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Kozina N, Jukić I, Mihaljević Z, Matić A, Dobrivojević Radmilović M, Barić A, Drenjančević I. The Effect of High-Salt Diet on Oxidative Stress Production and Vascular Function in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N Knockout and Wild Type (C57BL/6N) Mice. J Vasc Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39074455 DOI: 10.1159/000539614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well documented that high-salt (HS) diet increases systemic and vascular oxidative stress in various animal models and in humans, leading to impairment of vascular reactivity. The present study examined the interaction of genotype and HS diet intake and the potential effects of oxidative stress - antioxidative system balance on the flow-induced dilation (FID) in pressurized carotid arteries of normotensive Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) controls. METHODS Male, ten-week-old transgenic Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N (Tff3-/-) knockout mice and WT/C57BL/6N (WT) (parental strain) healthy mice were divided in LS (0.4% NaCl in rodent chow) and HS (4% NaCl in rodent chow fed for 1 week) groups. Additionally, LS and HS groups were treated with 1 mmol/L 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) dissolved in the drinking water. After anesthesia with ketamine chloride (100 mg/kg) and midazolam (5 mg/kg), blood pressure was measured, carotid arteries and aortas were isolated, and blood samples were collected. RESULTS FID was decreased in WT_HS mice and restored by superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in vivo. On the other hand, attenuated FID of Tff3-/- mice was not further affected by HS diet or TEMPOL in vivo treatment. Vascular superoxide/reactive oxygen species levels were increased with HS diet in both strains and restored by TEMPOL. HS upregulated glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene expression in WT_HS and Tff3-/-_HS mice, while GPx activity was significantly decreased only in WT_HS group. Systemic (serum) markers of oxidative stress (oxLDL and AOPP) and arterial blood pressure were similar among groups. CONCLUSION HS diet increases vascular oxidative stress and impairs vasodilation in WT mice. Tff3 gene deficiency attenuates vasodilation per se, without further effects of HS intake. This can be attributed to vascular upregulation of antioxidative enzyme GPx1 in Tff3-/-/C57BL/6N mice conferring protection from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Kozina
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia,
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia,
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Anja Barić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Shinozuka T, Kanda M, Shimizu D, Umeda S, Takami H, Inokawa Y, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Tanaka C, Nakayama G, Kodera Y. Identification of stromal cell-derived factor 4 as a liquid biopsy-based diagnostic marker in solid cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15540. [PMID: 37730904 PMCID: PMC10511445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for serum diagnostic biomarkers to improve the prognosis of solid malignant tumors. Here, we conducted a single-institutional study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum stromal cell-derived factor 4 (SDF4) levels in cancer patients. Serum samples were collected from a total of 582 patients with solid cancers including gastric cancer (GC) and 80 healthy volunteers. SDF4 protein levels in sera, and conditioned media or lysates of human GC cell lines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and those in GC tissue by immunohistochemistry. Serum SDF4 levels were higher in patients with cancer than the healthy control in all cancer type. Regarding GC, serum SDF4 levels distinguished healthy controls from GC patients with the area under the curve value of 0.973, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 99%. Serum SDF4 levels were significantly elevated in patient with early stage GC. In immunohistochemistry, the frequency of SDF4-positive GC tumors did not vary significantly between GC stages. The ability of human GC cell lines to both produce and secrete SDF4 was confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, serum SDF4 levels could be a promising candidate for a novel diagnostic biomarker for GC and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shinozuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Minegishi K, Dobashi Y, Koyama T, Ishibashi Y, Furuya M, Tsubochi H, Ohmoto Y, Yasuda T, Nomura S. Diagnostic utility of trefoil factor families for the early detection of lung cancer and their correlation with tissue expression. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:139. [PMID: 36909373 PMCID: PMC9996639 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factors (TFFs) are upregulated in numerous types of cancer, including those of the breast, the colon, the lung and the pancreas, suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers for screening. In the present study, the clinical relevance of serum or urinary TFFs as biomarkers were comprehensively evaluated and the correlation with TFF expression levels in lung cancer tissue was examined. Serum and urine were collected from 199 patients with lung cancer and 198 healthy individuals. Concentrations of serum and urinary TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 were measured using ELISA and the potential of TFF levels to discriminate between cancer and non-cancer samples was evaluated. In 100 of the cancer cases, expression of TFF1-3 was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections. Furthermore, the relationship between TFF levels and clinicopathological factors among these cancer cases was analyzed using immunohistochemistry of tissue specimens, quantified and statistically analyzed. While serum levels of all TFFs measured using ELISA were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer compared with those in healthy individuals, urinary TFFs were lower. Areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves for serum/urinary TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 were 0.709/0.594, 0.722/0.501 and 0.663/0.665, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of serum TFF1, TFF2, TFF3 and urinary TFF1 and TFF3 demonstrated the highest AUC (0.826). In the clinicopathological analysis, serum TFF1 was higher in the early pathological T-stage (pTis/1/2) compared with the later stage (pT3/4) and TFF2 was higher in the pN0/1 than the pN2 group. With regards to the histological types, urinary TFF1 was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma (AC), but TFF2 tended to be higher in AC. Using immunohistochemical analysis, although TFF1 and TFF3 expression showed positive correlation with serum concentrations, TFF2 was inversely correlated. In conclusion, serum and urinary TFF levels are promising predictive biomarkers, and their measurements provide a useful in vivo and non-invasive diagnostic screening tool. In particular, TFF1 and TFF3 could be surrogate markers of clinicopathological profiles of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Minegishi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Saitama 330-8500, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Saitama 330-8500, Japan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishibashi
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Adachi, Tokyo 123-8558, Japan
