1
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Sun H, Gao Y, Ma X, Deng Y, Bi L, Li L. Mechanism and application of feedback loops formed by mechanotransduction and histone modifications. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101061. [PMID: 39071110 PMCID: PMC11282412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation is the key physical factor in cell environment. Mechanotransduction acts as a fundamental regulator of cell behavior, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and exhibiting specific signature alterations during the pathological process. As research continues, the role of epigenetic science in mechanotransduction is attracting attention. However, the molecular mechanism of the synergistic effect between mechanotransduction and epigenetics in physiological and pathological processes has not been clarified. We focus on how histone modifications, as important components of epigenetics, are coordinated with multiple signaling pathways to control cell fate and disease progression. Specifically, we propose that histone modifications can form regulatory feedback loops with signaling pathways, that is, histone modifications can not only serve as downstream regulators of signaling pathways for target gene transcription but also provide feedback to regulate signaling pathways. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic changes could be potential markers and therapeutic targets in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yafang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yizhou Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lintao Bi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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2
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Zhang X, Sun K, Gan R, Yan Y, Zhang C, Zheng D, Lu Y. WNT3 promotes chemoresistance to 5-Fluorouracil in oral squamous cell carcinoma via activating the canonical β-catenin pathway. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:564. [PMID: 38711026 PMCID: PMC11071218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a primary chemotherapeutic agent used to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the development of drug resistance has significantly limited its clinical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and identify effective targets. In recent years, the Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) signaling pathway has been increasingly studied in cancer drug resistance; however, the role of WNT3, a ligand of the canonical WNT signaling pathway, in OSCC 5FU-resistance is not clear. This study delved into this potential connection. METHODS 5FU-resistant cell lines were established by gradually elevating the drug concentration in the culture medium. Differential gene expressions between parental and resistant cells underwent RNA sequencing analysis, which was then substantiated via Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot tests. The influence of the WNT signaling on OSCC chemoresistance was ascertained through WNT3 knockdown or overexpression. The WNT inhibitor methyl 3-benzoate (MSAB) was probed for its capacity to boost 5FU efficacy. RESULTS In this study, the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway was notably activated in 5FU-resistant OSCC cell lines, which was confirmed through transcriptome sequencing analysis, RT-qPCR, and western blot verification. Additionally, the key ligand responsible for pathway activation, WNT3, was identified. By knocking down WNT3 in resistant cells or overexpressing WNT3 in parental cells, we found that WNT3 promoted 5FU-resistance in OSCC. In addition, the WNT inhibitor MSAB reversed 5FU-resistance in OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS These data underscored the activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in resistant cells and identified the promoting effect of WNT3 upregulation on 5FU-resistance in oral squamous carcinoma. This may provide a new therapeutic strategy for reversing 5FU-resistance in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Kairui Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Ruihuan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Chaochao Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Youguang Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Provincial Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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3
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Karakatsanis NM, Hamey JJ, Wilkins MR. Taking Me away: the function of phosphorylation on histone lysine demethylases. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:257-276. [PMID: 38233282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) regulate eukaryotic gene transcription by catalysing the removal of methyl groups from histone proteins. These enzymes are intricately regulated by the kinase signalling system in response to internal and external stimuli. Here, we review the mechanisms by which kinase-mediated phosphorylation influence human histone KDM function. These include the changing of histone KDM subcellular localisation or chromatin binding, the altering of protein half-life, changes to histone KDM complex formation that result in histone demethylation, non-histone demethylation or demethylase-independent effects, and effects on histone KDM complex dissociation. We also explore the structural context of phospho-sites on histone KDMs and evaluate how this relates to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Karakatsanis
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua J Hamey
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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4
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Emerging trends in post-translational modification: Shedding light on Glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188999. [PMID: 37858622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent multi-omics studies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics have revealed the critical role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the progression and pathogenesis of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Further, PTMs alter the oncogenic signaling events and offer a novel avenue in GBM therapeutics research through PTM enzymes as potential biomarkers for drug targeting. In addition, PTMs are critical regulators of chromatin architecture, gene expression, and tumor microenvironment (TME), that play a crucial function in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enhances GBM therapeutics research through the identification of novel PTM enzymes and residues. Herein, we briefly explain the mechanism of protein modifications in GBM etiology, and in altering the biologics of GBM cells through chromatin remodeling, modulation of the TME, and signaling pathways. In addition, we highlighted the importance of PTM enzymes as therapeutic biomarkers and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in protein PTM prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological, University, India.
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5
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Hou Y, Yu W, Wu G, Wang Z, Leng S, Dong M, Li N, Chen L. Carcinogenesis promotion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: KDM4A complex-mediated gene transcriptional suppression by LEF1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:510. [PMID: 37553362 PMCID: PMC10409759 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent cancer of the mouth, characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Hence, an urgent need exists for the development of predictive targets for early diagnosis, prognosis determination, and clinical therapy. Dysregulation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), an important transcription factor involved in the Wnt-β-catenin pathway, contributes to the poor prognosis of OSCC. Herein, we aimed to explore the correlation between LEF1 and histone lysine demethylase 4 A (KDM4A). Results show that the KDM4A complex is recruited by LEF1 and specifically binds the LATS2 promoter region, thereby inhibiting its expression, and consequently promoting cell proliferation and impeding apoptosis in OSCC. We also established NOD/SCID mouse xenograft models using CAL-27 cells to conduct an in vivo analysis of the roles of LEF1 and KDM4A in tumour growth, and our findings show that cells stably suppressing LEF1 or KDM4A have markedly decreased tumour-initiating capacity. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that LEF1 plays a pivotal role in OSCC development and has potential to serve as a target for early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China
| | - Zhaoling Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuai Leng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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6
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Young D, Guha C, Sidoli S. The role of histone H3 lysine demethylases in glioblastoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:445-454. [PMID: 37286866 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with an average survival of 15-18 months. Part of its malignancy derives from epigenetic regulation that occurs as the tumor develops and after therapeutic treatment. Specifically, enzymes involved in removing methylations from histone proteins on chromatin, i.e., lysine demethylases (KDMs), have a significant impact on GBM biology and reoccurrence. This knowledge has paved the way to considering KDMs as potential targets for GBM treatment. For example, increases in trimethylation of histone H3 on the lysine 9 residue (H3K9me3) via inhibition of KDM4C and KDM7A has been shown to lead to cell death in Glioblastoma initiating cells. KDM6 has been shown to drive Glioma resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and its inhibition decreases tumor resistance. In addition, increased expression of the histone methyltransferase MLL4 and UTX histone demethylase are associated with prolonged survival in a subset of GBM patients, potentially by regulating histone methylation on the promoter of the mgmt gene. Thus, the complexity of how histone modifiers contribute to glioblastoma pathology and disease progression is yet to be fully understood. To date, most of the current work on histone modifying enzymes in GBM are centered upon histone H3 demethylase enzymes. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of histone H3 demethylase enzymes in Glioblastoma tumor biology and therapy resistance. The objective of this work is to highlight the current and future potential areas of research for GBM epigenetics therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejauwne Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York City, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York City, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pathology, Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York City, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York City, NY, 10461, USA.
