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Anastasakis DG, Apostolidi M, Garman KA, Polash AH, Umar MI, Meng Q, Scutenaire J, Jarvis JE, Wang X, Haase AD, Brownell I, Rinehart J, Hafner M. Nuclear PKM2 binds pre-mRNA at folded G-quadruplexes and reveals their gene regulatory role. Mol Cell 2024; 84:3775-3789.e6. [PMID: 39153475 PMCID: PMC11455610 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear localization of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 is widely observed in various cancer types. We identify nuclear PKM2 as a non-canonical RNA-binding protein (RBP) that specifically interacts with folded RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures in precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). PKM2 occupancy at rG4s prevents the binding of repressive RBPs, such as HNRNPF, and promotes the expression of rG4-containing pre-mRNAs (the "rG4ome"). We observe an upregulation of the rG4ome during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and a negative correlation of rG4 abundance with patient survival in different cancer types. By preventing the nuclear accumulation of PKM2, we could repress the rG4ome in triple-negative breast cancer cells and reduce migration and invasion of cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. Our data suggest that the balance of folded and unfolded rG4s controlled by RBPs impacts gene expression during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Apostolidi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ahsan H Polash
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mubarak I Umar
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Xiantao Wang
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Astrid D Haase
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jesse Rinehart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Laboratory, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Kharel P, Ivanov P. PKM2-G-quadruplex interactions conspire to regulate the cancer transcriptome. Mol Cell 2024; 84:3574-3575. [PMID: 39366344 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Anastasakis et al. describe a novel function of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 as an RNA G-quadruplex binding protein, which could contribute to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kharel
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Zheng X, Zhang S, Ma H, Dong Y, Zheng J, Zeng L, Liu J, Dai Y, Yin Q. Replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates and long-noncoding RNAs regulation in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112321. [PMID: 38936596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an essential interface that coordinates cellular metabolism and is as a primary route determining the fate of a variety of fuel sources, including glucose, fatty acid and glutamate. The crosstalk of nutrients replenished TCA cycle regulates breast cancer (BC) progression by changing substrate levels-induced epigenetic alterations, especially the methylation, acetylation, succinylation and lactylation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have dual roles in inhibiting or promoting energy reprogramming, and so altering the metabolic flux of fuel sources to the TCA cycle, which may regulate epigenetic modifications at the cellular level of BC. This narrative review discussed the central role of the TCA cycle in interconnecting numerous fuels and the induced epigenetic modifications, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - ShunShun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - HaoDi Ma
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yirui Dong
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanzhenzi Dai
- Animal Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Qinan Yin
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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4
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Su F, Koeberle A. Regulation and targeting of SREBP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:673-708. [PMID: 38036934 PMCID: PMC11156753 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. De novo lipogenesis is under the control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and essentially contributes to HCC progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of SREBP-1 isoforms in HCC based on cellular, animal, and clinical data. Specifically, we (i) address the overarching mechanisms for regulating SREBP-1 transcription, proteolytic processing, nuclear stability, and transactivation and (ii) critically discuss their impact on HCC, taking into account (iii) insights from pharmacological approaches. Emphasis is placed on cross-talk with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), and other kinases that directly phosphorylate SREBP-1; transcription factors, such as liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and Myc; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational modifications of SREBP-1; and SREBP-1-regulatory metabolites such as oxysterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. By carefully scrutinizing the role of SREBP-1 in HCC development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, we shed light on the potential of SREBP-1-targeting strategies in HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Su
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Fei M, Li X, Liang S, Zhou S, Wu H, Sun L, Liu Y, Hu Q, Liu L, Wang J. LncRNA PWRN1 inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating PKM2 activity. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216620. [PMID: 38218456 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play vital roles in cancer development and progression. The lncRNA PWRN1 (PWRN1), acts as a tumor suppressor factor, which is low expressed in some cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PWRN1, especially the regulatory relationship with RNA binding protein in HCC remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that PWRN1 was significantly down-regulated in HCC and correlated with better prognosis; furthermore, gain-of-function experiments showed that PWRN1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. We further found that PWRN1 up-regulated pyruvate kinase activity and thus hinders the proliferation of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was bound to it and maintained the high activity state of PKM2, thereby hindering PKM2 from entering the nucleus in the form of low-activity dimers, reducing the expression of c-Myc downstream gene LDHA, leading to a decrease in lactate levels, and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. In addition, PWRN1 was found to inhibit aerobic glycolysis. Finally, TEPP-46, a pyruvate kinase activator, appeared to inhibit HCC proliferation by maintaining tetramer stability and increasing pyruvate kinase activity. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the biology hindering HCC proliferation and indicate that PWRN1 in combination with PKM2 activators might represent a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Fei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xianying Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Linmao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China.
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6
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Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zhu C, Xu G, Xu L, Rao Z, Zhou L, Jiang P, Malik S, Fang J, Lin H, Zhang M. STAT3 palmitoylation initiates a positive feedback loop that promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in mice. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd2282. [PMID: 38051779 PMCID: PMC10907978 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) contributes to the malignancy of many cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor prognosis. STAT3 activity is increased by the reversible palmitoylation of Cys108 by the palmitoyltransferase DHHC7 (encoded by ZDHHC7). Here, we investigated the consequences of S-palmitoylation of STAT3 in HCC. Increased ZDHHC7 abundance in HCC cases was associated with poor prognosis, as revealed by bioinformatics analysis of patient data. In HepG2 cells in vitro, DHHC7-mediated palmitoylation enhanced the expression of STAT3 target genes, including HIF1A, which encodes the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1α. Inhibiting DHHC7 decreased the S-palmitoylation of STAT3 and decreased HIF1α abundance. Furthermore, stabilization of HIF1α by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) enabled it to promote the expression of ZDHHC7, which generated a positive feedback loop between DHHC7, STAT3, and HIF1α. Perturbing this loop reduced the growth of HCC cells in vivo. Moreover, DHHC7, STAT3, and HIF1α were all abundant in human HCC tissues. Our study identifies a pathway connecting these proteins that is initiated by S-palmitoylation, which may be broadly applicable to understanding the role of this modification in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zijian Rao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sara Malik
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, United States
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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7
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Liu F, Liao Z, Zhang Z. MYC in liver cancer: mechanisms and targeted therapy opportunities. Oncogene 2023; 42:3303-3318. [PMID: 37833558 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
MYC, a major oncogenic transcription factor, regulates target genes involved in various pathways such as cell proliferation, metabolism and immune evasion, playing a critical role in the tumor initiation and development in multiple types of cancer. In liver cancer, MYC and its signaling pathways undergo significant changes, exerting a profound impact on liver cancer progression, including tumor proliferation, metastasis, dedifferentiation, metabolism, immune microenvironment, and resistance to comprehensive therapies. This makes MYC an appealing target, despite it being previously considered an undruggable protein. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanisms of MYC in liver physiology, chronic liver diseases, hepatocarcinogenesis, and liver cancer progression, providing a theoretical basis for targeting MYC as an ideal therapeutic target for liver cancer. We also summarize and prospect the strategies for targeting MYC, including direct and indirect approaches to abolish the oncogenic function of MYC in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Sun K, Luo Y, Yang J, Li A, Kiupel M, Fenske S, Biel M, Mi QS, Wang H, Xiao H. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 3 promotes HCC development in a female-biased manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113157. [PMID: 37733590 PMCID: PMC10873026 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are regulated by sex and non-sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and environmental factors. We previously reported that Ncoa5+/- mice develop HCC in a male-biased manner. Here we show that NCOA5 expression is reduced in male patient HCCs while the expression of an NCOA5-interacting tumor suppressor, TIP30, is lower in female HCCs. Tip30 heterozygous deletion does not change HCC incidence in Ncoa5+/- male mice but dramatically increases HCC incidence in Ncoa5+/- female mice, accompanied by hepatic hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 3 (HCN3) overexpression. HCN3 overexpression cooperates with MYC to promote mouse HCC development, whereas Hcn3 knockout preferentially hinders HCC development in female mice. Furthermore, HCN3 amplification and overexpression occur in human HCCs and correlate with a poorer prognosis of patients in a female-biased manner. Our results suggest that TIP30 and NCOA5 protect against female liver oncogenesis and that HCN3 is a female-biased HCC driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Kairui Sun
