1
|
Xiao MY, Pei WJ, Li S, Li FF, Xie P, Luo HT, Hyun Yoo H, Piao XL. Gypenoside L inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the SREBP2-HMGCS1 axis and enhancing immune response. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107539. [PMID: 38861912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver, with a high degree of malignancy and relatively poor prognosis. Gypenoside L has inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of gypenoside L on HCC in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mechanisms. The results showed that gypenoside L reduced the cholesterol and triglyceride content in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells, inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, promoted cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, it targeted the transcription factor SREPB2 to inhibit the expression of HMGCS1 protein and inhibited the downstream proteins HMGCR and MVK, thereby regulating the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Overexpression HMGCS1 led to significant alterations in the cholesterol metabolism pathway of HCC, which mediated HCC cell proliferation and conferred resistance to the therapeutic effect of gypenoside L. In vivo, gypenoside L effectively suppressed HCC growth in tumor-bearing mice by reducing cholesterol production, exhibiting favorable safety profiles and minimal toxic side effects. Gypenoside L modulated cholesterol homeostasis, enhanced expression of inflammatory factors by regulating MHC I pathway-related proteins to augment anticancer immune responses. Clinical samples from HCC patients also exhibited high expression levels of MVA pathway-related genes in tumor tissues. These findings highlight gypenoside L as a promising agent for targeting cholesterol metabolism in HCC while emphasizing the effectiveness of regulating the SREBP2-HMGCS1 axis as a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen-Jing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Si Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao-Tian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdul-Rahman T, Ghosh S, Badar SM, Nazir A, Bamigbade GB, Aji N, Roy P, Kachani H, Garg N, Lawal L, Bliss ZSB, Wireko AA, Atallah O, Adebusoye FT, Teslyk T, Sikora K, Horbas V. The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:124. [PMID: 38360737 PMCID: PMC10868116 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and eradication have long piqued the scientific community's interest. Recent discoveries about the role of chemokines and cytokines in these processes have fueled renewed interest in related research. These roles are frequently viewed as contentious due to their ability to both suppress and promote cancer progression. As a result, this review critically appraised existing literature to discuss the unique roles of cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the existing challenges and future opportunities for exploiting these roles to develop novel and targeted treatments. While these modulatory molecules play an important role in tumor suppression via enhanced cancer-cell identification by cytotoxic effector cells and directly recruiting immunological effector cells and stromal cells in the TME, we observed that they also promote tumor proliferation. Many cytokines, including GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21, have entered clinical trials for people with advanced cancer, while the FDA has approved interferon-alpha and IL-2. Nonetheless, low efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity limit these agents' full potential. Conversely, Chemokines have tremendous potential for increasing cancer immune-cell penetration of the tumor microenvironment and promoting beneficial immunological interactions. When chemokines are combined with cytokines, they activate lymphocytes, producing IL-2, CD80, and IL-12, all of which have a strong anticancer effect. This phenomenon opens the door to the development of effective anticancer combination therapies, such as therapies that can reverse cancer escape, and chemotaxis of immunosuppressive cells like Tregs, MDSCs, and TAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toufik Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Antonova 10, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.
| | - Shankhaneel Ghosh
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sarah M Badar
- The University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
| | | | - Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjiss Aji
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Canada
| | - Poulami Roy
- Department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, India
| | | | - Neil Garg
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, One Medical Center Drive Stratford, Camden, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Lukman Lawal
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Zarah Sophia Blake Bliss
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tetiana Teslyk
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Antonova 10, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Sikora
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Antonova 10, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Horbas
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Antonova 10, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu J, Chen S, Bai X, Liao M, Qiu Y, Zheng LL, Yu H. Targeting cholesterol metabolism in Cancer: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115907. [PMID: 37931664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and helps to maintain their structure and function. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism has been linked to the development and progression of tumors. Changes in cholesterol metabolism triggered by internal or external stimuli can promote tumor growth. During metastasis, tumor cells require large amounts of cholesterol to support their growth and colonization of new organs. Recent research has shown that cholesterol metabolism is reprogrammed during tumor development, and this can also affect the anti-tumor activity of immune cells in the surrounding environment. However, identifying the specific targets in cholesterol metabolism that regulate cancer progression and the tumor microenvironment is still a challenge. Additionally, exploring the potential of combining statin drugs with other therapies for different types of cancer could be a worthwhile avenue for future drug development. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol and its derivatives in cell metabolism and the tumor microenvironment, and discuss specific targets and relevant therapeutic agents that inhibit aspects of cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xuejiao Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schelz Z, Muddather HF, Zupkó I. Repositioning of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors as Adjuvants in the Modulation of Efflux Pump-Mediated Bacterial and Tumor Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1468. [PMID: 37760764 PMCID: PMC10525194 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pump (EP)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) seems ubiquitous in bacterial infections and neoplastic diseases. The diversity and lack of specificity of these efflux mechanisms raise a great obstacle in developing drugs that modulate efflux pumps. Since developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs requires large investments, drug repurposing offers a new approach that can provide alternatives as adjuvants in treating resistant microbial infections and progressive cancerous diseases. Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are promising agents in this respect. Originally, statins were used in the therapy of dyslipidemia and for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases; however, extensive research has recently been performed to elucidate the functions of statins in bacterial infections and cancers. The mevalonate pathway is essential in the posttranslational modification of proteins related to vital eukaryotic cell functions. In this article, a comparative review is given about the possible role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in managing diseases of bacterial and neoplastic origin. Molecular research and clinical studies have proven the justification of statins in this field. Further well-designed clinical trials are urged to clarify the significance of the contribution of statins to the lower risk of disease progression in bacterial infections and cancerous diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.S.); (H.F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang W, Pan X, Xu Y, Guo H, Zheng M, Chen X, Wu H, Luan F, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Mevalonate improves anti-PD-1/PD-L1 efficacy by stabilizing CD274 mRNA. