1
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Shim HS, Iaconelli J, Shang X, Li J, Lan ZD, Jiang S, Nutsch K, Beyer BA, Lairson LL, Boutin AT, Bollong MJ, Schultz PG, DePinho RA. TERT activation targets DNA methylation and multiple aging hallmarks. Cell 2024; 187:4030-4042.e13. [PMID: 38908367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient telomerase activity, stemming from low telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene transcription, contributes to telomere dysfunction and aging pathologies. Besides its traditional function in telomere synthesis, TERT acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of genes pivotal in aging and age-associated diseases. Here, we report the identification of a TERT activator compound (TAC) that upregulates TERT transcription via the MEK/ERK/AP-1 cascade. In primary human cells and naturally aged mice, TAC-induced elevation of TERT levels promotes telomere synthesis, blunts tissue aging hallmarks with reduced cellular senescence and inflammatory cytokines, and silences p16INK4a expression via upregulation of DNMT3B-mediated promoter hypermethylation. In the brain, TAC alleviates neuroinflammation, increases neurotrophic factors, stimulates adult neurogenesis, and preserves cognitive function without evident toxicity, including cancer risk. Together, these findings underscore TERT's critical role in aging processes and provide preclinical proof of concept for physiological TERT activation as a strategy to mitigate multiple aging hallmarks and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng D Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brittney A Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam T Boutin
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Lopes-Paciencia S, Bourdeau V, Rowell MC, Amirimehr D, Guillon J, Kalegari P, Barua A, Quoc-Huy Trinh V, Azzi F, Turcotte S, Serohijos A, Ferbeyre G. A senescence restriction point acting on chromatin integrates oncogenic signals. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114044. [PMID: 38568812 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We identify a senescence restriction point (SeRP) as a critical event for cells to commit to senescence. The SeRP integrates the intensity and duration of oncogenic stress, keeps a memory of previous stresses, and combines oncogenic signals acting on different pathways by modulating chromatin accessibility. Chromatin regions opened upon commitment to senescence are enriched in nucleolar-associated domains, which are gene-poor regions enriched in repeated sequences. Once committed to senescence, cells no longer depend on the initial stress signal and exhibit a characteristic transcriptome regulated by a transcription factor network that includes ETV4, RUNX1, OCT1, and MAFB. Consistent with a tumor suppressor role for this network, the levels of ETV4 and RUNX1 are very high in benign lesions of the pancreas but decrease dramatically in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. The discovery of senescence commitment and its chromatin-linked regulation suggests potential strategies for reinstating tumor suppression in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lopes-Paciencia
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Camille Rowell
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Davoud Amirimehr
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jordan Guillon
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Paloma Kalegari
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Arnab Barua
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Service de chirurgie hépatopancréatobiliaire, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian Serohijos
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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3
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Deschênes-Simard X, Malleshaiah M, Ferbeyre G. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases: One Pathway, Multiple Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:95. [PMID: 38201521 PMCID: PMC10778234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted aspects of ERK signaling and the intricate mechanisms underlying distinct cellular fates. ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK) govern proliferation, transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, differentiation, senescence, or cell death, contingent upon activation strength, duration, and context. The biochemical mechanisms underlying these outcomes are inadequately understood, shaped by signaling feedback and the spatial localization of ERK activation. Generally, ERK activation aligns with the Goldilocks principle in cell fate determination. Inadequate or excessive ERK activity hinders cell proliferation, while balanced activation promotes both cell proliferation and survival. Unraveling the intricacies of how the degree of ERK activation dictates cell fate requires deciphering mechanisms encompassing protein stability, transcription factors downstream of ERK, and the chromatin landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Deschênes-Simard
- Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Mohan Malleshaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montreal Cancer Institute, CR-CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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4
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Ma Q, Zhang Y, Liang H, Zhang F, Liu F, Chen S, Hu Y, Jiang L, Hao Y, Li M, Liu Y. EMP3 as a key downstream target of miR-663a regulation interferes with MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to inhibit gallbladder cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2023; 575:216398. [PMID: 37730106 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, and its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we explore the functional roles of epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) in GBC progression, which is aberrantly expressed in various types of cancers. The results showed that the expression level of EMP3 was reduced in human GBC tissues compared with non-malignant tissues. Further, the low expression of EMP3 was associated with the poor prognosis of GBC patients by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The ectopic expression of EMP3 inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, the depletion of EMP3 promoted GBC cell growth and metastasis. In addition, we found that EMP3 was a target gene of miR-663a, and the downregulation of EMP3 in GBC was attributed to the overexpression of miR-663a. MiR-663a was also shown to be a tumor-promoting factor mediating GBC development. In this study, we demonstrate that downregulation of EMP3 activates MAPK/ERK signaling, which regulates GBC progression. These data reveal the mechanism by which EMP3 inhibits the progression of GBC, suggesting that the miR-663a/EMP3/MAPK/ERK axis may be a new therapeutic target for GBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Thyroid Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haibin Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fatao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037,China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200127, China.
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5
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Rowell MC, Deschênes-Simard X, Lopes-Paciencia S, Le Calvé B, Kalegari P, Mignacca L, Fernandez-Ruiz A, Guillon J, Lessard F, Bourdeau V, Igelmann S, Duman AM, Stanom Y, Kottakis F, Deshpande V, Krizhanovsky V, Bardeesy N, Ferbeyre G. Targeting ribosome biogenesis reinforces ERK-dependent senescence in pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2172-2193. [PMID: 37942963 PMCID: PMC10732607 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2278945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) often possess mutations in K-Ras that stimulate the ERK pathway. Aberrantly high ERK activation triggers oncogene-induced senescence, which halts tumor progression. Here we report that low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia displays very high levels of phospho-ERK consistent with a senescence response. However, advanced lesions that have circumvented the senescence barrier exhibit lower phospho-ERK levels. Restoring ERK hyperactivation in PDAC using activated RAF leads to ERK-dependent growth arrest with senescence biomarkers. ERK-dependent senescence in PDAC was characterized by a nucleolar stress response including a selective depletion of nucleolar phosphoproteins and intranucleolar foci containing RNA polymerase I designated as senescence-associated nucleolar foci (SANF). Accordingly, combining ribosome biogenesis inhibitors with ERK hyperactivation reinforced the senescence response in PDAC cells. Notably, comparable mechanisms were observed upon treatment with the platinum-based chemotherapy regimen FOLFIRINOX, currently a first-line treatment option for PDAC. We thus suggest that drugs targeting ribosome biogenesis can improve the senescence anticancer response in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- MC. Rowell
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - X. Deschênes-Simard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Lopes-Paciencia
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B. Le Calvé
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - P. Kalegari
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L. Mignacca
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A. Fernandez-Ruiz
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J. Guillon
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F. Lessard
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Research Centre, Canada, Present
| | - V. Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Igelmann
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - AM. Duman
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y. Stanom
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - F. Kottakis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V. Deshpande
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V. Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N. Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G. Ferbeyre
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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6
