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Huang Y, Kang Y, Li Y, Cai L, Wu Q, Liu D, Mao X, Huang L, Osafo KS, Zhang Y, Xu S, Dong B, Sun P. HPV positivity status in males is related to the acquisition of HPV infection in females in heterosexual couples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:469-480. [PMID: 38172404 PMCID: PMC10917843 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have focused on the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in male partners on female HPV infection and cervical lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the HPV infection status of husbands on wives' cervical HPV infection and lesions. METHODS We surveyed 251 monogamous couples who attended the outpatient department of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from 2013 to 2021. HPV type analysis was performed on exfoliated cells of the females' cervix and males' urethra by the PCR-reverse dot blot method. We analyzed the prevalence and consistency of HPV types in 251 couples. Subsequently, the risk of HPV infection in females with HPV-positive male partners was analyzed. SPSS version 26 (IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In 251 couples, the most commonly detected high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes were 52, 51, 16, and 58 for males and 16, 52, 18, and 58 for females. Wives with HPV-positive husbands had higher infection rates for most HR-HPV genotypes. HR-HPV positivity in husbands was a risk factor for the development of cervical lesions in wives (OR = 2.250, P = 0.014). Both single-type (OR = 2.085, P = 0.040) and multiple-type (OR = 2.751, P = 0.036) infection in husbands will contributed to an increased risk of non-HR-HPV infection and cervical lesions in wives. CONCLUSION Husbands' HPV positivity increases the burden of non-HR-HPV infection and increases the risk of cervical lesions developing in wives. It is hoped to provide a reference value for cervical cancer prevention in females and HPV vaccination in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Kang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Cai
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Stefan Osafo
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Arthur AW, El-Zein M, Burchell AN, Tellier PP, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infections in sequential male sex partners of young females. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:247-253. [PMID: 37981060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Couple-based studies have considered human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission between current heterosexual partners (male↔female). Using data from young women and their sequential male partners, we analysed HPV transmission from upstream sexual partnerships (male 1↔female) to downstream sex partners (→male 2). METHODS Among 502 females enrolled in the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity study (2005-2011, Montréal, Canada), 42 brought one male sex partner at baseline (male 1) and another during follow-up (male 2). Female genital samples, collected at six visits over 24 months, and male genital samples, collected at two visits over 4 months, were tested for 36 HPV types (n = 1512 detectable infections). We calculated observed/expected ratios with 95% CIs for type-specific HPV concordance between males 1 and 2. Using mixed-effects regression, we estimated ORs with 95% CIs for male 2 testing positive for the same HPV type as male 1. RESULTS Detection of the same HPV type in males 1 and 2 occurred 2.6 (CI 1.9-3.5) times more often than chance (29 instances observed vs. 10.95 instances expected). The OR for male 2 positivity was 4.2 (CI 2.5-7.0). Adjusting for the number of times the linking female tested positive for the same HPV type attenuated the relationship between male 1 and 2 positivity, suggesting mediation. CONCLUSIONS High type-specific HPV concordance between males 1 and 2 confirms HPV's transmissibility in chains of sequential sexual partnerships. HPV positivity in an upstream partnership predicted positivity in a downstream male when the linking female partner was persistently positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Arthur
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Pierre-Paul Tellier
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Départements de Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire et de Médecine, Services de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3T2, Canada.
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Kalinganire N, Uwineza A, Kyokunda L, Banura C. Oral-genital HPV infection transmission, concordance of HPV genotypes and genital lesions among spouses/ partners of patients diagnosed with HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): a scoping review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:63. [PMID: 37858187 PMCID: PMC10588123 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increase in number of Human Papillomavirus related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-related HNSCC) High risk HPV(HR-HPV) types can be cleared by an infected person, however, some can persist and develop HN cancer. There is a broad knowledge gap regarding HPV and related cancers. MAIN TEXT The aim of this review is to assess existing published knowledge on oral-genital HPV transmission, concordance of HPV genotypes and risk of oral or/and genital lesions among spouses/partners of patients diagnosed with HPV-related HNSCC, identify gaps in the current research and highlight areas that requires further inquiry. METHOD Database like Pub med, Google Scholar, Scopus, Puplon, Wiley online library were used for search strategy. Published papers on transmission, concordance of HPV genotypes and genital lesions among spouses/partners of patients diagnosed with HPV-related HNSCC were included. Papers published from January1,2000 to October 31, 2022 were included. The published papers included are 8 Case reports, 2 cross-sectional studies, 3 Cohort studies and 2 systematic reviews. RESULTS A total of 2125 citations were retrieved from the five sources. 15papers were included. Case reports reported concurrent HPV-related oropharyngeal, tonsillar, unspecified HNSCC, laryngeal and nasopharyngeal carcinoma among couples. The two cross-sectional studies were done. Almost all the tumors taken from patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV-related OPC) and their spouses were positive for identical HPV 16 type. The three cohort studies showed an increase risk of upper aero-digestive tract cancer among male spouses of females with cervical cancer. Two systematic reviews reviewed literature studies which evaluated concurrent cases of HPV-related Oropharyngeal cancers. Examination of these papers showed that the majority of the studies suggested that there is HPV transmission, concordance and risk of HNSCC cancer among spouses with HPV-related oral-genital cancer. No studies evaluated the risk of developing genital cancer in spouses of patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSION The findings of this review highlighted big need of further research on oral-genital HPV infection among spouses of patients diagnosed with HPV-related HNSCC. Studies are needed to evaluate the risk of getting genital and upper aero-digestive tract HPV-related cancer among spouses with HPV-related HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kalinganire
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.
- University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Annette Uwineza
- University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- University Teaching Referral Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
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Kusters JMA, Brouwer JGM, van Benthem BHB, Heijne JCM, Schim van der Loeff MF. Global Type-Specific Genital Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Men, by Sexual Orientation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1023-1032. [PMID: 37079383 PMCID: PMC10582913 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on genital type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among men is important for prevention of HPV-related cancers and other diseases. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher anal prevalence than men who have sex with women only (MSW) but for genital HPV this is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of type-specific genital HPV prevalence among men, by sexual orientation. METHODS MEDLINE and Embase were used for searching publications reporting on male genital HPV prevalence with data from November 2011 onwards. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted estimating pooled type-specific and grouped external genital and urethral HPV prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sexual orientation. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were eligible. Of those, 13 studies reported prevalence among MSM, 5 among MSW, and 13 studies did not stratify by sexual orientation. The most common genotypes were HPV-6 and HPV-16 for both anatomical locations, although heterogeneity was high. HPV prevalence was similar among studies reporting on MSW, MSM, and men with unknown sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS Genital HPV is common among men, with HPV-6 and HPV-16 being the most common genotypes. Type-specific HPV genital prevalence appears to be similar among MSM and MSW, which contrasts with earlier findings on anal HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M A Kusters
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesca G M Brouwer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit H B van Benthem
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke C M Heijne
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Hu J, Ji L, Li P, Ni X, Huang Y, Tao J, Zhu H. Genital HPV Prevalence, Follow-Up and Persistence in Males and HPV Concordance Between Heterosexual Couples in Wenzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7053-7066. [DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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6
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Pauli S, Kops NL, Bessel M, Lina Villa L, Moreno Alves Souza F, Mendes Pereira GF, Neves Hugo F, Marcia Wendland E. Sexual practices and HPV infection in unvaccinated young adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12385. [PMID: 35859090 PMCID: PMC9300667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association of genital and oral HPV infection among different sexual practices in both sexes. In total, 6388 unvaccinated men and women aged 16–25 years from all state capitals of Brazil were enrolled in through primary care services between September 2016 and November 2017. Genital and oral HPV genotyping was performed using the Roche Linear Array. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was conducted to examine factors associated with overall HPV infection. A higher prevalence of genital HPV was found in women who practiced oral sex (57.85%) and in men who practiced all types of sex (65.87%). However, having more sexual partners and being younger were more important than the type of sex practiced. HPV 6 (7.1%) and 16 (10.5%) were significantly more prevalent in women who practiced oral sex, while HPV 6 (23.96%) and 11 (21.49%) were more prevalent in men who practiced anal sex. The type of sex was not associated with oral HPV prevalence. Genital and oral HPV infection were not associated by different sexual practices in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pauli
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil
| | - Natália Luiza Kops
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil
| | - Marina Bessel
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Moreno Alves Souza
