1
|
Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Linet MS, Slager SL, Voutsinas J, Nieters A, Casabonne D, Cerhan JR, Cozen W, Alarcón G, Martínez-Maza O, Brown EE, Bracci PM, Turner J, Hjalgrim H, Bhatti P, Zhang Y, Birmann BM, Flowers CR, Paltiel O, Holly EA, Kane E, Weisenburger DD, Maynadié M, Cocco P, Foretova L, Breen EC, Lan Q, Brooks-Wilson A, De Roos AJ, Smith MT, Roman E, Boffetta P, Kricker A, Zheng T, Skibola CF, Clavel J, Monnereau A, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Benavente Y, Hartge P, Smedby KE. B-Cell NHL Subtype Risk Associated with Autoimmune Conditions and PRS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1103-1110. [PMID: 35244686 PMCID: PMC9081255 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous International Lymphoma Epidemiology (InterLymph) Consortium evaluation of joint associations between five immune gene variants and autoimmune conditions reported interactions between B-cell response-mediated autoimmune conditions and the rs1800629 genotype on risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Here, we extend that evaluation using NHL subtype-specific polygenic risk scores (PRS) constructed from loci identified in genome-wide association studies of three common B-cell NHL subtypes. METHODS In a pooled analysis of NHL cases and controls of Caucasian descent from 14 participating InterLymph studies, we evaluated joint associations between B-cell-mediated autoimmune conditions and tertile (T) of PRS for risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 1,914), follicular lymphoma (n = 1,733), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL; n = 407), using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS We demonstrated a positive association of DLBCL PRS with DLBCL risk [T2 vs. T1: OR = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.43; T3 vs. T1: OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.59-2.07; P-trend (Ptrend) < 0.0001]. DLBCL risk also increased with increasing PRS tertile among those with an autoimmune condition, being highest for those with a B-cell-mediated autoimmune condition and a T3 PRS [OR = 6.46 vs. no autoimmune condition and a T1 PRS, Ptrend < 0.0001, P-interaction (Pinteraction) = 0.49]. Follicular lymphoma and MZL risk demonstrated no evidence of joint associations or significant Pinteraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PRS constructed from currently known subtype-specific loci may not necessarily capture biological pathways shared with autoimmune conditions. IMPACT Targeted genetic (PRS) screening among population subsets with autoimmune conditions may offer opportunities for identifying those at highest risk for (and early detection from) DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S. Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Susan L. Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jenna Voutsinas
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- The Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program – Epibell, IDIBELL, Institut Català d’ Oncologia/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - James R. Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Graciela Alarcón
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paige M. Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ora Paltiel
- Department of Hematology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elizabeth A. Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Maynadié
- Registry of Hematological Malignancies of Cote d'Or, INSERM U1231, Burgundy University and University Hospital, Dijon, France (Maynadie)
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Occupational Health Section, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth Crabb Breen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anneclaire J. De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), UMR1153, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), UMR1153, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program – Epibell, IDIBELL, Institut Català d’ Oncologia/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Karin E. Smedby
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dwyer KE, Wang R, Cozen W, Cartmel B, Wiemels JL, Morimoto LM, Metayer C, Ma X. Mode of Delivery, Birth Characteristics, and Early-Onset Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Population-Based Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2286-2293. [PMID: 34548330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is not well understood. METHODS We evaluated potential associations between mode of delivery, birth characteristics, and NHL risk in a population-based case-control study, which included 3,064 cases of NHL [490 with Burkitt lymphoma, 981 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 978 with T-cell NHL) diagnosed at the age of 0 to 37 years in California during 1988 to 2015 and 153,200 controls frequency matched on year of birth. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from an unconditional multivariable logistic regression model that included year of birth and birth characteristics. RESULTS Individuals born via cesarean section had a decreased risk of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (age 0-14 years; OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.99) and pediatric T-cell NHL (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97) compared with those born vaginally. Having a birth order of second (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) or third or higher (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-0.99) was associated with a lower risk of pediatric T-cell NHL compared with first-borns. AYA (age 15-37 years) with a heavier birthweight had an elevated risk of DLBCL (OR for each kg = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35). Associations between other birth characteristics, including plurality, maternal age, maternal education, and NHL risk, also exhibited variations across subgroups based on age of diagnosis and histologic subtype. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a role of mode of delivery and birth characteristics in the etiology of early-onset NHL. IMPACT This study underscores the etiologic heterogeneity of early-onset NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Dwyer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Brenda Cartmel
