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Dupuis H, Lemaitre M, Jannin A, Douillard C, Espiard S, Vantyghem MC. Lipomatoses. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:231-247. [PMID: 38871514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipomatoses are benign proliferation of adipose tissue. Lipomas (benign fat tumors) are the most common component of lipomatosis. They may be unique or multiple, encapsulated or not, subcutaneous or sometimes visceral. In some cases, they form large areas of non-encapsulated fat hypertrophy, with a variable degree of fibrosis. They can develop despite the absence of obesity. They may be familial or acquired. At difference with lipodystrophy syndromes, they are not associated with lipoatrophy areas, except in some rare cases such as type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy syndromes (FPLD2). Their metabolic impact is variable in part depending on associated obesity. They may have functional or aesthetic consequences. Lipomatosis may be isolated, be part of a syndrome, or may be visceral. Isolated lipomatoses include multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung disease or Launois-Bensaude syndrome), familial multiple lipomatosis, the painful Dercum's disease also called Adiposis Dolorosa or Ander syndrome, mesosomatic lipomatosis also called Roch-Leri lipomatosis, familial angiolipomatosis, lipedema and hibernomas. Syndromic lipomatoses include PIK3CA-related disorders, Cowden/PTEN hamartomas-tumor syndrome, some lipodystrophy syndromes, and mitochondrial diseases, especially MERRF, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neurofibromatosis type 1, Wilson disease, Pai or Haberland syndromes. Finally, visceral lipomatoses have been reported in numerous organs and sites: pancreatic, adrenal, abdominal, epidural, mediastinal, epicardial… The aim of this review is to present the main types of lipomatosis and their physiopathological component, when it is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hippolyte Dupuis
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Madleen Lemaitre
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France; University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Jannin
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France; University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Douillard
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France; University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm U1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- CHU Lille, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, 59000 Lille, France; University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm U1190, 59000 Lille, France; Competence center PRISIS, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, CHU, Lille, France.
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Wolffhardt TM, Ketzer F, Telese S, Wirth T, Ushmorov A. Dependency of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines on MEN1 Extends beyond MEN1-KMT2A Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16472. [PMID: 38003662 PMCID: PMC10670986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Menin/MEN1 is a scaffold protein that participates in proliferation, regulation of gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and signal transduction. In hematological malignancies harboring the KMT2A/MLL1 (MLLr) chromosomal rearrangements, the interaction of the oncogenic fusion protein MLLr with MEN1 has been shown to be essential. MEN1 binders inhibiting the MEN1 and KMT2A interaction have been shown to be effective against MLLr AML and B-ALL in experimental models and clinical studies. We hypothesized that in addition to the MEN1-KMT2A interaction, alternative mechanisms might be instrumental in the MEN1 dependency of leukemia. We first mined and analyzed data from publicly available gene expression databases, finding that the dependency of B-ALL cell lines on MEN1 did not correlate with the presence of MLLr. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we found that all tested B-ALL cell lines were sensitive to MEN1 depletion, independent of the underlying driver mutations. Most multiple myeloma cell lines that did not harbor MLLr were also sensitive to the genetic depletion of MEN1. We conclude that the oncogenic role of MEN1 is not limited to the interaction with KMT2A. Our results suggest that targeted degradation of MEN1 or the development of binders that induce global changes in the MEN1 protein structure may be more efficient than the inhibition of individual MEN1 protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Magdalena Wolffhardt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Franz Ketzer
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Stefano Telese
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Alexey Ushmorov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.W.); (S.T.)
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Liu T, Li R, Sun L, Xu Z, Wang S, Zhou J, Wu X, Shi K. Menin orchestrates hepatic glucose and fatty acid uptake via deploying the cellular translocation of SIRT1 and PPARγ. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:175. [PMID: 37740216 PMCID: PMC10517496 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menin is a scaffold protein encoded by the Men1 gene, which interacts with various transcriptional proteins to activate or repress cellular processes and is a key mediator in multiple organs. Both liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific Menin deficiency promotes high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis in mice, as well as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetic phenotype. The potential link between Menin and hepatic metabolism homeostasis may provide new insights into the mechanism of fatty liver disease. RESULTS Disturbance of hepatic Menin expression impacts metabolic pathways associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including the FoxO signaling pathway, which is similar to that observed in both oleic acid-induced fatty hepatocytes model and biopsied fatty liver tissues, but with elevated hepatic Menin expression and inhibited FABP1. Higher levels of Menin facilitate glucose uptake while restraining fatty acid uptake. Menin targets the expression of FABP3/4/5 and also CD36 or GK, PCK by binding to their promoter regions, while recruiting and deploying the cellular localization of PPARγ and SIRT1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Accordingly, Menin binds to PPARγ and/or FoxO1 in hepatocytes, and orchestrates hepatic glucose and fatty acid uptake by recruiting SIRT1. CONCLUSION Menin plays an orchestration role as a transcriptional activator and/or repressor to target downstream gene expression levels involved in hepatic energy uptake by interacting with the cellular energy sensor SIRT1, PPARγ, and/or FoxO1 and deploying their translocations between the cytoplasm and nucleus, thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis. These findings provide more evidence suggesting Menin could be targeted for the treatment of hepatic steatosis, NAFLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and even other hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Li
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjin Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxuan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanning Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Stem Cell and Reprogramming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, Taian, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Ren F, Guo Q, Zhou H. Menin represses the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by interacting with IQGAP1. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 36909940 PMCID: PMC9996331 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene coding the protein menin was originally identified in patients with multiple endocrine tumors, and is mainly expressed in the cell nucleus. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that menin acts as a tumor suppressor protein interacting with other various proteins. The mechanism of menin inhibiting tumorigenesis remains unclear. The present study analyzed the expression of menin and IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) proteins in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and investigated the association between these two molecules. Western blotting was used to determine the quantity of target proteins. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay. It was found that the protein expression of menin was lower in gastric cancer tissues and AGS cells, while the protein expression of IQGAP1 was higher, compared with the levels observed in normal tissues and GES-1 cells. Ectopic expression of IQGAP1 stimulated the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, but did not affect the expression of menin. However, overexpression of menin inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The inhibition was partly achieved through inhibiting the expression of IQGAP1, which was accompanied by inhibition of PI3K and NF-κB expression. Taken together, the present results suggest a novel function for menin and IQGAP1 contributing to suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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Ye Z, Chen H, Ji S, Hu Y, Lou X, Zhang W, Jing D, Fan G, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhuo Q, Chen J, Xu X, Yu X, Xu J, Qin Y, Gao H. MEN1 promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting mTOR-SCD1 axis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1599-1609. [PMID: 36604142 PMCID: PMC9828289 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is the second most common malignant tumors of the pancreas. Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 ( MEN1) is the most frequently mutated gene in pNETs and MEN1-encoded protein, menin, is a scaffold protein that interacts with transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins to regulate various signaling pathways. However, the role of MEN1 in lipid metabolism has not been studied in pNETs. In this study, we perform targeted metabolomics analysis and find that MEN1 promotes the generation and oxidation of polyunsaturated fat acids (PUFAs). Meanwhile lipid peroxidation is a hallmark of ferroptosis, and we confirm that MEN1 promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting the activation of mTOR signaling which is the central hub of metabolism. We show that stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD1) is the downstream of MEN1-mTOR signaling and oleic acid (OA), a metabolite of SCD1, recues the lipid peroxidation caused by MEN1 overexpression. The negative correlation between MEN1 and SCD1 is further verified in clinical specimens. Furthermore, we find that BON-1 and QGP-1 cells with MEN1 overexpression are more sensitive to everolimus, a widely used drug in pNETs that targets mTOR signaling. In addition, combined use everolimus with ferroptosis inducer, RSL3, possesses a more powerful ability to kill cells, which may provide a new strategy for the comprehensive therapy of pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Ye
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Haidi Chen
