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Cai J, Huang F, Gao W, Gong T, Chen H, Liu Z. Androgen Receptor/AP-1 Activates UGT2B15 Transcription to Promote Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5719. [PMID: 38136265 PMCID: PMC10741602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy with poor prognosis. Interestingly, ESCC is strongly characterized by a male-predominant propensity. Our previous study showed that androgen receptor (AR) orchestrated a transcriptional repression program to promote ESCC growth, but it remains unclear whether AR can also activate oncogenic signaling during ESCC progression. In this study, by analyzing our previous AR cistromes and androgen-regulated transcriptomes, we identified uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B15 (UGT2B15) as a bona fide target gene of AR. Mechanistically, AP-1 cofactors played important and collaborative roles in AR-mediated UGT2B15 upregulation. Functional studies have revealed that UGT2B15 promoted invasiveness in vitro and lymph node metastasis in vivo. UGT2B15 was partially responsible for the AR-induced invasive phenotype in ESCC cells. Importantly, simultaneous blocking of AP-1 and AR resulted in stronger inhibition of cell invasiveness compared to inhibiting AP-1 or AR alone. In conclusion, our study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the AR-driven ESCC invasion and suggests that the AR/AP1/UGT2B15 transcriptional axis can be potentially targeted in suppressing metastasis in male ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Furong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Wenyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Tongyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China (F.H.); (W.G.); (T.G.)
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2
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Ruoff R, Weber H, Wang Y, Huang H, Shapiro E, Fenyö D, Garabedian MJ. MED19 encodes two unique protein isoforms that confer prostate cancer growth under low androgen through distinct gene expression programs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18227. [PMID: 37880276 PMCID: PMC10600210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MED19, a component of the mediator complex and a co-regulator of the androgen receptor (AR), is pivotal in prostate cancer cell proliferation. MED19 has two isoforms: a full-length "canonical" and a shorter "alternative" variant. Specific antibodies were developed to investigate these isoforms. Both exhibit similar expression in normal prostate development and adult prostate tissue, but the canonical isoform is elevated in prostate adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of canonical MED19 in LNCaP cells promotes growth under conditions of androgen deprivation in vitro and in vivo, mirroring earlier findings with alternative MED19-overexpressing LNCaP cells. Interestingly, alternative MED19 cells displayed strong colony formation in clonogenic assays under conditions of androgen deprivation, while canonical MED19 cells did not, suggesting distinct functional roles. These isoforms also modulated gene expression differently. Canonical MED19 triggered genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling while suppressing those involved in androgen-inactivating glucuronidation. In contrast, alternative MED19 elevated genes tied to cell movement and reduced those associated with cell adhesion and differentiation. The ratio of MED19 isoform expression in prostate cancers shifts with the disease stage. Early-stage cancers exhibit higher canonical MED19 expression than alternative MED19, consistent with canonical MED19's ability to promote cell proliferation under androgen deprivation. Conversely, alternative MED19 levels were higher in later-stage metastatic prostate cancer than in canonical MED19, reflecting alternative MED19's capability to enhance cell migration and autonomous cell growth. Our findings suggest that MED19 isoforms play unique roles in prostate cancer progression and highlights MED19 as a potential therapeutic target for both early and late-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ruoff
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hannah Weber
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hongying Huang
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ellen Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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3
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Xing Z, Sah RK, Hu J, Hu H. Androgen Metabolism and Response in Prostate Cancer Anti-Androgen Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113521. [PMID: 36362304 PMCID: PMC9655897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
All aspects of prostate cancer evolution are closely related to androgen levels and the status of the androgen receptor (AR). Almost all treatments target androgen metabolism pathways and AR, from castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Alterations in androgen metabolism and its response are one of the main reasons for prostate cancer drug resistance. In this review, we will introduce androgen metabolism, including how the androgen was synthesized, consumed, and responded to in healthy people and prostate cancer patients, and discuss how these alterations in androgen metabolism contribute to the resistance to anti-androgen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zengzhen Xing
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rajiv Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junqi Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-88018249
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4
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Zhan H, Zhang S, Li L, Chen Z, Cai Y, Huang J, Wu D, Huang B, Wu B, Liu X. Naftopidil enantiomers suppress androgen accumulation and induce cell apoptosis via the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 in benign prostate hyperplasia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106117. [PMID: 35504423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of androgens mediate alterations in prostate growth and has emerged as an essential factor in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent natural androgen, binds to androgen receptors (AR) and regulates the prostate growth. Many inhibitors of DHT synthesis have been developed to reduce DHT levels and used in the treatment of prostate diseases. However, therapies targeting the elimination of the DHT remain limited. The DHT in prostate is metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) and transforms into inactive products. In this study, we analyzed and demonstrated that two enantiomers of naftopidil (NAF), an α1D/1A-adrenoceptor blocker, induced expression and activity of UGT2B in BPH rat prostate models as well as UGT2B15 in human prostate cells, BPH-1. The NAF enantiomers reduced intraprostatic and intracellular DHT levels, thus promoting cell apoptosis. Besides, assays with siRNA UGT2B15 transfection showed that UGT2B15 played an essential role in mediating the effects of the NAF enantiomers. The UGT2B15 mediated the inhibition of AR and PSA expression by NAF enantiomers. The data showed that the mechanism of upregulating UGT2B15 by the NAF enantiomers might differ from that of AR antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitors. Together, our results demonstrated that NAF enantiomers could be potential and novel UGT2B15 regulators, which accelerated the DHT elimination and promoted apoptosis of BPH-1 cells. This study could help expand the clinical application of NAF and support the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the elimination of androgens for the treatment of BPH and other androgen-sensitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Silin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Lirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Zikai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Junjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Biyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Xiawen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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5
