1
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Lee KW, Yam JWP, Mao X. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Shift from Conventional Approach to New Generations. Cells 2023; 12:2147. [PMID: 37681880 PMCID: PMC10486560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) have gained significant attention. However, their therapeutic efficacies are limited due to the presence of cold type tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immune-related side effects. On the other hand, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been suggested as a new cancer immunotherapy regimen that can address the limitations encountered by ICBs and ACTs. Despite the success of the first generation of DC-based vaccines, represented by the first FDA-approved DC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, several challenges remain unsolved. Therefore, new DC vaccine strategies have been actively investigated. This review addresses the limitations of the currently most adopted classical DC vaccine and evaluates new generations of DC vaccines in detail, including biomaterial-based, immunogenic cell death-inducing, mRNA-pulsed, DC small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based, and tumor sEV-based DC vaccines. These innovative DC vaccines are envisioned to provide a significant breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy landscape and are expected to be supported by further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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2
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Dong H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Teng Z, Mou Y. Biomaterials Facilitating Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301339. [PMID: 37088780 PMCID: PMC10288267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the application of traditional DC-mediated immunotherapy is limited due to insufficient antigen delivery, inadequate antigen presentation, and high levels of immunosuppression. To address these challenges, engineered biomaterials have been exploited to enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, vital principal components that can enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects are first introduced. The parameters considered in the rational design of biomaterials, including targeting modifications, size, shape, surface, and mechanical properties, which can affect biomaterial optimization of DC functions, are further summarized. Moreover, recent applications of various engineered biomaterials in the field of DC-mediated immunotherapy are reviewed, including those serve as immune component delivery platforms, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and synergistically enhance the effects of other antitumor therapies. Overall, the present review comprehensively and systematically summarizes biomaterials related to the promotion of DC functions; and specifically focuses on the recent advances in biomaterial designs for DC activation to eradicate tumors. The challenges and opportunities of treatment strategies designed to amplify DCs via the application of biomaterials are discussed with the aim of inspiring the clinical translation of future DC-mediated cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information DisplaysJiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced MaterialsNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjingJiangsu210023P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
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3
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Chen R, Li Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Wu H, Lin T, Chen S. Immune evaluation of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor loaded hierarchically 3D nanofiber scaffolds in a humanized mice model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159068. [PMID: 37034265 PMCID: PMC10080111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune evaluation of biomaterials for tissue regeneration is a critical preclinical evaluation. The current evaluation criterion (ISO 10993-1 or GB/T 16886) uses rodents to perform the immune evaluation. However, the immune system of rodents is different from humans, the obtained results may not be reliable, which could lead directly to the failure of clinical trials. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) shows a great potential application in tissue regeneration by regulating local immune responses. The presented work combines the advantages of GM-CSF (immunoregulation) and hierarchically 3D nanofiber scaffolds (tissue regeneration). Methods: Firstly, we fabricated GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds, and then subcutaneous implantation was performed in humanized mice. The whole scaffold and surrounding tissue were harvested at each indicated time point. Finally, the cell infiltration and local immune responses were detected by histological observations, including H&E and Masson staining and immunochemistry. Results: We found significant cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition within the 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffold after subcutaneous implantation. The locally released GM-CSF could accelerate the expression of human dendritic cells (CD11c) only 3 days after subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, higher expression of human cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), M1 macrophages (CD68/CCR7) was detected within GM-CSF loaded radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds and their surrounding tissues. Conclusions: The 3D radially aligned scaffold can accelerate cell migration from surrounding tissues to regenerate the wound area. And the locally released GM-CSF enhances dendritic cell recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T cells and M1 macrophages. Taken together, the GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds have a promising potential for achieving tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Zhuang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
| | - Tao Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
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4
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Cunningham N, Lapointe R, Lerouge S. Biomaterials for enhanced immunotherapy. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:041502. [PMID: 36561511 PMCID: PMC9767681 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancers, with exciting results often superior to conventional treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy. Despite this success, limitations such as limited treatment persistence and toxic side effects remain to be addressed to further improve treatment efficacy. Biomaterials offer numerous advantages in the concentration, localization and controlled release of drugs, cancer antigens, and immune cells in order to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies. This review summarizes and highlights the most recent advances in the use of biomaterials for immunotherapies including drug delivery and cancer vaccines, with a particular focus on biomaterials for immune cell delivery.
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5
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Malek-Khatabi A, Tabandeh Z, Nouri A, Mozayan E, Sartorius R, Rahimi S, Jamaledin R. Long-Term Vaccine Delivery and Immunological Responses Using Biodegradable Polymer-Based Carriers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5015-5040. [PMID: 36214209 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are largely employed in the biomedical field, ranging from tissue regeneration to drug/vaccine delivery. The biodegradable polymers are highly biocompatible and possess negligible toxicity. In addition, biomaterial-based vaccines possess adjuvant properties, thereby enhancing immune responses. This Review introduces the use of different biodegradable polymers and their degradation mechanism. Different kinds of vaccines, as well as the interaction between the carriers with the immune system, then are highlighted. Natural and synthetic biodegradable micro-/nanoplatforms, hydrogels, and scaffolds for local or targeted and controlled vaccine release are subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Malek-Khatabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Zahra Tabandeh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731753153, Iran
| | - Akram Nouri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 141556455, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mozayan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731753153, Iran
| | | | - Shahnaz Rahimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 141556455, Iran
| | - Rezvan Jamaledin
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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6
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Huang Z, Callmann CE, Wang S, Vasher MK, Evangelopoulos M, Petrosko SH, Mirkin CA. Rational Vaccinology: Harnessing Nanoscale Chemical Design for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:692-704. [PMID: 35756370 PMCID: PMC9228553 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful treatment strategy that mobilizes the immune system to fight disease. Cancer vaccination is one form of cancer immunotherapy, where spatiotemporal control of the delivery of tumor-specific antigens, adjuvants, and/or cytokines has been key to successfully activating the immune system. Nanoscale materials that take advantage of chemistry to control the nanoscale structural arrangement, composition, and release of immunostimulatory components have shown significant promise in this regard. In this Outlook, we examine how the nanoscale structure, chemistry, and composition of immunostimulatory compounds can be modulated to maximize immune response and mitigate off-target effects, focusing on spherical nucleic acids as a model system. Furthermore, we emphasize how chemistry and materials science are driving the rational design and development of next-generation cancer vaccines. Finally, we identify gaps in the field that should be addressed moving forward and outline future directions to galvanize researchers from multiple disciplines to help realize the full potential of this form of cancer immunotherapy through chemistry and rational vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K. Vasher
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Dendritic cells in cancer immunology. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:3-13. [PMID: 34480145 PMCID: PMC8752832 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune regulation. Much of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted principles. Expanding these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational efforts. With this mindset, we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ICT. Specifically, this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell (DC) biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic use. First, we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs, identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of DCs. Second, we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation, which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an enigma. This pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic target. Finally, we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing, in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell responses. Each topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L. Murphy