| | - Miki Furuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Tsubochi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Saitama 330-8500, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Ohmoto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Ghouraba MH, Masad RJ, Mpingirika EZ, Abdelraheem OM, Zeghlache R, Alserw AM, Amleh A. Role of NELF-B in supporting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation during hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:761. [PMID: 34539865 PMCID: PMC8436359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative elongation factor-B (NELF-B), also known as cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1), is one of the four subunits of the NELF complex. It interacts with BRCA1, in addition to other transcription complexes in various tissues. The NELF complex represses the transcription of several genes by stalling RNA polymerase II during the early phase of transcription elongation. The role of NELF-B in liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of liver cancer, remains to be elucidated. It has been previously demonstrated that silencing of NELF-B inhibits the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of ectopic expression and silencing of NELF-B in liver cancer HepG2 and SNU449 cell lines. Functional assays were performed to examine the effects on gene and protein expression, viability, migration and invasion of cells. Overexpression of NELF-B did not alter the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, or the expression of tested genes, indicating that overexpression alone may not be sufficient for altering these features in HepG2 cells. By contrast, knockdown of NELF-B in SNU449 cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation, together with induction of apoptosis and decreased expression levels of Ki-67 and survivin, which are markers of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, silencing of NELF-B resulted in a significant decrease in the hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including cell migration and invasion, and decreased the expression levels of EMT markers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin. Decreased expression levels of forkhead box F2 transcription factor and increased mRNA levels of trefoil factor 1, a putative tumor suppressor, were also detected following the silencing of NELF-B. The current results demonstrated that NELF-B enhanced the manifestation of most hallmarks of cancer, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibition of apoptosis, indicating its critical role in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Hani Ghouraba
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Razan Jamil Masad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eric Zadok Mpingirika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mahmoud Abdelraheem
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Rached Zeghlache
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aya M Alserw
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Samson MH, Abildgaard AM, Espelund U, Rasmussen TR, Folkersen B, Frystyk J, Nexo E. Circulating trefoil factors in relation to lung cancer, age and lung function: a cross-sectional study in patients referred for suspected lung cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:446-450. [PMID: 34242119 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1943757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family proteins: TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 are secreted by epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Here, we explore circulating concentrations of the trefoil factors in relation to lung cancer, age and lung function. We included 751 patients suspected of lung cancer. Lung cancer diagnosis was based on data reported to a national database. Serum TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 concentrations were measured by ELISA, and spirometry was performed within ±3 days of blood sampling. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in relation to forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC (a parameter used to quantify reduced lung function) was recorded. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 163 (22%) patients. Circulating concentrations of TFF3 (p = .021), but not TFF1 and TFF2, were significantly elevated in cancer patients. All three trefoil factors showed an increase in concentration with increasing age (p < .001) and declining lung function (p < .004). In the present cohort, concentrations of all three peptides were elevated compared with previous results published for healthy individuals. In conclusion, we report higher concentrations of TFF3 in patients with lung cancer, while increasing age and reduced lung function are associated with increasing concentrations of all trefoil factors in this specific patient population. The results emphasize that age and lung function should be taken into consideration when evaluating concentrations of trefoil factors in patients. However, the increases in trefoil factor concentrations were relatively small, and consequently, it is unlikely that circulating trefoil factor concentrations may have a role in the diagnosis of lung cancer and lung function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie H Samson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders M Abildgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben R Rasmussen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebba Nexo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Thomas PB, Jeffery P, Gahete MD, Whiteside E, Walpole C, Maugham M, Jovanovic L, Gunter J, Williams E, Nelson C, Herington A, Luque RM, Veedu R, Chopin LK, Seim I. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cell lines toward a more aggressive phenotype. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10280. [PMID: 33585078 PMCID: PMC7860111 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important players in orchestrating cancer progression. In this study we characterized GHSROS, a human lncRNA gene on the opposite DNA strand (antisense) to the ghrelin receptor gene, in prostate cancer. The lncRNA was upregulated by prostate tumors from different clinical datasets. Transcriptome data revealed that GHSROS alters the expression of cancer-associated genes. Functional analyses in vitro showed that GHSROS mediates tumor growth, migration and survival, and resistance to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel. Increased cellular proliferation of GHSROS-overexpressing PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines in vitro was recapitulated in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Conversely, in vitro antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of the lncRNA reciprocally regulated cell growth and migration, and gene expression. Notably, GHSROS modulates the expression of PPP2R2C, the loss of which may drive androgen receptor pathway-independent prostate tumor progression in a subset of prostate cancers. Collectively, our findings suggest that GHSROS can reprogram prostate cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype and that this lncRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eliza Whiteside
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raul M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rakesh Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Jahan R, Shah A, Kisling SG, Macha MA, Thayer S, Batra SK, Kaur S. Odyssey of trefoil factors in cancer: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188362. [PMID: 32298747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFFs) are a family of small secretory molecules involved in the protection and repair of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). TFFs maintain and restore epithelial structural integrity via transducing key signaling pathways for epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. In recent years, TFFs have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, especially cancer. Initially recognized as tumor suppressors, emerging evidence demonstrates their key role in tumor progression and metastasis, extending their actions beyond protection. However, to date, a comprehensive understanding of TFFs' mechanism of action in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis remains obscure. The present review discusses the structural, functional and mechanistic implications of all three TFF family members in tumor progression and metastasis. Also, we have garnered information from studies on their structure and expression status in different organs, along with lessons from their specific knockout in mouse models. In addition, we highlight the emerging potential of using TFFs as a biomarker to stratify tumors for better therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sophia G Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India -191201
| | - Sarah Thayer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA.
