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He B, Bie Q, Zhao R, Yan Y, Dong G, Zhang B, Wang S, Xu W, Tian D, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Xiong H, Zhang B. Arachidonic acid released by PIK3CA mutant tumor cells triggers malignant transformation of colonic epithelium by inducing chromatin remodeling. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101510. [PMID: 38614093 PMCID: PMC11148513 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Key gene mutations are essential for colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, how the mutated tumor cells impact the surrounding normal cells to promote tumor progression has not been well defined. Here, we report that PIK3CA mutant tumor cells transmit oncogenic signals and result in malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via paracrine exosomal arachidonic acid (AA)-induced H3K4 trimethylation. Mechanistically, PIK3CA mutations sustain SGK3-FBW7-mediated stability of the cPLA2 protein, leading to the synthetic increase in AA, which is transported through exosome and accumulated in IECs. Transferred AA directly binds Menin and strengthens the interactions of Menin and MLL1/2 methyltransferase. Finally, the combination of VTP50469, an inhibitor of the Menin-MLL interaction, and alpelisib synergistically represses PDX tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations. Together, these findings unveil the metabolic link between PIK3CA mutant tumor cells and the IECs, highlighting AA as the potential target for the treatment of patients with CRC harboring PIK3CA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Rou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Yugang Yan
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Dongxing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Yujun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China.
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Xu X, Bok I, Jasani N, Wang K, Chadourne M, Mecozzi N, Deng O, Welsh EA, Kinose F, Rix U, Karreth FA. PTEN Lipid Phosphatase Activity Suppresses Melanoma Formation by Opposing an AKT/mTOR/FRA1 Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:388-404. [PMID: 38193852 PMCID: PMC10842853 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in PTEN are prevalent in melanoma and are thought to support tumor development by hyperactivating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Conversely, activating mutations in AKT are relatively rare in melanoma, and therapies targeting AKT or mTOR have shown disappointing outcomes in preclinical models and clinical trials of melanoma. This has led to the speculation that PTEN suppresses melanoma by opposing AKT-independent pathways, potentially through noncanonical functions beyond its lipid phosphatase activity. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of PTEN-mediated suppression of melanoma formation through the restoration of various PTEN functions in PTEN-deficient cells or mouse models. PTEN lipid phosphatase activity predominantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth, with minimal contribution from its protein phosphatase and scaffold functions. A drug screen underscored the exquisite dependence of PTEN-deficient melanoma cells on the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, activation of AKT alone was sufficient to counteract several aspects of PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression, particularly invasion and the growth of allograft tumors. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN validated its potent inhibition of AKT and many of its known targets, while also identifying the AP-1 transcription factor FRA1 as a downstream effector. The restoration of PTEN dampened FRA1 translation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling, and FRA1 overexpression negated aspects of PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression akin to AKT. This study supports AKT as the key mediator of PTEN inactivation in melanoma and identifies an AKT/mTOR/FRA1 axis as a driver of melanomagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE PTEN suppresses melanoma predominantly through its lipid phosphatase function, which when lost, elevates FRA1 levels through AKT/mTOR signaling to promote several aspects of melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Manon Chadourne
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nicol Mecozzi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ou Deng
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A. Welsh
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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3
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Zhou W, Huang J, Huang C, Wang G, Tu X. Disruption of Autophagic Flux and Treatment with the PDPK1 Inhibitor GSK2334470 Synergistically Inhibit Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. J Cancer 2024; 15:1429-1441. [PMID: 38356720 PMCID: PMC10861819 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently exhibits activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mutations. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDPK1 or PDK1) has been established to play a pivotal role in modulating PI3K pathway signaling. mTOR is the main autophagy-initiating factor. However, limited advances have been made in understanding the relationship between PDPK1 and autophagy in RCC. Methods: GSK2334470 (GSK470), a novel and highly specific inhibitor of PDPK1, was selected to investigate the anticancer effects in two RCC cell lines. Cell growth was assessed by CCK-8 test and colony formation. Changes in the protein levels of key Akt/mTOR pathway components and apoptosis markers were assessed by Western blotting. Autophagy was assessed by using LC3B expression, transmission electron microscopy, and a tandem mRFP-EGFP-LC3 construct. The effect of PDPK1 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in RCC in vivo was examined in a mouse tumor-bearing model. Results: GSK470 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in A498 and 786-O RCC cells. GSK470 downregulates the phosphorylation of PDPK1, thereby inhibiting downstream phosphorylation of Akt1 at Thr308 and Ser473 and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) partially restored GSK470-induced behaviors/activities. Interestingly, treatment of A498 and 786-O cells with GSK470 or siPDPK1 induced significant increases in the hallmarks of autophagy, including autophagosome accumulation, autophagic flux, and LC3B expression. Importantly, GSK470 and chloroquine synergistically inhibited the growth of RCC cells in vitro and in xenograft models, supporting the protective role of autophagy activation upon blockade of the PDPK1-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study provides new insight into PDPK1 inhibition combined with autophagy inhibition as a useful treatment strategy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Chuansheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Xinhua Tu
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
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De SK. New 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-phenylisoquinoline-1(2 H)-ones as Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Inhibitors for Treating Cancer and Other Diseases. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:253-255. [PMID: 36852816 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230228153103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The patent describes novel useful compounds, such as PI3K protein kinase inhibitors, in particular as PI3K delta (δ) and/or gamma (γ) protein kinase modulators. The present disclosure also provides methods for preparing PI3K protein kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of treatment, prevention, and amelioration of PI3K kinase-mediated diseases, and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya K De
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Conju-Probe, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600126, India
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5
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Zheng N, Wei J, Wu D, Xu Y, Guo J. Master kinase PDK1 in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188971. [PMID: 37640147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is considered as master kinase regulating AGC kinase family members such as AKT, SGK, PLK, S6K and RSK. Although autophosphorylation regulates PDK1 activity, accumulating evidence suggests that PDK1 is manipulated by many other mechanisms, including S6K-mediated phosphorylation, and the E3 ligase SPOP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dysregulation of these upstream regulators or downstream signals involves in cancer development, as PDK1 regulating cell growth, metastasis, invasion, apoptosis and survival time. Meanwhile, overexpression of PDK1 is also exposed in a plethora of cancers, whereas inhibition of PDK1 reduces cell size and inhibits tumor growth and progression. More importantly, PDK1 also modulates the tumor microenvironments and markedly influences tumor immunotherapies. In summary, we comprehensively summarize the downstream signals, upstream regulators, mouse models, inhibitors, tumor microenvironment and clinical treatments for PDK1, and highlight PDK1 as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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Wang G, Luo Y, Gao X, Liang Y, Yang F, Wu J, Fang D, Luo M. MicroRNA regulation of phenotypic transformations in vascular smooth muscle: relevance to vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:144. [PMID: 37165163 PMCID: PMC11071847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length) that function as regulators in various physiological and pathophysiological events. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant miRNAs' expression might underlie VSMC phenotypic transformation, appearing to regulate the phenotypic transformations of VSMCs by targeting specific genes that either participate in the maintenance of the contractile phenotype or contribute to the transformation to alternate phenotypes, and affecting atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease by altering VSMC proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, calcification, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, suggesting an important regulatory role in vascular remodeling for maintaining vascular homeostasis. This review outlines recent progress in the discovery of miRNAs and elucidation of their mechanisms of action and functions in VSMC phenotypic regulation. Importantly, as the literature supports roles for miRNAs in modulating vascular remodeling and for maintaining vascular homeostasis, this area of research will likely provide new insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis and ultimately facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Scalia P, Williams SJ, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Giordano A. Cell cycle control by the insulin-like growth factor signal: at the crossroad between cell growth and mitotic regulation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1-37. [PMID: 36005738 PMCID: PMC9769454 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In proliferating cells and tissues a number of checkpoints (G1/S and G2/M) preceding cell division (M-phase) require the signal provided by growth factors present in serum. IGFs (I and II) have been demonstrated to constitute key intrinsic components of the peptidic active fraction of mammalian serum. In vivo genetic ablation studies have shown that the cellular signal triggered by the IGFs through their cellular receptors represents a non-replaceable requirement for cell growth and cell cycle progression. Retroactive and current evaluation of published literature sheds light on the intracellular circuitry activated by these factors providing us with a better picture of the pleiotropic mechanistic actions by which IGFs regulate both cell size and mitogenesis under developmental growth as well as in malignant proliferation. The present work aims to summarize the cumulative knowledge learned from the IGF ligands/receptors and their intracellular signaling transducers towards control of cell size and cell-cycle with particular focus to their actionable circuits in human cancer. Furthermore, we bring novel perspectives on key functional discriminants of the IGF growth-mitogenic pathway allowing re-evaluation on some of its signal components based upon established evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states,CONTACT Pierluigi Scalia ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA9102, USA
