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Taranto S, Castelli R, Marseglia G, Scalvini L, Vacondio F, Gianoncelli A, Ribaudo G, Faletti J, Gazzaroli G, Rocca E, Ronca R, Rusnati M, Sacco A, Roccaro AM, Presta M, Mor M, Giacomini A, Rivara S. Discovery of novel FGF trap small molecules endowed with anti-myeloma activity. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107291. [PMID: 38969274 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as proangiogenic and mitogenic cytokines in several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). Indeed, corrupted FGF autocrine and paracrine secretion induces an aberrant activation of the FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling sustaining cancer cell spreading and resistance to pharmacological treatments. Thus, FGF traps may represent a promising anti-cancer strategy to hamper the ligand-dependent activation of the FGF/FGFR system. We previously identified NSC12 as the first orally available small molecule FGF trap able to inhibit the growth and progression of several FGF-dependent tumor models. NSC12 is a pregnenolone derivative carrying a 1,1-bis-trifluoromethyl-1,3-propanediol chain in position 17 of the steroid nucleus. Investigation of structure-activity relationships (SARs) provided more potent and specific NSC12 steroid derivatives and highlighted that the C17-side chain is pivotal for the FGF trap activity. Here, a scaffold hopping approach allowed to obtain two FGF trap compounds (22 and 57) devoid of the steroid nucleus and able to efficiently bind FGF2 and to inhibit FGFR activation in MM cells. Accordingly, these compounds exert a potent anti-tumor activity on MM cell lines both in vitro and in vivo and on MM patient-derived primary cells, strongly affecting the survival of both proteasome-inhibitor sensitive and resistant MM cells. These results propose a new therapeutic option for relapsed/refractory MM patients and set the bases for the development of novel FGF traps prone to chemical diversification to be used in the clinic for the treatment of those tumors in which the FGF/FGFR system plays a pivotal role, including MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taranto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Clinical Trial Center, Translational Research and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Scalvini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Faletti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gazzaroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rocca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Trial Center, Translational Research and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aldo Maria Roccaro
- Clinical Trial Center, Translational Research and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Loda A, Semeraro F, Parolini S, Ronca R, Rezzola S. Cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma: novel insights and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189104. [PMID: 38701937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary ocular tumor in the adult population. Even though these primary tumors are successfully treated in 90% of cases, almost 50% of patients ultimately develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, via hematological dissemination, with a median survival spanning from 6 to 12 months after diagnosis. In this context, chemotherapy regimens and molecular targeted therapies have demonstrated poor response rates and failed to improve survival. Among the multiple reasons for therapy failure, the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) represents the main cause of resistance to anticancer therapies. In the last few years, the existence of CSCs in UM has been demonstrated both in preclinical and clinical studies, and new molecular pathways and mechanisms have been described for this subpopulation of UM cells. Here, we will discuss the state of the art of CSC biology and their potential exploitation as therapeutic target in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology - CN3, Padova, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Oğuzman H, Kaçmaz M. The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma. J Investig Med 2024; 72:333-340. [PMID: 38373952 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241235662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy characterized by plasma cell proliferation. It was aimed to investigate pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels, oxidative/antioxidative status, and their correlation in MM. In the study, four groups were established, including newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients, and a healthy control group. PTX3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed with an autoanalyzer. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using the formula: OSI (arbitrary unit) = TOS (µmol H2O2 Eq/L)/TAS (mmol Trolox Eq/L) × 100. The study involved comparing PTX3, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels among these four groups. PTX3 levels were significantly elevated in NDMM and RRMM groups compared to controls and the Rem-MM group (NDMM vs control; p < 0.001, NDMM vs Rem-MM; p < 0.001, RRMM vs control; p < 0.001, and RRMM vs Rem-MM; p = 0.006). TAS was higher in NDMM and RRMM groups versus controls (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively), and TOS was higher in rem-MM group versus NDMM and control groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). OSI was higher in the Rem-MM group than in NDMM and RRMM groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between MM groups and PTX3 levels. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed high specificity (90%) and sensitivity (79%) for PTX3 in NDMM at a >0.56 ng/mL cut-off value. This study suggests that PTX3 levels may have diagnostic and prognostic potential in MM and its relationship with oxidative stress requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Hematology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Tonon G. Myeloma and DNA damage. Blood 2024; 143:488-495. [PMID: 37992215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT DNA-damaging agents have represented the first effective treatment for the blood cancer multiple myeloma, and after 65 years since their introduction to the clinic, they remain one of the mainstay therapies for this disease. Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. Despite exceedingly slow proliferation, myeloma cells present extended genomic rearrangements and intense genomic instability, starting at the premalignant stage of the disease. Where does such DNA damage stem from? A reliable model argues that the powerful oncogenes activated in myeloma as well the phenotypic peculiarities of cancer plasma cells, including the dependency on the proteasome for survival and the constant presence of oxidative stress, all converge on modulating DNA damage and repair. Beleaguered by these contraposing forces, myeloma cells survive in a precarious balance, in which the robust engagement of DNA repair mechanisms to guarantee cell survival is continuously challenged by rampant genomic instability, essential for cancer cells to withstand hostile selective pressures. Shattering this delicate equilibrium has been the goal of the extensive use of DNA-damaging agents since their introduction in the clinic, now enriched by novel approaches that leverage upon synthetic lethality paradigms. Exploiting the impairment of homologous recombination caused by myeloma genetic lesions or treatments, it is now possible to design therapeutic combinations that could target myeloma cells more effectively. Furthermore, DNA-damaging agents, as demonstrated in solid tumors, may sensitize cells to immune therapies. In all, targeting DNA damage and repair remains as central as ever in myeloma, even for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Center for Omics Sciences, Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Liu J, Bai X, Zhang M, Wu S, Xiao J, Zeng X, Li Y, Zhang Z. Energy metabolism: a new target for gastric cancer treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:338-351. [PMID: 37477784 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide having the fourth highest mortality rate. Energy metabolism is key and closely linked to tumour development. Most important in the reprogramming of cancer metabolism is the Warburg effect, which suggests that tumour cells will utilise glycolysis even with normal oxygen levels. Various molecules exert their effects by acting on enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, integral to glycolysis. Second, mitochondrial abnormalities in the reprogramming of energy metabolism, with consequences for glutamine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, abnormal fatty acid oxidation and plasma lipoprotein metabolism are important components of tumour metabolism. Third, inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a danger signal for cancer. Fourth, patterns of signalling pathways involve all aspects of metabolic transduction, and many clinical drugs exert their anticancer effects through energy metabolic signalling. This review summarises research on energy metabolism genes, enzymes and proteins and transduction pathways associated with gastric cancer, and discusses the mechanisms affecting their effects on postoperative treatment resistance and prognoses of gastric cancer. We believe that an in-depth understanding of energy metabolism reprogramming will aid the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangrong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaoyang College, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Xu F, Zang T, Chen H, Zhou C, Wang R, Yu Y, Shen L, Qian J, Ge J. Deubiquitinase OTUB1 regulates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via deubiquitinating c-MYC. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110937. [PMID: 37871668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline drug widely used in antitumor therapies, has dose-dependent toxicity that can cause cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress, thus limiting its clinical application. OTUB1 (ovarian tumor associated proteinase B1) is an OTU superfamily deubiquitinase that effectively regulates cell proliferation, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and oxidative stress by specifically removing K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination; however, its role in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A DOX-induced subacute cardiotoxicity mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection, and cardiac injury was assessed by echocardiography, serum cardiac markers, and histopathological staining. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemistry were used to analyze cell apoptosis, tissue oxidative stress was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, TUNEL staining, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) flow cytometry were applied on isolated neonatal mice cardiomyocytes to assess apoptosis and oxidative stress. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using RNA sequencing and clustering analyses. c-MYC inhibitor 10,058-F4 and siRNA targeting c-Myc were used to investigate the roles of c-MYC in OTUB1's regulations of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were performed to reveal the deubiquitinating effects of OTUB1 on c-MYC expression. RESULTS We found that global Otub1-knockdown in vivo alleviated the subacute DOX treatment-induced cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte atrophy. Mechanistically, unbiased RNA sequencing and molecular biology experiments revealed that cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were significantly compromised in the Otub1-knockdown group. Further in vitro studies have shown that c-MYC, a critical regulator of apoptosis, is indispensable in OTUB1's regulations of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Deubiquitinating effects of OTUB1 on K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of c-MYC protein are essential for promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative responses. CONCLUSIONS OTUB1-c-MYC inhibition protected cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, suggesting that OTUB1 is a potential translational therapeutic target for preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongtong Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China
| | - Changyi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, China.
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Cao Z, Li P, Li Y, Zhang M, Hao M, Li W, Mao X, Mo L, Yang C, Ding X, Yang YY, Yuan P, Shi S, Kou X. Encapsulation of Nano-Bortezomib in Apoptotic Stem Cell-Derived Vesicles for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301748. [PMID: 37282762 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanovesicles released from living or apoptotic cells that can transport DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid cargo. EVs play critical roles in cell-cell communication and tissue homeostasis, and have numerous therapeutic uses including serving as carriers for nanodrug delivery. There are multiple ways to load EVs with nanodrugs, such as electroporation, extrusion, and ultrasound. However, these approaches may have limited drug-loading rates, poor EV membrane stability, and high cost for large-scale production. Here, it is shown that apoptotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can encapsulate exogenously added nanoparticles into apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) with a high loading efficiency. When nano-bortezomib is incorporated into apoVs in culture-expanded apoptotic MSCs, nano-bortezomib-apoVs show a synergistic combination effect of bortezomib and apoVs to ameliorate multiple myeloma (MM) in a mouse model, along with significantly reduced side effects of nano-bortezomib. Moreover, it is shown that Rab7 regulates the nanoparticle encapsulation efficiency in apoptotic MSCs and that activation of Rab7 can increase nanoparticle-apoV production. In this study, a previously unknown mechanism to naturally synthesize nano-bortezomib-apoVs to improve MM therapy is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lijie Mo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
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Pace A, Scirocchi F, Napoletano C, Zizzari IG, Po A, Megiorni F, Asquino A, Pontecorvi P, Rahimi H, Marchese C, Ferretti E, Nuti M, Rughetti A. Targeting FGFRs by pemigatinib induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, cellular stress and upregulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs. J Transl Med 2023; 21:626. [PMID: 37715207 PMCID: PMC10504800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family alterations are found in several cancers, indicating their importance as potential therapeutic targets. The FGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) pemigatinib has been introduced in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma and more recently for relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR2 and FGFR1 rearrangements, respectively. Several clinical trials are currently investigating the possible combination of pemigatinib with immunotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the biological and molecular effects of pemigatinib on different cancer cell models (lung, bladder, and gastric), which are currently objective of clinical trial investigations. METHODS NCI-H1581 lung, KATO III gastric and RT-112 bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for FGFR expression by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell lines were treated with Pem and then characterized for cell proliferation, apoptosis, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induction of senescence. The expression of microRNAs with tumor suppressor functions was analyzed by qRT-PCR, while modulation of the proteins coded by their target genes was evaluated by Western blot and mRNA. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the various data and student's t test to compare the analysis of two groups. RESULTS Pemigatinib exposure triggered distinct signaling pathways and reduced the proliferative ability of all cancer cells, inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and strong intracellular stress resulting in ROS production, senescence and apoptosis. Pemigatinib treatment also caused the upregulation of microRNAs (miR-133b, miR-139, miR-186, miR-195) with tumor suppressor functions, along with the downregulation of validated protein targets with oncogenic roles (c-Myc, c-MET, CDK6, EGFR). CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to clarifying the biological effects and molecular mechanisms mediated by the anti-FGFR TKI pemigatinib in distinct tumor settings and support its exploitation for combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Asquino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Forster S, Radpour R, Ochsenbein AF. Molecular and immunological mechanisms of clonal evolution in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243997. [PMID: 37744361 PMCID: PMC10516567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). It is known that early genetic mutations in post-germinal center B/plasma cells are the cause of myelomagenesis. The acquisition of additional chromosomal abnormalities and distinct mutations further promote the outgrowth of malignant plasma cell populations that are resistant to conventional treatments, finally resulting in relapsed and therapy-refractory terminal stages of MM. In addition, myeloma cells are supported by autocrine signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of diverse cell types such as stromal cells, immune cells, and components of the extracellular matrix. The TME provides essential signals and stimuli that induce proliferation and/or prevent apoptosis. In particular, the molecular pathways by which MM cells interact with the TME are crucial for the development of MM. To generate successful therapies and prevent MM recurrence, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive MM progression and therapy resistance is essential. In this review, we summarize key mechanisms that promote myelomagenesis and drive the clonal expansion in the course of MM progression such as autocrine signaling cascades, as well as direct and indirect interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells. In addition, we highlight drug-resistance mechanisms and emerging therapies that are currently tested in clinical trials to overcome therapy-refractory MM stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F. Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Cui Y, Wang F, Fang B. Mitochondrial dysfunction and drug targets in multiple myeloma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8007-8016. [PMID: 36928159 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer that has no cure. Although currently there are several novel drugs, most MM patients experience drug resistance and disease relapse. The results of previous studies suggest that aberrant mitochondrial function may contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and metabolic reprogramming have been reported in MM patients. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown encouraging results of mitochondria-targeting therapy in MM patients. In this review, we have summarized our current understanding of mitochondrial biology in MM. More importantly, we have reviewed mitochondrial targeting strategies in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 of Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fujue Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 of Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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11
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Loda A, Calza S, Giacomini A, Ravelli C, Krishna Chandran AM, Tobia C, Tabellini G, Parolini S, Semeraro F, Ronca R, Rezzola S. FGF-trapping hampers cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:89. [PMID: 37165394 PMCID: PMC10173517 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and relapse. Recently, CSCs have been identified in Uveal Melanoma (UM), which represents the most common primary tumor of the eye. UM is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy and effective therapies aimed at improving overall survival of patients are eagerly required. METHODS Herein, taking advantage from a pan Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-trap molecule, we singled out and analyzed a UM-CSC subset with marked stem-like properties. A hierarchical clustering of gene expression data publicly available on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to identify patients' clusters. RESULTS By disrupting the FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR)-mediated signaling, we unmasked an FGF-sensitive UM population characterized by increased expression of numerous stemness-related transcription factors, enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and tumor-sphere formation capacity. Moreover, FGF inhibition deeply affected UM-CSC survival in vivo in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor graft assay, resulting in the reduction of tumor growth. At clinical level, hierarchical clustering of TCGA gene expression data revealed a strong correlation between FGFs/FGFRs and stemness-related genes, allowing the identification of three distinct clusters characterized by different clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that the FGF/FGFR axis represents a master regulator of cancer stemness in primary UM tumors and point to anti-FGF treatments as a novel therapeutic strategy to hit the CSC component in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Aksoy O, Lind J, Sunder-Plaßmann V, Vallet S, Podar K. Bone marrow microenvironment- induced regulation of Bcl-2 family members in multiple myeloma (MM): Therapeutic implications. Cytokine 2023; 161:156062. [PMID: 36332463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Multiple Myeloma (MM) the finely tuned homeostasis of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is disrupted. Evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis) represents a hallmark of cancer. Besides genetic aberrations, the supportive and protective MM BM milieu, which is constituted by cytokines and growth factors, intercellular and cell: extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and exosomes, in particular, plays a key role in the abundance of pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family (i.e., Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL) in tumor cells. Moreover, microenvironmental cues have also an impact on stability- regulating post-translational modifications of anti-apoptotic proteins including de/phosphorylation, polyubiquitination; on their intracellular binding affinities, and localization. Advances of our molecular knowledge on the escape of cancer cells from apoptosis have informed the development of a new class of small molecules that mimic the action of BH3-only proteins. Indeed, approaches to directly target anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members are among today's most promising therapeutic strategies and BH3-mimetics (i.e., venetoclax) are currently revolutionizing not only the treatment of CLL and AML, but also hold great therapeutic promise in MM. Furthermore, approaches that activate apoptotic pathways indirectly via modification of the tumor microenvironment have already entered clinical practice. The present review article will summarize our up-to-date knowledge on molecular mechanisms by which the MM BM microenvironment, cytokines, and growth factors in particular, mediates tumor cell evasion from apoptosis. Moreover, it will discuss some of the most promising science- derived therapeutic strategies to overcome Bcl-2- mediated tumor cell survival in order to further improve MM patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Judith Lind
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Vincent Sunder-Plaßmann
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Klaus Podar
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.