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Li XP, Guo ZQ, Wang BF, Zhao M. EGFR alterations in glioblastoma play a role in antitumor immunity regulation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1236246. [PMID: 37601668 PMCID: PMC10436475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1236246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most frequently altered gene in glioblastoma (GBM), which plays an important role in tumor development and anti-tumor immune response. While current molecular targeted therapies against the EGFR signaling pathway and its downstream key molecules have not demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in GBM. Whereas tumor immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown durable antitumor responses in many cancers. However, the clinical efficacy is limited in patients carrying EGFR alterations, indicating that EGFR signaling may involve tumor immune response. Recent studies reveal that EGFR alterations not only promote GBM cell proliferation but also influence immune components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells (e.g., M2-like TAMs, MDSCs, and Tregs), and inhibition of T and NK cell activation. Moreover, EGFR alterations upregulate the expression of immunosuppressive molecules or cytokines (such as PD-L1, CD73, TGF-β). This review explores the role of EGFR alterations in establishing an immunosuppressive TME and hopes to provide a theoretical basis for combining targeted EGFR inhibitors with immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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da Silva-Maia JK, Nagalingam A, Cazarin CBB, Marostica Junior MR, Sharma D. Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel extracts induce reticulum stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 6:100167. [PMID: 36875800 PMCID: PMC9982605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Jaboticaba peel (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a source of bioactive compounds. We investigated the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract (JE1) and hydroethanolic extract (JE2) of Jaboticaba peel against breast cancer. Both JE1 and JE2 inhibited clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells while JE1 was particularly effective in MCF7 cells. Anchorage-independent growth and cell viability was also inhibited by JE1 and JE2. In addition to growth inhibition, JE1 and JE2 could also inhibit migration and invasion of cells. Interestingly, JE1 and JE2 show selective inhibition towards certain breast cancer cells and biological processes. Mechanistic evaluations showed that JE1 induced PARP cleavage, BAX and BIP indicating apoptotic induction. An elevation of phosphorylated ERK was observed in MCF7 cells in response to JE1 and JE2 along with increased IRE-α and CHOP expression indicating increased endoplasmic stress. Therefore, Jaboticaba peel extracts could be potentially considered for further development for breast cancer inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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Kozlova NI, Morozevich GE, Gevorkian NM, Kurbatov LK, Berman AE. Implication of integrin α5β1 in senescence of SK-Mel-147 human melanoma cells. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:156-164. [PMID: 37384907 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236903156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of α5β1 integrin in the SK-Mel-147 human melanoma culture model sharply inhibits the phenotypic manifestations of tumor progression: cell proliferation and clonal activity. This was accompanied by a 2-3-fold increase in the content of SA-β-Gal positive cells thus indicating an increase in the cellular senescence phenotype. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of p53 and p21 tumor suppressors and components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70 signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 reduced the content of SA-β-Gal positive cells in the population of α5β1-deficient SK-Mel-147 cells. A similar effect was observed with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of Akt1, one of the three Akt protein kinase isoenzymes; suppression of other Akt isozymes did not affect melanoma cell senescence. The results presented in this work and previously obtained indicate that α5β1 shares with other integrins of the β1 family the function of cell protection from senescence. This function is realized via regulation of the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway, in which Akt1 exhibits a non-canonical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Kozlova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - L K Kurbatov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Berman
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Chen JY, Hug C, Reyes J, Tian C, Gerosa L, Fröhlich F, Ponsioen B, Snippert HJG, Spencer SL, Jambhekar A, Sorger PK, Lahav G. Multi-range ERK responses shape the proliferative trajectory of single cells following oncogene induction. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112252. [PMID: 36920903 PMCID: PMC10153468 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence is a phenomenon in which aberrant oncogene expression causes non-transformed cells to enter a non-proliferative state. Cells undergoing oncogenic induction display phenotypic heterogeneity, with some cells senescing and others remaining proliferative. The causes of heterogeneity remain unclear. We studied the sources of heterogeneity in the responses of human epithelial cells to oncogenic BRAFV600E expression. We found that a narrow expression range of BRAFV600E generated a wide range of activities of its downstream effector ERK. In population-level and single-cell assays, ERK activity displayed a non-monotonic relationship to proliferation, with intermediate ERK activities leading to maximal proliferation. We profiled gene expression across a range of ERK activities over time and characterized four distinct ERK response classes, which we propose act in concert to generate the ERK-proliferation response. Altogether, our studies map the input-output relationships between ERK activity and proliferation, elucidating how heterogeneity can be generated during oncogene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clemens Hug
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - José Reyes
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengzhe Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Gerosa
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Fabian Fröhlich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina L Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Ashwini Jambhekar
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Galit Lahav
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Marchand B, Poulin MA, Lawson C, Tai LH, Jean S, Boucher MJ. Gemcitabine promotes autophagy and lysosomal function through ERK- and TFEB-dependent mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 36746928 PMCID: PMC9902516 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a first-line treatment agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Contributing to its cytotoxicity, this chemotherapeutic agent is primarily a DNA replication inhibitor that also induces DNA damage. However, its therapeutic effects are limited owing to chemoresistance. Evidence in the literature points to a role for autophagy in restricting the efficacy of gemcitabine. Autophagy is a catabolic process in which intracellular components are delivered to degradative organelles lysosomes. Interfering with this process sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine. It is consequently inferred that autophagy and lysosomal function need to be tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and provide resistance to environmental stress, such as those imposed by chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the mechanism(s) through which gemcitabine promotes autophagy remains elusive, and the impact of gemcitabine on lysosomal function remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we applied complementary approaches to define the mechanisms triggered by gemcitabine that support autophagy and lysosome function. We found that gemcitabine elicited ERK-dependent autophagy in PDAC cells, but did not stimulate ERK activity or autophagy in non-tumoral human pancreatic epithelial cells. Gemcitabine also promoted transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosomal function in PDAC cells. Indeed, treating PDAC cells with gemcitabine caused expansion of the lysosomal network, as revealed by Lysosome associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) and LysoTracker staining. More specific approaches have shown that gemcitabine promotes the activity of cathepsin B (CTSB), a cysteine protease playing an active role in lysosomal degradation. We showed that lysosomal function induced by gemcitabine depends on TFEB, the master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Interfering with TFEB function considerably limited the clonogenic growth of PDAC cells and hindered the capacity of TFEB-depleted PDAC cells to develop orthotopic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Marchand
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Poulin
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada ,grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Member of the Centre de Recherche du CHUS and the Institut de recherche sur le cancer de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Steve Jean
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada ,grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Member of the Centre de Recherche du CHUS and the Institut de recherche sur le cancer de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Boucher
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. .,Member of the Centre de Recherche du CHUS and the Institut de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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11
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Wattanathamsan O, Chantaravisoot N, Wongkongkathep P, Kungsukool S, Chetprayoon P, Chanvorachote P, Vinayanuwattikun C, Pongrakhananon V. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 destabilizes ERK phosphorylation and suppresses cancer proliferation via modulation of the tubulin acetylation-GRP78 interaction. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:4. [PMID: 36639650 PMCID: PMC9838051 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide is lung cancer, and its clinical outcome and prognosis are still unsatisfactory. The understanding of potential molecular targets is necessary for clinical implications in precision diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a major deacetylase enzyme, is a promising target for cancer therapy; however, the molecular mechanism regulating cancer pathogenesis is largely unknown. METHODS The clinical relevance of HDAC6 expression levels and their correlation with the overall survival rate were analyzed based on the TCGA and GEO databases. HDAC6 expression in clinical samples obtained from lung cancer tissues and patient-derived primary lung cancer cells was evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The potential regulatory mechanism of HDAC6 was identified by proteomic analysis and validated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, microtubule sedimentation, and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assays using a specific inhibitor of HDAC6, trichostatin A (TSA) and RNA interference to HDAC6 (siHDAC6). Lung cancer cell growth was assessed by an in vitro 2-dimensional (2D) cell proliferation assay and 3D tumor spheroid formation using patient-derived lung cancer cells. RESULTS HDAC6 was upregulated in lung cancer specimens and significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of HDAC6 by TSA and siHDAC6 caused downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), which was dependent on the tubulin acetylation status. Tubulin acetylation induced by TSA and siHDAC6 mediated the dissociation of p-ERK on microtubules, causing p-ERK destabilization. The proteomic analysis demonstrated that the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was an important scaffolder required for p-ERK localization on microtubules, and this phenomenon was significantly inhibited by either TSA, siHDAC6, or siGRP78. In addition, suppression of HDAC6 strongly attenuated an in vitro 2D lung cancer cell growth and an in vitro 3D patient derived-lung cancer spheroid growth. CONCLUSIONS HDAC6 inhibition led to upregulate tubulin acetylation, causing GRP78-p-ERK dissociation from microtubules. As a result, p-ERK levels were decreased, and lung cancer cell growth was subsequently suppressed. This study reveals the intriguing role and molecular mechanism of HDAC6 as a tumor promoter, and its inhibition represents a promising approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onsurang Wattanathamsan
