondrial Translocation of High Mobility Group Box 1 Facilitates LIM Kinase 2-Mediated Programmed Necrotic Neuronal Death. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:99. [PMID: 27147971 PMCID: PMC4829584 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts a signaling molecule regulating a wide range of inflammatory responses in extracellular space. HMGB1 also stabilizes nucleosomal structure and facilitates gene transcription. Under pathophysiological conditions, nuclear HMGB1 is immediately transported to the cytoplasm through chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1). Recently, we have reported that up-regulation of LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) expression induces HMGB1 export from neuronal nuclei during status epilepticus (SE)-induced programmed neuronal necrosis in the rat hippocampus. Thus, we investigated whether HMGB1 involves LIMK2-mediated programmed neuronal necrosis, but such role is not reported. In the present study, SE was induced by pilocarpine in rats that were intracerebroventricularly infused with saline, control siRNA, LIMK2 siRNA or leptomycin B (LMB, a CRM1 inhibitor) prior to SE induction. Thereafter, we performed Fluoro-Jade B staining, western blots and immunohistochemical studies. LIMK2 knockdown effectively attenuated SE-induced neuronal death and HMGB1 import into mitochondria accompanied by inhibiting nuclear HMGB1 release and abnormal mitochondrial elongation. LMB alleviated SE-induced neuronal death and nuclear HMGB1 release. However, LMB did not prevent mitochondrial elongation induced by SE, but inhibited the HMGB1 import into mitochondria. The efficacy of LMB was less effective to attenuate SE-induced neuronal death than that of LIMK2 siRNA. These findings indicate that nuclear HMGB1 release and the subsequent mitochondrial import may facilitate and deteriorate programmed necrotic neuronal deaths. The present data suggest that the nuclear HMGB1 release via CRM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the programmed necrotic neuronal death induced by SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, South Korea
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26
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Hamard L, Ratel D, Selek L, Berger F, van der Sanden B, Wion D. The brain tissue response to surgical injury and its possible contribution to glioma recurrence. J Neurooncol 2016; 128:1-8. [PMID: 26961772 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is the first line therapy for glioma. However, glioma recurs in 90 % of the patients in the resection margin. The impact of surgical brain injury (SBI) on glioma recurrence is largely overlooked. Herein, we review some of the mechanisms involved in tissue repair that may impact glioma recurrence at the resection margin. Many processes or molecules involved in tissue repair after brain injury are also critical for glioma growth. They include a wide array of secreted growth factors, cytokines and transcription factors including NFКB and STAT3 which in turn activate proliferative and anti-apoptotic genes and processes such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Because some residual glioma cells always remain in the tumor resection margin, there are now compelling arguments to suggest that some aspects of the brain tissue response to SBI can also participate to glioma recurrence at the resection margin. Brain tissue response to SBI recruits angiogenesis and inflammation that precede and then follow tumor recurrence at the resection margin. The healing response to SBI is double edged, as inflammation is involved in regeneration and healing, and has both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions. A promising therapeutic approach is to normalize and re-educate the molecular and cellular responses at the resection margin to promote anti-tumorigenic processes involved in healing while inhibiting pro-tumorigenic activities. Manipulation of the inflammatory response to SBI to prevent local recurrence could also enhance the efficacy of other therapies such as immunotherapy. However, our current knowledge is far from sufficient to achieve this goal. Acknowledging, understanding and manipulating the double-edged role played by SBI in glioma recurrence is surely challenging, but it cannot be longer delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Hamard
- INSERM UA 01, Clinatec, Centre de recherche biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, CEA 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble cedex, France
| | | | - Laurent Selek
- INSERM UA 01, Clinatec, Centre de recherche biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, CEA 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble cedex, France.,Clinique de neurochirurgie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,INSERM UMR 1205, bâtiment modulaire 40-23, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - François Berger
- INSERM UA 01, Clinatec, Centre de recherche biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, CEA 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble cedex, France.,CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Joseph Fourier, B.P. 217, 38043, Grenoble cedex 09, France.,INSERM UMR 1205, bâtiment modulaire 40-23, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, 38043, Grenoble cedex 09, France
| | - Boudewijn van der Sanden
- INSERM UA 01, Clinatec, Centre de recherche biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, CEA 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble cedex, France.,INSERM UMR 1205, bâtiment modulaire 40-23, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Wion
- INSERM UA 01, Clinatec, Centre de recherche biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, CEA 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble cedex, France. .,INSERM UMR 1205, bâtiment modulaire 40-23, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France.