| | - Stephen J Williams
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states
| | - Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,School of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Italy
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8
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Shklovskaya E, Pedersen B, Stewart A, Simpson JOG, Ming Z, Irvine M, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Rizos H. Durable Responses to Anti-PD1 and Anti-CTLA4 in a Preclinical Model of Melanoma Displaying Key Immunotherapy Response Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194830. [PMID: 36230753 PMCID: PMC9564179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy has improved the outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma, although many patients will progress while on treatment. Preclinical animal models provide valuable insights into immunotherapy response or resistance and can be used to test novel treatment combinations. The development of animal cancer models rarely involves the systematic analysis and inclusion of predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response. This study describes a biomarker-driven workflow to generate a transplantable mouse melanoma model responsive to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy. This model recapitulates human immunotherapy-responding tumor phenotypes and provides unique insights into the discrete mechanisms underlying the durability of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Abstract Immunotherapy has transformed the management of patients with advanced melanoma, with five-year overall survival rates reaching 52% for combination immunotherapies blocking the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD1) immune axes. Yet, our understanding of local and systemic determinants of immunotherapy response and resistance is restrained by the paucity of preclinical models, particularly those for anti-PD1 monotherapy. We have therefore generated a novel murine model of melanoma by integrating key immunotherapy response biomarkers into the model development workflow. The resulting YUMM3.3UVRc34 (BrafV600E; Cdkn2a–/–) model demonstrated high mutation burden and response to interferon (IFN)γ, including induced expression of antigen-presenting molecule MHC-I and the principal PD1 ligand PD-L1, consistent with phenotypes of human melanoma biopsies from patients subsequently responding to anti-PD1 monotherapy. Syngeneic immunosufficient mice bearing YUMM3.3UVRc34 tumors demonstrated durable responses to anti-PD1, anti-CTLA4, or combined treatment. Immunotherapy responses were associated with early on-treatment changes in the tumor microenvironment and circulating T-cell subsets, and systemic immunological memory underlying protection from tumor recurrence. Local and systemic immunological landscapes associated with immunotherapy response in the YUMM3.3UVRc34 melanoma model recapitulate immunotherapy responses observed in melanoma patients and identify discrete immunological mechanisms underlying the durability of responses to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shklovskaya
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (H.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9850-2790 (E.S.); +61-2-9850-2761 (H.R.)
| | - Bernadette Pedersen
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Stewart
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jack O. G. Simpson
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zizhen Ming
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mal Irvine
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (H.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9850-2790 (E.S.); +61-2-9850-2761 (H.R.)
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9
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Ju SH, Lee SE, Kang YE, Shong M. Development of Metabolic Synthetic Lethality and Its Implications for Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:53-61. [PMID: 35255601 PMCID: PMC8901971 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies targeting genetic alterations are a topic of great interest in the field of thyroid cancer, which frequently harbors mutations in the RAS, RAF, and RET genes. Unfortunately, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitors have relatively low therapeutic efficacy against BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer; in addition, the cancer often acquires drug resistance, which prevents effective treatment. Recent advances in genomics and transcriptomics are leading to a more complete picture of the range of mutations, both driver and messenger, present in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our understanding of cancer suggests that oncogenic mutations drive tumorigenesis and induce rewiring of cancer cell metabolism, which promotes survival of mutated cells. Synthetic lethality (SL) is a method of neutralizing mutated genes that were previously considered untargetable by traditional genotype-targeted treatments. Because these metabolic events are specific to cancer cells, we have the opportunity to develop new therapies that target tumor cells specifically without affecting healthy tissue. Here, we describe developments in metabolism-based cancer therapy, focusing on the concept of metabolic SL in thyroid cancer. Finally, we discuss the essential implications of metabolic reprogramming and its role in the future direction of SL for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeon Ju
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
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10
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Li Y, Wei T, Fan Y, Shan T, Sun J, Chen B, Wang Z, Gu L, Yang T, Liu L, Du C, Ma Y, Wang H, Sun R, Wei Y, Chen F, Guo X, Kong X, Wang L. Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 3 Facilitates Myocardial Repair After Cardiac Injury Possibly Through the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β/β-Catenin Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022802. [PMID: 34726469 PMCID: PMC8751936 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The neonatal heart maintains its entire regeneration capacity within days after birth. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics technology, we identified that SGK3 (serine/threonine-protein kinase 3) in the neonatal heart is highly expressed and activated after myocardial infarction. This study aimed to uncover the function and related mechanisms of SGK3 on cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods and Results The effect of SGK3 on proliferation and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation- induced apoptosis in isolated cardiomyocytes was evaluated using cardiomyocyte-specific SGK3 overexpression or knockdown adenovirus5 vector. In vivo, gain- and loss-of-function experiments using cardiomyocyte-specific adeno-associated virus 9 were performed to determine the effect of SGK3 in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury. In vitro, overexpression of SGK3 enhanced, whereas knockdown of SGK3 decreased, the cardiomyocyte proliferation ratio. In vivo, inhibiting the expression of SGK3 shortened the time window of cardiac regeneration after apical resection in neonatal mice, and overexpression of SGK3 significantly promoted myocardial repair and cardiac function recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult mice. Mechanistically, SGK3 promoted cardiomyocyte regeneration and myocardial repair after cardiac injury by inhibiting GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) activity and upregulating β-catenin expression. SGK3 also upregulated the expression of cell cycle promoting genes G1/S-specific cyclin-D1, c-myc (cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene), and cdc20 (cell division cycle 20), but downregulated the expression of cell cycle negative regulators cyclin kinase inhibitor P 21 and cyclin kinase inhibitor P 27. Conclusions Our study reveals a key role of SGK3 on cardiac repair after apical resection or ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may reopen a novel therapeutic option for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Fei Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian‐Wen Wei
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineZhongda HospitalSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian‐Kai Shan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia‐Teng Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bing‐Rui Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zi‐Mu Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling‐Feng Gu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong‐Tong Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chong Du
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong‐Yue Wei
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthChina International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human HealthNanjingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthChina International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human HealthNanjingChina
| | - Xue‐Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang‐Qing Kong
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lian‐Sheng Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Zhao Y, Dong Y, Sun Y, Cheng C. AutoEncoder-Based Computational Framework for Tumor Microenvironment Decomposition and Biomarker Identification in Metastatic Melanoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:665065. [PMID: 34122516 PMCID: PMC8191580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.665065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancer types whose prognosis is determined by both the tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features as well as their interactions. In this study, we performed systematic and unbiased analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma RNA-seq data and identified two gene signatures that captured the intrinsic and extrinsic features, respectively. Specifically, we selected genes that best reflected the expression signals from tumor cells and immune infiltrate cells. Then, we applied an AutoEncoder-based method to decompose the expression of these genes into a small number of representative nodes. Many of these nodes were found to be significantly associated with patient prognosis. From them, we selected two most prognostic nodes and defined a tumor-intrinsic (TI) signature and a tumor-extrinsic (TE) signature. Pathway analysis confirmed that the TE signature recapitulated cytotoxic immune cell related pathways while the TI signature reflected MYC pathway activity. We leveraged these two signatures to investigate six independent melanoma microarray datasets and found that they were able to predict the prognosis of patients under standard care. Furthermore, we showed that the TE signature was also positively associated with patients' response to immunotherapies, including tumor vaccine therapy and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. This study developed a novel computational framework to capture the tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic features and identified robust prognostic and predictive biomarkers in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanding Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yadong Dong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yongqi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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12