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Kungsukool
- grid.413637.40000 0004 4682 905XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Muang District, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Paninee Chetprayoon
- grid.425537.20000 0001 2191 4408Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanida Vinayanuwattikun
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Demirtas Korkmaz F, Dogan Turacli I, Esendagli G, Ekmekci A. Effects of thiostrepton alone or in combination with selumetinib on triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10387-10397. [PMID: 36097108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FoxM1 transcription factor contributes to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we examined the effects of FoxM1 inhibitor Thiostrepton (THIO) alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor Selumetinib (SEL) on metastatic parameters in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry was used to assess metastasis-related protein expressions in 4T1 cells and its allograft tumor model in BALB/c mice. In vivo uPA activity was determined by enzymatic methods. RESULTS Both inhibitors were effective on the expressions of FoxM1, ERK, p-ERK, Twist, E-cadherin, and Vimentin alone or in combination in vitro. THIO significantly decreased 4T1 cell migration and changed the cell morphology from mesenchymal-like to epithelial-like structure. THIO was more effective than in combination with SEL in terms of metastatic protein expressions in vivo. THIO alone significantly inhibited mean tumor growth, decreased lung metastasis rate and tumor foci, however, no significant changes in these parameters were observed in the combined group. Immunohistochemically, FoxM1 expression intensity was decreased with THIO and its combination with SEL in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that inhibiting FoxM1 as a single target is more effective than combined treatment with MEK in theTNBC allograft model. The therapeutic efficacy of THIO should be investigated with further studies on appropriate drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Demirtas Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey.
| | - Irem Dogan Turacli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guldal Esendagli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ekmekci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Lei J, Zhao J, Long MYC, Cao XW, Wang FJ. In addition to its endosomal escape effect, platycodin D also synergizes with ribosomal inactivation protein to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cells through AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 364:110058. [PMID: 35872048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient endosomal escape after cellular uptake is a major challenge for the clinical application of therapeutic proteins. To overcome this obstacle, several strategies have been used to help protein drugs escape from endosomes without affecting the integrity of the cell membrane. Among them, some triterpenoid saponins with special structures were used to greatly enhance the anti-tumor therapeutic effect of protein toxins. Herein, we demonstrated that platycodin D (PD), polygalacin D (PGD) and platycodin D2 (PD2) from Platycodonis Radix significantly enhanced the ability of MHBP (a type I ribosome-inactivating protein toxin MAP30 fused with a cell-penetrating peptide HBP) to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Based on the results of co-localization of endocytosed EGFP-HBP with a lysosomal probe and Galectin-9 vesicle membrane damage sensor, we demonstrated that PD, PGD and PD2 have the ability to promote endosomal escape of endocytic proteins without affecting the integrity of the plasma membrane. Meanwhile, we observed that cholesterol metabolism plays an important role in the activity of PD by RNA-seq analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and confirm that PD, PGD and PD2 enhance the anti-tumor activity of MHBP by inducing the redistribution of free cholesterol and inhibiting the activity of cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Finally, we found that PD synergized with MHBP to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis through inhibiting Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and activating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the application of PD in cancer therapy and provides efficient and promising strategies for the cytosolic delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lei
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng-Yi-Chen Long
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue-Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd. 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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15
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Sarantis P, Karamouzis MV. The impact of thromboprophylaxis with LMWHs on the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S120-S126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Park HB, Baek KH. E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes regulating the MAPK signaling pathway in cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Igelmann S, Lessard F, Ferbeyre G. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Cancer Signaling, Metabolism and Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071830. [PMID: 35406602 PMCID: PMC8997759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer state is thought to be maintained by genetic and epigenetic changes that drive a cancer-promoting gene expression program. However, recent results show that cellular states can be also stably maintained by the reorganization of cell structure leading to the formation of biological condensates via the process of liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we review the data showing cancer-specific biological condensates initiated by mutant oncoproteins, RNA-binding proteins, or lincRNAs that regulate oncogenic gene expression programs and cancer metabolism. Effective anticancer drugs may specifically partition into oncogenic biological condensates (OBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Igelmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Montreal Cancer Institute, CR-CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada;
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Montreal Cancer Institute, CR-CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-7571
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18
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Liu H, Li X, Xie J, Lv C, Lian F, Zhang S, Duan Y, Zeng Y, Piao X. Gypenoside L and Gypenoside LI Inhibit Proliferation in Renal Cell Carcinoma via Regulation of the MAPK and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820639. [PMID: 35370678 PMCID: PMC8964777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate of all urological malignancies. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all RCC cases and is often accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets. Growing evidence indicates that ccRCC is a metabolism-related disease. Gypenosides are commonly used for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia, and their antitumor activity has also been recognized. However, the potential inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action of gypenoside L (Gyp L) and gypenoside LI (Gyp LI) in ccRCC remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that Gyp L and Gyp LI significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells in vitro. We performed network pharmacology and RNA-seq, and verified the results by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence experiments. Our results demonstrated that Gyp L and Gyp LI upregulate the expression of COX2 and downregulate the expression levels of cPLA2 and CYP1A1, resulting in reduced arachidonic acid and apoptosis. Gyp L and Gyp LI upregulated the protein levels of DUSP1, p-JUN, and p-JNK, and downregulated p-MEK1/2, p-ERK, and p-P38 levels. Moreover, gypenosides significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and gypenosides significantly reduced cPLA2 and CYP1A1 expression. Furthermore, we performed absolute quantification of arachidonic acid (AA) content in ccRCC cells and tumor tissues by HPLC-MS, and found that the arachidonic acid content was significantly reduced after Gyp L, Gyp LI, and gypenoside intervention. In conclusion, our data suggest that Gyp L, Gyp LI, and gypenosides decrease the content of arachidonic acid in ccRCC cells and tumor tissues, but do not have cytotoxic effects on nude mice. Thus, Gyp L, Gyp LI, and total gypenosides extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum exhibited antitumor activities against ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.,School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Jinbo Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Lv
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangchao Lian
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shouyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianglan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Evaluation of Anti-angiogenic Agent F16 for Targeting Glioblastoma Xenograft Tumors. Cancer Genet 2022; 264-265:71-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
A hallmark of cellular senescence is proliferation-like activity of growth-promoting pathways (such as mTOR and MAPK) in non-proliferating cells. When the cell cycle is arrested, these pathways convert arrest to senescence (geroconversion), rendering cells hypertrophic, beta-Gal-positive and hyperfunctional. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is one of the numerous hyperfunctions. Figuratively, geroconversion is a continuation of growth in non-proliferating cells. Rapamycin, a reversible inhibitor of growth, slows down mTOR-driven geroconversion. Developed two decades ago, this model had accurately predicted that rapamycin must extend life span of animals. However, the notion that senescent cells directly cause organismal aging is oversimplified. Senescent cells contribute to organismal aging but are not strictly required. Cell senescence and organismal aging can be linked indirectly via the same underlying cause, namely hyperfunctional signaling pathways such as mTOR.