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jack Yang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stefanie Fenske
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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9
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Manabile MA, Hull R, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Mongan NP, Bates DO, Dlamini Z. Alternative Splicing Events and Their Clinical Significance in Colorectal Cancer: Targeted Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3999. [PMID: 37568815 PMCID: PMC10417810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as one of the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is on the rise, particularly in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). There are several factors that contribute to the development and progression of CRC. Alternative splicing (AS) was found to be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CRC. With the advent of genome/transcriptome sequencing and large patient databases, the broad role of aberrant AS in cancer development and progression has become clear. AS affects cancer initiation, proliferation, invasion, and migration. These splicing changes activate oncogenes or deactivate tumor suppressor genes by producing altered amounts of normally functional or new proteins with different, even opposing, functions. Thus, identifying and characterizing CRC-specific alternative splicing events and variants might help in designing new therapeutic splicing disrupter drugs. CRC-specific splicing events can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, alternatively spliced events and their role in CRC development will be discussed. The paper also reviews recent research on alternatively spliced events that might be exploited as prognostic, diagnostic, and targeted therapeutic indicators. Of particular interest is the targeting of protein arginine methyltransferase (PMRT) isoforms for the development of new treatments and diagnostic tools. The potential challenges and limitations in translating these discoveries into clinical practice will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosebo Armstrong Manabile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Nigel Patrick Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK;
| | - David Owen Bates
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
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10
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Chu X, Zhong L, Dan W, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Lu Y, Shao X, Zhou Z, Chen S, Liu B. DNMT3A R882H mutation promotes acute leukemic cell survival by regulating glycolysis through the NRF2/NQO1 axis. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110626. [PMID: 36758683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have confirmed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with DNA methyltransferase 3A Arg882His (DNMT3A R882H) mutation show an increased proliferation capability. However, the associated mechanism is still unclear. Glycolysis is involved in regulating malignant proliferation of cancer cell. Hence, we analyzed whether the DNMT3A R882H mutation interferes with glycolysis and thereby influences AML cell proliferation. METHODS We generated AML cell line carrying a DNMT3A-R882H mutation and compared it with the wild type (DNMT3A-WT) with regard to glycolysis regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the cell line's proliferation and apoptosis by a CCK-8 assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry. The role of NRF2/NQO1 signaling in regulating glycolysis was investigated by NRF2-knockdown and Brusatol (specific inhibitor of NRF2) treatment. RESULTS DNMT3A R882H cells had a higher glucose transport capacity compared to WT cells and their viability could be reduced by glucose deprivation. Moreover, daunorubicin had a slight inhibitory effect on glycolysis while glycolysis inhibition re-sensitized mutant cells to daunorubicin. Obviously, DNMT3A R882H mutation activated the NRF2/NQO1 pathway and enhanced the glycolytic activity in mutant cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which a DNMT3A R882H mutation promotes glycolysis via activation of NRF2/NQO1 pathway. A parallel glycolysis inhibition adds to the anticancer effects of daunorubicin which might lead to a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AML patients carrying a DNMT3A R882H mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wenran Dan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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11
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Androgen receptor variant 7 exacerbates hepatocarcinogenesis in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36746917 PMCID: PMC9902460 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7), an AR isoform with a truncated ligand-binding domain, functions as a transcription factor in an androgen-independent manner. AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its role(s) in this cancer is undefined. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of AR-V7 in hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model generated by the hydrodynamic tail-vein injection system. The impacts of AR-V7 on gene expression in mouse HCC were elucidated by RNA-seq transcriptome and ontology analyses. The results showed that AR-V7 significantly exacerbated the c-MYC-mediated oncogenesis in the livers of both sexes. The transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses revealed that AR-V7 and c-MYC synergistically altered the gene sets involved in various cancer-related biological processes, particularly in lipid and steroid/sterol metabolisms. Importantly, AR-V7 suppressed a tumor suppressor Claudin 7 expression, upregulated by c-MYC overexpression via the p53 signaling pathway. Claudin 7 overexpression significantly suppressed the c-MYC-driven HCC development under p53-deficient conditions. Our results suggest that the AR-V7 exacerbates the c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis by potentiating the oncogenic roles and minimizing the anti-oncogenic functions of c-MYC. Since AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of HCC cases, it could contribute to the inter- and intra-heterogeneity of HCC.
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12
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Zhou S, Li L, Zhang M, Qin Y, Li B. The function of brother of the regulator of imprinted sites in cancer development. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:236-244. [PMID: 36376421 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg compiled, there are nine hallmarks of cancer that are conducive to cancer cell development and survival. Previous studies showed that brother of the regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS) might promote cancer progression through these aspects. The competition between BORIS and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), which is crucial in the formation of chromatin loops, affects the normal function of CTCF and leads to neoplasia and deformity. In addition, BORIS belongs to the cancer-testis antigen families, which are potential targets in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we discuss the function and mechanisms of BORIS, especially in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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13
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Increased Expression of NXPH4 Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration and Unfavorable Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5005747. [PMID: 36245978 PMCID: PMC9560829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading malignant carcinomas. Despite the advancement in the treatment for HCC, such as precise hepatectomy, radiotherapy, transarterial therapies, chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy, the 5-year overall survival rate of HCC is extremely low. Hence, novel biomarkers are urgently needed for advancing the therapy and prognosis of HCC. Neurexophilin 4 (NXPH4) is a neuropeptide-like glycoprotein. The study is designed to investigate the function of NXPH4 in HCC through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. NXPH4 expression status and prognostic values were analyzed via multiple datasets, such as TCGA, GEO, and ICGC. The association between NXPH4 and immune cell infiltration was estimated by TIMER, TISIDB, and CIBERSORT. In vitro, we explored the biological function of NXPH4 in JHH7 and SNU182 cells through knocking down the expression of NXPH4 via siRNA. In general, NXPH4 was predominantly upregulated in HCC tumors, and increased NXPH4 expression predicted unfavorable prognosis. The gene enrichment analysis displayed that NXPH4 was related with metabolic pathways. NXPH4 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration. NXPH4 knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of JHH7 and SNU182 cells. This study suggested that the upregulation of NXPH4 is associated with adverse prognosis and immune cell infiltration in HCC. NXPH4 could be a novel biomarker of unfavorable prognosis and an underlying target for immunotherapy in HCC.
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14
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MYC Promotes LDHA Expression through MicroRNA-122-5p to Potentiate Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:1435173. [PMID: 36033372 PMCID: PMC9410951 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1435173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a notorious oncogene in a vast network of malignancies, whereas liver-specific microRNA- (miR-) 122-5p is downregulated in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Here, we studied the possible correlation between these two and their involvement in glycolysis in HCC. MYC was overexpressed in HCC tissues and cells compared to normal liver tissues and normal hepatocytes NHC, which predicted a poor survival of HCC sufferers. Functional assays demonstrated that silencing of MYC inhibited the glycolysis in HCC cells, as evidenced by significantly weaker glucose consumption, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and downregulated HK1 and HK2 protein expression. Moreover, MYC bound to the miR-122-5p promoter and repressed the miR-122-5p expression. Rescue experiments showed that miR-122-5p inhibitor rescued the diminished glycolysis after MYC silencing. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) was identified as a downstream target of miR-122-5p. The overexpression of LDHA mitigated the effects of si-MYC and miR-122-5p mimic on glycolysis of HCC cells, respectively. In conclusion, the MYC/miR-122-5p/LDHA axis modulates glycolysis in HCC cells and possibly affects HCC progression.