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Libby M Morimoto
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jones SJ, Stroshein S, Williams AM, Liu D, Spinelli JJ, Connors JM, Brooks-Wilson AR. Birth Order, Sibship Size, Childhood Environment and Immune-Related Disorders, and Risk of Lymphoma in Lymphoid Cancer Families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1168-1178. [PMID: 32169998 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial aggregation of lymphoid cancers and immune-related disorders suggests a role for genetic susceptibility; however, few studies examine environmental factors. According to the hygiene hypothesis, adult-onset immune-related diseases may be a consequence of reduced childhood infectious exposures and aberrant immune development. In a cohort of 196 multiple-case lymphoid cancer families, we analyzed environmental factors related to the hygiene hypothesis. METHODS Family structure, childhood environment, and immune-related disorders were examined among 196 lymphoid cancer families, in relation to risk of lymphoid cancer. We report on 450 lymphoid cancer cases and 1,018 unaffected siblings using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association. RESULTS The risk of lymphoma tended to decrease with later birth order (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89) and larger sibship size (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79-0.85). High maternal education, above average family income during childhood, allergies (OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.44-3.51), and tonsillectomy (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14-2.78) were independent risk factors for lymphoma. Familial lymphoid cancer cases were more likely to report environment (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.21-2.98) and drug (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.41-3.73) allergies. CONCLUSIONS These associations underscore the complex etiology of familial lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the largest multiple-case family-based study that supports the hygiene hypothesis contributing to lymphoid cancer risk. IMPACT Understanding the mechanism by which environmental and lifestyle factors affect lymphoid cancer risk may advance cancer prevention, even in the familial context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sumara Stroshein
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy M Williams
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dongmeng Liu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M Connors
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang J, Xu H, Liang X, Lv S, Lin B, Jia Y. Allergic conditions are not associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2189-2198. [PMID: 28458562 PMCID: PMC5403013 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s128849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between allergic conditions and the risk of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-HL (NHL). Systematic literature searches in PubMed and Embase were conducted up to October 2015 to identify eligible studies. Either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall odds ratios (ORs) according to heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup and publication bias analyses were applied. A total of 24 case–control studies and 13 cohort studies (conducted from 1987 to 2015) were included in the analysis of the risk of NHL. History of any allergic condition was inversely associated with the risk of NHL in case–control studies (OR =0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.91), while the reduction in the risk of NHL was not observed in cohort studies (OR =1.18, 95% CI 0.98–1.42). Significant association with the risk of NHL was found for asthma, hay fever, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and hives. In the pooled analysis of the risk of HL, 12 studies (two were cohort studies) were included. The pooled OR was 0.96 (95% CI 0.84–1.09) for case–control studies and 1.46 (95% CI 0.63–3.38) for cohort studies. For specific allergic condition, we observed a reduced risk of HL in individuals with hay fever and food allergy. In conclusion, history of any allergic condition was not significantly associated with the risk of NHL or HL. Several specific allergic conditions, including asthma, hay fever, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis, might be associated with a reduced risk of NHL, while individuals with hay fever or food allergy may have a reduced risk of HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong'en Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Lv