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Wei Z, Han D, Zhang C, Wang S, Liu J, Chao F, Song Z, Chen G. Deep Learning-Based Multi-Omics Integration Robustly Predicts Relapse in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893424. [PMID: 35814412 PMCID: PMC9259796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePost-operative biochemical relapse (BCR) continues to occur in a significant percentage of patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Current stratification methods are not adequate to identify high-risk patients. The present study exploits the ability of deep learning (DL) algorithms using the H2O package to combine multi-omics data to resolve this problem.MethodsFive-omics data from 417 PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to construct the DL-based, relapse-sensitive model. Among them, 265 (63.5%) individuals experienced BCR. Five additional independent validation sets were applied to assess its predictive robustness. Bioinformatics analyses of two relapse-associated subgroups were then performed for identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathway analysis, copy number analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis.ResultsThe DL-based model, with a significant difference (P = 6e-9) between two subgroups and good concordance index (C-index = 0.767), were proven to be robust by external validation. 1530 DEGs including 678 up- and 852 down-regulated genes were identified in the high-risk subgroup S2 compared with the low-risk subgroup S1. Enrichment analyses found five hallmark gene sets were up-regulated while 13 were down-regulated. Then, we found that DNA damage repair pathways were significantly enriched in the S2 subgroup. CNV analysis showed that 30.18% of genes were significantly up-regulated and gene amplification on chromosomes 7 and 8 was significantly elevated in the S2 subgroup. Moreover, enrichment analysis revealed that some DEGs and pathways were associated with immunity. Three tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) groups with a higher proportion in the S2 subgroup (p = 1e-05, p = 8.7e-06, p = 0.00014) and one TIIC group with a higher proportion in the S1 subgroup (P = 1.3e-06) were identified.ConclusionWe developed a novel, robust classification for understanding PCa relapse. This study validated the effectiveness of deep learning technique in prognosis prediction, and the method may benefit patients and prevent relapse by improving early detection and advancing early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wei
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dunsheng Han
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinke Liu
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen, ; Zhenyu Song,
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen, ; Zhenyu Song,
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6
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Moll JM, Teubel WJ, Erkens SE, Jozefzoon-Agai A, Dits NF, van Rijswijk A, Jenster GW, van Weerden WM. Cell Line Characteristics Predict Subsequent Resistance to Androgen Receptor-Targeted Agents (ARTA) in Preclinical Models of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877613. [PMID: 35769712 PMCID: PMC9234122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) has changed considerably in the last decade due to the introduction of novel androgen receptor (AR)-targeted agents (ARTAs) for patients progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Preclinical research however still relies heavily on AR-negative cell line models. In order to investigate potential differences in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) growth, we set out to create a comprehensive panel of ARTA-progressive models from 4 androgen-responsive AR wild-type PCa cell lines and analyzed its androgen response as opposed to its ADT-progressive counterparts. Parallel cultures of VCaP, DuCaP, PC346C, and LAPC4 were established in their respective culture media with steroid-stripped fetal calf serum (FCS) [dextran-coated charcoal-stripped FCS (DCC)] without androgen (ADT) or in DCC plus 1 μM of the ARTAs bicalutamide, OH-flutamide, or RD162 (an enzalutamide/apalutamide analog). Cell growth was monitored and compared to those of parental cell lines. Short-term androgen response was measured using cell proliferation 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. qRT-PCR was performed to assess the mRNA expression of markers for AR signaling, steroidogenesis, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and WNT signaling. Out of 35 parallel cultures per cell line, a total of 24, 15, 34, and 16 CRPC sublines emerged for VCaP, DuCaP, PC346C, and LAPC4, respectively. The addition of bicalutamide or OH-flutamide significantly increased CRPC growth compared to ADT or RD162. VCaP, DuCaP, and PC346C CRPC clones retained an AR-responsive phenotype. The expression of AR and subsequent androgen response were completely lost in all LAPC4 CRPC lines. Markers for EMT and WNT signaling were found to be elevated in the resilient PC346C model and CRPC derivatives of VCaP, DuCaP, and LAPC4. Although the resistant phenotype is pluriform between models, it seems consistent within models, regardless of type of ARTA. These data suggest that the progression to and the phenotype of the CRPC state might already be determined early in carcinogenesis.
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7
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Zhao N, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Zhang D, Li F, Guo Y, Qiu Z, Dong X, Ban X, Sun B, Zhao X. Spatial maps of hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomes highlight an unexplored landscape of heterogeneity and a novel gene signature for survival. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35109839 PMCID: PMC8812006 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often presents with satellite nodules, rendering current curative treatments ineffective in many patients. The heterogeneity of HCC is a major challenge in personalized medicine. The emergence of spatial transcriptomics (ST) provides a powerful strategy for delineating the complex molecular landscapes of tumours. Methods In this study, the heterogeneity of tissue-wide gene expression in tumour and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues using ST technology were investigated. The transcriptomes of nearly 10,820 tissue regions and identified the main gene expression clusters and their specific marker genes (differentially expressed genes, DEGs) in patients were analysed. The DEGs were analysed from two perspectives. First, two distinct gene profiles were identified to be associated with satellite nodules and conducted a more comprehensive analysis of both gene profiles. Their clinical relevance in human HCC was validated with Kaplan–Meier (KM) Plotter. Second, DEGs were screened with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to divide the HCC cohort into high- and low-risk groups according to Cox analysis. HCC patients from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort were used for validation. KM analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were applied to determine the independent predictors for OS. Results Novel markers for the prediction of satellite nodules were identified and a tumour clusters-specific marker gene signature model (6 genes) for HCC prognosis was constructed. Conclusion The establishment of marker gene profiles may be an important step towards an unbiased view of HCC, and the 6-gene signature can be used for prognostic prediction in HCC. This analysis will help us to clarify one of the possible sources of HCC heterogeneity and uncover pathogenic mechanisms and novel antitumour drug targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02430-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xinchao Ban
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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8
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Lam S, Hartmann N, Benfeitas R, Zhang C, Arif M, Turkez H, Uhlén M, Englert C, Knight R, Mardinoglu A. Systems Analysis Reveals Ageing-Related Perturbations in Retinoids and Sex Hormones in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1310. [PMID: 34680427 PMCID: PMC8533098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), are complex heterogeneous diseases with highly variable patient responses to treatment. Due to the growing evidence for ageing-related clinical and pathological commonalities between AD and PD, these diseases have recently been studied in tandem. In this study, we analysed transcriptomic data from AD and PD patients, and stratified these patients into three subclasses with distinct gene expression and metabolic profiles. Through integrating transcriptomic data with a genome-scale metabolic model and validating our findings by network exploration and co-analysis using a zebrafish ageing model, we identified retinoids as a key ageing-related feature in all subclasses of AD and PD. We also demonstrated that the dysregulation of androgen metabolism by three different independent mechanisms is a source of heterogeneity in AD and PD. Taken together, our work highlights the need for stratification of AD/PD patients and development of personalised and precision medicine approaches based on the detailed characterisation of these subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.H.); (C.E.)