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7
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Zeng Z, Li Z, Xue J, Xue H, Liu Z, Zhang W, Liu H, Xu S. KDM4C silencing inhibits cell migration and enhances radiosensitivity by inducing CXCL2 transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:137. [PMID: 37117173 PMCID: PMC10147924 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
KDM4C, which is a histone lysine demethylase, has been proposed to participate in the malignant transformation and progression of several types of cancer. However, its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Here, we find that KDM4C protein expression is increased in HCC and promotes HCC cell growth, proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we provide evidence that depletion of KDM4C leads to a defective G2/M checkpoint, increases radiation-induced DNA damage, impairs DNA repair and enhances radiosensitivity in HCC cells. Using RNA sequencing, we identify that the chemokine CXCL2 is a downstream effector of KDM4C. KDM4C knockdown increases the binding of H3K36me3 to the promoter of CXCL2, thus upregulating CXCL2 expression and promoting CXCL2 secretion in HCC cells. Importantly, the observed effects of KDM4C depletion in HCC cells can be partially rescued by CXCL2 silencing. Thus, our findings reveal that KDM4C is involved in cell migration and radiosensitivity by modulating CXCL2 transcription, indicating that KDM4C may be a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Huichan Xue
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Hao J, Han X, Huang H, Yu X, Fang J, Zhao J, Prayson RA, Bao S, Yu JS. Sema3C signaling is an alternative activator of the canonical WNT pathway in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2262. [PMID: 37080989 PMCID: PMC10119166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, underscoring it as a therapeutic target. Wnt inhibitors have uniformly failed in clinical trials. Here, we report a mechanism of WNT pathway activation through the Semaphorin 3 C neurodevelopmental program in glioma stem-like cells. Sema3C directs β-catenin nuclear accumulation in a Rac1-dependent process, leading to transactivation of Wnt target genes. Sema3C-driven Wnt signaling occurred despite suppression of Wnt ligand secretion, suggesting that Sema3C drives canonical Wnt signaling independent of Wnt ligand binding. In a mouse model of glioblastoma, combined depletion of Sema3C and β-catenin partner TCF1 extended animal survival more than single target inhibition alone. In human glioblastoma, Sema3C expression and Wnt pathway activation were highly concordant. Since Sema3C is frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma, Sema3C signaling may be a significant mechanism of resistance to upstream Wnt pathway inhibitors. Dual targeting of Sema3C and Wnt pathways may achieve clinically significant Wnt pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiangzi Han
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Haidong Huang
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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9
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Wu B, Shi X, Jiang M, Liu H. Cross-talk between cancer stem cells and immune cells: potential therapeutic targets in the tumor immune microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 36810098 PMCID: PMC9942413 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor progression, recurrence and chemoresistance due to their typical stemness characteristics. CSCs are preferentially distributed in niches, and those niche sites exhibit characteristics typical of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complex interactions between CSCs and TME illustrate these synergistic effects. The phenotypic heterogeneity within CSCs and the spatial interactions with the surrounding tumor microenvironment led to increased therapeutic challenges. CSCs interact with immune cells to protect themselves against immune clearance by exploiting the immunosuppressive function of multiple immune checkpoint molecules. CSCs also can protect themselves against immune surveillance by excreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), growth factors, metabolites and cytokines into the TME, thereby modulating the composition of the TME. Therefore, these interactions are also being considered for the therapeutic development of anti-tumor agents. We discuss here the immune molecular mechanisms of CSCs and comprehensively review the interplay between CSCs and the immune system. Thus, studies on this topic seem to provide novel ideas for reinvigorating therapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- grid.459742.90000 0004 1798 5889Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 China
| | - Xiang Shi
- grid.459742.90000 0004 1798 5889Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032 China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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10
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Zhao P, Malik S. The phosphorylation to acetylation/methylation cascade in transcriptional regulation: how kinases regulate transcriptional activities of DNA/histone-modifying enzymes. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:83. [PMID: 35659740 PMCID: PMC9164400 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors directly regulate gene expression by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences, involving the dynamic alterations of chromatin structure and the formation of a complex with different kinds of cofactors, like DNA/histone modifying-enzymes, chromatin remodeling factors, and cell cycle factors. Despite the significance of transcription factors, it remains unclear to determine how these cofactors are regulated to cooperate with transcription factors, especially DNA/histone modifying-enzymes. It has been known that DNA/histone modifying-enzymes are regulated by post-translational modifications. And the most common and important modification is phosphorylation. Even though various DNA/histone modifying-enzymes have been classified and partly explained how phosphorylated sites of these enzymes function characteristically in recent studies. It still needs to find out the relationship between phosphorylation of these enzymes and the diseases-associated transcriptional regulation. Here this review describes how phosphorylation affects the transcription activity of these enzymes and other functions, including protein stability, subcellular localization, binding to chromatin, and interaction with other proteins.