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2585-2600. [PMID: 37425040 PMCID: PMC10326297 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate metabolism plays an important role in regulating tumor growth and progression; however, its role in immune evasion and immune checkpoint modulation remains unclear. Here, we found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with higher plasma mevalonate response better to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, as indicated by prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. Plasma mevalonate levels were positively correlated with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues. In NSCLC cell lines and patient-derived cells, supplementation of mevalonate significantly up-regulated the expression of PD-L1, whereas deprivation of mevalonate reduced PD-L1 expression. Mevalonate increased CD274 mRNA level but did not affect CD274 transcription. Further, we confirmed that mevalonate improved CD274 mRNA stability. Mevalonate promoted the affinity of the AU-rich element-binding protein HuR to the 3'-UTR regions of CD274 mRNA and thereby stabilized CD274 mRNA. By in vivo study, we further confirmed that mevalonate addition enhanced the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-L1, increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and improved cytotoxic function of T cells. Collectively, our findings discovered plasma mevalonate levels positively correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 antibody, and provided the evidence that mevalonate supplementation could be an immunosensitizer in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengming Luan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao K, Li X, Lei B, Han Y, An T, Zhang W, Zhang H, Li B, Yuan W. Recombinant porcine Interferon-α and Interleukin-2 fusion protein (rPoIFNα+IL-2) shows potent anti-pseudorabies virus activity in vitro and in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2023; 279:109678. [PMID: 36758273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants have been widely prevalent since 2011, leading to substantial losses to the swine industry. Although PRV can cause cross-species transmission and induce human infection, no drugs can currently prevent PRV infection. Interferons (IFNs) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are important cytokines that mediate several biological functions including antiviral activity and immune regulation. In this study, we expressed and purified a recombinant porcine IFN-α and IL-2 fusion protein (rPoIFNα+IL-2), which did not show a cytotoxic effect on PK-15 cells. The antiviral activity was evaluated in PK-15 cells using the cytopathic effect inhibition method, and the results indicated that rPoIFNα+IL-2 can inhibit the replication of PRV, with an antiviral activity of approximately 104 U/mL. Moreover, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was enhanced by rPoIFNα+IL-2. Additionally, rPoIFNα+IL-2 substantially increased the expression of IFN-stimulated genes, including IFIT1, ISG15, MX1, and OAS, which are critical for antiviral activity. Furthermore, rPoIFNα+IL-2 alleviated the clinical symptoms and reduced mortality in mice infected with PRV. Simultaneously, rPoIFNα+IL-2 increased the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 and inhibited the expression of IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, the viral DNA copies in different tissues in the rPoIFNα+IL-2-treated group were lower than those in the untreated group. These findings indicate that rPoIFNα+IL-2 may serve as an antiviral agent for the prevention and treatment of PRV infection and may expand the potential function of IFN antiviral drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Chengde City Veterinary Drug Management Station, Chengde, China
| | - Bosen Li
- Chengde City Veterinary Drug Management Station, Chengde, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou P. Emerging mechanisms and applications of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
The mevalonate pathway in breast cancer biology. Cancer Lett 2022; 542:215761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Taruselli MT, Kolawole EM, Qayum AA, Haque TT, Caslin HL, Abebayehu D, Kee SA, Dailey JM, Jackson KG, Burchett JR, Spence AJ, Pondicherry N, Barnstein BO, Gomez G, Straus DB, Ryan JJ. Fluvastatin enhances IL-33-mediated mast cell IL-6 and TNF production. Cell Immunol 2022; 371:104457. [PMID: 34883342 PMCID: PMC8782378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prescribed for lowering cholesterol. They can also inhibit inflammatory responses by suppressing isoprenylation of small G proteins. Consistent with this, we previously found that fluvastatin suppresses IgE-mediated mast cell function. However, some studies have found that statins induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and NK cells. In contrast to IgE signaling, we show that fluvastatin augments IL-33-induced TNF and IL-6 production by mast cells. This effect required the key mast cell growth factor, stem cell factor (SCF). Treatment of IL-33-activated mast cells with mevalonic acid or isoprenoids reduced fluvastatin effects, suggesting fluvastatin acts at least partly by reducing isoprenoid production. Fluvastatin also enhanced IL-33-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and promoted neutrophilic peritonitis in vivo, a response requiring mast cell activation. Other statins tested did not enhance IL-33 responsiveness. Therefore, this work supports observations of unexpected pro-inflammatory effects of some statins and suggests mechanisms by which this may occur. Because statins are candidates for repurposing in inflammatory disorders, our work emphasizes the importance of understanding the pleiotropic and possible unexpected effects of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | | | - Amina Abdul Qayum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Sydney A Kee
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Jordan M Dailey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Kaitlyn G Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Jason R Burchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Neha Pondicherry
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Gregorio Gomez
- University of Houston College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - David B Straus
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
King RJ, Singh PK, Mehla K. The cholesterol pathway: impact on immunity and cancer. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:78-92. [PMID: 34942082 PMCID: PMC8812650 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a multifaceted metabolite that is known to modulate processes in cancer, atherosclerosis, and autoimmunity. A common denominator between these diseases appears to be the immune system, in which many cholesterol-associated metabolites impact both adaptive and innate immunity. Many cancers display altered cholesterol metabolism, and recent studies demonstrate that manipulating systemic cholesterol metabolism may be useful in improving immunotherapy responses. However, cholesterol can have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in mammals, acting via multiple immune cell types, and depending on context. Gaining mechanistic insights into various cholesterol-related metabolites can improve our understanding of their functions and extensive effects on the immune system, and ideally will inform the design of future therapeutic strategies against cancer and/or other pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. King
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198,Correspondence: Pankaj K. Singh, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987696 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, , Phone: 402.559.2726, FAX: 402-559-2813 and Kamiya Mehla, Ph.D., Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987696 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, , Phone: 402.836.9117, FAX: 402-559-2813
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. 68198,Correspondence: Pankaj K. Singh, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987696 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, , Phone: 402.559.2726, FAX: 402-559-2813 and Kamiya Mehla, Ph.D., Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987696 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, , Phone: 402.836.9117, FAX: 402-559-2813
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ishikawa T, Osaki T, Sugiura A, Tashiro J, Warita T, Hosaka YZ, Warita K. Atorvastatin preferentially inhibits the growth of high ZEB-expressing canine cancer cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:313-323. [PMID: 34657361 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental in cancer progression and contributes to the acquisition of malignant properties. The statin class of cholesterol-lowering drugs exhibits pleiotropic anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, and many epidemiologic studies have reported a correlation between statin use and reduced cancer mortality. We have shown previously that sensitivity to the anti-proliferative effect of statins varies among human cancer cells and statins are more effective against mesenchymal-like cells than epithelial-like ones in human cancers. There have only been few reports on the application of statins to cancer therapy in veterinary medicine, and differences in statin sensitivity among canine cancer cells have not been examined. In this study, we aimed to clarify the correlation between sensitivity to atorvastatin and epithelial/mesenchymal states in 11 canine cancer cell lines derived from mammary gland, squamous cell carcinoma, lung, and melanoma. Sensitivity to atorvastatin varied among canine cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 5.92 to 71.5 μM at 48 h, which were higher than the plasma concentrations clinically achieved with statin therapy. Atorvastatin preferentially attenuated the proliferation of mesenchymal-like cells. In particular, highly statin-sensitive cells were characterized by aberrant expression of the ZEB family of EMT-inducing transcription factors. However, ZEB2 silencing in highly sensitive cells did not induce resistance to atorvastatin. Taken together, these results suggest that high expression of ZEB is a characteristic of highly statin-sensitive cells and could be a molecular marker for predicting whether cancers are sensitive to statins, though ZEB itself does not confer statin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jiro Tashiro