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
| | - Christoph Englert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.H.); (C.E.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Freidrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Knight
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.Z.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
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9
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Zimmer BM, Howell ME, Ma L, Enders JR, Lehman D, Corey E, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA. Altered glucuronidation deregulates androgen dependent response profiles and signifies castration resistance in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1886-1902. [PMID: 34548906 PMCID: PMC8448517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation controls androgen levels in the prostate and the dysregulation of enzymes in this pathway is associated with castration resistant prostate cancer. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) produces UDP-glucuronate, the essential precursor for glucuronidation, and its expression is elevated in prostate cancer. We compared protein and metabolite levels relevant to the glucuronidation pathway in five prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft models paired with their isogenic counterparts that were selected in vivo for castration resistant (CR) recurrence. All pairs showed changes in UGDH and associated enzymes and metabolites that were consistent with those we found in an isogenic androgen dependent (AD) and CR LNCaP prostate cancer model. Ectopic overexpression of UGDH in LNCaP AD cells blunted androgen-dependent gene expression, increased proteoglycan synthesis, significantly increased cell growth compared to controls, and eliminated dose responsive growth suppression with enzalutamide treatment. In contrast, the knockdown of UGDH diminished proteoglycans, suppressed androgen dependent growth irrespective of androgens, and restored androgen sensitivity in CR cells. Importantly, the knockdown of UGDH in both LNCaP AD and CR cells dramatically sensitized these cells to enzalutamide. These results support a role for UGDH in androgen responsiveness and a target for therapeutic strategies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M. Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Danielle Lehman
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Barycki
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Melanie A. Simpson
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Girisa S, Henamayee S, Parama D, Rana V, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:21. [PMID: 35006466 PMCID: PMC8607382 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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11
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Ying P, Yu J, Su W. Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Mechanochemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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12
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Hertzog JR, Zhang Z, Bignan G, Connolly PJ, Heindl JE, Janetopoulos CJ, Rupnow BA, McDevitt TM. AKR1C3 mediates pan-AR antagonist resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1223-1232. [PMID: 33258507 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiandrogens are effective therapies that block androgen receptor (AR) transactivation and signaling in over 50% of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, an estimated 30% of responders will develop resistance to these therapies within 2 years. JNJ-pan-AR is a broad-spectrum AR antagonist that inhibits wild-type AR as well as several mutated versions of AR that have emerged in patients on chronic antiandrogen treatment. In this work, we aimed to identify the potential underlying mechanisms of resistance that may result from chronic JNJ-pan-AR treatment. METHODS The LNCaP JNJR prostate cancer subline was developed by chronically exposing LNCaP parental cells to JNJ-pan-AR. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling was performed to identify potential drivers and/or biomarkers of the resistant phenotype. RESULTS Several enzymes critical to intratumoral androgen biosynthesis, Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), UGT2B15, and UGT2B17 were identified as potential upstream regulators of the JNJ-pan-AR resistant cells. While we confirmed the overexpression of all three enzymes in the resistant cells only AKR1C3 expression played a functional role in driving JNJ-pan-AR resistance. We also discovered that AKR1C3 regulates UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 expression in JNJ-pan-AR resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the rationale to further investigate the benefits of AKR1C3 inhibition in combination with antiandrogens to prevent CRPC disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Hertzog
- Discovery Oncology, Janssen R&D US, Spring House, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhuming Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen R&D US, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Gilles Bignan
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen R&D US, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jason E Heindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Janetopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brent A Rupnow
- Discovery Oncology, Janssen R&D US, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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13
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Shafiee-Kermani F, Carney ST, Jima D, Utin UC, Farrar LB, Oputa MO, Hines MR, Kinyamu HK, Trotter KW, Archer TK, Hoyo C, Koller BH, Freedland SJ, Grant DJ. Expression of UDP Glucuronosyltransferases 2B15 and 2B17 is associated with methylation status in prostate cancer cells. Epigenetics 2020; 16:289-299. [PMID: 32660355 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that abrogated expression of detoxification enzymes, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, are associated with prostate tumour risk and progression. We investigated the role of EGF on the expression of these enzymes since it interacts with signalling pathways to also affect prostate tumour progression and is additionally associated with decreased DNA methylation. The expression of UGT2B15, UGT2B17, de novo methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was assessed in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) treated with EGF, an EGFR inhibitor PD16893, and the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, respectively. The results showed that EGF treatment decreased levels of expression of all four genes and that their expression was reversed by PD16893. Treatment with 5-azacytidine, markedly decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 over 85% as well as significantly decreased expression of DNMT3B, but not the expression of DNMT3A. DNMT3B siRNA treated LNCaP cells had decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, while DNMT3A siRNA treated cells had only moderately decreased UGT2B15 expression. Treatment with DNMT methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, significantly decreased UGT2B17 expression. Additionally, methylation differences between prostate cancer samples and benign prostate samples from an Illumina 450K Methylation Array study were assessed. The results taken together suggest that hypomethylation of the UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 genes contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer and may provide a putative biomarker or epigenetic target for chemotherapeutics. Mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the role of the methylation marks in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shafiee-Kermani
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Skyla T Carney
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dereje Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Ricks Hall, 1 Lampe Dr, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Utibe C Utin
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaNeisha B Farrar
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melvin O Oputa
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcono R Hines
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Karimi Kinyamu
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Trotter
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Health System Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyles , Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Delores J Grant