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Fibroblast growth factor 5 overexpression ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes through regulation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2859-2868. [PMID: 36728504 PMCID: PMC9943982 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome induced by several infectious agents. Multiple organs are affected by sepsis, including the liver, which plays an important role in metabolism and immune homeostasis. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in several biological processes, although the role of FGF5 in sepsis is unclear. METHODS In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated to mice to establish a sepsis-induced liver injury. A similar in vitro study was conducted using L-02 hepatocytes. Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate the FGF5 expression level in liver tissues and cells. Inflammatory cell infiltrations, cleaved-caspase-3 expressions, reactive oxygen species and levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by immunofluorescence, dihydroethidium staining, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis level of cells. In addition, ribonucleic acid (RNA)-sequencing was applied to explore the possible mechanism by which FGF5 exerted effects. RESULTS LPS administration caused FGF5 down-regulation in the mouse liver as well as in L-02 hepatocytes. Additionally, with FGF5 overexpression, liver injury and the level of hepatocyte apoptosis were ameliorated. Further, RNA sequencing performed in hepatocytes revealed the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway as a possible pathway regulated by FGF5 . This was supported using an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which abrogated the protective effect of FGF5 in LPS-induced hepatocyte injury. CONCLUSION The anti-apoptotic effect of FGF5 on hepatocytes suffering from LPS has been demonstrated and was dependent on the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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14
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Xie T, Du K, Liu W, Liu C, Wang B, Tian Y, Li R, Huang X, Lin J, Jian H, Zhang J, Yuan Y. LHX2 facilitates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via activation of the FGF1/FGFR axis. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1239-1253. [PMID: 35864158 PMCID: PMC9519904 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis and recurrence remain the main obstacle to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC growth and metastasis are poorly understood. METHODS LHX2 expression was examined in NPC cell lines and NPC tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and Immunohistochemistry assay. NPC cells overexpressing or silencing LHX2 were used to perform CCK-8 assay, colony-formation assay, EdU assay, wound-healing and invasion assays in vitro. Xenograft tumour models and lung metastasis models were involved for the in vivo assays. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), ELISA assay, western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and Luciferase reporter assay were applied for the downstream target mechanism investigation. RESULTS LIM-homeodomain transcription factor 2 (LHX2) was upregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Elevated LHX2 was closely associated with poor survival in NPC patients. Ectopic LHX2 overexpression dramatically promoted the growth, migration and invasion of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LHX2 transcriptionally increased the fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression, which in turn activated the phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2) and AKT signalling pathways in an autocrine and paracrine manner, thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of NPC. Inhibition of FGF1 with siRNA or FGFR inhibitor blocked LHX2-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies the LHX2-FGF1-FGFR axis plays a key role in NPC progression and provides a potential target for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Nair R, Gupta P, Shanmugam M. Mitochondrial metabolic determinants of multiple myeloma growth, survival, and therapy efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000106. [PMID: 36185202 PMCID: PMC9523312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody producing plasma cells. Despite the use of next generation proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) and immunotherapy, the development of therapy refractory disease is common, with approximately 20% of MM patients succumbing to aggressive treatment-refractory disease within 2 years of diagnosis. A large emphasis is placed on understanding inter/intra-tumoral genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to relapsed/refractory disease, however, the contribution of cellular metabolism and intrinsic/extrinsic metabolites to therapy sensitivity and resistance mechanisms is less well understood. Cancer cells depend on specific metabolites for bioenergetics, duplication of biomass and redox homeostasis for growth, proliferation, and survival. Cancer therapy, importantly, largely relies on targeting cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. Thus, understanding the metabolic changes intersecting with a drug's mechanism of action can inform us of methods to elicit deeper responses and prevent acquired resistance. Knowledge of the Warburg effect and elevated aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, including MM, has allowed us to capitalize on this phenomenon for diagnostics and prognostics. The demonstration that mitochondria play critical roles in cancer development, progression, and therapy sensitivity despite the inherent preference of cancer cells to engage aerobic glycolysis has re-invigorated deeper inquiry into how mitochondrial metabolism regulates tumor biology and therapy efficacy. Mitochondria are the sole source for coupled respiration mediated ATP synthesis and a key source for the anabolic synthesis of amino acids and reducing equivalents. Beyond their core metabolic activities, mitochondria facilitate apoptotic cell death, impact the activation of the cytosolic integrated response to stress, and through nuclear and cytosolic retrograde crosstalk maintain cell fitness and survival. Here, we hope to shed light on key mitochondrial functions that shape MM development and therapy sensitivity.
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16
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Poli E, Barbon V, Lucchetta S, Cattelan M, Santoro L, Zin A, Milano GM, Zanetti I, Bisogno G, Bonvini P. Immunoreactivity against fibroblast growth factor 8 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients and its involvement in tumor aggressiveness. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2096349. [PMID: 35813575 PMCID: PMC9262361 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2096349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric soft tissue sarcoma characterized by a very poor prognosis when relapses occur after front-line therapy. Therefore, a major challenge for patients’ management remains the identification of markers associated with refractory and progressive disease. In this context, cancer autoantibodies are natural markers of disease onset and progression, useful to unveil novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we matched autoantibody profiling of alveolar RMS (ARMS) patients with genes under regulatory control of PAX3-FOXO1 transcription factor and revealed fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) as a novel ARMS tumor antigen of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. We demonstrated that high levels of FGF8 autoantibodies distinguished ARMS patients from healthy subjects and represented an independent prognostic factor of better event-free survival. FGF8 was overexpressed in ARMS tumors compared to other types of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas, acting as a positive regulator of cell signaling. Indeed, FGF8 was capable of stimulating ARMS cells migration and expression of pro-angiogenic and metastasis-related factors, throughout MAPK signaling activation. Of note, FGF8 was found to increase in recurrent tumors, independently of PAX3-FOXO1 expression dynamics. Risk of recurrence correlated positively with FGF8 expression levels at diagnosis and reduced FGF8 autoantibodies titer, almost as if to suggest a failure of the immune response to control tumor growth in recurring patients. This study provides evidence about the crucial role of FGF8 in ARMS and the protective function of natural autoantibodies, giving new insights into ARMS biology and laying the foundations for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poli