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15
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Tlili M, Acevedo H, Descoteaux A, Germain M, Heinonen KM. Cell-intrinsic Wnt4 ligand regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102193. [PMID: 35764169 PMCID: PMC9352913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to their environment by adopting a predominantly inflammatory or anti-inflammatory profile, depending on the context. The polarization of the subsequent response is regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic signals and is associated with alterations in macrophage metabolism. Although macrophages are important producers of Wnt ligands, the role of Wnt signaling in regulating metabolic changes associated with macrophage polarization remains unclear. Wnt4 upregulation has been shown to be associated with tissue repair and suppression of age-associated inflammation, which led us to generate Wnt4-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages to investigate its role in metabolism. We show that loss of Wnt4 led to modified mitochondrial structure, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, and depleted intracellular lipid reserves, as the cells depended on fatty acid oxidation to fuel their mitochondria. Further we found that enhanced lipolysis was dependent on protein kinase C–mediated activation of lysosomal acid lipase in Wnt4-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages. Although not irreversible, these metabolic changes promoted parasite survival during infection with Leishmania donovani. In conclusion, our results indicate that enhanced macrophage fatty acid oxidation impairs the control of intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania. We further suggest that Wnt4 may represent a potential target in atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid storage in macrophages leading to them becoming foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Tlili
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Hamlet Acevedo
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, CANADA; Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Montreal, CANADA; Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec, Université du Québec, Quebec, CANADA
| | - Krista M Heinonen
- Institut national de recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7V 1B7, CANADA; Centre d'Excellence de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Montreal, CANADA.
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16
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Tang M, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Wei S, Liu M, Zheng N, Geng D, Han S, Zhang Y, Zhong G, Li S, Zhang X, Wang C, Yan H, Cao X, Li L, Bai X, Ji J, Feng XH, Qin J, Liang T, Zhao B. Liver cancer heterogeneity modeled by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5683. [PMID: 35731873 PMCID: PMC9216519 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic study and precision treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) are hindered by marked heterogeneity, which is challenging to recapitulate in any given liver cancer mouse model. Here, we report the generation of 25 mouse models of PLC by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes recapitulating 25 single or combinations of human cancer driver genes. These mouse tumors represent major histopathological types of human PLCs and could be divided into three human-matched molecular subtypes based on transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Phenotypical characterization identified subtype- or genotype-specific alterations in immune microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and expression of drug targets. Furthermore, single-cell analysis and expression tracing revealed spatial and temporal dynamics in expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (Pkm2). Tumor-specific knockdown of Pkm2 by multiplexed genome editing reversed the Warburg effect and suppressed tumorigenesis in a genotype-specific manner. Our study provides mouse PLC models with defined genetic drivers and characterized phenotypical heterogeneity suitable for mechanistic investigation and preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shumei Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Didi Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shixun Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoxuan Zhong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenliang Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junfang Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. (T.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 321000, China
- Corresponding author. (T.L.); (B.Z.)
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17
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Xia Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Shapiro E, Lepor H, Tang MS, Sun TT, Wu XR. PKM2 Is Essential for Bladder Cancer Growth and Maintenance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:571-585. [PMID: 34903602 PMCID: PMC8857058 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been shown to promote tumorigenesis by facilitating the Warburg effect and enhancing the activities of oncoproteins. However, this paradigm has recently been challenged by studies in which the absence of PKM2 failed to inhibit and instead accelerated tumorigenesis in mouse models. These results seem inconsistent with the fact that most human tumors overexpress PKM2. To further elucidate the role of PKM2 in tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of PKM2 knockout in oncogenic HRAS-driven urothelial carcinoma. While PKM2 ablation in mouse urothelial cells did not affect tumor initiation, it impaired the growth and maintenance of HRAS-driven tumors. Chemical inhibition of PKM2 recapitulated these effects. Both conditions substantially reduced complex formation of PKM2 with STAT3, their nuclear translocation, and HIF1α- and VEGF-related angiogenesis. The reduction in nuclear STAT3 in the absence of PKM2 also correlated with decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. Time-controlled, inducible PKM2 overexpression in simple urothelial hyperplasia did not trigger tumorigenesis, while overexpression of PKM2, but not PKM1, in nodular urothelial hyperplasia with angiogenesis strongly accelerated tumorigenesis. Finally, in human patients, PKM2 was overexpressed in low-grade nonmuscle-invasive and high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Based on these data, PKM2 is not required for tumor initiation but is essential for tumor growth and maintenance by enhancing angiogenesis and metabolic addiction. The PKM2-STAT3-HIF1α/VEGF signaling axis may play a critical role in bladder cancer and may serve as an actionable therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE Genetic manipulation and pharmacologic inhibition of PKM2 in mouse urothelial lesions highlight its essential role in promoting angiogenesis and metabolic addiction, events indispensable for tumor growth and maintenance.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Autophagy/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Kinase/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
| | - Ellen Shapiro
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Herbert Lepor
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Moon-shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Tung-Tien Sun
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010
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18
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Godfrey J, Riscal R, Skuli N, Simon MC. Glucagon signaling via supraphysiologic GCGR can reduce cell viability without stimulating gluconeogenic gene expression in liver cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35123542 PMCID: PMC8817478 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Deregulated glucose metabolism is a critical component of cancer growth and survival, clinically evident via FDG-PET imaging of enhanced glucose uptake in tumor nodules. Tumor cells utilize glucose in a variety of interconnected biochemical pathways to generate energy, anabolic precursors, and other metabolites necessary for growth. Glucagon-stimulated gluconeogenesis opposes glycolysis, potentially representing a pathway-specific strategy for targeting glucose metabolism in tumor cells. Here, we test the hypothesis of whether glucagon signaling can activate gluconeogenesis to reduce tumor proliferation in models of liver cancer.
Methods
The glucagon receptor, GCGR, was overexpressed in liver cancer cell lines consisting of a range of etiologies and genetic backgrounds. Glucagon signaling transduction was measured by cAMP ELISAs, western blots of phosphorylated PKA substrates, and qPCRs of relative mRNA expression of multiple gluconeogenic enzymes. Lastly, cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed to quantify the biological effect of glucagon/GCGR stimulation.
Results
Signaling analyses in SNU398 GCGR cells treated with glucagon revealed an increase in cAMP abundance and phosphorylation of downstream PKA substrates, including CREB. qPCR data indicated that none of the three major gluconeogenic genes, G6PC, FBP1, or PCK1, exhibit significantly higher mRNA levels in SNU398 GCGR cells when treated with glucagon; however, this could be partially increased with epigenetic inhibitors. In glucagon-treated SNU398 GCGR cells, flow cytometry analyses of apoptotic markers and growth assays reproducibly measured statistically significant reductions in cell viability. Finally, proliferation experiments employing siCREB inhibition showed no reversal of cell death in SNU398 GCGR cells treated with glucagon, indicating the effects of glucagon in this setting are independent of CREB.
Conclusions
For the first time, we report a potential tumor suppressive role for glucagon/GCGR in liver cancer. Specifically, we identified a novel cell line-specific phenotype, whereby glucagon signaling can induce apoptosis via an undetermined mechanism. Future studies should explore the potential effects of glucagon in diabetic liver cancer patients.