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Yusufu A, Shayimu P, Tuerdi R, Fang C, Wang F, Wang H. TFF3 and TFF1 expression levels are elevated in colorectal cancer and promote the malignant behavior of colon cancer by activating the EMT process. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:789-804. [PMID: 31432157 PMCID: PMC6741840 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the roles of the secreted trefoil factor (TFF)1 and 3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their underlying mechanisms of action in tumorigenesis are not common and are controversial. In the present study, the mRNA expression and promoter methylation of TFF1 and TFF3 in cancer and adjacent normal tissues were investigated, and their association with other clinical factors and patient prognosis were evaluated. Moreover, the association between TFF3 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored by overexpressing or inhibiting TFF3 expression. The results revealed that the mRNA level of TFF1 and TFF3 in the cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the matched adjacent normal tissues (P=0.034 and P=0.007, respectively), and a higher expression of TFF3, but not TFF1, was predominantly associated with clinicopathological factors and a poorer prognosis. No correlation was observed between promoter methylation and the expression of TFF1 or TFF3. The overexpression of TFF3 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of HT29 cells, and induced an increase in the expression of Twist1, Snail and Vimentin, while causing a decrease in E-cadherin expression. On the contrary, the knockdown of TFF3 resulted in opposite effects in the LoVo cells. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that TFF3 may be a promising new factor for the estimation of the survival of patients with CRC, and may promote the malignant progression of CRC by activating the EMT process. Therefore, TFF3 may be a future potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikeremu Yusufu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Paerhati Shayimu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Rousidan Tuerdi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xi Jing Digestive Disease Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xi Jing Digestive Disease Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
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9
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Comparative RNA-seq analysis reveals dys-regulation of major canonical pathways in ERG-inducible LNCaP cell progression model of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4290-4306. [PMID: 31303963 PMCID: PMC6611515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (CaP) is the second leading cause of cancer related death in USA. In human CaP, gene fusion between androgen responsive regulatory elements at the 5'-untranslated region of TMPRSS2 and ETS-related genes (ERG) is present in at least 50% of prostate tumors. Here we have investigated the unique cellular transcriptome associated with over-expression of ERG in ERG-inducible LNCaP cell model system of human CaP. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses reveal a distinct signature that distinguishes ERG dependent and independent CaP in LNCaP cells. Our data highlight a significant heterogeneity among the transcripts. Out of the 526 statistically significant differentially expressed genes, 232 genes are up-regulated and 294 genes are down-regulated in response to ERG. These ERG-associated genes are linked to several major cellular pathways, cell cycle regulation being the most significant. Consistently our data indicate that ERG plays a key role in modulating the expression of genes required for G1 to S phase transition, particularly those that affect cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Moreover, cell cycle arrest in response to ERG appears to be promoted by induction of p21 in a p53 independent manner. These findings may provide new insights into mechanisms that promote growth and progression of CaP.
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10
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Taniguchi Y, Kurokawa Y, Takahashi T, Mikami J, Miyazaki Y, Tanaka K, Makino T, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Mori M, Doki Y. Prognostic Value of Trefoil Factor 3 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer. World J Surg 2019; 42:3997-4004. [PMID: 30039286 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a small molecule secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and is overexpressed in some human malignant tumors. We investigated the prognostic values of immunohistochemical (IHC) TFF3 expression and serum TFF3 levels in patients with gastric cancer, and whether TFF3 influenced tumor proliferation and invasion in vitro. METHODS We examined 111 patients who underwent R0 gastrectomy for gastric cancer between April 2012 and April 2015. IHC TFF3 expression and serum TFF3 levels were evaluated regarding their associations with clinicopathological factors and recurrence-free survival (RFS). In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were used to explore the biological role of TFF3 in human gastric cancer cell lines following transfection with a lentivirus-based shRNA plasmid. RESULTS IHC TFF3 expression showed significant associations with depth of invasion (p = 0.024), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.008), and RFS (log-rank p = 0.002). Serum TFF3 levels were correlated with IHC TFF3 expression (p = 0.013). RFS was significantly poorer in patients with high (n = 27) compared to low (n = 84) serum TFF3 levels (log-rank p = 0.003). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that serum TFF3 level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (p = 0.024). In vitro assays, TFF3 downregulation significantly inhibited both proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Serum TFF3 levels could be useful prognostic markers in patients with gastric cancer. TFF3 may play various biological roles in proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jota Mikami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Liu J, Kim SY, Shin S, Jung SH, Yim SH, Lee JY, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Overexpression of TFF3 is involved in prostate carcinogenesis via blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30139961 PMCID: PMC6107499 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is observed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), and its potential role in carcinogenesis, such as activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, is suggested. However, its role and its related mechanisms in prostate tumorigenesis remain unknown. To elucidate the role of TFF3 overexpression in PCa, we silenced TFF3 in two PCa cell lines that overexpressed TFF3 and explored the molecular mechanism behind its antiapoptotic role. We also examined TFF3 expression in 108 Korean PCa specimens and 106 normal prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The mean TFF3 IHC score in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues (4.702 vs. 0.311, P = 2.52 × 10-24). TFF3-silenced cells showed suppressed tumor cell growth and migration. TFF3 silencing decreased BCL2 and increased BAX expression. The translocation of BAX to the mitochondria was also confirmed. After TFF3 silencing, the expression of the mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins, cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO, was elevated, and these proteins were released from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Downstream mediators of mitochondrial apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, were also elevated. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly higher among TFF3-silenced cells. There was no difference in extrinsic apoptosis-related molecules after TFF3 silencing. All the results support that TFF3 silencing induces the downstream signaling pathway of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting TFF3 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Shin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug-Hyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Martín-Martín N, Zabala-Letona A, Fernández-Ruiz S, Arreal L, Camacho L, Castillo-Martin M, Cortazar AR, Torrano V, Astobiza I, Zúñiga-García P, Ugalde-Olano A, Loizaga-Iriarte A, Unda M, Valcárcel-Jiménez L, Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Piva M, Sánchez-Mosquera P, Aransay AM, Gomez-Muñoz A, Barrio R, Sutherland JD, Carracedo A. PPARδ Elicits Ligand-Independent Repression of Trefoil Factor Family to Limit Prostate Cancer Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 78:399-409. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Comprehensive Evaluation of TFF3 Promoter Hypomethylation and Molecular Biomarker Potential for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18092017. [PMID: 28930171 PMCID: PMC5618665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of clinically insignificant tumors remains a major problem in prostate cancer (PC) due to suboptimal diagnostic and prognostic tools. Thus, novel biomarkers are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the biomarker potential of Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) promoter methylation and RNA expression levels for PC. Initially, by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) analysis of a large radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort (n = 292), we found that the TFF3 promoter was significantly hypomethylated in PC compared to non-malignant (NM) prostate tissue samples (p < 0.001) with an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.908 by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, significant TFF3 promoter hypomethylation (p ≤ 0.010) as well as overexpression (p < 0.001) was found in PC samples from another large independent patient sample set (498 PC vs. 67 NM) analyzed by Illumina 450K DNA methylation arrays and/or RNA sequencing. TFF3 promoter methylation and transcriptional expression levels were inversely correlated, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the regulation of gene activity. Furthermore, low TFF3 expression was significantly associated with high ERG, ETS transcription factor (ERG) expression (p < 0.001), as well as with high Gleason score (p < 0.001), advanced pathological T-stage (p < 0.001), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after RP (p = 0.013; univariate Cox regression analysis). There were no significant associations between TFF3 promoter methylation levels, ERG status, or PSA recurrence in these RP cohorts. In conclusion, our results demonstrated diagnostic biomarker potential of TFF3 promoter hypomethylation for PC as well as prognostic biomarker potential of TFF3 RNA expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of TFF3 promoter methylation and transcriptional expression in PC to date.