- Department of Woman’s and Children’s Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Barbon
- Department of Woman’s and Children’s Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Lucchetta
- Department of Woman’s and Children’s Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Cattelan
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Bambino Gesù Childrens’ Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanetti
- Department of Woman’s and Children’s Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Woman’s and Children’s Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padua, Italy
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Xun S, Zhou G, Lin L, Mei Y. Fibroblast growth factor 12 attenuated cardiac remodeling via suppressing oxidative stress. Peptides 2022; 153:170786. [PMID: 35304156 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate key cardiac functions from development to homeostasis and disease. The current research was to explore the effects of FGF12 in the fibrosis of cardiac function and heart failure, and whether FGF12 alleviated cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress. Ligation of left coronary artery in mice induced heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI). Angiotensin II (Ang II) was administered to cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). FGF12 upregulation or FGF12 transgenic (Tg) mice could improve cardiac dysfunction of MI mice, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis of heart failure induced by MI in mice. FGF12 overexpression suppressed the increases of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin which was induced by Ang II in CFs. The oxidative stress was enhanced in the heart of MI mice and CFs treated with Ang II, and these enhances were attenuated via FGF12 overexpression. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression inhibited the enhancements of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin in the heart of MI mice, and in the CFs treated with Ang II. Overexpression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Nox1) reversed the attenuating influences of FGF12 on the enhancements of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin in the CFs induced by Ang II. These outcomes showed that FGF12 upregulation can improve cardiac dysfunction and heart fibrosis of heart failure. FGF12 attenuates oxidative stress to suppress the cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Shucan Xun
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Mei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Modulation of Cellular Redox Parameters for Improving Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030455. [PMID: 35326105 PMCID: PMC8944660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised oxidative stress and abnormal redox status are typical features of multiple myeloma cells, and the identification of the intimate mechanisms that regulate the relationships between neoplastic cells and redox homeostasis may reveal possible new anti-myeloma therapeutic targets to increase the effectiveness of anti-myeloma drugs synergistically or to eradicate drug-resistant clones while reducing toxicity toward normal cells. An alteration of the oxidative state is not only responsible for the onset of multiple myeloma and its progression, but it also appears essential for the therapeutic response and for developing any chemoresistance. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature’s current data on the effects of oxidative stress on the response to drugs generally employed in the therapy of multiple myeloma, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and autologous transplantation. In the second part of the review, we analyzed the possibility of using other substances, often of natural origin, to modulate the oxidative stress to interfere with the progression of myelomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Chiodelli P, Coltrini D, Turati M, Cerasuolo M, Maccarinelli F, Rezzola S, Grillo E, Giacomini A, Taranto S, Mussi S, Ligresti A, Presta M, Ronca R. FGFR blockade by pemigatinib treats naïve and castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:217-224. [PMID: 34861311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the male population commonly treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and relapsing as aggressive and androgen-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In PCa the FGF/FGFR family of growth factors and receptors represents a relevant mediator of cancer growth, tumor-stroma interaction, and a driver of resistance and relapse to ADT. In the present work, we validate the therapeutic efficacy the FDA-approved FGFR inhibitor pemigatinib, in an integrated platform consisting of human and murine PCa cells, and the transgenic multistage TRAMP model of PCa that recapitulates both androgen-dependent and CRPC settings. Our results show for the first time that pemigatinib causes intracellular stress and cell death in PCa cells and prevents tumor growth in vivo and in the multistage model. In addition, the combination of pemigatinib with enzalutamide resulted in long-lasting tumor inhibition and prevention of CRPC relapse in TRAMP mice. These data are confirmed by the implementation of a stochastic mathematical model and in silico simulation. Pemigatinib represents a promising FDA-approved FGFR inhibitor for the treatment of PCa and CRPC alone and in combination with enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Chiodelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Turati
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Cerasuolo
- University of Portsmouth, School of Mathematics and Physics, Hampshire, PO1 3HF, UK
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Taranto
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mussi
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
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21
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Alaterre E, Vikova V, Kassambara A, Bruyer A, Robert N, Requirand G, Bret C, Herbaux C, Vincent L, Cartron G, Elemento O, Moreaux J. RNA-Sequencing-Based Transcriptomic Score with Prognostic and Theranostic Values in Multiple Myeloma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100988. [PMID: 34683129 PMCID: PMC8541503 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most frequent hematological cancer and is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Genome-wide expression profiling (GEP) analysis with DNA microarrays has emerged as a powerful tool for biomedical research, generating a huge amount of data. Microarray analyses have improved our understanding of MM disease and have led to important clinical applications. In MM, GEP has been used to stratify patients, define risk, identify therapeutic targets, predict treatment response, and understand drug resistance. In this study, we built a gene risk score for 267 genes using RNA-seq data that demonstrated a prognostic value in two independent cohorts (n = 674 and n = 76) of newly diagnosed MM patients treated with high-dose Melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. High-risk patients were associated with the expression of genes involved in several major pathways implicated in MM pathophysiology, including interferon response, cell proliferation, hypoxia, IL-6 signaling pathway, stem cell genes, MYC, and epigenetic deregulation. The RNA-seq-based risk score was correlated with specific MM somatic mutation profiles and responses to targeted treatment including EZH2, MELK, TOPK/PBK, and Aurora kinase inhibitors, outlining potential utility for precision medicine strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Alaterre
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Veronika Vikova
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
- Diag2Tec, 34395 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Bruyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
- Diag2Tec, 34395 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (N.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Guilhem Requirand
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (N.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Caroline Bret
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (N.R.); (G.R.)
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
| | - Charles Herbaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France;
| | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France;
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France;
- IGMM, UMR CNRS-UM 5535, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, 34395 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (V.V.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (C.B.); (C.H.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France; (N.R.); (G.R.)