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11
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Roy A, Padhi SS, Khyriem I, Nikose S, Sankar S. H H, Bharathavikru RS. Resetting the epigenome: Methylation dynamics in cancer stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:909424. [PMID: 36225315 PMCID: PMC9549938 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.909424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell pluripotency and differentiation has shown the crucial role that methylation plays in this process. DNA methylation has been shown to be important in the context of developmental pathways, and the role of histone methylation in establishment of the bivalent state of genes is equally important. Recent studies have shed light on the role of RNA methylation changes in stem cell biology. The dynamicity of these methylation changes not only regulates the effective maintenance of pluripotency or differentiation, but also provides an amenable platform for perturbation by cellular stress pathways that are inherent in immune responses such as inflammation or oncogenic programs involving cancer stem cells. We summarize the recent research on the role of methylation dynamics and how it is reset during differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiendrila Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Transit campus (Govt. ITI Building), Berhampur, Odisha, India
- EMBL, Rome, Italy
| | - Swati Shree Padhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Transit campus (Govt. ITI Building), Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Ibakordor Khyriem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Transit campus (Govt. ITI Building), Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Saket Nikose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harsha Sankar S. H
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Transit campus (Govt. ITI Building), Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Ruthrotha Selvi Bharathavikru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur, Transit campus (Govt. ITI Building), Berhampur, Odisha, India
- *Correspondence: Ruthrotha Selvi Bharathavikru,
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12
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Wang D, Gao S, Qian H, Yuan P, Zhang B. Prognostic Value of Copy Number Alteration Burden in Early-Stage Breast Cancer and the Construction of an 11-Gene Copy Number Alteration Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4145. [PMID: 36077687 PMCID: PMC9454926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of breast cancer has prompted a wide range of researchers to search for new prognostic markers. Considering that tumor mutation burden (TMB) is low and copy number alteration burden (CNAB) is high in breast cancer, we built a CNAB-based model using a public database and validated it with a Chinese population. We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 31 breast cancer patients who were treated between 2010 and 2014 at the National Cancer Center (CICAMS). METABRIC and TCGA data were downloaded via cBioPortal. In total, 2295 patients with early-stage breast cancer were enrolled in the study, including 1427 in the METABRIC cohort, 837 in the TCGA cohort, and 31 in the CICAMS cohort. Based on the ROC curve, we consider 2.2 CNA/MBp as the threshold for the CNAB-high and CNAB-low groupings. In both the TCGA cohort and the CICAMS cohort, CNAB-high had a worse prognosis than CNAB-low. We further simplified this model by establishing a prognostic nomogram for early breast cancer patients by 11 core genes, and this nomogram was highly effective in both the TCGA cohort and the CICAMS cohort. We hope that this model will subsequently help clinicians with prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Songlin Gao
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bailin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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13
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Wu Q, Young B, Wang Y, Davidoff AM, Rankovic Z, Yang J. Recent Advances with KDM4 Inhibitors and Potential Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9564-9579. [PMID: 35838529 PMCID: PMC9531573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) family plays an important role in regulating gene transcription, DNA repair, and metabolism. The dysregulation of KDM4 functions is associated with many human disorders, including cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Selective and potent KDM4 inhibitors may help not only to understand the role of KDM4 in these disorders but also to provide potential therapeutic opportunities. Here, we provide an overview of the field and discuss current status, challenges, and opportunities lying ahead in the development of KDM4-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Brandon Young
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Occupational Disease, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266044, China
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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14
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KDM4C Contributes to Trophoblast-Like Stem Cell Conversion from Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (piPSCs) Via Regulating CDX2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147586. [PMID: 35886932 PMCID: PMC9323581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ESRRB-regulating porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) converted to trophoblast-like stem cells (TLSCs) contribute to the understanding of early embryo development. However, the epigenetic modification regulation network during the conversion is poorly understood. Here, the global change in histone H3 Lysine 4, 9, 27, 36 methylation and Lysine 27 acetylation was investigated in piPSCs and TLSCs. We found a high modification profile of H3K36me2 in TLSCs compared to that of piPSCs, whereas the profiles of other modifications remained constant. KDM4C, a H3K36me3/2 demethylase, whose gene body region was combined with ESRRB, was upregulated in TLSCs. Moreover, KDM4 inhibitor supplementation rescued the AP-negative phenotype observed in TLSCs, confirming that KDM4C could regulate the pluripotency of TLSCs. Subsequently, KDM4C replenishment results show the significantly repressed proliferation and AP-positive staining of TLSCs. The expressions of CDX2 and KRT8 were also upregulated after KDM4C overexpression. In summary, these results show that KDM4C replaced the function of ESRRB. These findings reveal the unique and crucial role of KDM4C-mediated epigenetic chromatin modifications in determination of piPSCs’ fate and expand the understanding of the connection between piPSCs and TSCs.
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15
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Kumar VE, Nambiar R, De Souza C, Nguyen A, Chien J, Lam KS. Targeting Epigenetic Modifiers of Tumor Plasticity and Cancer Stem Cell Behavior. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091403. [PMID: 35563709 PMCID: PMC9102449 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity poses one of the greatest challenges to a successful treatment of cancer. Tumor cell populations consist of different subpopulations that have distinct phenotypic and genotypic profiles. Such variability poses a challenge in successfully targeting all tumor subpopulations at the same time. Relapse after treatment has been previously explained using the cancer stem cell model and the clonal evolution model. Cancer stem cells are an important subpopulation of tumor cells that regulate tumor plasticity and determine therapeutic resistance. Tumor plasticity is controlled by genetic and epigenetic changes of crucial genes involved in cancer cell survival, growth and metastasis. Targeting epigenetic modulators associated with cancer stem cell survival can unlock a promising therapeutic approach in completely eradicating cancer. Here, we review various factors governing epigenetic dysregulation of cancer stem cells ranging from the role of epigenetic mediators such as histone and DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases to various signaling pathways associated with cancer stem cell regulation. We also discuss current treatment regimens targeting these factors and other promising inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwari Easwar Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Roshni Nambiar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Cristabelle De Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Audrey Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (V.E.K.); (R.N.); (C.D.S.); (A.N.); (K.S.L.)