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoko Warita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu Y, Su M, Liu L, Tang Y, Pan Y, Sun J. Clinical Application of Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2269-2287. [PMID: 34079226 PMCID: PMC8166316 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s308578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are key components of the immune system and play pivotal roles in anticancer immune response. Cytokines as either therapeutic agents or targets hold clinical promise for cancer precise treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the various roles of cytokines in the cancer immunity cycle, with a particular focus on the clinical researches of cytokine-based drugs in cancer therapy. We review 27 cytokines in 2630 cancer clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov that had completed recruitment up to January 2021 while summarizing important cases for each cytokine. We also discuss recent progress in methods for improving the delivery efficiency, stability, biocompatibility, and availability of cytokines in therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Su
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gomez Marti JL, Wells A, Brufsky AM. Dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway during SARS-CoV-2 infection: An in silico study. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2396-2405. [PMID: 33331649 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 triggers a dysregulated innate immune system activation. As the mevalonate pathway (MVP) prevents the activation of inflammasomes and cytokine release and regulates endosomal transport, compromised signaling could be associated with the pathobiology of COVID-19. Prior transcriptomic studies of host cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection have not reported to date the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the MVP. In this study, we accessed public data sets to report in silico investigations into gene expression. In addition, we proposed candidate genes that are thought to have a direct association with the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and which may be dependent on signals derived from the MVP. Our results revealed dysregulation of genes involved in the MVP. These results were not found when investigating the gene expression data from host cells infected with H3N2 influenza virus, H1N1 influenza virus, or respiratory syncytial virus. Our manually curated gene set showed significant gene expression variability in A549 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, as per Blanco-Melo et al. data set (GSE147507). In light of the present findings, SARS-CoV-2 could hijack the MVP, leading to hyperinflammatory responses. Prompt reconstitution of this pathway with available agents should be considered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Gomez Marti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bleve A, Durante B, Sica A, Consonni FM. Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells at the Crossroad. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165845. [PMID: 32823961 PMCID: PMC7461616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression generates a chronic inflammatory state that dramatically influences hematopoiesis, originating different subsets of immune cells that can exert pro- or anti-tumor roles. Commitment towards one of these opposing phenotypes is driven by inflammatory and metabolic stimuli derived from the tumor-microenvironment (TME). Current immunotherapy protocols are based on the reprogramming of both specific and innate immune responses, in order to boost the intrinsic anti-tumoral activity of both compartments. Growing pre-clinical and clinical evidence highlights the key role of metabolism as a major influence on both immune and clinical responses of cancer patients. Indeed, nutrient competition (i.e., amino acids, glucose, fatty acids) between proliferating cancer cells and immune cells, together with inflammatory mediators, drastically affect the functionality of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as their functional cross-talk. This review discusses new advances on the complex interplay between cancer-related inflammation, myeloid cell differentiation and lipid metabolism, highlighting the therapeutic potential of metabolic interventions as modulators of anticancer immune responses and catalysts of anticancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani, 2-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.B.); (B.D.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Barbara Durante
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani, 2-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.B.); (B.D.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani, 2-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.B.); (B.D.); (F.M.C.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS–, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-321-375881; Fax: +39-(0)-321-375821
| | - Francesca Maria Consonni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani, 2-28100 Novara, Italy; (A.B.); (B.D.); (F.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ouyang Y, Zhong X, Liao H, Zhu P, Luo K, Zhu H. A New Method for Screening Natural Products to Stimulate IFN-γ Production in Jurkat Human T Lymphocytes. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:130-139. [PMID: 32441185 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220922475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a critical cytokine in the defense against viral and bacterial infection. It is mainly produced by natural killer cells and activated T cells. Given its regulatory role in coordinating cellular and humoral immune responses, IFN-γ is considered to be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of viral infection. Here we established a fluorescence-based high-content screening model to find small molecules that can stimulate the production of IFN-γ in human Jurkat cells. After a primary screening of 267 natural products, two hits, Astragalus polyphenols and 6-shogaol, were identified to promote the activity of the IFN-γ promoter and subsequently validated by the flow cytometry assay. Obviously, both Astragalus polyphenols and 6-shogaol exhibited potential to induce the transcription and expression of IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that our high-content screening model could be a credible and useful platform to contribute to the discovery of novel molecules to promote the expression of IFN-γ and provide leading compounds for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ouyang
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Pediatrics Medicine, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hongqun Liao
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics Medicine, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Luo
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Pediatrics Medicine, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Pediatrics Medicine, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rosuvastatin Enhances VSV-G Lentiviral Transduction of NK Cells via Upregulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:634-646. [PMID: 32300610 PMCID: PMC7150439 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy is attaining promising clinical outcomes in recent years, but improvements are needed. Genetic modification of NK cells with a tumor antigen-specific receptor on their surface coupled to intracellular signaling domains may lead to enhanced cytotoxicity against malignant cells. One of the most common approaches is by lentivirus-mediated transduction. However, NK cells are difficult to transduce and various methods have been attempted with different success rates. Because the low-density lipoprotein-receptor (LDLR) is the receptor of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and is expressed only at low levels on NK cells, we tested the potential of 5 statins and 5 non-statin compounds to increase the LDLR expression, thereby facilitating viral transduction. We found that the transduction efficiency of VSV-G pseudotyped lentivirus is augmented by statins that induced higher LDLR expression. In both NK-92 cells and primary NK cells, the transduction efficiency increased after treatment with statins. Furthermore, statins have been reported to suppress NK cell cytotoxicity; however, we showed that this can be completely reversed by adding geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP). Among the statins tested, we found that the combination of rosuvastatin with GGPP most potently improved viral transduction without affecting the cytotoxic properties of the NK cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nussbaumer O, Thurnher M. Functional Phenotypes of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells in Lymphoid Stress Surveillance. Cells 2020; 9:E772. [PMID: 32235722 PMCID: PMC7140623 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like proteins select γδ T cells and direct the migration of γδ T cell subsets to distinct anatomical sites. γδ T cells expressing Vδ2 paired with Vγ9 (Vγ9Vδ2 T cells) are the predominant γδ T cell type in human peripheral blood. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which cannot be studied easily in vivo because they do not exist in rodents, are often referred to as innate-like T cells. The genetically recombined γδ T cell receptor (TCR) that responds to isoprenoid-derived pyrophosphates (phosphoantigens) produced by infected and malignant cells in a butyrophilin-dependent manner qualifies them as therapeutically relevant components of the adaptive immune system. On the other hand, cell-surface proteins such as the C-type lectin CD161 mark a functional phenotype of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that mediates TCR-independent innate-like responses. Moreover, CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) and the G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 define Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with increased cytolytic potential and, like CD161, may also be expressed by dendritic cells, principally facilitating the generation of an innate-like immunological synapse. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functional phenotypes that are critical to lymphoid stress surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nussbaumer