- UFR de Médecine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France;
- IUF, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-67-33-79-03
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22
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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23
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Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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24
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Ronca R, Taranto S, Corsini M, Tobia C, Ravelli C, Rezzola S, Belleri M, De Cillis F, Cattaneo A, Presta M, Giacomini A. Pentraxin 3 Inhibits the Angiogenic Potential of Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092255. [PMID: 34066669 PMCID: PMC8125855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis represents a key aspect in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM) and is strictly linked to the balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic players produced by both neoplastic and stromal components. It has been shown that Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) play a pivotal role in the angiogenic switch occurring during MM progression. Accordingly, the natural FGF antagonist Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is able to reduce the activation of BM stromal components induced by FGFs. This work explores, for the first time, the anti-angiogenic role of PTX3 produced by MM cells demonstrating that the inducible expression of PTX3 is able to impair MM neovascularization, the onset of a proficient BM vascular niche and, ultimately, to impair tumor growth and dissemination. Abstract During multiple myeloma (MM) progression the activation of the angiogenic process represents a key step for the formation of the vascular niche, where different stromal components and neoplastic cells collaborate and foster tumor growth. Among the different pro-angiogenic players, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) plays a pivotal role in BM vascularization occurring during MM progression. Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a natural FGF antagonist, is able to reduce the activation of stromal components promoted by FGF2 in various in vitro models. An increased FGF/PTX3 ratio has also been found to occur during MM evolution, suggesting that restoring the “physiological” FGF/PTX3 ratio in plasma cells and BM stromal cells (BMSCs) might impact MM. In this work, taking advantage of PTX3-inducible human MM models, we show that PTX3 produced by tumor cells is able to restore a balanced FGF/PTX3 ratio sufficient to prevent the activation of the FGF/FGFR system in endothelial cells and to reduce the angiogenic capacity of MM cells in different in vivo models. As a result of this anti-angiogenic activity, PTX3 overexpression causes a significant reduction of the tumor burden in both subcutaneously grafted and systemic MM models. These data pave the way for the exploitation of PTX3-derived anti-angiogenic approaches in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Sara Taranto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirella Belleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Floriana De Cillis
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (C.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (A.G.)
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25
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Halting the FGF/FGFR axis leads to antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia by silencing MYD88. Blood 2021; 137:2495-2508. [PMID: 33197938 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) axis deregulation is largely involved in supporting the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). WM is still an incurable disease, and patients succumb because of disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutics designed to specifically target deregulated signaling pathways in WM are required. We aimed to investigate the role of FGF/FGFR system blockade in WM by using a pan-FGF trap molecule (NSC12). Wide-transcriptome profiling confirmed inhibition of FGFR signaling in NSC12-treated WM cells; unveiling a significant inhibition of MYD88 was also confirmed at the protein level. Importantly, the NSC12-dependent silencing of MYD88 was functionally active, as it led to inhibition of MYD88-driven pathways, such as BTK and SYK, as well as the MYD88-downstream target HCK. Of note, both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB cascades were downregulated in WM cells upon NSC12 treatment. Functional sequelae exerted by NSC12 in WM cells were studied, demonstrating significant inhibition of WM cell growth, induction of WM cell apoptosis, halting MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Importantly, NSC12 exerted an anti-WM effect even in the presence of bone marrow microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide the evidence for using NSC12 as a specific FGF/FGFR system inhibitor, thus representing a novel therapeutic strategy in WM.
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26
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Castelli R, Taranto S, Furiassi L, Bozza N, Marseglia G, Ferlenghi F, Rivara S, Retini M, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Matarazzo S, Ronca R, Presta M, Mor M, Giacomini A. Chemical modification of NSC12 leads to a specific FGF-trap with antitumor activity in multiple myeloma. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113529. [PMID: 34004471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of FGF/FGFR signaling is a promising strategy for the treatment of malignances dependent from FGF stimulation, including multiple myeloma (MM). The steroidal derivative NSC12 (compound 1) is a pan-FGF trap endowed with antitumor activity in vivo. Chemical modifications of compound 1 were explored to investigate structure-activity relationships, focusing on the role of the bis(trifluoromethyl)1,3-propanediol chain, the stereochemistry at C20 and functionalization of C3 position. Our studies unveiled compound 25b, the pregnane 3-keto 20R derivative of compound 1 as an effective agent, blocking the proliferation of MM cells in vitro by inhibiting FGF-dependent receptor activation and slowing MM growth in vivo. Importantly, the absence of the hydroxyl group at C3 prevents binding to estrogen receptors, which might concur to the antitumor activity observed for compound 1, leading to a specific FGF/FGFR system inhibitor, and further supporting the role of FGFR in anticancer therapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 39, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Furiassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università, degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Nicole Bozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marseglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferlenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Retini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università, degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università, degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università, degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sara Matarazzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 39, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 39, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 39, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 39, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
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27
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Ortiz-Ruiz A, Ruiz-Heredia Y, Morales ML, Aguilar-Garrido P, García-Ortiz A, Valeri A, Bárcena C, García-Martin RM, Garrido V, Moreno L, Gimenez A, Navarro-Aguadero MÁ, Velasco-Estevez M, Lospitao E, Cedena MT, Barrio S, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Gallardo M. Myc-Related Mitochondrial Activity as a Novel Target for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071662. [PMID: 33916196 PMCID: PMC8037116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the development and acquisition of a malignant phenotype in hematological cancers. Recently, their role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has been suggested to be therapeutically explored. MYC is a master regulator of b-cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, and its activation is known to deregulate mitochondrial function. We investigated the impact of mitochondrial activity on the distinct entities of the disease and tested the efficacy of the mitochondrial inhibitor, tigecycline, to overcome MM proliferation. COXII expression, COX activity, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential demonstrated a progressive increase of mitochondrial features as the disease progresses. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic targeting using the mitochondrial inhibitor tigecycline showed promising efficacy and cytotoxicity in monotherapy and combination with the MM frontline treatment bortezomib. Overall, our findings demonstrate how mitochondrial activity emerges in MM transformation and disease progression and the efficacy of therapies targeting these novel vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yanira Ruiz-Heredia