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27
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Gdynia G, Sauer SW, Kopitz J, Fuchs D, Duglova K, Ruppert T, Miller M, Pahl J, Cerwenka A, Enders M, Mairbäurl H, Kamiński MM, Penzel R, Zhang C, Fuller JC, Wade RC, Benner A, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Zentgraf H, Schirmacher P, Roth W. The HMGB1 protein induces a metabolic type of tumour cell death by blocking aerobic respiration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10764. [PMID: 26948869 PMCID: PMC4786644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has a central role in immunological antitumour defense. Here we show that natural killer cell-derived HMGB1 directly eliminates cancer cells by triggering metabolic cell death. HMGB1 allosterically inhibits the tetrameric pyruvate kinase isoform M2, thus blocking glucose-driven aerobic respiration. This results in a rapid metabolic shift forcing cells to rely solely on glycolysis for the maintenance of energy production. Cancer cells can acquire resistance to HMGB1 by increasing glycolysis using the dimeric form of PKM2, and employing glutaminolysis. Consistently, we observe an increase in the expression of a key enzyme of glutaminolysis, malic enzyme 1, in advanced colon cancer. Moreover, pharmaceutical inhibition of glutaminolysis sensitizes tumour cells to HMGB1 providing a basis for a therapeutic strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven W. Sauer
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Duglova
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Ruppert
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Miller
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Research Group Enders, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin M. Kamiński
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Immunogenetics, Tumour Immunology Program, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan C. Fuller
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Department of Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C. Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Department of Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Biostatistics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanswalter Zentgraf
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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28
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Dong WW, Liu YJ, Lv Z, Mao YF, Wang YW, Zhu XY, Jiang L. Lung endothelial barrier protection by resveratrol involves inhibition of HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:404-416. [PMID: 25979658 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contributes to lung vascular hyperpermeability during ventilator-induced lung injury. We aimed to determine whether the natural antioxidant resveratrol protected against HMGB1-induced endothelial hyperpermeability both in vitro and in vivo. We found that HMGB1 decreased vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin expression and increased endothelial permeability, leading to mitochondrial oxidative damage in primary cultured mouse lung vascular endothelial cells (MLVECs). Both the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 mimetic MnTBAP and resveratrol blocked HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, VE-cadherin downregulation, and endothelial hyperpermeability. In in vivo studies, anesthetized male ICR mice were ventilated for 4h using low tidal volume (6 ml/kg) or high tidal volume (HVT; 30 ml/kg) ventilation. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol immediately before the onset of ventilation. We found that resveratrol attenuated HVT-associated lung vascular hyperpermeability and HMGB1 production. HVT caused a significant increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and Nrf2 target gene expression in lung tissues, which was further enhanced by resveratrol treatment. HMGB1 had no effect on Nrf2 activation, whereas resveratrol treatment activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway in HMGB1-treated MLVECs. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and endothelial hyperpermeability. The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on cyclic stretch-induced HMGB1 mRNA expression in primary cultured MLVECs was also abolished by Nrf2 knockdown. In summary, this study demonstrates that resveratrol protects against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction initiated by HVT. Lung endothelial barrier protection by resveratrol involves inhibition of mechanical stretch-induced HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage. These protective effects of resveratrol might be mediated through an Nrf2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China; School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
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29
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Zhou RR, Kuang XY, Huang Y, Li N, Zou MX, Tang DL, Fan XG. Potential role of High mobility group box 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:493-8. [PMID: 25482616 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.969139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is characterized as a typical inflammation-related carcinoma. High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone DNA-binding protein, is identified as a potent proinflammatory mediator when presents extracellularly. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicates that HMGB1 plays a potential role in HCC, but many questions remain unanswered about the relationship between HMGB1 and HCC formation and development. This review focuses on the biological effect of HMGB1, and discusses the association of HMGB1 with HCC and potential use of strategies targeting HMGB1 in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhou
- a Department of infectious diseases and Key laboratory of liver hepatitis in Hunan ; Xiangya Hospital ; Central South University ; Changsha , PR China
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30
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Wang Y, Li Y, Xue H, Pritchard HW, Wang X. Reactive oxygen species-provoked mitochondria-dependent cell death during ageing of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:438-52. [PMID: 25439659 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) induces programmed cell death in elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds, which undergo certain fundamental processes that are comparable to apoptosis in animals. In this study, the essential characteristics of mitochondrial physiology in elm seeds during CDT were identified by cellular ultrastructural analysis, whole-body optical imaging, Western blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The alteration in mitochondrial morphology was an early event during CDT, as indicated by progressive dynamic mitochondrial changes and rupture of the mitochondrial outer membrane; loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ(m)) ensued, and mitochondrial ATP levels decreased. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporine A effectively suppressed these changes during ageing. The in situ localization of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and evaluation of the expression of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel and cyclophilin D indicated that the levels of mitochondrial permeability transition pore components were positively correlated with ROS production, leading to an imbalance of the cellular redox potential and ultimately to programmed cell death. Pre-incubation with ascorbic acid slowed loss of mitochondrial Δψ(m), and decreased the effect of CDT on seed viability. However, there were no significant changes in multiple antioxidant elements or chaperones in the mitochondria during early stages of ageing. Our results indicate that CDT induces dynamic changes in mitochondrial physiology via increased ROS production, ultimately resulting in an irreversible loss of seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, China
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31
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Zhang CC, Gdynia G, Ehemann V, Roth W. The HMGB1 protein sensitizes colon carcinoma cells to cell death triggered by pro-apoptotic agents. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:667-76. [PMID: 25434832 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMGB1 protein has multiple functions in tumor biology and can act both as a transcription factor and as a cytokine. HMGB1 is released during cell death, and in our previous studies we demonstrated that HMGB1 induces a distinct, necrosis-like cell death in glioblastoma. In epithelial malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC), the HMGB1-dependent effects show cross-talk with apoptotic signal transduction. Treatment of CRC cells with low concentrations of recombinant HMGB1 results in dose-dependent cytotoxicity which is morphologically characterized by the formation of giant mitochondria and does not share features of apoptosis. HMGB1-triggered cell death is associated with intracellular ROS release, and overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks both the increase of ROS as well as HMGB1-dependent cell death. Importantly, treatment with recombinant HMGB1 or overexpression of endogenous HMGB1 strongly sensitizes CRC cells to the cytotoxic activity of the pro-apoptotic death ligand TRAIL as well as the small molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT‑737. Moreover, treatment of CRC cells with TRAIL or ABT‑737 induces a release of endogenous HMGB1 into the extracellular space, and preincubation with glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, significantly inhibits induction of cell death by TRAIL and ABT‑737, suggesting that HMGB1 functionally contributes to the execution of cell death triggered by pro-apoptotic agents. Finally, we investigated the expression of HMGB1 in human CRC tumor samples and found that loss of HMGB1 expression is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and a more advanced stage of disease in patients with CRC. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a functional link between cytotoxic signaling cascades triggered by HMGB1 and pro-apoptotic agents leading to an HMGB1-dependent sensitization to CRC cell death. Thus, a further evaluation of recombinant HMGB1 as part of an experimental combination treatment of CRC seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Christine Zhang