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14
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Pandey V, Zhang M, Chong QY, You M, Raquib AR, Pandey AK, Liu DX, Liu L, Ma L, Jha S, Wu ZS, Zhu T, Lobie PE. Hypomethylation associated enhanced transcription of trefoil factor-3 mediates tamoxifen-stimulated oncogenicity of ER+ endometrial carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77268-77291. [PMID: 29100386 PMCID: PMC5652779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used as an adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer (BC). However, TAM possesses partial oestrogenic activity in the uterus and its use has been associated with an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma (EC). The molecular mechanism for these observations is not well understood. Herein, we demonstrated that forced expression of Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) EC cells significantly increased cell cycle progression, cell survival, anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness and tumour growth in xenograft models. Clinically, elevated TFF3 protein expression was observed in EC compared with normal endometrial tissue, and its increased expression in EC was significantly associated with myometrial invasion. TAM exposure increased expression of TFF3 in ER+ EC cells and its elevated expression resulted in increased oncogenicity and invasiveness. TAM-stimulated expression of TFF3 in EC cells was associated with hypomethylation of the TFF3 promoter sequence and c-JUN/SP1-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, small interfering (si) RNA-mediated depletion or polyclonal antibody inhibition of TFF3 significantly abrogated oncogenicity and invasiveness in EC cells consequent to TAM induction or forced expression of TFF3. Hence, TAM-stimulated upregulation of TFF3 in EC cells was critical in promoting EC progression associated with TAM treatment. Importantly, inhibition of TFF3 function might be an attractive molecular modality to abrogate the stimulatory effects of TAM on endometrial tissue and to limit the progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingliang You
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Amit K Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R China.,Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R China
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Division of Life Sciences & Health, Tsinghua University Graduate School, Shenzhen, P.R China
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Division of Life Sciences & Health, Tsinghua University Graduate School, Shenzhen, P.R China
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15
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Ishibashi Y, Ohtsu H, Ikemura M, Kikuchi Y, Niwa T, Nishioka K, Uchida Y, Miura H, Aikou S, Gunji T, Matsuhashi N, Ohmoto Y, Sasaki T, Seto Y, Ogawa T, Tada K, Nomura S. Serum TFF1 and TFF3 but not TFF2 are higher in women with breast cancer than in women without breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4846. [PMID: 28687783 PMCID: PMC5501858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a common malignancy in women, but the take-up for breast cancer screening programs in Japan is still low, possibly due to its perceived inconvenience. TFF1 and TFF3 are expressed in both breast cancer tissue and normal breast. Serum trefoil proteins were reported as cancer screening markers for gastric, prostate, lung, pancreatic cancer and cholangio carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine whether serum trefoil proteins could be screening biomarkers for breast cancer. Serum trefoil proteins in 94 breast cancer patients and 84 health check females were measured by ELISA. Serum TFF1 and TFF3 were significantly higher and serum TFF2 was significantly lower in breast cancer patients. Area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 was 0.69, 0.83, and. 0.72, respectively. AUC of the combination of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 was 0.96. Immunohistochemically, TFF1 expression was positive in 56.5% and TFF3 was positive in 73.9% of breast cancers, while TFF2 was negative in all tumors. Serum TFF1 had positive correlation with expression of TFF1 in breast cancer tissue. Serum concentrations of TFF1 and TFF3 but not TFF2 are higher in women with breast cancer than in women without breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishibashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kikuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Niwa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoe Nishioka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uchida
- Breast Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Miura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Aikou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasukazu Ohmoto
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Tokusima Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ogawa
- Breast Center, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Choi B, Lee HJ, Min J, Choe HN, Choi YS, Son YG, Ahn HS, Suh YS, Goldenring JR, Yang HK. Plasma expression of the intestinal metaplasia markers CDH17 and TFF3 in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:231-239. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boram Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery,
| | - Jimin Min
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi-Nyeong Choe
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery,
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17
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Xie H, Guo JH, An WM, Tian ST, Yu HP, Yang XL, Wang HM, Guo Z. Diagnostic value evaluation of trefoil factors family 3 for the early detection of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2159-2167. [PMID: 28405143 PMCID: PMC5374127 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CC).
METHODS Serum TFF3 and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were detected in 527 individuals, including 115 healthy control (HC), 198 colorectal adenoma (CA), and 214 CC individuals in the training group.
RESULTS Serum TFF3 showed no significant correlation with age, gender, or tumor location but showed significant correlation with the tumor stage. Serum TFF3 in the CC group was significantly higher than in the HC or CA group. The AUC values of TFF3 for discriminating between HC and CC and between CA and CC were 0.930 (0.903, 0.958) and 0.834 (0.796, 0.873). A multivariate model combining TFF3 and CEA was built. Compared to TFF3 or CEA alone, the multivariate model showed significant improvement (P < 0.001). For discriminating between HC and CC, HC and early stage CC, HC and advanced stage CC, CA and CC, CA and early stage CC, and CA and advanced stage CC in the training group, the sensitivities were 92.99%, 91.46%, 93.18%, 73.83%, 76.83%, and 81.82%, and the specificities were 91.30%, 91.30%, 93.91%, 88.38%, 77.27%, and 88.38%, respectively. After validation, the sensitivities were 89.39%, 85.71%, 90.79%, 72.73%, 71.43%, and 78.95%, and the specificities were 87.85%, 87.85%, 2.52%, 87.85%, 80.77%, and 87.50%, respectively.
CONCLUSION The multivariate diagnostic model that included TFF3 and CEA showed significant improvement over the conventional biomarker CEA and might provide a potential method for the early detection of CC.