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ARNT deficiency represses pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 to trigger ROS production and melanoma metastasis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33446631 PMCID: PMC7809415 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes in melanoma cells that are required for tumor metastasis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the increase in glucose uptake and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation confers metastatic ability as a result of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) deficiency. In clinical tissue specimens, increased ARNT, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) was observed in benign nevi, whereas lower expression was observed in melanoma. The depletion of ARNT dramatically repressed PDK1 and NQO1 expression, which resulted in an increase of ROS levels. The elimination of ROS using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and rotenone inhibited the ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced cell migration and invasion. In addition, ARNT deficiency in tumor cells manipulated the glycolytic pathway through enhancement of the glucose uptake rate, which reduced glucose dependence. Intriguingly, CCCP and NAC dramatically inhibited ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced tumor cell extravasation in mouse models. Our work demonstrates that downregulation of ARNT and PDK1 expression serves as a prognosticator, which confers metastatic potential as the metastasizing cells depend on metabolic changes.
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13
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Béal J, Pantolini L, Noël V, Barillot E, Calzone L. Personalized logical models to investigate cancer response to BRAF treatments in melanomas and colorectal cancers. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1007900. [PMID: 33507915 PMCID: PMC7872233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of response to cancer treatments has benefited greatly from the contribution of different omics data but their interpretation is sometimes difficult. Some mathematical models based on prior biological knowledge of signaling pathways facilitate this interpretation but often require fitting of their parameters using perturbation data. We propose a more qualitative mechanistic approach, based on logical formalism and on the sole mapping and interpretation of omics data, and able to recover differences in sensitivity to gene inhibition without model training. This approach is showcased by the study of BRAF inhibition in patients with melanomas and colorectal cancers who experience significant differences in sensitivity despite similar omics profiles. We first gather information from literature and build a logical model summarizing the regulatory network of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway surrounding BRAF, with factors involved in the BRAF inhibition resistance mechanisms. The relevance of this model is verified by automatically assessing that it qualitatively reproduces response or resistance behaviors identified in the literature. Data from over 100 melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines are then used to validate the model's ability to explain differences in sensitivity. This generic model is transformed into personalized cell line-specific logical models by integrating the omics information of the cell lines as constraints of the model. The use of mutations alone allows personalized models to correlate significantly with experimental sensitivities to BRAF inhibition, both from drug and CRISPR targeting, and even better with the joint use of mutations and RNA, supporting multi-omics mechanistic models. A comparison of these untrained models with learning approaches highlights similarities in interpretation and complementarity depending on the size of the datasets. This parsimonious pipeline, which can easily be extended to other biological questions, makes it possible to explore the mechanistic causes of the response to treatment, on an individualized basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Béal
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Pantolini
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Noël
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
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14
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Nalairndran G, Hassan Abdul Razack A, Mai C, Fei‐Lei Chung F, Chan K, Hii L, Lim W, Chung I, Leong C. Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase-1 (PDPK1) regulates serum/glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) for prostate cancer cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12188-12198. [PMID: 32926495 PMCID: PMC7578863 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer among men globally. Using a kinome-wide lentiviral small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen, we identified phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1) as a potential mediator of cell survival in PCa cells. We showed that knock-down of endogenous human PDPK1 induced significant tumour-specific cell death in PCa cells (DU145 and PC3) but not in the normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Further analyses revealed that PDPK1 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3). Knock-down of endogenous PDPK1 in DU145 and PC3 cells significantly reduced SGK3 phosphorylation while ectopic expression of a constitutively active SGK3 completely abrogated the apoptosis induced by PDPK1. In contrast, no such effect was observed in SGK1 and AKT phosphorylation following PDPK1 knock-down. Importantly, PDPK1 inhibitors (GSK2334470 and BX-795) significantly reduced tumour-specific cell growth and synergized docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that PDPK1 mediates PCa cells' survival through SGK3 signalling and suggest that inactivation of this PDPK1-SGK3 axis may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Nalairndran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Felicia Fei‐Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA)Epigenetics Group (EGE)International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Kok‐Keong Chan
- School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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15
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Yu Q, Luo J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen K, Lin J, Sun S, Lin X. Oxymatrine inhibits the development of non-small cell lung cancer through miR-367-3p upregulation and target gene SGK3 downregulation. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5538-5550. [PMID: 33042436 PMCID: PMC7540135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OM), an important active ingredient extracted from sophora flavescens, has attracted more attention for its anti-tumor effect in recent years, with pronounced effects on the development of multiple tumors, acting as a potential effective low toxic drug in clinical tumor treatment. In this study, CCK-8 and transwell experiments were applied to detect cell proliferation and migration. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to test the expression of miR-367-3p and serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 3 (SGK3). The function of oxymatrine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression was also confirmed in vivo. Then, CCK-8 and transwell assays revealed that oxymatrine could repress NSCLC cell migration and proliferation. qRT-PCR showed the striking promotion roles of oxymatrine in cancer suppressor gene miR-367-3p expression. The results of further dual luciferase reporter gene experiment demonstrated that SGK3 was a target gene of miR-367-3p and under the regulation of oxymatrine. The rescue experiments indicated that OM functioned via miR-367-3p, while miR-367-3p exerted its function by action on SGK3. Finally, in vivo studies showed that OM could also inhibit tumor growth. As a result, this study found that OM inhibited the development of NSCLC through reducing the expression of a downstream target gene SGK3 by promoting miR-367-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yu
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiewei Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yangming Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
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16
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Dang Y, Chen J, Feng W, Qiao C, Han W, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Xia L. Interleukin 1β-mediated HOXC10 Overexpression Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Upregulating PDPK1 and VASP. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3833-3848. [PMID: 32206125 PMCID: PMC7069084 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Metastasis and recurrence are the primary reasons for the high mortality rate of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the exact mechanism underlying HCC metastasis remains unclear. The Homeobox (HOX) family proteins, which are a highly conserved transcription factor superfamily, play important roles in cancer metastasis. Here, we report a novel role of HOXC10, one of the most upregulated HOX genes in human HCC tissues, in promoting HCC metastasis. Methods: The expression of HOXC10 and its functional targets was detected by immunohistochemistry in two independent human HCC cohorts. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to measure the transcriptional regulation of target genes by HOXC10. The effect of HOXC10-mediated invasion and metastasis were analyzed by Transwell assays and by an orthotopic metastasis model. Results: Elevated expression of HOXC10 was positively correlated with the loss of tumor encapsulation and with higher tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) stage and poor prognosis in human HCC. Overexpression of HOXC10 promoted HCC metastasis by upregulating metastasis-related genes, including 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Knockdown of PDPK1 and VASP inhibited HOXC10-enhanced HCC metastasis, whereas upregulation of PDPK1 and VASP rescued the decreased metastasis induced by HOXC10 knockdown. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is the ligand of IL-1R1, upregulated HOXC10 expression through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway. HOXC10 knockdown significantly reduced IL-1β-mediated HCC metastasis. Furthermore, Anakinra, a specific antagonist of IL-1R1, inhibited IL-1β-induced HOXC10 upregulation and HCC metastasis. In human HCC tissues, HOXC10 expression was positively correlated with PDPK1, VASP and IL-1R1 expression, and patients with positive coexpression of HOXC10/PDPK1, HOXC10/VASP or IL-1R1/HOXC10 exhibited the poorest prognosis. Conclusions: Upregulated HOXC10 induced by IL-1β promotes HCC metastasis by transactivating PDPK1 and VASP expression. Thus, our study implicates HOXC10 as a prognostic biomarker, and targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic option for the clinical prevention of HCC metastasis.