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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8
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Najibi AJ, Shih TY, Mooney DJ. Cryogel vaccines effectively induce immune responses independent of proximity to the draining lymph nodes. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121329. [PMID: 34954588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The delivery location of traditional vaccines can impact immune responses and resulting efficacy. Cryogel-based cancer vaccines, which are typically injected near the inguinal lymph nodes (iLNs), recruit and activate dendritic cells (DC) in situ, induce DC homing to the iLNs, and have generated potent anti-tumor immunity against several murine cancer models. However, whether cryogel vaccination distance to a draining LN affects the kinetics of DC homing and downstream antigen-specific immunity is unknown, given the heightened importance of the scaffold vaccine site. We hypothesized that vaccination near the iLNs would lead to more rapid DC trafficking to the iLNs, thereby inducing faster and stronger immune responses. Here, mice were injected with cryogel vaccines against ovalbumin either adjacent or distal to the iLNs, and the resultant DC trafficking kinetics, T cell phenotypes, antigen-specific T cell and humoral responses, and prophylactic efficacy in an ovalbumin-expressing tumor model were assessed. Cryogel vaccines induced potent, long-lasting antigen-specific immune responses independent of distance to the iLNs, with no significant differences in DC trafficking kinetics, ovalbumin-specific T cell and antibody responses, or prophylactic efficacy. Moreover, DC trafficking and activation state were not impacted when cryogels were injected near a tumor. These results demonstrate a flexibility in vaccination location for scaffold-based vaccines, independent of draining LN distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Shih
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Pi J, Xing D, Wang C. Localized delivery of immunotherapeutics: A rising trend in the field. J Control Release 2021; 340:149-167. [PMID: 34699871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming a new standard of care for multiple cancers, while several limitations are impending its further clinical success. Immunotherapeutic agents often have inappropriate pharmacokinetics on their own and/or exhibit limited specificity to tumor cells, leading to severe immuno-related adverse effects and limited efficacy. Suitable formulating strategies that confer prolonged contact with or efficient proliferation in tumors while reducing exposure to normal tissues are highly worthy to explore. With the assistance of biomaterial carriers, targeted therapy can be achieved artificially by implanting or injecting drug depots into desired sites, about which the wisdoms in literature have been rich. The relevant results have suggested a "local but systemic" effect, that is, local replenishment of immune modulators achieves a high treatment efficacy that also governs distant metastases, thereby building another rationale for localized delivery. Particularly, implantable scaffolds have been further engineered to recruit disseminated tumor cells with an efficiency high enough to reduce tumor burdens at typical metastatic organs, and simultaneously provide diagnostic signals. This review introduces recent advances in this emerging area along with a perspective on the opportunities and challenges in the way to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiuchan Pi
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Correa S, Grosskopf AK, Lopez Hernandez H, Chan D, Yu AC, Stapleton LM, Appel EA. Translational Applications of Hydrogels. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11385-11457. [PMID: 33938724 PMCID: PMC8461619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in hydrogel technology have unlocked unique and valuable capabilities that are being applied to a diverse set of translational applications. Hydrogels perform functions relevant to a range of biomedical purposes-they can deliver drugs or cells, regenerate hard and soft tissues, adhere to wet tissues, prevent bleeding, provide contrast during imaging, protect tissues or organs during radiotherapy, and improve the biocompatibility of medical implants. These capabilities make hydrogels useful for many distinct and pressing diseases and medical conditions and even for less conventional areas such as environmental engineering. In this review, we cover the major capabilities of hydrogels, with a focus on the novel benefits of injectable hydrogels, and how they relate to translational applications in medicine and the environment. We pay close attention to how the development of contemporary hydrogels requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration to accomplish highly specific and complex biological tasks that range from cancer immunotherapy to tissue engineering to vaccination. We complement our discussion of preclinical and clinical development of hydrogels with mechanical design considerations needed for scaling injectable hydrogel technologies for clinical application. We anticipate that readers will gain a more complete picture of the expansive possibilities for hydrogels to make practical and impactful differences across numerous fields and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Correa
- Materials
Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail K. Grosskopf
- Chemical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Materials
Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Doreen Chan
- Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Materials
Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Eric A. Appel
- Materials
Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Pediatric
Endocrinology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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11
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Biomaterial vaccines capturing pathogen-associated molecular patterns protect against bacterial infections and septic shock. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 6:8-18. [PMID: 34239117 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most bacterial vaccines work for a subset of bacterial strains or require the modification of the antigen or isolation of the pathogen before vaccine development. Here we report injectable biomaterial vaccines that trigger potent humoral and T-cell responses to bacterial antigens by recruiting, reprogramming and releasing dendritic cells. The vaccines are assembled from regulatorily approved products and consist of a scaffold with absorbed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CpG-rich oligonucleotides incorporating superparamagnetic microbeads coated with the broad-spectrum opsonin Fc-mannose-binding lectin for the magnetic capture of pathogen-associated molecular patterns from inactivated bacterial-cell-wall lysates. The vaccines protect mice against skin infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mice and pigs against septic shock from a lethal Escherichia coli challenge and, when loaded with pathogen-associated molecular patterns isolated from infected animals, uninfected animals against a challenge with different E. coli serotypes. The strong immunogenicity and low incidence of adverse events, a modular manufacturing process, and the use of components compatible with current good manufacturing practice could make this vaccine technology suitable for responding to bacterial pandemics and biothreats.
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12
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Mansouri V, Beheshtizadeh N, Gharibshahian M, Sabouri L, Varzandeh M, Rezaei N. Recent advances in regenerative medicine strategies for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111875. [PMID: 34229250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as one of the most leading causes of death worldwide, while one of the most significant challenges in treating it is revealing novel alternatives to predict, diagnose, and eradicate tumor cell growth. Although various methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, are used today to treat cancer, its mortality rate is still high due to the numerous shortcomings of each approach. Regenerative medicine field, including tissue engineering, cell therapy, gene therapy, participate in cancer treatment and development of cancer models to improve the understanding of cancer biology. The final intention is to convey fundamental and laboratory research to effective clinical treatments, from the bench to the bedside. Proper interpretation of research attempts helps to lessen the burden of treatment and illness for patients. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of regenerative medicine in accelerating and improving cancer treatment. This study examines the capabilities of regenerative medicine in providing novel cancer treatments and the effectiveness of these treatments to clarify this path as much as possible and promote advanced future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Chauhan DS, Dhasmana A, Laskar P, Prasad R, Jain NK, Srivastava R, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Nanotechnology synergized immunoengineering for cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:72-101. [PMID: 33774162 PMCID: PMC8170847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel strategies modulating the immune system yielded enhanced anticancer responses and improved cancer survival. Nevertheless, the success rate of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has been below expectation(s) due to unpredictable efficacy and off-target effects from systemic dosing of immunotherapeutic(s). As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for improving conventional immunotherapy. Nanotechnology offers several new strategies, multimodality, and multiplex biological targeting advantage to overcome many of these challenges. These efforts enable programming the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and delivery of immunomodulatory agents/co-delivery of compounds to prime at the tumor sites for improved therapeutic benefits. This review provides an overview of the design and clinical principles of biomaterials driven nanotechnology and their potential use in personalized nanomedicines, vaccines, localized tumor modulation, and delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we also summarize the latest highlights and recent advances in combinatorial therapies availed in the treatment of cold and complicated tumors. It also presents key steps and parameters implemented for clinical success. Finally, we analyse, discuss, and provide clinical perspectives on the integrated opportunities of nanotechnology and immunology to achieve synergistic and durable responses in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Partha Laskar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nishant K Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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14