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Yao X, Zhang H, Tang S, Zheng X, Jiang L. Bioinformatics Analysis to Reveal Potential Differentially Expressed Long Non-Coding RNAs and Genes Associated with Tumour Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3197-3207. [PMID: 32368079 PMCID: PMC7170645 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the onset of metastases, the survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still low. In view of this, we performed this study to screen metastasis-associated genes and lncRNAs in LUAD. Methods The mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles of 185 metastatic LUAD and 217 non-metastatic LAUD samples were retrieved from the TCGA database and included in this study. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between metastatic samples and non-metastatic samples of LAUD, as well as the cis nearby-targeted DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs and the DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression network, were obtained. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs. Survival analysis of selected DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs was performed. Results In total, 1351 DEmRNAs and 627 DElncRNAs were screened between the LUAD primary tissue samples and metastatic samples. Then, 194 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs and 191 DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression pairs were detected. Except for RHCG and KRT81, the expression of the other six DEmRNAs in the qRT-PCR results generally exhibited the same pattern as that in our integrated analysis. The expression of CRHR2, FAM83A-AS1, FAM83A and Z83843.1 was significantly correlated with the overall survival time of patients with metastatic LUAD. Conclusion We speculate that two interaction pairs (FAM83A-AS1-FAM83A and Z83843.1-MATR3) and four genes (CRHR2, UGT2B15, CHGB and NEFL) are closely associated with the metastasis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Meishan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Meishan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Meishan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Meishan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangshuang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Republic of China
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15
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Cao J, Yang X, Li J, Wu H, Li P, Yao Z, Dong Z, Tian J. Screening and Identifying Immune-Related Cells and Genes in the Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Based on TCGA Database and Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1533. [PMID: 32010623 PMCID: PMC6974676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary system and its treatment has scarcely progressed for nearly 30 years. Advances in checkpoint inhibitor research have seemingly provided a new approach for treatment. However, there have been issues predicting immunotherapeutic biomarkers and identifying new therapeutic targets. We downloaded the gene expression profile and clinical data of 408 cases bladder urinary cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal, and the abundance ratio of immune cells for each sample was obtained via the "Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)" algorithm. Then, four survival-related immune cells were obtained via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and 933 immune-related genes were obtained via a variance analysis. Enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and co-expression analyses were performed for these genes. Lastly, 4 survival-related immune cells and 24 hub genes were identified, four of which were related to overall survival. More importantly, these immune cells and genes were closely related to the clinical features. These cells and genes may have research value and clinical application in bladder cancer immunotherapy. Our study not only provides cell and gene targets for bladder cancer immunotherapy, but also provides new ideas for researchers to explore the immunotherapy of various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhichun Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Obst JK, Wang J, Jian K, Williams DE, Tien AH, Mawji N, Tam T, Yang YC, Andersen RJ, Chi KN, Montgomery B, Sadar MD. Revealing Metabolic Liabilities of Ralaniten To Enhance Novel Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:453-467. [PMID: 32259077 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Ralaniten (formally EPI-002) prevents AR transcriptional activity by binding to its N-terminal domain (NTD) which is essential for transcriptional activity. Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506) the triacetate pro-drug of ralaniten, remains the only AR-NTD inhibitor to have entered clinical trials (NCT02606123). While well tolerated, the trial was ultimately terminated due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and resulting pill burden. Here we discovered that ralaniten was glucuronidated which resulted in decreased potency. Long-term treatment of prostate cancer cells with ralaniten results in upregulation of UGT2B enzymes with concomitant loss of potency. This has proven to be a useful model with which to facilitate the development of more potent second-generation AR-NTD inhibitors. Glucuronidated metabolites of ralaniten were also detected in the serum of patients in Phase 1 clinical trials. Therefore, we tested an analogue of ralaniten (EPI-045) which was resistant to glucuronidation and demonstrated superiority to ralaniten in our resistant model. These data support that analogues of ralaniten designed to mitigate glucuronidation may optimize clinical responses to AR-NTD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon K Obst
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kunzhong Jian
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Amy H Tien
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nasrin Mawji
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Teresa Tam
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marianne D Sadar
- Department of Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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17
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Li CY, Basit A, Gupta A, Gáborik Z, Kis E, Prasad B. Major glucuronide metabolites of testosterone are primarily transported by MRP2 and MRP3 in human liver, intestine and kidney. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105350. [PMID: 30959153 PMCID: PMC7075494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone glucuronide (TG), androsterone glucuronide (AG), etiocholanolone glucuronide (EtioG) and dihydrotestosterone glucuronide (DHTG) are the major metabolites of testosterone (T), which are excreted in urine and bile. Glucuronides can be deconjugated to active androgen in gut lumen after biliary excretion, which in turn can affect physiological levels of androgens. The goal of this study was to quantitatively characterize the mechanisms by which TG, AG, EtioG and DHTG are eliminated from liver, intestine, and kidney utilizing relative expression factor (REF) approach. Using vesicular transport assay with recombinant human MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MDR1 and BCRP, we first identified that TG, AG, EtioG, and DHTG were primarily substrates of MRP2 and MRP3, although lower levels of transport were also observed with MDR1 and BCRP vesicles. The transport kinetic analyses revealed higher intrinsic clearances of TG by MRP2 and MRP3 as compared to that of DHTG, AG, and EtioG. MRP3 exhibited higher affinity for the transport of the studied glucuronides than MRP2. We next quantified the protein abundances of these efflux transporters in vesicles and compared the same with pooled total membrane fractions isolated from human tissues by quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics. The fractional contribution of individual transporters (ft) was estimated by proteomics-based physiological scaling factors, i.e., transporter abundance in whole tissue versus vesicles, and corrected for inside-out vesicles (determined by 5'-nucleotidase assay). The glucuronides of inactive androgens, AG and EtioG were preferentially transported by MRP3, whereas the glucuronides of active androgens, TG and DHTG were mainly transported by MRP2 in liver. Efflux by bile canalicular transport may indicate the potential role of enterohepatic recirculation in regulating the circulating active androgens after deconjugation in the gut. In intestine, MRP3 possibly contributes most to the efflux of these glucuronides. In kidney, all studied glucuronides seemed to be preferentially effluxed by MRP2 and MDR1 (for EtioG). These REF based analysis need to be confirmed with in vivo findings. Overall, characterization of the efflux mechanisms of T glucuronide metabolites is important for predicting the androgen disposition and interindividual variability, including drug-androgen interaction in humans. The mechanistic data can be extrapolated to other androgen relevant organs (e.g. prostate, testis and placenta) by integrating these data with quantitative tissue proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Amgen Research, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Emese Kis
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Saunthwal RK, Cornall MT, Abrams R, Ward JW, Clayden J. Connective synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins by tandem α-amination and α-arylation of silyl ketene acetals. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3408-3412. [PMID: 30996929 PMCID: PMC6429467 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amination of a silylated ester generates an intermediate urea that transfers an aryl ring to the aminated centre and cyclises to a hydantoin.