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yuheng Hu
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xin Lou
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Desheng Jing
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou213003China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou213003China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jin Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64175590; (H.G.) / (Y.Q.) / (J.X.) @
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64175590; (H.G.) / (Y.Q.) / (J.X.) @
| | - Heli Gao
- Center for Neuroendocrine TumorsFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64175590; (H.G.) / (Y.Q.) / (J.X.) @
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Abou Ziki R, Teinturier R, Luo Y, Cerutti C, Vanacker JM, Poulard C, Bachelot T, Diab-Assaf M, Treilleux I, Zhang CX, Le Romancer M. MEN1 silencing triggers the dysregulation of mTORC1 and MYC pathways in ER+ breast cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:451-465. [PMID: 35583188 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, has been identified as a critical factor regulating ESR1 transcription, playing an oncogenic role in ER+ breast cancer (BC) cells. Here, we further dissected the consequences of menin inactivation in ER+ BC cells by focusing on factors within two major pathways involved in BC, mTOR and MYC. MEN1 silencing in MCF7 and T-47D resulted in an increase in phosphor-p70S6K1, phosphor-p85S6K1 and phosphor-4EBP1 expression. The use of an AKT inhibitor inhibited the activation of S6K1 and S6RP triggered by MEN1 knockdown (KD). Moreover, MEN1 silencing in ER+ BC cells led to increased formation of the eIF4E and 4G complex. Clinical studies showed that patients with menin-low breast cancer receiving tamoxifen plus everolimus displayed a trend toward better overall survival. Importantly, MEN1 KD in MCF7 and T-47D cells led to reduced MYC expression. ChIP analysis demonstrated that menin bound not only to the MYC promoter but also to its 5' enhancer. Furthermore, E2-treated MEN1 KD MCF7 cells displayed a decrease in MYC activation, suggesting its role in estrogen-mediated MYC transcription. Finally, expression data mining in tumors revealed a correlation between the expression of MEN1 mRNA and that of several mTORC1 components and targets and a significant inverse correlation between MEN1 and two MYC inhibitory factors, MYCBP2 and MYCT1, in ER+ BC. The current work thus highlights altered mTORC1 and MYC pathways after menin inactivation in ER+ BC cells, providing insight into the crosstalk between menin, mTORC1 and MYC in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Abou Ziki
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Teinturier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yakun Luo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University Fanar, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Chang Xian Zhang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Crabtree JS. Epigenetic Regulation in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901435. [PMID: 35747820 PMCID: PMC9209739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare, diverse group of neuroendocrine tumors that form in the pancreatic and gastrointestinal tract, and often present with side effects due to hormone hypersecretion. The pathogenesis of these tumors is known to be linked to several genetic disorders, but sporadic tumors occur due to dysregulation of additional genes that regulate proliferation and metastasis, but also the epigenome. Epigenetic regulation in these tumors includes DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and regulation by noncoding RNAs. Several large studies demonstrate the identification of epigenetic signatures that may serve as biomarkers, and others identify innovative, epigenetics-based targets that utilize both pharmacological and theranostic approaches towards the development of new treatment approaches.
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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Updates on Genomic Changes in Inherited Tumour Syndromes and Sporadic Tumours Based on WHO Classification. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103648. [PMID: 35248713 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are the neuroendocrine neoplasms with greatest rate of increase in incidence. Approximately 10% of PanNENs arise as inherited tumour syndromes which include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, neurofibromatosis type1, tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2, Cowden syndrome, and Glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia as well as familial insulinomatosis. In sporadic PanNENs, driver mutations in MEN1, DAXX/ATRX and mTOR pathway genes are associated with development and progression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. The other changes are in VEGF pathway, Notch pathway, germline mutations in MUTYH, CHEK2, BRCA2, PHLDA3 as well as other genetic alterations. On the other hand, pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas share similar genetic alterations with ductal adenocarcinomas, e.g., TP53, RB1 or KRAS. In addition, microRNA and changes in immune microenvironment were noted in PanNENs. Updates on these genetic knowledges contribute to the development of management strategies for patients with PanNENs.
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Havasi A, Sur D, Cainap SS, Lungulescu CV, Gavrilas LI, Cainap C, Vlad C, Balacescu O. Current and New Challenges in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Role of miRNA-Based Approaches as New Reliable Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1109. [PMID: 35163032 PMCID: PMC8834851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare tumors; however, their incidence greatly increases with age, and they occur more frequently among the elderly. They represent 5% of all pancreatic tumors, and despite the fact that low-grade tumors often have an indolent evolution, they portend a poor prognosis in an advanced stages and undifferentiated tumors. Additionally, functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors greatly impact quality of life due to the various clinical syndromes that result from abnormal hormonal secretion. With limited therapeutic and diagnostic options, patient stratification and selection of optimal therapeutic strategies should be the main focus. Modest improvements in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have been achieved in the last years. Therefore, it is imperative to find new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival and quality of life, limiting the disease burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous molecules that modulate the expression of thousands of genes and control numerous critical processes involved in tumor development and progression. New data also suggest the implication of miRNAs in treatment resistance and their potential as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we discusses the current and new challenges in the management of PanNETs, including genetic and epigenetic approaches. Furthermore, we summarize the available data on miRNAs as potential prognostic, predictive, or diagnostic biomarkers and discuss their function as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- MedEuropa Radiotherapy Center, 410191 Oradea, Romania
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Sorana Cainap
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Laura-Ioana Gavrilas
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Calin Cainap
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Catalin Vlad
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34–36, Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’’, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Shi M, Fan Z, Xu J, Yang J, Li Y, Gao C, Su P, Wang X, Zhan H. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms G3: Novel insights and unmet needs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188637. [PMID: 34678439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the 2019 WHO pathology grading system, high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) can be divided into well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors G3 (NETs G3) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). GEP-NETs G3 and GEP-NECs present significant differences in driver genes and disease origin. NETs G3 and NECs have been confirmed to be two distinct diseases with different genetic backgrounds, however, this issue remains controversial. The prognosis of NETs G3 is significantly better than that of NECs. The differential diagnosis of GEP-NETs G3 and GEP-NECs should be combined with the patient's medical history, tumor histopathology, Ki-67 index, DAXX/ATRX, TP53 and Rb expression as well as other immunohistochemical indicators. In addition, the treatment strategies of these two subgroups are very different. Here, we summarize recent findings focused on the genomics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and other aspects of high-grade GEP-NENs (G3). This review may help further our understanding of the carcinogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GEP-NENs G3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Changhao Gao
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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11
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MiR-486-3p was downregulated at microRNA profiling of adrenals of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 mice, and inhibited human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14772. [PMID: 34285285 PMCID: PMC8292366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare aggressive disease commonly recurring regardless of radical surgery. Although data on genomic alterations in malignant tumors are accumulating, knowledge of molecular events of importance for initiation of adrenocortical transformation is scarce. In an attempt to recognize early molecular alterations, we used adrenals from young multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 conventional knock-out mice (Men1+/−) closely mimicking the human MEN1 trait (i.e. transformation of pituitary, parathyroid, endocrine pancreatic, and adrenocortical cells). MicroRNA array and hierarchical clustering showed a distinct pattern. Twenty miRNAs were significantly upregulated and eleven were downregulated in Men1+/− compared to wild type littermates. The latter included the known suppressor miRNA miR-486-3p, which was chosen for transfection in human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines H295R and SW13. Cell growth decreased in miR-486-3p overexpressing clones and levels of the predicted target gene fatty acid synthase (FASN) and its downstream product, palmitic acid, were lowered. In conclusion, heterozygous inactivation of Men1 in adrenals results in distinct miRNA profile regulating expression of genes with impact on tumorigenesis, e.g. transcription, nucleic acid and lipid metabolism. Low levels of miR-486-3p in the early stages of transformation may contribute to proliferation by increasing FASN and thus fatty acid production. FASN as a potentially druggable target for treatment of the devastating disease adrenocortical carcinoma warrants further studies.