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21
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Programmed Cell Death Alterations Mediated by Synthetic Indole Chalcone Resulted in Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Signaling Pathway Modulations in Breast Cancer Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030503. [PMID: 35335879 PMCID: PMC8953149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new chemotherapy significantly increased the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients, the use of these drugs is often associated with serious toxicity. The discovery of novel anticancer agents for BC therapy is expected. This study was conducted to explore the antiproliferative effect of newly synthesized indole chalcone derivative ZK-CH-11d on human BC cell lines. MTT screening, flow cytometry, Western blot, and fluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the mode of cell death. ZK-CH-11d significantly suppressed the proliferation of BC cells with minimal effect against non-cancer cells. This effect was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis induction. Apoptosis was associated with cytochrome c release, increased activity of caspase 3 and caspase 7, PARP cleavage, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of the DNA damage response system. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that ZK-CH-11d increased the AMPK phosphorylation with simultaneous inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway indicating autophagy initiation. However, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of ZK-CH-11d in MDA-MB-231 cells indicating that autophagy is not principally involved in the antiproliferative effect of ZK-CH-11d. Taking together the results from our experiments, we assume that autophagy was activated as a defense mechanism in treated cells trying to escape from chalcone-induced harmful effects.
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22
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Engel M, Belfiore L, Aghaei B, Sutija M. Enabling high throughput drug discovery in 3D cell cultures through a novel bioprinting workflow. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:32-38. [PMID: 35058203 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced three dimensional cell culture techniques have been adopted in many laboratories to better model in vivo tissue by recapitulating multi-cellular architecture and the presence of extracellular matrix features. We describe here a 3D cell culture platform in a small molecule screening workflow that uses traditional biomarker and intracellular kinase end point assay readouts. By combining the high throughput bioprinter RASTRUM with the high throughput screening assay AlphaLISA, we demonstrate the utility of the protocol in 3D synthetic hydrogel cultures with breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and fibroblast cells. To establish and validate the workflow, we treated the breast cancer cultures with doxorubicin, while fibroblast cultures were stimulated with the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide. 3D and 2D MDA-MB-231 cultures were equally susceptible to doxorubicin treatment, while showing opposite ERK phosphorylation changes. Doxorubicin readily entered embedded MCF-7 spheroids and markedly reduced intracellular GSK3β phosphorylation. Furthermore, quantifying extracellular interleukin 6 levels showed a very similar activation profile for fibroblasts in 2D and 3D cultures, with 3D fibroblast networks being more resistant against the immune challenge. Through these validation experiments we demonstrate the full compatibility of the bioprinted 3D cell cultures with several widely-used 2D culture assays. The efficiency of the workflow, minimal culture handling, and applicability of traditional screening assays, demonstrates that advanced encapsulated 3D cell cultures can be used in 2D cell culture screening workflows, while providing a more holistic view on cell biology to increase the predictability to in vivo drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Engel
- Inventia Life Science Operations Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW 2015, Australia.
| | - Lisa Belfiore
- Inventia Life Science Operations Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- Inventia Life Science Operations Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW 2015, Australia
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Zhang S, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. Small-molecule NSC59984 induces mutant p53 degradation through a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:622-636. [PMID: 34992144 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyper-stabilized mutant p53 are common in cancer. Hyper-stabilized mutant p53 contributes to its gain-of-function (GOF) which confers resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. Targeting mutant p53 degradation is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. We used a small-molecule NSC59984 to explore elimination of mutant p53 in cancer cells, and identified an inducible ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis as a vulnerability for induction of mutant p53 degradation in cancer cells. NSC59984 treatment promotes a constitutive phosphorylation of ERK2 via ROS in cancer cells. The NSC59984-sustained ERK2 activation is required for MDM2 phosphorylation at serine-166. NSC59984 enhances phosphorylated-MDM2 binding to mutant p53, which leads to mutant p53 ubiquitination and degradation. High cellular ROS increases the efficacy of NSC59984 targeting mutant p53 degradation and anti-tumor effects. Our data suggest that mutant p53 stabilization has a vulnerability under high ROS cellular conditions, which can be exploited by compounds to target mutant p53 protein degradation through the activation of a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis in cancer cells. Implications: An inducible ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis exposes a vulnerability in mutant p53 stabilization and can be exploited by small molecule compounds to induce mutant p53 degradation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
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24
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The Antitumor Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester by Downregulating Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 via AR/p53/NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020274. [PMID: 35053438 PMCID: PMC8773797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a honeybee propolis-derived bioactive ingredient, has not been extensively elucidated regarding its effect on prostate cancer and associated mechanisms. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 gene (MALT1) modulates NF-κB signal transduction in lymphoma and non-lymphoma cells. We investigated the functions and regulatory mechanisms of CAPE in relation to MALT1 in prostate carcinoma cells. In p53- and androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate carcinoma cells, CAPE downregulated AR and MALT1 expression but enhanced that of p53, thus decreasing androgen-induced activation of MALT1 and prostate-specific antigen expressions. p53 downregulated the expression of MALT in prostate carcinoma cells through the putative consensus and nonconsensus p53 response elements. CAPE downregulated MALT1 expression and thus inhibited NF-κB activity in p53- and AR-negative prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, eventually reducing cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CAPE induced the ERK/JNK/p38/AMPKα1/2 signaling pathways; however, pretreatment with the corresponding inhibitors of MAPK or AMPK1/2 did not inhibit the CAPE effect on MALT1 blocking in PC-3 cells. Our findings verify that CAPE is an effective antitumor agent for human androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of MALT1 expression via the AR/p53/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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ISHIGAMORI R, NARUSE M, HIRATA A, MARU Y, HIPPO Y, IMAI T. The potential of organoids in toxicologic pathology: Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of a mouse normal tissue-derived organoid-based carcinogenesis model. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:211-223. [PMID: 35832903 PMCID: PMC9255998 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we introduced an organoid-based chemical carcinogenesis model using mouse
normal tissue-derived organoids. In the present review article, the histopathological and
immunohistochemical characteristics of mouse normal tissue-derived organoids and tumors
derived from these organoids after their in vitro treatment with
genotoxic carcinogens and injection into nude mouse are reviewed. In organoids treated
in vitro with genotoxic carcinogens, we confirmed macroscopic
tumorigenicity and histopathological findings, including neoplastic characteristics, such
as multilayered epithelia and/or invasion of epithelia into the surrounding interstitium.