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17
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Luís R, Brito C, Pojo M. Melanoma Metabolism: Cell Survival and Resistance to Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:203-223. [PMID: 32130701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, presenting the highest potential to form metastases, both locally and distally, which are associated with high death rates of melanoma patients. A high somatic mutation burden is characteristic of these tumours, with most common oncogenic mutations occurring in the BRAF, NRAS and NF1 genes. These intrinsic oncogenic pathways contribute to the metabolic switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation metabolisms of melanoma, facilitating tumour progression and resulting in a high plasticity and adaptability to unfavourable conditions. Moreover, melanoma microenvironment can influence its own metabolism and reprogram several immune cell subset functions, enabling melanoma to evade the immune system. The knowledge of the biology, molecular alterations and microenvironment of melanoma has led to the development of new targeted therapies and the improvement of patient care. In this work, we reviewed the impact of melanoma metabolism in the resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immunotherapies, emphasizing the requirement to evaluate metabolic alterations upon development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we summarized the current understanding of the impact of metabolic processes in melanomagenesis, metastasis and microenvironment, as well as the involvement of metabolic pathways in the immune modulation and resistance to targeted and immunocheckpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luís
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cheila Brito
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Mao ZJ, Weng SY, Lin M, Chai KF. Yunpi Heluo decoction attenuates insulin resistance by regulating liver miR-29a-3p in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:111966. [PMID: 31128151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Yunpiheluo (YPHL) decoction is a Chinese herbal formula with unique advantages for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in miRNA expression and downstream gene expression in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats treated with YPHL to determine whether YPHL could be used as an adjuvant treatment of T2DM. METHODS Serum and liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels, insulin resistance index (IR) and differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in a T2DM ZDF rat model. miRNA target prediction was based on bioinformatic algorithms and dual luciferase reporter assay. Protein expression of genes in the insulin receptor signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. The IR cell model was established and the effects of lyophilized YPHL powder on the protein expressions were observed by transfecting specific miRNA mimics and inhibitors. RESULTS The miR-29a-3p expression level was significantly increased in the liver of ZDF rats. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) was the target gene of miR-29a-3p. IRS1 mRNA and protein expressions of IRS1, IRS1 (phospho S307), protein kinase B (Akt), Akt (phosphor ser473) and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 (PDK1) were decreased significantly. miR-29a-3p over-expression decrease IRS1 and the others protein expressions in the HepG2 IR cell model while anti-miR-29a-3p showed the opposite result. The miR-29a-3p level was decreased, and the expressions of IRS1 mRNA and the above proteins were all increased after YPHL treatment. CONCLUSION miR-29a-3p played a functional role in insulin receptor signaling in the liver of ZDF rats. YPHL decoction attenuated IR in T2DM probably by down-regulating or maintaining the miR-29a-3p level, increasing the expression of IRS1 mRNA and its phosphorylated proteins, and regulating the expression of insulin receptor signaling-related proteins. YPHL may prove to be an alternative treatment for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Mao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Si-Ying Weng
- Endocrinology Department of Ningbo Municipal TCM Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Min Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ke-Fu Chai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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19
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Emmanouilidi A, Fyffe CA, Ferro R, Edling CE, Capone E, Sestito S, Rapposelli S, Lattanzio R, Iacobelli S, Sala G, Maffucci T, Falasca M. Preclinical validation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:191. [PMID: 31088502 PMCID: PMC6518649 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The very aggressive nature and low survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) dictates the necessity to find novel efficacious therapies. Recent evidence suggests that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) are key effectors of oncogenic KRAS in PDAC. Herein, we report the role and mechanism of action of PDK1, a protein kinase of the AGC family, in PDAC. METHODS PDAC cell lines were treated with selective PDK1 inhibitors or transfected with specific PDK1-targeting siRNAs. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the functional role of PDK1 in PDAC. Specifically, anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth was assessed in PDAC cells upon inhibition or downregulation of PDK1. Detailed investigation of the effect of PDK1 inhibition/downregulation on specific signalling pathways was also performed by Western blotting analysis. A xenograft tumour mouse model was used to determine the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 on PDAC cells growth in vivo. RESULTS Treatment with specific inhibitors of PDK1 impaired anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines, as well as pancreatic tumour growth in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, inhibition or downregulation of PDK1 resulted in reduced activation of the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3 and subsequent reduced phosphorylation of its target N-Myc downstream regulated 1. Additionally, we found that combination of sub-optimal concentrations of inhibitors selective for PDK1 and the class IB PI3K isoform p110γ inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and colonies formation more potently than each single treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PDK1 is a suitable target for therapeutic intervention in PDAC and support the clinical development of PDK1 inhibitors for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Emmanouilidi
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Chanse A Fyffe
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ferro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Charlotte E Edling
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Emily Capone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University G. d'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University G. d'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Iacobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University G. d'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,MediaPharma Srl, Via della Colonnetta, 50/A, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University G. d'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. .,Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, E1 2AT, London, UK.