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19
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Li YZ, Zhang C, Pei JP, Zhang WC, Zhang CD, Dai DQ. The functional role of Pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1 in cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:268-277. [PMID: 34976188 PMCID: PMC8692700 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are neogrowths formed by the growth of normal cells or tissues through complex mechanisms under the influence of many factors. The occurrence and development of tumors are affected by many factors. Pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1 (PES1) has been identified as a cancer-related gene. The study of these genes may open up new avenues for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. As a nucleolar protein and part of the Pes1/Bop1/WDR12 (PeBoW) complex, PES1 is involved in ribosome biogenesis and DNA replication. Many studies have shown that high expression of PES1 is often closely related to the occurrence, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics of various human malignant tumors through a series of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. The molecules that regulate the expression of PES1 include microRNA (miRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), c-Jun, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and nucleolar phosphoprotein B23. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms of PES1 overexpression in human malignancies remains unclear. This article summarizes the role of PES1 in the carcinogenesis, prognosis and treatment of multiple tumors, and introduces the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways related to PES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Jun-Peng Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Wan-Chuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Chun-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dong-Qiu Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.,Cancer Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
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20
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Long non-coding RNA CTSLP8 mediates ovarian cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance by modulating cellular glycolysis and regulating c-Myc expression through PKM2. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:1027-1045. [PMID: 34510316 PMCID: PMC9750935 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in tumor progression and resistance. Ovarian cancer (OC), a common gynecological cancer, is associated with poor prognosis as it can progress to peritoneal metastasis and develop resistance to chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine the role of lncRNAs in the development of chemotherapy resistance in OC. METHODS The clinical samples were divided into chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant groups based on the chemotherapy response at follow-up. The glycolysis levels in the two groups were analyzed using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning and immunohistochemistry. GEO dataset analysis revealed the expression of CTSLP8 in chemotherapy-resistant patients with OC. Two pairs of normal and diamminodichloroplatinum (DDP)-resistant cells were transfected with CTSLP8 overexpression and knockdown constructs to examine the functions of CTSLP8 in the OC cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The in vivo effect of CTSLP8 overexpression and knockdown on the chemotherapy response of tumors was examined using a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. The tissue chips were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to examine the correlation among CTSLP8 expression, DDP resistance, and prognosis in OC. RESULTS The dataset analysis demonstrated that CTSLP8 was upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant tumor tissues. CTSLP8 promoted the proliferation and development of DDP resistance in the OC cells. Moreover, CTSLP8 promoted c-Myc expression by facilitating the binding of PKM2 to the promoter region of c-Myc, thereby upregulating glycolysis. The analysis of tissue chips revealed that the upregulation of CTSLP8 was associated with the development of DDP resistance and poor prognosis in patients with OC. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CTSLP8 forms a complex with PKM2 to regulate c-Myc, and this action results in the upregulation of cellular glycolysis, consequently promoting OC progression and development of chemotherapy resistance. HEADLIGHTS 1. CTSLP8 was upregulated in the chemotherapy-resistant tumor tissues. 2. CTSLP8 promoted the proliferation and cisplatin resistance in the OC cells. 3. CTSLP8 promoted glycolysis by facilitating the binding of PKM2 to the promoter region of c-Myc. 4. Inhibition of CTSLP8 or the combination of c-Myc inhibitors with cisplatin were potential therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-resistant of OC.
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21
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Why may citrate sodium significantly increase the effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma? Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100790. [PMID: 34924279 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third cause of cancer death in men worldwide, and its increasing incidence can be explained by the increasing occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). HCC prognosis is poor, as its 5-year overall survival is approximately 18 % and most cases are diagnosed at an inoperable advanced stage. Moreover, tumor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutics (particularly to cisplatin-based regimen), trans-arterial chemoembolization (cTACE), tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. Oncogenic signaling pathways, such as HIF-1α and RAS/PI3K/AKT, may provoke drug resistance by enhancing the aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") in cancer cells. Indeed, this metabolism, which promotes cancer cell development and aggressiveness, also induces extracellular acidity. In turn, this acidity promotes the protonation of drugs, hence abrogating their internalization, since they are most often weakly basic molecules. Consequently, targeting the Warburg effect in these cancer cells (which in turn would reduce the extracellular acidification) could be an effective strategy to increase the delivery of drugs into the tumor. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) and its activator PFK2 are the main regulators of glycolysis, and they also couple the enhancement of glycolysis to the activation of key signaling cascades and cell cycle progression. Therefore, targeting this "Gordian Knot" in HCC cells would be of crucial importance. Here, we suggest that this could be achieved by citrate administration at high concentration, because citrate is a physiologic inhibitor of PFK1 and PFK2. As shown in various in vitro studies, including HCC cell lines, administration of high concentrations of citrate inhibits PFK1 and PFK2 (and consequently glycolysis), decreases ATP production, counteracts HIF-1α and PI3K/AKT signaling, induces apoptosis, and sensitizes cells to cisplatin treatment. Administration of high concentrations of citrate in animal models (including Ras-driven tumours) has been shown to effectively inhibit cancer growth, reverse cell dedifferentiation, and neutralize intratumor acidity, without apparent toxicity in animal studies. Citrate may also induce a rapid secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and it could favour the destruction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustaining tumor recurrence. Consequently, this "citrate strategy" could improve the tumor sensitivity to current treatments of HCC by reducing the extracellular acidity, thus enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor. Therefore, we propose that this strategy should be explored in clinical trials, in particular to enhance cTACE effectiveness.
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22
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Zhou B, Lu D, Wang A, Cui J, Zhang L, Li J, Fan L, Wei W, Liu J, Sun G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes sorafenib resistance via miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1-mediated upregulation of PKM2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1051-1065. [PMID: 34786210 PMCID: PMC8569435 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which ER stress promotes sorafenib resistance in HCC. We found that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) was highly expressed in human HCC tissues and co-related with worse clinicopathologic features and overall survival. Activation of ER stress positively correlated with PKM2 expression both in HCC tissue samples and tunicamycin (TM)-induced HCC cell lines. PKM2 knockdown increased sorafenib-induced apoptosis and decreased the ability of colony formation, while upregulation of PKM2 reverses this phenomenon. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing identified that activation of ER stress significantly downregulated the expression of miR-188-5p in HCC cells. According to bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assays, we further confirmed that hnRNPA2B1 is the target gene of miR-188-5p. Downregulating the expression of hnRNPA2B1 with siRNA could decrease the expression of PKM2 and enhance sorafenib-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Our study demonstrated that ER stress could promote sorafenib resistance through upregulating PKM2 via miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1. Therefore, targeting the miR-188-5p/hnRNPA2B1/PKM2 pathway and ER stress may prove instrumental in overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Donghui Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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Romualdo GR, Leroy K, Costa CJS, Prata GB, Vanderborght B, da Silva TC, Barbisan LF, Andraus W, Devisscher L, Câmara NOS, Vinken M, Cogliati B. In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5583. [PMID: 34771745 PMCID: PMC8582701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies according to the etiology, mainly caused by chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, chronic alcohol consumption, aflatoxin-contaminated food, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. The establishment of HCC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and unravel new molecular drivers of this disease. The ideal model should recapitulate key events observed during hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be translated into clinical practice. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to liver cancer research, only a few anti-HCC drugs are available, and patient prognosis and survival are still poor. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used for translational modeling of HCC with a specific focus on their key molecular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
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24
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Fan C, Kam S, Ramadori P. Metabolism-Associated Epigenetic and Immunoepigenetic Reprogramming in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205250. [PMID: 34680398 PMCID: PMC8534280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes have been characterized as hallmarks of liver cancer. Independently of etiology, oncogenic pathways as well as the availability of different energetic substrates critically influence cellular metabolism, and the resulting perturbations often cause aberrant epigenetic alterations, not only in cancer cells but also in the hepatic tumor microenvironment. Metabolic intermediates serve as crucial substrates for various epigenetic modulations, from post-translational modification of histones to DNA methylation. In turn, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of metabolic genes supporting on the one hand, the increased energetic demand of cancer cells and, on the other hand, influence the activity of tumor-associated immune cell populations. In this review, we will illustrate the most recent findings about metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer. We will focus on the metabolic changes characterizing the tumor microenvironment and on how these alterations impact on epigenetic mechanisms involved in the malignant progression. Furthermore, we will report our current knowledge about the influence of cancer-specific metabolites on epigenetic reprogramming of immune cells and we will highlight how this favors a tumor-permissive immune environment. Finally, we will review the current strategies to target metabolic and epigenetic pathways and their therapeutic potential in liver cancer, alone or in combinatorial approaches.