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihua Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshi Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Linet MS, Slager SL, Voutsinas J, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Cozen W, Alarcón GS, Martinez-Maza O, Brown EE, Bracci PM, Lightfoot T, Turner J, Hjalgrim H, Spinelli JJ, Zheng T, Morton LM, Birmann BM, Flowers CR, Paltiel O, Becker N, Holly EA, Kane E, Weisenburger D, Maynadie M, Cocco P, Foretova L, Staines A, Davis S, Severson R, Cerhan JR, Breen EC, Lan Q, Brooks-Wilson A, De Roos AJ, Smith MT, Roman E, Boffetta P, Kricker A, Zhang Y, Skibola C, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Benavente Y, Hartge P, Smedby KE. Associations of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) risk with autoimmune conditions according to putative NHL loci. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:406-21. [PMID: 25713336 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions and immune system-related genetic variations are associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In a pooled analysis of 8,692 NHL cases and 9,260 controls from 14 studies (1988-2007) within the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium, we evaluated the interaction between immune system genetic variants and autoimmune conditions in NHL risk. We evaluated the immunity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800629 (tumor necrosis factor gene (TNF) G308A), rs1800890 (interleukin-10 gene (IL10) T3575A), rs6457327 (human leukocyte antigen gene (HLA) class I), rs10484561 (HLA class II), and rs2647012 (HLA class II)) and categorized autoimmune conditions as primarily mediated by B-cell or T-cell responses. We constructed unconditional logistic regression models to measure associations between autoimmune conditions and NHL with stratification by genotype. Autoimmune conditions mediated by B-cell responses were associated with increased NHL risk, specifically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (odds ratio (OR) = 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.25, 4.30) and marginal zone lymphoma (OR = 5.80, 95% CI: 3.82, 8.80); those mediated by T-cell responses were associated with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.38). In the presence of the rs1800629 AG/AA genotype, B-cell-mediated autoimmune conditions increased NHL risk (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.07, 5.16; P-interaction = 0.03) in comparison with the GG genotype (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.53). This interaction was consistent across major B-cell NHL subtypes, including marginal zone lymphoma (P-interaction = 0.02) and follicular lymphoma (P-interaction = 0.04).
Collapse
|
6
|
Imai A, Santoro D. Canine atopic dermatitis reduces the risk of multicentric B cell lymphoma. Vet Rec 2015; 176:231. [PMID: 25351233 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Imai
- 81-7 Oyaguchi Kitamachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-0031, Japan
| | - D Santoro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cocco P, Satta G, D'Andrea I, Nonne T, Udas G, Zucca M, Mannetje A', Becker N, Sanjosé SD, Foretova L, Staines A, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Brennan P, Ennas MG, Boffetta P. Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: results of the Epilymph study. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2613-8. [PMID: 23065666 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We explored the risk of lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes associated with occupational contact with livestock, and whether risk was modified by age at first contact, in 2,348 incident lymphoma cases and 2,462 controls who participated in the EPILYMPH case-control study. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls, including working in a livestock farm, species of livestock, its approximate number and circumstances of contact. For each disease outcome, and each type of livestock, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and center. Lymphoma risk (all subtypes combined) was not increased amongst those exposed to contact with any livestock (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). Overall, we did not observe an association between occupational contact with livestock and risk of lymphoma (all types) and B-cell lymphoma. The risk of diffuse large B cell lyphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower amongst subjects who started occupational contact with any species of livestock before or at age 12 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), but not at older ages. A significant heterogeneity in risk of B cell lymphoma by age at first contact was detected for contact with cattle, poultry and swine. Early occupational contact with livestock might be associated with a decrease in risk of B cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Current understanding of lifestyle and environmental factors and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: an epidemiological update. J Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 2012:978930. [PMID: 23008714 PMCID: PMC3447374 DOI: 10.1155/2012/978930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have steadily increased over the last several decades in the United States, and the temporal trends in incidence can only be partially explained by the HIV epidemic. In 1992, an international workshop sponsored by the United States National Cancer Institute concluded that there was an “emerging epidemic” of NHL and emphasized the need to investigate the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of this disease. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for NHL, particularly for putative environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and international consortia have been established in order to investigate rare exposures and NHL subtype-specific associations. While few consistent risk factors for NHL aside from immunosuppression and certain infectious agents have emerged, suggestive associations with several lifestyle and environmental factors have been reported in epidemiologic studies. Further, increasing evidence has suggested that the effects of these and other exposures may be limited to or stronger for particular NHL subtypes. This paper examines the progress that has been made over the last twenty years in elucidating the etiology of NHL, with a primary emphasis on lifestyle factors and environmental exposures.