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Han L, Peng K, Qiu LY, Li M, Ruan JH, He LL, Yuan ZX. Hitchhiking on Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Cancer Vaccines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679602. [PMID: 34040536 PMCID: PMC8141731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines represent among the most promising strategies in the battle against cancers. However, the clinical efficacy of current cancer vaccines is largely limited by the lack of optimized delivery systems to generate strong and persistent antitumor immune responses. Moreover, most cancer vaccines require multiple injections to boost the immune responses, leading to poor patient compliance. Controlled-release drug delivery systems are able to address these issues by presenting drugs in a controlled spatiotemporal manner, which allows co-delivery of multiple drugs, reduction of dosing frequency and avoidance of significant systemic toxicities. In this review, we outline the recent progress in cancer vaccines including subunit vaccines, genetic vaccines, dendritic cell-based vaccines, tumor cell-based vaccines and in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we highlight the efforts and challenges of controlled or sustained release drug delivery systems (e.g., microparticles, scaffolds, injectable gels, and microneedles) in ameliorating the safety, effectiveness and operability of cancer vaccines. Finally, we briefly discuss the correlations of vaccine release kinetics and the immune responses to enlighten the rational design of the next-generation platforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- School of pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Hua Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Li He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Chin AL, Wang X, Tong R. Aliphatic Polyester-Based Materials for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100087. [PMID: 33909344 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its copolymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), based aliphatic polyesters have been extensively used for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery system and tissue engineering, thanks to their biodegradability, benign toxicity, renewability, and adjustable mechanical properties. A rapidly growing field of cancer research, the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines or treatment modalities is aimed to deliver immunomodulatory signals that control the quality of immune responses against tumors. Herein, the progress and applications of PLA and PLGA are reviewed in delivering immunotherapeutics to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lin Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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16
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Thakur N, Thakur S, Chatterjee S, Das J, Sil PC. Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:597806. [PMID: 33409265 PMCID: PMC7779678 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.597806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of many forms of cancer by stimulating body's own immune system. This therapy not only eradicates tumor cells by inducing strong anti-tumor immune response but also prevent their recurrence. The clinical cancer immunotherapy faces some insurmountable challenges including high immune-mediated toxicity, lack of effective and targeted delivery of cancer antigens to immune cells and off-target side effects. However, nanotechnology offers some solutions to overcome those limitations, and thus can potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review focuses on the advancement of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of immunostimulating agents for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Here we have outlined the use of the immunostimulatory nanoparticles as a smart carrier for effective delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants, type of interactions between nanoparticles and the antigen/adjuvant as well as the factors controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and the receptors on antigen presenting cells. Besides, the role of nanoparticles in targeting/activating immune cells and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has also been discussed extensively. Finally, we have summarized some theranostic applications of the immunomodulatory nanomaterials in treating cancers based on the earlier published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Thakur
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Saloni Thakur
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | | | - Joydeep Das
- Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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17
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Vaccine implants: current status and recent advancements. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:319-330. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Implants have long been used in the field of drug delivery as controlled release vehicles and are now being investigated as single-shot vaccine technologies. Implants have shown great promise, minimizing the need for multiple immunizations while stimulating potent immune responses with reduced doses of vaccine. Synchronous release of vaccine components from implants over an appropriate period of time is important in order to avoid issues including immune tolerance, sequestration or deletion. Traditionally, implants require surgical implantation and removal, which can be a barrier to their widespread use. Degradable and in situ implants are now being developed that can be administered using minimally invasive subcutaneous or intramuscular injection techniques. Injectable hydrogels remain the most commonly studied approach for sustained vaccine delivery due to their ease of administration and tunable degradation properties. Despite exciting advancements in the field of vaccine implants, few technologies have progressed to clinical trials. To increase the likelihood of clinical translation of vaccine implants, strategic testing of disease-relevant antigens in appropriate species is essential. In this review, the significance of vaccine implants and the different types of implants being developed to deliver vaccines are discussed.
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18
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Roth G, Gale EC, Alcántara-Hernández M, Luo W, Axpe E, Verma R, Yin Q, Yu AC, Lopez Hernandez H, Maikawa CL, Smith AAA, Davis MM, Pulendran B, Idoyaga J, Appel EA. Injectable Hydrogels for Sustained Codelivery of Subunit Vaccines Enhance Humoral Immunity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1800-1812. [PMID: 33145416 PMCID: PMC7596866 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines aim to elicit a robust, yet targeted, immune response. Failure of a vaccine to elicit such a response arises in part from inappropriate temporal control over antigen and adjuvant presentation to the immune system. In this work, we sought to exploit the immune system's natural response to extended pathogen exposure during infection by designing an easily administered slow-delivery vaccine platform. We utilized an injectable and self-healing polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel platform to prolong the codelivery of vaccine components to the immune system. We demonstrated that these hydrogels exhibit unique delivery characteristics, whereby physicochemically distinct compounds (such as antigen and adjuvant) could be codelivered over the course of weeks. When administered in mice, hydrogel-based sustained vaccine exposure enhanced the magnitude, duration, and quality of the humoral immune response compared to standard PBS bolus administration of the same model vaccine. We report that the creation of a local inflammatory niche within the hydrogel, coupled with sustained exposure of vaccine cargo, enhanced the magnitude and duration of germinal center responses in the lymph nodes. This strengthened germinal center response promoted greater antibody affinity maturation, resulting in a more than 1000-fold increase in antigen-specific antibody affinity in comparison to bolus immunization. In summary, this work introduces a simple and effective vaccine delivery platform that increases the potency and durability of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie
A. Roth
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eneko Axpe
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Caitlin L. Maikawa
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anton A. A. Smith
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- The
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Program
in Immunology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H
Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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19
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Abstract
A major function of the immune system is to detect threat from foreign invaders, tissue damage, or cancer and to mount a counter response that resolves the threat, restores homeostasis, and supplies immunological memory to prevent a second assault. Our increasing understanding of the immune system has opened up numerous avenues for modulating immune responses against infections, cancer, and autoimmunity. However, agents used for immunomodulation have been traditionally administered systemically via bolus injection, leading to unintended consequences by disrupting homeostasis at nontarget sites. Consequently, systemic hyperactivation and hypoactivation can result from bolus administration of immune-activators and immunosuppressants, respectively. Macroscale biomaterial scaffolds can instead be placed at the intended target site to provide both localized, controlled release of immunomodulatory agents and control over local immune cell trafficking and function, potentially maximizing therapeutic efficacy and limiting systemic exposure. These scaffolds have found utility in the area of cancer immunotherapy, especially in situ cancer vaccination where controlled release of factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the local presentation of tumor antigen and danger signals lead to the recruitment of immature dendritic cells and facilitate their activation and antigen presentation. These cells eventually migrate into secondary lymphoid organs where they prime tumor specific T cells for downstream tumor clearance. Scaffolds can also be used in adoptive T cell therapy to generate large numbers of potent antigen specific T cells or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in vitro for subsequent delivery to patients. Macroscale biomaterial scaffolds have also found utility beyond cancer immunotherapy and have been developed to promote immune tolerance by regulatory T cell induction and to expedite tissue regeneration. The design of these macroscale biomaterial scaffolds considers their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mode of delivery, porosity, and kinetics of therapeutic cargo release. Consequently, the numerous approaches that have been developed to fabricate biomaterial scaffolds are aimed at tuning these parameters to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome. This Account will discuss the use of biomaterial scaffolds as niches for immunomodulation and will focus on (1) approaches that have been used to fabricate various biomaterial systems being employed as niches for immunomodulation and (2) how these biomaterial systems have been used to modulate immune responses, specifically in area of cancer immunotherapy, where we will discuss the role of macroscale biomaterial scaffolds for in situ vaccination and in vitro T cell expansion. We will also briefly discuss the utility of biomaterial scaffolds beyond cancer, drawing examples from tolerance and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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20