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20
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Cao H, Xu Z, Wang J, Cigliano A, Pilo MG, Ribback S, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Che L, Pascale RM, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Functional role of SGK3 in PI3K/Pten driven liver tumor development. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:343. [PMID: 30975125 PMCID: PMC6458829 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The PI3K cascade is one of the major signaling pathways underlying HCC development and progression. Activating mutations of PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and/or loss of Pten often occur in human HCCs. Serum and glucocorticoid kinase 3 (SGK3) belongs to the SGK family of AGK kinases and functions in parallel to AKT downstream of PI3K. Previous studies have shown that SGK3 may be the major kinase responsible for the oncogenic potential of PIK3CA helical domain mutants, such as PIK3CA(E545K), but not kinase domain mutants, such as PIK3CA(H1047R). Methods We investigated the functional contribution of SGK3 in mediating activated PIK3CA mutant or loss of Pten induced HCC development using Sgk3 knockout mice. Results We found that ablation of Sgk3 does not affect PIK3CA(H1047R) or PIK3CA(E545K) induced lipogenesis in the liver. Using PIK3CA(H1047R)/c-Met, PIK3CA(E545K)/c-Met, and sgPten/c-Met murine HCC models, we also demonstrated that deletion of Sgk3 moderately delays PIK3CA(E545K)/c-Met driven HCC, while not affecting PIK3CA(H1047R)/c-Met or sgPten/c-Met HCC formation in mice. Similarly, in human HCC cell lines, silencing of SGK3 reduced PIK3CA(E545K) -but not PIK3CA(H1047R)- induced accelerated tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion Altogether, our data suggest that SGK3 plays a role in transducing helical domain mutant PIK3CA signaling during liver tumor development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5551-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria G Pilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rosa M Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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21
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Picco ME, Castro MV, Quezada MJ, Barbero G, Villanueva MB, Fernández NB, Kim H, Lopez-Bergami P. STAT3 enhances the constitutive activity of AGC kinases in melanoma by transactivating PDK1. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:3. [PMID: 30622697 PMCID: PMC6317239 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PI3K/Akt and the STAT3 pathways are functionally associated in many tumor types. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that either biochemical or genetic manipulation of the STAT3 pathway activity induce changes in the same direction in Akt activity. However, the implicated mechanism has been poorly characterized. Our goal was to characterize the precise mechanism linking STAT3 with the activity of Akt and other AGC kinases in cancer using melanoma cells as a model. Results We show that active STAT3 is constitutively bound to the PDK1 promoter and positively regulate PDK1 transcription through two STAT3 responsive elements. Transduction of WM9 and UACC903 melanoma cells with STAT3-small hairpin RNA decreased both PDK1 mRNA and protein levels. STAT3 knockdown also induced a decrease of the phosphorylation of AGC kinases Akt, PKC, and SGK. The inhibitory effect of STAT3 silencing on Akt phosphorylation was restored by HA-PDK1. Along this line, HA-PDK1 expression significantly blocked the cell death induced by dacarbazine plus STAT3 knockdown. This effect might be mediated by Bcl2 proteins since HA-PDK1 rescued Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl1 levels that were down-regulated upon STAT3 silencing. Conclusions We show that PDK1 is a transcriptional target of STAT3, linking STAT3 pathway with AGC kinases activity in melanoma. These data provide further rationale for the ongoing effort to therapeutically target STAT3 and PDK1 in melanoma and, possibly, other malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-018-0265-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Picco
- 1Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Castro
- 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, 6th Floor, Lab 602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Quezada
- 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, 6th Floor, Lab 602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gastón Barbero
- 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, 6th Floor, Lab 602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Villanueva
- 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, 6th Floor, Lab 602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Brenda Fernández
- 1Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hyungsoo Kim
- 3Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, Hidalgo 775, 6th Floor, Lab 602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Liu F, Wu X, Jiang X, Qian Y, Gao J. Prolonged inhibition of class I PI3K promotes liver cancer stem cell expansion by augmenting SGK3/GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:122. [PMID: 29940988 PMCID: PMC6020243 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3) has been reported to play an important role in tumour progression, but its role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains obscure. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is considered a hallmark of cancer. Although many PI3K pathway-targeted therapies have been tested in oncology trials, the results are not satisfactory. METHODS We used spheroids cultured in serum-free culture medium and MicroBead isolation to obtain liver CSCs. Spheroid formation assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate liver CSC expansion. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence were used to assess gene expression in cell lines. RESULTS We found that SGK3 is preferentially activated in liver CSCs. Upregulated SGK3 significantly increases the expansion of liver CSCs. Conversely, suppression of SGK3 in human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells had an opposite effect. Mechanistically, SGK3 promoted β-catenin accumulation by suppressing GSK-3β-mediated β-catenin degradation in liver CSCs, and then promoting the expansion of liver CSCs. Prolonged treatment of HCC cells with class I PI3K inhibitors leads to activation of SGK3 and expansion of liver CSCs. Inhibition of hVps34 can block SGK3 activity and suppress liver CSC expansion induced by PI3K inhibitors. More importantly, we also found that prolonged treatment of HCC cells with PI3K inhibitors stimulates the β-catenin signalling pathway via activation of SGK3. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged inhibition of class I PI3K promotes liver CSC expansion by augmenting SGK3-dependent β-catenin stabilisation, and effective inhibition of SGK3 signalling may be useful in eliminating liver CSCs and in PI3K pathway-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanzhi Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Yang C, Huang X, Liu H, Xiao F, Wei J, You L, Qian W. PDK1 inhibitor GSK2334470 exerts antitumor activity in multiple myeloma and forms a novel multitargeted combination with dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitor PP242. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39185-39197. [PMID: 28402933 PMCID: PMC5503605 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the complex pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) continues to lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Prior studies suggest that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is expressed and active, acting as a crucial regulator of molecules that are essential for myelomagenesis. In the present study, we show that GSK2334470 (GSK-470), a novel and highly specific inhibitor of PDK1, induces potent cytotoxicity in MM cell lines including Dexamethasone-resistant cell line, but not in human normal cells. Insulin-like growth factor-1 could not rescue GSK-470-induced cell death. Moreover, GSK-470 down-modulates phosphor-PDK1, thereby inhibiting downstream phosphor-AKT at Thr308 and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. However, GSK-470 could not affect mTORC2 activity and phosphor-AKT at Ser473. RPMI 8226 and OPM-2 cells with low expression of PTEN show relative resistant to GSK-470. Knockout of PTEN by shRNA resulted in a partial reversion of GSK-470-mediated growth inhibition, whereas overexpression of PTEN enhanced myeloma cell sensitivity to GSK-470, suggesting that the sensitivity to GSK-470 is correlated with PTEN expression statue in MM cells. Combining PP242, a dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitor, with GSK-470, had greater antimyeloma activity than either one alone in vitro and in MM xenograft model established in immunodeficient mice. In particular, this combination was able to result in a complete inhibition of mTORC1/C2 and full activity of AKT. Together, these findings raise the possibility that combining PDK1 antagonist GSK-470 with mTORC1/C2 inhibitors may represent a novel strategy against MM including drug-resistant myeloma, regardless of PTEN expression status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yang
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jueying Wei
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
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24
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Li C, Lin C, Cong X, Jiang Y. PDK1-WNK1 signaling is affected by HBx and involved in the viability and metastasis of hepatic cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5940-5946. [PMID: 29563998 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X antigen (HBx) contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HBx has been implicated in the progression of HCC, its precise function in HBV-associated HCC remains unclear. In the present study, HBx affected 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and with-no-lysine (K) kinase (WNK1) signaling, which was identified to be involved in the viability and metastasis of hepatic cells. The phosphorylation of WNK1 was decreased when the hepatic cells were treated with a PDK1 inhibitor. The inhibition of PDK1 activity inhibited the viability and migration of hepatic cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify the activation of PDK1 in HCC tissues, confirmed using western blot analysis. PDK1-WNK1 signaling may be a potential therapeutic target in HBV-associated liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Cong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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25
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Gagliardi PA, Puliafito A, Primo L. PDK1: At the crossroad of cancer signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Targeting PDK1 for Chemosensitization of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100140. [PMID: 29064423 PMCID: PMC5664079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development in the field of oncology, cancer remains the second cause of mortality worldwide, with the number of new cases expected to more than double in the coming years. Chemotherapy is widely used to decelerate or stop tumour development in combination with surgery or radiation therapy when appropriate, and in many cases this improves the symptomatology of the disease. Unfortunately though, chemotherapy is not applicable to all patients and even when it is, there are many cases where a successful initial treatment period is followed by chemotherapeutic drug resistance. This is caused by a number of reasons, ranging from the genetic background of the patient (innate resistance) to the formation of tumour-initiating cells (acquired resistance). In this review, we discuss the potential role of PDK1 in the development of chemoresistance in different types of malignancy, and the design and application of potent inhibitors which can promote chemosensitization.