Collapse
|
9
|
Turner MC. Epidemiology: allergy history, IgE, and cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1493-510. [PMID: 22183126 PMCID: PMC11028502 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated potential associations between allergy history and cancer risk with strong inverse associations reported in studies of pancreatic cancer, glioma, and childhood leukemia. Recently, there has been a rapid expansion of the epidemiological literature both of studies evaluating self-reported allergy history in relation to cancer risk and of studies evaluating biological indicators of allergy history and immune function including levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E. However, there are several potential methodological limitations associated with prior studies, and further research is required to clarify associations observed. This paper summarizes the recent epidemiological literature examining associations between allergy history and cancer risk. From 2008, a total of 55 epidemiological studies were identified that examined some aspect of the association between allergy and cancer. Although the majority of studies examined self-reported allergy history in relation to cancer risk, there were also studies examining allergy diagnoses or discharges as captured in existing administrative databases, levels of IgE, polymorphisms of allergy, inflammatory- or allergy-related cytokine genes, and concentrations of immune regulatory proteins. The most frequently studied cancer sites included brain and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Potential methodological sources of bias are discussed as well as recommendations for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, One Stewart Street, Room 313, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crump C, Sundquist K, Sieh W, Winkleby MA, Sundquist J. Perinatal and family risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in early life: a Swedish national cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:923-30. [PMID: 22623506 PMCID: PMC3732249 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in early life has increased in recent decades, but the relevant risk factors remain largely unknown. We examined perinatal and family risk factors for NHL in childhood through young adulthood. METHODS We conducted a national cohort study of 3 571 574 individuals born in Sweden in 1973-2008 who were followed for incidence of NHL through 2009 (ages 0-37 years). Detailed information on perinatal and family characteristics and NHL diagnoses were obtained from national birth and cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between perinatal and family variables and NHL; P values are from two-sided tests. RESULTS There were 936 NHL case patients identified in 66.3 million person-years of follow-up. Independent risk factors for NHL included family history of NHL in either a sibling (adjusted HR = 9.84; 95% CI = 2.46 to 39.41; P = .001) or parent (adjusted HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.27 to 4.38; P = .007); high fetal growth (for ≥ 2 SDs relative to 0 to <1 SD from the mean: adjusted HR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.25; P = .002); older maternal age (adjusted HR for each 5-year increment = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.19; P (trend) = .004); low birth order (adjusted HR for each increment of one birth = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.99; P (trend) = .02); and male sex (adjusted HR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.38 to 1.80; P < .001). Male sex was associated with onset of NHL before 15 years of age but not with later-onset NHL, whereas the other risk factors did not vary by age at diagnosis. No association was found between gestational age at birth, twinning, paternal age, or parental education and NHL. CONCLUSION In this large national cohort study, family history of NHL, high fetal growth, older maternal age, low birth order, and male sex were independent risk factors for NHL in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 900 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94304-2205,USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Corrêa ZM, Augsburger JJ, Dalal MD, Spaulding A. Secondary intraocular uveal involvement by primary paranasal sinus lymphoma. Int Ophthalmol 2012; 32:397-400. [PMID: 22581320 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-012-9570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To report an unusual case of primary paranasal sinus lymphoma associated with intraocular secondary uveal involvement. Retrospective case report emphasizing the histopathologic diagnosis as well as imaging studies, and review of the pertinent literature. The diagnosis of ophthalmologic lymphoma can be difficult due to the infrequency of the disease, the diverse presentation, and the need for biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Prior clinical history and systemic testing may be important confirmations in diagnosing such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zélia M Corrêa
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Gomez SL, Wang SS, Keegan TH, Yang J, Chang ET. Lymphoid malignancies in U.S. Asians: incidence rate differences by birthplace and acculturation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1064-77. [PMID: 21493873 PMCID: PMC3111874 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies of the lymphoid cells, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), HL, and multiple myeloma, occur at much lower rates in Asians than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. It remains unclear whether these deficits are explained by genetic or environmental factors. To better understand environmental contributions, we examined incidence patterns of lymphoid malignancies among populations characterized by ethnicity, birthplace, and residential neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnic enclave status. METHODS We obtained data about all Asian patients diagnosed with lymphoid malignancies between 1988 and 2004 from the California Cancer Registry and neighborhood characteristics from U.S. Census data. RESULTS Although incidence rates of most lymphoid malignancies were lower among Asian than white populations, only follicular lymphoma (FL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and nodular sclerosis (NS) HL rates were statistically significantly lower among foreign-born than U.S.