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Yu G, Liu R, Li J, Zhao G, Wang Y. The immunotherapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33617. [PMID: 39040340 PMCID: PMC11260923 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has significantly reduced the risk of recurrence and prolonged survival. Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in multiple solid tumors, but its effectiveness in GIST remains uncertain. Although early clinical studies indicate good tolerability of immunotherapy in patients, the efficacy is not as desired. Therefore, identifying the subset of GIST patients who benefit from immunotherapy and coordinating the relationship between immunotherapy and TKI treatment are crucial issues to be explored. In this review, we aims to provide a retrospective analysis of relevant literature and find that GIST patients exhibit a rich presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which play critical roles in the immune surveillance and evasion processes of tumors. This review incorporates a selection of 48 articles published between 2002 and 2023, sourced from PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- Liaoning Normal University Haihua College,Liaoning, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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Yu Y, Yu M, Luo L, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Chen Y, Lin Z, Chen M, Wang W. Molecular characteristics and immune microenvironment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: targets for therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405727. [PMID: 39070147 PMCID: PMC11272528 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours, arising mainly from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) of the gastrointestinal tract. As radiotherapy and chemotherapy are generally ineffective for GISTs, the current primary treatment is surgical resection. However, surgical resection is not choice for most patients. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Targeted therapy, represented by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T), offer new therapeutic options in GISTs and have shown promising treatment responses. In this review, we summarize the molecular classification and immune microenvironment of GISTs and discuss the corresponding targeted therapy and immunotherapy options. This updated knowledge may provide more options for future therapeutic strategies and applications in GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdie Yu
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiping Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeyu Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengnan Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kim HD, Ryu MH, Park YS, Yoo C, Kim SJ, Kang YK. Clinical and Biomarker Analysis of a Phase I/II Study of PDR001 Plus Imatinib for Advanced Treatment-Refractory Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2743-2750. [PMID: 38662455 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this phase Ib/II study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDR001, an anti-PD1 antibody, in combination with imatinib in patients with treatment-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced GIST whose disease had progressed on imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib were enrolled. In phase Ib, the standard 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme was applied. Intravenous administration of PDR001 at 400 mg for every 4 weeks plus imatinib (300 and 400 mg daily for dose levels I and II, respectively) was given. The primary outcome for phase II was the disease control rate at 12 weeks. Exploratory biomarker analysis was performed based on PDL1 IHC, next-generation sequencing, and multiplexed IHC. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the phase Ib part (n = 10), and dose level II was selected as the recommended phase II dose. In the phase II part (n = 29), there was no objective response, and the disease control rate at 12 weeks was 37.9%, not meeting the primary efficacy endpoint. For patients in phase Ib-dose level II and phase II (n = 36), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 2.3 and 9.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse event was anemia. Exploratory biomarker analysis indicated that a higher CD8+ T-cell density was associated with a favorable PFS but to a limited degree. Tumor mutational burden and PDL1 were not associated with better PFS. CONCLUSIONS In patients with treatment-refractory GIST, PDR001 in combination with imatinib was generally tolerable, but it was not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Ying T, Wu Y. Single-domain antibodies as therapeutics for solid tumor treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2854-2868. [PMID: 39027249 PMCID: PMC11252471 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), initially identified in camelids or sharks and commonly referred to as nanobodies or VNARs, have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional therapeutic antibodies. These sdAbs have many superior physicochemical and pharmacological properties, including small size, good solubility and thermostability, easier accessible epitopes, and strong tissue penetration. However, the inherent challenges associated with the animal origin of sdAbs limit their clinical use. In recent years, various innovative humanization technologies, including complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting or complete engineering of fully human sdAbs, have been developed to mitigate potential immunogenicity issues and enhance their compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of sdAbs, emphasizing their distinctive features and the progress in humanization methodologies. In addition, we provide an overview of the recent progress in developing drugs and therapeutic strategies based on sdAbs and their potential in solid tumor treatment, such as sdAb-drug conjugates, multispecific sdAbs, sdAb-based delivery systems, and sdAb-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China
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Hadfield MJ, Safran H, Purbhoo MA, Grossman JE, Buell JS, Carneiro BA. Overcoming resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade with allogeneic invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT). Oncogene 2024; 43:758-762. [PMID: 38281989 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the 5th most common malignancy worldwide with only 36% of patients with metastatic disease surviving beyond 5 years. Despite therapeutic improvements with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, most patients with gastric cancer develop disease progression related to tumor resistance. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches, including invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells, are in clinical development and represent potential therapeutic options to overcome resistance. AgenT-797 is an allogeneic human unmodified iNKT derived from healthy donors. Activation of iNKT cells by tumor lipid antigens can trigger direct cytotoxicity and promote indirect anti-tumor immune responses such as recruitment and activation of T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells through secretion of cytokines and IFNγ. We describe immune modulation leading to durable tumor response in a patient with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treated with agent-797 after progression on standard chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hadfield
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
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He S, Su L, Hu H, Liu H, Xiong J, Gong X, Chi H, Wu Q, Yang G. Immunoregulatory functions and therapeutic potential of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles in chronic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1328094. [PMID: 38239346 PMCID: PMC10795180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proven to play a significant immunoregulatory role in many chronic diseases, such as cancer and immune disorders. Among them, EVs derived from NK cells are an essential component of the immune cell functions. These EVs have been demonstrated to carry a variety of toxic proteins and nucleic acids derived from NK cells and play a therapeutic role in diseases like malignancies, liver fibrosis, and lung injury. However, natural NK-derived EVs (NKEVs) have certain limitations in disease treatment, such as low yield and poor targeting. Concurrently, NK cells exhibit characteristics of memory-like NK cells, which have stronger proliferative capacity, increased IFN-γ production, and enhanced cytotoxicity, making them more advantageous for disease treatment. Recent research has shifted its focus towards engineered extracellular vesicles and their potential to improve the efficiency, specificity, and safety of disease treatments. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of NK-derived EVs and the latest advancements in disease therapy. Specifically, we will compare different cellular sources of NKEVs and explore the current status and prospects of memory-like NK cell-derived EVs and engineered NKEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanqian Su
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiqi Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xiong
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Gong
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Nakamura T, Sasaki S, Sato Y, Harashima H. Cancer Immunotherapy with Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with a Stimulator of Interferon Genes Agonist against Renal Tumor Lung Metastasis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 38258042 PMCID: PMC10819482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis, and the major organ of metastasis is the lung. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is the first-line therapy, but the response rates are low. Thus, the development of a more effective immunotherapy against metastatic RCC would be highly desirable. We previously demonstrated how a stimulator of an interferon gene (STING) agonist-loaded lipid nanoparticles (STING-LNPs) significantly activates natural killer (NK) cells and induces an antitumor effect against cases of melanoma lung metastasis that have shown ICI resistance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using STING-LNPs in the treatment of lung metastatic RCC (Renca). An intravenous injection of STING-LNPs drastically decreased the amount of Renca tumor colonies. In contrast, monotherapies using ICIs showed no antitumor effect, and even a combination of ICI and STING-LNP therapies failed to enhance the antitumor effects. The main effector cells would be NK cells, and the activation of NK cells by the STING-LNPs may avoid the increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules. These findings provide useful insights into the development of an effective immunotherapy against metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Wu X, Li T, Jiang R, Yang X, Guo H, Yang R. Targeting MHC-I molecules for cancer: function, mechanism, and therapeutic prospects. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:194. [PMID: 38041084 PMCID: PMC10693139 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecules of Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) load peptides and present them on the cell surface, which provided the immune system with the signal to detect and eliminate the infected or cancerous cells. In the context of cancer, owing to the crucial immune-regulatory roles played by MHC-I molecules, the abnormal modulation of MHC-I expression and function could be hijacked by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance and attack, thereby promoting tumoral progression and impairing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we reviewed and discussed the recent studies and discoveries related to the MHC-I molecules and their multidirectional functions in the development of cancer, mainly focusing on the interactions between MHC-I and the multiple participators in the tumor microenvironment and highlighting the significance of targeting MHC-I for optimizing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature and functioning mechanism of MHC-I in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Farhat F, Hussein M, Sbaity E, Alsharm A, Rasul K, Khairallah S, Assi T, Allahverdi N, Othman A, Kattan J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor in North Africa and the middle east: updates in presentation and management from an 11-year retrospective cohort. Hosp Pract (1995) 2023; 51:275-287. [PMID: 38112178 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2023.2277682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study described the epidemiological, clinical, and survival profiles of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in North Africa and the Middle East (AfME). METHODS This regional, multicenter, observational, retrospective study collected 11-year data on demographics, medical history, disease characteristics, current treatment approaches of GIST, the safety of the most common tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), second cancers, and survival status. RESULTS Data of 201 eligible patients were analyzed: mean age was 56.9 ± 12.6 years; 111 (55.2%) patients were men, 21 (10.4%) patients had previous personal malignancy. The most common clinical presentation of GIST was dysphagia [92 (45.8%) patients]. The stomach was the most common primary site in 120 (60.7%) patients, 171 (85.1%) patients had localized disease at diagnosis. 198 (98.5%) GIST cases were CD117/CD34-positive. Imatinib was used in the neoadjuvant (18/21 patients), adjuvant (85/89 patients), and first-line metastatic treatment (28/33 patients) settings. The most common non-hematological toxicity associated with TKIs was vomiting in 32/85 (37.6%) patients. Overall, 100 (49.8%) patients (95%CI: 42.8-56.7%) were alive and disease-free while 30 (14.9%) patients were alive with active disease. CONCLUSION Presentation of GIST in our AfME population is consistent with global reports, being more frequent in patients >50 years old and having the stomach as the most common primary site. Unlike what is usually reported, though, we did have more patients with lymphatic spread of the disease. Despite the global trend and advances in the treatment of GIST according to molecular profile, this is still far to happen in our population given the lack of access to molecular profiles and the high associated cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Farhat