In contrast glandular/cystic structures with monolayered epithelia were clearly demarcated
from the surrounding Matrigel/interstitium in the untreated control groups. In addition to
macroscopic tumorigenicity, these microscopic epithelial changes, which are characteristic
of the early stages of carcinogenesis, are included in the requirements for
carcinogenicity-positive judgement of the organoid-based carcinogenesis model.
Immunohistochemistry of cytokeratins (CKs), used to determine the origin of epithelia and
distribution of extraductal invasive lesions, or oncogenic kinases, which reflect
molecular activation in epithelia following chemical treatment, is helpful for accurate
diagnosis and molecular evaluation in the early stages of carcinogenesis. This information
improves our biological understanding of organoid-based chemical carcinogenesis
models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako ISHIGAMORI
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mie NARUSE
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro HIRATA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki MARU
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka HIPPO
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Toshio IMAI
- Department of Cancer Model Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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26
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Wilmerding A, Bouteille L, Caruso N, Bidaut G, Etchevers HC, Graba Y, Delfini MC. Sustained experimental activation of FGF8/ERK in the developing chicken spinal cord models early events in ERK-mediated tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2021; 24:120-132. [PMID: 34959031 PMCID: PMC8717438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK/ERK pathway regulates a variety of physiological cellular functions, including cell proliferation and survival. It is abnormally activated in many types of human cancers in response to driver mutations in regulators of this pathway that trigger tumor initiation. The early steps of oncogenic progression downstream of ERK overactivation are poorly understood due to a lack of appropriate models. We show here that ERK1/2 overactivation in the trunk neural tube of the chicken embryo through expression of a constitutively active form of the upstream kinase MEK1 (MEK1ca), rapidly provokes a profound change in the transcriptional signature of developing spinal cord cells. These changes are concordant with a previously established role of the tyrosine kinase receptor ligand FGF8 acting via the ERK1/2 effectors to maintain an undifferentiated state. Furthermore, we show that MEK1ca-transfected spinal cord cells lose neuronal identity, retain caudal markers, and ectopically express potential effector oncogenes, such as AQP1. MEK1ca expression in the developing spinal cord from the chicken embryo is thus a tractable in vivo model to identify the mechanisms fostering neoplasia and malignancy in ERK-induced tumorigenesis of neural origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Wilmerding
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Lauranne Bouteille
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Nathalie Caruso
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Plateform Integrative Bioinformatics, Cibi, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Marie-Claire Delfini
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), IBDM-UMR 7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France.
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27
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Roy S, Kumaravel S, Banerjee P, White TK, O’Brien A, Seelig C, Chauhan R, Ekser B, Bayless KJ, Alpini G, Glaser SS, Chakraborty S. Tumor Lymphatic Interactions Induce CXCR2-CXCL5 Axis and Alter Cellular Metabolism and Lymphangiogenic Pathways to Promote Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:3093. [PMID: 34831316 PMCID: PMC8623887 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or cancer of bile duct epithelial cells, is a very aggressive malignancy characterized by early lymphangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and lymph node (LN) metastasis which correlate with adverse patient outcome. However, the specific roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that promote LN metastasis remains unexplored. Here we aimed to identify the dynamic molecular crosstalk between LECs and CCA cells that activate tumor-promoting pathways and enhances lymphangiogenic mechanisms. Our studies show that inflamed LECs produced high levels of chemokine CXCL5 that signals through its receptor CXCR2 on CCA cells. The CXCR2-CXCL5 signaling axis in turn activates EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) inducing MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) genes such as GLI, PTCHD, and MMP2 in CCA cells that promote CCA migration and invasion. Further, rate of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of CCA cells was significantly upregulated by inflamed LECs and CXCL5 activation, indicating metabolic reprogramming. CXCL5 also induced lactate production, glucose uptake, and mitoROS. CXCL5 also induced LEC tube formation and increased metabolic gene expression in LECs. In vivo studies using CCA orthotopic models confirmed several of these mechanisms. Our data points to a key finding that LECs upregulate critical tumor-promoting pathways in CCA via CXCR2-CXCL5 axis, which further augments CCA metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Roy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Subhashree Kumaravel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Tori K. White
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - April O’Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Catherine Seelig
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Rahul Chauhan
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA;
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA;
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Shannon S. Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.R.); (S.K.); (P.B.); (T.K.W.); (A.O.); (C.S.); (R.C.); (S.S.G.)
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28
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Wattanathamsan O, Chetprayoon P, Chantaravisoot N, Wongkongkathep P, Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V. CAMSAP3 depletion induces lung cancer cell senescence-associated phenotypes through extracellular signal-regulated kinase inactivation. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8961-8975. [PMID: 34724356 PMCID: PMC8683528 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is an aging‐related process found in cancer cells that contributes to irreversible growth arrest and tumor aggressiveness. Recently, calmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 3 (CAMSAP3), a minus‐end microtubule‐stabilizing protein, has received increasing attention in cancer cell biology. However, the biological role of CAMSAP3 on senescence in human lung cancer remains incompletely understood. Methods The function of CAMSAP3 on the regulation of cellular senescence‐associated phenotypes in human non‐small cell lung cancer H460 cells were determined in CAMSAP3 deletion (H460/C3ko) cells. The effects of CAMSAP3 on cell proliferation were investigated using MTT and colony formation assays. The cell cycle activity was evaluated by flow cytometry and the senescence‐associated phenotypes were observed by SA‐β‐Gal staining. Quantitative RT‐PCR and westen blot were used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle and senescence markers. Moreover, the interaction of CAMSAP3‐ERK1/2 and possible partner protein was quantified using immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence. Lastly, an xenograft model were performed. Results CAMSAP3 knockout promotes lung cancer cell senescence‐associated phenotypes and induces G1 cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic investigation revealed that phosphorylated ERK (p‐ERK) was markedly downregulated in CAMSAP3‐deleted cells, suppressing cyclin D1 expression levels, and full‐length CAMSAP3 abrogated these phenotypes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is required as a scaffold for CAMSAP3‐modulating ERK signaling. Furthermore, an in vivo tumor xenograft experiment showed that tumor initiation is potentially delayed in CAMSAP3 knockout tumors with the downregulation of p‐ERK and cyclin D1, resulting in a senescence‐like phenotype. Conclusion This study is the first to report an intriguing role of CAMSAP3 in lung carcinoma cell senescence‐associated phenotypes via the modulation of p‐ERK/cyclin D1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onsurang Wattanathamsan
- Inter-Department Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paninee Chetprayoon
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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29
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Hou CP, Tsui KH, Chang KS, Sung HC, Hsu SY, Lin YH, Yang PS, Chen CL, Feng TH, Juang HH. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits the growth of bladder carcinoma cells by upregulating growth differentiation factor 15. Biomed J 2021; 45:763-775. [PMID: 34662721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component of propolis, has beneficial effects on cancer prevention. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an antitumor gene of bladder cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of CAPE on bladder carcinoma cells and related mechanisms. METHODS The expressions of GDF15, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), and maspin, and the activations of ERK, JNK, p38, and AMPKα1/2 in human bladder cells after gene transfection or knockdown were determined by immunoblot, RT-qPCR, and reporter assays. The assays of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), CyQUANT cell proliferation, and Matrigel invasion, and the xenograft animal study were used to assess the cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. RESULTS GDF15 expression in epithelial cells was negatively correlated with neoplasia in vitro. Also, GDF15 exhibits in bladder fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. CAPE-induced expressions of NDRG1 and maspin decreased cell proliferation and invasion of bladder carcinoma cells in a GDF15-dependent manner in vitro. The xenograft animal study suggesting CAPE attenuated tumor growth in vivo. CAPE increased phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and AMPKα1/2 to modulate the GDF15 expressions. Pretreatments with ERK, JNK, or p38 inhibitors partially inhibited the CAPE effects on the inductions of GDF15, NDRG1, or maspin. Knockdown of AMPKα1/2 attenuated the CAPE-induced GDF15 expression and cell proliferation in bladder carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CAPE is a promising agent for anti-tumor growth in human bladder carcinoma cells via the upregulation of GDF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pang Hou
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kindey, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Yang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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30
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Fiard G, Stavrinides V, Chambers ES, Heavey S, Freeman A, Ball R, Akbar AN, Emberton M. Cellular senescence as a possible link between prostate diseases of the ageing male. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:597-610. [PMID: 34294916 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate with age in all tissues. Although senescent cells undergo cell-cycle arrest, these cells remain metabolically active and their secretome - known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype - is responsible for a systemic pro-inflammatory state, which contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment. Senescent cells can be found in the ageing prostate and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and can be linked to BPH and prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of signalling pathways provide biological plausibility for the role of senescence in both BPH and prostate cancer, although proving causality is difficult. The theory of senescence as a mechanism for prostate disease has a number of clinical implications and could offer opportunities for targeting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Fiard
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France.