- Department of Chronic Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Marcia Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil. .,Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Shoaib S, Islam N, Yusuf N. Phytocompounds from the medicinal and dietary plants: Multi-target agents for cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4481-4506. [PMID: 35232338 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Due to cervical cancer's high incidence and mortality, there is an unmet demand for effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive agents. At present, the preferred treatment strategies for advanced metastatic cervical cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, cervical cancer is gradually developing resistance to chemotherapy, thereby reducing its efficacy. Over the last several decades, phytochemicals, a general term for compounds produced from plants, have gained attention for their role in preventing cervical cancer. This role in cervical cancer prevention has garnered attention on the medicinal properties of fruits and vegetables. Phytochemicals are currently being evaluated for their ability to block proteins involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance against cervical cancer. Chemoresistance to cancer drugs like cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil has become a significant limitation of drug-based chemotherapy. However, the combination of cisplatin with other phytochemicals has been identified as a promising alternative to subjugate cisplatin resistance. Phytochemicals are promising chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic agents as they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative potential against many cancers, including cervical cancer. Furthermore, the ability of the phytochemicals to modulate cellular signaling pathways through up and down regulation of various proteins has been claimed for their therapeutic potential. Phytochemicals also display a wide range of biological functions, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, inhibition of invasion, and migration in cervical cancer cells. Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of different signaling proteins and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Here, we review the ability of several dietary phytochemicals to alter carcinogenesis by modulating various molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, United States
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Gay L, Melenotte C, Lakbar I, Mezouar S, Devaux C, Raoult D, Bendiane MK, Leone M, Mège JL. Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698121. [PMID: 34367158 PMCID: PMC8339590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in infectious diseases. Women are at less risk than men when it comes to developing most infectious diseases. However, understanding these observations requires a gender approach that takes into account an analysis of both biological and social factors. The host’s response to infection differs in males and females because sex differences have an impact on hormonal and chromosomal control of immunity. Estradiol appears to confer protective immunity, while progesterone and testosterone suppress anti-infectious responses. In addition, genetic factors, including those associated with sex chromosomes, also affect susceptibility to infections. Finally, differences in occupational activities, lifestyle, and comorbidities play major roles in exposure to pathogens and management of diseases. Hence, considering sexual dimorphism as a critical variable for infectious diseases should be one of the steps taken toward developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Ines Lakbar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Economy and Social Science, Health Care Systems and Societies, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Jaworek H, Koudelakova V, Oborna I, Zborilova B, Brezinova J, Ruzickova D, Vrbkova J, Kourilova P, Hajduch M. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in Czech non-vaccinated heterosexual couples. Virol J 2021; 18:80. [PMID: 33858457 PMCID: PMC8051085 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about the genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Czech Republic is limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concordance of genotype-specific HPV infection detected in semen samples, penile swabs and cervical swabs from non-vaccinated heterosexual couples without HPV-associated disease. METHODS Semen samples and penile swabs were collected from male partners and cervical swabs were collected from female partners of heterosexual couples treated for infertility (n = 195). Presence of HPV DNA in semen samples and cervical swabs was analyzed using the cobas® HPV Test and PapilloCheck®. Only the PapilloCheck® test was used to detect HPV in penile swabs. The genotype-specific prevalence and concordance of HPV infection not targeted by vaccine were evaluated using Fisher exact test. RESULTS Both partners were infected with any HPV type in 13.8% (27/195) of couples and, of these couples, 55.6% (15/27) harbored at least one mutual genotype. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes were detected in 12.3% (24/195) of semen samples, 31.3% (61/195) of penile swabs, and 19.5% (38/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). The most prevalent hrHPV genotype were HPV53 (2.56%; 5/195) in semen samples, HPV16 (6.67%, 13/195) in penile swabs and HPV39 (3.59%, 7/195) in cervical swabs. Low-risk (lrHPV) genotypes were detected in 5.13% (10/195) of semen samples, 15.9% (31/195) of penile swabs, and 4.10% (8/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). Male sexual partners of HPV-positive women were more likely to be infected with at least one of the same HPV types than female sexual partners of HPV-positive men (34.9% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the detection of HPV infection differ by anatomic site and gender. Regardless the anatomic site, high prevalence of HPV genital infection was found in both Czech men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jaworek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Koudelakova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Oborna
- Fertimed Ltd., Boleslavova 2, 776 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,SpermBank International, Katerinska 13, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Brezinova
- SpermBank International, Katerinska 13, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Ruzickova
- Arleta IVF Ltd., Komenskeho 702, 517 41, Kostelec nad Orlici, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kourilova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Su Y, Wei F, Huang X, Li Y, Qiu L, Hu F, Yang C, Zhang Y, Yin K, Li M, Wu T, Xia N, Zhang J. Prevalence, Concordance, and Transmission of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Heterosexual Couples in Liuzhou, China: An Observational Perspective Study. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:980-989. [PMID: 31074795 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission dynamics, which have important public health implications for designing HPV vaccination strategies, is scarce in undeveloped areas. METHODS From May to July 2014, 390 couples were enrolled from the general population in Liuzhou, China. Exfoliated cells from male penis shaft/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) sites and from female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were collected biannually for 1 year. RESULTS The HPV type-specific concordance rate between couples was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%-25.0%). For anogenital HPV transmission, the male-to-female transmission rate (11.5 [95% CI, 4.3-30.7] per 1000 person-months) was similar to the female-to-male transmission rate (11.3 [95% CI, 5.9-21.7] per 1000 person-months). The concordance rates between male PGC site and female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were 20.0%, 21.8%, and 14.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than expected by chance. Infections transmitted from males to females seemed mainly originated from male genital sites, whereas for female-to-male transmission, the vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites might be all involved. CONCLUSIONS Among the heterosexual couples with relatively conservative sexual behavior, the anogenital HPV transmission rate for females to males is similar to that of males to females. In addition to the vagina and vulva, the female PA site is also an important reservoir for HPV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Feixue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Xiumin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, affiliated to Xiamen University, Fujian
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Lingxian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Fangfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Chaoqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Yuejing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Kai Yin
- Liuzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Liuzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
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11
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Davarmanesh M, Dezfulian M, Gharavi MJ, Younesi S, Saadati P, Amin MMT, Jazayeri SM. Human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes concordance between Iranian couples referrals. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:22. [PMID: 31516545 PMCID: PMC6734344 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes concordance among sexual couples has been evaluated in many investigations with considerable variations in the concordance. However, no such study has carried out between Iranian couples yet. Methods Urogenital specimen from both males and females of couples were taken and transferred to Nilou laboratory for molecular analysis. HPV DNA extraction and typing were carried out using cobas 4800 platform. Demographic and virological data were analyzed afterwards. Results One hundred fourteen couples were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants were 36 ± 8 and 32 ± 7 for males and females, respectively. 64 (28%) of specimens were positive for at least one HPV genotype. The positive rates within genders were 30.7 and 25.4% for females and males, respectively with a considerable association (P value 0.021). Within the positive samples, 13(5.7%), 8 (7%) and 31(13.5%) were belonged to 16, 18 and other HR genotypes. 59 (51.8%) couples who were negative for HPV showed negative concordance. Of the total positive HPV patients (55 couples, 48.2%), 9 (16.3%) couples had positive concordance and the rest of 46 (83.7%) couples (either of spouse being negative and the other being positive for HPV) showed neither kinds of concordance. Conclusion Recognition of the dynamics of HPV infection not only in women, but in their sexual partners could impact the implementation of preventive measures like HPV vaccination for cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases for both sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Davarmanesh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrouz Dezfulian
- 1Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Gharavi
- 2Faculty of Paramedicine, Department of Laboratory sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- 4Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetic Laboratory, Laleh Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Effect of Immunomodulatory Supplements Based on Echinacea Angustifolia and Echinacea Purpurea on the Posttreatment Relapse Incidence of Genital Condylomatosis: A Prospective Randomized Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3548396. [PMID: 31111049 PMCID: PMC6487159 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3548396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. HPV infection is a highly infectious disease; about 65% of partners of individuals with genital warts will develop genital condylomatosis. Only in 20-30% it regresses spontaneously and relapse rates range deeply (9-80%). Echinacea extracts possess antiviral and immunomodulator activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy, using a formulation based on HPVADL18® (on dry extracts of 200 mg Echinacea Purpurea (EP) roots plus E. Angustifolia (EA)), on the posttreatment relapse incidence of genital condylomatosis. Materials and Methods. It is a prospective single-arm study. Patients with a satisfactory and positive vulvoscopy, colposcopy, or peniscopy for genital condylomatosis were divided into two random groups and subjected to destructive therapy with Co2 Laser. Group A (N=64) immediately after the laser therapy started a 4-month treatment with oral HPVADL18®; Group B (N=61) did not undergo any additional therapy. Patients were subjected to a follow-up after 1, 6, and 12 months. Differences in relapse incidence between the two groups during follow-up controls were evaluated by χ2-test; the groups were stratified by age, gender, and condylomatosis extension degree. Results and Discussion. Gender, age, and condyloma lesions' extension degree showed no statistically significant differences between the two trial groups. The relapse incidence differs statistically between the two studied groups and progressively decreases during the 12 months after treatment in both groups. Statistically significant reduction of relapse rates has been shown in Group A in patients over 25 years old. This difference is significant for both men and women. The relapse incidence is superior in case of extended condylomatosis. Conclusions. In conclusion, the presence of a latent infection causes condylomatosis relapse; in order to reduce the relapse risk an induction of a protective immune response seems to be essential to allow rapid viral clearance from genital areas surrounding lesion and treatment zones. Echinacea promotes this process. EP and EA dry root extracts seem to be a valid adjuvant therapy in reducing relapse incidence of lesions in patients treated for genital condylomatosis.