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Mount Lebanon Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Beirut, Hazmieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Hussein
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Sbaity
- Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Alsharm
- Oncology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kakil Rasul
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tarek Assi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Mount Lebanon Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Beirut, Hazmieh, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Niloofar Allahverdi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Othman
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Saida, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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Raters VM, Gebauer F, Löser H, Schröder W, Schlösser HA, Fuchs H, Bruns C, Quaas A, Zander T. Combined score of Y chromosome loss and T-cell infiltration improves UICC based stratification of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1249172. [PMID: 38045001 PMCID: PMC10693404 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1249172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staging, especially clinical lymph node staging in esophageal adenocarcinoma has only moderate sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we evaluated combined molecular markers to predict prognosis. Patients and methods 890 tumor tissue samples were obtained from patients who underwent surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma with curative intent. These were stained by tissue micro array for 48 markers which are associated with tumorigenesis and correlated with clinical data (TNM-staging, overall survival) by multivariate Cox regression. Results Two markers (preserved Y chromosome and high grade of (CD3+) T-cell infiltration) were found to be significantly and independently associated with better overall survival. We formed a score (called CY score) from the two markers. The more markers are positive and thus the higher the score (ranging from 0 to 2), the better the overall survival, independently of UICC. Moreover, we developed a combination score of the UICC and CY score based on cluster analysis. Patients with a UICC stage of III with the presence of both traits (CY=2) can be assigned to a better prognosis group (group II), whereas patients with a UICC stage of I without both traits (CY=0) must be assigned to a worse prognosis group (group II). Therefore, patients in stage I with adverse molecular signature might benefit of multimodal therapy. Conclusion In summary, the CY score adds prognostic information to the UICC stage based on tumor biology in esophageal adenocarcinoma and warrants further evaluations in independent clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Maria Raters
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Löser
- Institute of Pathology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Anton Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne GCGC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Meng Y, Jin Z, Wang M, Chen D, Zhu M, Huang Y, Xia S, Xiong Z. Definition of a Novel Immunogenic Cell Death-Relevant Gene Signature Associated with Immune Landscape in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2092-2115. [PMID: 36943521 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces anti-tumor immunity and aids in dismantling the immunosuppressive immune microenvironment (TME), which belongs to a type of regulated cell death. The differentiation of gastric cancer (GC) subtypes and the discovery of prognostic biomarkers are crucial for its treatment because GC is a disease that is both highly heterogeneous and aggressive. However, although the induction of ICD in tumor cells is associated with a favorable prognosis, the exact mechanism of its role in GC remains unclear. Transcriptome profiling data and clinical data of GC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Herein, patients were classified with the consensus clustering algorithm, and the associated biological functions and immune microenvironment infiltration were explored based on the expression of ICD-associated genes. A risk score signature consisting of 11 ICD-related genes was established via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) method. We have retrieved similar studies in recent years and compared them with our study using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to explore the association between the signature and tumor microenvironment (TME). Two distinct subtypes associated with ICD in GC were identified, each with a different prognosis. The ICD-high expression subtype was associated with higher immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. The ICD-related gene signature containing 11 genes (CGB5, Z84468.1, APOA5, EPHA8, CLEC18C, TLR7, MUC7, MUC15, CTLA4, CALB2, and UGT2B28), could independently and accurately predict the prognosis of GC. In this study, an ICD-based classification was conducted to assist in the diagnosis and personalized therapy for GC. The ICD-related genes risk score model was established to predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Ze Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Mengpei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Shang Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
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Meng B, Zhao X, Jiang S, Xu Z, Li S, Wang X, Ma W, Li L, Liu D, Zheng J, Peng H, Shi M. AURKA inhibitor-induced PD-L1 upregulation impairs antitumor immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182601. [PMID: 37781397 PMCID: PMC10536236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor immunotherapy targeting PD-L1 has emerged as one of the powerful tools for tumor therapy. Numerous studies indicate that tumor-targeted drugs critically have an influence on the interaction between the immune system and tumors by changing the expression of PD-L1, which is beneficial for immunotherapy. Our study provided novel evidence for improving the drug regimen in tumor targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Methods The expression of PD-L1 on SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, 4T1, MC38 and B16 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry after treatment with six preclinical targeted drugs (ARN-509, AZD3514, Galeterone, Neratinib, MLN8237 and LGK974). AURKA was knockdowned by using the specific siRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In the 4T1-breast tumor and colorectal cancer xenograft tumor models, we determined the number of infiltrated CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues by IHC. Results We found that AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 promoted the expression of PD-L1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner while exerted its antitumor effect. Knockdown of AURKA could induce the upregulation of PD-L1 on SKBR3 cells. MLN8237-induced PD-L1 upregulation was mainly associated with the phosphorylation of STAT3. In the 4T1-breast tumor xenograft model, the infiltrated CD3+ and CD8+ T cells decreased after treatment with MLN8237. When treated with MLN8237 in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody, the volumes of tumor were significantly reduced and accompanied by increasing the infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer xenograft tumor model. Discussion Our data demonstrated that MLN8237 improved the effect of immunology-related therapy on tumor cells by interacting with anti-PD-L1 antibody, which contributed to producing creative sparks for exploring the possible solutions to overcoming drug resistance to tumor targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Meng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuchang Jiang
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Shigematsu Y, Amori G, Tanaka K, Kitahama K, Kanda H, Takahashi Y, Takazawa Y, Takeuchi K, Inamura K. MHC class I loss is associated with biliary/progenitor cell features and "cold" tumor-immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:177-186. [PMID: 37306724 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with biliary/progenitor cell features frequently show increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, but their response to immunotherapy is not high. One possible explanation for this phenomenon could be the loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on tumor cells, which impairs the presentation of tumor antigens to cytotoxic T cells. However, the potential correlation between MHC class I loss, biliary/progenitor cell features, and the tumor-immune microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Herein, we hypothesized that MHC class I loss could be associated with biliary/progenitor cell features and potentially impact the tumor-immune microenvironment. To evaluate this hypothesis and gain insight into the characteristics of tumor cells and the tumor-immune microenvironment in HCCs with MHC class I loss, we examined a consecutive series of 397 HCC cases. MHC class I loss was observed in 32 HCCs (8.1%). Lipid-less cytologic morphology was significantly associated with MHC class I loss (P = 0.02). CK19 expression and decreased ARG1 expression, both known as biliary/progenitor cell features, were significantly associated with MHC class I loss (P < 0.05). PD-L1 expression was irrelevant to the MHC class I status. HCCs with MHC class I loss exhibited significantly lower infiltration of CD8+, CD4+, CD20+, and FOXP3+ cells than those with intact MHC class I (all Ps < 0.01). Our study reveals an association between MHC class I loss, biliary/progenitor cell features, and a "cold" tumor-immune microenvironment in HCCs. These insights highlight the potential impact of MHC class I loss on tumor cells and the tumor-immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Shigematsu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Gulanbar Amori
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kitahama
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takazawa
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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14
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Cruz SM, Sholevar CJ, Judge SJ, Darrow MA, Iranpur KR, Farley LE, Lammers M, Razmara AM, Dunai C, Gingrich AA, Persky J, Mori H, Thorpe SW, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ, Canter RJ. Intratumoral NKp46 + natural killer cells are spatially distanced from T and MHC-I + cells with prognostic implications in soft tissue sarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230534. [PMID: 37545516 PMCID: PMC10401426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare, heterogenous malignancies with an unmet need for novel immunotherapies. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been linked with favorable outcomes in STS patients, though the contribution of natural killer (NK) cells and spatial relationships of TILs with MHC-I expressing cells lacks detailed characterization. Experimental design Using archived and prospectively collected specimens, we evaluated intratumoral NK cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF). We assessed spatial localization of NK and T cells by multiplex IF, analyzing the effects of MHC-I expression status on NK and T cell clustering. Results Both intratumoral NKp46 and CD56dim expression were associated with significantly improved overall survival (P=0.05), while higher infiltrates of CD56bright NK cells predicted a worse prognosis (P=0.05). The presence of intratumoral NK cells was inversely proportional to CD3+ T cells. Spatial analyses showed NK cells preferentially clustering close to other NK cells with sparse CD3+ T and CD8+ T cells in range (P<0.0001). Additionally, CD3+ T and CD8+ T cells showed significantly greater co-localization with MHC-I+ cells, compared to NK cells (P<0.0001). After neoadjuvant radiotherapy, there was greater CD8 clustering, while after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there was overall lower TIL clustering. Conclusion Intratumoral NK cells are prognostic in STS and localize closer to MHC-I- cells than T cells. Although both NK and T cells are associated with improved survival in STS, their differential distribution in the TME based on MHC-I expression status may serve as a biomarker for improved immunotherapy treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M. Cruz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Cyrus J. Sholevar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sean J. Judge
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Morgan A. Darrow
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Khurshid R. Iranpur
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lauren E. Farley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Marshall Lammers