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12
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Zheng K, Liu T, Zhao J, Meng P, Bian Y, Ni C, Wang H, Pan Y, Wu S, Jiang H, Jin G. Mutational landscape and potential therapeutic targets for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on target next-generation sequencing. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:415. [PMID: 33747156 PMCID: PMC7967861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), a heterogenous type of neoplasm with limited treatment options, is relatively rare and to date, the genetic background has remained to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the mutational landscape of PNET with and without liver metastasis, as well as its clinical application value for treatment. Fresh tumor tissues were collected from 14 patients with PNET following surgery, 4 of whom had developed liver metastasis. Subsequently, targeted next-generation sequencing of 612 cancer-associated genes and comprehensive analysis were performed on the tumor tissues. The results identified 63 somatic mutations in 53 genes in the 14 patients with PNET, amongst which menin 1 was identified as the most recurrently mutated gene. The analysis also identified several novel recurrently mutated genes, including adrenoceptor alpha 2B, ARVCF delta catenin family member, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase and neuregulin 1. Among the 53 mutated genes, 11 were enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (adjusted P=7.12x10-5). In addition, 4 patients with PNET with liver metastasis had distinctly different mutational profiles compared with those without liver metastasis; 13 genes were discovered to be exclusively mutated in the liver metastasis group of the patients with PNET, including ATRX chromatin remodeler, thioredoxin reductase 2, anus kinase 3, ARVCF delta catenin family member, integrin subunit alpha V and RAD50 double strand break repair protein. In addition, two potentially actionable alterations in BRCA2 DNA repair-associated (p.Q548Q) and neurofibromin 1 (p.Q1188X) were identified using the OncoKB database. In conclusion, the present study generated a comprehensive mutational profile of 14 patients with PNET and further described the features of patients with liver metastasis, which highlights potential targets for drug development of PNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailian Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China.,Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Peng Meng
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China.,Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Yun Bian
- Department of Imaging, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chenming Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shouxin Wu
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China.,Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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13
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Involvement of the MEN1 Gene in Hormone-Related Cancers: Clues from Molecular Studies, Mouse Models, and Patient Investigations. ENDOCRINES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MEN1 mutation predisposes patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a genetic syndrome associated with the predominant co-occurrence of endocrine tumors. Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that MEN1 could also be involved in the development of breast and prostate cancers, two major hormone-related cancers. The first clues as to its possible role arose from the identification of the physical and functional interactions between the menin protein, encoded by MEN1, and estrogen receptor α and androgen receptor. In parallel, our team observed that aged heterozygous Men1 mutant mice developed cancerous lesions in mammary glands of female and in the prostate of male mutant mice at low frequencies, in addition to endocrine tumors. Finally, observations made both in MEN1 patients and in sporadic breast and prostate cancers further confirmed the role played by menin in these two cancers. In this review, we present the currently available data concerning the complex and multifaceted involvement of MEN1 in these two types of hormone-dependent cancers.
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14
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Monazzam A, Li SC, Wargelius H, Razmara M, Bajic D, Mi J, Bergquist J, Crona J, Skogseid B. Generation and characterization of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MEN1 knockout BON1 cells: a human pancreatic neuroendocrine cell line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14572. [PMID: 32884006 PMCID: PMC7471701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among patients with the rare diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (P-NET), a substantial proportion suffer from the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), which is caused by germline mutations of the MEN1 suppressor gene. Somatic mutations and loss of the MEN1 protein (menin) are frequently also found in sporadic P-NETs. Thus, a human neuroendocrine pancreatic cell line with biallelic inactivation of MEN1 might be of value for studying tumorigenesis. We used the polyclonal human P-NET cell line BON1, which expresses menin, serotonin, chromogranin A and neurotensin, to generate a monoclonal stable MEN1 knockout BON1 cell line (MEN1-KO-BON1) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Changes in morphology, hormone secretion, and proliferation were analyzed, and proteomics were assessed using nanoLC-MS/MS and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The menin-lacking MEN1-KO-BON1 cells had increased chromogranin A production and were smaller, more homogenous, rounder and grew faster than their control counterparts. Proteomic analysis revealed 457 significantly altered proteins, and IPA identified biological functions related to cancer, e.g., posttranslational modification and cell death/survival. Among 39 proteins with at least a two-fold difference in expression, twelve are relevant in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. The stable monoclonal MEN1-KO-BON1 cell line was found to have preserved neuroendocrine differentiation, increased proliferation, and an altered protein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Monazzam
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Su-Chen Li
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wargelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masoud Razmara
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Duska Bajic
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Precision Medicine, BinZhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Precision Medicine, BinZhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Crona
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Britt Skogseid
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Mamedova EO, Dimitrova DA, Belaya ZE, Melnichenko GA. [The role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:4-12. [PMID: 33351343 DOI: 10.14341/probl12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the expression of non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) take part in the formation of various tumors. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations of the MEN1 gene encoding the menin protein. This syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid tumors, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary adenomas, as well as other endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. The pathogenesis of MEN-1 associated tumors due to MEN1 mutations remains unclear. In the absence of mutations of the MEN1 gene in patients with phenotypically similar features, this condition is regarded as a phenocopy of this syndrome. The cause of the combination of several MEN-1-related tumors in these patients remains unknown. The possible cause is that changes in the expression of ncRNAs affect the regulation of signaling pathways in which menin participates and may contribute to the development of MEN-1-related tumors. The identification of even a small number of agents interacting with menin makes a significant contribution to the improvement of knowledge about its pathophysiological influence and ways of developing tumors within the MEN-1 syndrome and its phenocopies.
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16
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Tran CG, Scott AT, Li G, Sherman SK, Ear PH, Howe JR. Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have decreased somatostatin expression and increased Akt signaling. Surgery 2020; 169:155-161. [PMID: 32611516 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors often present with metastases, which reduce survival. Molecular features associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor tumorigenesis have been reported, but mechanisms of metastasis remain incompletely understood. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on primary and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from 43 patients. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction used to confirm expression differences. BON cells were transfected with short interfering RNAs and short hairpin RNAs to create knockdowns. Expression changes were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cell viability assessed, and protein levels evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Nodal and hepatic metastases had decreased expression of somatostatin compared with primary tumors (P = .003). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a validation cohort confirmed 5.3-fold lower somatostatin expression in hepatic metastases (P = .043) with no difference in somatostatin receptor, synaptophysin, or chromogranin A expression. Somatostatin knockdown in BON cells increased cell metabolic activity, viability, and growth. Somatostatin-knockdown cells had significantly higher levels of phosphorylated Akt protein and higher mTOR compared with controls. CONCLUSION Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases have lower expression of somatostatin than primary tumors, and somatostatin knockdown increased growth in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. This was associated with increased activation of Akt, identifying this pathway as a potential mechanism by which loss of somatostatin expression promotes the metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Tran
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Aaron T Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Guiying Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Scott K Sherman
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Po Hien Ear
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - James R Howe
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.
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17
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Bocchini M, Nicolini F, Severi S, Bongiovanni A, Ibrahim T, Simonetti G, Grassi I, Mazza M. Biomarkers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) Management-An Updated Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:831. [PMID: 32537434 PMCID: PMC7267066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNENs) are rare sporadic cancers or develop as part of hereditary syndromes. PanNENs can be both functioning and non-functioning based on whether they produce bioactive peptides. Some PanNENs are well differentiated while others-poorly. Symptoms, thus, depend on both oncological and hormonal causes. PanNEN diagnosis and treatment benefit from and in some instances are guided by biomarker monitoring. However, plasmatic monoanalytes are only suggestive of PanNEN pathological status and their positivity is typically followed by deepen diagnostic analyses through imaging techniques. There is a strong need for new biomarkers and follow-up modalities aimed to improve the outcome of PanNEN patients. Liquid biopsy follow-up, i.e., sequential analysis on tumor biomarkers in body fluids offers a great potential, that need to be substantiated by additional studies focusing on the specific markers and the timing of the analyses. This review provides the most updated panorama on PanNEN biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bocchini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabio Nicolini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Units, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grassi
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiometabolic Units, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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18
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Characterization of the Menin-MLL Interaction as Therapeutic Cancer Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010201. [PMID: 31947537 PMCID: PMC7016952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the interaction of menin with the histone methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A) has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. Beneficial therapeutic effects have been postulated in leukemia, prostate, breast, liver and in synovial sarcoma models. In those indications, MLL1 recruitment by menin was described to critically regulate the expression of disease associated genes. However, most findings so far rely on single study reports. Here we independently evaluated the pathogenic functions of the menin-MLL interaction in a large set of different cancer models with a potent and selective probe inhibitor BAY-155. We characterized the inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction for anti-proliferation, gene transcription effects, and for efficacy in several in vivo xenografted tumor models. We found a specific therapeutic activity of BAY-155 primarily in AML/ALL models. In solid tumors, we observed anti-proliferative effects of BAY-155 in a surprisingly limited fraction of cell line models. These findings were further validated in vivo. Overall, our study using a novel, highly selective and potent inhibitor, shows that the menin-MLL interaction is not essential for the survival of most solid cancer models. We can confirm that disrupting the menin-MLL complex has a selective therapeutic benefit in MLL-fused leukemia. In solid cancers, effects are restricted to single models and more limited than previously claimed.