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25
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Farhana A, Koh AEH, Tong JB, Alsrhani A, Kumar Subbiah S, Mok PL. Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Camptothecin: Epigenetic Modulation in DNA Repair Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5414. [PMID: 34500845 PMCID: PMC8434408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crosstalk between the cellular epigenome and genome converge as a synergistic driver of oncogenic transformations. Besides other pathways, epigenetic regulatory circuits exert their effect towards cancer progression through the induction of DNA repair deficiencies. We explored this mechanism using a camptothecin encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CPT-CEF)-treated HT29 cells model. We previously demonstrated that CPT-CEF treatment of HT29 cells effectively induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, stalling cancer progression. A comparative transcriptome analysis of CPT-CEF-treated versus untreated HT29 cells indicated that genes controlling mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologues recombination were downregulated in these cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that treatment with CPT-CEF alleviated this repression. We observed that CPT-CEF exerts its effect by possibly affecting the DNA repair mechanism through epigenetic modulation involving genes of HMGB1, APEX1, and POLE3. Hence, we propose that CPT-CEF could be a DNA repair modulator that harnesses the cell's epigenomic plasticity to amend DNA repair deficiencies in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Avin Ee-Hwan Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jia Bei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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26
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Wang H, Song X, Liao H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Che L, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Cigliano A, Ament C, Superville D, Ribback S, Reeves M, Pes GM, Liang B, Wu H, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Zeng Y, Chen X. Overexpression of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 7 Activates the Yes-Associated Protein/NOTCH Cascade and Promotes Liver Carcinogenesis in Mice and Humans. Hepatology 2021; 74:248-263. [PMID: 33368437 PMCID: PMC8222417 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 7 is an antagonist of TGF-β signaling. In the present investigation, we sought to determine the relevance of SMAD7 in liver carcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that SMAD7 is up-regulated in a subset of human HCC samples with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SMAD7 expression correlates with activated yes-associated protein (YAP)/NOTCH pathway and cholangiocellular signature genes in HCCs. These findings were substantiated in human HCC cell lines. In vivo, overexpression of Smad7 alone was unable to initiate HCC development, but it significantly accelerated c-Myc/myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1)-induced mouse HCC formation. Consistent with human HCC data, c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7 liver tumors exhibited an increased cholangiocellular gene expression along with Yap/Notch activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Intriguingly, blocking of the Notch signaling did not affect c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-induced hepatocarcinogenesis while preventing cholangiocellular signature expression and EMT, whereas ablation of Yap abolished c-Myc/MCL1/Smad7-driven HCC formation. In mice overexpressing a myristoylated/activated form of AKT, coexpression of SMAD7 accelerated carcinogenesis and switched the phenotype from HCC to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) lesions. In human iCCA, SMAD7 expression was robustly up-regulated, especially in the most aggressive tumors, and directly correlated with the levels of YAP/NOTCH targets as well as cholangiocellular and EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that SMAD7 contributes to liver carcinogenesis by activating the YAP/NOTCH signaling cascade and inducing a cholangiocellular and EMT signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Wang
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haotian Liao
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cindy Ament
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daphne Superville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa Reeves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni M. Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Binyong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yong Zeng
- Liver Transplantation Division, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen RL, Wang Z, Huang P, Sun CH, Yu WY, Zhang HH, Yu CH, He JQ. Isovitexin potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin by inhibiting the glucose metabolism of lung cancer cells and reduced cisplatin-induced immunotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107357. [PMID: 33715980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased resistance and toxicity have become the main causes of chemotherapy failure for treating lung cancer. The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with other agents has been recognized as a promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Isovitexin (IVT) is a well-known flavone C-glycoside found in many plants and has attracted wide attention due to its obvious antitumor and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of IVX and cisplatin (DDP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and H1975 cells. The results showed that the combined treatment with IVT and DDP markedly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of the two NSCLC cells. Using a mouse model of A549 xenograft, IVT potentiated the inhibition of DDP on tumor growth, but reduced DDP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Remarkedly, IVT promoted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lectin- stimulated splenocyte proliferation, and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activities as well as the production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Furthermore, IVT significantly reduced glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP production, and downregulated the protein expressions of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated pathway in both A549 and H1975 cells. After the over-expression of PKM2 in the NSCLC cells, the synergistic antitumor effect of IVT and DDP was markedly weakened. Therefore, IVT not only inhibited cell proliferation and glucose metabolism via downregulating the expression of PKM2 to enhance the antitumor activity of DDP against lung cancer cells, and improved DDP-induced immunotoxicity in mice. It also presented a novel strategy to enhance the anti-tumor effect of platinum-based chemotherapy against NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apigenin/pharmacology
- Apigenin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/immunology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice, Nude
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thyroid Hormones/immunology
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ping Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Cai-Hua Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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28
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Zhu S, Guo Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Yin M, Chen X, Peng C. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:240-248. [PMID: 33246091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is a critical regulator in tumor metabolism. PKM2 has been demonstrated to overexpressed in various cancers and promoted proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. The errant expression of PKM2 has inspired people to investigate the function of PKM2 and the therapeutic potential in cancer. In addition, some studies have shown that the upregulation of PKM2 in tumor tissues is associated with the altered expression of lncRNAs and the poor survival. Therefore, researchers have begun to unravel the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated PKM2 expression in cancer metabolism. As the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in tumor development, it is necessary to identify the role of PKM2 in TME. In this review, we will introduce the role of PKM2 in different cancers as well as TME, and summarize the molecular mechanism of PKM2-related lncRNAs in cancer metabolism. We expect that this work will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2 that may help in developing therapeutic strategies in clinic for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Pan S, Fan M, Liu Z, Li X, Wang H. Serine, glycine and one‑carbon metabolism in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:158-170. [PMID: 33491748 PMCID: PMC7864012 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/glycine biosynthesis and one‑carbon metabolism are crucial in sustaining cancer cell survival and rapid proliferation, and of high clinical relevance. Excessive activation of serine/glycine biosynthesis drives tumorigenesis and provides a single carbon unit for one‑carbon metabolism. One‑carbon metabolism, which is a complex cyclic metabolic network based on the chemical reaction of folate compounds, provides the necessary proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules to support tumor growth. Moreover, one‑carbon metabolism also maintains the redox homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment and provides substrates for the methylation reaction. The present study reviews the role of key enzymes with tumor‑promoting functions and important intermediates that are physiologically relevant to tumorigenesis in serine/glycine/one‑carbon metabolism pathways. The related regulatory mechanisms of action of the key enzymes and important intermediates in tumors are also discussed. It is hoped that investigations into these pathways will provide new translational opportunities for human cancer drug development, dietary interventions, and biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Pan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Zhangnan Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Correspondence to: Dr Huijuan Wang or Dr Xia Li, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Correspondence to: Dr Huijuan Wang or Dr Xia Li, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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30
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Discovery of Functional Alternatively Spliced PKM Transcripts in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020348. [PMID: 33478099 PMCID: PMC7835739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pyruvate kinase muscle type (PKM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and is a mediator of the Warburg effect in tumors. The association of PKM with survival of cancer patients is controversial. In this study, we investigated the associations of the alternatively spliced transcripts of PKM with cancer patients’ survival outcomes and explained the conflicts in previous studies. We discovered three poorly studied alternatively spliced PKM transcripts that exhibited opposite prognostic indications in different human cancers based on integrative systems analysis. We also detected their protein products and explored their potential biological functions based on in-vitro experiments. Our analysis demonstrated that alternatively spliced transcripts of not only PKM but also other genes should be considered in cancer studies, since it may enable the discovery and targeting of the right protein product for development of the efficient treatment strategies. Abstract Pyruvate kinase muscle type (PKM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and plays an important oncological role in cancer. However, the association of PKM expression and the survival outcome of patients with different cancers is controversial. We employed systems biology methods to reveal prognostic value and potential biological functions of PKM transcripts in different human cancers. Protein products of transcripts were shown and detected by western blot and mass spectrometry analysis. We focused on different transcripts of PKM and investigated the associations between their mRNA expression and the clinical survival of the patients in 25 different cancers. We find that the transcripts encoding PKM2 and three previously unstudied transcripts, namely ENST00000389093, ENST00000568883, and ENST00000561609, exhibited opposite prognostic indications in different cancers. Moreover, we validated the prognostic effect of these transcripts in an independent kidney cancer cohort. Finally, we revealed that ENST00000389093 and ENST00000568883 possess pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity and may have functional roles in metabolism, cell invasion, and hypoxia response in cancer cells. Our study provided a potential explanation to the controversial prognostic indication of PKM, and could invoke future studies focusing on revealing the biological and oncological roles of these alternative spliced variants of PKM.