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aryana M. Razmara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Persky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Steven W. Thorpe
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Arta M. Monjazeb
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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15
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Wang J, Cheng X, Jin Y, Xia B, Qin R, Zhang W, Hu H, Mao X, Zhou L, Yan J, Zhang X, Xu J. Safety and Clinical Response to Combined Immunotherapy with Autologous iNKT Cells and PD-1 +CD8 + T Cells in Patients Failing First-line Chemotherapy in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:991-1003. [PMID: 37377605 PMCID: PMC10246506 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A phase I clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and feasibility of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells combined with PD-1+CD8+ T cells in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and failing the first-line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Fifteen eligible patients were enrolled, of whom 9 received at least three cycles of treatment each. In total, 59 courses were administered. Results Fever was the most common adverse event, peaking at about 2-4 hours after cell infusion and reverting within 24 hours without treatment in all patients. Influenza-like reactions such as headache, myalgia, and arthralgia were also observed in 4, 4, and 3 of the patients, respectively. In addition, vomiting and dizziness were prevalent, while abdominal pain, chest pain, rash, and stuffy nose were rare adverse events, each reported in 1 patient. Side effects above grade 2 were not observed. Two patients achieved partial regression, while 1 patient experienced disease progression assessed 4 weeks after the third course. Three patients are still alive at the time of writing and have progression-free survival longer than 12 months. The overall survival time has been extended to over 12 months in 6 of the 9 patients. No constant changes of CD4+ T, B, and NK cells were recorded except for elevated CD8+ T cells after the first course. Conclusions The combination of autologous iNKT cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells was a safe therapeutic strategy against advanced pancreatic cancer. The patients exhibited a potentially promising prolonged survival time. Further study appears warranted to evaluate the efficacy of these combined cell infusions in pancreatic cancer. Trial registration This trial was included in the clinical trial which was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID:NCT03093688) on March 15, 2017. Significance There is an unmet need for novel, more effective, and tolerable therapies for pancreatic cancer. Here we present a phase I clinical trial employing iNKT cells combined with PD-1+CD8+ T cells in 9 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and failing the first-line chemotherapy. The combined immunotherapy was shown to be feasible in the enrolled patients with limited side effects and optimistic clinical responses, which could bring opportunity of therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Cheng
- Clinical Research Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bili Xia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ran Qin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Mao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, P.R. China
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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16
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Trinh T, Adams WA, Calescibetta A, Tu N, Dalton R, So T, Wei M, Ward G, Kostenko E, Christiansen S, Cen L, McLemore A, Reed K, Whitting J, Gilvary D, Blanco NL, Segura CM, Nguyen J, Kandell W, Chen X, Cheng P, Wright GM, Cress WD, Liu J, Wright KL, Wei S, Eksioglu EA. CX3CR1 deficiency-induced TIL tumor restriction as a novel addition for CAR-T design in solid malignancies. iScience 2023; 26:106443. [PMID: 37070068 PMCID: PMC10105289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the tumor microenvironment have led to development of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts). However, despite success in blood malignancies, CAR-T therapies in solid tumors have been hampered by their restricted infiltration. Here, we used our understanding of early cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration of human lymphocytes in solid tumors in vivo to investigate the receptors in normal, adjacent, and tumor tissues of primary non-small-cell lung cancer specimens. We found that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 reduction restricts cytotoxic cells from the solid-tumor bed, contributing to tumor escape. Based on this, we designed a CAR-T construct using the well-established natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) CAR-T expression together with overexpression of CX3CR1 to promote their infiltration. These CAR-Ts infiltrate tumors at higher rates than control-activated T cells or IL-15-overexpressing NKG2D CAR-Ts. This construct also had similar functionality in a liver-cancer model, demonstrating potential efficacy in other solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThuLe Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William A. Adams
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Calescibetta
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nhan Tu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tina So
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Max Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Grace Ward
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elena Kostenko
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Cen
- Bioinformatics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amy McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kayla Reed
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Junmin Whitting
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Gilvary
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neale Lopez Blanco
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wendy Kandell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pingyan Cheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Wright
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - W. Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinghong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Li B, Chen H, Yang S, Chen F, Xu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhu C, Shao F, Zhang X, Deng C, Zeng L, He Y, Zhang C. Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37072770 PMCID: PMC10111719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers are represented by the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) which occur throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, and affect human health and economy globally. Curative surgical resections and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the main managements for localized GISTs and recurrent/metastatic GISTs, respectively. Despite multi-lines of TKIs treatments prolonged the survival time of recurrent/metastatic GISTs by delaying the relapse and metastasis of the tumor, drug resistance developed quickly and inevitably, and became the huge obstacle for stopping disease progression. Immunotherapy, which is typically represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has achieved great success in several solid tumors by reactivating the host immune system, and been proposed as an alternative choice for GIST treatment. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the research of immunology and immunotherapy for GIST, and great achievements have been made. Generally, the intratumoral immune cell level and the immune-related gene expressions are influenced by metastasis status, anatomical locations, driver gene mutations of the tumor, and modulated by imatinib therapy. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are regarded as prognostic indicators of GIST and closely associated with its clinicopathological features. The efficacy of immunotherapy strategies for GIST has been widely explored in pre-clinical cell and mouse models and clinical experiments in human, and some patients did benefit from ICIs. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date advancements of immunology, immunotherapy and research models for GIST, and provides new insights and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau University Joint Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Yu Y. The Function of NK Cells in Tumor Metastasis and NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082323. [PMID: 37190251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients. Treating metastasis remains the primary goal of current cancer research. Although the immune system prevents and kills the tumor cells, the function of the immune system in metastatic cancer has been unappreciated for decades because tumors are able to develop complex signaling pathways to suppress immune responses, leading them to escape detection and elimination. Studies showed NK cell-based therapies have many advantages and promise for fighting metastatic cancers. We here review the function of the immune system in tumor progression, specifically focusing on the ability of NK cells in antimetastasis, how metastatic tumors escape the NK cell attack, as well as the recent development of effective antimetastatic immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Zhang Q, Sun X, Hou Y, Gao X, Shen K, Qin X. New insight on the correlation of immune landscapes with immune markers expression in different risk classification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:527-539. [PMID: 36961557 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune landscapes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are still unclear. We aimed to explore the immune status of GISTs with different recurrence risks and sought potential immunotherapeutic targets. METHODS Immune cell infiltration and the expression of 93 tumor markers of 65 GISTs with different recurrence risks from public datasets were analyzed via bioinformatic methods. Infiltrating immune cell and OX40L expression of 417 patients from the Zhongshan cohort were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The clinicopathological data of the patients were collected and the prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS Macrophages, T cells and NK cells were the most abundant immune cells in tumor microenvironment. OX40L was the only differentially expressed marker in high- and low-risk patients, as well as in patients with primary and recurrent GIST. The positive rate of OX40L in GIST was 54%. OX40L was highly expressed in patients with no metastasis, low mitotic index and relapse risk. The amount of CD68 + macrophages was the independent factor of OX40L expression. The OX40L expression was positively correlated with M2 and resting mast cells. OX40L co-located with CD4 + T cells, M2 and activated mast cells. Patients with high OX40L levels experienced more prolonged relapse-free survival (RFS). CONCLUSIONS We first reported that GIST cells could express OX40L, patients with high OX40L experienced longer RFS. The colocalization of OX40L with immune cells indicates that OX40L could be a promising potential target for immunotherapy in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kuntang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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Jung HY, Lee DK, Lee M, Choi SH, Park JD, Ko ES, Lee J, Park KS, Jung HY. ELK3-CXCL16 axis determines natural killer cell cytotoxicity via the chemotactic activity of CXCL16 in triple negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2190671. [PMID: 36950218 PMCID: PMC10026901 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2190671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer because of its aggressive behavior and the limited therapeutic strategies available. In the last decade, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment to prolong survival in advanced solid cancers including TNBC. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in solid cancers remains limited because solid tumors contain few tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Here, we show that targeting an ETS transcription factor ELK3 (ELK3) recruits immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells into tumors via the chemotactic activity of chemokine. ELK3 depletion increases CXCL16 expression level and promotes NK cell cytotoxicity through CXCL16-mediated NK cell recruitment in TNBC. In silico analysis showed that ELK3 is negatively correlated with CXCL16 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Low expression of ELK3 and high expression of CXCL16 were associated with a better prognosis. Low expression of ELK3 and high expression of CXCL16 were associated with increased expression of NK cell-related genes. Our findings demonstrate that the ELK3-CXCL16 axis modulates NK cell recruitment to increase NK cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that targeting the ELK3 gene could be an adjuvant strategy for increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Hae-Yun Jung Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Keum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Dong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Su Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Kyung-Soon Park
| | - Hae-Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic ok Korea
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21