5,5-Disubstituted hydantoins, formally the cyclisation products of quaternary amino acids, were formed connectively from simple ester-derived starting materials by a one-pot tandem method. Amination of the silyl ketene acetal derivative of a methyl ester takes place by silver-catalysed addition to the N
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N bond of an azocarboxamide, generating a N-amino-N′-aryl urea derivative of a substituted aminoester. Treatment with a base forms an ester enolate which undergoes arylation by intramolecular migration of an aryl ring to the α-position of the ester. The product undergoes ring closure to a hydantoin, which may itself be deprotected and functionalised. Aryl migration is successful with rings of various electronic character and with esters bearing functionalised and unfunctionalised chains, and the products have features in common with several bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Matthew T Cornall
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - John W Ward
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , UK . ;
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20
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Chen X, Li D, Wang N, Yang M, Liao A, Wang S, Hu G, Zeng B, Yao Y, Liu D, Liu H, Zhou W, Xiao W, Li P, Ming C, Ping S, Chen P, Jing L, Bai Y, Yao J. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that UGT2B15 activates the Hippo‑YAP signaling pathway leading to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1855-1862. [PMID: 30066917 PMCID: PMC6111708 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies that threatens human health. As the molecular mechanisms unerlying GC are not completely understood, identification of genes related to GC could provide new insights into gene function as well as potential treatment targets. We discovered that UGT2B15 may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of GC using GEO data and bioinformatic analysis. Using TCGA data, UGT2B15 mRNA was found to be significantly overexpressed in GC tissues; patients with higher UGT2B15 had a poorer prognosis. It was further discovered that UGT2B15 and FOXA1 were both upregulated, and UGT2B15 and Foxa1 were positively correlated in GC. It is known that Foxa1 is a vital threshold to activate the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. In addition, we suggest that a potential molecular mechanisms includes UGT2B15 which may upregulate Foxa1, activate the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway and contribute to the development of GC. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that UGT2B15 may be an oncogene in GC and is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Clinical Μedicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Guangsheng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Diqun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weisheng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Song Ping
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Pingfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Clinical Μedicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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21
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Knuuttila M, Mehmood A, Huhtaniemi R, Yatkin E, Häkkinen MR, Oksala R, Laajala TD, Ryberg H, Handelsman DJ, Aittokallio T, Auriola S, Ohlsson C, Laiho A, Elo LL, Sipilä P, Mäkelä SI, Poutanen M. Antiandrogens Reduce Intratumoral Androgen Concentrations and Induce Androgen Receptor Expression in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Xenografts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:216-228. [PMID: 29126837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with the activation of intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and an increase in androgen receptor (AR) expression. We recently demonstrated that, similarly to the clinical CRPC, orthotopically grown castration-resistant VCaP (CR-VCaP) xenografts express high levels of AR and retain intratumoral androgen concentrations similar to tumors grown in intact mice. Herein, we show that antiandrogen treatment (enzalutamide or ARN-509) significantly reduced (10-fold, P < 0.01) intratumoral testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in the CR-VCaP tumors, indicating that the reduction in intratumoral androgens is a novel mechanism by which antiandrogens mediate their effects in CRPC. Antiandrogen treatment also altered the expression of multiple enzymes potentially involved in steroid metabolism. Identical to clinical CRPC, the expression levels of the full-length AR (twofold, P < 0.05) and the AR splice variants 1 (threefold, P < 0.05) and 7 (threefold, P < 0.01) were further increased in the antiandrogen-treated tumors. Nonsignificant effects were observed in the expression of certain classic androgen-regulated genes, such as TMPRSS2 and KLK3, despite the low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. However, other genes recently identified to be highly sensitive to androgen-regulated AR action, such as NOV and ST6GalNAc1, were markedly altered, which indicated reduced androgen action. Taken together, the data indicate that, besides blocking AR, antiandrogens modify androgen signaling in CR-VCaP xenografts at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Knuuttila
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; R&D Oncology Research, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Teemu D Laajala
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari I Mäkelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Grant DJ, Chen Z, Howard LE, Wiggins E, De Hoedt A, Vidal AC, Carney ST, Squires J, Magyar CE, Huang J, Freedland SJ. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:463. [PMID: 28673330 PMCID: PMC5496250 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) genes code for enzymes that catalyze the clearance of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and DHT metabolites in the prostate basal and luminal tissue. The expression of the UGT2B15, UGT2B17, and UGT2B28 enzymes has not been evaluated in prostate tissue samples from hormone therapy-naïve patients. Methods We determined the expression of UGT2B15, UGT2B17, and UGT2B28 enzymes in 190 prostate tissue samples from surgical specimens of a multiethnic cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The association between each protein’s percent positive and H-score, a weighted score of staining intensity, and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) was tested using separate Cox proportional hazards models. In an exploratory analysis, UGT2B17 total positive and H-score were divided at the median and we tested the association between UGT2B17 group and risk of BCR. Results The median follow-up for all patients was 118 months (IQR: 85-144). Of 190, 83 (44%) patients developed BCR. We found no association between UGT2B15 or UGT2B28 and risk of BCR. However, there was a trend for an association between UGT2B17 and BCR (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p = 0.11), though not statistically significant. Upon further investigation, we found that patients with UGT2B17 higher levels of expression had a significant increased risk of BCR on univariable analysis (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.02-2.43, p = 0.041), although this association was attenuated in the multivariable model (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.94-2.40, p = 0.088). Conclusions Our findings suggest that UGT2B17 overexpression may be associated with a significant increased risk of BCR. These results are consistent with previous reports which showed UGT2B17 significantly expressed in advanced prostate cancer including prostate tumor metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delores J Grant
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Science, Cancer Research Program, North Carolina Central University, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| | - Zinan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 1102 Hock Plaza, Box 2721, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 1102 Hock Plaza, Box 2721, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emily Wiggins
- Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Amanda De Hoedt
- Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Cedars-Sinai Health System, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Surgery, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Skyla T Carney
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Science, Cancer Research Program, North Carolina Central University, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Jill Squires
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 14-112, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 14-112, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 14-112, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Health System, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Surgery, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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23