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19
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Nuñez JE, Donadio M, Filho DR, Rego JF, Barros M, Formiga MN, Lopez R, Riechelmann R. The efficacy of everolimus and sunitinib in patients with sporadic or germline mutated metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:645-651. [PMID: 31392045 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.01.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperactivation of mTOR pathway and angiogenesis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of mTOR, and sunitinib, an antiangiogenic drug, are effective targeted therapies approved to treat locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Most pNETs are sporadic and mutations in genes involved directly or indirectly in mTOR pathway regulation have been implicated, including somatic mutation in MEN1 in 44% of cases. About 10% of pNETs can be part of hereditary syndromes, e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL), and these patients are underrepresented in pivotal phase III trials. We hypothesized that everolimus would be particularly effective in patients with MEN1-associated pNETs. Likewise, we inferred that sunitinib would also be beneficial to patients with VHL-associated pNETs. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective and comparative study to assess the efficacy of everolimus and/or sunitinib in a cohort of patients with advanced pNETs with or without known MEN1 or VHL syndrome. The evaluation of the germline mutational status of VHL and MEN1 genes was retrospectively collected from the medical records. The primary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) of patients who received at least one month of sunitinib or everolimus in monotherapy. Results Thirty-three patients were identified from September 2009 to April 2018. Most were male 60.6%. Median Ki67 was 9%, liver metastases were present in 97%. The majority of tumors were non-functioning. Thirty-one patients received everolimus, of them 8 patients had germline mutations (6 in MEN1 and 2 in VHL genes). Nine patients received sunitinib, of them 3 had germline mutation (2 in MEN1 and 1 in VHL genes). In a median follow up of 26 months, among everolimus-treated patients, mTTF and mPFS were numerically superior in patients with germline mutations compared with those with sporadic pNETs (mTTF: 16.1 vs. 9.9 months, P=0.888; mPFS: 33.1 vs. 12.3 months, P=0.383). The disease control rate with everolimus was numerically higher in favor of germline mutated tumors compared to sporadic ones (87.5% vs. 68.4%). Sunitinib was used by 1 patient with VHL syndrome, achieving a PFS of 17.6 months. In the subgroup of sporadic pNETs, sunitinib was used by 6 patients reaching a mPFS of 18 months (range, 5-25 months), predominantly in second line. Conclusions Our study suggests that everolimus may offer a prolonged tumor control in pNETS with germline mutations (MEN1 or VHL) compared to sporadic ones. The small number of patients and the retrospective nature of this study precludes any definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Eduardo Nuñez
- Medical Oncology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Medical Oncology Department, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Donadio
- Medical Oncology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Duilio Rocha Filho
- Clinical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Walter Cantidio, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Florinda Rego
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Milton Barros
- Medical Oncology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana Lopez
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Riechelmann
- Medical Oncology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Mafficini A, Scarpa A. Genetics and Epigenetics of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:506-536. [PMID: 30657883 PMCID: PMC6534496 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous regarding site of origin, biological behavior, and malignant potential. There has been a rapid increase in data publication during the last 10 years, mainly driven by high-throughput studies on pancreatic and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This review summarizes the present knowledge on genetic and epigenetic alterations. We integrated the available information from each compartment to give a pathway-based overview. This provided a summary of the critical alterations sustaining neoplastic cells. It also highlighted similarities and differences across anatomical locations and points that need further investigation. GEP-NENs include well-differentiated NETs and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). NENs are graded as G1, G2, or G3 based on mitotic count and/or Ki-67 labeling index, NECs are G3 by definition. The distinction between NETs and NECs is also linked to their genetic background, as TP53 and RB1 inactivation in NECs set them apart from NETs. A large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations have been reported. Recurrent changes have been traced back to a reduced number of core pathways, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In pancreatic tumors, chromatin remodeling/histone methylation and telomere alteration are also affected. However, also owing to the paucity of disease models, further research is necessary to fully integrate and functionalize data on deregulated pathways to recapitulate the large heterogeneity of behaviors displayed by these tumors. This is expected to impact diagnostics, prognostic stratification, and planning of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Center for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Center for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menin, a chromatin binding protein, interacts with various epigenetic regulators to regulate gene transcription, whereas forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor that can be regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Both menin and FOXO1 are crucial regulators of β-cell function and metabolism; however, whether or how they interplay to regulate β cells is not clear. METHODS To examine whether menin affects expression of FOXO1, we ectopically expressed menin complementary DNA and small hairpin RNA targeting menin via a retroviral vector in INS-1 cells. Western blotting was used to analyze protein levels. RESULTS Our current work shows that menin increases the expression of FOXO1. Menin stabilizes FOXO1 protein level in INS-1 cells, as shown by increased half-life of FOXO1 by menin expression. Moreover, menin represses ubiquitination of FOXO1 protein and AKT phosphorylation, We found that menin stabilizes FOXO1 by repressing FOXO1 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Because FOXO1 upregulates the menin gene transcription, our findings unravel a crucial menin and FOXO1 interplay, with menin and FOXO1 upregulating their expression reciprocally, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain menin and FOXO1 expression.
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22
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Razmara M, Monazzam A, Skogseid B. Reduced menin expression impairs rapamycin effects as evidenced by an increase in mTORC2 signaling and cell migration. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:64. [PMID: 30285764 PMCID: PMC6167842 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of various cellular responses by forming two functional complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTOR signaling is frequently dysregulated in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). mTOR inhibitors have been used in attempts to treat these lesions, and prolonged progression free survival has been recorded. If this holds true also for the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) associated PNETs is yet unclear. We investigated the relationship between expression of the MEN1 protein menin and mTOR signaling in the presence or absence of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Methods In addition to use of menin wild type and menin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), menin was silenced by siRNA in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line BON-1. Panels of protein phosphorylation, as activation markers downstream of PI3k-mTOR-Akt pathways, as well as menin expression were evaluated by immunoblotting. The impact of menin expression in the presence and absence of rapamycin was determinate upon Wound healing, migration and proliferation in MEFs and BON1 cells. Results PDGF-BB markedly increased phosphorylation of mTORC2 substrate Akt, at serine 473 (S473) and threonine 450 (T450) in menin−/− MEFs but did not alter phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates ribosomal protein S6 or eIF4B. Acute rapamycin treatment by mTORC1-S6 inhibition caused a greater enhancement of Akt phosphorylation on S473 in menin−/− cells as compared to menin+/+ MEFs (116% vs 38%). Chronic rapamycin treatment, which inhibits both mTORC1and 2, reduced Akt phosphorylation of S473 to a lesser extent in menin−/− MEFs than menin+/+ MEFs (25% vs 75%). Silencing of menin expression in human PNET cell line (BON1) also enhanced Akt phosphorylation at S473, but not activation of mTORC1. Interestingly, silencing menin in BON1 cells elevated S473 phosphorylation of Akt in both acute and chronic treatments with rapamycin. Finally, we show that the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on serum mediated wound healing and cell migration is impaired in menin−/− MEFs, as well as in menin-silenced BON1 cells. Conclusions Menin is involved in regulatory mechanism between the two mTOR complexes, and its reduced expression is accompanied with increased mTORC2-Akt signaling, which consequently impairs anti-migratory effect of rapamycin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0278-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Razmara
- Department of medical sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Azita Monazzam
- Department of medical sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Britt Skogseid
- Department of medical sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Stevenson M, Lines KE, Thakker RV. Molecular Genetic Studies of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Therapeutic Approaches. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018; 47:525-548. [PMID: 30098714 PMCID: PMC7614857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) arise sporadically or as part of familial syndromes. Genetic studies of hereditary syndromes and whole exome sequencing analysis of sporadic NETs have revealed the roles of some genes involved in PNET tumorigenesis. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene is most commonly mutated. Its encoded protein, menin, has roles in transcriptional regulation, genome stability, DNA repair, protein degradation, cell motility and adhesion, microRNA biogenesis, cell division, cell cycle control, and epigenetic regulation. Therapies targeting epigenetic regulation and MEN1 gene replacement have been reported to be effective in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stevenson
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Kate E Lines
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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24
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Suzuki J, Yamada T, Inoue K, Nabe S, Kuwahara M, Takemori N, Takemori A, Matsuda S, Kanoh M, Imai Y, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. The tumor suppressor menin prevents effector CD8 T-cell dysfunction by targeting mTORC1-dependent metabolic activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3296. [PMID: 30120246 PMCID: PMC6098065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While menin plays an important role in preventing T-cell dysfunction, such as senescence and exhaustion, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We found that menin prevents the induction of dysfunction in activated CD8 T cells by restricting the cellular metabolism. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis are augmented by menin deficiency. Rapamycin treatment prevents CD8 T-cell dysfunction in menin-deficient CD8 T cells. Limited glutamine availability also prevents CD8 T-cell dysfunction induced by menin deficiency, and its inhibitory effect is antagonized by α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate metabolite of glutaminolysis. α-KG-dependent histone H3K27 demethylation seems to be involved in the dysfunction in menin-deficient CD8 T cells. We also found that α-KG activates mTORC1-dependent central carbon metabolism. These findings suggest that menin maintains the T-cell functions by limiting mTORC 1 activity and subsequent cellular metabolism. T cells can alter their metabolism during activation and differentiation. Here the authors show that the tumor suppressor menin regulates CD8 T-cell fate via the modulation of central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shogo Nabe