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13
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Kero K, Rautava J. HPV Infections in Heterosexual Couples: Mechanisms and Covariates of Virus Transmission. Acta Cytol 2019; 63:143-147. [PMID: 30799413 DOI: 10.1159/000494710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual intercourse is regarded as the primary route of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. Reported rates of the genotype-specific genital concordance of HPV infection among heterosexual partners vary. Most studies have evaluated only male/female genital transmission, but lately, the oral region has gained interest because of a rising trend of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Risk factors for type-specific concordance have been reported as an increasing number of younger couples, persistent HPV infection, higher frequency of sexual intercourse, rising number of spouse's lifetime sexual partners, and sexual relations with prostitutes. However, the concordance of the same genital HPV genotype does not absolutely mean that it has been transmitted by the current partner. There are also other possible non-sexual transmission routes. The detected HPV infection may also be a reactivation of a previous infection. The high complexity of HPV transmission dynamics within an individual him-/herself as well as within sexual couples is discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kero
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,
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14
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Lifestyle factors and oncogenic papillomavirus infection in a high-risk male population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184492. [PMID: 28898279 PMCID: PMC5595320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in males is a health issue with implications for HPV-related lesions in their partners. The identification of risk factors for male infection may improve our understanding of HR-HPV transmission and prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between lifestyle, genital warts and HR-HPV infection. The study was focused on men with an increased risk of HR-HPV infection: male sexual partners of women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions. Methods Men were enrolled and prospectively recruited within the first six months after diagnosis of cervical lesions in their female partners (n = 175, 2013–2016). Epidemiological and sexual behaviour data were obtained. The presence of genital warts was established by visual inspection. Detection and genotyping of HR-HPV infection in genital samples were performed with a Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. All HR-HPV positive men were offered a follow-up exam at 12 months. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. Results and discussion The prevalence of HR-HPV infection in men was 45.1% (79/175). Genital warts were observed in 10.3% (18/175) of the subjects. Detection of genital warts (OR 3.5, p = 0.015), smoking habits (OR 2.3, p = 0.006) and sexual debut before 16 years old (OR 2, p = 0.035) were associated with an increased risk for HR-HPV infection (univariate analysis). This association was also observed for genital warts and smoking status in a multivariate analysis. The same genotype was found after one year in 71.4% (20/28) of subjects. Conclusions The presence of genital warts and smoking habits seem to be associated with a higher risk of HR-HPV infection in males. Earlier sexual debut may increase this risk. Extensive knowledge of the natural history of HR-HPV infection in males is an absolute requirement for the design and implementation of prevention strategies for the general population as well as for specific populations such as couples after treatment for high-grade cervical lesions.
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15
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Shah A, Malik A, Garg A, Mair M, Nair S, Chaturvedi P. Oral sex and human papilloma virus-related head and neck squamous cell cancer: a review of the literature. Postgrad Med J 2017; 93:704-709. [PMID: 28778951 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality all around the world. Just like tobacco and alcohol, Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is now recognized to play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of HNSCCs. Unprotected sexual behaviours with the HPV carrier plays an important role in transmission of this virus. The global incidence of head and neck cancers is declining, but the incidence of HPV related head and neck cancers is rapidly increasing over the last few decades. However, most institutions do not mandate documentation of sexual history or counselling of patients regarding sexual practices like they do for tobacco and alcohol addictions in HNSCC patients. The aim of this review of literature is to analyse if there is a strong evidence to correlate oral sex with HPV related HNSCC and counsel the patient's regarding sexual behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Akshat Malik
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Apurva Garg
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Mair
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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16
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Pitts MJ, Stanley SJ, Kim S. College Males' Enduring and Novel Health Beliefs about the HPV Vaccine. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:995-1003. [PMID: 27463072 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1196421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
College males represent an important and overlooked catch-up population in the pursuit of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention. An in-depth understanding of college males' health beliefs about HPV and HPV prevention can guide the development of HPV health promotion messages targeted toward college males. We convened 9 focus groups among 84 college-aged males to discuss their perceptions of benefits and barriers toward HPV prevention 4 years after vaccine approval. Through participants' discourse, we identified health beliefs that continue to endure as barriers to HPV prevention (e.g., lack of knowledge/awareness, apathy, dismissiveness, stigma, practical barriers, and skepticism). Prevention and protection endure as perceived benefits to HPV prevention. We also identified novel college male health beliefs that have emerged since vaccine approval and hold great potential for the development of more effective health messaging. One novel barrier that emerged was the perception that it was "too late" for college males to benefit from the vaccine. Several novel benefits also emerged including a perception of wider social benefit beyond the self and partner, reduced worry and anticipated regret, and the belief that "there is no reason not to [vaccinate]." This study was guided by the health belief model (HBM) and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Kim
- a Department of Communication , University of Arizona
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17
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Rob F, Tachezy R, Pichlík T, Škapa P, Rob L, Hamšíková E, Šmahelová J, Hercogová J. Concordance of HPV-DNA in cervical dysplasia or genital warts in women and their monogamous long-term male partners. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1662-1670. [PMID: 28390162 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a premise for development of cervical dysplasia and genital warts (GWs). This cross-sectional study assesses concordance of HPV types present in GWs or cervical dysplasia in women and genital infection of their monogamous male partners in conjunction with seroprevalence of HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 antibodies. Blood was taken from both women and men, as well a smear of the urogenital area of men. HPV DNA detection in women was done in fixed paraffin embedded tissues under histological control. Of 143 couples who agreed to participate in the study, 68 met inclusion criteria. Type-specific concordance was observed in 32.5% (13/40) of couples in which women had genital warts and in 32.1% (9/28) of couples in which women had cervical dysplasia. In multivariate analysis only smoking in women was associated with concordance (P < 0.05). Prevalence of HPV-specific antibodies was high in male partners, but was not associated with presence of the same HPV type on their genitals. The same type-specific HPV antibodies were detected in 81.8% of men in couples with HPV-6 concordant genital warts, but only in 14.3% of men in couples with HPV-16 concordant cervical dysplasia (P < 0.01). These results suggest that type-specific HPV concordance in genital warts and cervical dysplasia lesions of women and genital infection of their male partners is common and similar. Higher seroconversion in couples with HPV-6 concordant genital warts compared with couples with HPV-16 concordant cervical dysplasia may be explained by viral load exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rob
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Bulovka Hospital, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Immunology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pichlík
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Motol Hospital, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Škapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Motol Hospital, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Rob
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Motol Hospital, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hamšíková
- Department of Immunology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šmahelová
- Department of Immunology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hercogová