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Yang C, Blum NT, Lin J, Qu J, Huang P. Biomaterial scaffold-based local drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1489-1504. [PMID: 36747406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has attracted tremendous attention due to the remarkable clinical successes for treating a broad spectrum of tumors. One challenge for cancer immunotherapy is the inability to control localization and sustain concentrations of therapeutics at tumor sites. Local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) like the biomaterial scaffold-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for delivering immunotherapeutic agents facilely and intensively in situ with reduced systemic toxicity. In this review, recent advances in biomaterial scaffold-based LDDSs for the administration of immunotherapeutic agents including vaccines, immunomodulators, and immune cells are summarized. Moreover, co-delivery systems are also evaluated for local immunotherapy-involving combination anti-tumor therapy, including chemotherapy-immunotherapy, photothermal-immunotherapy, and other combination therapies. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on the development of next-generation LDDSs for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nicholas Thomas Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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21
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Cai L, Xu J, Yang Z, Tong R, Dong Z, Wang C, Leong KW. Engineered biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:35-46. [PMID: 34766108 PMCID: PMC8489675 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy is showing tremendous promise and has progressed to the clinic, it has only achieved sporadic efficacy, with only a fraction of patients benefitting from the therapy and with undesirable side effects due to poor selectivity and high doses. Localized delivery of immunomodulators to activate anticancer immunity in situ avoids overactivation of the systemic immune system and reduces side effects. Engineered biomaterials-implantable, injectable, or transdermal-fabricated into drug delivery devices are critical components for the development of localized cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we briefly summarize progress in the application of engineered biomaterials to the localized delivery of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Studythe Institute of Laboratory MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
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22
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Nguyen HV, Faivre V. Targeted drug delivery therapies inspired by natural taxes. J Control Release 2020; 322:439-456. [PMID: 32259545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A taxis is the movement responding to a stimulus of an organism. This behavior helps organisms to migrate, to find food or to avoid dangers. By mimicking and using natural taxes, many bio-inspired and bio-hybrid drug delivery systems have been synthesized. Under the guidance of physical and chemical stimuli, drug-loaded carriers are led to a target, for example tumors, then locally release the drug, inducing a therapeutic effect without influencing other parts of the body. On the other hand, for moving targets, for example metastasis cancer cells or bacteria, taking advantage of their taxes behavior is a solution to capture and to eliminate them. For instance, several traps and ecological niches have been fabricated to attract cancer cells by releasing chemokines. Cancer cells are then eliminated by drug loaded inside the trap, by radiotherapy focusing on the trap location or by simply removing the trap. Further research is needed to deeply understand the taxis behavior of organisms, which is essential to ameliorate the performance of taxes-inspired drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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23
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Ferber S, Gonzalez RJ, Cryer AM, von Andrian UH, Artzi N. Immunology-Guided Biomaterial Design for Mucosal Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903847. [PMID: 31833592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of mucosal tissues is a major cause of worldwide mortality for which only palliative treatments are available for patients with late-stage disease. Engineered cancer vaccines offer a promising approach for inducing antitumor immunity. The route of vaccination plays a major role in dictating the migratory pattern of lymphocytes, and thus vaccine efficacy in mucosal tissues. Parenteral immunization, specifically subcutaneous and intramuscular, is the most common vaccination route. However, this induces marginal mucosal protection in the absence of tissue-specific imprinting signals. To circumvent this, the mucosal route can be utilized, however degradative mucosal barriers must be overcome. Hence, vaccine administration route and selection of materials able to surmount transport barriers are important considerations in mucosal cancer vaccine design. Here, an overview of mucosal immunity in the context of cancer and mucosal cancer clinical trials is provided. Key considerations are described regarding the design of biomaterial-based vaccines that will afford antitumor immune protection at mucosal surfaces, despite limited knowledge surrounding mucosal vaccination, particularly aided by biomaterials and mechanistic immune-material interactions. Finally, an outlook is given of how future biomaterial-based mucosal cancer vaccines will be shaped by new discoveries in mucosal vaccinology, tumor immunology, immuno-therapeutic screens, and material-immune system interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Ferber
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rodrigo J Gonzalez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Cryer
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Shields CW, Wang LLW, Evans MA, Mitragotri S. Materials for Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901633. [PMID: 31250498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in materials engineering have accelerated the progress of immunotherapy in preclinical studies. The interplay of chemistry and materials has resulted in improved loading, targeting, and release of immunomodulatory agents. An overview of the materials that are used to enable or improve the success of immunotherapies in preclinical studies is presented, from immunosuppressive to proinflammatory strategies, with particular emphasis on technologies poised for clinical translation. The materials are organized based on their characteristic length scale, whereby the enabling feature of each technology is organized by the structure of that material. For example, the mechanisms by which i) nanoscale materials can improve targeting and infiltration of immunomodulatory payloads into tissues and cells, ii) microscale materials can facilitate cell-mediated transport and serve as artificial antigen-presenting cells, and iii) macroscale materials can form the basis of artificial microenvironments to promote cell infiltration and reprogramming are discussed. As a step toward establishing a set of design rules for future immunotherapies, materials that intrinsically activate or suppress the immune system are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the trajectory of these systems and how they may be improved to address unsolved challenges in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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25
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Birmpilis AI, Karachaliou CE, Samara P, Ioannou K, Selemenakis P, Kostopoulos IV, Kavrochorianou N, Kalbacher H, Livaniou E, Haralambous S, Kotsinas A, Farzaneh F, Trougakos IP, Voelter W, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A, Tsitsilonis O. Antitumor Reactive T-Cell Responses Are Enhanced In Vivo by DAMP Prothymosin Alpha and Its C-Terminal Decapeptide. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111764. [PMID: 31717548 PMCID: PMC6896021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin α (proTα) and its C-terminal decapeptide proTα(100-109) were shown to pleiotropically enhance innate and adaptive immune responses. Their activities have been broadly studied in vitro, focusing primarily on the restoration of the deficient immunoreactivity of cancer patients' leukocytes. Previously, we showed that proTα and proTα(100-109) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), ligate Toll-like receptor-4, signal through TRIF- and MyD88-dependent pathways, promote the maturation of dendritic cells and elicit T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses in vitro, leading to the optimal priming of tumor antigen-reactive T-cell functions. Herein, we assessed their activity in a preclinical melanoma model. Immunocompetent mice bearing B16.F1 tumors were treated with two cycles of proTα or proTα(100-109) together with a B16.F1-derived peptide vaccine. Coadministration of proTα or proTα(100-109) and the peptide vaccine suppressed melanoma-cell proliferation, as evidenced by reduced tumor-growth rates. Higher melanoma infiltration by CD3+ T cells was observed, whereas ex vivo analysis of mouse total spleen cells verified the in vivo induction of melanoma-reactive cytotoxic responses. Additionally, increased levels of proinflammatory and Th1-type cytokines were detected in mouse serum. We propose that, in the presence of tumor antigens, DAMPs proTα and proTα(100-109) induce Th1-biased immune responses in vivo. Their adjuvant ability to orchestrate antitumor immunoreactivities can eventually be exploited therapeutically in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios I. Birmpilis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (C.-E.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Kyriaki Ioannou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
- King’s College London, Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK;
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Nadia Kavrochorianou
- Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen. Germany; (H.K.); (W.V.)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (C.-E.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Sylva Haralambous
- Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Athanasios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- King’s College London, Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, UK;
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen. Germany; (H.K.); (W.V.)