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31
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Tenen DG, Chai L, Tan JL. Metabolic alterations and vulnerabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:1-13. [PMID: 33747521 PMCID: PMC7962738 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a serious disease. It is ranked as the cancer with the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from transformed hepatocytes, is the major subtype of liver cancer. It accounts for 85% of total liver-cancer cases. An important aspect of HCC that has been actively studied is its metabolism. With the liver as the primary site of numerous metabolic processes in the body, it has been shown that the metabolism of HCC cells is highly dysregulated compared to that of normal hepatocytes. It is therefore crucial to understand the metabolic alterations caused by HCC and the underlying mechanisms for these alterations. This deeper understanding will allow diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will summarize the current literature in HCC metabolic alterations, induced vulnerabilities, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin L Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Jia J, Che L, Cigliano A, Wang X, Peitta G, Tao J, Zhong S, Ribback S, Evert M, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Pivotal Role of Fatty Acid Synthase in c-MYC Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228467. [PMID: 33187130 PMCID: PMC7696085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver malignancy with limited treatment options. Amplification and/or overexpression of c-MYC is one of the most frequent genetic events in human HCC. The mammalian target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major functional axis regulating various aspects of cellular growth and metabolism. Recently, we demonstrated that mTORC1 is necessary for c-Myc driven hepatocarcinogenesis as well as for HCC cell growth in vitro. Among the pivotal downstream effectors of mTORC1, upregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) and its mediated de novo lipogenesis is a hallmark of human HCC. Here, we investigated the importance of FASN on c-Myc-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches. In mouse and human HCC cells, we found that FASN suppression by either gene silencing or soluble inhibitors more effectively suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in the presence of high c-MYC expression. In c-Myc/Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) mouse liver tumor lesions, FASN expression was markedly upregulated. Most importantly, genetic ablation of Fasn profoundly delayed (without abolishing) c-Myc/MCL1 induced HCC formation. Liver tumors developing in c-Myc/MCL1 mice depleted of Fasn showed a reduction in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis when compared with corresponding lesions from c-Myc/MCL1 mice with an intact Fasn gene. In human HCC samples, a significant correlation between the levels of c-MYC transcriptional activity and the expression of FASN mRNA was detected. Altogether, our study indicates that FASN is an important effector downstream of mTORC1 in c-MYC induced HCC. Targeting FASN may be helpful for the treatment of human HCC, at least in the tumor subset displaying c-MYC amplification or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyuan Jia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Legend Biotech USA R&D Center, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Graziella Peitta
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (D.F.C.); Tel.: +1-415-502-6526 (X.C.); +39-079-228306 (D.F.C.)
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (D.F.C.); Tel.: +1-415-502-6526 (X.C.); +39-079-228306 (D.F.C.)
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Animal Models: A Useful Tool to Unveil Metabolic Changes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113318. [PMID: 33182674 PMCID: PMC7696782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an important health problem. At the moment, systemic therapies offered only modest clinical benefits. Thus, HCC represents a cancer extremely difficult to treat, and therapeutic breakthroughs are urgently needed. Metabolic reprogramming of neoplastic cells has been recognized as one of the core hallmarks of cancer. Experimental animal models represent an important tool that allows to investigate metabolic changes underlying HCC development and progression. In the present review, we characterize available rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that pharmacological targeting of Warburg metabolism may represent an additional tool to improve already available therapeutic approaches for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one the most frequent and lethal human cancers. At present, no effective treatment for advanced HCC exist; therefore, the overall prognosis for HCC patients remains dismal. In recent years, a better knowledge of the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of HCC development and progression, has led to the identification of novel potential targets for therapeutic strategies. However, the obtained benefits from current therapeutic options are disappointing. Altered cancer metabolism has become a topic of renewed interest in the last decades, and it has been included among the core hallmarks of cancer. In the light of growing evidence for metabolic reprogramming in cancer, a wide number of experimental animal models have been exploited to study metabolic changes characterizing HCC development and progression and to further expand our knowledge of this tumor. In the present review, we discuss several rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis, that contributed to elucidate the metabolic profile of HCC and the implications of these changes in modulating the aggressiveness of neoplastic cells. We also highlight the apparently contrasting results stemming from different animal models. Finally, we analyze whether these observations could be exploited to improve current therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Zhu K, Li Y, Deng C, Wang Y, Piao J, Lin Z, Chen L. Significant association of PKM2 and NQO1 proteins with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153173. [PMID: 32841776 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) have been known to play significant functions in tumorigenesis and development. The association between PKM2 and NQO1 in breast cancer continues, however, to be unclear. In the present study, according to UALCAN and GEPIA database, the mRNA levels of PKM2 and NQO1 in breast primary tumor were significantly higher compared to normal breast tissue. Consonant with these findings, increased expression of both PKM2 and NQO1 were detected in clinical samples and BC cell lines. More importantly, consolidated high expression of NQO1 and PKM2 were obtained to be related with worse clinical stage, relapse, shorter relapse free survival (RFS), and poorer overall survival (OS) in human breast cancer. We subsequently found that knockdown of NQO1 reduced the protein level of PKM2 significantly. Moreover, deletion of PKM2 significantly reduced colony formation, migration and invasion of BC cells. A positive correlation between PKM2 and NQO1 expression was identified by immunohistochemical analyses of 108 specimens of breast cancer patients (rs = 0.60, P = 0.00). Finally, endogenous Co-IP demonstrated that PKM2 and NQO1 interact in breast cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that the correlation between NQO1 and PKM2 might play a critical role during breast tumourigenesis and serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yue Li
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunling Deng
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China.