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Bulovka Hospital, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Grabowski MK, Gravitt PE, Gray RH, Serwadda D, Redd AD, Kigozi G, Kong X, Nalugoda F, Wawer MJ, Quinn TC, Tobian AAR. Trends and Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Concordance Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive and -Negative Heterosexual Couples in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:772-780. [PMID: 28011913 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative or HIV-positive couples followed longitudinally. Methods Genital HPV was assessed in 725 concordant HIV-negative couples and 209 HIV-positive couples enrolled in a male circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda, using the Roche Linear Array assay, which detects 37 HPV genotypes. Human papillomavirus prevalence and determinants of genotype-specific concordance were assessed at annual visits. Cumulative detection of HPV genotypes over 2 years was also assessed. Results At enrollment, HPV infection was detected in 54% of HIV-negative women, 56% of HIV-negative men, and 93% of HIV-positive men and women. For HIV-negative couples, genotypic concordance was 30% at baseline (n = 219/725) and declined significantly with age (adjusted prevelance risk ratio [adjPRR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28-0.93 comparing women aged >40 years to those aged 15-19 years) and male circumcision (adjPRR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.47-0.77) and increased among couples with recent intercourse (adjPRR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.04-1.53). These associations were not seen in HIV-positive couples. Among couples with HPV results at all visits, ≥1 of the same genotypes were detected in both partners in 60% of HIV-negative couples and 96% of HIV-positive couples over 2 years. Conclusion Human papillomavirus genotype-specific concordance is more common in HIV-positive couples, and irrespective of HIV status, the majority of couples exhibit HPV concordance over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Grabowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patti E Gravitt
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C. USA
| | - Ronald H Gray
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda.,School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Xiangrong Kong
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Maria J Wawer
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Foresta C, Garolla A, Parisi S, Ghezzi M, Bertoldo A, Di Nisio A, De Toni L. HPV prophylactic vaccination in males improves the clearance of semen infection. EBioMedicine 2016; 2:1487-93. [PMID: 26629543 PMCID: PMC4634690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Malary M, Moosazadeh M, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Afshari M, Moghaddasifar I, Afsharimoghaddam A. The Prevalence of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Most At-risk Genotypes Among Iranian Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:70. [PMID: 27217936 PMCID: PMC4872517 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.181756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common sexual-transmitted infections among women is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which is associated with genital cancers. Different studies in Iran reported various prevalences, and combining their results could be important for health policy makers. This study aims to determine the total prevalence of HPV infection as well as its related genotypes, particularly HPV16 and HPV18 among Iranian healthy women. METHODS Searching the Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databanks using relevant keywords and excluding duplicates and irrelevant evidence followed by applying exclusion criteria and quality assessment, eligible articles were selected. Standard error of the prevalence was calculated based on binomial distribution. Random effects model was used because of the high heterogeneity among the results. RESULTS Of 14 studies entered into the systematic review, 24 pieces of evidence reported the HPV prevalence among 7655 healthy and noncancerous women in different Provinces of Iran. Total prevalence of HPV, 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8-12.02); HPV16, 2.03% (95% CI: 1.3-2.8); HPV18, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.9-2.5); and other genotypes of HPV, 5.3% (95% CI: 3.6-6.9) were estimated. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed that the total prevalence of HPV and its high-risk genotypes (16 and 18) among healthy noncancerous Iranian women was very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Malary
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Iman Moghaddasifar
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amin Afsharimoghaddam
- Department of Surgery, Shoole of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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López Diez E, Pérez S, Iñarrea A, de la Orden A, Castro M, Almuster S, Tortolero L, Rodríguez M, Montero R, Ojea A. Prevalence and concordance of high-risk papillomavirus infection in male sexual partners of women diagnosed with high grade cervical lesions. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:273-277. [PMID: 27004428 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the characteristics of high-risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in men. The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (a) to investigate HR-HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in men, sexual partners of women presenting with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), according to epidemiological characteristics, and (b) to assess type-specific concordance between partners. METHODS A total of 125 men were recruited within the first 6 months after HG-CIN diagnosis of their partner. Samples from the coronal sulcus, glans penis shaft, and scrotum were tested with linear array HPV genotyping assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Type-specific concordance within 120 couples was studied. Epidemiological factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. SPSS 19 (IBM, Chicago, USA). RESULTS The prevalence of HR-HPV infection in males was 50.4% (63/125). HPV16/53/52/51/66/31 were the most frequent genotypes (24/10.4/9.6/8.8/8/7.2%, respectively). Current smoking was associated with an increased risk for HR-HPV infection in men (38.2% (21/55) vs 60% (42/70), OR 2.4, p=0.025). Among 60 infected couples, 62% shared at least one genotype: 41.7% couples were concordantly HPV16 positive and 18.3% were HPV16 negative (kappa value: 0.21). The proportion of women with the same genotype as their male partner was higher than the proportion of men sharing the same genotype as their female partner: 58.7% (37/63) vs 30.8% (37/120), p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Sexual partners of women with HG-CIN are a significant reservoir and vector of HPV infection, a fact that could contribute to making viral clearance more difficult to achieve in their partners after treatment of their HG-CIN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López Diez
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Sonia Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Amparo Iñarrea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Angel de la Orden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Máximo Castro
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Sheila Almuster
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Tortolero
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Moises Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ruben Montero
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Antonio Ojea
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Kero K, Rautava J, Louvanto K, Syrjänen K, Grenman S, Syrjänen S. Genotype-specific concordance of oral and genital human papillomavirus infections among marital couples is low. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:697-704. [PMID: 26873377 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Data on genotype-specific concordance of oral-oral and genital-oral HPV infections among marital couples are key to understand HPV transmission between spouses. Genotype-specific concordance of HPV infections (oral/genital) and their co-variates among 131 marital couples were determined during 6-year follow-up (FU). Seven oral scrapings were taken from both spouses, accompanied by six genital samplings from the women and one (at baseline) from the male partners. HPV-genotyping was performed by nested PCR and a Luminex®-based Multimetrix Assay. Demographic data were collected with questionnaires at baseline and study conclusion. Prevalence of oral HPV varied from 10.3 to 27.0 % and 15.8 to 31.3 % in women and men, respectively. At baseline, 37.6 % of the male genital samples were HPV-positive while in female genital samples, HPV prevalence varied from 13.3 to 59.4 %. Only 15 couples had HPV genotype-specific concordance (oral-oral n = 7; male oral-female genital n = 9; female oral-male genital n = 2). In the nested case-control setting, higher number of deliveries (OR 0.145, 95%CI 0.030-0.706, p = 0.017) and higher number of intercourse (OR 0.488, 95%CI 0.243-0.978, p = 0.043) decreased the likelihood of concordant HPV infections while practicing oral sex increased the risk (OR 0.299, 95%CI 0.120-0.748, p = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, the likelihood of concordance was decreased by higher number of pregnancies of the female partner (p = 0.020) and by higher frequency of intercourse reported by the male spouse (p = 0.027). To conclude, asymptomatic HPV infections were common in both spouses while genotype-specific concordance was low. This supports the view that HPV profile of the spouses has been established before the current marital relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - J Rautava
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - K Syrjänen
- Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Grenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - S Syrjänen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Grabowski MK, Kong X, Gray RH, Serwadda D, Kigozi G, Gravitt PE, Nalugoda F, Reynolds SJ, Wawer MJ, Redd AD, Watya S, Quinn TC, Tobian AAR. Partner Human Papillomavirus Viral Load and Incident Human Papillomavirus Detection in Heterosexual Couples. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:948-56. [PMID: 26597261 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between partner human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load and incident HPV detection in heterosexual couples is unknown. METHODS HPV genotypes were detected in 632 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative couples followed for 2 years in a male circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda, using the Roche HPV Linear Array. This assay detects 37 genotypes and provides a semiquantitative measure of viral load based on the intensity (graded 1-4) of the genotype-specific band; a band intensity of 1 indicates a low genotype-specific HPV load, whereas an intensity of 4 indicates a high load. Using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, we measured the association between partner's genotype-specific viral load and detection of that genotype in the HPV-discordant partner 1 year later. RESULTS Incident detection of HPV genotypes was 10.6% among men (54 of 508 genotype-specific visit intervals) and 9.0% among women (55 of 611 genotype-specific visit intervals). Use of male partners with a baseline genotype-specific band intensity of 1 as a reference yielded adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], .58-2.27]) for incident detection of that genotype among women whose male partner had a baseline band intensity of 2, 1.75 (95% CI, .97-3.17) among those whose partner had an intensity of 3, and 2.52 (95% CI, 1.40-4.54) among those whose partner had an intensity of 4. Use of female partners with a baseline genotype-specific band intensity of 1 as a reference yielded an aRR of 2.83 (95% CI, 1.50-5.33) for incident detection of that genotype among men whose female partner had a baseline band intensity of 4. These associations were similar for high-risk and low-risk genotypes. Male circumcision also was associated with significant reductions in incident HPV detection in men (aRR, 0.53 [95% CI, .30-.95]) and women (aRR, 0.42 [95% CI, .23-.76]). CONCLUSIONS In heterosexual couples, the genotype-specific HPV load in one partner is associated with the risk of new detection of that genotype in the other partner. Interventions that reduce the HPV load may reduce the incidence of HPV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Ronald H Gray