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16
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Lu CH, Wei ST, Liu JJ, Chang YJ, Lin YF, Yu CS, Chang SLY. Recognition of a Novel Gene Signature for Human Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084157. [PMID: 35456975 PMCID: PMC9029857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common malignant and incurable brain tumors. The identification of a gene signature for GBM may be helpful for its diagnosis, treatment, prediction of prognosis and even the development of treatments. In this study, we used the GSE108474 database to perform GSEA and machine learning analysis, and identified a 33-gene signature of GBM by examining astrocytoma or non-GBM glioma differential gene expression. The 33 identified signature genes included the overexpressed genes COL6A2, ABCC3, COL8A1, FAM20A, ADM, CTHRC1, PDPN, IBSP, MIR210HG, GPX8, MYL9 and PDLIM4, as well as the underexpressed genes CHST9, CSDC2, ENHO, FERMT1, IGFN1, LINC00836, MGAT4C, SHANK2 and VIPR2. Protein functional analysis by CELLO2GO implied that these signature genes might be involved in regulating various aspects of biological function, including anatomical structure development, cell proliferation and adhesion, signaling transduction and many of the genes were annotated in response to stress. Of these 33 signature genes, 23 have previously been reported to be functionally correlated with GBM; the roles of the remaining 10 genes in glioma development remain unknown. Our results were the first to reveal that GBM exhibited the overexpressed GPX8 gene and underexpressed signature genes including CHST9, CSDC2, ENHO, FERMT1, IGFN1, LINC00836, MGAT4C and SHANK2, which might play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis of different gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Lu
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (J.-J.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Sheng Yu
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan;
| | - Sunny Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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17
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Jie X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Yang X, Xu Y, Wang J, Meng R, Zhang S, Dong X, Zhang T, Yang K, Xu S, Wu G. Targeting KDM4C enhances CD8 + T cell mediated antitumor immunity by activating chemokine CXCL10 transcription in lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003716. [PMID: 35121645 PMCID: PMC8819819 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proven to achieve a persistent therapeutic response in various tumor types, only 20%–40% of patients benefit from this treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) can enhance tumor immunogenicity and improve the ICB response, but the outcome achieved by combining these two modalities remains clinically unsatisfactory. We previously uncovered that lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C) is a regulator of radiosensitivity in lung cancer. However, the role of KDM4C in antitumor immunity has not yet been investigated. Methods Infiltrating immune cells in our mouse tumor model were screened by flow cytometry. An in vivo subcutaneous transplanted tumor model and in vitro conditioned culture model were constructed to detect the quantitative and functional changes in CD8+ T cells. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assays were used to explore the downstream regulatory mechanism of KDM4C in antitumor immunity. A C57BL/6 mouse tumor model was developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a triple therapy (the KDM4C-specific inhibitor SD70 plus RT and an anti-PD-L1 antibody) in lung cancer in vivo. Results Genetical or pharmacological inhibition of KDM4C specifically increased CD8+ T cell infiltration; promoted the proliferation, migration and activation of CD8+ T cells; and alleviated CD8+ T cell exhaustion in mouse tumor tissues. Mechanistically, KDM4C inhibition increased the binding of H3K36me3 to the CXCL10 promoter region, thus inducing CXCL10 transcription and enhancing the CD8+ T cell mediated antitumor immune response. More importantly, among the tested regimens, the triple therapy achieved the best therapeutic efficacy with tolerable toxicity in lung cancer. Conclusions Our data reveal a crucial role for KDM4C in antitumor immunity in lung cancer and indicate that targeting KDM4C in combination with radioimmunotherapy might be a promising synergistic strategy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunshang Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xijie Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingzhuo Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Pyrvinium pamoate regulates MGMT expression through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to enhance the glioblastoma sensitivity to temozolomide. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:288. [PMID: 34642308 PMCID: PMC8511032 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstream chemotherapeutic drug for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance to TMZ has become the leading clinical concern, which is related to the repair of DNA alkylation sites by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Pyrvinium pamoate (PP), the FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, has been reported to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway within numerous cancer types, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can modulate the expression of MGMT gene. However, whether PP affects the expression of MGMT and enhances TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that PP and TMZ had synergistic effect on inhibiting the viability of GBM cells, and PP induced inhibition of MGMT and enhanced the TMZ chemosensitivity of GBM cells through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the overexpression of MGMT or β-catenin weakened the synergy between PP and TMZ. The mechanism of PP in inhibiting the Wnt pathway was indicated that PP resulted in the degradation of β-catenin via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Moreover, Ser552 phosphorylation in β-catenin, which promotes its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, is blocked by PP that also inhibits the Wnt pathway to some extent. The intracranial GBM mouse model also demonstrated that the synergy between PP and TMZ could be achieved through down-regulating β-catenin and MGMT, which prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data suggest that PP may serve as the prospect medicine to improve the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM, especially for chemoresistant to TMZ induced by MGMT overexpression.