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27
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Chen L, Cao Y, Rong D, Wang Y, Cao Y. MicroRNA-605 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting INPP4B in melanoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1276-1286. [PMID: 28656250 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including melanoma. Recently, the genetic variants and deregulation of miR-605 have been reported to participate in carcinogenesis. However, the expression status of the miR-605 in melanoma tissues and its role in melanoma progression remain unknown. In this study, we found that miR-605 was significantly downregulated in melanoma cell lines and clinical specimens. Further function studies demonstrated that miR-605 suppressed melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, INPP4B gene was identified as a target of miR-605 through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. Further analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of INPP4B mediated SGK3 activation was required for the suppressive role of miR-605 on melanomas cell growth. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-605 functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating INPP4B mediated SGK3 activation in melanoma and may present a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Rong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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28
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Melanocytic nevi and melanoma: unraveling a complex relationship. Oncogene 2017; 36:5771-5792. [PMID: 28604751 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 33% of melanomas are derived directly from benign, melanocytic nevi. Despite this, the vast majority of melanocytic nevi, which typically form as a result of BRAFV600E-activating mutations, will never progress to melanoma. Herein, we synthesize basic scientific insights and data from mouse models with common observations from clinical practice to comprehensively review melanocytic nevus biology. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which growth arrest is established after BRAFV600E mutation. Means by which growth arrest can be overcome and how melanocytic nevi relate to melanoma are also considered. Finally, we present a new conceptual paradigm for understanding the growth arrest of melanocytic nevi in vivo termed stable clonal expansion. This review builds upon the canonical hypothesis of oncogene-induced senescence in growth arrest and tumor suppression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma.
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29
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Wang J, Perry CJ, Meeth K, Thakral D, Damsky W, Micevic G, Kaech S, Blenman K, Bosenberg M. UV-induced somatic mutations elicit a functional T cell response in the YUMMER1.7 mouse melanoma model. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:428-435. [PMID: 28379630 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human melanomas exhibit relatively high somatic mutation burden compared to other malignancies. These somatic mutations may produce neoantigens that are recognized by the immune system, leading to an antitumor response. By irradiating a parental mouse melanoma cell line carrying three driver mutations with UVB and expanding a single-cell clone, we generated a mutagenized model that exhibits high somatic mutation burden. When inoculated at low cell numbers in immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice, YUMMER1.7 (Yale University Mouse Melanoma Exposed to Radiation) regresses after a brief period of growth. This regression phenotype is dependent on T cells as YUMMER1.7 tumors grow significantly faster in immunodeficient Rag1-/- mice and C57BL/6J mice depleted of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Interestingly, regression can be overcome by injecting higher cell numbers of YUMMER1.7, which results in tumors that grow without effective rejection. Mice that have previously rejected YUMMER1.7 tumors develop immunity against higher doses of YUMMER1.7 tumor challenge. In addition, escaping YUMMER1.7 tumors are sensitive to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy, establishing a new model for the evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibition and antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Curtis J Perry
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katrina Meeth
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Durga Thakral
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Goran Micevic
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim Blenman
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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30
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Toricelli M, Melo FHM, Hunger A, Zanatta D, Strauss BE, Jasiulionis MG. Timp1 Promotes Cell Survival by Activating the PDK1 Signaling Pathway in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040037. [PMID: 28430130 PMCID: PMC5406712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High TIMP1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in melanoma, where it can bind to CD63 and β1 integrin, inducing PI3-kinase pathway and cell survival. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), generated under phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation, enables the recruitment and activation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) at the membrane, resulting in the phosphorylation of a host of other proteins. Using a melanoma progression model, we evaluated the impact of Timp1 and AKT silencing, as well as PI3K, PDK1, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on aggressiveness characteristics. Timp1 downregulation resulted in decreased anoikis resistance, clonogenicity, dacarbazine resistance, and in vivo tumor growth and lung colonization. In metastatic cells, pAKTThr308 is highly expressed, contributing to anoikis resistance. We showed that PDK1Ser241 and PKCβIISer660 are activated by Timp1 in different stages of melanoma progression, contributing to colony formation and anoikis resistance. Moreover, simultaneous inhibition of Timp1 and AKT in metastatic cells resulted in more effective anoikis inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that Timp1 promotes cell survival with the participation of PDK1 and PKC in melanoma. In addition, Timp1 and AKT act synergistically to confer anoikis resistance in advanced tumor stages. This study brings new insights about the mechanisms by which Timp1 promotes cell survival in melanoma, and points to novel perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana H M Melo
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Aline Hunger
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Zanatta
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Miriam G Jasiulionis
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
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31
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Mo Y, Lu Y, Wang P, Huang S, He L, Li D, Li F, Huang J, Lin X, Li X, Che S, Chen Q. Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes cell growth by regulating miR-139-5p/PDK1/AKT axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317690999. [PMID: 28231734 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317690999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA often contributes to unrestricted growth of cancer cells. Long non-coding RNA XIST expression is upregulated in several cancers; however, its modulatory mechanisms have not been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we found that XIST expression was significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cell lines. XIST promoted cell cycle progression from the G1 phase to the S phase and protected cells from apoptosis, which contributed to hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth. In addition, we revealed that there was reciprocal repression between XIST and miR-139-5p. PDK1 was identified as a direct target of miR-139-5p. We proposed that XIST was responsible for hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, and XIST exerted its function through the miR-139-5p/PDK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Mo
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Yaoyong Lu
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- 3 Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Simin Huang
- 4 Graduate School of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Longguang He
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Dasheng Li
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Fuliang Li
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lin
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Xueru Li
- 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyao Che
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Qinshou Chen
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
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32
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Thompson N, Adams DJ, Ranzani M. Synthetic lethality: emerging targets and opportunities in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:183-193. [PMID: 28097822 PMCID: PMC5396340 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the treatment of melanoma through use of targeted therapies and immunotherapy. One approach that has not been fully explored is synthetic lethality, which exploits somatically acquired changes, usually driver mutations, to specifically kill tumour cells. We outline the various approaches that may be applied to identify synthetic lethal interactions and define how these interactions may drive drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Thompson
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marco Ranzani
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
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33