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35
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Chen X, Chen S, Yu D. Protein kinase function of pyruvate kinase M2 and cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:523. [PMID: 33292198 PMCID: PMC7597019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase is a terminal enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, where it catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and production of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. PKM2 is one of four isoforms of pyruvate kinase and is widely expressed in many types of tumors and associated with tumorigenesis. In addition to pyruvate kinase activity involving the metabolic pathway, increasing evidence demonstrates that PKM2 exerts a non-metabolic function in cancers. PKM2 has been shown to be translocated into nucleus, where it serves as a protein kinase to phosphorylate various protein targets and contribute to multiple physiopathological processes. We discuss the nuclear localization of PKM2, its protein kinase function and association with cancers, and regulation of PKM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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Feng J, Li J, Wu L, Yu Q, Ji J, Wu J, Dai W, Guo C. Emerging roles and the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:126. [PMID: 32631382 PMCID: PMC7336654 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer has become the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for up to 75–85% of primary liver cancers, and sorafenib is the first targeted drug for advanced HCC treatment. However, sorafenib resistance is common because of the resultant enhancement of aerobic glycolysis and other molecular mechanisms. Aerobic glycolysis was firstly found in HCC, acts as a hallmark of liver cancer and is responsible for the regulation of proliferation, immune evasion, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance in HCC. The three rate-limiting enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), and pyruvate kinases type M2 (PKM2) play an important role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in HCC and can be regulated by many mechanisms, such as the AMPK, PI3K/Akt pathway, HIF-1α, c-Myc and noncoding RNAs. Because of the importance of aerobic glycolysis in the progression of HCC, targeting key factors in its pathway such as the inhibition of HK2, PFK or PKM2, represent potential new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai, 200060, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, number 301, Middle Yanchang road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Pouliquen DL, Boissard A, Coqueret O, Guette C. Biomarkers of tumor invasiveness in proteomics (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:409-432. [PMID: 32468071 PMCID: PMC7307599 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, quantitative proteomics has emerged as an important tool for deciphering the complex molecular events involved in cancers. The number of references involving studies on the cancer metastatic process has doubled since 2010, while the last 5 years have seen the development of novel technologies combining deep proteome coverage capabilities with quantitative consistency and accuracy. To highlight key findings within this huge amount of information, the present review identified a list of tumor invasive biomarkers based on both the literature and data collected on a biocollection of experimental cell lines, tumor models of increasing invasiveness and tumor samples from patients with colorectal or breast cancer. Crossing these different data sources led to 76 proteins of interest out of 1,245 mentioned in the literature. Information on these proteins can potentially be translated into clinical prospects, since they represent potential targets for the development and evaluation of innovative therapies, alone or in combination. Herein, a systematical review of the biology of each of these proteins, including their specific subcellular/extracellular or multiple localizations is presented. Finally, as an important advantage of quantitative proteomics is the ability to provide data on all these molecules simultaneously in cell pellets, body fluids or paraffin‑embedded sections of tumors/invaded tissues, the significance of some of their interconnections is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Boissard
- Paul Papin ICO Cancer Center, CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, F‑44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Catherine Guette
- Paul Papin ICO Cancer Center, CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, F‑44000 Nantes, France
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38
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Méndez-Lucas A, Lin W, Driscoll PC, Legrave N, Novellasdemunt L, Xie C, Charles M, Wilson Z, Jones NP, Rayport S, Rodríguez-Justo M, Li V, MacRae JI, Hay N, Chen X, Yuneva M. Identifying strategies to target the metabolic flexibility of tumours. Nat Metab 2020; 2:335-350. [PMID: 32694609 PMCID: PMC7436715 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity of cancer metabolism can be a major obstacle to efficient targeting of tumour-specific metabolic vulnerabilities. Here, we identify the compensatory mechanisms following the inhibition of major pathways of central carbon metabolism in c-MYC-induced liver tumours. We find that, while inhibition of both glutaminase isoforms (Gls1 and Gls2) in tumours considerably delays tumourigenesis, glutamine catabolism continues, owing to the action of amidotransferases. Synergistic inhibition of both glutaminases and compensatory amidotransferases is required to block glutamine catabolism and proliferation of mouse and human tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. Gls1 deletion is also compensated for by glycolysis. Thus, co-inhibition of Gls1 and hexokinase 2 significantly affects Krebs cycle activity and tumour formation. Finally, the inhibition of biosynthesis of either serine (Psat1-KO) or fatty acid (Fasn-KO) is compensated for by uptake of circulating nutrients, and dietary restriction of both serine and glycine or fatty acids synergistically suppresses tumourigenesis. These results highlight the high flexibility of tumour metabolism and demonstrate that either pharmacological or dietary targeting of metabolic compensatory mechanisms can improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Lin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chencheng Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Mark Charles
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zena Wilson
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil P Jones
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vivian Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lin X, Xiao Z, Chen T, Liang SH, Guo H. Glucose Metabolism on Tumor Plasticity, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:317. [PMID: 32211335 PMCID: PMC7069415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells support tumor proliferation and progression by adopting to metabolic changes. Tumor cells altered metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the aerobic state and the presence of functioning mitochondria. Glucose metabolism in tumor plasticity has attracted great interests by clinicians and scientists in the past decades. This review discusses the previous and emerging researches on the tumor plasticity altered by changing glucose metabolism in different cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we summarize the rising applications of glucose metabolism in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Our objective is to direct future investigation on this altered metabolic phenotype and its application in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zizheng Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Sijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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40
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Wang P, Song X, Cao D, Cui K, Wang J, Utpatel K, Shang R, Wang H, Che L, Evert M, Zhao K, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Oncogene-dependent function of BRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32019910 PMCID: PMC7000409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of primary liver cancer. Genomic studies have revealed that HCC is a heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. BRG1, encoded by the SMARCA4 gene, is a key component of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes. Based on TCGA studies, somatic mutations of SMARCA4 occur in ~3% of human HCC samples. Additional studies suggest that BRG1 is overexpressed in human HCC specimens and may promote HCC growth and invasion. However, the precise functional roles of BRG1 in HCC remain poorly delineated. Here, we analyzed BRG1 in human HCC samples as well as in mouse models. We found that BRG1 is overexpressed in most of human HCC samples, especially in those associated with poorer prognosis. BRG1 expression levels positively correlate with cell cycle and negatively with metabolic pathways in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) human HCC data set. In a murine HCC model induced by c-MYC overexpression, ablation of the Brg1 gene completely repressed HCC formation. In striking contrast, however, we discovered that concomitant deletion of Brg1 and overexpression of c-Met or mutant NRas (NRASV12) triggered HCC formation in mice. Altogether, the present data indicate that BRG1 possesses both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing roles depending on the oncogenic stimuli during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kairong Cui
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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41
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Feng J, Dai W, Mao Y, Wu L, Li J, Chen K, Yu Q, Kong R, Li S, Zhang J, Ji J, Wu J, Mo W, Xu X, Guo C. Simvastatin re-sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib by inhibiting HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2-mediated glycolysis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:24. [PMID: 32000827 PMCID: PMC6993409 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary malignant tumor which usually progresses to an advanced stage because of late diagnosis. Sorafenib (Sora) is a first line medicine for advanced stage HCC; however, it has been faced with enormous resistance. Simvastatin (Sim) is a cholesterol-lowering drug and has been reported to inhibit tumor growth. The present study aims to determine whether Sora and Sim co-treatment can improve Sora resistance in HCC. METHODS The HCC cell line LM3 and an established Sora-resistant LM3 cell line (LM3-SR) were used to study the relationship between Sora resistance and aerobic glycolysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and glycolysis levels were analyzed by western blotting, flow cytometry analysis and biomedical tests. A xenograft model was also used to examine the effect of Sim in vivo. Detailed mechanistic studies were also undertaken by the use of activators and inhibitors, and lentivirus transfections. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the resistance to Sora was associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis levels. Furthermore, LM3-SR cells were more sensitive to Sim than LM3 cells, suggesting that combined treatment with both Sora and Sim could enhance the sensitivity of LM3-SR cells to Sora. This finding may be due to the suppression of the HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2 axis. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin can inhibit the HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2 axis, by suppressing PKM2-mediated glycolysis, resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in HCC cells, and re-sensitizing HCC cells to Sora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Yuqing Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Wenhui Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Ding Y, Xue Q, Liu S, Hu K, Wang D, Wang T, Li Y, Guo H, Hao X, Ge W, Zhang Y, Li A, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Identification of Parthenolide Dimers as Activators of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Xenografts of Glioblastoma Multiforme in Vivo. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1597-1611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Hu