| | - Vasilis Stavrinides
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan Heavey
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rhys Ball
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, The Rayne Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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31
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Lin XW, Fan ZZ, Liu YH, Li J, Ma Q, Yan RH. High MEK/ERK signalling is a key regulator of diapause maintenance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:508-518. [PMID: 34086372 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MEK/ERK signalling has been identified as a key factor that terminates diapause in Sarcophaga crassipalpis and Bombyx mori. Paradoxically, high p-MEK/p-ERK signalling induces diapause in pupae of the moth Helicoverpa armigera; however, the regulatory mechanism is unknown. In the present study, we show that p-MEK and p-ERK are elevated in the brain of diapause-destined pupae and suppression of MEK/ERK activity terminates diapause progress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate MEK/ERK signalling, causing large-scale phosphorylation of downstream proteins. The levels of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins are also significantly reduced when ROS or p-ERK level decreased. Moreover, terminated diapause progress by 20-hydroxyecdysone injection significantly decreases p-MEK, p-ERK and phospho-ribosomal S6 kinase levels, while phospho-MAPK substrates and ubiquitin-conjugated protein levels increase. Our data demonstrate that high MEK/ERK signalling mediated by ROS promotes diapause maintenance via increasing phosphorylation and degradation of downstream substrates. The results of this study may provide important information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms during insect diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Z Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Q Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - R H Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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32
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ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102509. [PMID: 34685488 PMCID: PMC8533760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.
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Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Santarelli R, Pompili C, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. Lovastatin reduces PEL cell survival by phosphorylating ERK1/2 that blocks the autophagic flux and engages a cross-talk with p53 to activate p21. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:968-977. [PMID: 33987937 PMCID: PMC8361952 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway that besides being cholesterol lowering agents, display anti‐cancer properties. This is because cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes but also because the mevalonate pathway controls protein farnesylation and geranylation, processes essential for the activity of GTPase family proteins. In this study, we found that Lovastatin exerted a dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxic effect against PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma strictly associated with the gammaherpesvirus KSHV and characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapies. At molecular level, Lovastatin by dephosphorylating STAT3, induced ERK1/2 activation that inhibited autophagy and phosphorylated p53ser15 that in turn maintained ERK1/2 activated and up‐regulated p21. However, p21 played a pro‐survival role in this setting, as its inhibition by UC2288 further reduced cell survival in PEL cells undergoing Lovastatin treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lovastatin may represent a valid therapeutic alternative against PEL cells, especially if used in combination with p21 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Chen Y, Zhang R. Long non-coding RNA AL139002.1 promotes gastric cancer development by sponging microRNA-490-3p to regulate Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 expression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1927-1938. [PMID: 34002670 PMCID: PMC8806325 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1922329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that lncRNA regulates many important diseases. However, the biological role of most lncRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In this paper, we determined differential expression of lncRNAs and predicted ceRNA networks in the GC database by bioinformatics analysis and validated in GC cells. The effect of lncRNA AL139002.1 on GC cells biological function was assessed by flow cytometry, CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell, western blot, and qRT-PCR. And the relationship of lncRNA AL139002.1 or HAVCR1 with miR-490-3p was verified by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that lncRNA AL139002.1 was highly expressed in GC cells and lncRNA AL139002.1 knockdown induced apoptosis, while suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Functional examining indicated that lncRNA AL139002.1 regulated HAVCR1 expression by competitively binding miR-490-3p. In addition, lncRNA AL139002.1/miR-490-3p/HAVCR1 regulated EMT and metastasis through MEK/ERK signaling. In conclusion, lncRNA AL139002.1 was highly expressed in GC cells, and lncRNA AL139002.1/miR-490-3p/HAVCR1 functioned critically in GC by regulating MEK/ERK signaling. Our findings demonstrated that lncRNA AL139002.1 served as a potential therapeutic and anti-metastatic biotarget for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renchao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Mishra S, Charan M, Verma AK, Ramaswamy B, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. Racially Disparate Expression of mTOR/ERK-1/2 Allied Proteins in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:601929. [PMID: 33996789 PMCID: PMC8120233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.601929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that ethnic differences in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK-1/2) signaling pathways might be associated with the development and progression of different human malignancies. The African American (AA) population has an increased rate of cancer incidence and mortality compared to the Caucasian American (CA) population. Although the socioeconomic differences across different ethnic groups contribute to the disparity in developing different cancers, recent scientific evidence indicates the association of molecular and genetic variations in racial disparities of different human malignancies. The mTOR and ERK-1/2 signaling pathways are one of the well-known oncogenic signaling mechanisms that regulate diverse molecular and phenotypic aspects of normal as well as cancer cells in response to different external or internal stimuli. To date, very few studies have been carried out to explore the significance of racial disparity with abnormal mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways, which may contribute to the development of aggressive human cancers. In this review, we discuss the differential regulation of mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways across different ethnic groups, especially between AA and CA populations. Notably, we observed that key signaling proteins associated with mTOR and ERK-1/2 pathway including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Akt, and VEGFR showed racially disparate expression in cancer patients. Overall, this review article encompasses the significance of racially disparate signaling molecules related to mTOR/ERK1/2 and their potential in developing tailor-made anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ajeet Kumar Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives. Biochem J 2021; 477:3649-3672. [PMID: 33017470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
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Zhao L, Zhou R, Wang Q, Cheng Y, Gao M, Huang C. MicroRNA-320c inhibits articular chondrocytes proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:402-410. [PMID: 33506649 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the interaction of microRNA-320c (miR-320c) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and to investigate the effects of miR-320c on articular chondroctye proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS Lentiviral expression vectors were constructed and dual luciferase assays containing MAPK1 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) were performed. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was utilized to modulate MAPK1 expression. The messenger RNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry were conducted to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of Human Chondrocyte-articular (HC-a) cells. Besides that, the influences of miR-320c and MAPK1 on MAPK pathway activation were also evaluated. RESULTS Our data identified MAPK1 as a direct target gene of miR-320c, and miR-320c can negatively regulate MAPK1 expression by directly binding to MAPK1 3'-UTR in HC-a cells. Further functional study displayed that miR-320c overexpression and MAPK1 shRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of HC-a cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, MAPK1 shRNA could attenuate miR-320c inhibitor promotive effects on HC-a cell proliferation and reverse its inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis. MAPK1 overexpression could rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-320c on HC-a cell proliferation, and weaken the accelerating effect of miR-320c on cell apoptosis. However, neither miR-320c or MAPK1 shRNA regulate the expression of c-JUN, JNK and c-Fos. CONCLUSION miR-320c inhibits articular chondrocyte proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting MAPK1, suggesting that miR-320c perhaps participates in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and acts as a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjing Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cibo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hu HT, Wang Z, Kim MJ, Jiang LS, Xu SJ, Jung J, Lee E, Park JH, Bakheet N, Yoon SH, Kim KY, Song HY, Chang S. The Establishment of a Fast and Safe Orthotopic Colon Cancer Model Using a Tissue Adhesive Technique. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:733-743. [PMID: 33321564 PMCID: PMC8291175 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method. Materials and Methods RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method). For the group A, we fixed the tissue on the serosa layer of proximal colon by 8-0 surgical suture. For the group B, tissue adhesive (10 μL) was used to fix the tumor. The mortality, tumor implantation success, tumor metastasis, primary tumor size, and operation time were compared between the two groups. Dissected tumor tissue was analyzed for the histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, we performed tumor marker analysis. Results We observed 30% increase in graft success and 20% decrease in mortality, by using tissue adhesive method, respectively. The median colon tumor size was significantly increased by 4 mm and operation time was shortened by 6.5 minutes. The H&E showed similar tumor structure between the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, and Ki-67 showed comparable intensities in both groups. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription analysis showed eight out of nine tumor markers are unchanged in the tissue adhesive group. Western blot indicated the tissue adhesive group expressed less p-JNK (apototic marker) and more p-MEK/p-p38 (proliferation marker) levels. Conclusion We concluded the tissue adhesive method is a quick and safe way to generate orthotopic, colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lu-Shang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nader Bakheet