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19
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Wu W, Klockow JL, Zhang M, Lafortune F, Chang E, Jin L, Wu Y, Daldrup-Link HE. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105780. [PMID: 34302977 PMCID: PMC8384724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant, primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic heterogeneity, and protection by the blood brain barrier (BBB) have posed great treatment challenges. The standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The robust DNA repair and self-renewing capabilities of glioblastoma cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs), respectively, promote resistance against all current treatment modalities. Thus, durable GBM management will require the invention of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches. To date, medical imaging is primarily used to determine the location, size and macroscopic morphology of GBM before, during, and after therapy. In the future, molecular and cellular imaging approaches will more dynamically monitor the expression of molecular targets and/or immune responses in the tumor, thereby enabling more immediate adaptation of tumor-tailored, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica L Klockow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Famyrah Lafortune
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linchun Jin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bayern 81675, Germany
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Feng F, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Wu X, Heng X. CUX1 Facilitates the Development of Oncogenic Properties Via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:705008. [PMID: 34422906 PMCID: PMC8377541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.705008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Homeobox cut like 1 (CUX1), which often presents aberrated expression in many cancer cells, exerts a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Evidence describing CUX1 in gliomagenesis is scarce, and the effects of CUX1 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have not been reported. Our study aimed to explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms involved in CUX1 activity in glioma. Methods: Datasets for bioinformatics analysis were obtained from the GEO, TCGA, CGGA, GTEX and CCLE databases. qRT-PCR, western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were used to investigate the expression patterns of CUX1 among glioma and brain tissues. CUX1 knockdown and overexpression vectors were transfected into glioma cell lines, the CCK-8, clone formation assay, wound healing, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to detect changes in cell viability, invasiveness, and the cell cycle. WB and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were used to explore changes in cell cycle-related and Wnt/β-catenin signaling protein levels. Results: Overexpression of CUX1 was identified in glioma tissues, and especially in glioblastoma (GBM), when compared to normal controls and correlated with poor prognosis. In comparison with untreated cells, TJ905 glioma cells overexpressing CUX1 showed higher proliferation and invasion abilities and S phase cell-cycle arrest, while the knockdown of CUX1 suppressed cell invasive ability and induced G1 phase arrest. Active Wnt/β-catenin signaling was enriched and clustered in a CUX1-associated GSEA/GSVA analysis. IF and WB assays indicated that CUX1 regulated the distribution of Axin2/β-catenin in glioma cells and regulated the expression of proteins downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that CUX1 served as an upstream positive regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Finally, the knockdown of Axin2 or β-catenin could reverse the tumor-promoting effects caused by CUX1 overexpression, suggesting that CUX1 induced gliomagenesis and malignant phenotype by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the transcription factor CUX1 could be a novel therapeutic target for glioma with gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanhao Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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21
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Li SZ, Ren KX, Zhao J, Wu S, Li J, Zang J, Fei Z, Zhao JL. miR-139/PDE2A-Notch1 feedback circuit represses stemness of gliomas by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3508-3521. [PMID: 34512162 PMCID: PMC8416740 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The malignant phenotypes of glioblastomas (GBMs) are primarily attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Our previous study and other reports have suggested that both miR-139 and its host gene PDE2A are putative antitumor genes in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-139/PDE2A in GSC modulation. Methods: Clinical samples were used to determine miR-139/PDE2A expression. Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (PD-GSCs) were stimulated for immunofluorescent staining, sphere formation assays and orthotopic GBM xenograft models. Bioinformatic analysis and further in vitro experiments demonstrated the downstream molecular mechanisms of miR-139 and PDE2A. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome (OCP) was constructed to deliver miR-139 or PDE2A into glioma tissue specifically. Results: We demonstrated that miR-139 was concomitantly transcribed with its host gene PDE2A. Both PDE2A and miR-139 indicated better prognosis of gliomas and were inversely correlated with GSC stemness. PDE2A or miR-139 overexpression suppressed the stemness of PD-GSCs. FZD3 and β-catenin, which induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, were identified as targets of miR-139 and mediated the effects of miR-139 on GSCs. Meanwhile, PDE2A suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting cAMP accumulation and GSK-3β phosphorylation, thereby modulating the self-renewal of PD-GSCs. Notably, Notch1, which is also a target of miR-139, suppressed PDE2A/miR-139 expression directly via downstream Hes1, indicating that miR-139 promoted its own expression by the miR-139-Notch1/Hes1 feedback circuit. Expectedly, targeted overexpression miR-139 or PDE2A in glioma with OCP system significantly repressed the stemness and decelerated glioma progression. Conclusions: Our findings elaborate on the inhibitory functions of PDE2A and miR-139 on GSC stemness and tumorigenesis, which may provide new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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22
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Bryukhovetskiy I, Kosianova A, Zaitsev S, Pak O, Sharma A, Sharma HS. Glioblastoma: What can we do for these patients today and what will we be able to do in the future? PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:99-118. [PMID: 34560928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive primary human brain tumor. The median survival of GBM patients is 15 months in case of completing the modern complex treatment protocol. Chemotherapy can help to extend the life expectancy of patients. GBM treatment resistance is associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present paper analyses the main reasons for ineffectiveness of the existing GBM treatment methods and suggests treating CSCs as a complex phenomenon, resulting from the coordinated interaction of normal stem cells and cancer cells (CCs) in immunosuppressive microsurroundings. The GBM treatment strategy is suggested not for only suppressing strategically important signaling pathways in CCs, but also for regulating interaction between normal stem cells and cancer cells. The paper considers the issue of controlling penetrability of the blood-brain barrier that is one of the main challenges in neuro-oncology. Also, the paper suggests the ways of extending life expectancy of GBM patients today and prospects for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- School of Life Science & Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Kosianova
- School of Life Science & Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergeis Zaitsev
- School of Life Science & Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oleg Pak