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Morales
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Aguilar-Garrido
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Ortiz
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valeri
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bárcena
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Garrido
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gimenez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Lospitao
- CNIO-Lilly Cell Signalling and Immunometabolism Section, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Cedena
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Barrio
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallardo
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Grillo E, Corsini M, Ravelli C, Zammataro L, Bacci M, Morandi A, Monti E, Presta M, Mitola S. Expression of activated VEGFR2 by R1051Q mutation alters the energy metabolism of Sk-Mel-31 melanoma cells by increasing glutamine dependence. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:80-88. [PMID: 33744390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) activating mutations are emerging as important oncogenic driver events. Understanding the biological implications of such mutations may help to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets. Here we show that activated VEGFR2 via the pro-oncogenic R1051Q mutation induces relevant metabolic changes in melanoma cells. The expression of VEGFR2R1051Q leads to higher energy metabolism and ATP production compared to control cells expressing VEGFR2WT. Furthermore, activated VEGFR2R1051Q augments the dependence on glutamine (Gln) of melanoma cells, thus increasing Gln uptake and their sensitivity to Gln deprivation and to inhibitors of glutaminase, the enzyme initiating Gln metabolism by cells. Overall, these results highlight Gln addiction as a metabolic vulnerability of tumors harboring the activating VEGFR2R1051Q mutation and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for those patients harboring activating mutations of VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Luca Zammataro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
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29
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Romani C, Capoferri D, Grillo E, Silvestri M, Corsini M, Zanotti L, Todeschini P, Ravaggi A, Bignotti E, Odicino F, Sartori E, Calza S, Mitola S. The Claudin-Low Subtype of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Exhibits Stem Cell Features. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:906. [PMID: 33671478 PMCID: PMC7926503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low cancer (CL) represents a rare and biologically aggressive variant of epithelial tumor. Here, we identified a claudin-low molecular profile of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC), which exhibits the main characteristics of the homonym breast cancer subtype, including low epithelial differentiation and high mesenchymal signature. Hierarchical clustering and a centroid based algorithm applied to cell line collection expression dataset labeled 6 HGSOC cell lines as CL. These have a high energy metabolism and are enriched in CD44+/CD24- mesenchymal stem-like cells expressing low levels of cell-cell adhesion molecules (claudins and E-Cadherin) and high levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction transcription factors (Zeb1, Snai2, Twist1 and Twist2). Accordingly, the centroid base algorithm applied to large retrospective collections of primary HGSOC samples reveals a tumor subgroup with transcriptional features consistent with the CL profile, and reaffirms EMT as the dominant biological pathway functioning in CL-HGSOC. HGSOC patients carrying CL profiles have a worse overall survival when compared to others, likely to be attributed to its undifferentiated/stem component. These observations highlight the lack of a molecular diagnostic in the management of HGSOC and suggest a potential prognostic utility of this molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Romani
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Davide Capoferri
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.G.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Silvestri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.G.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.G.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.O.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (L.Z.); (P.T.); (A.R.); (E.B.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.O.); (E.S.)
| | - Franco Odicino
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.O.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.O.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.G.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- BDbiomed, Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.G.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
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Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030396. [PMID: 33494394 PMCID: PMC7865460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarabi A, Hushmandi K, Moghadam ER, Hashemi F, Daneshi S, Hashemi F, Tavakol S, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Dudha N, Garg M. C-Myc Signaling Pathway in Treatment and Prevention of Brain Tumors. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:2-20. [PMID: 33069197 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201016121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors such as the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), sensitive location in the brain, and unique biological features challenge the treatment of brain tumors. The conventional drugs are no longer effective in the treatment of brain tumors, and scientists are trying to find novel therapeutics for brain tumors. In this way, identification of molecular pathways can facilitate finding an effective treatment. c-Myc is an oncogene signaling pathway capable of regulation of biological processes such as apoptotic cell death, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and so on. These pleiotropic effects of c-Myc have resulted in much fascination with its role in different cancers, particularly brain tumors. In the present review, we aim to demonstrate the upstream and down-stream mediators of c-Myc in brain tumors such as glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma. The capacity of c-Myc as a prognostic factor in brain tumors will be investigated. Our goal is to define an axis in which the c-Myc signaling pathway plays a crucial role and to provide direction for therapeutic targeting in these signaling networks in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Universite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanli, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of physiotherapy, Faculty of rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Namrata Dudha
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201313, India
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Inhibition of the FGF/FGFR System Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells via c-Myc Downregulation and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249376. [PMID: 33317057 PMCID: PMC7763353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents an extremely diffused neoplastic disorder with different histological/molecular features. Among the different lung tumors, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most represented histotype, characterized by various molecular markers, including the expression/overexpression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1). Thus, FGF/FGFR blockade by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) or FGF-ligand inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic approach in lung cancers. In this study we demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting the FGF/FGFR system in FGF-dependent lung tumor cells using FGF trapping (NSC12) or TKi (erdafitinib) approaches. The results show that inhibition of FGF/FGFR by NSC12 or erdafitinib induces apoptosis in FGF-dependent human squamous cell carcinoma NCI-H1581 and NCI-H520 cells. Induction of oxidative stress is the main mechanism responsible for the therapeutic/pro-apoptotic effect exerted by both NSC12 and erdafitinib, with apoptosis being abolished by antioxidant treatments. Finally, reduction of c-Myc protein levels appears to strictly determine the onset of oxidative stress and the therapeutic response to FGF/FGFR inhibition, indicating c-Myc as a key downstream effector of FGF/FGFR signaling in FGF-dependent lung cancers.