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López-Botet M, De Maria A, Muntasell A, Della Chiesa M, Vilches C. Adaptive NK cell response to human cytomegalovirus: Facts and open issues. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101706. [PMID: 36542944 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection exerts broad effects on the immune system. These include the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset which displays a characteristic phenotypic and functional profile hallmarked by expression of the HLA-E-specific CD94/NKG2C activating receptor. Based on our experience and recent advances in the field, we overview the adaptive features of the NKG2C+ NK cell response, discussing observations and open questions on: (a) the mechanisms and influence of viral and host factors; (b) the existence of other NKG2C- NK cell subsets sharing adaptive features; (c) the development and role of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in the response to HCMV in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant patients; (d) their relation with other viral infections, mainly HIV-1; and (e) current perspectives for their use in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Botet
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences. Univ. Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERonc), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Panahi M, Rezagholizadeh F, Mollazadehghomi S, Farhangnia P, Niya MHK, Ajdarkosh H, Tameshkel FS, Heshmati SM. The association between CD3+ and CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 35:100699. [PMID: 36996584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with more than 250,000 deaths each year, is the eighth leading cause of death worldwide, with a five-year survival of less than 5% and a median recurrence time between 5 and 23 months. The association between PDAC and CD3+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the extent of tumor spread and clinical outcomes has been recently shown. This study aimed to determine and compare the density of TILs and their association with disease prognosis in patients with PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we collected PDAC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues from 64 patients with TIL-positive PDAC. The immunohistochemistry method was used for the detection of the expression levels of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in PDAC tissues. Also, the completed follow-up history was evaluated for at least five years. RESULTS The frequency of intratumoral and peritumoral TILs was 20 (31.2%) and 44 (68.8%), respectively. The mean density of CD3+ TILs and CD8+ TILs was 67.73%±20.17% and 69.45%±17.82%, respectively. The density of CD3+ TILs and CD8+ TILs was not associated with overall survival nor metastasis-free survival of the patients and tumor grade. However, the density of TILs was significantly lower in those patients who experienced tumor recurrence than those without this recurrence. CONCLUSION TILs density was high in patients with PDAC. The density of both CD3+ and CD8+ TILs was significantly lower in patients who experienced tumor recurrence. Thus, this study suggests that tracking and determining the density of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs might be effective in predicting PDAC recurrence.
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23
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Exploring the Dynamic Crosstalk between the Immune System and Genetics in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010216. [PMID: 36612211 PMCID: PMC9818806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) represent a paradigmatic model of oncogene addiction. Despite the well-known impact of the mutational status on clinical outcomes, we need to expand our knowledge to other factors that influence behavior heterogeneity in GIST patients. A growing body of studies has revealed that the tumor microenvironment (TME), mostly populated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and lymphocytes (TILs), and stromal differentiation (SD) have a significant impact on prognosis and response to treatment. Interestingly, even though the current knowledge of the role of immune response in this setting is still limited, recent pre-clinical and clinical data have highlighted the relevance of the TME in GISTs, with possible implications for clinical practice in the near future. Moreover, the expression of immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and their relationship to the clinical phenotype in GIST are emerging as potential prognostic biomarkers. Looking forward, these variables related to the underlying tumoral microenvironment in GIST, though limited to still-ongoing trials, might lead to the potential use of immunotherapy, alone or in combination with targeted therapy, in advanced TKI-refractory GISTs. This review aims to deepen understanding of the potential link between mutational status and the immune microenvironment in GIST.
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Won Jun H, Kyung Lee H, Ho Na I, Jeong Lee S, Kim K, Park G, Sook Kim H, Ju Son D, Kim Y, Tae Hong J, Han SB. The role of CCL2, CCL7, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in interaction of endothelial cells and natural killer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Deng X, Terunuma H. Harnessing NK Cells to Control Metastasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122018. [PMID: 36560427 PMCID: PMC9781233 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has produced remarkable results in tumor treatment. Nevertheless, its effects are severely limited in patients with low or absent pre-existing T cell immunity. Accordingly, metastasis remains the major cause of tumor-associated death. On the other hand, natural killer (NK) cells have the unique ability to recognize and rapidly act against tumor cells and surveil tumor cell dissemination. The role of NK cells in metastasis prevention is undisputable as an increase in the number of these cells mostly leads to a favorable prognosis. Hence, it is reasonable to consider that successful metastasis involves evasion of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Therefore, harnessing NK cells to control metastasis is promising. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds for distant metastasis, and the number of CTCs detected in the blood of patients with tumor is associated with a worse prognosis, whereas NK cells can eliminate highly motile CTCs especially in the blood. Here, we review the role of NK cells during metastasis, particularly the specific interactions of NK cells with CTCs, which may provide essential clues on how to harness the power of NK cells against tumor metastasis. As a result, a new way to prevent or treat metastatic tumor may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Deng
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5632-6080; Fax: +81-3-5632-6083
| | - Hiroshi Terunuma
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- N2 Clinic Yotsuya, 5F 2-6 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
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26
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Li Z, Zhang D, Mo C, Zhu P, Fan X, Tang T. The prognostic significance of prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32067. [PMID: 36451460 PMCID: PMC9704956 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk assessment before treatment is important for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which will determine the priority of surgery or preoperative treatment. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an integrated parameter consisting of serum albumin and lymphocyte count. Immunonutritional status defined in this manner is well-known to be closely linked to the prognosis of several other cancers. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of PNI specifically in GISTs has not been well-established. This study aimed to verify the prognostic role of PNI in patients with GISTs. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on medical databases up to June, 2022, and the raw data (hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) focusing on the prognostic value of PNI in patients with GISTs regarding recurrence-free survival were extracted and synthesized adopting the random-effects model. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022345440). RESULTS A total of 8 eligible studies including 2627 patients with GISTs was analyzed and the pooled results confirmed that an elevated PNI was associated with a better recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40-0.68), with a moderate heterogeneity (I-square, 38%). The findings from subgroup analysis were consistent with the overall pooled results, and a sensitivity analysis, not the subgroup analysis, identified the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Elevated pretreatment PNI may be a useful indicator for assessing risk of recurrence in patients from China with GISTs. Studies in other countries and regions are needed to further verify the prognostic value of PNI in GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dengming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunlin Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peijin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxi Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingyong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- * Correspondence: Tingyong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Sanshui Hospital affiliated to Guangdong Medical College, Foshan 528100, China (e-mail: )
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Michaelides S, Obeck H, Kechur D, Endres S, Kobold S. Migratory Engineering of T Cells for Cancer Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1845. [PMID: 36366354 PMCID: PMC9692862 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in particular represents an adaptive, yet versatile strategy for cancer treatment. Convincing results in the treatment of hematological malignancies have led to FDA approval for several CAR T cell therapies in defined refractory diseases. In contrast, the treatment of solid tumors with adoptively transferred T cells has not demonstrated convincing efficacy in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for ACT failure in solid tumors is poor trafficking or access of transferred T cells to the tumor site. Tumors employ a variety of mechanisms shielding themselves from immune cell infiltrates, often translating to only fractions of transferred T cells reaching the tumor site. To overcome this bottleneck, extensive efforts are being undertaken at engineering T cells to improve ACT access to solid tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the immune cell infiltrate in human tumors and the mechanisms tumors employ toward immune exclusion. We will discuss ways in which T cells can be engineered to circumvent these barriers. We give an outlook on ongoing clinical trials targeting immune cell migration to improve ACT and its perspective in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Michaelides
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Obeck
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Daryna Kechur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with around 10 million deaths every year. Despite huge advances due to immunotherapy, the majority of cancer patients present primary or secondary resistance to these treatments. In this Found in Translation, we focus on the approaches developed to harness the anti-tumor function of NK cells, suggesting promising strategies to complete the therapeutic arsenal of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chiossone
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
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29
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Aarsund M, Nyman TA, Stensland ME, Wu Y, Inngjerdingen M. Isolation of a cytolytic subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from NK cells containing NKG7 and cytolytic proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977353. [PMID: 36189227 PMCID: PMC9520454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells can broadly target and kill malignant cells via release of cytolytic proteins. NK cells also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain cytolytic proteins, previously shown to induce apoptosis of a variety of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The EVs released by NK cells are likely very heterogeneous, as vesicles can be released from the plasma membrane or from different intracellular compartments. In this study, we undertook a fractionation scheme to enrich for cytolytic NK-EVs. NK-EVs were harvested from culture medium from the human NK-92 cell line or primary human NK cells grown in serum-free conditions. By combining ultracentrifugation with downstream density-gradient ultracentrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography, distinct EV populations were identified. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation led to separation of three subpopulations of EVs. The different EV isolates were characterized by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and western blotting, and we found that one subpopulation was primarily enriched for plasma membrane proteins and tetraspanins CD37, CD82, and CD151, and likely represents microvesicles. The other major subpopulation was enriched in intracellularly derived markers with high expression of the endosomal tetraspanin CD63 and markers for intracellular organelles. The intracellularly derived EVs were highly enriched in cytolytic proteins, and possessed high apoptotic activity against HCT-116 colon cancer spheroids. To further enrich for cytolytic EVs, immunoaffinity pulldowns led to the isolation of a subset of EVs containing the cytolytic granule marker NKG7 and the majority of vesicular granzyme B content. We therefore propose that EVs containing cytolytic proteins may primarily be released via cytolytic granules.