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.-A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.-A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.I.B.); (P.S.); (K.I.); (I.V.K.); (I.P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4215; Fax: +30-210-727-4635
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Calmeiro J, Carrascal M, Gomes C, Falcão A, Cruz MT, Neves BM. Biomaterial-based platforms for in situ dendritic cell programming and their use in antitumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:238. [PMID: 31484548 PMCID: PMC6727507 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses. These functional characteristics have led to intense research on the development of DC-based immunotherapies, particularly for oncologic diseases. During recent decades, DC-based vaccines have generated very promising results in animal studies, and more than 300 clinical assays have demonstrated the safety profile of this approach. However, clinical data are inconsistent, and clear evidence of meaningful efficacy is still lacking. One of the reasons for this lack of evidence is the limited functional abilities of the used ex vivo-differentiated DCs. Therefore, alternative approaches for targeting and modulating endogenous DC subpopulations have emerged as an attractive concept. Here, we sought to revise the evolution of several strategies for the in situ mobilization and modulation of DCs. The first approaches using chemokine-secreting irradiated tumor cells are addressed, and special attention is given to the cutting-edge injectable bioengineered platforms, programmed to release chemoattractants, tumor antigens and DC maturating agents. Finally, we discuss how our increasing knowledge of DC biology, the use of neoantigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can leverage the refinement of these polymeric vaccines to boost their antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Calmeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mylène Carrascal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto - Edifício 30, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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27
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Theisen DJ, Davidson JT, Briseño CG, Gargaro M, Lauron EJ, Wang Q, Desai P, Durai V, Bagadia P, Brickner JR, Beatty WL, Virgin HW, Gillanders WE, Mosammaparast N, Diamond MS, Sibley LD, Yokoyama W, Schreiber RD, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. WDFY4 is required for cross-presentation in response to viral and tumor antigens. Science 2019; 362:694-699. [PMID: 30409884 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the process of cross-presentation, viral or tumor-derived antigens are presented to CD8+ T cells by Batf3-dependent CD8α+/XCR1+ classical dendritic cells (cDC1s). We designed a functional CRISPR screen for previously unknown regulators of cross-presentation, and identified the BEACH domain-containing protein WDFY4 as essential for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by cDC1s in mice. However, WDFY4 was not required for major histocompatibility complex class II presentation, nor for cross-presentation by monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In contrast to Batf3 -/- mice, Wdfy4 -/- mice displayed normal lymphoid and nonlymphoid cDC1 populations that produce interleukin-12 and protect against Toxoplasma gondii infection. However, similar to Batf3 -/- mice, Wdfy4 -/- mice failed to prime virus-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo or induce tumor rejection, revealing a critical role for cross-presentation in antiviral and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jesse T Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elvin J Lauron
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua R Brickner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William E Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wayne Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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28
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Garland KM, Sevimli S, Kilchrist KV, Duvall CL, Cook RS, Wilson JT. Microparticle Depots for Controlled and Sustained Release of Endosomolytic Nanoparticles. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:429-442. [PMID: 31719925 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nucleic acids have gained recognition as promising immunomodulatory therapeutics. However, their potential is limited by several drug delivery barriers, and there is a need for technologies that enhance intracellular delivery of nucleic acid drugs. Furthermore, controlled and sustained release is a significant concern, as the kinetics and localization of immunomodulators can influence resultant immune responses. Here, we describe the design and initial evaluation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticle (MP) depots for enhanced retention and sustained release of endosomolytic nanoparticles that enable the cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids. Methods Endosomolytic p[DMAEMA]10kD-bl-[PAA0.3-co-DMAEMA0.3-co-BMA0.4]25kD diblock copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Polymers were electrostatically complexed with nucleic acids and resultant nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated in PLGA MPs. To modulate release kinetics, ammonium bicarbonate was added as a porogen. Release profiles were quantified in vitro and in vivo via quantification of fluorescently-labeled nucleic acid. Bioactivity of released NPs was assessed using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting luciferase as a representative nucleic acid cargo. MPs were incubated with luciferase-expressing 4T1 (4T1-LUC) breast cancer cells in vitro or administered intratumorally to 4T1-LUC breast tumors, and silencing via RNA interference was quantified via longitudinal luminescence imaging. Results Endosomolytic NPs complexed to siRNA were effectively loaded into PLGA MPs and release kinetics could be modulated in vitro and in vivo via control of MP porosity, with porous MPs exhibiting faster cargo release. In vitro, release of NPs from porous MP depots enabled sustained luciferase knockdown in 4T1 breast cancer cells over a five-day treatment period. Administered intratumorally, MPs prolonged the retention of nucleic acid within the injected tumor, resulting in enhanced and sustained silencing of luciferase relative to a single bolus administration of NPs at an equivalent dose. Conclusion This work highlights the potential of PLGA MP depots as a platform for local release of endosomolytic polymer NPs that enhance the cytosolic delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kameron V Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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29
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Leach DG, Young S, Hartgerink JD. Advances in immunotherapy delivery from implantable and injectable biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:15-31. [PMID: 30771535 PMCID: PMC6632081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale biomaterials, such as preformed implantable scaffolds and injectable soft materials, possess powerful synergies with anti-cancer immunotherapies. Immunotherapies on their own typically have poor delivery properties, and often require repeated high-dose injections that result in serious off-tumor effects and/or limited efficacy. Rationally designed biomaterials allow for discrete localization and controlled release of immunotherapeutic agents, and have been shown in a large number of applications to improve outcomes in the treatment of cancers via immunotherapy. Among various strategies, macroscale biomaterial delivery systems can take the form of robust tablet-like scaffolds that are surgically implanted into a tumor resection site, releasing programmed immune cells or immunoregulatory agents. Alternatively they can be developed as soft gel-like materials that are injected into solid tumors or sites of resection to stimulate a potent anti-tumor immune response. Biomaterials synthesized from diverse components such as polymers and peptides can be combined with any immunotherapy in the modern toolbox, from checkpoint inhibitors and stimulatory adjuvants, to cancer antigens and adoptive T cells, resulting in unique synergies and improved therapeutic efficacy. The field is growing rapidly in size as publications continue to appear in the literature, and biomaterial-based immunotherapies are entering clinical trials and human patients. It is unarguably an exciting time for cancer immunotherapy and biomaterial researchers, and further work seeks to understand the most critical design considerations in the development of the next-generation of immunotherapeutic biomaterials. This review will discuss recent advances in the delivery of immunotherapies from localized biomaterials, focusing on macroscale implantable and injectable systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Anti-cancer immunotherapies have shown exciting clinical results in the past few decades, yet they suffer from a few distinct limitations, such as poor delivery kinetics, narrow patient response profiles, and systemic side effects. Biomaterial systems are now being developed that can overcome many of these problems, allowing for localized adjuvant delivery, focused dose concentrations, and extended therapy presentation. The field of biocompatible carrier materials is uniquely suited to be combined with immunotherapy, promising to yield significant improvements in treatment outcomes and clinical care. In this review, the first pioneering efforts and most recent advances in biomaterials for immunotherapeutic applications are explored, with a specific focus on implantable and injectable biomaterials such as porous scaffolds, cryogels, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Leach