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Ehemann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Tang D, Kang R, Van Houten B, Zeh HJ, Billiar TR, Lotze MT. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) phenotypic role revealed with stress. Mol Med 2014; 20:359-62. [PMID: 24937773 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily ancient protein that is present in one form or another in all eukaryotes. It fundamentally resides in the nucleus but translocates to the cytosol with stress and is subsequently released into the extracellular space. HMGB1 global knockout mice exhibit lethal hypoglycemia, whereas tissues and cells from conditional knockout or knock-in mice are born alive without apparent significant functional deficit. An aberrant response to targeted stress in the liver, pancreas, heart or myeloid cells is consistent with a protective role for HMGB1 in sustaining nuclear homeostasis and enabling other stress responses, including autophagy. Under some conditions, HMGB1 is not required for liver and heart function. Many challenges remain with respect to understanding the multiple roles of HMGB1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America Department of Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Complementary induction of immunogenic cell death by oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. J Virol 2014; 88:5263-76. [PMID: 24574398 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03688-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Novel therapies employing oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising anticancer modalities. The cure of particularly aggressive malignancies requires induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), coupling oncolysis with immune responses via calreticulin, ATP, and high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) release from dying tumor cells. The present study shows that in human pancreatic cancer cells (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC] cells n=4), oncolytic parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) activated multiple interconnected death pathways but failed to induce calreticulin exposure or ATP release. In contrast, H-1PV elevated extracellular HMGB1 levels by 4.0±0.5 times (58%±9% of total content; up to 100 ng/ml) in all infected cultures, whether nondying, necrotic, or apoptotic. An alternative secretory route allowed H-1PV to overcome the failure of gemcitabine to trigger HMGB1 release, without impeding cytotoxicity or other ICD activities of the standard PDAC medication. Such broad resistance of H-1PV-induced HMGB1 release to apoptotic blockage coincided with but was uncoupled from an autocrine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) loop. That and the pattern of viral determinants maintained in gemcitabine-treated cells suggested the activation of an inflammasome/caspase 1 (CASP1) platform alongside DNA detachment and/or nuclear exclusion of HMGB1 during early stages of the viral life cycle. We concluded that H-1PV infection of PDAC cells is signaled through secretion of the alarmin HMGB1 and, besides its own oncolytic effect, might convert drug-induced apoptosis into an ICD process. A transient arrest of cells in the cyclin A1-rich S phase would suffice to support compatibility of proliferation-dependent H-1PV with cytotoxic regimens. These properties warrant incorporation of the oncolytic virus H-1PV, which is not pathogenic in humans, into multimodal anticancer treatments. IMPORTANCE The current therapeutic concepts targeting aggressive malignancies require an induction of immunogenic cell death characterized by exposure of calreticulin (CRT) as well as release of ATP and HMGB1 from dying cells. In pancreatic tumor cells (PDAC cells) infected with the oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV, only HMGB1 was released by all infected cells, whether nondying, necrotic, or succumbing to one of the programmed death pathways, including contraproductive apoptosis. Our data suggest that active secretion of HMGB1 from PDAC cells is a sentinel reaction emerging during early stages of the viral life cycle, irrespective of cell death, that is compatible with and complements cytotoxic regimens. Consistent induction of HMGB1 secretion raised the possibility that this reaction might be a general "alarming" phenomenon characteristic of H-1PV's interaction with the host cell; release of IL-1β points to the possible involvement of a danger-sensing inflammasome platform. Both provide a basis for further virus-oriented studies.
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miR-218 opposes a critical RTK-HIF pathway in mesenchymal glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:291-6. [PMID: 24368849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314341111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the mesenchymal GBM subtype in particular are highly malignant tumors that frequently exhibit regions of severe hypoxia and necrosis. Because these features correlate with poor prognosis, we investigated microRNAs whose expression might regulate hypoxic GBM cell survival and growth. We determined that the expression of microRNA-218 (miR-218) is decreased significantly in highly necrotic mesenchymal GBM, and orthotopic tumor studies revealed that reduced miR-218 levels confer GBM resistance to chemotherapy. Importantly, miR-218 targets multiple components of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways, and miR-218 repression increases the abundance and activity of multiple RTK effectors. This elevated RTK signaling also promotes the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), most notably HIF2α. We further show that RTK-mediated HIF2α regulation is JNK dependent, via jun proto-oncogene. Collectively, our results identify an miR-218-RTK-HIF2α signaling axis that promotes GBM cell survival and tumor angiogenesis, particularly in necrotic mesenchymal tumors.