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30
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Cord Blood-Derived Natural Killer Cell Exploitation in Immunotherapy Protocols: More Than a Promise? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184439. [PMID: 36139598 PMCID: PMC9496735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary NK cell anti-tumor activity against hematological malignancies is well-established and many studies support their role in the control of solid tumor growth and metastasis generation. However, tumor microenvironment may affect NK cell function. Ongoing studies are aimed to design novel immunotherapeutic protocols to combine NK cell-based immunotherapy with other therapeutic strategies to improve the anti-tumor NK cell response. In this context, UCB is one of the main sources of both mature NK cells and of CD34+ HSPC that can generate NK cells, both in-vivo and in-vitro. UCB-derived NK cells represent a valuable tool to perform in-vitro and preclinical analyses and are already used in several clinical settings, particularly against hematological malignancies. The present review describes the characteristics of different types of UCB-derived NK cells and the in-vitro models to expand them, both for research and clinical purposes in the context of cancer immunotherapy. Abstract In the last 20 years, Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has become a promising approach to target various types of cancer. Indeed, NK cells play a pivotal role in the first-line defense against tumors through major histocompatibility complex-independent immunosurveillance. Their role in the control of leukemia relapse has been clearly established and, moreover, the presence of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) generally correlates with good prognosis. However, it has also been observed that, often, NK cells poorly infiltrate the tumor tissue, and, in TME, their functions may be compromised by immunosuppressive factors that contribute to the failure of anti-cancer immune response. Currently, studies are focused on the design of effective strategies to expand NK cells and enhance their cytotoxic activity, exploiting different cell sources, such as peripheral blood (PB), umbilical cord blood (UCB) and NK cell lines. Among them, UCB represents an important source of mature NK cells and CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs), as precursors of NK cells. In this review, we summarize the UCB-derived NK cell activity in the tumor context, review the different in-vitro models to expand NK cells from UCB, and discuss the importance of their exploitation in anti-tumor immunotherapy protocols.
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31
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Aryee K, Burzenski LM, Yao L, Keck JG, Greiner D, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Enhanced development of functional human NK cells in NOD-scid-IL2rg null mice expressing human IL15. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22476. [PMID: 35959876 PMCID: PMC9383543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human innate immunity plays a critical role in tumor surveillance and in immunoregulation within the tumor microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment, including NK cell subsets that mediate tumor cell cytotoxicity and subsets with regulatory function that contribute to the tumor immune suppressive environment. The balance between effector and regulatory NK cell subsets has been studied extensively in murine models of cancer, but there is a paucity of models to study human NK cell function in tumorigenesis. Humanized mice are a powerful alternative to syngeneic mouse tumor models for the study of human immuno-oncology and have proven effective tools to test immunotherapies targeting T cells. However, human NK cell development and survival in humanized NOD-scid-IL2rgnull (NSG) mice are severely limited. To enhance NK cell development, we have developed NSG mice that constitutively expresses human Interleukin 15 (IL15), NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15). Following hematopoietic stem cell engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of functional human CD56+ NK cells are detectable in blood and spleen, as compared to NSG mice. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice also supported the development of human CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells. Moreover, the growth kinetics of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) melanoma were significantly delayed in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice as compared to HSC-engrafted NSG mice demonstrating that human NK cells have a key role in limiting the tumor growth. Together, these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells, which limit the growth of PDX tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐Edwin Aryee
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Li‐Chin Yao
- The Jackson LaboratorySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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Xia J, Miao Y, Wang X, Huang X, Dai J. Recent progress of dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) as an anti-cancer nanovaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113250. [PMID: 35700679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer vaccines such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and peptide vaccines have become appealing and attractive anticancer immunotherapy options in recent decades, some obstacles have hindered their successful application in the clinical setting. The difficulties associated with the high cost of DC preparation, storage of DC vaccines, tumor-mediated immunosuppressive environment, identification of specific tumor antigens, and high degradation of antigen peptides in vivo limit the clinical application and affect the outcomes of these cancer vaccines. Recently, nanocarriers have been considered as a new approach for vaccine delivery. As biogenic nanocarriers, exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by cells that carry various proteins, RNAs, and lipids. More importantly, DC-derived exosomes (Dex) express tumor antigens, MHC molecules, and co-stimulatory molecules on their surface, which trigger the release of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. With their membrane structure, Dex can avoid high degradation while ensuring favorable biocompatibility and biosafety in vivo. In addition, Dex can be stored in vitro for a longer period, which facilitates a significant reduction in production costs. Furthermore, they have shown better antitumor efficacy in preclinical studies compared with DC vaccines owing to their higher immunogenicity and stronger resistance to immunosuppressive effects. However, the clinical efficacy of Dex vaccines remains limited. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Dex as an anticancer nanovaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xia
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Yangbao Miao
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Jingying Dai
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610000, China.
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D’Amico S, Tempora P, Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Cifaldi L, Locatelli F, Fruci D. Targeting the antigen processing and presentation pathway to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948297. [PMID: 35936007 PMCID: PMC9352877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant clinical advances with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a wide range of cancer patients, response rates to the therapy are variable and do not always result in long-term tumor regression. The development of ICI-resistant disease is one of the pressing issue in clinical oncology, and the identification of new targets and combination therapies is a crucial point to improve response rates and duration. Antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway is a key element for an efficient response to ICI therapy. Indeed, malignancies that do not express tumor antigens are typically poor infiltrated by T cells and unresponsive to ICIs. Therefore, improving tumor immunogenicity potentially increases the success rate of ICI therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the key elements of the APP machinery that can be exploited to enhance tumor immunogenicity and increase the efficacy of ICI-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Amico
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tempora
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Doriana Fruci,
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Luo H, Xu C, Ge B, Wang T. CASC1 Expression in Bladder Cancer Is Regulated by Exosomal miRNA-150: A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer and Bioinformatics Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8100325. [PMID: 35836922 PMCID: PMC9276518 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of cancer susceptibility 1 (CASC1) in tumorigenesis and development as well as the key pathways affecting bladder cancer progression. CASC1 was examined in various normal tissues in humans using the HPA database to quantify its expression level and subcellular localization. CASC1 is abundantly expressed in tumor tissues, primarily in cytoplasmic vesicles and stroma. TIMER2 was used to analyze the correlation between CASC1 expression levels and the types of infiltrates associated with immune cells and immunosuppressive cells. MDSC, Treg, M2, and CAF were significantly correlated with CASC1 expression in various tumors. Comparing patients with and without CASC1 mutation, those with CASC1 mutation had worse overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival. The correlation between has-miR-150 and CASC1 (for the case of bladder cancer) was then analyzed, and the related ceRNA network was mapped. A negative relationship between CASC1 expression and has-miR-150 expression was found in cases of bladder cancer. And the presence of miR-150-targeted CASC1 may be associated with bladder cancer progression. CASC1 is expressed at elevated levels in various tumor tissues, and it is associated with tumorigenesis and development. Exosomes containing miR-150-targeted CASC1 may affect the progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Luo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengdang Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bujun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianru Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since its approval in 2002, imatinib remains the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Overall, all the drugs approved for patients who have developed secondary resistance to imatinib are less effective than imatinib in first-line. Even if, overall survival of patients with advanced GIST has improved over time the last 20 years, imatinib-resistant GIST remains therefore a difficult-to-treat cancer. The aim of this review is to elaborate on the potential strategies to improve outcome for patients with imatinib-refractory disease. RECENT FINDINGS New-generation potent KIT and PDGFRA inhibitors such as ripretinib and avapritinib developed for the treatment of GIST have shown very promising clinical activity in patients with highly refractory disease. However, both failed to improve outcome in comparison with standard of care in earlier lines settings. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of multikinase inhibitor with highly specific KIT inhibitors are currently ongoing. Targeting the microenvironment of GIST may also represent a promising approach and is investigated in several clinical studies. SUMMARY Imatinib-refractory GIST still represent a therapeutic challenge. It is likely that only combination therapies with new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and/or immune-oncology agents might potentially result in an enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared with current standard of care.