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Di Blasio L, Gagliardi PA, Puliafito A, Primo L. Serine/Threonine Kinase 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase-1 (PDK1) as a Key Regulator of Cell Migration and Cancer Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9030025. [PMID: 28287465 PMCID: PMC5366820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the cellular signaling that governs the motility of eukaryotic cells is one of the fundamental tasks of modern cell biology, not only because of the large number of physiological processes in which cell migration is crucial, but even more so because of the pathological ones, in particular tumor invasion and metastasis. Cell migration requires the coordination of at least four major processes: polarization of intracellular signaling, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane extension, focal adhesion and integrin signaling and contractile forces generation and rear retraction. Among the molecular components involved in the regulation of locomotion, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been shown to exert fundamental role. A pivotal node of such pathway is represented by the serine/threonine kinase 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1 or PDK1). PDK1, and the majority of its substrates, belong to the AGC family of kinases (related to cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1, cyclic Guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C), and control a plethora of cellular processes, downstream either to PI3K or to other pathways, such as RAS GTPase-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Interestingly, PDK1 has been demonstrated to be crucial for the regulation of each step of cell migration, by activating several proteins such as protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt), myotonic dystrophy-related CDC42-binding kinases alpha (MRCKα), Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) and β3 integrin. Moreover, PDK1 regulates cancer cell invasion as well, thus representing a possible target to prevent cancer metastasis in human patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the various mechanisms by which PDK1 controls the cell migration process, from cell polarization to actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion regulation, and finally, to discuss the evidence supporting a role for PDK1 in cancer cell invasion and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Blasio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Luca Primo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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34
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Chi MN, Guo ST, Wilmott JS, Guo XY, Yan XG, Wang CY, Liu XY, Jin L, Tseng HY, Liu T, Croft A, Hondermarck H, Scolyer RA, Jiang CC, Zhang XD. INPP4B is upregulated and functions as an oncogenic driver through SGK3 in a subset of melanomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39891-907. [PMID: 26573229 PMCID: PMC4741868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signalling and has a tumour suppressive role in some types of cancers. However, we have found that it is upregulated in a subset of melanomas. Here we report that INPP4B can function as an oncogenic driver through activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3) in melanoma. While INPP4B knockdown inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and retarded melanoma xenograft growth, overexpression of INPP4B enhanced melanoma cell and melanocyte proliferation and triggered anchorage-independent growth of melanocytes. Noticeably, INPP4B-mediated melanoma cell proliferation was not related to activation of Akt, but was mediated by SGK3. Upregulation of INPP4B in melanoma cells was associated with loss of miRNA (miR)-494 and/or miR-599 due to gene copy number reduction. Indeed, overexpression of miR-494 or miR-599 downregulated INPP4B, reduced SGK3 activation, and inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, whereas introduction of anti-miR-494 or anti-miR-599 upregulated INPP4B, enhanced SGK3 activation, and promoted melanoma cell proliferation. Collectively, these results identify upregulation of INPP4B as an oncogenic mechanism through activation of SGK3 in a subset of melanomas, with implications for targeting INPP4B and restoring miR-494 and miR-599 as novel approaches in the treatment of melanomas with high INPP4B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Na Chi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Su Tang Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - James S Wilmott
- Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, and Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiang Yun Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Xu Guang Yan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Chun Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Xiao Ying Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, and Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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35
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Langdon CG, Wiedemann N, Held MA, Mamillapalli R, Iyidogan P, Theodosakis N, Platt JT, Levy F, Vuagniaux G, Wang S, Bosenberg MW, Stern DF. SMAC mimetic Debio 1143 synergizes with taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors and bromodomain inhibitors to impede growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37410-25. [PMID: 26485762 PMCID: PMC4741938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins can sensitize tumor cells to conventional chemotherapies or other targeted agents. Antagonizing the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) with mimetics of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC is one such approach. We used sensitization compound screening to uncover possible agents with the potential to further sensitize lung adenocarcinoma cells to the SMAC mimetic Debio 1143. Several compounds in combination with Debio 1143, including taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, and bromodomain inhibitors, super-additively inhibited growth and clonogenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Co-treatment with Debio 1143 and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2, and XIAP. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling is also activated following Debio 1143 treatment, and Debio 1143 induces the formation of the ripoptosome in Debio 1143-sensitive cell lines. Sensitivity to Debio 1143 and JQ1 co-treatment was associated with baseline caspase-8 expression. In vivo treatment of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts with Debio 1143 in combination with JQ1 or docetaxel reduced tumor volume more than either single agent alone. As Debio 1143-containing combinations effectively inhibited both in vitro and in vivo growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, these data provide a rationale for Debio 1143 combinations currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials and suggest potential utility of other combinations identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Held
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pinar Iyidogan
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James T Platt
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Breast Medical Oncology Group, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Shaomeng Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Departments of Dermatology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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36
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Meeth K, Wang JX, Micevic G, Damsky W, Bosenberg MW. The YUMM lines: a series of congenic mouse melanoma cell lines with defined genetic alterations. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:590-7. [PMID: 27287723 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of immune therapies emphasizes the need for immune-competent cancer models. Elegant genetically engineered mouse models of a variety of cancers have been established, but their effective use is limited by cost and difficulties in rapidly generating experimental data. Some mouse cancer cell lines are transplantable to immunocompetent host mice and have been utilized extensively to study cancer immunology. Here, we describe the Yale University Mouse Melanoma (YUMM) lines, a comprehensive system of mouse melanoma cell lines that are syngeneic to C57BL/6, have well-defined human-relevant driver mutations, and are genomically stable. This will be a useful tool for the study of tumor immunology and genotype-specific cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Meeth
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jake Xiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Goran Micevic
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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37
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A Transcriptionally Inactive ATF2 Variant Drives Melanomagenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1884-92. [PMID: 27210757 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies, characterized by chemoresistance and a striking propensity to metastasize. The transcription factor ATF2 elicits oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, we show that expression of a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2(Δ8,9)) promotes development of melanoma in mouse models. Atf2(Δ8,9)-driven tumors show enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration, and metastatic propensity. Similar to mouse Atf2(Δ8,9), we have identified a transcriptionally inactive human ATF2 splice variant 5 (ATF2(SV5)) that enhances the growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma cells and immortalized melanocytes. ATF2(SV5) expression is elevated in human melanoma specimens and is associated with poor prognosis. These findings point to an oncogenic function for ATF2 in melanoma development that appears to be independent of its transcriptional activity.