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Department of Proteo-Medicine, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ayako Takemori
- Division of Proteomics Research, Department of Proteo-Medicine, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanoh
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Department of Translational Immunology, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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25
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Amair-Pinedo F, Matos I, Saurí T, Hernando J, Capdevila J. The Treatment Landscape and New Opportunities of Molecular Targeted Therapies in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Target Oncol 2018; 12:757-774. [PMID: 29143176 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that originate from neuroendocrine stem cells and express both neural and endocrine markers. They are found in almost every organ, and while NENs are mostly associated with slow growth, complications due to the uncontrolled secretion of active peptides, and metastatic disease, may significantly impair the quality of life and can ultimately lead to the death of affected individuals. Expanding knowledge of the genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic landscapes of NENs has led to a better understanding of their molecular pathology and consequently increased treatment options for patients. Here, we review the principal breakthroughs in NEN treatment management, owing largely to omics technologies over the last few years, current recommendations of systemic treatment, and ongoing research into the identification of predictive and response biomarkers based on molecular targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Matos
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamara Saurí
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernando
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Capdevila
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. .,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Khatami F, Tavangar SM. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes from Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918785129. [PMID: 30013307 PMCID: PMC6043927 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918785129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are infrequent inherited disorders in which more than one endocrine glands develop noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) tumors or grow excessively without forming tumors. There are 3 famous and well-known forms of MEN syndromes (MEN 1, MEN 2A, and MEN 2B) and a newly documented one (MEN4). These syndromes are infrequent and occurred in all ages and both men and women. Usually, germ line mutations that can be resulted in neoplastic transformation of anterior pituitary, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islets in addition to gastrointestinal tract can be an indicator for MEN1. The medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in association with pheochromocytoma and/or multiple lesions of parathyroid glands with hyperparathyroidism can be pointer of MEN2 which can be subgrouped into the MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial MTC syndromes. There are no distinct biochemical markers that allow identification of familial versus nonfamilial forms of the tumors, but familial MTC usually happens at a younger age than sporadic MTC. The MEN1 gene (menin protein) is in charge of MEN 1 disease, CDNK1B for MEN 4, and RET proto-oncogene for MEN 2. The focus over the molecular targets can bring some hope for both diagnosis and management of MEN syndromes. In the current review, we look at this disease and responsible genes and their cell signaling pathway involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Katabathina VS, Rikhtehgar OY, Dasyam AK, Manickam R, Prasad SR. Genetics of Pancreatic Neoplasms and Role of Screening. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018; 26:375-389. [PMID: 30376976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a wide spectrum of pancreatic neoplasms with characteristic genetic abnormalities, tumor pathways, and histopathology that primarily determine tumor biology, treatment response, and prognosis. Although most pancreatic tumors are sporadic, 10% of neoplasms occur in the setting of distinct hereditary syndromes. Detailed studies of these rare syndromes have allowed researchers to identify a myriad of specific genetic signatures of pancreatic tumors. A better understanding of tumor genomics may have significant clinical implications in the diagnosis and management of patients with pancreatic tumors. Evolving knowledge has paved the way to screening paradigms and protocols in individuals at higher risk of developing pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Katabathina
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Omid Y Rikhtehgar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anil K Dasyam
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rohan Manickam
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler street, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Prasad
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler street, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Svoboda LK, Teh SSK, Sud S, Kerk S, Zebolsky A, Treichel S, Thomas D, Halbrook CJ, Lee HJ, Kremer D, Zhang L, Klossowski S, Bankhead AR, Magnuson B, Ljungman M, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Lyssiotis CA, Lawlor ER. Menin regulates the serine biosynthetic pathway in Ewing sarcoma. J Pathol 2018; 245:324-336. [PMID: 29672864 DOI: 10.1002/path.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental transcription programs are epigenetically regulated by multi-protein complexes, including the menin- and MLL-containing trithorax (TrxG) complexes, which promote gene transcription by depositing the H3K4me3 activating mark at target gene promoters. We recently reported that in Ewing sarcoma, MLL1 (lysine methyltransferase 2A, KMT2A) and menin are overexpressed and function as oncogenes. Small molecule inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction leads to loss of menin and MLL1 protein expression, and to inhibition of growth and tumorigenicity. Here, we have investigated the mechanistic basis of menin-MLL-mediated oncogenic activity in Ewing sarcoma. Bromouridine sequencing (Bru-seq) was performed to identify changes in nascent gene transcription in Ewing sarcoma cells, following exposure to the menin-MLL interaction inhibitor MI-503. Menin-MLL inhibition resulted in early and widespread reprogramming of metabolic processes. In particular, the serine biosynthetic pathway (SSP) was the pathway most significantly affected by MI-503 treatment. Baseline expression of SSP genes and proteins (PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH), and metabolic flux through the SSP were confirmed to be high in Ewing sarcoma. In addition, inhibition of PHGDH resulted in reduced cell proliferation, viability, and tumor growth in vivo, revealing a key dependency of Ewing sarcoma on the SSP. Loss of function studies validated a mechanistic link between menin and the SSP. Specifically, inhibition of menin resulted in diminished expression of SSP genes, reduced H3K4me3 enrichment at the PHGDH promoter, and complete abrogation of de novo serine and glycine biosynthesis, as demonstrated by metabolic tracing studies with 13 C-labeled glucose. These data demonstrate that the SSP is highly active in Ewing sarcoma and that its oncogenic activation is maintained, at least in part, by menin-dependent epigenetic mechanisms involving trithorax complexes. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Selina Shiqing K Teh
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sudha Sud
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Samuel Kerk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Zebolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney Treichel
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Kremer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Szymon Klossowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Armand R Bankhead
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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29
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Camilli M, Papadimitriou K, Nogueira A, Incorvaia L, Galvano A, D'Antonio F, Ferri J, Santini D, Silvestris N, Russo A, Peeters M, Rolfo C. Molecular profiling of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETS) and the clinical potential. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:471-478. [PMID: 29629846 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1463157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) represent a small part of pancreatic neoplasms, and the knowledge about their indolent clinical course remains a subject of investigation. They occur sporadically or as part of familial cancer syndromes and are classified by WHO in 3 categories. There is ongoing research to understand their molecular profiling and leading mutations. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to clarify the overall aspects of tumorigenesis, to expose the latest developments in understanding the course of the disease and the possible therapeutic implications of these. The review also discusses functional and non-functional pNETs and associated inherited syndromes as well as pNET molecular profiling and its possible guidance in the use of targeted therapy. Expert commentary: In the next decade, a more extensive application of new technologies will help improve quality of life and survival, individualizing treatment protocols and identifying which therapeutic strategy is more suitable for each kind of NET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Nogueira
- c Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department , Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research (CORE) , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- d Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- d Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Federica D'Antonio
- a Department of Oncology , University Campus Biomedico of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Jose Ferri
- c Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department , Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research (CORE) , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Daniele Santini
- c Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department , Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research (CORE) , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- e Medical Oncology Department , Oncological institute Giovanni Paolo II , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- d Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Marc Peeters
- b Oncology Department , Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- c Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department , Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research (CORE) , Antwerp , Belgium
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30