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe
| | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe School of Public Health
| | | | - Patti E Gravitt
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | | | - Steven J Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Medicine Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe
| | - Maria J Wawer
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Watya
- Department of Urology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe
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Silva J, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. Y chromosome DNA in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of childbearing age women: Implications for epitheliotropic sexually transmitted infections? Life Sci 2015; 139:62-8. [PMID: 26281916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Assuming a possible association between Y chromosome (Yc)-DNA and sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission rate, could Yc-DNA be related to an increased prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1/2) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)? Could Yc-DNA be used to validate self-reported condom use and sexual behaviors? MAIN METHODS Cervicovaginal (CV) self-collected samples of 612 Portuguese women at childbearing age were tested for Yc, HPV, HSV-1/2 and CT by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). KEY FINDINGS The prevalence of Yc, HPV, CT and HSV-2 was 4.9%, 17.6%, 11.6% and 2.8%, respectively. There was a statistically significant trend for increased Yc-DNA prevalence in HPV positive samples [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-5.31] and oral contraceptive (OC) use (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.09-20.44). A protective effect of condom use was observed in Yc-DNA detection (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.89). No statistically significant difference was found between Yc-DNA, CT and HSV-2 infection. HPV infection risk increased with age (>20 years), young age at first sexual intercourse (FSI) (≤18 years), >1 lifetime sexual partner (LSP) and OC use. Risk factors for CT infection were young age (≤20 years) and young age at FSI (≤18 years). HSV-2 infection risk increased with age (>20 years) and >1 LSP. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the prevalence of HPV and CT in Yc positive samples, we hypothesize a current infection due to recent sexual activity. The study of Yc PCR may add information as (i) a predictor of STI transmission and (ii) an indicative biomarker to validate self-reported condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology GRP and Viral Pathology - IC, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN), Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology GRP and Viral Pathology - IC, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN), Portugal.
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25
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Khariwala SS, Moore MG, Malloy KM, Gosselin B, Smith RV. The "HPV Discussion": Effective Use of Data to Deliver Recommendations to Patients Impacted by HPV. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015. [PMID: 26220060 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815597200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dramatic rise in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) has brought significant change to the interaction between patients and head and neck oncologists. HPV-induced cancers are generally the result of elements from the patient's sexual history, and otolaryngologists are generally less experienced than primary care physicians in addressing patient questions relating to sexual history and practices. This article addresses questions commonly posed by patients relating to HPV-induced head and neck cancers, issues related to HPV vaccination, and surveillance of HPV-related lesions. Supporting data are provided such that physicians may be better equipped to sufficiently address patient queries on this topic. DATA SOURCES Available peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines. REVIEW METHODS Assessment and discussion of specific topics by authors selected from the Head and Neck Surgery Education Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. RESULTS An educational "miniseminar" resulted in a notable increase in attendee knowledge and comfort regarding oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma counseling for patients in the setting of HPV-positive disease. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The dramatic increase in HPV-associated head and neck cancers has resulted in a changed paradigm of the physician-patient interaction. Care providers in today's environment must be prepared to counsel patients regarding sexually transmitted diseases and high-risk sexual behaviors. Examination of the existing data provides the foundation with which to construct a framework in which physicians can effectively communicate information and recommendations as they pertain to HPV-related carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Khariwala
- Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael G Moore
- Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelly M Malloy
- Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benoit Gosselin
- Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dartmouth Medical Center, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Richard V Smith
- Department Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Liu M, He Z, Zhang C, Liu F, Liu Y, Li J, Xu Z, Wang Q, Hang D, Shen N, Pan Y, Guo C, Cai H, Ke Y. Transmission of genital human papillomavirus infection in couples: a population-based cohort study in rural China. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26204471 PMCID: PMC4512147 DOI: 10.1038/srep10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV transmission dynamics have rarely been studied in the general population, especially in China. We followed the genital HPV infection status of both partners in 874 couples aged 25-65 years from rural China for up to 7 bi-annual visits during 2009-2013. The positive HPV concordance and transmission rate for partners in a couple were evaluated and relevant risk factors were assessed. The concordance of any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV was 15.52%, 16.18% and 10.41%, respectively. Male-to-female transmission rate was 7.11, 12.13 and 4.77/1000 person months for any, oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV respectively. The female-to-male transmission rate was 5.56, 2.37, and 17.01/1000 person months for any, oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV respectively. The risk of male-to-female transmission was significantly higher than that of female-to-male transmission for oncogenic types. However, for non-oncogenic types, the risk of male-to-female transmission was significantly lower than that of female-to-male transmission. Younger couples, persistent infection with HPV, higher numbers of sexual partners and higher frequency of sexual intercourse were positively associated with HPV transmission in couples. Our results indicate that men in rural China play a more important role than men in western populations as a source of cervical oncogenic HPV infection in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Chanyuan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyao Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Na Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ke
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Parents' decisions about HPV vaccine for sons: the importance of protecting sons' future female partners. J Community Health 2015; 39:842-8. [PMID: 24633727 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents' decisions about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for sons may be influenced by potentially protecting sons' future female partners from HPV. We sought to identify characteristics of parents likely to consider future partner protection in vaccine decisions, and to determine if parents likely to consider future partners in vaccine decisions had greater intention to vaccinate. We performed a cross-sectional survey of parents with sons in a pediatric clinic in 2010. We used Fisher's exact tests to identify demographics associated with consideration of future female partners in vaccine decisions. We used adjusted logistic regression to determine if parents likely to consider future partner protection in vaccine decisions had greater intention to vaccinate sons. Most parents (76 %, 187/246) reported vaccine decisions for sons were likely to be influenced by preventing HPV transmission from sons to their female partners. Parents 40 years and older, White and Black parents (vs other race), non-Hispanic, and college-educated parents were significantly more likely to indicate female partner protection may influence vaccine decisions (p < 0.05). Parents likely to be influenced by female partner protection in vaccine decisions had greater intention to vaccinate sons than their counterparts (adjusted odds ratio 2.54, 95 % CI 1.22, 5.28). Overall, many parents were likely to consider sons' female partners in vaccine decisions. Because parents likely to consider female partners had increased intention to vaccinate sons, future efforts to improve vaccine uptake in boys should explore the benefits of highlighting potential female partner protection, as this concept may resonate with many parents.