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Li L, Ishdorj G, Gibson SB. Reactive oxygen species regulation of autophagy in cancer: implications for cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1399-410. [PMID: 22820461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes, but deregulated ROS contribute to the development of various human diseases including cancers. Autophagy is one of the first lines of defense against oxidative stress damage. The autophagy pathway can be induced and upregulated in response to intracellular ROS or extracellular oxidative stress. This leads to selective lysosomal self-digestion of intracellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis. Hence, autophagy is the survival pathway, conferring stress adaptation and promoting viability under oxidative stress. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that autophagy can also lead to cell death under oxidative stress conditions. In addition, altered autophagic signaling pathways that lead to decreased autophagy are frequently found in many human cancers. This review discusses the advances in understanding of the mechanisms of ROS-induced autophagy and how this process relates to tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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37
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Metzig M, Gdynia G, Roth W. [Mechanisms of cell death. Novel insights and implications for tumor pathology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2012; 33 Suppl 2:241-5. [PMID: 23011024 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During tumorigenesis cancer cells acquire certain features allowing for sustained growth and circumvention of programmed cell death. For decades cancer research has been focused on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and how to overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor cells. Meanwhile, novel types of programmed cell death have turned out to be important for both physiological and pathological processes. Recent findings imply that induction of alternative forms of programmed cell death, such as necroptosis, might be used as a therapeutic approach to overcome therapy resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Metzig
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Molekulare Tumorpathologie Pathologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg und Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
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Li M, Song L, Gao X, Chang W, Qin X. Toll-like receptor 4 on islet β cells senses expression changes in high-mobility group box 1 and contributes to the initiation of type 1 diabetes. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:260-7. [PMID: 22217446 PMCID: PMC3349908 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.4.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by the autoimmune destruction of β cells within the islets. In recent years, innate immunity has been proposed to play a key role in this process. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory trigger in a number of autoimmune diseases, activates proinflammatory responses following its release from necrotic cells. Our aim was to determine the significance of HMGB1 in the natural history of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We observed that the rate of HMGB1 expression in the cytoplasm of islets was much greater in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. The majority of cells positively stained for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were β cells; few α cells were stained for TLR4. Thus, we examined the effects of anti-TLR4 antibodies on HMGB1 cell surface binding, which confirmed that HMGB1 interacts with TLR4 in isolated islets. Expression changes in HMGB1 and TLR4 were detected throughout the course of diabetes. Our findings indicate that TLR4 is the main receptor on β cells and that HMGB1 may signal via TLR4 to selectively damage β cells rather than α cells during the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Sheftel AD, Wilbrecht C, Stehling O, Niggemeyer B, Elsässer HP, Mühlenhoff U, Lill R. The human mitochondrial ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57 proteins are required for [4Fe-4S] protein maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1157-66. [PMID: 22323289 PMCID: PMC3315811 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial proteins ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57 are essential for the generation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins in a late step of Fe/S protein biogenesis. This process is important for mitochondrial physiology, as documented by drastic enlargement of the organelles and the loss of cristae membranes in the absence of these proteins. Members of the bacterial and mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery include the so-called A-type ISC proteins, which support the assembly of a subset of Fe/S apoproteins. The human genome encodes two A-type proteins, termed ISCA1 and ISCA2, which are related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isa1 and Isa2, respectively. An additional protein, Iba57, physically interacts with Isa1 and Isa2 in yeast. To test the cellular role of human ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57, HeLa cells were depleted for any of these proteins by RNA interference technology. Depleted cells contained massively swollen and enlarged mitochondria that were virtually devoid of cristae membranes, demonstrating the importance of these proteins for mitochondrial biogenesis. The activities of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins, including aconitase, respiratory complex I, and lipoic acid synthase, were diminished following depletion of the three proteins. In contrast, the mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] enzyme ferrochelatase and cellular heme content were unaffected. We further provide evidence against a localization and direct Fe/S protein maturation function of ISCA1 and ISCA2 in the cytosol. Taken together, our data suggest that ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57 are specifically involved in the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins functioning late in the ISC assembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Sheftel
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is an inverse relationship between cancer incidence and cardiorespiratory fitness in large population studies. Mechanistic insights into these observations may strengthen the rationale for encouraging exercise fitness in the clinics for cancer prevention and may promote the development of new preventive strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Studying the multifaceted activities of p53, a critical tumor suppressor gene, has revealed various cellular pathways necessary for adapting to environmental stresses. Genetic connections are being made between p53 and an increasing number of metabolic activities such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. In-vivo mouse models show that p53 plays an important role in determining both basal aerobic exercise capacity and its improvement by training. SUMMARY The genetic pathways by which p53 regulates metabolism and exercise may help explain significant epidemiologic observations connecting cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer. Further understanding of these molecular pathways through human translational studies may promote the development of new cancer preventive strategies.