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Miller CA, Dahiya S, Li T, Fulton RS, Smyth MD, Dunn GP, Rubin JB, Mardis ER. Resistance-promoting effects of ependymoma treatment revealed through genomic analysis of multiple recurrences in a single patient. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002444. [PMID: 29440180 PMCID: PMC5880262 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As in other brain tumors, multiple recurrences after complete resection and irradiation of supratentorial ependymoma are common and frequently result in patient death. This standard-of-care treatment was established in the pregenomic era without the ability to evaluate the effect that mutagenic therapies may exert on tumor evolution and in promoting resistance, recurrence, and death. We seized a rare opportunity to characterize treatment effects and the evolution of a single patient's ependymoma across four recurrences after different therapies. A combination of high-depth whole-genome and exome-based DNA sequencing of germline and tumor specimens, RNA sequencing of tumor specimens, and advanced computational analyses were used. Treatment with radiation and chemotherapies resulted in a substantial increase in mutational burden and diversification of the tumor subclonal architecture without eradication of the founding clone. Notable somatic alterations included a MEN1 driver, several epigenetic modifiers, and therapy-induced mutations that impacted multiple other cancer-relevant pathways and altered the neoantigen landscape. These genomic data provided new mechanistic insights into the genesis of ependymoma and pathways of resistance. They also revealed that radiation and chemotherapy were significant forces in shaping the increased subclonal complexity of each tumor recurrence while also failing to eradicate the founding clone. This raises the question of whether standard-of-care treatments have similar consequences in other patients with ependymoma and other types of brain tumors. If so, the perspective obtained by real-time genomic characterization of a tumor may be essential for making effective patient-specific and adaptive clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Smyth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) might occur as a non-familial isolated endocrinopathy or as part of a complex hereditary syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). MEN1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of PNETs with tumours of the parathyroids and anterior pituitary. Treatments for primary PNETs include surgery. Treatments for non-resectable PNETs and metastases include biotherapy (for example, somatostatin analogues, inhibitors of receptors and monoclonal antibodies), chemotherapy and radiological therapy. All these treatments are effective for PNETs in patients without MEN1; however, there is a scarcity of clinical trials reporting the efficacy of the same treatments of PNETs in patients with MEN1. Treatment of PNETs in patients with MEN1 is challenging owing to the concomitant development of other tumours, which might have metastasized. In recent years, preclinical studies have identified potential new therapeutic targets for treating MEN1-associated neuroendocrine tumours (including PNETs), and these include epigenetic modification, the β-catenin-wingless (WNT) pathway, Hedgehog signalling, somatostatin receptors and MEN1 gene replacement therapy. This Review discusses these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Frost
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
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Lamberti G, Brighi N, Maggio I, Manuzzi L, Peterle C, Ambrosini V, Ricci C, Casadei R, Campana D. The Role of mTOR in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Future Cornerstone of a Winning Strategy? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030747. [PMID: 29509701 PMCID: PMC5877608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is part of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AkT)/mTOR pathway and owes its name to the inhibitory effect of rapamycin. The mTOR has a central converging role for many cell functions, serving as a sensor for extracellular signals from energy status and nutrients availability, growth factors, oxygen and stress. Thus, it also modulates switch to anabolic processes (protein and lipid synthesis) and autophagy, in order to regulate cell growth and proliferation. Given its functions in the cell, its deregulation is implicated in many human diseases, including cancer. Its predominant role in tumorigenesis and progression of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), in particular, has been demonstrated in preclinical studies and late clinical trials. mTOR inhibition by everolimus is an established therapeutic target in NETs, but there are no identified predictive or prognostic factors. This review is focused on the role of mTOR and everolimus in NETs, from preclinical studies to major clinical trials, and future perspectives involving mTOR in the treatment of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Maggio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lisa Manuzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Peterle
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ambrosini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Medicina Nucleare Metropolitana, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Casadei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Campana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Prognostic and predictive role of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:561-569. [PMID: 29124519 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are considered a heterogeneous and rare entity. Its natural history is influenced by multiple clinicopathological characteristics, which guide the management of these patients. The development of molecular biology reveals that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway plays a relevant role in tumorigenesis and progression of NENs. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, targeted agents that block this pathway, has improved outcomes in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Different therapeutic approaches, such as somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and targeted agents, have shown benefits in the treatment of NETs. However, there are not any established prognostic or predictive biomarkers to select the best therapy option to individualize treatment. Although a relation between alterations in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and clinical outcomes has not been found, these anomalies are considered attractive biomarkers. Additional molecular analysis should be integrated in future clinical trials' design to identify potential predictive or prognostic biomarkers.
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Agarwal SK. The future: genetics advances in MEN1 therapeutic approaches and management strategies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T119-T134. [PMID: 28899949 PMCID: PMC5679100 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in 1997 has shown that germline heterozygous mutations in the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 predisposes to the development of tumors in the MEN1 syndrome. Tumor development occurs upon loss of the remaining normal copy of the MEN1 gene in MEN1-target tissues. Therefore, MEN1 is a classic tumor suppressor gene in the context of MEN1. This tumor suppressor role of the protein encoded by the MEN1 gene, menin, holds true in mouse models with germline heterozygous Men1 loss, wherein MEN1-associated tumors develop in adult mice after spontaneous loss of the remaining non-targeted copy of the Men1 gene. The availability of genetic testing for mutations in the MEN1 gene has become an essential part of the diagnosis and management of MEN1. Genetic testing is also helping to exclude mutation-negative cases in MEN1 families from the burden of lifelong clinical screening. In the past 20 years, efforts of various groups world-wide have been directed at mutation analysis, molecular genetic studies, mouse models, gene expression studies, epigenetic regulation analysis, biochemical studies and anti-tumor effects of candidate therapies in mouse models. This review will focus on the findings and advances from these studies to identify MEN1 germline and somatic mutations, the genetics of MEN1-related states, several protein partners of menin, the three-dimensional structure of menin and menin-dependent target genes. The ongoing impact of all these studies on disease prediction, management and outcomes will continue in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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35
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Feng Z, Ma J, Hua X. Epigenetic regulation by the menin pathway. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T147-T159. [PMID: 28811300 PMCID: PMC5612327 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a trend of increasing prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and the inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome serves as a genetic model to investigate how NETs develop and the underlying mechanisms. Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, at least partly acts as a scaffold protein by interacting with multiple partners to regulate cellular homeostasis of various endocrine organs. Menin has multiple functions including regulation of several important signaling pathways by controlling gene transcription. Here, we focus on reviewing the recent progress in elucidating the key biochemical role of menin in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and cell signaling, as well as posttranslational regulation of menin itself. In particular, we will review the progress in studying structural and functional interactions of menin with various histone modifiers and transcription factors such as MLL, PRMT5, SUV39H1 and other transcription factors including c-Myb and JunD. Moreover, the role of menin in regulating cell signaling pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt and Hedgehog, as well as miRNA biogenesis and processing will be described. Further, the regulation of the MEN1 gene transcription, posttranslational modifications and stability of menin protein will be reviewed. These various modes of regulation by menin as well as regulation of menin by various biological factors broaden the view regarding how menin controls various biological processes in neuroendocrine organ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer BiologyAbramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer BiologyAbramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary BiotechnologyHarbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer BiologyAbramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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36
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Li H, Liu X, Wang Z, Lin X, Yan Z, Cao Q, Zhao M, Shi K. MEN1/Menin regulates milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in mammary epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5479. [PMID: 28710500 PMCID: PMC5511157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The MEN1 gene, which encodes the protein Menin, was investigated for its regulatory role in milk protein synthesis in mammary glands. Menin responds to nutrient and hormone levels via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Bovine mammary epithelial cells and tissues were used as experimental models in this study. The results revealed that the milk protein synthesis capacity of mammary epithelial cells could be regulated by MEN1/Menin. The overexpression of Menin caused significant suppression of factors involved in the mTOR pathway, as well as milk protein κ-casein (CSNK). In contrast, a significant increase in these factors and CSNK was observed upon MEN1/Menin knockdown. The repression of MEN1/Menin on the mTOR pathway was also observed in mammary gland tissues. Additionally, MEN1/Menin was found to elicit a negative response on prolactin (PRL) and/or insulin (INS), which caused a similar downstream impact on mTOR pathway factors and milk proteins. Collectively, our data indicate that MEN1/Menin could play a regulatory role in milk protein synthesis through mTOR signaling in the mammary gland by mediating the effects of hormones and nutrient status. The discovery of Menin's role in mammary glands suggests Menin could be potential new target for the improvement of milk performance and adjustment of lactation period of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Cao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Kerong Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.