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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30
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Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing, with numerous treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, a key challenge in the broad implementation of immunotherapies for cancer remains the controlled modulation of the immune system, as these therapeutics have serious adverse effects including autoimmunity and nonspecific inflammation. Understanding how to increase the response rates to various classes of immunotherapy is key to improving efficacy and controlling these adverse effects. Advanced biomaterials and drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and the use of T cells to deliver therapies, could effectively harness immunotherapies and improve their potency while reducing toxic side effects. Here, we discuss these research advances, as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating delivery technologies into cancer immunotherapy, and we critically analyse the outlook for these emerging areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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31
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Dougan M, Dranoff G, Dougan SK. Cancer Immunotherapy: Beyond Checkpoint Blockade. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:55-75. [PMID: 37539076 PMCID: PMC10400018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Blocking antibodies to the immune checkpoint receptors or their ligands have revolutionized the treatment of diverse malignancies. Many tumors are recognized by adaptive immunity, but these adaptive responses can be inhibited by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor, often through pathways outside of the currently targeted checkpoints. For this reason, only a minority of cancer patients achieve durable responses to current immunotherapies. Multiple novel approaches strive to expand immunotherapy's reach. These may include targeting alternative immune checkpoints. However, many investigational strategies look beyond checkpoint blockade. These include cellular therapies to bypass endogenous immunity and efforts to stimulate new adaptive antitumor responses using vaccines, adjuvants, and combinations with cytotoxic therapy, as well as strategies to inhibit innate immune suppression and modulate metabolism within the tumor microenvironment. The challenge for immunotherapy going forward will be to select rational strategies for overcoming barriers to effective antitumor responses from the myriad possible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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32
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Innate Immune Modulation by GM-CSF and IL-3 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040834. [PMID: 30769926 PMCID: PMC6412223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and inteleukin-3 (IL-3) have long been known as mediators of emergency myelopoiesis, but recent evidence has highlighted their critical role in modulating innate immune effector functions in mice and humans. This new wealth of knowledge has uncovered novel aspects of the pathogenesis of a range of disorders, including infectious, neoplastic, autoimmune, allergic and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, GM-CSF and IL-3 are now being investigated as therapeutic targets for some of these disorders, and some phase I/II clinical trials are already showing promising results. There is also pre-clinical and clinical evidence that GM-CSF can be an effective immunostimulatory agent when being combined with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) in patients with metastatic melanoma as well as in novel cancer immunotherapy approaches. Finally, GM-CSF and to a lesser extent IL-3 play a critical role in experimental models of trained immunity by acting not only on bone marrow precursors but also directly on mature myeloid cells. Altogether, characterizing GM-CSF and IL-3 as central mediators of innate immune activation is poised to open new therapeutic avenues for several immune-mediated disorders and define their potential in the context of immunotherapies.
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33
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Cancel JC, Crozat K, Dalod M, Mattiuz R. Are Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Critical for Protective Antitumor Immunity and How? Front Immunol 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30809220 PMCID: PMC6379659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are endowed with a unique potency to prime T cells, as well as to orchestrate their expansion, functional polarization and effector activity in non-lymphoid tissues or in their draining lymph nodes. The concept of harnessing DC immunogenicity to induce protective responses in cancer patients was put forward about 25 years ago and has led to a multitude of DC-based vaccine trials. However, until very recently, objective clinical responses were below expectations. Conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) excel in the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells, which are all critical effector cell types in antitumor immunity. Efforts to investigate whether cDC1 might orchestrate immune defenses against cancer are ongoing, thanks to the recent blossoming of tools allowing their manipulation in vivo. Here we are reporting on these studies. We discuss the mouse models used to genetically deplete or manipulate cDC1, and their main caveats. We present current knowledge on the role of cDC1 in the spontaneous immune rejection of tumors engrafted in syngeneic mouse recipients, as a surrogate model to cancer immunosurveillance, and how this process is promoted by type I interferon (IFN-I) effects on cDC1. We also discuss cDC1 implication in promoting the protective effects of immunotherapies in mouse preclinical models, especially for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint blockers (ICB). We elaborate on how to improve this process by in vivo reprogramming of certain cDC1 functions with off-the-shelf compounds. We also summarize and discuss basic research and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that the protective antitumor functions of cDC1 inferred from mouse preclinical models are conserved in humans. This analysis supports potential applicability to cancer patients of the cDC1-targeting adjuvant immunotherapies showing promising results in mouse models. Nonetheless, further investigations on cDC1 and their implications in anti-cancer mechanisms are needed to determine whether they are the missing key that will ultimately help switching cold tumors into therapeutically responsive hot tumors, and how precisely they mediate their protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Cancel
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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34
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Chen Q, Chen M, Liu Z. Local biomaterials-assisted cancer immunotherapy to trigger systemic antitumor responses. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5506-5526. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy by educating or stimulating patients’ own immune systems to attack cancer cells has demonstrated promising therapeutic responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Muchao Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
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35
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Zhang R, Billingsley MM, Mitchell MJ. Biomaterials for vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2018; 292:256-276. [PMID: 30312721 PMCID: PMC6355332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines as a means to generate immune reactivity against tumors has been explored since the early discovery of tumor-specific antigens by Georg Klein in the 1960s. However, challenges including weak immunogenicity, systemic toxicity, and off-target effects of cancer vaccines remain as barriers to their broad clinical translation. Advances in the design and implementation of biomaterials are now enabling enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity of cancer vaccines by controlling the presentation and release of vaccine components to immune cells and their microenvironment. Here, we discuss the rational design and clinical status of several classes of cancer vaccines (including DNA, mRNA, peptide/protein, and cell-based vaccines) along with novel biomaterial-based delivery technologies that improve their safety and efficacy. Further, strategies for designing new platforms for personalized cancer vaccines are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Margaret M Billingsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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36
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Applications of Immunomodulatory Immune Synergies to Adjuvant Discovery and Vaccine Development. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:373-388. [PMID: 30470547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens comprise a diverse set of immunostimulatory molecules that activate the innate immune system during infection. The immune system recognizes distinct combinations of pathogenic molecules leading to multiple immune activation events that cooperate to produce enhanced immune responses, known as 'immune synergies'. Effective immune synergies are essential for the clearance of pathogens, thus inspiring novel adjuvant design to improve vaccines. We highlight current vaccine adjuvants and the importance of immune synergies to adjuvant and vaccine design. The focus is on new technologies used to study and apply immune synergies to adjuvant and vaccine development. Finally, we discuss how recent findings can be applied to the future design and characterization of synergistic adjuvants and vaccines.