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Raj SKS, Routh ED, Chou JW, Votanopoulos KI, Triozzi PL, Miller LD. Prognostic attributes of immune signatures in soft tissue sarcomas show differential dependencies on tumor mutational burden. Cancer 2022; 128:3254-3264. [PMID: 35767280 PMCID: PMC9544607 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cellular and intrinsic markers of sarcoma immunogenicity are poorly understood. To gain insight into whether tumor–immune interactions correlate with clinical aggressiveness, the authors examined the prognostic significance of immune gene signatures in combination with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and cancer–testis antigen (CTA) expression. Methods RNA sequencing and clinical data of 259 soft tissue sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas project were used to investigate associations between published immune gene signatures and patient overall survival (OS) in the contexts of TMB, as computed from whole‐exome sequencing data, and CTA gene expression. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and log‐rank tests were used to assess survival associations. Results Immune signature scores that reflected in part the intratumoral abundance of cytotoxic T cells showed significant positive associations with OS. However, the prognostic power of the T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on TMB‐high status, consistent with protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with elevated antigenicity. In TMB‐low tumors, a signature of infiltrating plasma B cells was significantly and positively associated with OS, independent of T‐cell signature status. Although tumor subtypes based on differential expression patterns of CTA genes showed different survival associations within leiomyosarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma histologies, neither CTA nor histologic subtype interacted with the T‐cell–survival association. Conclusions Signatures of T‐cell and plasma B‐cell infiltrates were associated with a survival benefit in soft tissue sarcomas. TMB, but not CTA expression, influenced the prognostic power of T‐cell–associated, but not plasma B‐cell–associated, survival. Lay summary Clinical data and RNA analysis of 259 soft tissue sarcomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas project were used to investigate associations between five published gene immune cell expression signatures and survival in the context of tumor mutations. Activated T cells had a significant positive association with patient survival. Although high tumor mutation burden was associated with good survival, the prognostic power of T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on tumor mutational status, consistent with protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with high levels of antigens. In low tumor mutation‐bearing tumors, plasma B cells were positively associated with survival.
Signatures of T‐cell and plasma B‐cell infiltrates are associated with survival benefit in soft tissue sarcomas, and tumor mutational burden (TMB), but not cancer–testis antigen expression, is a tumor‐intrinsic determinant of T‐cell–associated survival, but not plasma B‐cell–associated survival. Although high TMB trended toward an association with good survival, the prognostic power of the T‐cell signatures was highly dependent on TMB‐high status, consistent with the protective effects of tumor‐infiltrating T cells in tumors with elevated antigenicity; however, in TMB‐low tumors, a signature of infiltrating plasma B cells was positively associated with overall survival, independent of T‐cell signature status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja K S Raj
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric D Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pierre L Triozzi
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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D'Angelo SP, Richards AL, Conley AP, Woo HJ, Dickson MA, Gounder M, Kelly C, Keohan ML, Movva S, Thornton K, Rosenbaum E, Chi P, Nacev B, Chan JE, Slotkin EK, Kiesler H, Adamson T, Ling L, Rao P, Patel S, Livingston JA, Singer S, Agaram NP, Antonescu CR, Koff A, Erinjeri JP, Hwang S, Qin LX, Donoghue MTA, Tap WD. Pilot study of bempegaldesleukin in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic sarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3477. [PMID: 35710741 PMCID: PMC9203519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 blockade (nivolumab) efficacy remains modest for metastatic sarcoma. In this paper, we present an open-label, non-randomized, non-comparative pilot study of bempegaldesleukin, a CD122-preferential interleukin-2 pathway agonist, with nivolumab in refractory sarcoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering/MD Anderson Cancer Centers (NCT03282344). We report on the primary outcome of objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints of toxicity, clinical benefit, progression-free survival, overall survival, and durations of response/treatment. In 84 patients in 9 histotype cohorts, all patients experienced ≥1 adverse event and treatment-related adverse event; 1 death was possibly treatment-related. ORR was highest in angiosarcoma (3/8) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (2/10), meeting predefined endpoints. Results of our exploratory investigation of predictive biomarkers show: CD8 + T cell infiltrates and PD-1 expression correlate with improved ORR; upregulation of immune-related pathways correlate with improved efficacy; Hedgehog pathway expression correlate with resistance. Exploration of this combination in selected sarcomas, and of Hedgehog signaling as a predictive biomarker, warrants further study in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Allison L Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anthony P Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyung Jun Woo
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mrinal Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ciara Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mary Louise Keohan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sujana Movva
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Evan Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emily K Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Kiesler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Travis Adamson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lilan Ling
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pavitra Rao
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shreyaskumar Patel
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan A Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Koff
- Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sinchun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
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Petrazzuolo A, Maiuri MC, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Kepp O. Trial Watch: combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2077898. [PMID: 35655707 PMCID: PMC9154809 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2077898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decades witnessed the clinical employment of targeted therapies including but not limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that restrain a broad variety of pro-tumorigenic signals. TKIs can be categorized into (i) agents that directly target cancer cells, (ii) normalize angiogenesis or (iii) affect cells of the hematologic lineage. However, a clear distinction of TKIs based on this definition is limited by the fact that many TKIs designed to inhibit cancer cells have also effects on immune cells that are being discovered. Additionally, TKIs originally designed to target hematological cancers exhibit bioactivities on healthy cells of the same hematological lineage. TKIs have been described to improve immune recognition and cancer immunosurveillance, providing the scientific basis to combine TKIs with immunotherapy. Indeed, combination of TKIs with immunotherapy showed synergistic effects in preclinical models and clinical trials and some combinations of TKIs normalizing angiogenesis with immune checkpoint blocking antibodies have already been approved by the FDA for cancer therapy. However, the identification of appropriate drug combinations as well as optimal dosing and scheduling needs to be improved in order to obtain tangible progress in cancer care. This Trial Watch summarizes active clinical trials combining TKIs with various immunotherapeutic strategies to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Petrazzuolo
- Team “Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity”, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - M. Chiara Maiuri
- Team “Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity”, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Clinicobiome, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) Biotheris 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Team “Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity”, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Team “Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity”, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Tay AHM, Prieto-Díaz R, Neo S, Tong L, Chen X, Carannante V, Önfelt B, Hartman J, Haglund F, Majellaro M, Azuaje J, Garcia-Mera X, Brea JM, Loza MI, Jespers W, Gutierrez-de-Teran H, Sotelo E, Lundqvist A. A 2B adenosine receptor antagonists rescue lymphocyte activity in adenosine-producing patient-derived cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004592. [PMID: 35580926 PMCID: PMC9115112 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is a metabolite that suppresses antitumor immune response of T and NK cells via extracellular binding to the two subtypes of adenosine-2 receptors, A2ARs. While blockade of the A2AARs subtype effectively rescues lymphocyte activity, with four A2AAR antagonists currently in anticancer clinical trials, less is known for the therapeutic potential of the other A2BAR blockade within cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies suggest the formation of A2AAR/A2BAR dimers in tissues that coexpress the two receptor subtypes, where the A2BAR plays a dominant role, suggesting it as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. METHODS We report the synthesis and functional evaluation of five potent A2BAR antagonists and a dual A2AAR/A2BAR antagonist. The compounds were designed using previous pharmacological data assisted by modeling studies. Synthesis was developed using multicomponent approaches. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the phenotype of T and NK cells on A2BAR antagonist treatment. Functional activity of T and NK cells was tested in patient-derived tumor spheroid models. RESULTS We provide data for six novel small molecules: five A2BAR selective antagonists and a dual A2AAR/A2BAR antagonist. The growth of patient-derived breast cancer spheroids is prevented when treated with A2BAR antagonists. To elucidate if this depends on increased lymphocyte activity, immune cells proliferation, and cytokine production, lymphocyte infiltration was evaluated and compared with the potent A2AAR antagonist AZD-4635. We find that A2BAR antagonists rescue T and NK cell proliferation, IFNγ and perforin production, and increase tumor infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration into tumor spheroids without altering the expression of adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that A2BAR is a promising target in immunotherapy, identifying ISAM-R56A as the most potent candidate for A2BAR blockade. Inhibition of A2BAR signaling restores T cell function and proliferation. Furthermore, A2BAR and dual A2AAR/A2BAR antagonists showed similar or better results than A2AAR antagonist AZD-4635 reinforcing the idea of dominant role of the A2BAR in the regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apple Hui Min Tay
- Department of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Shiyong Neo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Singapore Immunology Network SIgN, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Le Tong
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Carannante
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Xerardo Garcia-Mera
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jose M Brea
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Maria I Loza
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutierrez-de-Teran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has evolved into an increasingly complex clinical entity with ever more challenges. While surgical resection is the gold standard, advancements in genetic testing, therapeutic options, immunotherapy, and management of metastatic disease necessitate a comprehensive, multimodal approach for these tumors. This chapter highlights the importance of genomic testing of GIST, the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for localized disease, surgical principles for GIST, as well as current and new approaches for addressing metastatic disease.