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 3000710, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang S, Zheng W, Ji A, Zhang D, Zhou M. Overexpressed miR-122-5p Promotes Cell Viability, Proliferation, Migration And Glycolysis Of Renal Cancer By Negatively Regulating PKM2. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9701-9713. [PMID: 31814765 PMCID: PMC6863119 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s225742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Renal cancer is one of the most deadly urological malignancies. Currently, there is still a lack of effective treatment. Our purpose was to explore the mechanisms of miR-122-5p in renal cancer. Methods The expression levels of miR-122-5p and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in renal cancer cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Then, we measured the cell viability after knockdown of miR-122-5p and PKM2 using CCK-8 assay. Moreover, flow cytometry was used to investigate cell cycle and apoptosis of renal cancer cells. The cell migration of renal cancer cells transfected by miR-122-5p inhibitor and siPKM2 was then detected by wound healing assay. Furthermore, glucose consumption and lactate production were measured. Autophagy-related protein LCII/I was detected by Western blot. Results MiR-122-5p was upregulated in renal cancer cells compared to HK2 cells, especially in 786-O cells. We found that silencing miR-122-5p promoted PKM2 expression in 786-O cells. After transfection of siPKM2 or miR-122-5p inhibitor, the cell viability of 786-O cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the G1 phase of 786-O cells was significantly blocked, and the S phase was significantly increased. In addition, knockdown of miR-122-5p or PKM2 promoted renal cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration. Glucose consumption of 786-O cells was significantly increased after transfection by siPKM2. Silencing miR-122-5p significantly promoted the expression levels of LCII/I. Conclusion Our findings revealed that overexpressed miR-122-5p promotes renal cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, glycolysis and autophagy by negatively regulating PKM2, which provide a new insight for the development of renal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Alin Ji
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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45
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Xu Z, Xu M, Liu P, Zhang S, Shang R, Qiao Y, Che L, Ribback S, Cigliano A, Evert K, Pascale RM, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Chen X, Calvisi DF, Chen X. The mTORC2-Akt1 Cascade Is Crucial for c-Myc to Promote Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice and Humans. Hepatology 2019; 70:1600-1613. [PMID: 31062368 PMCID: PMC7195156 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer with limited treatment options. The c-Myc transcription factor is a pivotal player in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying c-Myc oncogenic activity in the liver remain poorly delineated. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) has been implicated in cancer by regulating multiple AGC kinases, especially AKT proteins. In the liver, AKT1 and AKT2 are widely expressed. While AKT2 is the major isoform downstream of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase and loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced HCC, the precise function of AKT1 in hepatocarcinogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that mTORC2 is activated in c-Myc-driven mouse HCC, leading to phosphorylation/activation of Akt1 but not Akt2. Ablation of Rictor inhibited c-Myc-induced HCC formation in vivo. Mechanistically, we discovered that loss of Akt1, but not Akt2, completely prevented c-Myc HCC formation in mice. Silencing of Rictor or Akt1 in c-Myc HCC cell lines inhibited phosphorylated forkhead box o1 expression and strongly suppressed cell growth in vitro. In human HCC samples, c-MYC activation is strongly correlated with phosphorylated AKT1 expression. Higher expression of RICTOR and AKT1, but not AKT2, is associated with poor survival of patients with HCC. In c-Myc mice, while rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, had limited efficacy at preventing c-Myc-driven HCC progression, the dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor MLN0128 effectively promoted tumor regression by inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusion: Our study indicates the functional contribution of mTORC2/Akt1 along c-Myc-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, with AKT1 and AKT2 having distinct roles in HCC development and progression; targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 may be required for effective treatment of human HCC displaying c-Myc amplification or overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Pin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosa M. Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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46
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Wu Z, Wu J, Zhao Q, Fu S, Jin J. Emerging roles of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:631-646. [PMID: 31359335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Altered aerobic glycolysis is a well-recognized characteristic of cancer cell energy metabolism, known as the Warburg effect. Even in the presence of abundant oxygen, a majority of tumor cells produce substantial amounts of energy through a high glycolytic metabolism, and breast cancer (BC) is no exception. Breast cancer continues to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. However, the precise role of aerobic glycolysis in the development of BC remains elusive. Therefore, the present review attempts to address the implication of key enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose transporters (GLUTs), together with related signaling pathways including protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transcription factors (c-myc, p53 and HIF-1) in the research of BC. Thus, the review of aerobic glycolysis in BC may evoke novel ideas for the BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - S Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Xiong F, Guo C. The role of Wnt signaling pathway in tumor metabolic reprogramming. J Cancer 2019; 10:3789-3797. [PMID: 31333796 PMCID: PMC6636296 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors is a complex process involving long-term multi-factor participation. In this process, tumor cells from a set of abnormal metabolic patterns that are different from normal cells. This abnormal metabolic change is called metabolic reprogramming of tumors. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the critical signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that Wnt signaling participates in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors by affecting metabolic reprogramming. This paper reviews the role of Wnt signaling in tumor metabolic reprogramming to provide crucial theoretical guidance for targeted therapy and drug response of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Liting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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48
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Kim Y, Lee YS, Kang SW, Kim S, Kim TY, Lee SH, Hwang SW, Kim J, Kim EN, Ju JS, Park YY, Kweon MN. Loss of PKM2 in Lgr5 + intestinal stem cells promotes colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6212. [PMID: 30996297 PMCID: PMC6470145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), the key glycolytic enzyme, influence altered energy metabolism including glycolysis in cancer. In this study, we found that PKM2 was highly expressed in patients with ulcerative colitis or colorectal cancer (CRC). We then investigated the effectiveness of conditionally ablating PKM2 in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISC) using a mouse model of colitis-associated CRC (AOM plus DSS). Tamoxifen-inducible Lgr5-driven deletion of PKM2 in ISC (PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx) significantly promoted tumor incidence and size in the colon and lower body weight compared with findings in vehicle-treated mice (PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh). Histopathologic analysis revealed considerable high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in the colon of PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice while PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh mice had low- and high-grade dysplasia. Loss of PKM2 was associated with dominant expression of PKM1 in Lgr5+ ISC and their progeny cells. Further, the organoid-forming efficiency of whole cancer cells or Lgr5+ cells obtained from colon polyps of PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice was significantly increased when compared with PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh mice. Cancer organoids from PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice exhibited increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and a shift of metabolites involved in energy metabolism. These findings suggest that loss of PKM2 function in ISC promotes colitis-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kang
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungil Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Ju
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Amin S, Yang P, Li Z. Pyruvate kinase M2: A multifarious enzyme in non-canonical localization to promote cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:331-341. [PMID: 30826427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rewiring glucose metabolism, termed as Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, is a common signature of cancer cells to meet their high energetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid growth and proliferation. Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is a key player in such metabolic reshuffle, which functions as a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme in the cytosol of highly-proliferative cancer cells. During the recent decades, PKM2 has been extensively studied in non-canonical localizations such as nucleus, mitochondria, and extracellular secretion, and pertained to novel biological functions in tumor progression. Such functions of PKM2 open a new avenue for cancer researchers. This review summarizes up-to-date functions of PKM2 at various subcellular localizations of cancer cells and draws attention to the translocation of PKM2 from cytosol into the nucleus induced by posttranslational modifications. Moreover, PKM2 in tumor cells could have an important role in resistance acquisition processes against various chemotherapeutic drugs, which have raised a concern on PKM2 as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, we summarize the current status and future perspectives to improve the potential of PKM2 as a therapeutic target for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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50
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Gao S, Chen M, Wei W, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yao Y, Lv Y, Ling T, Wang L, Zou X. Crosstalk of mTOR/PKM2 and STAT3/c-Myc signaling pathways regulate the energy metabolism and acidic microenvironment of gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1193-1202. [PMID: 30417413 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells consume large amounts of glucose to produce lactate, even in the presence of ample oxygen. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect. c-Myc is an important member of the Myc gene family and is involved in the development of various tumors. It plays an important role in the regulation of tumor energy metabolism, which can regulate glycolysis to promote the Warburg effect in a tumor. Our study aimed to improve the malignant biological behavior by controlling the energy metabolism of gastric cancer through the mTOR/PKM2 and signal transduction and activator 3 (STAT3)/c-Myc signaling pathways through a series of in vitro experiments. Human gastric cancer AGS and HGC-27 cells were treated with PKM2 and c-Myc lentivirus, and the effects of the knockdown of PKM2 and/or c-Myc were analyzed on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, the ability of cell migration, and the growth signaling pathway in vitro. The expressions of PKM2, c-Myc, LDHA, STAT3, P-STAT3, GLUT-1 gene were identified by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Lactate and glucose levels were tested by the corresponding kit. Our findings showed that PKM2 and c-Myc were upregulated in human gastric cancer. Knockdown of c-Myc in gastric cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation capacity and glycolysis level, and the inhibitory effects on gastric cancer cells upon co-knockdown of PKM2 and c-Myc were more obvious compared with knockout of PKM2 or c-Myc alone. And there was a correlation between the mTOR/PKM2 and the STAT3/c-Myc signaling pathways. Our results suggested that c-Myc might be considered a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer and PKM2 combined with c-Myc could better inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tingsheng Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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