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37
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Klepsch V, Hermann-Kleiter N, Do-Dinh P, Jakic B, Offermann A, Efremova M, Sopper S, Rieder D, Krogsdam A, Gamerith G, Perner S, Tzankov A, Trajanoski Z, Wolf D, Baier G. Nuclear receptor NR2F6 inhibition potentiates responses to PD-L1/PD-1 cancer immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1538. [PMID: 29670099 PMCID: PMC5906604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing mouse tumor models in vivo, human T cells ex vivo, and human lung cancer samples, we provide direct evidence that NR2F6 acts as an immune checkpoint. Genetic ablation of Nr2f6, particularly in combination with established cancer immune checkpoint blockade, efficiently delays tumor progression and improves survival in experimental mouse models. The target genes deregulated in intratumoral T lymphocytes upon genetic ablation of Nr2f6 alone or together with PD-L1 blockade reveal multiple advantageous transcriptional alterations. Acute Nr2f6 silencing in both mouse and human T cells induces hyper-responsiveness that establishes a non-redundant T-cell-inhibitory function of NR2F6. NR2F6 protein expression in T-cell-infiltrating human NSCLC is upregulated in 54% of the cases (n = 303) and significantly correlates with PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression. Our data define NR2F6 as an intracellular immune checkpoint that suppresses adaptive anti-cancer immune responses and set the stage for clinical validation of targeting NR2F6 for next-generation immuno-oncological regimens. Immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) is a viable anti-cancer strategy. Here the authors show that nuclear receptor NR2F6 acts as an immune checkpoint in T cells and, using mouse models and human T cells, they show NR2F6 inhibition might improve current ICB therapy or work as an alternative therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klepsch
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Do-Dinh
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Offermann
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23538, Leubeck, Germany
| | - Mirjana Efremova
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6030, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6030, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Krogsdam
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6030, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gamerith
- Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23538, Leubeck, Germany
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Department of Pathology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Medical Clinic III, Oncology, Hematology & Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
Developing new vaccines against emerging pathogens or pathogens where variability of antigenic sites presents a challenge, the inclusion of stimulators of the innate immune system is critical to mature the immune response in a way that allows high avidity recognition while preserving the ability to react to drifted serovars. The innate immune system is an ancient mechanism for recognition of nonself and the first line of defense against pathogen insult. By triggering innate receptors, adjuvants can boost responses to vaccines and enhance the quality and magnitude of the resulting immune response. This chapter: (1) describes the innate immune system, (2) provides examples of how adjuvants are formulated to optimize their effectiveness, and (3) presents examples of how adjuvants can improve outcomes of immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrick Carter
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 550, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
- Adjuvant Technologies, IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E., Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
- Global Health, University of Washington, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
| | - Malcolm S Duthie
- Adjuvant Technologies, IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E., Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
- Global Health, University of Washington, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Adjuvant Technologies, IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue E., Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
- Global Health, University of Washington, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
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40
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Hu Z, Ott PA, Wu CJ. Towards personalized, tumour-specific, therapeutic vaccines for cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 18:168-182. [PMID: 29226910 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, which are designed to amplify tumour-specific T cell responses through active immunization, have long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer immunotherapy. Despite a clear rationale for such vaccines, extensive past efforts were unsuccessful in mediating clinically relevant antitumour activity in humans. Recently, however, next-generation sequencing and novel bioinformatics tools have enabled the systematic discovery of tumour neoantigens, which are highly desirable immunogens because they arise from somatic mutations of the tumour and are therefore tumour specific. As a result of the diversity of tumour neoepitopes between individuals, the development of personalized cancer vaccines is warranted. Here, we review the emerging field of personalized cancer vaccination and discuss recent developments and future directions for this promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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41
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Gammon JM, Dold NM, Jewell CM. Improving the clinical impact of biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15421-43. [PMID: 26871948 PMCID: PMC4941251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies for cancer have progressed enormously over the past few decades, and hold great promise for the future. The successes of these therapies, with some patients showing durable and complete remission, demonstrate the power of harnessing the immune system to eradicate tumors. However, the effectiveness of current immunotherapies is limited by hurdles ranging from immunosuppressive strategies employed by tumors, to inadequate specificity of existing therapies, to heterogeneity of disease. Further, the vast majority of approved immunotherapies employ systemic delivery of immunomodulators or cells that make addressing some of these challenges more difficult. Natural and synthetic biomaterials–such as biocompatible polymers, self-assembled lipid particles, and implantable biodegradable devices–offer unique potential to address these hurdles by harnessing the benefits of therapeutic targeting, tissue engineering, co-delivery, controlled release, and sensing. However, despite the enormous investment in new materials and nanotechnology, translation of these ideas to the clinic is still an uncommon outcome. Here we review the major challenges facing immunotherapies and discuss how the newest biomaterials and nanotechnologies could help overcome these challenges to create new clinical options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gammon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Neil M Dold
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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42
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Alvarez-Dominguez C, Calderón-Gonzalez R, Terán-Navarro H, Salcines-Cuevas D, Garcia-Castaño A, Freire J, Gomez-Roman J, Rivera F. Dendritic cell therapy in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:386. [PMID: 29114544 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are cancer vaccines used currently as melanoma therapies. They act as adjuvants initiating the immune responses, but not only as they can also have effector activities redirecting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells against melanoma. Ex vivo preparation of monocyte derived DCs has been implemented to produce large numbers of DCs for clinical therapy, highlighting the necessity of activate DC s to produce Th1 cytokines, especially TNF-a and IL-12 with potent anti-tumour actions. Several clinical trials both in the European Union and USA are open currently using DC vaccines, alone or in combination with other immunotherapies. The type of antigen is also an active area of investigation involving tumour antigens and bacterial epitopes, both providing good responses. Bacterial epitopes presented the advantage versus tumour antigens that they can prepare the vaccination site as they induce innate and specific immune responses as they are potent recall antigens that expand cytotoxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hector Terán-Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - David Salcines-Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Almudena Garcia-Castaño
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Freire
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Roman
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
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43
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Kim OY, Park HT, Dinh NTH, Choi SJ, Lee J, Kim JH, Lee SW, Gho YS. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles suppress tumor by interferon-γ-mediated antitumor response. Nat Commun 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28931823 PMCID: PMC5606984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria actively secrete outer membrane vesicles, spherical nano-meter-sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins, to the surroundings. Outer membrane vesicles have gained wide interests as non-living complex vaccines or delivery vehicles. However, no study has used outer membrane vesicles in treating cancer thus far. Here we investigate the potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles as therapeutic agents to treat cancer via immunotherapy. Our results show remarkable capability of bacterial outer membrane vesicles to effectively induce long-term antitumor immune responses that can fully eradicate established tumors without notable adverse effects. Moreover, systematically administered bacterial outer membrane vesicles specifically target and accumulate in the tumor tissue, and subsequently induce the production of antitumor cytokines CXCL10 and interferon-γ. This antitumor effect is interferon-γ dependent, as interferon-γ-deficient mice could not induce such outer membrane vesicle-mediated immune response. Together, our results herein demonstrate the potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles as effective immunotherapeutic agent that can treat various cancers without apparent adverse effects. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain immunogens but no study has yet examined their potential in treating cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that OMVs can suppress established tumours and prevent tumour metastasis by an interferon-γ mediated antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Taek Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhung Thi Hong Dinh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng Jin Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can successfully promote long-term anticancer immune responses, although there is still only a limited number of patients who benefit from such treatment, and it can sometimes have severe treatment-associated adverse events. Compared with systemic immunomodulation, local immunomodulation may enable more effective treatment at lower doses and, at the same time, prevent systemic toxicity. Local delivery of engineered three-dimensional scaffolds may fulfil this role by acting as synthetic immune niches that boost anticancer immunity. In this Opinion article, we highlight the potential of scaffold-based adoptive cell transfer and scaffold-based cancer vaccines that, although applied locally, can promote systemic antitumour immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how scaffold-based cancer immunotherapy may contribute to the development of the next generation of cancer treatments.