- GammaDelta Therapeutics Ltd., The Westworks, 195 Wood Lane, London W12 7FQ, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harnessing cancer immunotherapy during the unexploited immediate perioperative period. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:313-326. [PMID: 32066936 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immediate perioperative period (days before and after surgery) is hypothesized to be crucial in determining long-term cancer outcomes: during this short period, numerous factors, including excess stress and inflammatory responses, tumour-cell shedding and pro-angiogenic and/or growth factors, might facilitate the progression of pre-existing micrometastases and the initiation of new metastases, while simultaneously jeopardizing immune control over residual malignant cells. Thus, application of anticancer immunotherapy during this critical time frame could potentially improve patient outcomes. Nevertheless, this strategy has rarely been implemented to date. In this Perspective, we discuss apparent contraindications for the perioperative use of cancer immunotherapy, suggest safe immunotherapeutic and other anti-metastatic approaches during this important time frame and specify desired characteristics of such interventions. These characteristics include a rapid onset of immune activation, avoidance of tumour-promoting effects, no or minimal increase in surgical risk, resilience to stress-related factors and minimal induction of stress responses. Pharmacological control of excess perioperative stress-inflammatory responses has been shown to be clinically feasible and could potentially be combined with immune stimulation to overcome the direct pro-metastatic effects of surgery, prevent immune suppression and enhance immunostimulatory responses. Accordingly, we believe that certain types of immunotherapy, together with interventions to abrogate stress-inflammatory responses, should be evaluated in conjunction with surgery and, for maximal effectiveness, could be initiated before administration of adjuvant therapies. Such strategies might improve the overall success of cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Refai SM, Brown JD, Arnold SM, Black EP, Leggas M, Talbert JC. Epidemiologic Analysis Along the Mevalonate Pathway Reveals Improved Cancer Survival in Patients Who Receive Statins Alone and in Combination With Bisphosphonates. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2019; 1:1-12. [PMID: 30657380 DOI: 10.1200/cci.17.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cohort studies report associations between statin use and improved survival in patients with cancer. We used pharmacoepidemiologic methods to evaluate the survival of patients with cancer who received statins alone or in ostensibly synergistic drug combinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with cancer who were diagnosed from 2010 to 2013 were identified in a large health care claims database. The rate of all-cause death up to 1 year after diagnosis was compared by Cox proportional hazard regression. Sensitivity analyses included age stratification, statin type and intensity, and comparison with or without bisphosphonates and dipyridamole. RESULTS Among 312,907 identified patients with cancer, treatment groups included statin users (n = 65,440), nonstatin users who received medications that block cholesterol absorption (n = 9,289), and nonusers (n = 226,007). Statin use before diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival compared with no treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.91) and specifically in patients with leukemia, lung, or renal cancers. Nonstatin users had increased overall survival compared with no treatment (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.85); when stratified, this difference held true only for pancreatic cancer and leukemia. No differences were observed between statin and nonstatin groups. Bisphosphonate use alone had no effect (n = 4,528), but patients who used both statins and bisphosphonates (n = 4,090) had increased survival compared with no treatment (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.81). The effect of the combination of dipyridamole and statin use (n = 651) was not significant compared with no treatment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the combination of statins with drugs that affect isoprenylation, such as bisphosphonates, improves survival in patients with cancer. Consideration of pathway-specific pharmacology allows for hypotheses testing with the pharmacoepidemiologic approach. Prospective evaluation of these findings warrants clinical investigation and preclinical mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M El-Refai
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joshua D Brown
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Esther P Black
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Markos Leggas
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jeffery C Talbert
- Sherif M. El-Refai, Susan M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; and Joshua D. Brown, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abbas AK, Trotta E, R Simeonov D, Marson A, Bluestone JA. Revisiting IL-2: Biology and therapeutic prospects. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/25/eaat1482. [PMID: 29980618 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), the first cytokine that was molecularly cloned, was shown to be a T cell growth factor essential for the proliferation of T cells and the generation of effector and memory cells. On the basis of this activity, the earliest therapeutic application of IL-2 was to boost immune responses in cancer patients. Therefore, it was a surprise that genetic deletion of the cytokine or its receptor led not only to the expected immune deficiency but also to systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Subsequent studies established that IL-2 is essential for the maintenance of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and in its absence, there is a profound deficiency of Treg cells and resulting autoimmunity. We now know that IL-2 promotes the generation, survival, and functional activity of Treg cells and thus has dual and opposing functions: maintaining Treg cells to control immune responses and stimulating conventional T cells to promote immune responses. It is well documented that certain IL-2 conformations result in selective targeting of Treg cells by increasing reliance on CD25 binding while compromising CD122 binding. Recent therapeutic strategies have emerged to use IL-2, monoclonal antibodies to IL-2, or IL-2 variants to boost Treg cell numbers and function to treat autoimmune diseases while dealing with the continuing challenges to minimize the generation of effector and memory cells, natural killer cells, and other innate lymphoid populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eleonora Trotta
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitre R Simeonov
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guerra-De-Blas PDC, Torres-González P, Bobadilla-Del-Valle M, Sada-Ovalle I, Ponce-De-León-Garduño A, Sifuentes-Osornio J. Potential Effect of Statins on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7617023. [PMID: 30581876 PMCID: PMC6276473 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7617023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world. The current treatment is based on a combination of antimicrobials administered for six months. It is essential to find therapeutic agents with which the treatment time can be shortened and strengthen the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis needs cholesterol to infect and survive inside the host, but the progression of the infection depends to a large extent on the capacity of the immune response to contain the infection. Statins inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and have pleiotropic effects on the immune system, which have been associated with better results in the treatment of several infectious diseases. Recently, it has been reported that cells treated with statins are more resistant to M. tuberculosis infection, and they have even been proposed as adjuvants in the treatment of M. tuberculosis infection. The aim of this review is to summarize the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis and its mechanisms of evasion and to compile the available scientific information on the effect of statins in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Del Carmen Guerra-De-Blas
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Torres-González
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Bobadilla-Del-Valle
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Sada-Ovalle
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ponce-De-León-Garduño
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Theodosakis N, Langdon CG, Micevic G, Krykbaeva I, Means RE, Stern DF, Bosenberg MW. Inhibition of isoprenylation synergizes with MAPK blockade to prevent growth in treatment-resistant melanoma, colorectal, and lung cancer. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:292-302. [PMID: 30281931 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, as an adjunctive to BRAF and MEK inhibition as a treatment in melanomas and other tumors with driver mutations in the MAPK pathway. Experiments used simvastatin in conjunction with vemurafenib and selumetinib in vitro and simvastatin with vemurafenib in vivo to demonstrate additional growth abrogation beyond MAPK blockade alone. Additional studies demonstrated that statin anti-tumor effects appeared to depend on inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis given rescue with add-back of downstream metabolites. Ultimately, we concluded that statins represent a possible useful adjunctive therapy in MAPK-driven tumors when given with current approved targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey G Langdon