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18
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Yusup A, Huji B, Fang C, Wang F, Dadihan T, Wang HJ, Upur H. Expression of trefoil factors and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer and their correlation with metastatic potential and prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:110-120. [PMID: 28104986 PMCID: PMC5221274 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of trefoil factors (TFFs) and TWIST1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and analyze their correlation with metastasis and survival.
METHODS This study examined the expression of TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 in a total of 75 tumor samples, 47 matched normal samples (15 cm from the lesion margin), 30 metastatic lymph nodes, and 10 liver metastatic cancer samples from patients with CRC. The relationship was then analyzed between the protein expression and different clinical records. TFF1, TFF3, TWIST1,E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were measured in colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials (HIEC, HT29, SW620, and LoVo cells), and the correlation of the expression levels with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was discussed.
RESULTS It was found that 66.7% (50/75), 78.7% (59/75) and 54.7% (41/75) of tumor tissue samples exhibited positive staining for TFF1, TFF3 and TWIST1 and so did 27.3% (13/47), 100% (47/47) and 17% (8/47) of adjacent normal colorectal tissues. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, significant differences were found in the expression of all three proteins in different cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Higher expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.034, P = 0.000), advanced stage (P = 0.031, P = 0.003), and poorer survival (P = 0.042 for the TFF3 group, P = 0.003 for the TWIST1 group). The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 in cancer cell lines was higher than that in HIEC (a normal human intestinal epithelial cell line)(P < 0.05), and the expression intensity demonstrated a tendency to rise with increased metastatic potential both at the protein and mRNA levels. However, TFF1 expression demonstrated the opposite tendency. It was also observed that the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin tended to decrease while that of vimentin, TWIST1 and Snail tended to rise with the increase in metastatic potential.
CONCLUSION The expression of TFF3 and TWIST1 might be associated with the survival of patients with CRC after curative resection and might be pivotal predictors of disease progression. TFF3 may be correlated to the invasiveness of CRC.
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19
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Li Q, Wang K, Su C, Fang J. Serum Trefoil Factor 3 as a Protein Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:440-445. [PMID: 27760866 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616674323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a need for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Our aim in the present study was to detect the serum level of trefoil factor 3 protein and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of trefoil factor 3 in patients with colorectal cancer. We collected serum samples from 204 participants (127 patients with colorectal cancer, 35 patients with polyps, and 42 healthy controls). The levels of serum trefoil factor 3 and carcinoembryonic antigen expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of trefoil factor 3 in patients with colorectal cancer. The serum levels of trefoil factor 3 in patients with colorectal cancer (6.66 ± 2.4 ng/mL; P < .00l) and polyps (3.86 ± 1.3 ng/mL; P < .00l) were significantly increased compared to healthy controls (2.09 ± 1.0 ng/mL). Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for trefoil factor 3 was greater than carcinoembryonic antigen (0.889 vs 0.715). At a cutoff value of 5.591 ng/mL, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio of serum trefoil factor 3 for colorectal cancer was 74.2%, 94.8%, and 14.25, respectively. Furthermore, the serum trefoil factor 3 levels in early colorectal cancer (TNM stage I, 3.67 ± 1.27 ng/mL) were significantly increased compared to healthy controls ( P < .001); however, there was no significant difference compared to patients with polyps ( P = .576). We observed that the serum trefoil factor 3 levels decreased after surgery (6.66 ± 2.4 vs 4.48 ± 1.80 ng/mL; P < .001). In addition, high serum trefoil factor 3 levels were associated with poor tumor differentiation and clinical TNM stage ( P < .05). In conclusion, serum trefoil factor 3 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- 1 Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Wang
- 2 Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Fang
- 4 Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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20
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Busch M, Dünker N. Trefoil factor family peptides – friends or foes? Biomol Concepts 2015; 6:343-59. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are a group of molecules bearing a characteristic three-loop trefoil domain. They are mainly secreted in mucous epithelia together with mucins but are also synthesized in the nervous system. For many years, TFF peptides were only known for their wound healing and protective function, e.g. in epithelial protection and restitution. However, experimental evidence has emerged supporting a pivotal role of TFF peptides in oncogenic transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Deregulated expression of TFF peptides at the gene and protein level is obviously implicated in numerous cancers, and opposing functions as oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been described. With regard to the regulation of TFF expression, epigenetic mechanisms as well as the involvement of various miRNAs are new, promising aspects in the field of cancer research. This review will summarize current knowledge about the expression and regulation of TFF peptides and the involvement of TFF peptides in tumor biology and cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Busch
- 1Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- 1Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Xiao P, Ling H, Lan G, Liu J, Hu H, Yang R. Trefoil factors: Gastrointestinal-specific proteins associated with gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:127-34. [PMID: 26265233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor family (TFF), composed of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3, is a cluster of secreted peptides characterized by trefoil domain (s) and C-terminal dimerization domain. TFF1, a gastric tumor suppressor, is a single trefoil peptide originally detected in breast cancer cell lines but expressed mainly in the stomach; TFF2, a candidate of gastric cancer suppressor with two trefoil domains, is abundant in the stomach and duodenal Brunner's glands; and TFF3 is another single trefoil peptide expressed throughout the intestine which can promote the development of gastric carcinoma. According to multiple studies, TFFs play a regulatory function in the mammals' digestive system, namely in mucosal protection and epithelial cell reconstruction, tumor suppression or promotion, signal transduction and the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. Action mechanisms of TFFs remain unresolved, but the recent demonstration of a GKN (gastrokine) 2-TFF1 heterodimer implicates structural and functional interplay with gastrokines. This review aims to encapsulate the structural and biological characteristics of TFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Gang Lan
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Haobin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of South China, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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22