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Giuliano AR, Nyitray AG, Kreimer AR, Pierce Campbell CM, Goodman MT, Sudenga SL, Monsonego J, Franceschi S. EUROGIN 2014 roadmap: differences in human papillomavirus infection natural history, transmission and human papillomavirus-related cancer incidence by gender and anatomic site of infection. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:2752-60. [PMID: 25043222 PMCID: PMC4297584 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cancer at multiple anatomic sites in men and women, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vulvar and vaginal cancers in women and oropharyngeal, anal and penile cancers in men. In this EUROGIN 2014 roadmap, differences in HPV-related cancer and infection burden by gender and anatomic site are reviewed. The proportion of cancers attributable to HPV varies by anatomic site, with nearly 100% of cervical, 88% of anal and <50% of lower genital tract and oropharyngeal cancers attributable to HPV, depending on world region and prevalence of tobacco use. Often, mirroring cancer incidence rates, HPV prevalence and infection natural history varies by gender and anatomic site of infection. Oral HPV infection is rare and significantly differs by gender; yet, HPV-related cancer incidence at this site is several-fold higher than at either the anal canal or the penile epithelium. HPV seroprevalence is significantly higher among women compared to men, likely explaining the differences in age-specific HPV prevalence and incidence patterns observed by gender. Correspondingly, among heterosexual partners, HPV transmission appears higher from women to men. More research is needed to characterize HPV natural history at each anatomic site where HPV causes cancer in men and women, information that is critical to inform the basic science of HPV natural history and the development of future infection and cancer prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alan G. Nyitray
- Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aimée R. Kreimer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Staci L. Sudenga
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Rettig E, Kiess AP, Fakhry C. The role of sexual behavior in head and neck cancer: implications for prevention and therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:35-49. [PMID: 25193346 PMCID: PMC4385715 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.957189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OSCC) is associated with oral sexual behaviors. The sharp rise in incidence of HPV-OSCC in the USA has been attributed to changes in sexual norms over the past five decades, with lower age at sexual debut and higher numbers of sexual partners per individual. In addition, variations in HPV-OSCC prevalence by race, age cohort and gender may be attributable to differences in oral sexual behaviors among these groups. Oral HPV infection is the putative precursor to HPV-OSCC. Risk factors for oral HPV incidence, prevalence, clearance and persistence are crucial to understanding how, and in whom, oral HPV infection progresses to malignancy. Future investigation should focus on elucidating the natural history of oral HPV infection persistence and malignant transformation, developing effective screening tools and exploring opportunities for prevention such as vaccination and public health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 601 N. Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ana Ponce Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 601 N. Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Brewer NT, Calo WA. HPV transmission in adolescent men who have sex with men. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 15:8-9. [PMID: 25435053 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)71019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior (NTB) and Department of Health Policy and Management (WAC), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (NTB), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William A Calo
- Department of Health Behavior (NTB) and Department of Health Policy and Management (WAC), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (NTB), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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31
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Lorenzon L, Terrenato I, Donà MG, Ronchetti L, Rollo F, Marandino F, Carosi M, Diodoro MG, Sentinelli S, Visca P, Vocaturo G, Bellardini P, Vocaturo A, Benevolo M. Prevalence of HPV infection among clinically healthy Italian males and genotype concordance between stable sexual partners. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reiter PL, Brewer NT, Gilkey MB, Katz ML, Paskett ED, Smith JS. Early adoption of the human papillomavirus vaccine among Hispanic adolescent males in the United States. Cancer 2014; 120:3200-7. [PMID: 24948439 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common among Hispanic males, but to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding HPV vaccination in this population. The authors examined the early adoption of the HPV vaccine among a national sample of Hispanic adolescent males. METHODS The authors analyzed provider-verified HPV vaccination data from the 2010 through 2012 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) for Hispanic males aged 13 years to 17 years (n = 4238). Weighted logistic regression identified correlates of HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of ≥ 1 doses). RESULTS HPV vaccine initiation was 17.1% overall, increasing from 2.8% in 2010 to 31.7% in 2012 (P < .0001). Initiation was higher among sons whose parents had received a provider recommendation to vaccinate compared with those whose parents had not (53.3% vs 9.0%; odds ratio, 8.77 [95% confidence interval, 6.05-12.70]). Initiation was also higher among sons who had visited a health care provider within the previous year (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-4.23). Among parents with unvaccinated sons, Spanish-speaking parents reported much higher intent to vaccinate compared with English-speaking parents (means: 3.52 vs 2.54; P < .0001). Spanish-speaking parents were more likely to indicate lack of knowledge (32.9% vs 19.9%) and not having received a provider recommendation (32.2% vs 17.7%) as the main reasons for not intending to vaccinate (both P < .05). CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccination among Hispanic adolescent males has increased substantially in recent years. Ensuring health care visits and provider recommendation will be key for continuing this trend. Preferred language may also be important for increasing HPV vaccination and addressing potential barriers to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is associated with a significant burden of disease and cancer, including anogenital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Effective prevention is available, including primary prevention of cancers and anogenital warts through HPV vaccination, and secondary prevention of cervical cancer through screening and treatment of precancer. This article focuses on HPV infection and the clinical consequences of infection, with attention to cervical and anogenital squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen F Dunne
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA.
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Kero KM, Rautava J, Syrjänen K, Kortekangas-Savolainen O, Grenman S, Syrjänen S. Stable marital relationship protects men from oral and genital HPV infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1211-21. [PMID: 24504632 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with sexual behavior. Changes in the sexual habits of couples and their impact on male genital and oral HPV infections were determined during 7 years of follow-up (FU). At baseline and 7 years FU, urethral, semen/penile, and oral samples were collected from 46 men and cervical and oral samples of their spouses for HPV DNA detection. Demographic data and risk factors of spouses were recorded by questionnaire at both time points and analyzed for concordance. HPV genotyping was done with the Multimetrix® kit. At baseline, 29.5 % of the male genital and 11 % of their oral samples tested positive. Incident genital HPV infection was found in 23 % and oral infection in 10.9 % of men. Genotype-specific persistence was detected in one man (HPV53) in genital samples. Moderate to almost perfect concordance of changes in sexual habits during FU among spouses were found. Changing partners [p = 0.028; odds ratio (OR) = 15; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.355-166.054] and marital status (p = 0.001; 95 % CI 0.000-0.002) increased the risk of incident genital HPV infections. The overall outcome of genital HPV disease in men was linked to the frequency of sexual intercourse (p = 0.023; 95 % CI 0.019-0.026) and changes in marital status (p = 0.022; 95 % CI 0.019-0.026), while oral HPV infections were associated with the number of sexual partners (p = 0.047; 95 % CI 0.041-0.052). Taken together, asymptomatic genital HPV infections among the men were common. The risk of incident genital HPV infections increased among men reporting a change of sexual partner during FU, implicating that a stable marital relationship protects against oral and genital HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland,
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Reiter PL, Oldach BR, Randle KE, Katz ML. Acceptability of HPV vaccine for males and preferences for future education programs among Appalachian residents. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:167-74. [PMID: 24085197 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313505319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Appalachia is a geographic region with several disparities related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, yet little is known about acceptability of HPV vaccine for males among Appalachian residents. HPV vaccine acceptability and preferences for future HPV vaccine education programs were examined among residents of Appalachian Ohio. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with Appalachian Ohio residents between July and October 2011. Participants (n = 102 from 24 focus groups and 5 in-depth interviews) included four key stakeholder groups: health care providers, community leaders, parents with adolescent sons, and young adult men ages 18 to 26 years. Support for vaccinating males against HPV was high among participants, despite low awareness and knowledge about HPV vaccine for males. Participants reported three categories of potential barriers to vaccinating males against HPV: concerns about vaccine safety and side effects, access to care and vaccination logistics, and gender and cultural issues. Participants reported that HPV vaccine was viewed as being only for females in their communities and that receiving the vaccine may be emasculating or embarrassing to males. Participants suggested that future HPV vaccine education programs mainly target parents, include basic information about HPV-related diseases and HPV vaccine (e.g., number of doses, cost), and present the vaccine as having the potential to prevent cancer (as opposed to preventing genital warts). Acceptability of HPV vaccine for males was high among residents of Appalachian Ohio. Future HPV vaccine education programs in Appalachia should address common potential barriers to vaccination and help destigmatize vaccination among males.