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Goran Micevic
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Irina Krykbaeva
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xia Y, Xie Y, Yu Z, Xiao H, Jiang G, Zhou X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhao M, Li L, Zheng M, Han S, Zong Z, Meng X, Deng H, Ye H, Fa Y, Wu H, Oldfield E, Hu X, Liu W, Shi Y, Zhang Y. The Mevalonate Pathway Is a Druggable Target for Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery. Cell 2018; 175:1059-1073.e21. [PMID: 30270039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the clinical observation that interruption of the mevalonate pathway stimulates immune responses, we hypothesized that this pathway may function as a druggable target for vaccine adjuvant discovery. We found that lipophilic statin drugs and rationally designed bisphosphonates that target three distinct enzymes in the mevalonate pathway have potent adjuvant activities in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. These inhibitors function independently of conventional "danger sensing." Instead, they inhibit the geranylgeranylation of small GTPases, including Rab5 in antigen-presenting cells, resulting in arrested endosomal maturation, prolonged antigen retention, enhanced antigen presentation, and T cell activation. Additionally, inhibiting the mevalonate pathway enhances antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity, inducing both Th1 and cytolytic T cell responses. As demonstrated in multiple mouse cancer models, the mevalonate pathway inhibitors are robust for cancer vaccinations and synergize with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Our research thus defines the mevalonate pathway as a druggable target for vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Guimei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Mingke Zheng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Huahu Ye
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Fa
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Institute Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gruenbacher G, Thurnher M. Mevalonate Metabolism in Cancer Stemness and Trained Immunity. Front Oncol 2018; 8:394. [PMID: 30298120 PMCID: PMC6160868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate metabolism provides cancer and immune cells with diverse products to ensure cell functionality. Similar metabolic reprogramming that raises mevalonate metabolism to higher levels appears to drive both, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells, a reverse differentiation program that generates cancer cells with stem cell properties, and immune cell training for increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. In this review, we address how mevalonate metabolism supports cancer development and stemness on the one hand, and on the other promotes immune responsiveness. In view of this dual nature of mevalonate metabolism, strategies to manipulate this metabolic pathway as part of anti-cancer therapies require careful analysis of risks versus benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kooijman S, Brummelman J, van Els CACM, Marino F, Heck AJR, van Riet E, Metz B, Kersten GFA, Pennings JLA, Meiring HD. Vaccine antigens modulate the innate response of monocytes to Al(OH)3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197885. [PMID: 29813132 PMCID: PMC5973561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants have widely been used in human vaccines since 1926. In the absence of antigens, aluminum-based adjuvants can initiate the inflammatory preparedness of innate cells, yet the impact of antigens on this response has not been investigated so far. In this study, we address the modulating effect of vaccine antigens on the monocyte-derived innate response by comparing processes initiated by Al(OH)3 and by Infanrix, an Al(OH)3-adjuvanted trivalent combination vaccine (DTaP), containing diphtheria toxoid (D), tetanus toxoid (T) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine antigens. A systems-wide analysis of stimulated monocytes was performed in which full proteome analysis was combined with targeted transcriptome analysis and cytokine analysis. This comprehensive study revealed four major differences in the monocyte response, between plain Al(OH)3 and DTaP stimulation conditions: (I) DTaP increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas Al(OH)3 did not; (II) Al(OH)3 increased the gene expression of IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-17a in contrast to the limited induction or even downregulation by DTaP; (III) increased expression of type I interferons-induced proteins was not observed upon DTaP stimulation, but was observed upon Al(OH)3 stimulation; (IV) opposing regulation of protein localization pathways was observed for Al(OH)3 and DTaP stimulation, related to the induction of exocytosis by Al(OH)3 alone. This study highlights that vaccine antigens can antagonize Al(OH)3-induced programming of the innate immune responses at the monocyte level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Kooijman
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Marino
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gideon F. A. Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L. A. Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Xue Y, Xing M. Subchronic Arsenism Disorders mRNA Expression of Cytokines and Immunoglobulins in the Intestinal Tract of the Cock. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 28620729 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Provision of feed containing arsenic may cause intestinal flora imbalance and consequently, the dysfunction of immunological protection of the cock. To understand the intricate tuning of immune responses in the intestinal tract elicited by subchronic arsenism, a cock model (1-day-old Hy-line cocks) was established by subjecting cocks to different environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic in the diet for 90 days. Intestinal cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were determined using real-time PCR on days 30, 60, and 90. Results showed that, compared to those of the control groups, the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ displayed increases on day 30 then decreases on days 60 and 90 dose-dependently in every tissue. Except for the decrease in the jejunum, the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in the duodenum, ileum, cecum, and rectum. However, the mRNA levels of IL-12β decreased in every tissue and every time point compared to those of the control groups. In contrast, chicks showed considerably higher expression levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG after exposure to arsenic. These results demonstrated that immune strategies of cocks were disturbed when suffered from subchronic arsenism, at least on the intestinal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gruenbacher G, Thurnher M. Mevalonate Metabolism in Immuno-Oncology. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1714. [PMID: 29250078 PMCID: PMC5717006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology not only refers to the multifaceted relationship between our immune system and a developing cancer but also includes therapeutic approaches that harness the body's immune system to fight cancer. The recognition that metabolic reprogramming governs immunity was a key finding with important implications for immuno-oncology. In this review, we want to explore how activation and differentiation-induced metabolic reprogramming affects the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis in immune and cancer cells. Glycolysis-fueled mevalonate metabolism is a critical pathway in immune effector cells, which may, however, be shared by cancer stem cells, complicating the development of therapeutic strategies. Additional engagement of fatty acidy oxidation, as it occurs in regulatory immune cells as well as in certain tumor types, may influence mevalonate pathway activity. Transcellular mevalonate metabolism may play an as yet unanticipated role in the crosstalk between the various cell types and may add another level of complexity. In humans, a subset of γδ T cells is specifically adapted to perform surveillance of mevalonate pathway dysregulation. While the mevalonate pathway remains an important target in immuno-oncology, in terms of personalized medicine, it may be the type or stage of a malignant disease that determines whether mevalonate metabolism requires training or attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gruenbacher G, Thurnher M. Mevalonate metabolism governs cancer immune surveillance. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1342917. [PMID: 29123952 PMCID: PMC5665080 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1342917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming that drives immunity engages the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis and protein prenylation. The importance of tight regulation of this metabolic route is reflected by the fact that too low activity impairs cellular function and survival, whereas hyperactivity can lead to malignant transformation. Here, we first address how mevalonate metabolism drives immunity and then highlight ways of the immune system to respond to both, limited and uncontrolled flux through the mevalonate pathway. Immune responses elicited by mevalonate pathway dysregulation may be harnessed to increase the clinical efficacy of current cancer therapy regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Van Acker HH, Capsomidis A, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. CD56 in the Immune System: More Than a Marker for Cytotoxicity? Front Immunol 2017; 8:892. [PMID: 28791027 PMCID: PMC5522883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the phenotypic and functional boundaries distinguishing the main cell subsets of the immune system have become increasingly blurred. In this respect, CD56 (also known as neural cell adhesion molecule) is a very good example. CD56 is the archetypal phenotypic marker of natural killer cells but can actually be expressed by many more immune cells, including alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Common to all these CD56-expressing cell types are strong immunostimulatory effector functions, including T helper 1 cytokine production and an efficient cytotoxic capacity. Interestingly, both numerical and functional deficiencies and phenotypic alterations of the CD56+ immune cell fraction have been reported in patients with various infectious, autoimmune, or malignant diseases. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge on the expression and function of CD56 in the hematopoietic system, both in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Capsomidis