-born Asians with incidence rate ratios ranging from 0.34 to 0.87. Rates of CLL/SLL and NS HL were also lower among Asian women living in ethnic enclaves or lower SES neighborhoods than those living elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS These observations support strong roles of environmental factors in the causation of FL, CLL/SLL, and NS HL. IMPACT Studying specific lymphoid malignancies in U.S. Asians may provide valuable insight toward understanding their environmental causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bellizzi S, Cocco P, Zucca M, D'Andrea I, Sesler S, Monne M, Onida A, Piras G, Uras A, Angelucci E, Gabbas A, Rais M, Nitsch D, Ennas MG. Household contact with pets and birds and risk of lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 22:159-65. [PMID: 21153695 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact with household pets has been suggested to be inversely associated with lymphoma risk. METHODS We tested the hypothesis in a case-control study of lymphoma in the Sardinia region of Italy. Cases were 326 patients, first diagnosed with lymphoma in 1999-2003. Controls were 464 population controls, frequency matched to cases by age, gender, and area of residence. In person interviews included self-reported household contact with pets and birds, type of pet(s), and age at starting contact. RESULTS Frequent contact with birds was inversely associated with lymphoma, and particularly B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.4, 0.9). Contact with chickens accounted for this inverse association, which was strongest for first contact occurring at age ≤8 years (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 1.0). No association was observed when first contact occurred at age 9 or older. Contact with any pets was inversely associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 1.0), but not other lymphoma subtypes. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that early-life exposure to pets, birds and particularly with chickens might be associated with a reduced risk of lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, Monserrato, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Falster MO, Kane E, Smedby KE, Bracci PM, de Sanjose S, Becker N, Turner J, Martinez-Maza O, Melbye M, Engels EA, Vineis P, Costantini AS, Holly EA, Spinelli JJ, La Vecchia C, Zheng T, Chiu BCH, Franceschi S, Cocco P, Maynadié M, Foretova L, Staines A, Brennan P, Davis S, Severson RK, Cerhan JR, Breen EC, Birmann B, Cozen W. Birth order and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma--true association or bias? Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:621-30. [PMID: 20720098 PMCID: PMC2950815 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is inconsistent evidence that increasing birth order may be associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The authors examined the association between birth order and related variables and NHL risk in a pooled analysis (1983-2005) of 13,535 cases and 16,427 controls from 18 case-control studies within the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph). Overall, the authors found no significant association between increasing birth order and risk of NHL (P-trend = 0.082) and significant heterogeneity. However, a significant association was present for a number of B- and T-cell NHL subtypes. There was considerable variation in the study-specific risks which was partly explained by study design and participant characteristics. In particular, a significant positive association was present in population-based studies, which had lower response rates in cases and controls, but not in hospital-based studies. A significant positive association was present in higher-socioeconomic-status (SES) participants only. Results were very similar for the related variable of sibship size. The known correlation of high birth order with low SES suggests that selection bias related to SES may be responsible for the association between birth order and NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Grulich
- HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu Y, Prescott J, Sullivan-Halley J, Henderson KD, Ma H, Chang ET, Clarke CA, Horn-Ross PL, Ursin G, Bernstein L. Body size, recreational physical activity, and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk among women in the California teachers study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:1231-40. [PMID: 19822569 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status and physical activity are known to alter immune function, which may be relevant to lymphomagenesis. The authors examined body size measurements and recreational physical activity in relation to risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the prospective California Teachers Study. Between 1995 and 2007, 574 women were diagnosed with incident B-cell NHL among 121,216 eligible women aged 22-84 years at cohort entry. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models for all B-cell NHL combined and for the 3 most common subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Height was positively associated with risk of all B-cell NHLs (for >1.70 vs. 1.61-1.65 m, relative risk = 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.96) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (relative risk = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 3.41). Weight and body mass index at age 18 years were positive predictors of B-cell NHL risk overall. These findings indicate that greater height, which may reflect genetics, early life immune function, infectious exposures, nutrition, or growth hormone levels, may play a role in NHL etiology. Adiposity at age 18 years may be more relevant to NHL etiology than that in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Lu