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Pellock SJ, Redinbo MR. Glucuronides in the gut: Sugar-driven symbioses between microbe and host. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8569-8576. [PMID: 28389557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.767434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal milieu is astonishingly complex and home to a constantly changing mixture of small and large molecules, along with an abundance of bacteria, viral particles, and eukaryotic cells. Such complexity makes it difficult to develop testable molecular hypotheses regarding host-microbe interactions. Fortunately, mammals and their associated gastrointestinal (GI) microbes contain complementary systems that are ideally suited for mechanistic studies. Mammalian systems inactivate endobiotic and xenobiotic compounds by linking them to a glucuronic acid sugar for GI excretion. In the GI tract, the microbiota express β-glucuronidase enzymes that remove the glucuronic acid as a carbon source, effectively reversing the actions of mammalian inactivation. Thus, by probing the actions of microbial β-glucuronidases, and by understanding which substrate glucuronides they process, molecular insights into mammalian-microbial symbioses may be revealed amid the complexity of the intestinal tract. Here, we focus on glucuronides in the gut and the microbial proteins that process them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Pellock
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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24
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Braadland PR, Grytli HH, Ramberg H, Katz B, Kellman R, Gauthier-Landry L, Fazli L, Krobert KA, Wang W, Levy FO, Bjartell A, Berge V, Rennie PS, Mellgren G, Mælandsmo GM, Svindland A, Barbier O, Taskén KA. Low β₂-adrenergic receptor level may promote development of castration resistant prostate cancer and altered steroid metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1878-94. [PMID: 26646591 PMCID: PMC4811504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who have undergone androgen deprivation therapy are not fully understood. This is the first study to address whether β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)- mediated signaling may affect CRPC progression in vivo. By immunohistochemical analyses, we observed that low levels of ADRB2 is associated with a more rapid development of CRPC in a Norwegian patient cohort. To elucidate mechanisms by which ADRB2 may affect CRPC development, we stably transfected LNCaP cells with shRNAs to mimic low and high expression of ADRB2. Two UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, involved in phase II metabolism of androgens, were strongly downregulated in two LNCaP shADRB2 cell lines. The low-ADRB2 LNCaP cell lines displayed lowered glucuronidation activities towards androgens than high-ADRB2 cells. Furthermore, increased levels of testosterone and enhanced androgen responsiveness were observed in LNCaP cells expressing low level of ADRB2. Interestingly, these cells grew faster than high-ADRB2 LNCaP cells, and sustained their low glucuronidation activity in castrated NOD/SCID mice. ADRB2 immunohistochemical staining intensity correlated with UGT2B15 staining intensity in independent TMA studies and with UGT2B17 in one TMA study. Similar to ADRB2, we show that low levels of UGT2B15 are associated with a more rapid CRPC progression. We propose a novel mechanism by which ADRB2 may affect the development of CRPC through downregulation of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Rustøen Braadland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf Kellman
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Louis Gauthier-Landry
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmø, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Malmø, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul S Rennie
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Li H, Xie N, Chen R, Verreault M, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Barbier O, Dong X. UGT2B17 Expedites Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers by Promoting Ligand-Independent AR Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6701-6711. [PMID: 27659047 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by a shift in androgen receptor (AR) signaling from androgen-dependent to androgen (ligand)-independent. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) is a key enzyme that maintains androgen homeostasis by catabolizing AR agonists into inactive forms. Although enhanced UGT2B17 expression by antiandrogens has been reported in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, its roles in regulating AR signaling transformation and CRPC progression remain unknown. In this study, we show that higher UGT2B17 protein expression in prostate tumors is associated with higher Gleason score, metastasis, and CRPC progression. UGT2B17 expression and activity were higher in androgen-independent compared to androgen-dependent cell lines. UGT2B17 stimulated cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and xenograft progression to CRPC after prolonged androgen deprivation. Gene microarray analysis indicated that UGT2B17 suppressed androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and enhanced of ligand-independent transcriptional activity at genes associated with cell mitosis. These UGT2B17 actions were mainly mediated by activation of the c-Src kinase. In CRPC tumors, UGT2B17 expression was associated positively with c-Src activation. These results indicate that UGT2B17 expedites CRPC progression by enhancing ligand-independent AR signaling to activate cell mitosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6701-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mélanie Verreault
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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26
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Lopez SM, Agoulnik AI, Zhang M, Peterson LE, Suarez E, Gandarillas GA, Frolov A, Li R, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Ittmann MM, Weigel NL, Agoulnik IU. Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 Expression and Output Declines with Prostate Cancer Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3937-49. [PMID: 26968201 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Castration therapy in advanced prostate cancer eventually fails and leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which has no cure. Characteristic features of CRPC can be increased androgen receptor (AR) expression and altered transcriptional output. We investigated the expression of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in human prostate and prostate cancer and the role of NCOR1 in response to antiandrogens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NCOR1 protein levels were compared between matched normal prostate and prostate cancer in 409 patient samples. NCOR1 knockdown was used to investigate its effect on bicalutamide response in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines and transcriptional changes associated with the loss of NCOR1. NCOR1 transcriptional signature was also examined in prostate cancer gene expression datasets. RESULTS NCOR1 protein was detected in cytoplasm and nuclei of secretory epithelial cells in normal prostate. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear NCOR1 protein levels were lower in prostate cancer than in normal prostate. Prostate cancer metastases show significant decrease in NCOR1 transcriptional output. Inhibition of LNCaP cellular proliferation by bicalutamide requires NCOR1. NCOR1-regulated genes suppress cellular proliferation and mediate bicalutamide resistance. In the mouse, NCOR1 is required for bicalutamide-dependent regulation of a subset of the AR target genes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated that NCOR1 function declines with prostate cancer progression. Reduction in NCOR1 levels causes bicalutamide resistance in LNCaP cells and compromises response to bicalutamide in mouse prostate in vivo Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3937-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Lopez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander I Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Leif E Peterson
- Center for Biostatistics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Egla Suarez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Gregory A Gandarillas
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Anna Frolov
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rile Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy L Weigel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Irina U Agoulnik
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Biomolecular Sciences Institute, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida international University, Miami, Florida.