- Cancer Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma BX, Li H, Li JS, Wu SS. Effect of statins on preventing infectious complications after surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:610-8. [PMID: 26194776 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515583708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE *These authors contributed equally to this work.A meta-analysis to investigate the association between preoperative statin use and the risk of postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing surgery. METHODS PubMed(®) and Embase(®) databases were searched for relevant studies. Data were extracted using a standardized data collection form. The primary effect measure was the odds ratio (OR) of postoperative infectious complications. Summary OR were calculated. RESULTS The analysis included 10 cohort studies with a total of 147 263 participants. Statin use was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative infectious complications in all studies (summary OR 0.917, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.862, 0.975, fixed-effects model; summary OR 0.731, 95% CI 0.584, 0.870, random-effects model); cardiac surgery (summary OR 0.673; 95% CI 0.535, 0.847); treatment in the USA (summary OR 0.678; 95% CI 0.597, 0.770); retrospective cohort studies (summary OR 0.664; 95% CI 0.521, 0.846). CONCLUSION Preoperative statin use is associated with a reduced risk of postoperative infectious complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing-Sen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Sui-Sheng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Whereas resting T cells, which have low metabolic requirements, use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to maximize their generation of ATP, activated T cells, similar to tumor cells, shift metabolic activity to aerobic glycolysis, which also fuels mevalonate metabolism. Both sterol and nonsterol derivatives of mevalonate affect T cell function. The intracellular availability of sterols, which is dynamically regulated by different classes of transcription factors, represents a metabolic checkpoint that modulates T cell responses. The electron carrier ubiquinone, which is modified with an isoprenoid membrane anchor, plays a pivotal role in OXPHOS, which supports the proliferation of T cells. Isoprenylation also mediates the plasma membrane attachment of the Ras, Rho, and Rab guanosine triphosphatases, which are involved in T cell immunological synapse formation, migration, proliferation, and cytotoxic effector responses. Finally, multiple phosphorylated mevalonate derivatives can act as danger signals for innate-like γδ T cells, thus contributing to the immune surveillance of stress, pathogens, and tumors. We highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway in the metabolic reprogramming of effector and regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck and Oncotyrol, K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck and Oncotyrol, K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tleyjeh IM, Alasmari FA, Bin Abdulhak AA, Riaz M, Garbati MA, Erwin PJ, Kashour T, Al-Mallah MH, Baddour LM. Association between Preoperative Statin Therapy and Postoperative Infectious Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 33:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1086/668019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Infectious complications of cardiac surgery are often severe and life threatening. Statins having both immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects were intuitively thought to influence the development of postsurgical infections. We sought to systematically examine whether any association exists between statin use and risk of infectious complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Thomson Scientific Web of Science, and Elsevier Scopus from inception through February 2011 for comparative studies examining the association between statin use and risk of postoperative infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We contacted a study's author for missing information. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of individual studies' odds ratios (adjusted for potential confounders). We identified 6 cohort studies for inclusion, 3 of which were conducted in Canada and 3 of which were conducted in the United States. Four were single-center studies, and 2 were population based. Exposure ascertainment was based on a review of admission medication list or prescription databases. Infectious outcomes were heterogeneous and included surgical site infections within 30 days, serious infections (sepsis), or any other postoperative infection. Statin use in the preoperative period was associated with a trend toward reduction in the incidence of postoperative infections in patients who underwent cardiac surgery (odds ratio, 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.01]; P = .06; I2 = 75%). Heterogeneity was explained by country effect. Studies performed in Canada showed weaker associations than studies performed in the United States. This difference could not be attributed to study quality alone. We did not find good evidence to support an association between statin use and postoperative infectious complications. However, the trend toward statistical significance for this association indicates that further investigation is warranted.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gruenbacher G, Nussbaumer O, Gander H, Steiner B, Leonhartsberger N, Thurnher M. Stress-related and homeostatic cytokines regulate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell surveillance of mevalonate metabolism. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e953410. [PMID: 25960933 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.953410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potentially oncogenic mevalonate pathway provides building blocks for protein prenylation and induces cell proliferation and as such is an important therapeutic target. Among mevalonate metabolites, only isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) has been considered to be an immunologically relevant antigen for primate-specific, innate-like Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with antitumor potential. We show here that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells pretreated with the stress-related, inflammasome-dependent cytokine interleukin 18 (IL-18) were potently activated not only by IPP but also by all downstream isoprenoid pyrophosphates that exhibit combined features of antigens and cell-extrinsic metabolic cues. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced this way effectively proliferated even under severe lymphopenic conditions and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly improved reconstitution of γδ T cells predominantly with a central memory phenotype. The homeostatic cytokine IL-15 induced the differentiation of effector cells in an antigen-independent fashion, which rapidly produced abundant interferon γ (IFNγ) upon antigen re-encounter. IL-15 induced effector γδ T cells displayed increased levels of the cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated proteins CD56, CD96, CD161 and perforin. In response to stimulation with isoprenoid pyrophosphates, these effector cells upregulated surface expression of CD107a and exhibited strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro. Our data clarify understanding of innate immunosurveillance mechanisms and will facilitate the controlled generation of robust Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subsets for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- BTN, butyrophilin
- CD107a
- CD56
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
- GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate
- IL-15
- IL-18
- IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate
- N-BP, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NK, natural killer
- TCR, T cell receptor
- immune surveillance
- metabolic cues
- mevalonate pathway
- γδ T cells
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Cell Therapy Unit; Department of Urology; K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University and oncotyrol ; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Nussbaumer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology; King's College London ; London, UK
| | - Hubert Gander
- Cell Therapy Unit; Department of Urology; K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University and oncotyrol ; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Steiner
- Cell Therapy Unit; Department of Urology; K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University and oncotyrol ; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolai Leonhartsberger