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Liver Unit, Kasr Al-Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun Yung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kozlova NI, Morozevich GE, Gevorkian NM, Berman AE. Implication of integrins α3β1 and α5β1 in invasion and anoikis of SK-Mel-147 human melanoma cells: non-canonical functions of protein kinase Akt. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24345-24356. [PMID: 33260159 PMCID: PMC7762463 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of integrins α3β1 and α5β1 strongly decreased cell colony formation and in vitro invasion and markedly enhanced anoikis in SK-Mel-147 human melanoma cells. These modifications were accompanied by a marked increase in the levels of active Akt protein kinase, which indicated it played a non-canonical function in the melanoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt1, an Akt isozyme, in cells depleted of α3β1 or α5β1 restored their invasive activity, while inhibition of the Akt 2 isoform did not cause a visible effect. Similar to our previous results with the α2β1 integrin, this finding suggested that in signaling pathways initiated by α3β1 and α5β1, the Akt1 isoform performs a non-canonical function in regulating invasive phenotype of melanoma cells. In contrast, when the effects of Akt inhibitors on anoikis of the melanoma cells were compared, the Akt2 isoform demonstrated a non-canonical activity in which Akt2 suppression led to a significant attenuation of apoptosis in cells with downregulated α3β1 or α5β1. Our results were the first evidence that, in the same tumor cells, different integrins can control various manifestations of tumor progression through distinct signaling pathways that are both common to various integrins and specific to a particular receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina M. Gevorkian
- VN Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Albert E. Berman
- VN Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Huxham J, Tabariès S, Siegel PM. Afadin (AF6) in cancer progression: A multidomain scaffold protein with complex and contradictory roles. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000221. [PMID: 33165933 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adherens (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) maintain cell-cell adhesions and cellular polarity in normal tissues. Afadin, a multi-domain scaffold protein, is commonly found in both adherens and tight junctions, where it plays both structural and signal-modulating roles. Afadin is a complex modulator of cellular processes implicated in cancer progression, including signal transduction, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In keeping with the complexities associated with the roles of adherens and tight junctions in cancer, afadin exhibits both tumor suppressive and pro-metastatic functions. In this review, we will explore the dichotomous roles that afadin plays during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huxham
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Fahs A, Ramadan F, Ghamloush F, Ayoub AJ, Ahmad FA, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Zhao J, Zhu R, Hussein N, Saab R, Ghayad SE. Effects of the Oncoprotein PAX3-FOXO1 on Modulation of Exosomes Function and Protein Content: Implications on Oxidative Stress Protection and Enhanced Plasticity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1784. [PMID: 33117671 PMCID: PMC7560303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma classified into two major histologic subtypes: embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS). ARMS subtype is clinically more aggressive, and characterized by an oncogenic fusion protein PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F) that drives oncogenic cellular properties. To understand the role of the fusion oncoprotein in paracrine signaling, we focused on secreted exosomes, which have been demonstrated to contribute to metastasis in multiple tumor types. Advanced Proteomics-bioinformatics analysis of the protein cargo of exosomes isolated from C2C12 myoblasts transduced with P3F fusion gene revealed 52 deregulated proteins compared to control cells, with 26 enriched and 26 depleted proteins. Using both PANTHER gene classification and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, we found that the main biological processes in which the 52 deregulated proteins are involved, include “catalytic activity,” “binding,” “metabolic process,” and “cellular process.” The pathways engaging the 26 enriched proteins include the “14-3-3 mediated signaling,” “cell cycle,” and “ERK5, VEGF, IGF1,and p70S6K signaling.” Furthermore, the main nodes in which deregulated exosome proteins and miRNAs intersected revealed pathways conferring protection from stress and promoting plasticity. Based on the bioinformatics analysis and the altered exosome proteome profile, we performed biochemical functional analysis to study the diverse properties of these exosomes where angiogenesis, stemness, and anti-oxidative stress properties were validated using different platforms. P3F-modulated exosomes activated ERK, 4-EBP1, and MMP-2 in recipient cells, and enhanced angiogenesis and stemness. In addition, P3F led to lower cellular reactive oxygen species levels and enhanced resistance against oxidative stress; and treatment of stromal cells with P3F-modulated exosomes also conferred protection against exogenous oxidative stress. Our findings highlight the role of P3F fusion protein in modulating exosome cargo to confer a protective effect on recipient cells against oxidative stress and to promote plasticity and survival, potentially contributing to the known aggressive phenotype of the fusion gene-positive subtype of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assil Fahs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Ramadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abeer J Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Ali Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nader Hussein
- Cancer Biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra E Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shi W, Wang D, Yuan X, Liu Y, Guo X, Li J, Song J. Glucocorticoid receptor-IRS-1 axis controls EMT and the metastasis of breast cancers. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1042-1055. [PMID: 30726932 PMCID: PMC6934157 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes that are important for various biological functions, including tumor growth and metastatic progression. However, the cellular and biological effects of GR remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of GR and its underlying mechanism in mediating breast cancer cell survival and metastasis. We observed that the GR levels were increased in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and in metastatic breast cancer samples. GR promoted tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis in vivo. The GR expression levels were negatively correlated with the survival rates of breast cancer patients. Both ectopic expression and knockdown of GR revealed that GR is a strong inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is consistent with its effects on cell survival and metastasis. GR suppressed the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) by acting as an IRS-1 transcriptional repressor. In addition, GR has an opposite effect on the expression levels of IRS-2, indicating that GR is able to differentially regulate the IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression. The cellular and biological effects elicited by GR were consistent with the reduced levels of IRS-1 observed in cancer cells, and GR-mediated IRS-1 suppression activated the ERK2 MAP kinase pathway, which is required for GR-mediated EMT. Taken together, our results indicate that GR–IRS-1 signaling axis plays an essential role in regulating the survival, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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45
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Kang-ai Injection (康艾注射液) Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells Proliferation through IL-6/STAT3 Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:524-530. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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ERK signalling: a master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:607-632. [PMID: 32576977 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely channelled by the small RAS GTPases. By phosphorylating widely diverse substrates, ERK proteins govern a variety of evolutionarily conserved cellular processes in metazoans, the dysregulation of which contributes to the cause of distinct human diseases. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2, their mode of action and their impact on the development and homeostasis of various organisms have been the focus of much attention for nearly three decades. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of this important class of kinases. We begin with a brief overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of ERK1 and ERK2. We then systematically discuss how ERK signalling regulates six fundamental cellular processes in response to extracellular cues. These processes are cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell metabolism, cell migration and cell differentiation.