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Jin EH, Lee SI, Kim J, Seo EY, Lee SY, Hur GM, Shin S, Hong JH. Association between Promoter Polymorphisms of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 and the Risk of Gastric and Diffuse Gastric Cancers in a Korean Population. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1035-41. [PMID: 26240479 PMCID: PMC4520932 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in TFF gene family, TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and GC subgroups in a Korean population via a case-control study. The eight polymorphisms in TFF gene family were identified by sequencing and genotyped with 377 GC patients and 396 controls by using TaqMan genotyping assay. The rs184432 TT genotype of TFF1 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of GC (odds ratio, [OR) = 0.45; 95% confidence interval, [CI] = 0.25-0.82; P = 0.009), more protective against diffuse-type GC (OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.89; P = 0.035) than GC (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.14-0.82; P = 0.017) in subjects aged < 60 yr, and correlated with lymph node metastasis negative GC and diffuse-type GC (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.23-0.86; P = 0.016 and OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.87; P = 0.031, respectively). In addition, a decreased risk of lymph node metastasis negative GC and diffuse-type GC was observed for rs225359 TT genotype of TFF1 (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.88; P = 0.020 and OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05-0.88; P = 0.033, respectively). These findings suggest that the rs184432 and rs225359 polymorphisms in TFF1 have protective effects for GC and contribute to the development of GC in Korean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Heui Jin
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JaeWoo Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Yel Lee
- National Biobank of Korea, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Ge H, Gardner J, Wu X, Rulifson I, Wang J, Xiong Y, Ye J, Belouski E, Cao P, Tang J, Lee KJ, Coberly S, Wu X, Gupte J, Miao L, Yang L, Nguyen N, Shan B, Yeh WC, Véniant MM, Li Y, Baribault H. Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) Is Regulated by Food Intake, Improves Glucose Tolerance and Induces Mucinous Metaplasia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126924. [PMID: 26083576 PMCID: PMC4471263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), also called intestinal trefoil factor or Itf, is a 59 amino acid peptide found as a homodimer predominantly along the gastrointestinal tract and in serum. TFF3 expression is elevated during gastrointestinal adenoma progression and has been shown to promote mucosal wound healing. Here we show that in contrast to other trefoil factor family members, TFF1 and TFF2, TFF3 is highly expressed in mouse duodenum, jejunum and ileum and that its expression is regulated by food intake. Overexpression of TFF3 using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, or daily administration of recombinant TFF3 protein in vivo improved glucose tolerance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Body weight, fasting insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol and leptin levels were not affected by TFF3 treatment. Induction of mucinous metaplasia was observed in mice with AAV-mediated TFF3 overexpression, however, no such adverse histological effect was seen after the administration of recombinant TFF3 protein. Altogether these results suggest that the therapeutic potential of targeting TFF3 to treat T2D may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ge
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaosu Wu
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ingrid Rulifson
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yumei Xiong
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Amgen, Protein Technologies, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Belouski
- Amgen, Protein Technologies, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Cao
- Amgen, Protein Technologies, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Amgen, Protein Technologies, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ki Jeong Lee
- Amgen, Lead Discovery, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Coberly
- Amgen, Pathology, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xinle Wu
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jamila Gupte
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lynn Miao
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Yang
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bei Shan
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Murielle M. Véniant
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Helene Baribault
- Amgen, Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Wang XN, Wang SJ, Pandey V, Chen P, Li Q, Wu ZS, Wu Q, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 as a novel biomarker to distinguish between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e860. [PMID: 25997063 PMCID: PMC4602872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In carcinoma, such as of the lung, the histological subtype is important to select an appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients. However, carcinomas with poor differentiation cannot always be distinguished on the basis of morphology alone nor on clinical findings. Hence, delineation of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the 2 most common epithelial-origin carcinomas, is pivotal for selection of optimum therapy. Herein, we explored the potential utility of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) as a biomarker for primary lung adenocarcinoma and extrapulmonary adenocarcinomas derived from different organs. We observed that 90.9% of lung adenocarcinomas were TFF3-positive, whereas no expression of TFF3 was observed in squamous cell carcinomas. The subtype of lung carcinoma was confirmed by four established biomarkers, cytokeratin 7 and thyroid transcription factor 1 for adenocarcinoma and P63 and cytokeratin 5/6 for squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, expression of TFF3 mRNA was observed by quantitative PCR in all of 11 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and highly correlated with markers of the adenocarcinomatous lineage. In contrast, little or no expression of TFF3 was observed in 4 lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. By use of forced expression, or siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3, we determined that TFF3 appeared to maintain rather than promote glandular differentiation of lung carcinoma cells. In addition, TFF3 expression was also determined in adenocarcinomas from colorectum, stomach, cervix, esophagus, and larynx. Among all these extrapulmonary carcinomas, 93.7% of adenocarcinomas exhibited TFF3 positivity, whereas only 2.9% of squamous cell carcinomas were TFF3-positive. Totally, 92.9% of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary adenocarcinomas exhibited TFF3 positivity, whereas only 1.5% of squamous cell carcinomas were TFF3-positive. In conclusion, TFF3 is preferentially expressed in adenocarcinoma and may function as an additional biomarker for distinguishing adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Wang
- From the Department of Pathology (X-NW, S-JW, PC, QL, Z-SW, QW); Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China (X-NW); Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore (VP, PEL); and National Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore (PEL). These authors contributed equally to this work
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25
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Perera O, Evans A, Pertziger M, MacDonald C, Chen H, Liu DX, Lobie PE, Perry JK. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) enhances the oncogenic characteristics of prostate carcinoma cells and reduces sensitivity to ionising radiation. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:104-11. [PMID: 25748388 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a secreted protein which functions in mucosal repair of the gastrointestinal tract. This is achieved through the combined stimulation of cell migration and prevention of apoptosis and anoikis, thus facilitating repair. Deregulated TFF3 expression at the gene and protein level is implicated in numerous cancers. In prostate cancer TFF3 has previously been reported as a potential biomarker, overexpressed in a subset of primary and metastatic cases. Here we investigated the effect of increased TFF3 expression on prostate cancer cell behaviour. Oncomine analysis demonstrated that TFF3 mRNA expression was upregulated in prostate cancer compared to normal tissue. Forced-expression models were established in the prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3, by stable transfection of an expression vector containing the TFF3 cDNA. Forced expression of TFF3 significantly increased total cell number and cell viability, cell proliferation and cell survival. In addition, TFF3 enhanced anchorage independent growth, 3-dimensional colony formation, wound healing and cell migration compared to control transfected cell lines. We also observed reduced sensitivity to ionising radiation in stably transfected cell lines. In dose response experiments, forced expression of TFF3 significantly enhanced the regrowth of PC3 cells following ionising radiation compared with control transfected cells. In addition, TFF3 enhanced clonogenic survival of DU145 and PC3 cells. These studies indicate that targeting TFF3 for the treatment of prostate cancer warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omesha Perera