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37
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Ehrlich L, Hall C, Meng F, Lairmore T, Alpini G, Glaser S. A Review of the Scaffold Protein Menin and its Role in Hepatobiliary Pathology. Gene Expr 2017; 17:251-263. [PMID: 28485270 PMCID: PMC5765438 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x695744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial cancer syndrome with neuroendocrine tumorigenesis of the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreatic islet cells. The MEN1 gene codes for the canonical tumor suppressor protein, menin. Its protein structure has recently been crystallized, and it has been investigated in a multitude of other tissues. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the structure of the menin protein and its function as a scaffold protein in histone modification and epigenetic gene regulation. Furthermore, we explore its role in hepatobiliary autoimmune diseases, cancers, and metabolic diseases. In particular, we discuss how menin expression and function are regulated by extracellular signaling factors and nuclear receptor activation in various hepatic cell types. How the many signaling pathways and tissue types affect menin's diverse functions is not fully understood. We show that small-molecule inhibitors affecting menin function can shed light on menin's broad role in pathophysiology and elucidate distinct menin-dependent processes. This review reveals menin's often dichotomous function through analysis of its role in multiple disease processes and could potentially lead to novel small-molecule therapies in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma or biliary autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ehrlich
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Chad Hall
- †Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Terry Lairmore
- †Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- *Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- §Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
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38
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Menin regulates Inhbb expression through an Akt/Ezh2-mediated H3K27 histone modification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:427-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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39
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Scarpa A, Chang DK, Nones K, Corbo V, Patch AM, Bailey P, Lawlor RT, Johns AL, Miller DK, Mafficini A, Rusev B, Scardoni M, Antonello D, Barbi S, Sikora KO, Cingarlini S, Vicentini C, McKay S, Quinn MCJ, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, McLean S, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Wilson PJ, Anderson MJ, Fink JL, Newell F, Waddell N, Holmes O, Kazakoff SH, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Nagaraj SH, Amato E, Dalai I, Bersani S, Cataldo I, Dei Tos AP, Capelli P, Davì MV, Landoni L, Malpaga A, Miotto M, Whitehall VLJ, Leggett BA, Harris JL, Harris J, Jones MD, Humphris J, Chantrill LA, Chin V, Nagrial AM, Pajic M, Scarlett CJ, Pinho A, Rooman I, Toon C, Wu J, Pinese M, Cowley M, Barbour A, Mawson A, Humphrey ES, Colvin EK, Chou A, Lovell JA, Jamieson NB, Duthie F, Gingras MC, Fisher WE, Dagg RA, Lau LMS, Lee M, Pickett HA, Reddel RR, Samra JS, Kench JG, Merrett ND, Epari K, Nguyen NQ, Zeps N, Falconi M, Simbolo M, Butturini G, Van Buren G, Partelli S, Fassan M, Khanna KK, Gill AJ, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Musgrove EA, Bassi C, Tortora G, Pederzoli P, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Biankin AV, Grimmond SM. Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Nature 2017; 543:65-71. [PMID: 28199314 DOI: 10.1038/nature21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) is increasing owing to more sensitive detection methods, and this increase is creating challenges for clinical management. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 102 primary PanNETs and defined the genomic events that characterize their pathogenesis. Here we describe the mutational signatures they harbour, including a deficiency in G:C > T:A base excision repair due to inactivation of MUTYH, which encodes a DNA glycosylase. Clinically sporadic PanNETs contain a larger-than-expected proportion of germline mutations, including previously unreported mutations in the DNA repair genes MUTYH, CHEK2 and BRCA2. Together with mutations in MEN1 and VHL, these mutations occur in 17% of patients. Somatic mutations, including point mutations and gene fusions, were commonly found in genes involved in four main pathways: chromatin remodelling, DNA damage repair, activation of mTOR signalling (including previously undescribed EWSR1 gene fusions), and telomere maintenance. In addition, our gene expression analyses identified a subgroup of tumours associated with hypoxia and HIF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Amber L Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Scardoni
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Davide Antonello
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Katarzyna O Sikora
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Skye McKay
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne McLean
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shivashankar Hiriyur Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eliana Amato
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Irene Dalai
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Samantha Bersani
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Angelo P Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Davì
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Landoni
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Anna Malpaga
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Marco Miotto
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Janelle L Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Harris
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marc D Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jeremy Humphris
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A Chantrill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Environmental &Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Andreia Pinho
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ilse Rooman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher Toon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mark Pinese
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Woollongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily S Humphrey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology. St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica A Lovell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 OSF, UK
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Greater Glasgow &Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dagg
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Lee
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2175, Australia
| | - Krishna Epari
- Department of Surgery, Fremantle Hospital, Alma Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia
| | - Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nikolajs Zeps
- School of Surgery M507, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- St John of God Pathology, 12 Salvado Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
- Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Butturini
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and The Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pederzoli
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Brisbane 4006, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Despite its identification in 1997, the functions of the MEN1 gene-the main gene underlying multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome-are not yet fully understood. In addition, unlike the RET-MEN2 causative gene-no hot-spot mutational areas or genotype-phenotype correlations have been identified. More than 1,300 MEN1 gene mutations have been reported and are mostly "private" (family specific). Even when mutations are shared at an intra- or inter-familial level, the spectrum of clinical presentation is highly variable, even in identical twins. Despite these inherent limitations for genetic counseling, identifying MEN1 mutations in individual carriers offers them the opportunity to have lifelong clinical surveillance schemes aimed at revealing MEN1-associated tumors and lesions, dictates the timing and scope of surgical procedures, and facilitates specific mutation analysis of relatives to define presymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falchetti
- EndOsMet Unit, Villa Donatello, Piazzale Donatello 2, Florence 50100, Italy; Hercolani Clinical Center, Via D'Azeglio 46, Bologna 40136, Italy
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41
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He X, Wang L, Yan J, Yuan C, Witze ES, Hua X. Menin localization in cell membrane compartment. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:114-22. [PMID: 26560942 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin is encoded by the MEN1 gene, which is mutated in an inherited human syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1). Menin is primarily nuclear protein, acting as a tumor suppressor in endocrine organs, but as an oncogenic factor in the mixed lineage leukemia, in a tissue-specific manner. Recently, the crystal structures of menin with different binding partners reveal menin as a key scaffold protein that functionally interacts with various partners to regulate gene transcription in the nucleus. However, outside the nucleus, menin also regulates multiple signaling pathways that traverse the cell surface membrane. The precise nature regarding to how menin associates with the membrane fraction is poorly understood. Here we show that a small fraction of menin associates with the cell membrane fraction likely via serine palmitoylation. Moreover, the majority of the membrane-associated menin may reside inside membrane vesicles, as menin is protected from trypsin-mediated proteolysis, but disruption of the membrane fraction using detergent abolishes the detection. Consistently, cellular staining for menin also reveals the distribution of menin in the cell membrane and the punctate-like cell organelles. Our findings suggest that part of intracellular menin associates with the cell membrane peripherally as well as resides within the membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Lei Wang
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA.,d Department of Urology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430060 , Hubei , China
| | - Jizhou Yan
- b Department of Biology and Biotechnology , Shanghai Ocean University , 999 Hucheng Ring Rd Lingang New City, Shanghai , 201306 , China
| | - Chaoxing Yuan
- c The Proteomics and Systems Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Eric S Witze
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Xianxin Hua
- a Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
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42
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Yamada T, Kanoh M, Nabe S, Yasuoka T, Suzuki J, Matsumoto A, Kuwahara M, Maruyama S, Fujimoto T, Sakisuka R, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. Menin Plays a Critical Role in the Regulation of the Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response upon Listeria Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4079-4089. [PMID: 27798149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Menin, a tumor suppressor protein, is encoded by the MEN1 gene in humans. Certain germinal mutations of MEN1 induce an autosomal-dominant syndrome that is characterized by concurrent parathyroid adenomas and several other tumor types. Although menin is also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, its role in CD8+ T cells remains unclear. We generated Meninflox/flox CD4-Cre (Menin-KO) mice by crossing Meninflox/flox mice with CD4-Cre transgenic (Tg) mice to determine the role of menin in CD8+ T cells. Wild-type (WT) and Menin-KO mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA to analyze the immune response of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Menin deficiency resulted in an impaired primary immune response by CD8+ T cells. On day 7, there were fewer Menin-KO OVA-specific CD8+ T cells compared with WT cells. Next, we adoptively transferred WT and Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells into congenic recipient mice and infected them with L. monocytogenes expressing OVA to determine the CD8+ T cell-intrinsic effect. Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells were outcompeted by the WT cells upon infection. Increased expression of Blimp-1 and T-bet, cell cycle inhibitors, and proapoptotic genes was observed in the Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells upon infection. These data suggest that menin inhibits differentiation into terminal effectors and positively controls proliferation and survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells that are activated upon infection. Collectively, our study uncovered an important role for menin in the immune response of CD8+ T cells to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kanoh