- School of Life Science & Biomedicine, Medical Center, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Xue L, Li C, Ren J, Wang Y. KDM4C contributes to cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via regulating the miR-328-3p/CCND2 axis through MALAT1. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321997259. [PMID: 34394903 PMCID: PMC8358730 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321997259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic neoplasm, in which relapse due to drug resistance is the main cause for treatment failure and the disease progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of KDM4C-dependent MALAT1/miR-328-3p/CCND2 axis in cytarabine (Ara-C) resistance in the context of AML. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the targeting relationships among KDM4C, MALAT1, miR-328-3p, and CCND2 in AML, which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect the methylation of MALAT1 promoter. After conducting gain- and loss-of-function assays, we investigated the effect of KDM4C on cell Ara-C resistance. A NOD/SCID mouse model was established to further investigate the roles of KDM4C/MALAT1/miR-328-3p/CCND2 in Ara-C resistant AML cells. Results KDM4C expression was upregulated in AML. KDM4C upregulation promoted the demethylation in the promoter region of MALAT1 to increase its expression, MALAT1 targeted and inhibited miR-328-3p expression, enhancing the Ara-C resistance of HL-60/A. miR-328-3p targeted and suppressed the expression of CCND2 in HL-60/A to inhibit the Ara-C resistance. Mechanistically, KDM4C regulated miR-328-3p/CCND2 through MALAT1, resulting in Ara-C resistance in AML. Findings in an in vivo xenograft NOD/SCID mouse model further confirmed the contribution of KDM4C/MALAT1/miR-328-3p/CCND2 in the Ara-C resistant AML. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that KDM4C may up-regulate MALAT1 expression, which decreases the expression of miR-328-3p. The downregulation of miR-328-3p increased the level of CCND2, which induced the Ara-C resistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xue
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chunhuai Li
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1, Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P.R. China
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24
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Zhao Z, Wu X, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Ma X, Zhang J, Heng X, Feng F. TROAP regulates cell cycle and promotes tumor progression through Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1064-1076. [PMID: 34077623 PMCID: PMC8339535 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Experimental evidence demonstrated a crucial role of TROAP (Trophinin-associated protein) in regulating the cell proliferation of multiple tumors, while TROAP expression and function were largely unknown in glioma. We aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of TROAP and its potential mechanisms in gliomagenesis. METHODS Four gene expression databases (GEO, TCGA, GTEx and CCLE) were enrolled in our study and used for TROAP expression and survival analysis. TROAP expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays in glioma tissues and cell lines. TROAP knockdown and overexpression vector were constructed and transfected into glioma cells. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays were used to evaluate cell viability, migration and invasion, flow cytometry to determine cell cycle arrest. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to screen the pathway involved in TROAP-high phenotype. The expression of cell cycle and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS Based on the bioinformatic analysis and a series of functional assays, we found the TROAP was enriched in glioma tissues and cell lines, its overexpression was correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis. TROAP knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and G1/S cell cycle arrest compared with control group in glioma. Mechanism analysis revealed that TROAP activated Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and upregulated its downstream targets expression, while silencing β-Catenin or Axin2 could reverse the tumor-promoting effects caused by TROAP, confirming that TROAP-induced malignant phenotype and tumorigenesis via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The present study found that TROAP accelerated the progression of gliomagenesis through Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and TROAP might be considered as a novel target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐qing Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Xiu‐jie Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Yan‐hao Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Yun‐fei Zhou
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Xi‐meng Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Xue‐yuan Heng
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐Like IntelligenceLinyi People’s HospitalLinyiChina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine CollegeGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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25
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Sterling J, Menezes SV, Abbassi RH, Munoz L. Histone lysine demethylases and their functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2375-2388. [PMID: 33128779 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are enzymes that remove the methylation marks on lysines in nucleosomes' histone tails. These changes in methylation marks regulate gene transcription during both development and malignant transformation. Depending on which lysine residue is targeted, the effect of a given KDM on gene transcription can be either activating or repressing, and KDMs can regulate the expression of both oncogenes and tumour suppressors. Thus, the functions of KDMs can be regarded as both oncogenic and tumour suppressive, contingent on cell context and the enzyme isoform. Finally, KDMs also demethylate nonhistone proteins and have a variety of demethylase-independent functions. These epigenetic and other mechanisms that KDMs control make them important regulators of malignant tumours. Here, we present an overview of eight KDM subfamilies, their most-studied lysine targets and selected recent data on their roles in cancer stem cells, tumour aggressiveness and drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Sterling
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharleen V Menezes
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramzi H Abbassi
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Tsang JY, Lai ST, Ni YB, Shao Y, Poon IK, Kwan JS, Chow C, Shea KH, Tse GM. SETD2 alterations and histone H3K36 trimethylation in phyllodes tumor of breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:339-347. [PMID: 33844099 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SETD2 is one of the key epigenetic regulatory genes involved in histone modifications. Its alterations were potentially oncogenic and commonly found in cancers. Interestingly, SETD2 is one of the most frequent mutated genes found exclusively in phyllodes tumor of the breast (PT). However, little has been done to further characterize SETD2 alterations in PT. METHODS In this study, we examined the alterations of SETD2 gene and protein expression in a large cohort of PTs. Their correlations with SETD2 downstream target, H3K36me3 expression, and clinicopathologic features in PT were also assessed. RESULTS SETD2 mutation was found in 15.9% of our cases and was mostly predicted to be damaging mutations. Interestingly, SETD2 mutations were associated with lower H3K36me3 expression, particularly those with damaging mutations (p = .041). Neither SETD2 mutations nor H3K36me3 expression was associated with PT grading and other clinicopathological features. By contrast, the SETD2 protein expression cannot reflect its mutation status and showed a different trend of clinicopathological correlations from H3K36me3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may suggest a potential involvement of epigenetic regulation via SETD2 alterations and downstream H3K36me3 on PT development. SETD2 mutations may occur early in the pathogenic process of PTs and its loss per se may not be sufficient for progression to malignancy. Exclusive alterations of SETD2 in PT can be used as markers for the diagnosis of fibroepithelial lesions. The association of H3K36me3 with SETD2 mutations may also indicate the value of evaluation of H3K36me3 expression in the diagnosis of fibroepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sui-Ting Lai
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Johnny S Kwan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Ho Shea
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR.