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47
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Lang SJ, Schmiech M, Hafner S, Paetz C, Werner K, El Gaafary M, Schmidt CQ, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Chrysosplenol d, a Flavonol from Artemisia annua, Induces ERK1/2-Mediated Apoptosis in Triple Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114090. [PMID: 32521698 PMCID: PMC7312517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative human breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Besides the better-known artemisinin, Artemisia annua L. contains numerous active compounds not well-studied yet. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-MS) was used for the analysis of the most abundant compounds of an Artemisia annua extract exhibiting toxicity to MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. Artemisinin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, arteannuic acid were not toxic to any of the cancer cell lines tested. The flavonols chrysosplenol d and casticin selectively inhibited the viability of the TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, CAL-51, CAL-148, as well as MCF7, A549, MIA PaCa-2, and PC-3. PC-3 prostate cancer cells exhibiting high basal protein kinase B (AKT) and no ERK1/2 activation were relatively resistant, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells with high basal ERK1/2 and low AKT activity were more sensitive to chrysosplenol d treatment. In vivo, chrysosplenol d and casticin inhibited MDA-MB-231 tumor growth on chick chorioallantoic membranes. Both compounds induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis. Chrysosplenol d activated ERK1/2, but not other kinases tested, increased cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. Lysosomal aberrations and toxicity could be antagonized by ERK1/2 inhibition. The Artemisia annua flavonols chrysosplenol d and casticin merit exploration as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J. Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Michael Schmiech
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Katharina Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Menna El Gaafary
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Christoph Q. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.J.L.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (K.W.); (M.E.G.); (C.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65604 (T.S.); +49-731-500-65600 (T.S.)
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Looking for immortality: Review of phytotherapy for stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:154-166. [PMID: 32405357 PMCID: PMC7211350 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.40223.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discussed natural agents with protective effects against stem cell senescence. Different complications have been observed due to stem cell senescence and the most important of them is "Aging". Senescent cells have not normal function and their secretary inflammatory factors induce chronic inflammation in body which causes different pathologies. Stem cell senescence also has been investigated in different diseases or as drug adverse effects. We searched databases such as Embase, Pubmed and Web of Science with keywords "stem cell", "progenitor cell", "satellite", "senescence" and excluded keywords "cancer", "tumor", "malignancy" and "carcinoma" without time limitation until May 2019. Among them we chose 52 articles that have investigated protective effects of natural agents (extracts or molecules) against cellular senescence in different kind of adult stem cells. Most of these studies were in endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and few were about other kinds of stem cells. Most studied agents were resveratrol and ginseng which are also commercially available as supplement. Most protective molecular targets were telomerase and anti-oxidant enzymes to preserve genome integrity and reduce senescence-inducing signals. Due to the safe and long history of herbal usage in clinic, phytotherapy can be used for preventing stem cell senescence and their related complication. Resveratrol and ginseng can be the first choice for this aim due to their protective mechanisms in various kinds of stem cells and their long term clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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49
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Tabuchi Y, Maekawa K, Torigoe M, Furusawa Y, Hirano T, Minagawa S, Yunoki T, Hayashi A. HIKESHI silencing can enhance mild hyperthermia sensitivity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC‑3 cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:58-66. [PMID: 32377716 PMCID: PMC7255474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) is considered to be of value as a treatment modality in various cancers. However, the acquisition of thermotolerance in cancer cells due to the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) makes HT less effective. Recent findings have indicated that heat shock protein nuclear import factor hikeshi (HIKESHI), also referred to as C11orf73, acts as a nuclear import carrier of Hsp70 under heat stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether knockdown (KD) of HIKESHI by small interfering RNA (siRNA) can potentiate mild HT (MHT) sensitivity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) HSC‑3 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of HIKESHI was found to be markedly suppressed in HSC‑3 cells treated with siRNA for HIKESHI (siHIKE). Silencing HIKESHI significantly decreased the cell viability under MHT conditions (42˚C for 90 min). Immunocytochemical and western blot analyses clearly demonstrated that Hsp70 protein translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under MHT conditions, and this translocation was significantly inhibited in cells treated with siHIKE. Treatment of the cells with MHT transiently increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation was sustained in HIKESHI‑KD cells under MHT conditions, and this sustained phosphorylation was abolished by pretreatment with U0126, an inhibitor of mitogen‑activated protein kinase/ERK. In addition, U0126 significantly decreased the viability of cells treated with the combination of HIKESHI‑KD and MHT. The data of the present study suggest that HIKESHI silencing enhanced the sensitivity of human OSCC HSC‑3 cells to MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Keita Maekawa
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Misako Torigoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939‑0398, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Satsuki Minagawa
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yunoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑0194, Japan
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50
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Zhang X, Chen L, Dang WQ, Cao MF, Xiao JF, Lv SQ, Jiang WJ, Yao XH, Lu HM, Miao JY, Wang Y, Yu SC, Ping YF, Liu XD, Cui YH, Zhang X, Bian XW. CCL8 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes invasion and stemness of glioblastoma cells via ERK1/2 signaling. J Transl Med 2020; 100:619-629. [PMID: 31748682 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a large population of glioblastoma and facilitate tumor growth and invasion of tumor cells, but the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) is highly expressed by TAMs and contributes to pseudopodia formation by GBM cells. The presence of CCL8 in the glioma microenvironment promotes progression of tumor cells. Moreover, CCL8 induces invasion and stem-like traits of GBM cells, and CCR1 and CCR5 are the main receptors that mediate CCL8-induced biological behavior. Finally, CCL8 dramatically activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GBM cells, and blocking TAM-secreted CCL8 by neutralized antibody significantly decreases invasion of glioma cells. Taken together, our data reveal that CCL8 is a TAM-associated factor to mediate invasion and stemness of GBM, and targeting CCL8 may provide an insight strategy for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei-Qi Dang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mian-Fu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fang Xiao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Miao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin-Dong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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