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Song B, Song WG, Li ZJ, Xu ZF, Wang XW, Wang CX, Liu J. Effect of HMGB1 silencing on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 30:11-7. [PMID: 21953494 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein with intranuclear and extracellular functions. Although HMGB1 is overexpressed in approximately 85% of gastric cancers, the role of HMGB1 in gastric cancer biology remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of downregulation of HMGB1 on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. MGC-803 gastric cancer cells were transduced with HMGB1-specific RNAi lentiviral vectors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of HMGB1 mRNA and protein, respectively, validated the silencing effects. HMGB1-specific silencing significantly decreased cell proliferation. The impact on proliferation was observed at the cell cycle level--the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase increased, whereas that in S and G2/M phases decreased. Cell cycle changes were accompanied by decreases in cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, HMGB1 silencing sensitized cells to apoptosis that was induced by oxaliplatin and mediated by the caspase-3 pathway. Finally, silencing of HMGB1 expression significantly reduced cellular metastatic ability and MMP-9 expression in MGC-803 cells. In summary, HMGB1 not only plays an essential role in the proliferation and invasion of MGC-803 cells but also represents a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Song
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu Z, Falo LD, You Z. Knockdown of HMGB1 in tumor cells attenuates their ability to induce regulatory T cells and uncovers naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:118-25. [PMID: 21642542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in tumor cells is involved in many aspects of tumor progression, its role in tumor immune suppression remains elusive. Host cell-derived IL-10 suppressed a naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor response. The suppressive activity of tumor-associated Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) was IL-10 dependent. Neutralizing HMGB1 impaired tumor cell-promoted IL-10 production by Treg. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 (HMGB1 KD) in tumor cells did not affect tumor cell growth but uncovered naturally acquired long-lasting tumor-specific IFN-γ- or TNF-α-producing CD8 T cell responses and attenuated their ability to induce Treg, leading to naturally acquired CD8 T cell- or IFN-γ-dependent tumor rejection. The data suggest that tumor cell-derived HMGB1 may suppress naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor immunity via enhancing Treg to produce IL-10, which is necessary for Treg-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Stephens NA, Skipworth RJE, Macdonald AJ, Greig CA, Ross JA, Fearon KCH. Intramyocellular lipid droplets increase with progression of cachexia in cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2:111-117. [PMID: 21766057 PMCID: PMC3117997 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intramyocellular lipids are an important source of fuel for mitochondrial fat oxidation and play an important role in intramuscular lipid homeostasis. We hypothesised that due to the phenotype associated with cancer cachexia, there would exist an association between increasing weight loss and the number/size of intramyocellular lipid droplets. METHODS: Nineteen cancer patients and 6 controls undergoing surgery were recruited. A rectus abdominis biopsy was performed and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of intramyocellular lipid droplets and lipid droplet diameter were calculated from the TEM images. CT scans, performed as part of patients' routine care, were analysed to determine amount of adipose (intermuscular, visceral and subcutaneous) and muscle tissue. RESULTS: Compared with controls, cancer patients had increased numbers of lipid droplets (mean (SD) 1.8 (1.9) vs. 6.4 (9.1) per ×2,650 field, respectively, p = 0.036). Mean (SD) lipid droplet diameter was also higher in cancer patients compared with controls (0.42 (0.13) vs. 0.24 (0.21) μm, p = 0.015). Mean lipid droplet count correlated positively with the severity of weight loss (R = 0.51, p = 0.025) and negatively with CT-derived measures of intermuscular fat (R = -0.53, p = 0.022) and visceral fat (R = -0.51, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the number and size of intramyocellular lipid droplets is increased in the presence of cancer and increases further with weight loss/loss of adipose mass in other body compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Stephens
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA UK
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