- Cell Therapy Unit; Department of Urology; K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University and oncotyrol ; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Cell Therapy Unit; Department of Urology; K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Medical University and oncotyrol ; Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pisanti S, Picardi P, Ciaglia E, D'Alessandro A, Bifulco M. Novel prospects of statins as therapeutic agents in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2014; 88:84-98. [PMID: 25009097 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well known competitive inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase), thus traditionally used as cholesterol-lowering agents. In recent years, more and more effects of statins have been revealed. Nowadays alterations of lipid metabolism have been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer cells. Consequently, much attention has been directed toward the potential of statins as therapeutic agents in the oncological field. Accumulated in vitro and in vivo clinical evidence point out the role of statins in a variety of human malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we summarize and discuss, in light of the most recent observations, the anti-tumor effects of statins, underpinning the detailed mode of action and looking for their true significance in cancer prevention and treatment, to determine if and in which case statin repositioning could be really justified for neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Paola Picardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Alba D'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Intraperitoneal delivery of human natural killer cells for treatment of ovarian cancer in a mouse xenograft model. Cytotherapy 2014; 15:1297-306. [PMID: 23993303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for relapsed ovarian cancer. Dramatic clinical anti-tumor effects have been observed with interleukin (IL)-2 activated natural killer (NK) cells; however, intravenous delivery of NK cells in patients with ovarian cancer has not been successful in ameliorating disease. We investigated in vivo engraftment of intraperitoneally (IP) delivered NK cells in an ovarian cancer xenograft model to determine if delivery mode can affect tumor cell killing and circumvent lack of NK cell expansion. METHODS An ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate efficacy of IP-delivered NK cells. Tumor burden was monitored by bioluminescent imaging of luciferase-expressing ovarian cancer cells. NK cell persistence, tumor burden and NK cell trafficking were evaluated. Transplanted NK cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS IP delivery of human NK cells plus cytokines led to high levels of circulating NK and was effective in clearing intraperitoneal ovarian cancer burden in xenografted mice. NK cells remained within the peritoneal cavity 54 days after injection and had markers of maturation. Additionally, surviving NK cells were able to kill ovarian cancer cells at a rate similar to pre-infusion levels, supporting that in vivo functionality of human NK cells can be maintained after IP infusion. CONCLUSIONS IP delivery of NK cells leads to stable engraftment and antitumor response in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. These data support further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of IP delivery of allogeneic NK cells in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiu Z, Zhang W, Fan F, Li H, Wu C, Ye Y, Du Q, Li Z, Hu X, Zhao G, Sun A, Bao Z, Ge J. Rosuvastatin-attenuated heart failure in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats via PKCα/β2 signal pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:3052-61. [PMID: 22970977 PMCID: PMC4393733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are controversies concerning the capacity of Rosuvastatin to attenuate heart failure in end-stage hypertension. The aim of the study was to show whether the Rosuvastatin might be effective or not for the heart failure treatment. Twenty-one spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 52 weeks with heart failure were randomly divided into three groups: two receiving Rosuvastatin at 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively, and the third, placebo for comparison with seven Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) as controls. After an 8-week treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and echocardiographic features were evaluated; mRNA level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and plasma NT-proBNP concentration were measured; the heart tissues were observed under electron microscope (EM); myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump (SERCA-2) activity and mitochondria cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity were measured; the expressions of SERCA-2a, phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2), sodium–calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 (PPI-1) were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR; and the total and phosphorylation of protein kinase Cα/β (PKCα/β) were measured. Aged SHRs with heart failure was characterized by significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening, enhanced left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and LV Volume, accompanied by increased plasma NT-proBNP and elevated BNP gene expression. Damaged myofibrils, vacuolated mitochondria and swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum were observed by EM. Myocardium mitochondria CCO and SERCA-2 activity decreased. The expressions of PLB and NCX1 increased significantly with up-regulation of PPI-1 and down-regulation of CaMKII, whereas that of RyR2 decreased. Rosuvastatin was found to ameliorate the heart failure in aged SHRs and to improve changes in SERCA-2a, PLB, RyR2, NCX1, CaMKII and PPI-1; PKCα/β2 signal pathway to be suppressed; the protective effect of Rosuvastatin to be dose dependent. In conclusion, the heart failure of aged SHRs that was developed during the end stage of hypertension could be ameliorated by Rosuvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mevalonate metabolism in cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:192-6. [PMID: 24467965 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by sustained proliferative signaling, insensitivity to growth suppressors and resistance to apoptosis as well as by replicative immortality, the capacity to induce angiogenesis and to perform invasive growth. Additional hallmarks of cancer cells include the reprogramming of energy metabolism as well as the ability to evade immune surveillance. The current review focuses on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and on the immune system's capacity to detect such changes in cancer cell metabolism. Specifically, we focus on mevalonate metabolism, which is a target for drug and immune based cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
39
|
Osaki Y, Yokohama A, Saito A, Tahara K, Yanagisawa K, Ogawa Y, Ishizaki T, Mitsui T, Koiso H, Takizawa M, Uchiumi H, Saitoh T, Handa H, Murakami H, Tsukamoto N, Nojima Y. Characterization of CD56+ dendritic-like cells: a normal counterpart of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm? PLoS One 2013; 8:e81722. [PMID: 24312342 PMCID: PMC3843704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematological malignancy. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which are defined as lineage marker (Lin)−HLA−DR+CD56−CD123+CD11c− cells, are considered to be the normal counterpart of BPDCNs. However, BPDCN can be distinguished from pDCs by uniform expression of CD56. In this study, to identify a normal counterpart of BPDCN, we searched for a Lin−HLA−DR+CD56+ population and focused on a minor subpopulation of Lin−DR+CD56+CD123+CD11c− cells that we designated as pDC-like cells (pDLCs). pDLC constituted 0.03% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the pDLC/pDC ratio was higher in bone marrow cells than in PBMCs. pDLC clearly expressed BDCA2, BDCA4, and myeloid antigens, which are frequently expressed by BPDCN. pDLCs exhibited modest expression of Toll-like receptors and produced less interferon-α after CpG stimulation, but presented very low endocytic ability unlike mDCs. These functional differences were attributed to the expression profile of transcriptional factors. After in vitro culture with Flt3-ligand and GM-CSF, pDLCs expressed CD11c and BDCA1. These data suggested that pDLCs are a distinct subpopulation, with an immunophenotype similar to BPDCNs. Moreover, our results indicate that pDLCs might be immature DCs and might contribute to the immunophenotypical diversity of BPDCNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Osaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akio Saito
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tahara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunio Yanagisawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishizaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeki Mitsui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromi Koiso
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makiko Takizawa