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33
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Qi T, Qu J, Tu C, Lu Q, Li G, Wang J, Qu Q. Super-Enhancer Associated Five-Gene Risk Score Model Predicts Overall Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596777. [PMID: 33344452 PMCID: PMC7744621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell tumor with high heterogeneity, characterized by anemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and lytic bone lesions. Although various powerful prognostic factors and models have been exploited, the development of more accurate prognosis and treatment for MM patients is still facing many challenges. Given the essential roles of super-enhancer (SE) associated genes in the tumorigenesis of MM, we tried to initially screen and identify the significant prognostic factors from SE associated genes in MM by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) penalized Cox regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis using GSE24080 and GSE9782 datasets. Risk score model of five genes including CSGALNACT1, FAM53B, TAPBPL, REPIN1, and DDX11, was further constructed and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves showed that the low-risk group seems to have better clinical outcome of survival compared to the high-risk group. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves presented the favorable performance of the model. An interactive nomogram consisting of the five-gene risk group and eleven clinical traits was established and identified by calibration curves. Therefore, the risk score model of SE associated five genes developed here could be used to predict the prognosis of MM patients, which may assist the clinical treatment of MM patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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34
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Soncini D, Minetto P, Martinuzzi C, Becherini P, Fenu V, Guolo F, Todoerti K, Calice G, Contini P, Miglino M, Rivoli G, Aquino S, Dominietto A, Cagnetta A, Passalacqua M, Bruzzone S, Nencioni A, Zucchetti M, Ceruti T, Neri A, Lemoli RM, Cea M. Amino acid depletion triggered by ʟ-asparaginase sensitizes MM cells to carfilzomib by inducing mitochondria ROS-mediated cell death. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4312-4326. [PMID: 32915979 PMCID: PMC7509874 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a cancer vulnerability that could be therapeutically exploitable using different approaches, including amino acid depletion for those tumors that rely on exogenous amino acids for their maintenance. ʟ-Asparaginase (ASNase) has contributed to a significant improvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia outcomes; however, toxicity and resistance limit its clinical use in other tumors. Here, we report that, in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, the DNA methylation status is significantly associated with reduced expression of ASNase-related gene signatures, thus suggesting ASNase sensitivity for this tumor. Therefore, we tested the effects of ASNase purified from Erwinia chrysanthemi (Erw-ASNase), combined with the next-generation proteasome inhibitor (PI) carfilzomib. We observed an impressive synergistic effect on MM cells, whereas normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not affected. Importantly, this effect was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, compounded mitochondrial damage, and Nrf2 upregulation, regardless of the c-Myc oncogenic-specific program. Furthermore, the cotreatment resulted in genomic instability and DNA repair mechanism impairment via increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, which further enhanced its antitumor activity. Interestingly, carfilzomib-resistant cells were found to be highly dependent on amino acid starvation, as reflected by their higher sensitivity to Erw-ASNase treatment compared with isogenic cells. Overall, by affecting several cellular programs, Erw-ASNase makes MM cells more vulnerable to carfilzomib, providing proof of concept for clinical use of this combination as a novel strategy to enhance PI sensitivity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Soncini
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Minetto
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Division of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martinuzzi
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Fenu
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Miglino
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Rivoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Aquino
- Division of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alida Dominietto
- Division of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonia Cagnetta
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Clinical Cancer Pharmacology Unit, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Tommaso Ceruti
- Clinical Cancer Pharmacology Unit, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Antonino Neri
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto M Lemoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Guerra J, Chiodelli P, Tobia C, Gerri C, Presta M. Long-Pentraxin 3 Affects Primary Cilium in Zebrafish Embryo and Cancer Cells via the FGF System. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071756. [PMID: 32630309 PMCID: PMC7409334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium drives the left-right asymmetry process during embryonic development. Moreover, its dysregulation contributes to cancer progression by affecting various signaling pathways. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) system modulates primary cilium length and plays a pivotal role in embryogenesis and tumor growth. Here, we investigated the impact of the natural FGF trap long-pentraxin 3 (PTX3) on the determination of primary cilium extension in zebrafish embryo and cancer cells. The results demonstrate that down modulation of the PTX3 orthologue ptx3b causes the shortening of primary cilium in zebrafish embryo in a FGF-dependent manner, leading to defects in the left-right asymmetry determination. Conversely, PTX3 upregulation causes the elongation of primary cilium in FGF-dependent cancer cells. Previous observations have identified the PTX3-derived small molecule NSC12 as an orally available FGF trap with anticancer effects on FGF-dependent tumors. In keeping with the non-redundant role of the FGF/FGR system in primary cilium length determination, NSC12 induces the elongation of primary cilium in FGF-dependent tumor cells, thus acting as a ciliogenic anticancer molecule in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings demonstrate the ability of the natural FGF trap PTX3 to exert a modulatory effect on primary cilium in embryonic development and cancer. Moreover, they set the basis for the design of novel ciliogenic drugs with potential implications for the therapy of FGF-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guerra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.G.); (P.C.); (C.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.G.); (P.C.); (C.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.G.); (P.C.); (C.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.G.); (P.C.); (C.T.); (C.G.)
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (J.G.); (P.C.); (C.T.); (C.G.)
- Italian Consortium for Biotechnology (CIB), 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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36
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The Emerging Role of the FGF/FGFR Pathway in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093313. [PMID: 32392832 PMCID: PMC7246647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin arising in the gastrointestinal tract. The vast majority are characterized by mutually exclusive activating mutations in KIT or Platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRA) receptors, or less frequently by succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH) or NF1 inactivation, with very rare cases harboring mutant BRAF or RAS alleles. Approximately 5% of GISTs lack any of such mutations and are called quadruple wild-type (WT) GISTs. Recently, deregulated Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF-receptor (FGFR) signaling emerged as a relevant pathway driving oncogenic activity in different molecular subgroups of GISTs. This review summarizes all the current evidences supporting the key role of the FGF/FGFR pathway activation in GISTs, whereby either activating mutations, oncogenic gene fusions, or autocrine/paracrine signaling have been detected in quadruple WT, SDH-deficient, or KIT-mutant GISTs.
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