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shogo Nabe
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yasuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Saho Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakisuka
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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43
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Maia MC, Muniz Lourenço Jr. D, Riechelmann R. Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of Everolimus in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I: Case Report. Oncol Res Treat 2016; 39:643-645. [DOI: 10.1159/000448699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Trivellin G, Stratakis CA. MEN1, MEN4, and Carney Complex: Pathology and Molecular Genetics. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:18-31. [PMID: 25592387 PMCID: PMC4497946 DOI: 10.1159/000371819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are a common feature of a subset of endocrine neoplasia syndromes, which have otherwise highly variable disease manifestations. We provide here a review of the clinical features and human molecular genetics of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 and 4 (MEN1 and MEN4, respectively) and Carney complex (CNC). MEN1, MEN4, and CNC are hereditary autosomal dominant syndromes that can present with pituitary adenomas. MEN1 is caused by inactivating mutations in the MEN1 gene, whose product menin is involved in multiple intracellular pathways contributing to transcriptional control and cell proliferation. MEN1 clinical features include primary hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and prolactinomas as well as other pituitary adenomas. A subset of patients with pituitary adenomas and other MEN1 features have mutations in the CDKN1B gene; their disease has been called MEN4. Inactivating mutations in the type 1α regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA; the PRKAR1A gene), that lead to dysregulation and activation of the PKA pathway, are the main genetic cause of CNC, which is clinically characterised by primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, spotty skin pigmentation (lentigines), cardiac and other myxomas and acromegaly due to somatotropinomas or somatotrope hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Helene Schernthaner-Reiter
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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45
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Menin immunoreactivity in secretory granules of human pancreatic islet cells. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 22:748-55. [PMID: 25153502 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The protein product of the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I (MEN1) gene is thought to be involved in predominantly nuclear functions; however, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis data on cellular localization are conflicting. To further investigate menin expression, we analyzed human pancreas (an MEN1 target organ) using IHC analyses and 6 antibodies raised against full-length menin or its peptides. In 10 normal pancreas specimens, 2 independently raised antibodies showed unexpected cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in peripheral cells in each islet examined (over 100 total across all 10 patients). The staining exhibited a distinct punctate pattern and subsequent immunoelectron microscopy indicated the target antigen was in secretory granules. Exocrine pancreas and pancreatic stroma were not immunoreactive. In MEN1 patients, unaffected islets stained similar to those in normal samples but with a more peripheral location of positive cells, whereas hyperplastic islets and tumorlets showed increased and diffuse cytoplasmic staining, respectively. Endocrine tumors from MEN1 patients were negative for menin, consistent with a 2-hit loss of a tumor suppressor gene. Secretory granule localization of menin in a subset of islet cells suggests a function of the protein unique to a target organ of familial endocrine neoplasia, although the IHC data must be interpreted with some caution because of the possibility of antibody cross-reaction. The identity, cellular trafficking, and role of this putative secretory granule-form of menin warrant additional investigation.
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46
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Capurso G, Archibugi L, Delle Fave G. Molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapy of sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2015; 22:594-601. [PMID: 25619712 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, knowledge regarding the molecular pathology of sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has increased substantially, and a number of targeted agents have been tested in clinical trials in this tumor type. For some of these agents there is a strong biological rationale. Among them, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor Everolimus and the antiangiogenic agent Sunitinib have both been approved for the treatment of PNETs. However, there is lack of knowledge regarding biomarkers able to predict their efficacy, and mechanisms of resistance. Other angiogenesis inhibitors, such as Pazopanib, inhibitors of Src, Hedgehog or of PI3K might all be useful in association or sequence with approved agents. On the other hand, the clinical significance, and potential for treatment of the most common mutations occurring in sporadic PNETs, in the MEN-1 gene and in ATRX and DAXX, remains uncertain. The present paper reviews the main molecular changes occurring in PNETs and how they might be linked with treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome at S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome at S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Delle Fave
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome at S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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47
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Halperin DM, Kulke MH, Yao JC. A tale of two tumors: treating pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Annu Rev Med 2014; 66:1-16. [PMID: 25341008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-061813-012908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite their perceived rarity, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rising in incidence and prevalence. The biology, natural history, and therapeutic options for GEP-NETs are heterogeneous: NETs arising in the pancreas can be distinguished from those arising elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract, and therapy is dichotomized between these two groups. Somatostatin analogues are the mainstay of oncologic management of bowel NETs; everolimus, streptozocin, and sunitinib are approved to treat pancreatic NETs. There are significant differences in molecular genetics between pancreatic and extrapancreatic NETs, and studies are evaluating whether additional NET patients may benefit from targeted agents. We discuss the distinguishing features of these two groups of tumors, as well as the therapeutic implications of the distinction. We also examine the evolving therapeutic landscape and discuss the likelihood that treatment will be developed independently for pancreatic and extrapancreatic gastrointestinal NETs, with novel therapeutics effective for newly identified pathologically or molecularly defined subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Halperin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; ,
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48
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Li Y, Li W, Zhang JG, Li HY, Li YM. Downregulation of tumor suppressor menin by miR-421 promotes proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10011-7. [PMID: 25012242 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, featured by a high rate of spontaneous remissions, is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in infants and children. Numerous reports have demonstrated that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in cancer progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. miR-421 functions as an onco-miR in some malignancies. However, its role in neuroblastoma remains poorly understood. In the present study, we found that miR-421 was increased in neuroblastoma tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues. Forced overexpression of miR-421 substantially enhanced cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, migration, and invasion of neuroblastoma cells. At the molecular level, tumor suppressor menin was found to be a target of miR-421. Furthermore, downregulation of menin by small interfering RNA oligos exhibited similar effects with overexpression of miR-421. On the other hand, overexpression of menin partially reversed the proliferative effects of miR-421 in neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, miR-421 may promote neuroblastoma cell growth and motility partially by targeting menin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450003, China,
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49
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Meeker A, Heaphy C. Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 386:101-20. [PMID: 23906538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are relatively uncommon; comprising approximately 0.5% of all human cancers. Although they often exhibit relatively indolent clinical courses, GEP-NETs have the potential for lethal progression. Due to their scarcity and various technical challenges, GEP-NETs have been understudied. As a consequence, we have few diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for these tumors. Early detection and surgical removal is currently the only reliable curative treatment for GEP-NET patients; many of whom, unfortunately, present with advanced disease. Here, we review the genetics and epigenetics of GEP-NETs. The last few years have witnessed unprecedented technological advances in these fields, and their application to GEP-NETS has already led to important new information on the molecular abnormalities underlying them. As outlined here, we expect that "omics" studies will provide us with new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, inform the development of improved pre-clinical models, and identify novel therapeutic targets for GEP-NET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Meeker
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bond Street Research Annex Bldg., Room B300, 411 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
| | - Christopher Heaphy
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bond Street Research Annex Bldg., Room B300, 411 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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Zaman S, Sukhodolets K, Wang P, Qin J, Levens D, Agarwal SK, Marx SJ. FBP1 Is an Interacting Partner of Menin. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:535401. [PMID: 25132853 PMCID: PMC4123598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/535401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a syndrome characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine tissues such as the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. MEN1 is usually caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene that codes for the protein menin. Menin interacts with proteins that regulate transcription, DNA repair and processing, and maintenance of cytoskeletal structure. We describe the identification of FBP1 as an interacting partner of menin in a large-scale pull-down assay that also immunoprecipitated RBBP5, ASH2, and LEDGF, which are members of complex proteins associated with SET1 (COMPASS), a protein complex that methylates histone H3. This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and Flag-pull-down assays. Furthermore, menin localized to the FUSE site on the MYC promoter, a site that is transactivated by FBP1. This investigation therefore places menin in a pathway that regulates MYC gene expression and has important implications for the biological function of menin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Zaman
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Sukhodolets
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Wang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Levens
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunita K. Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J. Marx
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- *Stephen J. Marx:
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