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27
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Qin X, Liu M, Wang X. New insights into the androgen biotransformation in prostate cancer: A regulatory network among androgen, androgen receptors and UGTs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 106:114-122. [PMID: 26926093 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgen, as one kind of steroid hormones, is pivotal in the hormone-sensitive cancer, such as prostate cancer (PCa). The synthesis, elimination, and bioavailability of androgen in prostate cells have been proved to be a main cause of the carcinogenesis, maintenance and deterioration of PCa. This review illustrates the outlines of androgen biotransformation, and further discusses the different enzymes, especially UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs) embedded in both benign and malignant prostate cells, which catalyze the reactions. Although many inhibitors of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of androgens have been developed into drugs to fight against PCa, the elimination procedures metabolized by the UGTs are less emphasized. Thus the regulatory network among androgen, androgen receptors (AR) and UGTs is carefully reviewed in this article, indicating the determinant effects of UGTs on prostatic androgens and the regulation of AR. Finally, the hypothesis is also put forward that the regulators of UGTs may be developed to accelerate the androgen elimination and benefit PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Zhang A, Zhang J, Plymate S, Mostaghel EA. Classical and Non-Classical Roles for Pre-Receptor Control of DHT Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:104-13. [PMID: 26797685 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Accordingly, androgen deprivation therapy remains the front-line treatment for locally recurrent or advanced PCa, but patients eventually relapse with the lethal form of the disease termed castration resistant PCa (CRPC). Importantly, castration does not eliminate androgens from the prostate tumor microenvironment which is characterized by elevated tissue androgens that are well within the range capable of activating the androgen receptor (AR). In this mini-review, we discuss emerging data that suggest a role for the enzymes mediating pre-receptor control of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) metabolism, including AKR1C2, HSD17B6, HSD17B10, and the UGT family members UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, in controlling intratumoral androgen levels, and thereby influencing PCa progression. We review the expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in this pathway in primary PCa and CRPC, the activity and regulation of these enzymes in PCa experimental models, and the impact of genetic variation in genes mediating pre-receptor DHT metabolism on PCa risk. Finally, we discuss recent data that suggests several of these enzymes may also play an unrecognized role in CRPC progression separate from their role in androgen inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, MS D5-380, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Stephen Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, MS D5-380, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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29
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Margaillan G, Lévesque É, Guillemette C. Epigenetic regulation of steroid inactivating UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by microRNAs in prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:85-93. [PMID: 26385605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgens play a central role in prostate cancer progression. Systemic and local androgen bioavailability is controlled by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases conjugating enzymes (UGT), namely UGT2B15, UGT2B17 and UGT2B28. Reporter vector assays in HEK293 cells initially validated in silico-predicted regulatory potential of candidate miRNAs to target UGT transcripts, including miR-376c, miR-409 and miR-494 for UGT2B17, miR-331-5p and miR-376c for UGT2B15 while none were efficient for UGT2B28. miR-376c was shown as the most effective to downregulate UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 through interactions with a site conserved in both UGTs. Ectopic miR-376c expression in prostate cancer cells significantly reduced UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 expression (>32%; P<0.005) with a consequent decrease in dihydrotestosterone glucuronidation (-37%; P<0.001). Consistent with reduced androgen inactivation, ectopic expression of miR-376c changed expression of androgen responsive genes and enhanced cell proliferation with no effect on androgen receptor levels. Sustaining a role of miR-376c in the regulation of androgen-inactivating UGTs, its expression was significantly downregulated in prostatic tumors and further reduced in metastases (P<0.0001), whereas the opposite was observed for UGT2B15/17 (P=0.031). In high-grade tumors (Gleason ≥8), UGT2B15/17 and miR-376c were inversely correlated (r=-0.557; P=0.048) with also a significant relationship in metastases (r=-0.747; P=0.003). In line with a modification in androgen bioavailability, PSA mRNA levels were also negatively correlated to those of UGT2B15/17 (r=-0.573; P=0.01) but positively linked to levels of miR-376c (r=0.577; P=0.039). This study reveals that the androgen-inactivating UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 genes are direct targets of miR-376c and thus may influence steroid metabolism during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Margaillan
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, G1V 4G2 Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, G1V 4G2 Quebec, Canada.