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vajdic CM, Falster MO, de Sanjose S, Martínez-Maza O, Becker N, Bracci PM, Melbye M, Smedby KE, Engels EA, Turner J, Vineis P, Costantini AS, Holly EA, Kane E, Spinelli JJ, La Vecchia C, Zheng T, Chiu BCH, Dal Maso L, Cocco P, Maynadié M, Foretova L, Staines A, Brennan P, Davis S, Severson R, Cerhan JR, Breen EC, Birmann B, Cozen W, Grulich AE. Atopic disease and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an InterLymph pooled analysis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6482-9. [PMID: 19654312 PMCID: PMC2758272 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed a pooled analysis of data on atopic disease and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from 13 case-control studies, including 13,535 NHL cases and 16,388 controls. Self-reported atopic diseases diagnosed 2 years or more before NHL diagnosis (cases) or interview (controls) were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed in two-stage random-effects or joint fixed-effects models, and adjusted for age, sex, and study center. When modeled individually, lifetime history of asthma, hay fever, specific allergy (excluding hay fever, asthma, and eczema), and food allergy were associated with a significant reduction in NHL risk, and there was no association for eczema. When each atopic condition was included in the same model, reduced NHL risk was only associated with a history of allergy (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.94) and reduced B-cell NHL risk was associated with history of hay fever (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.95) and allergy (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93). Significant reductions in B-cell NHL risk were also observed in individuals who were likely to be truly or highly atopic-those with hay fever, allergy, or asthma and at least one other atopic condition over their lifetime. The inverse associations were consistent for the diffuse large B-cell and follicular subtypes. Eczema was positively associated with lymphomas of the skin; misdiagnosis of lymphoma as eczema is likely, but progression of eczema to cutaneous lymphoma cannot be excluded. This pooled study shows evidence of a modest but consistent reduction in the risk of B-cell NHL associated with atopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Vajdic
- University of New South Wales Cancer Research Center, Prince of Wales Clinical School and National Center in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, and Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Michos A, Dessypris N, Pourtsidis A, Moschovi M, Polychronopoulou S, Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou F, Kalmanti M, Syriopoulou VP, Mavrouli MD, Petridou ET. Delayed exposure to infections and childhood lymphomas: a case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:795-802. [PMID: 19169895 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Morton LM, Wang SS, Cozen W, Linet MS, Chatterjee N, Davis S, Severson RK, Colt JS, Vasef MA, Rothman N, Blair A, Bernstein L, Cross AJ, De Roos AJ, Engels EA, Hein DW, Hill DA, Kelemen LE, Lim U, Lynch CF, Schenk M, Wacholder S, Ward MH, Hoar Zahm S, Chanock SJ, Cerhan JR, Hartge P. Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. Blood 2008; 112:5150-60. [PMID: 18796628 PMCID: PMC2597610 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-133587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of etiologic commonality and heterogeneity for non-Hodgkin lymphomas may illuminate lymphomagenesis. We present the first systematic comparison of risks by lymphoma subtype for a broad range of putative risk factors in a population-based case-control study, including diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL; N = 416), follicular (N = 318), and marginal zone lymphomas (N = 106), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; N = 133). We required at least 2 of 3 analyses to support differences in risk: (1) polytomous logistic regression, (2) homogeneity tests, or (3) dichotomous logistic regression, analyzing all 7 possible pairwise comparisons among the subtypes, corresponding to various groupings by clinical behavior, genetic features, and differentiation. Late birth order and high body mass index (>/= 35) kg/m(2)) increased risk for DLBCL alone. Autoimmune conditions increased risk for marginal zone lymphoma alone. The tumor necrosis factor G-308A polymorphism (rs1800629) increased risks for both DLBCL and marginal zone lymphoma. Exposure to certain dietary heterocyclic amines from meat consumption increased risk for CLL/SLL alone. We observed no significant risk factors for follicular lymphoma alone. These data clearly support both etiologic commonality and heterogeneity for lymphoma subtypes, suggesting that immune dysfunction is of greater etiologic importance for DLBCL and marginal zone lymphoma than for CLL/SLL and follicular lymphoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoimmunity
- Birth Order
- Body Mass Index
- Case-Control Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
- Logistic Models
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
- Lymphoma, Follicular
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Meat/adverse effects
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Risk Factors
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tranah GJ, Bracci PM, Holly EA. Domestic and farm-animal exposures and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a population-based study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2382-7. [PMID: 18768507 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between animal exposures and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). METHODS Exposure data were collected from 1,591 cases and 2,515 controls during in-person interviews in a population-based case-control study of NHL in the San Francisco Bay Area. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Pet owners had a reduced risk of NHL (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) and diffuse large-cell lymphoma large cell (DLCL; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87) compared with those who never had owned a pet. Ever having owned dogs and/or cats was associated with reduced risk of all NHL (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94) and of DLCL (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86). Longer duration of cat ownership (P(trend) = 0.008), dog ownership (P(trend) = 0.04), and dog and/or cat ownership (P(trend) = 0.004) was inversely associated with risk of NHL. Ownership of pets other than cats and dogs was associated with a reduced risk of NHL (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55-0.74) and DLCL (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.47-0.71). Exposure to cattle for >or=5 years was associated with an increased risk of NHL (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.5) as was exposure to pigs for all NHL (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6) and for DLCL (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4). CONCLUSIONS The association between animal exposure and NHL warrants further investigation in pooled analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco Coordinating Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107-1728, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee JS, Bracci PM, Holly EA. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women: reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:278-88. [PMID: 18550561 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies of reproductive hormone exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have examined NHL subtypes. Associations between reproductive hormonal factors and risk of all NHL and of two predominant subtypes, diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) (n = 233) and follicular lymphoma (n = 173), were investigated among women (n = 581) in a large, population-based, case-control study (1,591 cases, 2,515 controls). Controls (n = 836) identified by random digit dialing were frequency matched by age and county to incident NHL cases ascertained in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in 1988-1993. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios. More than four pregnancies indicated a possible lower risk of all NHL (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 1.2; p-trend = 0.06) and of DLCL (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.90; p-trend = 0.01). Exclusive use of menopausal hormone therapy for > or =5 years was associated with a reduced risk of all NHL (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.98) and of DLCL (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.85). Oral contraceptive use indicated a lower risk of all NHL (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.94), and perhaps DLCL (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.2), and of follicular lymphoma (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.2). Results suggest that endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones confer different risks by NHL subtype and are associated with a reduced risk of DLCL in women.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Case-Control Studies
- Confidence Intervals
- Contraceptives, Oral/administration & dosage
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Life Style
- Logistic Models
- Lymphoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/prevention & control
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/prevention & control
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/prevention & control
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pregnancy
- Reproductive History
- Risk Factors
- SEER Program
- San Francisco/epidemiology
- Surveys and Questionnaires
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smedby KE, Hjalgrim H, Chang ET, Rostgaard K, Glimelius B, Adami HO, Melbye M. Childhood social environment and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. Cancer Res 2007; 67:11074-82. [PMID: 18006854 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Better hygiene and sanitation and decreasing family size parallel the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in many populations around the world. However, whether sibship size, birth order, and crowding are related to adult NHL risk is not clear. We investigated how family structure and childhood social environment were related to the risk of NHL and NHL subtypes in a large Scandinavian population-based case control study with 6,242 participants aged 18 to 74 years. Detailed exposure information was obtained through telephone interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression, and all statistical tests were two-sided. Having four or more siblings was associated with a moderately increased risk of NHL, compared with having no siblings (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.62, P(trend) < 0.001). Having four or more older siblings was associated with a similar risk increase (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.12-1.59, P(trend) = 0.003) compared with being the oldest, whereas number of younger siblings was unrelated overall. The associations were independent of other environmental exposures and did not vary by country, age, or sex. High household crowding was also positively associated with risk of NHL. Results were slightly stronger for diffuse large B-cell and T-cell lymphomas than for other major NHL subtypes. Our findings add to the evidence that large sibship size, late birth order, and childhood crowding are associated with an elevated risk of NHL. Effect mechanisms may be related to early age at onset and high frequency of specific infections or total microbial exposure in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ekström Smedby