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38
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Micevic G, Muthusamy V, Damsky W, Theodosakis N, Liu X, Meeth K, Wingrove E, Santhanakrishnan M, Bosenberg M. DNMT3b Modulates Melanoma Growth by Controlling Levels of mTORC2 Component RICTOR. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2180-2192. [PMID: 26923591 PMCID: PMC4785087 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells and plays important roles during the formation and progression of several cancer types. However, the specific signaling pathways controlled by DNMT3B in cancers, including melanoma, are poorly understood. Here, we report that DNMT3B plays a pro-tumorigenic role in human melanoma and that DNMT3B loss dramatically suppresses melanoma formation in the Braf/Pten mouse melanoma model. Loss of DNMT3B results in hypomethylation of the miR-196b promoter and increased miR-196b expression, which directly targets the mTORC2 component Rictor. Loss of RICTOR in turn prevents mTORC2 activation, which is critical for melanoma formation and growth. These findings establish Dnmt3b as a regulator of melanoma formation through its effect on mTORC2 signaling. Based on these results, DNMT3B is a potential therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Viswanathan Muthusamy
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Katrina Meeth
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily Wingrove
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Manjula Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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39
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Roller DG, Capaldo B, Bekiranov S, Mackey AJ, Conaway MR, Petricoin EF, Gioeli D, Weber MJ. Combinatorial drug screening and molecular profiling reveal diverse mechanisms of intrinsic and adaptive resistance to BRAF inhibition in V600E BRAF mutant melanomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2734-53. [PMID: 26673621 PMCID: PMC4823068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of BRAFV600E melanomas display intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibitors, in part due to adaptive signaling responses. In this communication we ask whether BRAFV600E melanomas share common adaptive responses to BRAF inhibition that can provide clinically relevant targets for drug combinations. We screened a panel of 12 treatment-naïve BRAFV600E melanoma cell lines with MAP Kinase pathway inhibitors in pairwise combination with 58 signaling inhibitors, assaying for synergistic cytotoxicity. We found enormous diversity in the drug combinations that showed synergy, with no two cell lines having an identical profile. Although the 6 lines most resistant to BRAF inhibition showed synergistic benefit from combination with lapatinib, the signaling mechanisms by which this combination generated synergistic cytotoxicity differed between the cell lines. We conclude that adaptive responses to inhibition of the primary oncogenic driver (BRAFV600E) are determined not only by the primary oncogenic driver but also by diverse secondary genetic and epigenetic changes ("back-seat drivers") and hence optimal drug combinations will be variable. Because upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases is a major source of drug resistance arising from diverse adaptive responses, we propose that inhibitors of these receptors may have substantial clinical utility in combination with inhibitors of the MAP Kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin G. Roller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Brian Capaldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Aaron J. Mackey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Mark R. Conaway
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
| | - Michael J. Weber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908 USA
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40
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Watanabe S, Matsumoto T, Oda M, Yamada K, Takagi J, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Insulin augments serotonin-induced contraction via activation of the IR/PI3K/PDK1 pathway in the rat carotid artery. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:667-77. [PMID: 26577585 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia associated with type 2 diabetes may contribute to the development of vascular diseases. Although we recently reported that enhanced contractile responses to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are observed in the arteries of type 2 diabetes models, the causative factors and detailed signaling pathways involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high insulin would be an amplifier of 5-HT-induced contraction in rat carotid arteries and whether the contraction involves phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) signaling, an insulin-mediated signaling pathway. In rat carotid arteries organ-cultured with insulin (for 24 h), (1) the contractile responses to 5-HT were significantly greater (vs. vehicle), (2) the insulin-induced enhancement of 5-HT-induced contractions was largely suppressed by inhibitors of the insulin receptor (IR) (GSK1838705A), PI3K (LY294002), and PDK1 (GSK2334470), and (3) the levels of phosphorylated forms of both PDK1 and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) were greater upon 5-HT stimulation. In addition, in rat carotid arteries organ-cultured with an activator of PDK1 (PS48), the 5-HT-induced contraction was greater, and this was suppressed by PDK1 inhibition but not PI3K inhibition. In addition, MYPT1 and PDK1 phosphorylation upon 5-HT stimulation was enhanced (vs. vehicle). These results suggest that high insulin levels amplify 5-HT-induced contraction. Moreover, the present results indicated the direct linkage between IR/PI3K/PDK1 activation and 5-HT-induced contraction in rat carotid arteries for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mirai Oda
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamada
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Takagi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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41
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Xiaobo Y, Qiang L, Xiong Q, Zheng R, Jianhua Z, Zhifeng L, Yijiang S, Zheng J. Serum and glucocorticoid kinase 1 promoted the growth and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Gene 2015; 576:339-46. [PMID: 26548813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) has been reported to be up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its functions in NSCLC remained unclear. Here, SGK1 was found to be up-regulated in NSCLC samples. Over-expression of SGK1 promoted the growth and migration of NSCLC cells, while down-regulation of SGK1 inhibited the growth, migration and metastasis of NSCLC cells. SGK1 promoted the phosphorylation of GSK3 beta and the accumulation of beta-catenin, up-regulation of the target genes downstream of beta-catenin/TCF signaling, and activating the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin/TCF complex. Collectively, SGK1 might promote the progression of NSCLC through activating beta-catenin/TCF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiaobo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lin Qiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Qin Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ruan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhou Jianhua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lin Zhifeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Su Yijiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Liu S, Zhu B, Sun Y, Xie X. MiR-155 modulates the progression of neuropathic pain through targeting SGK3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14374-14382. [PMID: 26823753 PMCID: PMC4713539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate the potential effects of miR-155 in neuropathic pain and its potential mechanism. Spragure-Dawley (SD) rats were used for neuropathic pain model of bilateral chronic constriction injury (bCCI) construction. Effects of miR-155 expression on pain threshold of mechanical stimuli (MWT), paw withdrawal threshold latency (PMTL) and cold threshold were analyzed. Target for miR-155 was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Moreover, effects of miR-155 target gene expression on pain thresholds were also assessed. Compared with the controls and sham group, miR-155 was overexpressed in neuropathic pain rats (P<0.05), but miR-155 slicing could significantly decreased the pain thresholds (P<0.05). Serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase 3 (SGK3) was predicted as the target gene for miR-155, and miR-155 expression was negatively correlated to SGK3 expression. Furthermore, SGK3 overexpression could significantly decreased the pain thresholds which was the same as miR-155 (P<0.05). Moreover, miR-155 slicing and SGK3 overexpression could significantly decrease the painthreshold. The data presented in this study suggested that miR-155 slicing could excellently alleviate neuropathic pain in rats through targeting SGK3 expression. miR-155 may be a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College and Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College and Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College and Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Xianfeng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College and Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu 610017, China
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43
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Karachaliou N, Pilotto S, Teixidó C, Viteri S, González-Cao M, Riso A, Morales-Espinosa D, Molina MA, Chaib I, Santarpia M, Richardet E, Bria E, Rosell R. Melanoma: oncogenic drivers and the immune system. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:265. [PMID: 26605311 PMCID: PMC4630557 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances and in-depth understanding of the biology of melanoma over the past 30 years have contributed to a change in the consideration of melanoma as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies. The finding that oncogenic BRAF mutations drive tumor growth in up to 50% of melanomas led to a molecular therapy revolution for unresectable and metastatic disease. Moving beyond BRAF, inactivation of immune regulatory checkpoints that limit T cell responses to melanoma has provided targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology of melanoma and we focus on the recent advances of molecularly targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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44
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Guo ST, Chi MN, Yang RH, Guo XY, Zan LK, Wang CY, Xi YF, Jin L, Croft A, Tseng HY, Yan XG, Farrelly M, Wang FH, Lai F, Wang JF, Li YP, Ackland S, Scott R, Agoulnik IU, Hondermarck H, Thorne RF, Liu T, Zhang XD, Jiang CC. INPP4B is an oncogenic regulator in human colon cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3049-61. [PMID: 26411369 PMCID: PMC4908438 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and is a tumor suppressor in some types of cancers. However, we have found that it is frequently upregulated in human colon cancer cells. Here we show that silencing of INPP4B blocks activation of Akt and serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3), inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and retards colon cancer xenograft growth. Conversely, overexpression of INPP4B increases proliferation and triggers anchorage-independent growth of normal colon epithelial cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the effect of INPP4B on Akt and SGK3 is associated with inactivation of phosphate and tensin homolog through its protein phosphatase activity and that the increase in INPP4B is due to Ets-1-mediated transcriptional upregulation in colon cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that INPP4B may function as an oncogenic driver in colon cancer, with potential implications for targeting INPP4B as a novel approach to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - M N Chi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R H Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - X Y Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - L K Zan
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shanxi, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Y F Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shanxi, China
| | - L Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Croft
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H-Y Tseng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - X G Yan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Farrelly
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F H Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - F Lai
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J F Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shanxi, China
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shanxi, China
| | - S Ackland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I U Agoulnik
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R F Thorne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - X D Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C C Jiang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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