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Fakhry C, D'Souza G. Discussing the diagnosis of HPV-OSCC: common questions and answers. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:863-871. [PMID: 23876627 PMCID: PMC4264664 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a rising proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCCs). HPV-positive OSCCs (HPV-OSCCs) are associated with oral HPV infection and sexual behavior. Patient questions regarding risk factors, prognosis and implications for past, present and future relationships often arise. This manuscript addresses frequently asked questions by patients with HPV-OSCC and their families. A framework for clinicians to address these conversations and the limitations of our present knowledge base is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Ortashi O, Raheel H, Khamis J. Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination among male university students in the United Arab Emirates. Vaccine 2013; 31:5141-4. [PMID: 23965182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge about and acceptability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among male university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS Between June and August 2012 we approached 356 male university students from the UAE and asked them to fill out a 12-item self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Knowledge of HPV was low among the university students who participated (32%). Less than half of the students (46%) indicated they would accept HPV vaccination, and around 30% were unsure of their decision. Safety (68%), protection of their female partner (65%) and doctor's recommendation (64%) were rated as the factors most likely to increase the uptake of HPV vaccination among participating students. The factors rated most likely to stop students from using the vaccine were fear of side effects (85%), absence of clear benefits (38%) and objections from a religious authority (25%). Marital status and sexual activity were associated with greater knowledge of HPV but not with greater acceptance of vaccination among university students in the UAE. CONCLUSION Overall acceptability of and knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination were low in a sample of male university students in the UAE. Marital status and sexual activity are associated with greater knowledge of HPV infection but have no effect on the acceptability of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ortashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Reiter PL, McRee AL, Pepper JK, Gilkey MB, Galbraith KV, Brewer NT. Longitudinal predictors of human papillomavirus vaccination among a national sample of adolescent males. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:1419-27. [PMID: 23763402 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a longitudinal study to examine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among male adolescents and to identify vaccination predictors. METHODS In fall 2010 and 2011, a national sample of parents with sons aged 11 to 17 years (n = 327) and their sons (n = 228) completed online surveys. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of HPV vaccination that occurred between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Only 2% of sons had received any doses of HPV vaccine at baseline, with an increase to 8% by follow-up. About 55% of parents who had ever received a doctor's recommendation to get their sons HPV vaccine did vaccinate between baseline and follow-up, compared with only 1% of parents without a recommendation. Fathers (odds ratio = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.80) and non-Hispanic White parents (odds ratio = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.11, 0.76) were less likely to have vaccinated sons. Willingness to get sons HPV vaccine decreased from baseline to follow-up among parents (P < .001) and sons (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination against HPV remained low in our study and willingness to vaccinate may be decreasing. Physician recommendation and education about HPV vaccine for males may be key strategies for improving vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1590 North High St, Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
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HPV vaccination among adolescent males: results from the National Immunization Survey-Teen. Vaccine 2013; 31:2816-21. [PMID: 23602667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
US guidelines provided a permissive recommendation for HPV vaccine for males in 2009, with an updated recommendation for routine vaccination in 2011. Data on vaccine uptake among males, however, remain sparse. We analyzed 2010-2011 data (collected mostly prior to the recommendation for routine vaccination) from the National Immunization Survey-Teen for a nationally representative sample of adolescent males ages 13-17 (n=22,365). We examined HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of at least one dose based on healthcare provider records) as the primary outcome. Analyses used weighted logistic regression. HPV vaccine initiation increased from 1.4% in 2010 to 8.3% in 2011. Parents who reported receiving a healthcare provider recommendation to get their sons HPV vaccine were much more likely to have vaccinated sons (OR=19.02, 95% CI: 14.36-25.19). Initiation was also higher among sons who were Hispanic (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.24-2.71) or who were eligible for the Vaccines for Children program (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.01-2.31). Only 31.0% of parents with unvaccinated sons indicated their sons were "somewhat likely" or "very likely" to receive HPV vaccine in the next year. The most common main reasons for parents not intending to vaccinate were believing vaccination is not needed or not necessary (24.5%), not having received a provider recommendation (22.1%), and lack of knowledge (15.9%). HPV vaccination is low among adolescent males in the US, and provider recommendation for vaccination is likely key to improving vaccine uptake. Given the updated recommendation for routine vaccination and the changes in health insurance coverage that are likely to follow, continued efforts are needed to monitor HPV vaccination among males.
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Reiter PL, Fisher JL, Hudson AG, Tucker TC, Plascak JJ, Paskett ED. Assessing the burden of HPV-related cancers in Appalachia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 9:90-6. [PMID: 23143774 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Appalachia is a geographic region with existing cancer disparities, yet little is known about its burden of HPV-related cancers outside of cervical cancer. We assessed the burden of HPV-related cancers in three Appalachian states and made comparisons to non-Appalachian regions. We examined 1996-2008 cancer registry data for Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 9 program. For each gender, we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 population for each HPV-related cancer type (cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal and oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers) and all HPV-related cancers combined. Incidence rates among females for all HPV-related cancers combined were higher in Appalachian Kentucky [24.6 (95% CI: 23.5-25.7)], West Virginia [22.8 (95% CI: 22.0-23.6)] and Appalachian Ohio [21.9 (95% CI: 21.0-22.8)] than SEER 9 [18.8 (95% CI: 18.6-19.0)]. Similar disparities were found among females when examining cervical and vulvar cancers separately. Among males, Appalachian [21.3 (95% CI: 20.2-22.4)] and non-Appalachian [21.9 (95% CI: 21.2-22.7)] Kentucky had higher incidence rates for all HPV-related cancers combined than SEER 9 [18.3 (95% CI: 18.1-18.6)]. The incidence rate of all HPV-related cancers combined was higher among males from Appalachian Ohio compared with those from non-Appalachian Ohio [17.6 (95% CI: 16.8-18.5) vs. 16.3 (95% CI: 16.0-16.6)]. Our study suggests that HPV-related cancer disparities exist in Appalachia beyond the known high cervical cancer incidence rates. These results have important public health implications by beginning to demonstrate the potential impact that widespread HPV vaccination could have in Appalachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.
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Rocha MGDL, Faria FL, Gonçalves L, Souza MDCM, Fernandes PÁ, Fernandes AP. Prevalence of DNA-HPV in male sexual partners of HPV-infected women and concordance of viral types in infected couples. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40988. [PMID: 22815888 PMCID: PMC3398875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of HPV infection in men remains important due to its association with genital warts and anorectal cancer, as well as to the role men play in HPV transmission to their female sexual partners. Asymptomatic men (n = 43), whose sexual partners had presented cervical HPV infection, were enrolled in this study. Among the 43 men, 23 had their female partner included and tested for HPV-DNA, totaling 23 couples. HPV-DNA was detected by PCR. Type specific PCR to detect HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 6/11 was performed. At least one type of HPV was detected in 86.0% (37/43) of the male patients and more than one HPV type was identified in 39.5% (17/43) of the samples, including high and low risk HPV. HPV-16 proved to be the most prevalent viral type in both male and female samples. Concordance of at least one viral type was observed in 56.5% (13/23) of the couples. Among couples that have shown concordance of viral types, 84.6% (11/13) of the men had the same high risk viral type presented by the female sexual partner. These data suggest that HPV infected men is an important reservoir, contributing to a higher transmission to women and maintenance of infection, and consequently, a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. HPV vaccination in men will protect not only them but will also have implications for their sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Lopes Faria
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analyses, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonor Gonçalves
- Central-South Polyclinic – Center of Sexually Transmitted Diseases from the Central-South District of the City Hall of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo M. Souza
- Central-South Polyclinic – Center of Sexually Transmitted Diseases from the Central-South District of the City Hall of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula Ávila Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analyses, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analyses, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Jacobelli S, Sanaa F, Moyal-Barracco M, Pelisse M, Berville S, Villefroy P, North MO, Figueiredo S, Charmeteau B, Clerici T, Plantier F, Arnold F, Touzé A, Dupin N, Avril MF, Guillet JG, Cheynier R, Bourgault-Villada I. Anti-HPV16 E2 protein T-cell responses and viral control in women with usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and their healthy partners. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36651. [PMID: 22590583 PMCID: PMC3348873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell responses (proliferation, intracellular cytokine synthesis and IFNγ ELISPOT) against human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E2 peptides were tested during 18 months in a longitudinal study in eight women presenting with HPV16-related usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and their healthy male partners. In six women, anti-E2 proliferative responses and cytokine production (single IFNγ and/or dual IFNγ/IL2 and/or single IL2) by CD4+ T lymphocytes became detectable after treating and healing of the usual VIN. In the women presenting with persistent lesions despite therapy, no proliferation was observed. Anti-E2 proliferative responses were also observed with dual IFNγ/IL2 production by CD4+ T-cells in six male partners who did not exhibit any genital HPV-related diseases. Ex vivo IFNγ ELISPOT showed numerous effector T-cells producing IFNγ after stimulation by a dominant E2 peptide in all men and women. Since the E2 protein is absent from the viral particles but is required for viral DNA replication, these results suggest a recent infection with replicative HPV16 in male partners. The presence of polyfunctional anti-E2 T-cell responses in the blood of asymptomatic men unambiguously establishes HPV infection even without detectable lesions. These results, despite the small size of the studied group, provide an argument in favor of prophylactic HPV vaccination of young men in order to prevent HPV16 infection and viral transmission from men to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jacobelli
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.