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Gorris MAJ, van der Woude LL, Kroeze LI, Bol K, Verrijp K, Amir AL, Meek J, Textor J, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Paired primary and metastatic lesions of patients with ipilimumab-treated melanoma: high variation in lymphocyte infiltration and HLA-ABC expression whereas tumor mutational load is similar and correlates with clinical outcome. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004329. [PMID: 35550553 PMCID: PMC9109111 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can lead to long-term responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. Still many patients with melanoma are intrinsically resistant or acquire secondary resistance. Previous studies have used primary or metastatic tumor tissue for biomarker assessment. Especially in melanoma, metastatic lesions are often present at different anatomical sites such as skin, lymph nodes, and visceral organs. The anatomical site may directly affect the tumor microenvironment (TME). To evaluate the impact of tumor evolution on the TME and on ICI treatment outcome, we directly compared paired primary and metastatic melanoma lesions for tumor mutational burden (TMB), HLA-ABC status, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of patients that received ipilimumab. METHODS TMB was analyzed by sequencing primary and metastatic melanoma lesions using the TruSight Oncology 500 assay. Tumor tissues were subjected to multiplex immunohistochemistry to assess HLA-ABC status and for the detection of TIL subsets (B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and regulatory T cells), by using a machine-learning algorithm. RESULTS While we observed a very good agreement between TMB of matched primary and metastatic melanoma lesions (intraclass coefficient=0.921), such association was absent for HLA-ABC status, TIL density, and subsets thereof. Interestingly, analyses of different metastatic melanoma lesions within a single patient revealed that TIL density and composition agreed remarkably well, rejecting the hypothesis that the TME of different anatomical sites affects TIL infiltration. Similarly, the HLA-ABC status between different metastatic lesions within patients was also comparable. Furthermore, high TMB, of either primary or metastatic melanoma tissue, directly correlated with response to ipilimumab, whereas lymphocyte density or composition did not. Loss of HLA-ABC in the metastatic lesion correlated to a shorter progression-free survival on ipilimumab. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the link between TMB and HLA-ABC status and the response to ipilimumab-based immunotherapy in melanoma, but no correlation was found for TIL density, neither in primary nor metastatic lesions. Our finding that TMB between paired primary and metastatic melanoma lesions is highly stable, demonstrates its independency of the time point and location of acquisition. TIL and HLA-ABC status in metastatic lesions of different anatomical sites are highly similar within an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A J Gorris
- Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke L van der Woude
- Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kalijn Bol
- Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiek Verrijp
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jelena Meek
- Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lin Y, Kong DX, Zhang YN. Does the Microbiota Composition Influence the Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy? Front Oncol 2022; 12:852194. [PMID: 35463305 PMCID: PMC9023803 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy globally, and many people with CRC suffer the fate of death. Due to the importance of CRC and its negative impact on communities, treatment strategies to control it or increase patient survival are being studied. Traditional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have treated CRC patients. However, with the advancement of science, we are witnessing the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy for CRC treatment, which have had relatively satisfactory clinical outcomes. Evidence shows that gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, including various bacterial species, viruses, and fungi, can affect various biological events, regulate the immune system, and even treat diseases like human malignancies. CRC has recently shown that the gut microorganism pattern can alter both antitumor and pro-tumor responses, as well as cancer immunotherapy. Of course, this is also true of traditional therapies because it has been revealed that gut microbiota can also reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. Therefore, this review summarized the effects of gut microbiota on CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Health Management Center, Department of General Practice, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; You-Ni Zhang,
| | - De-Xia Kong
- Health Management Center, Department of General Practice, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; You-Ni Zhang,
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de Nonneville A, Finetti P, Picard M, Monneur A, Pantaleo MA, Astolfi A, Ostrowski J, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E, Bertucci F. CSPG4 Expression in GIST Is Associated with Better Prognosis and Strong Cytotoxic Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051306. [PMID: 35267618 PMCID: PMC8909029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Identification of novel prognostic and/or therapeutic targets is a major issue to overcome tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistances. CSPG4, a cell surface proteoglycan, emerged as a potential therapeutic target for immune therapy in different cancers, including sarcomas. CSPG4 expression has never been studied in GIST. In this work we analyzed CSPG4 mRNA expression in a large series of clinical GIST samples given the scarcity of disease (n = 309 patients). We find that high CSPG4 expression is independently associated with disease-free survival, and with an immune landscape favorable to induce strong cytotoxic immune response after NK cell stimulation. Our results suggest the potential value of CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor-redirected cytokine-induced killer lymphocytes treatment in GIST, notably “CSPG4-high” tumors, and calls for preclinical validation, drug testing in vivo, then in clinical trials. Abstract The treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) must be improved through the development of more reliable prognostic factors and of therapies able to overcome imatinib resistance. The immune system represents an attractive tool. CSPG4, a cell surface proteoglycan, emerged as a potential therapeutic target for immune therapy in different cancers, including cell therapy based on CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cytokine-induced killer lymphocytes (CSPG4-CAR.CIKs) in sarcomas. CSPG4 expression has never been studied in GIST. We analyzed CSPG4 mRNA expression data of 309 clinical GIST samples profiled using DNA microarrays and searched for correlations with clinicopathological and immune features. CSPG4 expression, higher in tumors than normal digestive tissues, was heterogeneous across tumors. High expression was associated with AFIP low-risk, gastric site, and localized stage, and independently with longer postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) in localized stage. The correlations between CSPG4 expression and immune signatures highlighted a higher anti-tumor immune response in “CSPG4-high” tumors, relying on both the adaptive and innate immune system, in which the boost of NK cells by CSPG4-CAR.CIKs might be instrumental, eventually combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In conclusion, high CSPG4 expression in GIST is associated with better DFS and offers an immune environment favorable to a vulnerability to CAR.CIKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Nonneville
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Maelle Picard
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Audrey Monneur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France; (A.d.N.); (P.F.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (E.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-22-35-37; Fax: +33-4-91-22-36-70
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Neutrophil and Natural Killer Cell Interactions in Cancers: Dangerous Liaisons Instructing Immunosuppression and Angiogenesis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121488. [PMID: 34960234 PMCID: PMC8709224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has largely been reported to cooperate on tumor onset and progression, as a consequence of the phenotype/functional plasticity and adaptation capabilities of tumor-infiltrating and tumor-associated immune cells. Immune cells within the tumor micro (tissue-local) and macro (peripheral blood) environment closely interact by cell-to-cell contact and/or via soluble factors, also generating a tumor-permissive soil. These dangerous liaisons have been investigated for pillars of tumor immunology, such as tumor associated macrophages and T cell subsets. Here, we reviewed and discussed the contribution of selected innate immunity effector cells, namely neutrophils and natural killer cells, as "soloists" or by their "dangerous liaisons", in favoring tumor progression by dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.