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27
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A composite single-nucleotide polymorphism prediction signature for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 138:452-463. [PMID: 33728448 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current prognostic scoring systems based on clinicopathologic variables are inadequate in predicting the survival and treatment response of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients undergoing non-anthracyline-based treatment. We aimed to construct a classifier based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for improving predictive accuracy and guiding clinical decision-making. The data of 722 patients with ENKTL from international multicenters were analyzed. A 7-SNP-based classifier was constructed using LASSO Cox regression in the training cohort (n=336) and further validated in the internal testing (n=144) and two external validation cohorts (n=142; n=100). The 7-SNP-based classifier showed good prognostic predictive efficacy in the training cohort and the three validation cohorts. Patients with high and low risk scores calculated by the classifier exhibited significantly different progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (all p<0.001). The 7-SNP-based classifier was further proved to be an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, and its predictive accuracy was significantly better than clinicopathological risk variables. The application of the 7-SNP-based classifier was not affected by sample types. Notably, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy significnalty improved PFS and OS versus radiotherapy alone in high risk Ann Anbor stage I patients, while there was no statistical difference between the two therapeutic modalities among low risk patients. A nomogram was constructed comprised of the classifier and clinicopathological variables, and showed remarkably better predictive accuracy than that of each variable alone. The 7-SNP-based classifier is a complement to existing risk stratification systems in ENKTL, which could have significant implications for clinical decision-making for ENKTL patients.
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28
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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29
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Development of structure-based pharmacophore to target the β-catenin-TCF protein–protein interaction. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Modeling breast cancer survival and metastasis rates from moderate-sized clinical data. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:77-87. [PMID: 33389336 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Predicting time-dependent survival probability of a breast cancer patient using information such as primary tumor size, grade, node spread status, and patient age at the time of surgery can be of immense help in managing life expectations and strategizing postoperative treatment. However, for moderate-sized clinical datasets the application of standard Kaplan-Meier theory to determine survival probability as a function of multiple cofactors can become challenging when continuous variables like tumor diameter and survival time are segmented into a large number of narrow intervals, a problem commonly termed the curse of dimensionality. We circumvent this problem by modeling the patient-to-patient distribution of primary tumor diameter with a realistic, right-skewed function, and then matching the diameter-marginalized survival with the mean Kaplan-Meier survival for the data. We apply this procedure on a recent clinical data from 1875 breast cancer patients and develop parameters that can be readily used to estimate post-surgery survival for an arbitrary time length. Finally, we show that the observed fraction of node-positive patients can be quantitatively explained within a simple tumor growth and metastasis framework. Employing two different tumor growth models from the literature (i.e., Gompertz and logistic growth models), we utilize the observed fraction-node-positive data to determine metastasis rates from the surface of a primary tumor and its patient-to-patient distribution.
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31
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Hoyle RG, Wang H, Cen Y, Zhang Y, Li J. IOX1 Suppresses Wnt Target Gene Transcription and Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of KDM3 Histone Demethylases. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:191-202. [PMID: 33203729 PMCID: PMC7790990 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in Wnt-induced tumorigenesis, notably in colorectal cancers. KDM3 and KDM4 histone demethylases have been reported to promote oncogenic Wnt signaling through demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters and are suggested to be potential therapeutic targets. However, potent inhibitors for these regulators are still not available. In addition, which family is most responsible for activation of Wnt target genes and Wnt-induced oncogenesis is not well documented, specifically in colorectal cancer. In this study, we characterized the functional redundancy and differences between KDM3 and KDM4 in regard to regulating Wnt signaling. Our data suggest that KDM3 may play a more essential role than KDM4 in regulating oncogenic Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer. We also identified that IOX1, a known histone demethylase inhibitor, significantly suppresses Wnt target gene transcription and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IOX1 inhibits the enzymatic activity of KDM3 by binding to the Jumonji C domain and thereby preventing the demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters. Taken together, our data not only identified the critical mechanisms by which IOX1 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through inhibition of KDM3, but also suggested that IOX1 may represent an attractive small molecule lead for future drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Schweiger MW, Li M, Giovanazzi A, Fleming RL, Tabet EI, Nakano I, Würdinger T, Chiocca EA, Tian T, Tannous BA. Extracellular Vesicles Induce Mesenchymal Transition and Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastomas through NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e1900312. [PMID: 32519463 PMCID: PMC7718424 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and despite optimal treatment, long-term survival remains uncommon. GBM can be roughly divided into three different molecular subtypes, each varying in aggressiveness and treatment resistance. Recent evidence shows plasticity between these subtypes in which the proneural (PN) glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) undergo transition into the more aggressive mesenchymal (MES) subtype, leading to therapeutic resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures secreted by nearly every cell and are shown to play a key role in GBM progression by acting as multifunctional signaling complexes. Here, it is shown that EVs derived from MES cells educate PN cells to increase stemness, invasiveness, cell proliferation, migration potential, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance by inducing mesenchymal transition through nuclear factor-κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. The findings could potentially help explore new treatment strategies for GBM and indicate that EVs may also play a role in mesenchymal transition of different tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus W. Schweiger
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mao Li
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Alberta Giovanazzi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata L. Fleming
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
| | - Elie I. Tabet
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tian Tian
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
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Azam Z, TO ST, Tannous BA. Mesenchymal Transformation: The Rosetta Stone of Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Therapy Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002015. [PMID: 33240762 PMCID: PMC7675056 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, glioblastoma (GBM) remains invariably fatal among all forms of cancers. The high level of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity along with its biological location, the brain, are major barriers against effective treatment. Molecular and single cell analysis identifies different molecular subtypes with varying prognosis, while multiple subtypes can reside in the same tumor. Cellular plasticity among different subtypes in response to therapies or during recurrence adds another hurdle in the treatment of GBM. This phenotypic shift is induced and sustained by activation of several pathways within the tumor itself, or microenvironmental factors. In this review, the dynamic nature of cellular shifts in GBM and how the tumor (immune) microenvironment shapes this process leading to therapeutic resistance, while highlighting emerging tools and approaches to study this dynamic double-edged sword are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfikar Azam
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging UnitDepartment of NeurologyNeuro‐Oncology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02129USA