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Nyitray AG, Menezes L, Lu B, Lin HY, Smith D, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss M, Gage C, Giuliano AR. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) concordance in heterosexual couples. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:202-11. [PMID: 22539815 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed genital human papillomavirus (HPV) concordance and factors associated with concordance among asymptomatic heterosexual couples. METHODS Genotyping for HPV was conducted with male and female sex partners aged 18-70 years from Tampa, Florida. Eligibility included no history of HPV-associated disease. Type-specific positive concordance (partners with ≥ 1 genotype in common) and negative concordance (neither partner had HPV) were assessed for 88 couples. Factors associated with concordance were assessed with Fisher exact tests and tests for trend. RESULTS Couples reported engaging in sexual intercourse for a median of 1.7 years (range, 0.1-49 years), and 75% reported being in the same monogamous relationship for the past 6 months. Almost 1 in 4 couples had type-specific positive concordance, and 35% had negative concordance for all types tested, for a total concordance of 59%. Concordance was not associated with monogamy. Type-specific positive concordance was associated with an increasing difference in partners' lifetime number of sex partners and inversely associated with an increasing difference in age. Negative concordance was inversely associated with both the couple's sum of lifetime number of sex partners and the difference in the partners' lifetime number of sex partners. CONCLUSIONS Genital HPV concordance was common. Viral infectiousness and number of sex partners may help explain concordance among heterosexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Nyitray
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA.
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Prevalence and concordance of HPV, HIV, and HSV-2 in heterosexual couples in Kigali, Rwanda. Sex Transm Dis 2012; 39:128-35. [PMID: 22249302 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e3182367c4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of prospectively collected transmission data, the transmission potential of a sexually transmissible infection (STI) can be estimated by its proxy of concordance in sexual partners. Here we report concordance data of 3 viral STIs: human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) among heterosexual couples in Kigali, Rwanda. METHODS Cervical and penile HPV typing was performed among 166 community-sampled fertile couples in Kigali, Rwanda (median sampling interval 10 days (interquartile range: 5-36). HIV and HSV-2 serostatus, curable STIs, and sociobehavioral and clinical characteristics were also assessed. RESULTS Concordance rates for all 3 viral STIs were higher than expected by chance alone. Positive concordance among couples was 25% for HSV-2, 15.7% for any HPV, 8.4% for high-risk (HR)-HPV, and 6% for HIV. HR-HPV prevalence among women and men was 19.9% and 26.5%, respectively. Partner's HIV status was more strongly associated with HR-HPV detection in men (OR: 8.5; confidence interval: 2.9-24.6) than in women (OR: 1.9; confidence interval 0.5-6.7). CONCLUSION More than half of the couples were discordant for HIV, HPV, and/or HSV-2, indicating that prevention strategies directed to infected cases are important to protect their uninfected sexual partners.
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Subtype distribution of human papillomavirus in HIV-infected women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stages 2 and 3 in Botswana. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2012; 30:591-6. [PMID: 21979597 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31821bf2a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines containing types 16 and 18 are likely to be effective in preventing cervical cancer associated with these HPV types. No information currently exists in Botswana concerning the HPV types causing precancerous or cancerous lesions. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of HPV types associated with precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stages 2 and 3 in HIV-infected women in Gaborone, Botswana. HIV-infected women referred to our clinic with high-grade intraepithelial lesion on the Pap smear were enrolled in the study. HPV typing was only performed if the histopathology results showed CIN stage 2 or 3 disease using linear array genotyping (CE-IVD, Roche Diagnostics). One hundred HIV-infected women were identified with CIN stages 2 or 3 between August 11, 2009 and September 29, 2010. Eighty-two of 100 women enrolled had coinfection by multiple HPV subtypes (range, 2 to 12). Of the remaining 18 women, 14 were infected with a single high-risk subtype and 4 had no HPV detected. Overall, 92 (92%) women were infected with at least 1 high-risk HPV subtype, and 56 were coinfected with more than 1 high-risk HPV type (range, 2 to 5). Fifty-one (51%) women had HPV subtypes 16, 18, or both. HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types in HIV-infected women with CIN 2 or 3 in Gaborone, Botswana, suggesting that the implementation of HPV vaccination programs could have a significant impact on the reduction of cervical cancer incidence. However, given the relative lack of knowledge on the natural history of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women and the significant prevalence of infection and coinfection with other high-risk HPV types in our sample, the true impact and cost-effectiveness of such vaccination programs need to be evaluated.
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Kero K, Rautava J, Syrjänen K, Grenman S, Syrjänen S. Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Male Genitalia and Their Concordance among Pregnant Spouses Participating in the Finnish Family HPV Study. J Sex Med 2011; 8:2522-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reiter PL, McRee AL, Kadis JA, Brewer NT. HPV vaccine and adolescent males. Vaccine 2011; 29:5595-602. [PMID: 21704104 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the United States approved quadrivalent HPV vaccine for males 9-26 years old, but data on vaccine uptake are lacking. We determined HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males, as well as stage of adoption and vaccine acceptability to parents and their sons. A national sample of parents of adolescent males ages 11-17 years (n=547) and their sons (n=421) completed online surveys during August and September 2010. Analyses used multivariate linear regression. Few sons (2%) had received any doses of HPV vaccine, and most parents and sons were unaware the vaccine can be given to males. Parents with unvaccinated sons were moderately willing to get their sons free HPV vaccine (mean=3.37, SD=1.21, possible range 1-5). Parents were more willing to get their sons vaccinated if they perceived higher levels of HPV vaccine effectiveness (β=0.20) or if they anticipated higher regret about their sons not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.32). Vaccine acceptability was also modest among unvaccinated sons (mean=2.98, SD=1.13, possible range 1-5). Sons were more willing to get vaccinated if they perceived higher peer acceptance of HPV vaccine (β=0.39) or anticipated higher regret about not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.22). HPV vaccine uptake was nearly nonexistent a year after permissive national recommendations were first issued for males. Vaccine acceptability was moderate among both parents and sons. Efforts to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent males should consider the important role of peer acceptance and anticipated regret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA.
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Baay MFD, Francois K, Lardon F, Van Royen P, Pauwels P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Verhoeven V. The presence of Y chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in the female vaginal swab: possible implications for human papillomavirus testing. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 35:101-3. [PMID: 21095173 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is the focus of recent research. However, it has been shown previously that male DNA can be detected in vaginal swabs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a female vaginal swab may reflect a male active HPV infection. METHODS Eleven women volunteered to take vaginal samples. The first sample was taken within hours after unprotected intercourse, the others each following morning for five consecutive days. On these samples, a Y-chromosomal locus, as a surrogate marker for HPV, was amplified by PCR. To investigate the prevalence of male DNA in self-obtained vaginal swabs, 282 swabs from 16 women enrolled in an ongoing HPV follow-up study were tested. RESULTS All baseline samples from the 11 women were positive for male DNA. In the follow-up samples, positivity ranged from day 1 till day 5, with a sharp drop from day 2 (91%) to day 3 (36%). Of 282 swabs, 23 (8.2%) were positive for male DNA. However, 10 of these 23 swabs were provided by one single woman. DISCUSSION Since HPV can be deposited by the male in the vagina, either through semen, or through exfoliated epithelial cells, our results are of some importance when testing for HPV in vaginal swabs. It is conceivable that women with acquired immunity to HPV, but with an HPV positive partner, are found to be HPV positive in the swab. However, larger studies on more diverse populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc F D Baay
- Laboratory for Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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