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Sun X, Shu P, Fang Y, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Sun J, Fu M, Xue A, Gao X, Shen K, Hou Y, Sun Y, Qin J, Qin X. Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:789915. [PMID: 34956906 PMCID: PMC8709532 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunotherapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains a clinical challenge. The present study aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of immune cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression in GISTs. Methods A total of 507 clinical tissue specimens of primary GISTs were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of immune cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression. Influencing factors of survival were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox regression model. Results There were significant differences in sex, tumor location, size, mitotic index, NIH risk grade, and cell morphology between different gene mutation types of GISTs. Immune cell infiltration in GISTs mainly involved macrophages and T cells. PD-1 was expressed in 48.5% of the tissue specimens, and PD-L1 expression was detected in 46.0% of the samples. PD-L1 expression was negatively correlated with the tumor size and mitotic index but positively correlated with the number of CD8+ T cells. There were significant differences in the number of CD8+ T cells between different gene mutation types. Wild type-mutant GISTs were enriched with CD8+ T cells as compared with KIT- and PDGFRA-mutant GISTs. The number of CD8+ T cells was higher in non-gastric GISTs. PD-L1 and CD8+ T cells were independent predictors for better relapse-free survival of GISTs. Conclusions PD-L1 expression is a predictive biomarker for better prognosis of GISTs. Non-gastric GIST patients with wild-type mutations may be the beneficiaries of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Gao, ; Kuntang Shen,
| | - Kuntang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Gao, ; Kuntang Shen,
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lee EY, Kim M, Choi BK, Kim DH, Choi I, You HJ. TJP1 Contributes to Tumor Progression through Supporting Cell-Cell Aggregation and Communicating with Tumor Microenvironment in Leiomyosarcoma. Mol Cells 2021; 44:784-794. [PMID: 34764231 PMCID: PMC8627839 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a mesenchymal malignancy with a complex karyotype. Despite accumulated evidence, the factors contributing to the development of LMS are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of tight-junction protein 1 (TJP1), a membrane-associated intercellular barrier protein during the development of LMS and the tumor microenvironment. We orthotopically transplanted SK-LMS-1 cells and their derivatives in terms of TJP1 expression by intramuscular injection, such as SK-LMS-1 Sh-Control cells and SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1. We observed robust tumor growth in mice transplanted with LMS cell lines expressing TJP1 while no tumor mass was found in mice transplanted with SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1 cells with silenced TJP1 expression. Tissues from mice were stained and further analyzed to clarify the effects of TJP1 expression on tumor development and the tumor microenvironment. To identify the TJP1-dependent factors important in the development of LMS, genes with altered expression were selected in SK-LMS-1 cells such as cyclinD1, CSF1 and so on. The top 10% of highly expressed genes in LMS tissues were obtained from public databases. Further analysis revealed two clusters related to cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, integrated analyses of the gene expression networks revealed correlations among TJP1, CSF1 and CTLA4 at the mRNA level, suggesting a possible role for TJP1 in the immune environment. Taken together, these results imply that TJP1 contributes to the development of sarcoma by proliferation through modulating cell-cell aggregation and communication through cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and might be a beneficial therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Beom K. Choi
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Dae Hong Kim
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Hye Jin You
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy (NCC-GCSP), National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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Griffiths TT, Arango MWF, Smith IM, Wade RG. The baseline neutrophil lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in soft-tissue sarcoma: A 17-year cohort study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 75:1372-1379. [PMID: 34955395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal ratios of peripheral blood cells, e.g. neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), are strongly associated with poor outcomes in numerous cancers. In soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), the NLR has been studied in populations outside the UK although many have major methodological flaws, which represents the rationale for this study. METHODS Over 17 years old (2002-2019) adults with extremity STS were included. The baseline NLR (at the time of diagnosis) was calculated. The association between NLR, disease recurrence and survival was explored using cubic splines and a threshold of 3 selected, which is in keeping with the literature. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence with Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Overall, 401 patients were included. The median follow-up was 3 years 8 months (interquartile range 1 years 7 months to 5 years 2 months). During surveillance 148 died (37%), of which 123 (76%) were attributable to sarcoma. At the time of diagnosis, an NLR≥3 was independently associated with worse overall survival (adjusted HR 1.44 [95% 1.01, 2.03]). However, the baseline NLR was not associated with the risk of recurrence (adjusted HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.62, 1.57]) or disease-free survival (adjusted HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.79, 1.56]). CONCLUSIONS At the time of diagnosis of STS, the NLR is strongly associated with survival and may serve as a cheap and readily available biomarker to personalise treatment plans for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian M Smith
- Academic Plastic Surgery Office, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Ryckie G Wade
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Academic Plastic Surgery Office, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK.
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Kinase Inhibitors' Effects on Innate Immunity in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225695. [PMID: 34830850 PMCID: PMC8616517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we evaluate the updated data of the immunological effects of kinase inhibitors on the innate immune system and provide an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms. We also discuss how this immunological effect can be harnessed to improve cancer treatment and highlight recent successes, such as the combination with anti-tumor immunotherapy. Last, we explore novel kinase targets and the incorporation of them with targeted drug delivery techniques as promising research areas. Abstract Innate immune cells constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment. Because of their high tumor infiltration and close interaction with resident tumor cells, they are compelling targets for anti-cancer therapy through either ablation or functionally reprogramming. Kinase inhibitors (KIs) that target aberrant signaling pathways in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis have been shown to have additional immunological effects on myeloid cells that may contribute to a protective antitumor immune response. However, in patients with malignancies, these effects are poorly described, warranting meticulous research to identify KIs’ optimal immunomodulatory effect to support developing targeted and more effective immunotherapy. As many of these KIs are currently in clinical trials awaiting approval for the treatment of several types of solid cancer, we evaluate here the information on this drug class’s immunological effects and how such mechanisms can be harnessed to improve combined treatment regimens in cancer.
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Zhi L, Su X, Yin M, Zhang Z, Lu H, Niu Z, Guo C, Zhu W, Zhang X. Genetical engineering for NK and T cell immunotherapy with CRISPR/Cas9 technology: Implications and challenges. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104436. [PMID: 34500148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become one of the most promising strategies in cancer therapies. Among the therapeutic alternatives, genetically engineered NK/T cell therapies have emerged as powerful and innovative therapeutic modalities for cancer patients with precise targeting and impressive efficacy. Nonetheless, this approach still faces multiple challenges, such as immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, exhaustion of immune effector cells in tumors, off-target effects manufacturing complexity, and poor infiltration of effector cells, all of which need to be overcome for further utilization to cancers. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, with the goal of enhancing the efficacy and increasing the availability of engineered effector cell therapies, has shown considerable potential in the novel strategies and options to overcome these limitations. Here we review the current progress of the applications of CRISPR in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss issues related to the NK/T cell applications, gene delivery methods, efficiency, challenges, and implications of CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Zhi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xin Su
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Meichen Yin
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zikang Zhang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Lu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Niu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wuling Zhu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
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Klaver Y, Rijnders M, Oostvogels A, Wijers R, Smid M, Grünhagen D, Verhoef C, Sleijfer S, Lamers C, Debets R. Differential quantities of immune checkpoint-expressing CD8 T cells in soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000271. [PMID: 32792357 PMCID: PMC7430493 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Local T-cell immunity is recognized for its contribution to the evolution and therapy response of various carcinomas. Here, we investigated characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as T-cell evasive mechanisms in different soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes. Methods Liposarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), leiomyosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma and pleomorphic sarcomas were assessed for T-cell numbers and phenotypes using flow cytometry. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze T-cell receptor repertoire, mutational load, immune cell frequencies, and expression of immune-related genes. Results GIST, myxofibrosarcoma and pleomorphic sarcoma showed high numbers of CD8+ TILs, with GIST having the lowest fraction of effector memory T cells. These TILs coexpress the immune checkpoints PD1, TIM3, and LAG3 in myxofibrosarcoma and pleomorphic sarcoma, yet TILs coexpressing these checkpoints were near negligible in GIST. Fractions of dominant T-cell clones among STS subtypes were lowest in GIST and liposarcoma, whereas mutational load was relatively low in all STS subtypes. Furthermore, myeloid-derived cells and expression of the costimulatory ligands CD86, ICOS-L and 41BB-L were lowest in GIST when compared with other STS subtypes. Conclusion STS subtypes differ with respect to number and phenotypical signs of antitumor responsiveness of CD8+ TILs. Notably, GIST, myxofibrosarcoma and pleomorphic sarcoma harbor high numbers of CD8+ T cells, yet in the GIST microenvironment, these T cells are less differentiated and non-exhausted, which is accompanied with a relatively low expression of costimulatory ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarne Klaver
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Rijnders
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Oostvogels
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wijers
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Grünhagen
- General Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- General Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lamers
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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