- Division of Blood Transfusion Service, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Uchiumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Gunma University School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Gunma University School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihisa Nojima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Riganti C, Massaia M. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway to override chemoresistance and promote the immunogenic demise of cancer cells: Killing two birds with one stone. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25770. [PMID: 24327936 PMCID: PMC3850498 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy not only to override multidrug resistance but also to promote the immunogenic demise of malignant cells. Recent data indicate that aminobisphosphonates are superior to statins for the pharmacological manipulation of the mevalonate pathway, since they exert therapeutically relevant effects on both cancer cells and the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ciaglia E, Pisanti S, Picardi P, Laezza C, Malfitano AM, DˈAlessandro A, Gazzerro P, Vitale M, Carbone E, Bifulco M. N6-isopentenyladenosine, an endogenous isoprenoid end product, directly affects cytotoxic and regulatory functions of human NK cells through FDPS modulation. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:1207-19. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0413190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
42
|
Nussbaumer O, Gruenbacher G, Gander H, Komuczki J, Rahm A, Thurnher M. Essential Requirements of Zoledronate-Induced Cytokine and γδ T Cell Proliferative Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1346-55. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
43
|
Poggi A, Boero S, Musso A, Zocchi MR. Selective role of mevalonate pathway in regulating perforin but not FasL and TNFalpha release in human Natural Killer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62932. [PMID: 23667543 PMCID: PMC3646988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the effects of fluvastatin, an inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase involved in mevalonate synthesis, on human NK cell-mediated anti-tumor cytolysis. Fluvastatin inhibited the activation of the small guanosin triphosphate binding protein (GTP) RhoA and the consequent actin redistribution induced by ligation of LFA1 involved in NK-tumor target cell adhesion. Also, fluvastatin reduced ganglioside M1 rafts formation triggered through the engagement of NK cell activating receptors as FcγRIIIA (CD16), NKG2D and DNAM1. Cytolysis of tumor targets was inhibited up to 90% when NK cells were cultured with fluvastatin by affecting i) receptor-mediated increase of the intracellular free calcium concentration, ii) activation of akt1/PKB and iii) perforin and granzyme release. Fluvastatin displayed a stronger inhibiting effect on NKG2D, DNAM1, 2B4, NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 than on CD16-mediated NK cell triggering. This was in line with the impairment of surface expression of all these receptors but not of CD16. Remarkably, fluvastatin did not affect the expression of the inhibiting receptors CD94, KIR2D and LAIR1. FasL release elicited by either NK-tumor cell interaction or CD16 or NKG2D engagement, as well as FasL-mediated killing, were not sensitive to fluvastatin. Moreover, TNFα secretion triggered in NK cells upon incubation with tumor target cells or engagement of NKG2D receptor was not impaired in fluvastatin-treated NK cells. Likewise, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) triggered through FcγRIIIA engagement with the humanized monoclonal antibody rituximab or trastuzumab was only marginally affected in fluvastatin-treated NK cells. Altogether these findings suggest that interference with mevalonate synthesis impairs activation and assembly of cytoskeleton, degranulation and cytotoxic effect of perforins and granzyme but not FasL- and TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Thurnher M, Gruenbacher G, Nussbaumer O. Regulation of mevalonate metabolism in cancer and immune cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1009-15. [PMID: 23524243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is a highly conserved metabolic cascade and provides isoprenoid building blocks for the biosynthesis of vital cellular products such as cholesterol or prenyl pyrophosphates that serve as substrates for the posttranslational prenylation of numerous proteins. The pathway, which is frequently hyperactive in cancer cells, is considered an important target in cancer therapy, since prenylated members of the Ras superfamily are crucially involved in the control of proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. Upstream accumulation and downstream depletion of mevalonate pathway intermediates as induced for instance by aminobisphosphonates translate into different effects in cancer and immune cells. Thus, mevalonate pathway regulation can affect tumour biology either directly or exhibit indirect antitumour effects through stimulating cancer immune surveillance. The present review summarizes major effects of pharmacologic mevalonate pathway regulation in cancer and immune cells that may collaboratively contribute to the efficacy of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thurnher
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Targeting HMG-CoA reductase with statins in a window-of-opportunity breast cancer trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:499-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
46
|
Continued statin therapy could improve the outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurg Rev 2012; 36:279-87; discussion 287. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-012-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are equipped with antigen-presenting and tumoricidal capacities. Blood 2012; 120:3936-44. [PMID: 22966165 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-435941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a highly specialized naturally occurring dendritic-cell subset and are the main producers of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infections. We show that human pDCs activated by the preventive vaccine FSME specifically up-regulate CD56 on their surface, a marker that was thought to be specific for NK cells and associated with cytolytic effector functions. We observed that FSME-activated pDCs specifically lysed NK target cells and expressed cytotoxic molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and granzyme B. Elevated levels of these molecules coincided with the expression of CD56, indicative for skewing human pDCs toward an interferon-producing killer DC subset. Detailed phenotypical and functional analysis revealed that pDCs attained a mature phenotype, secreted proinflammatory cytokines, and had the capacity to present antigens and stimulate T cells. Here, we report on the generation of CD56(+) human interferon producing killer pDCs with the capacity to present antigens. These findings aid in deciphering the role for pDCs in antitumor immunity and present a promising prospect of developing antitumor therapy using pDCs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Thurnher M, Nussbaumer O, Gruenbacher G. Novel aspects of mevalonate pathway inhibitors as antitumor agents. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3524-31. [PMID: 22529099 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis and protein prenylation has been implicated in various aspects of tumor development and progression. Certain classes of drugs, such as statins and bisphosphonates, inhibit mevalonate metabolism and therefore have also been tested as antitumor agents. This concept is strongly supported by the recent finding that mutant p53, which is present in more than half of all human cancers, can significantly upregulate mevalonate metabolism and protein prenylation in carcinoma cells. The first evidence that mevalonate pathway inhibitors may have the potential to reverse the malignant phenotype has already been obtained. Moreover, recently discovered immunomodulatory properties of statins and bisphosphonates may also contribute to their known anticancer effects. Drug-induced inhibition of protein prenylation may induce sequential cellular stress responses, including the unfolded protein response and autophagy, that eventually translate into inflammasome-dependent and caspase-1-mediated activation of innate immunity. This review focuses on these novel capabilities of mevalonate pathway inhibitors to beneficially affect tumor biology and contribute to tumor immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thurnher
- Cell Therapy Unit, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University and K1 Center Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen J, Hou J, Zhang J, An Y, Zhang X, Yue L, Liu J, Li X. Atorvastatin synergizes with IFN-γ in treating human non-small cell lung carcinomas via potent inhibition of RhoA activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:161-70. [PMID: 22510296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been widely used to treat various malignant tumors including human non-small-cell-lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). However, the tumor-inhibitory effect of IFN-γ displays not satisfactory in NSCLC treatment due to the lack of immunogenicity of NSCLCs. This study demonstrated that inhibition of RhoA activity led to significant inhibition of NSCLC cell growth accompanied by decreased expression of c-myc and cyclin D1 and increased levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and peptide transporter protein 1 (TAP1) which are involved in tumor immunity. Combination treatment of atorvastatin and IFN-γ resulted in a synergistic inhibition of NSCLC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Though IFN-γ alone exerted minimal inhibitory effect on RhoA activity, additional administration of atorvastatin could result in a significant inhibition of RhoA activity, thus substantially suppressing NSCLC cell growth. Specifically, atorvastatin could induce specific deposition of endogenous IFN-γ in tumors while not in other normal tissues in LLC-harbored mice. In conclusion, atorvastatin can enhance IFN-γ sensitivity in NSCLCs both in vitro and in vivo, probably through induction of a synergistic inhibitory effect on RhoA activity. This study also suggests a potential alternative of combination of atorvastatin and IFN-γ in clinical therapy against NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of System Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|