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang SS, Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Colt JS, Morton LM, Engels EA, Davis S, Severson RK, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Hartge P. Immune mechanisms in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: joint effects of the TNF G308A and IL10 T3575A polymorphisms with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5042-54. [PMID: 17510437 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes (TNF G308A, rs1800629 and IL10 T3575A, rs1800890) have been recently reported as risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a large pooled analysis. We systematically investigated the effects of other established NHL risk factors in relation to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G308A or interleukin 10 (IL10) T3575A genotypes. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from 1,172 cases and 982 population-based controls in a U.S. multicenter study. We investigated NHL overall and two common subtypes [diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma]. NHL risks were increased among those with both an autoimmune condition and the TNF G308A GA/AA (OR(NHL), 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2) or the IL10 T3575A TA/AA genotype (OR(NHL), 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-2.6) compared with individuals without an autoimmune condition and with the common TNF G308A GG or IL10 T3575A TT genotype, respectively; results were similar for DLBCL and follicular lymphoma. We found that elevated DLBCL risk associated with last-born status was more pronounced among those with TNF G308A GA/AA (OR(DLBCL), 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.4) or IL10 T3575A TA/AA (OR(DLBCL), 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.2). Similarly, elevated DLBCL risk associated with obesity (body mass index, > or = 35 versus <25 kg/m(2)) was observed only among those with TNF G308A GA/AA (OR(DLBCL), 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.7) or IL10 T3575A TA/AA genotypes (OR(DLBCL), 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5). These exploratory results require replication but provide evidence that autoimmune conditions, late birth order, and obesity act partly through a common inflammatory pathway, posing a greater risk to individuals with variant TNF and IL10 genotypes than those with wild-type alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7234, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Martinez-Maza O, Ward MH, Linet M, Colt JS, Davis S, Severson RK, Hartge P, Bernstein L. The effect of atopy, childhood crowding, and other immune-related factors on non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18:821-31. [PMID: 17588155 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-9025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since adult immune responsiveness is influenced by early childhood exposures, we examined the role of family size, history of atopic disease, and other childhood immune-related exposures in a multi-center case-control study of NHL. METHODS Interviews were completed with 1,321 cases ascertained from population-based cancer registries in Seattle, Detroit, Los Angeles and Iowa, and with 1,057 frequency-matched controls, selected by random-digit dialing and from the Medicare files database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate risk. RESULTS A history of any allergy (excluding drug allergies), decreased risk of all NHL (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.7, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.6-1.0), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9), and follicular NHL (OR = 0.7, 95 CI = 0.5, 1.0). A similar effect was observed for hay fever. A history of eczema was associated with an increased risk of follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4), but not DLBCL (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6-2.0). Asthma did not affect risk. Youngest compared to oldest siblings had a 90% increased risk of DLBCL (95% CI = 1.2-3.1; p for trend with increasing birth order = 0.006), but not follicular lymphoma (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6-1.8). CONCLUSIONS We infer that some childhood and immune-related factors may alter NHL risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang SS, Slager SL, Brennan P, Holly EA, De Sanjose S, Bernstein L, Boffetta P, Cerhan JR, Maynadie M, Spinelli JJ, Chiu BCH, Cocco PL, Mensah F, Zhang Y, Nieters A, Dal Maso L, Bracci PM, Costantini AS, Vineis P, Severson RK, Roman E, Cozen W, Weisenburger D, Davis S, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Foretova L, Becker N, Staines A, Vornanen M, Zheng T, Hartge P. Family history of hematopoietic malignancies and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): a pooled analysis of 10 211 cases and 11 905 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph). Blood 2007; 109:3479-88. [PMID: 17185468 PMCID: PMC1852242 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-031948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for genetic susceptibility in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is supported by the accumulating evidence of common genetic variations altering NHL risk. However, the pattern of NHL heritability remains poorly understood. We conducted a pooled analysis of 10 211 NHL cases and 11 905 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) to evaluate NHL risk among those with hematopoietic malignancies in first-degree relatives. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NHL and its subtypes were estimated from unconditional logistic regression models with adjustment for confounders. NHL risk was elevated for individuals who reported first-degree relatives with NHL (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2-1.9), Hodgkin lymphoma (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.3), and leukemia (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-2.7). Risk was highest among individuals who reported a brother with NHL (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.6-4.8) and was consistent for all NHL subtypes evaluated. If a first-degree relative had Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL risk was highest if the relative was a parent (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.0-2.9). If a first-degree relative had leukemia, NHL risk was highest among women who reported a sister with leukemia (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.6-5.6). The pattern of NHL heritability appeared to be uniform across NHL subtypes, but risk patterns differed by specific hematopoietic malignancies and the sex of the relative, revealing critical clues to disease etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|