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Shing‐Shun Tony TO
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging UnitDepartment of NeurologyNeuro‐Oncology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02129USA
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Huang D, Xiao F, Hao H, Hua F, Luo Z, Huang Z, Li Q, Chen S, Cheng X, Zhang X, Fang W, Hu X, Liu F. JARID1B promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via decreasing CDX2 level. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:169. [PMID: 33109187 PMCID: PMC7590656 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B(JARID1B) has been shown to be upregulated in many human cancers and plays a critical role in the development of cancers cells. Nevertheless, its functional role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not fully understood. METHODS Herein, JARID1B expression levels were detected in clinical CRC samples by western blotting and qRT-PCR. DLD-1 cells with JARID1B knockdown or overexpression by stably transfected plasmids were used in vitro and in vivo study. Colony formation, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) assays were used to detect cell proliferation and growth. Transcriptome and CHIP assays were used to examine the molecular biology changes and molecular interaction in these cells. Nude mice was utilized to study the correlation of JARID1B and tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Here, we first observed that JARID1B was significantly upregulated in CRC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. In CRC patients, JARID1B high expression was positively relation with poor overall survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high JARID1B expression was an independent predictive marker for the poor prognosis of CRC. In addition, we found that JARID1B promoted CRC cells proliferation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies demonstrated CDX2 as a downstream target of JARID1B, and our data demonstrated that CDX2 is crucial for JARID1B -mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that JARID1B regulated CDX2 expression through demethylation of H3K4me3. CONCLUSIONS CDX2 inhibited by JARID1B-derived H3K4me3 methylation promoted cells proliferation of CRC via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies provided a novel insight into the role of JARID1B in CRC cells proliferation and potential new molecular target for treating CRC. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Huang
- Center for Education Evaluation, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuzhi Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weilan Fang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanrong Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Sun L, Chen B, Wu J, Jiang C, Fan Z, Feng Y, Xu Y. Epigenetic Regulation of a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Transcription in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Involvement of β-Catenin, BRG1, and KDM4. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581692. [PMID: 33043016 PMCID: PMC7517301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteins play versatile roles in cancer development and progression. In the present study, we investigated the role of ADAM proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and invasion focusing on the epigenetic mechanism whereby ADAM transcription is regulated. We report that higher levels of ADAM10, ADAM17, and ADAM19 were detected in SW480 cells than in HCT116 cells. Expression levels of the same set of ADAMs were higher in human CRC biopsy specimens of advanced stages than in those of a less aggressive phenotype. Overexpression of ADAM10/17/19 in HCT116 cells enhanced, whereas depletion of ADAM10/17/19 in SW480 cells weakened, migration and invasion. ADAM expression was activated by the Wnt signaling pathway, which could be attributed to direct binding of β-catenin on the ADAM promoters. Mechanistically, β-catenin recruited the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1, which in turn enlisted histone demethylase KDM4 to alter the chromatin structure, thereby leading to ADAM transactivation. In conclusion, our data suggest that the Wnt signaling may promote CRC metastasis, at least in part, by recruiting an epigenetic complex to activate ADAM transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Invention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Shi H, Zhao L, Guo X, Fang R, Zhang H, Dong G, Fu J, Yan F, Zhang J, Ning Z, Ma Q, Li Z, Li C, Dai J, Si C, Xiong H. Arctigenin Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression through Decreasing GM-CSF/TSLP/STAT3/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176357. [PMID: 32887217 PMCID: PMC7503539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer is highly regulated by tumor-derived cytokines in tumor microenvironment. The development of drugs that specifically target cytokines are promising in breast cancer treatment. In this study, we reported that arctigenin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., could decrease tumor-promoting cytokines GM-CSF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TSLP in breast cancer cells. Arctigenin not only inhibited the proliferation, but also the invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells via decreasing GM-CSF and TSLP. Mechanistically, arctigenin decreased the promoter activities of GM-CSF and TSLP via reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 which is crucial for the transcription of GM-CSF and TSLP. Furthermore, arctigenin-induced depletion of GM-CSF and TSLP inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and β-catenin signaling resulting in decreased proliferation, invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which tumor-promoting cytokines regulate breast cancer progression and suggest that arctigenin is a promising candidate for cytokine-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Luping Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinlin Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Runping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jia Fu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
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Abstract
As a unique subpopulation of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) acquire the resistance to conventional therapies and appear to be the prime cause of cancer recurrence. Like their normal counterparts, CSCs can renew themselves and generate differentiated progenies. Cancer stem cells are distinguished among heterogenous cancer cells by molecular markers and their capacity of efficiently forming new tumors composed of diverse and heterogenous cancer cells. Tumor heterogeneity can be inter- or intra-tumor, molecularly resulting from the accumulation of genetic and non-genetic alterations. Non-genetic alterations are mainly changes on epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone, and chromatin remodeling. As tumor-initiating cells and contributing to the tumor heterogeneity in the brain, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) attract extensive research interests. Epigenetic modifications confer on tumor cells including CSCs reversible and inheritable genomic changes and affect gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Here, we will review recent advances in histone demethylation, DNA methylation, RNA methylation and ubiquitination in glioblastomas and their impacts on tumorigenesis with a focus on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Zhu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Victoria Xie
- M.D. Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Martelli C, King A, Simon T, Giamas G. Graphene-Induced Transdifferentiation of Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy against Glioblastoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3258-3269. [PMID: 33463176 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by low response to treatments and reoccurrence. This therapeutic resistance is believed to arise mostly from the presence of a subpopulation of tumorigenic stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, the surrounding microenvironment is known to maintain CSCs, thus supporting tumor development and aggressiveness. This review focuses on a therapeutic strategy involving the stem cell trans-differentiating ability of graphene and its derivatives. Graphene distinguishes itself from other carbon-based nanomaterials due to an array of properties that makes it suitable for many purposes, from bioengineering to biomedical applications. Studies have shown that graphene is able to promote and direct the differentiation of CSCs. In addition, potential usage of graphene in GBM treatment represents a challenge in respect to its administration method. The present review also provides a general outlook of the potential side effects (e.g., cell toxicity) that graphene could have. Overall, this report discusses certain graphene-based therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, which can be considered as prospective effective GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Martelli
- University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Alice King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
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