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45
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Wang C, Ye Y, Hu Q, Bellotti A, Gu Z. Tailoring Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Trends and Future Outlook. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28556553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, as a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, has recently received tremendous attention. The active cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for T-cell-based adoptive cell transfer are among these developments that have achieved a significant increase in patient survival in clinical trials. Despite these advancements, emerging research at the interdisciplinary interface of cancer biology, immunology, bioengineering, and materials science is important to further enhance the therapeutic benefits and reduce side effects. Here, an overview of the latest studies on engineering biomaterials for the enhancement of anticancer immunity is given, including the perspectives of delivery of immunomodulatory therapeutics, engineering immune cells, and constructing immune-modulating scaffolds. The opportunities and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adriano Bellotti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Alvarez MM, Aizenberg J, Analoui M, Andrews AM, Bisker G, Boyden ES, Kamm RD, Karp JM, Mooney DJ, Oklu R, Peer D, Stolzoff M, Strano MS, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Webster TJ, Weiss PS, Khademhosseini A. Emerging Trends in Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies in Medicine: From Basic Discoveries to Translation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5195-5214. [PMID: 28524668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the state of the art and innovative micro- and nanoscale technologies that are finding niches and opening up new opportunities in medicine, particularly in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We take the design of point-of-care applications and the capture of circulating tumor cells as illustrative examples of the integration of micro- and nanotechnologies into solutions of diagnostic challenges. We describe several novel nanotechnologies that enable imaging cellular structures and molecular events. In therapeutics, we describe the utilization of micro- and nanotechnologies in applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical development/testing. In addition, we discuss relevant challenges that micro- and nanotechnologies face in achieving cost-effective and widespread clinical implementation as well as forecasted applications of micro- and nanotechnologies in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnológico, CP 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mostafa Analoui
- UConn Venture Development and Incubation, UConn , Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | | | | | | | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Col. Tecnológico, CP 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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47
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Chen J, Zhang M, Zhou F, Wang J, Niu B, Zhang W. Immunological effects of vaccines combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on a murine WEHI-3 leukemia model. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2323-2329. [PMID: 28454398 PMCID: PMC5403228 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes regulatory T cells (Tregs) from bone marrow into the peripheral blood, by reducing the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). However, G-CSF has rarely been studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy. The present study performed a Transwell migration assay in vitro to determine the contribution of SDF-1α to the migration of leukemia cells, and the effects of G-CSF were evaluated. The effects of G-CSF on SDF-1α and Tregs in the AML microenvironment were examined, by employing a WEHI-3-grafted BALB/c mouse AML model (AML-M4). It is evident that G-CSF reversed immunosuppression of the AML microenvironment by reducing SDF-1α in bone marrow and elevating Tregs in the peripheral blood in in vivo studies. Furthermore, AML mice treated with vaccines combined with G-CSF achieved a longer survival time than those treated with vaccines without G-CSF, showing the efficiency of the regimen. The present study demonstrates the effects of G-CSF on the mobilization of leukemia cells and Tregs into the peripheral blood. In addition, immunotherapy with G-CSF priming represents a promising therapeutic strategy of targeting the immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Chen
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Miling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Ansa-Addo EA, Thaxton J, Hong F, Wu BX, Zhang Y, Fugle CW, Metelli A, Riesenberg B, Williams K, Gewirth DT, Chiosis G, Liu B, Li Z. Clients and Oncogenic Roles of Molecular Chaperone gp96/grp94. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 16:2765-78. [PMID: 27072698 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160413141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum heat shock protein (HSP) 90 paralogue, glycoprotein (gp) 96 possesses immunological properties by chaperoning antigenic peptides for activation of T cells. Genetic studies in the last decade have unveiled that gp96 is also an essential master chaperone for multiple receptors and secreting proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins, the Wnt coreceptor, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6), the latent TGFβ docking receptor, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP), Glycoprotein (GP) Ib and insulin-like growth factors (IGF). Clinically, elevated expression of gp96 in a variety of cancers correlates with the advanced stage and poor survival of cancer patients. Recent preclinical studies have also uncovered that gp96 expression is closely linked to cancer progression in multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Thus, gp96 is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The chaperone function of gp96 depends on its ATPase domain, which is structurally distinct from other HSP90 members, and thus favors the design of highly selective gp96-targeted inhibitors against cancer. We herein discuss the strategically important oncogenic clients of gp96 and their underlying biology. The roles of cell-intrinsic gp96 in T cell biology are also discussed, in part because it offers another opportunity of cancer therapy by manipulating levels of gp96 in T cells to enhance host immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29466, USA.
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Sadtler K, Sommerfeld SD, Wolf MT, Wang X, Majumdar S, Chung L, Kelkar DS, Pandey A, Elisseeff JH. Proteomic composition and immunomodulatory properties of urinary bladder matrix scaffolds in homeostasis and injury. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:14-23. [PMID: 28583764 PMCID: PMC8509637 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder matrix (UBM) is used clinically for management of wounds and reinforcement of surgical soft tissue repair, among other applications. UBM consists of the lamina propria and basal lamina of the porcine urinary bladder, and is decellularized as part of the process to manufacture the medical device. UBM is composed mainly of Collagen I, but also contains a wide variety of fibrillar and basement membrane collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and ECM-associated factors. Upon application of the biomaterial in a traumatic or non-traumatic setting in a mouse model, there is a cascade of immune cells that respond to the damaged tissue and biomaterial. Here, through the use of multicolor flow cytometry, we describe the various cells that infiltrate the UBM scaffold in a subcutaneous and volumetric muscle injury model. A wide variety of immune cells are found in the UBM scaffold immune microenvironment (SIM) including F4/80+ macrophages, CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. A systemic IL-4 upregulation and a local M2-macrophage response were observed in the proximity of the implanted UBM. The recruitment and activation of these cells is dependent upon signals from the scaffold and communication between the different cell types present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Sadtler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sven D Sommerfeld
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew T Wolf
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shoumyo Majumdar
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liam Chung
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dhanashree S Kelkar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5010003. [PMID: 28536346 PMCID: PMC5423491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have classically been used for disease prevention. Modern clinical vaccines are continuously being developed for both traditional use as well as for new applications. Typically thought of in terms of infectious disease control, vaccination approaches can alternatively be adapted as a cancer therapy. Vaccines targeting cancer antigens can be used to induce anti-tumour immunity and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy both pre-clinically and clinically. Various approaches now exist and further establish the tremendous potential and adaptability of anti-cancer vaccination. Classical strategies include ex vivo-loaded immune cells, RNA- or DNA-based vaccines and tumour cell lysates. Recent oncolytic virus development has resulted in a surge of novel viruses engineered to induce powerful tumour-specific immune responses. In addition to their use as cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses have the added benefit of being directly cytolytic to cancer cells and thus promote antigen recognition within a highly immune-stimulating tumour microenvironment. While oncolytic viruses are perfectly equipped for efficient immunization, this complicates their use upon previous exposure. Indeed, the host's anti-viral counter-attacks often impair multiple-dosing regimens. In this review we will focus on the use of oncolytic viruses for anti-tumour vaccination. We will explore different strategies as well as ways to circumvent some of their limitations.
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