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Angharad Evans
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mikhail Pertziger
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christa MacDonald
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Helen Chen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore; National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, 119074 Singapore
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Viby NE, Nexø E, Kissow H, Andreassen H, Clementsen P, Thim L, Poulsen SS. Trefoil factors (TFFs) are increased in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Peptides 2015; 63:90-5. [PMID: 25445610 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factors (TFFs) 1, 2 and 3 are small polypeptides that are co-secreted with mucin throughout the body. They are up-regulated in cancer and inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal system, where they are proposed to be involved in tissue regeneration, proliferation and protection. Our aim was to explore their presence in pulmonary secretions and to investigate whether they are up-regulated in pulmonary diseases characterized by mucin hypersecretion. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from 92 individuals referred to bronchoscopy. The patients were grouped according to diagnosis and pulmonary function. The concentrations of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 were measured by ELISA. All three peptides were detected in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had concentrations two to three times above the levels in the healthy reference group, and patients with pulmonary malignancies had concentrations of TFF1 and TFF2 three times that of the reference group. The results suggest that TFFs are involved in tissue regeneration, proliferation and protection in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels-Erik Viby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Ebba Nexø
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Andreassen
- Department of Pulmonology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Paul Clementsen
- Department of Pulmonology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lars Thim
- Department of Protein Engineering, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maalov, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Viby NE, Pedersen L, Lund TK, Kissow H, Backer V, Nexø E, Thim L, Poulsen SS. Trefoil factor peptides in serum and sputum from subjects with asthma and COPD. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 9:322-9. [PMID: 24720774 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trefoil factor peptides (TFF) are secreted onto mucosal surfaces together with mucins and occur in high concentrations in pulmonary secretions from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, we aimed to explore the concentrations of the peptides in serum and sputum in patients with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five individuals were included in the study, including 11 healthy individuals, 13 indivials with asthma and 11 individuals with COPD. TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sputum induced by hypertonic saline inhalation and in serum. Total protein content in sputum was also determined. RESULTS In the sputum samples from COPD patients, we observed an eightfold higher concentration of TFF1 and a fivefold higher concentration of TFF3 compared with controls. In the serum samples from COPD patients, we observed three-, three- and twofold higher concentrations of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 respectively compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS There is increased secretion of TFF peptides in the lungs of patients with COPD, as well as significant increases in serum levels. This suggests a role for TFF peptides in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases with mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels-Erik Viby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kromann Lund
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ebba Nexø
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Thim
- Department of Protein Engineering, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maalov, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xiao L, Liu YP, Xiao CX, Ren JL, Guleng B. Serum TFF3 may be a pharamcodynamic marker of responses to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:26. [PMID: 25031551 PMCID: PMC4099389 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a secreted protein, serum trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) has been reported to be a biomarker of several malignancies. We further investigated whether TFF3 can be applied as a biomarker for and predictor of responses to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected from 90 patients with gastric cancer, 128 patients with colorectal cancer and 91 healthy individuals. Serum and urine TFF3 levels were measured using an ELISA. RESULTS Serum and urine TFF3 levels were significantly higher in the patients with gastric and colorectal cancer compared with the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Higher serum levels of TFF3 were significantly correlated with distant metastasis and an advanced stage in the two types of cancer (P < 0.05). Age and the number of lymph node metastases were significantly correlated with serum TFF3 levels in colorectal cancer, and decreased serum TFF3 levels were significantly correlated with responses to chemotherapy in both the gastric and the colorectal cancer partial response (PR) groups. A combination of serum and urine data did not significantly improve the detection of either cancer, although urine levels have shown a significant negative relationship with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TFF3 may be an effective biomarker of tumor stage and the presence of distant metastasis, and may be a pharmacodynamic marker of response to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuan-Xing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bayasi Guleng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
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29
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Huang Z, Zhang X, Lu H, Wu L, Wang D, Zhang Q, Ding H. Serum trefoil factor 3 is a promising non-invasive biomarker for gastric cancer screening: a monocentric cohort study in China. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 24720760 PMCID: PMC4012276 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for better non-invasive biomarkers for gastric cancer remains ongoing. We investigated the predictive power of serum trefoil factor (TFF) levels as biomarkers for gastric cancer in comparison with the pepsinogen (PG) test. METHODS Patients with gastric cancer, chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) or chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), and healthy people were recruited. Serum concentrations of TFFs, PG I, and PG II, as well as the presence of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to compare the predictive powers of the selected factors. RESULTS The serum concentrations of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in the control groups were significantly lower than those in the gastric cancer group with the exception of TFF2 which was elevated in CAG. The area under the ROC curve for TFF3 was greater than that for the PG I/II ratio (0.81 vs 0.78). TFF3 also had a significantly higher predictive power for distinguishing gastric cancer than the PG test (odds ratio: 10.33 vs 2.57). Moreover, combining the serum TFF3 and PG tests for gastric cancer had better predictive power than either alone. CONCLUSIONS Serum TFF3 may be a better predictor of gastric cancer than the PG test, while the combined testing of serum PG and TFF3 could further improve the efficacy of gastric cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, 57# Xingning Road, Ningbo 315000, China.