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30
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Fernández-Nieto F, Mas Roselló J, Lenoir S, Hardy S, Clayden J. Palladium Catalyzed C-Arylation of Amino Acid Derived Hydantoins. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Mas Roselló
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simone Lenoir
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Hardy
- Syngenta
Ltd.,
Jealott’s Hill Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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31
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Goodwin JF, Kothari V, Drake JM, Zhao S, Dylgjeri E, Dean JL, Schiewer MJ, McNair C, Jones JK, Aytes A, Magee MS, Snook AE, Zhu Z, Den RB, Birbe RC, Gomella LG, Graham NA, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Graeber TG, Karnes RJ, Takhar M, Davicioni E, Tomlins SA, Abate-Shen C, Sharifi N, Witte ON, Feng FY, Knudsen KE. DNA-PKcs-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation Drives Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:97-113. [PMID: 26175416 PMCID: PMC4531387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the DNA repair kinase DNA-PKcs exerts divergent roles in transcriptional regulation of unsolved consequence. Here, in vitro and in vivo interrogation demonstrate that DNA-PKcs functions as a selective modulator of transcriptional networks that induce cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Accordingly, suppression of DNA-PKcs inhibits tumor metastases. Clinical assessment revealed that DNA-PKcs is significantly elevated in advanced disease and independently predicts for metastases, recurrence, and reduced overall survival. Further investigation demonstrated that DNA-PKcs in advanced tumors is highly activated, independent of DNA damage indicators. Combined, these findings reveal unexpected DNA-PKcs functions, identify DNA-PKcs as a potent driver of tumor progression and metastases, and nominate DNA-PKcs as a therapeutic target for advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Goodwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin M Drake
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jennifer K Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Departments of Urology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Systems Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael S Magee
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruth C Birbe
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ajay A Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Thomas G Graeber
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Departments of Urology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Systems Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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32
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Riches Z, Collier AC. Posttranscriptional regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:949-65. [PMID: 25797307 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1028355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily of enzymes (EC 2.4.1.17) conjugates glucuronic acid to an aglycone substrate to make them more polar and readily excreted. In general, this reaction terminates the activities of chemicals, drugs and toxins, although occasionally a more active or toxic species is produced. AREAS COVERED In addition to their well-known transcriptional responsiveness, UGTs are also regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, the authors review these mechanisms, including latency, modulation of co-substrate accessibility and binding, dimerization and oligomerization, protein-protein interactions, allosteric inhibition and activation, posttranslational structural and functional modifications and developmental switching for UGTs. EXPERT OPINION Posttranscriptional regulation of UGTs has traditionally received less attention than nuclear regulation, in part because mechanisms involving ribosomes and endoplasmic reticula are challenging to investigate. Most promising of the posttranscriptional mechanisms reviewed are likely to be effects on co-substrate (UDP-glucuronic acid) transport and availability and structure-function changes to UGT proteins through, for example, glycosylation and phosphorylation. Although classical biochemistry continues to illuminate many aspects of UGT function, advances in proteomics and structural biology are beginning to assist in the determination of posttranscriptional regulation mechanisms for UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Riches
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 , Canada +1 604 827 2380 ;
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33
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Gauthier-Landry L, Bélanger A, Barbier O. Multiple roles for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)2B15 and UGT2B17 enzymes in androgen metabolism and prostate cancer evolution. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:187-92. [PMID: 24861263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the prostate, approximately 50% of androgens are from adrenal steroids, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate and androstenedione. These compounds are converted first into testosterone, and then into the active hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). After having activated the androgen receptor (AR), DHT is reduced into androstane-3α-DIOL (3α-DIOL) and androsterone (ADT), which are subsequently converted into 2 inactive and easily excretable metabolites: 3α-DIOL-17glucuronide (3α-DIOL-17G) and ADT-3glucuronide (ADT-3G). The formation of these last derivatives through the glucuronidation reaction involves 2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, namely UGT2B15 and UGT2B17. The present review article aims at providing a comprehensive view of the physiological and pharmacological importance of these 2 enzymes for the control of androgen homeostasis. We will resume: (i) how UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 contribute to androgen elimination; (ii) how their glucuronidation capacity influences the androgen signaling pathway in prostate cells; (iii) how they contribute to the anti-proliferative properties of AR antagonists in prostate cancer cells; and (iv) how AR and its spliced variants regulate the UGT2B15 and/or UGT2B17 genes expression. Finally, whether the unexploited AR-UGT axis could serve as a prognostic maker or a pharmacological target for novel therapeutics in the treatment of prostate cancer is also discussed. This article is part of a special issue entitled 'Essential role of DHEA'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gauthier-Landry
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Bélanger
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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34
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Konnert L, Reneaud B, de Figueiredo RM, Campagne JM, Lamaty F, Martinez J, Colacino E. Mechanochemical Preparation of Hydantoins from Amino Esters: Application to the Synthesis of the Antiepileptic Drug Phenytoin. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10132-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5017629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Konnert
- Université Montpellier II, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS − Universités Montpellier I & II − ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Reneaud
- Université Montpellier II, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS − Universités Montpellier I & II − ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Renata Marcia de Figueiredo
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 Rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-UM1-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 Rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Université Montpellier II, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS − Universités Montpellier I & II − ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Université Montpellier II, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS − Universités Montpellier I & II − ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelina Colacino
- Université Montpellier II, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS − Universités Montpellier I & II − ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
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35
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in adult males in the USA. Recent advances have revealed that the fatal form of this cancer, known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), remains hormonally driven despite castrate levels of circulating androgens. CRPC arises as the tumor undergoes adaptation to low levels of androgens by either synthesizing its own androgens (intratumoral androgens) or altering the androgen receptor (AR). This article reviews the major routes to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone synthesis in CRPC cells and examines the enzyme targets and progress in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors that could block intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. Because redundancy exists in these pathways, it is likely that inhibition of a single pathway will lead to upregulation of another so that drug resistance would be anticipated. Drugs that target multiple pathways or bifunctional agents that block intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and antagonize the AR offer the most promise. Optimal use of enzyme inhibitors or AR antagonists to ensure maximal benefits to CRPC patients will also require application of precision molecular medicine to determine whether a tumor in a particular patient will be responsive to these treatments either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Perelman School of MedicineCenter of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
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36
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Heemers HV. Targeting androgen receptor action for prostate cancer treatment: does the post-receptor level provide novel opportunities? Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:576-87. [PMID: 24948870 PMCID: PMC4062950 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for patients who suffer from non-organ confined prostate cancer (CaP) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT exploits the reliance of CaP cells on androgen receptor (AR) signaling throughout CaP progression from androgen-stimulated (AS) to castration-recurrent (CR) disease. AR is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Ligand-activated AR relocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it binds to Androgen Response Elements (AREs) to regulate transcription of target genes that control CaP cell behavior and progression. Current forms of ADT interfere at 2 levels along the AR signaling axis. At the pre-receptor level, ADT limits the availability of ligand for AR, while at the receptor level, ADT interrupts AR-ligand interactions. Both forms of ADT induce remission, but are not curative and, because of extraprostatic actions, are associated with severe side effects. Here, the potential of interference with the molecular regulation of AR-dependent transcription and the action of AR target genes, at the post receptor level, as the foundation for the development of novel, more CaP- specific selective forms of ADT is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore V. Heemers
- Departments of Urology and Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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