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Markićević M, Džodić R, Buta M, Kanjer K, Mandušić V, Nešković-Konstantinović Z, Nikolić-Vukosavljević D. Trefoil factor 1 in early breast carcinoma: a potential indicator of clinical outcome during the first 3 years of follow-up. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:663-73. [PMID: 24843314 PMCID: PMC4025164 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role of an estrogen-regulated, autocrine motogenic factor was assumed to be a major biological role of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) in breast cancer. TFF1 is regarded as a predictive factor for positive response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients. The aim of our study was to examine TFF1 level distribution in breast carcinomas in order to distinguish estrogen-independent from estrogen-dependent TFF1 expression and to evaluate clinical usefulness of TFF1 status in early breast cancer during the first 3 years of follow-up. METHODS The study included 226 patients with primary operable invasive early breast carcinomas for whom an equal, a 3-year follow-up was conducted. TFF1 levels as well as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were measured in cytosolic extracts of tumor samples by immunoradiometric assay or by use of classical biochemical method, respectively. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied for data analyses. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that TFF1 levels were significantly higher in premenopausal patients (p=0.02), or in tumors with: lower histological grade (p<0.001), positive ER or PR status (p<0.001, in both cases). On the basis of TFF1 level distribution between ER-negative and ER-positive postmenopausal patients with tumors of different histological grade, 14 ng/mg was set as the cut-off value to distinguish estrogen-independent from estrogen-dependent TFF1 expression in breast cancer. Depending on menopausal and PR status, positive TFF1 status identified patients at opposite risk for relapse among ER-positive patients with grade II tumors. Among ER- and PR-positive premenopausal patients with grade II tumors, TFF1 status alone identified patients at opposite risk for relapse. CONCLUSIONS Determination of TFF1 status might identify patients at different risk for relapse and help in making decision on administering adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer patients during the first 3 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Markićević
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radan Džodić
- 2. Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; ; 3. University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Buta
- 2. Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Mandušić
- 4. Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zora Nešković-Konstantinović
- 5. Clinic of Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Nikolić-Vukosavljević
- 1. Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Du TY, Luo HM, Qin HC, Wang F, Wang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y. Circulating serum trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is dramatically increased in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80271. [PMID: 24282531 PMCID: PMC3840008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a small peptide that plays an important role in mucosal protection, cell proliferation, and cell migration. The aberrant expression of TFF3 is correlated with gastrointestinal inflammation, solid tumors, and other clinical diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the distribution characteristics of serum TFF3 in common clinical diseases. Materials and Methods A large prospective randomized study of 1,072 Chinese patients was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine the serum TFF3 concentrations in patients with different diseases. A matched case-control study was conducted on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–5. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using renal tissues to determine the relationship between the severity of CKD and the serum and urine concentrations of TFF3 peptides. Results The mean serum concentrations of TFF3 in patients with CKD, metastatic and secondary carcinoma (MC) and acute gastroenteritis (AG) (200.9 ng/ml, 95.7 ng/ml and 71.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than those in patients with other common clinical diseases. A positive correlation tendency was observed between the serum TFF3 concentrations and the severity of CKD. The mean serum TFF3 values for CKD stages 1–5 were 23.6 ng/ml, 29.9 ng/ml, 54.9 ng/ml, 85.0 ng/ml and 176.6 ng/ml, respectively. The same trend was observed in the urine TFF3 concentrations and the CKD stages. The creatinine(Cr)-corrected concentrations of TFF3 in urine were 367.1 ng/mg·Cr, 910.6 ng/mg·Cr, 1,149.0 ng/mg·Cr, 1,610.0 ng/mg·Cr and 3,475.0 ng/mg·Cr for CKD stages 1–5, respectively. IHC revealed that TFF3 expression was concentrated in tubular epithelial cells. Conclusions The influence of kidney injuries must be fully considered when performing clinical TFF3 research. Further studies on TFF3 in CKD will contribute to our understanding of its pathological roles and mechanisms in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-yi Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hui-ming Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hai-chun Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang YG, Li YF, Pan BL, Wang LP, Zhang Y, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Trefoil factor 1 gene alternations and expression in colorectal carcinomas. TUMORI JOURNAL 2013; 99:702-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161309900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and backgroundAberrant expression of the trefoil factor family (TFF) has been recognized to be involved in the development and/or progression of various solid tumors. Increased trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) expression is found associated with tumor progression in some tumors, and TFF1 missense mutations have been detected in gastric cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze TFF1 alternations and expression in colorectal carcinoma and their correlation with cancer progression and pathological aspects.MethodsTFF1 mutations were detected in colorectal carcinomas by DNA sequencing. TFF1mRNA and protein levels in subsets of the primary tumors were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. The serum level of TFF1 was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for patients with colorectal carcinoma.ResultsFive variants were detected in the 5'-untranslation region and intron 1 of TFF1. TFF1 expression was increased in colorectal carcinoma compared to paired distal colonic mucosa. Immunohistochemistry in primary colorectal carcinoma showed no significant differences in tumor TFF1 levels with respect to clinicopathological parameters such as the patient's sex, cancer differentiation, stage and lymph node metastasis. However, serum TFF1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with colorectal carcinoma compared to healthy individuals.ConclusionsThe results indicate that TFF1 missense mutations seem to be a rare event in colorectal carcinogenesis. Serum TFF1 may be a potential useful marker for patients with colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Guang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology
- Tumor institue of Yunnan Province, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Tumor institue of Yunnan Province, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming
| | - Bao-Long Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 1st Hospital of Yuxi, Yunnan Province
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yan-an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology
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Zhang XM, Ma ZW, Wang Q, Wang JN, Yang JW, Li XD, Li H, Men TY. A new RNA-seq method to detect the transcription and non-coding RNA in prostate cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:43-50. [PMID: 24043589 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a big killer in many regions especially American men, and this year, the diagnosed rate rises rapidly. We aimed to find the biomarker or any changing in prostate cancer patients. With the development of next generation sequencing, much genomic alteration has been found. Here, basing on the RNA-seq result of human prostate cancer tissue, we tried to find the transcription or non-coding RNA expressed differentially between normal tissue and prostate cancer tissue. 10 T sample data is the RNA-seq data for prostate cancer tissue in this study, we found the differential gene is TFF3-Trefoil factor 3, which was more than seven fold change from prostate cancer tissue to normal tissue, and the most outstanding transcript is C15orf21. Additionally, 9 lncRNAs were found according our method. Finally, we found the many important non-coding RNA related to prostate cancer, some of them were long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
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Influence of Helicobacter pylori status and eradication on the serum levels of trefoil factors and pepsinogen test: serum trefoil factor 3 is a stable biomarker. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16:329-37. [PMID: 22907485 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-012-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Emerging data indicate that serum trefoil factors (TFFs), especially TFF3, could be potential biomarkers for gastric cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status and eradication on serum TFFs and the pepsinogen test. METHODS Healthy individuals who underwent a thorough medical checkup were enrolled in study 1, and gastric ulcer patients who undertook H. pylori eradication therapy were enrolled in studies 2 and 3. Serum levels of the TFFs (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3), H. pylori antibody and pepsinogen test were examined in all studies. In study 3, TFF expressions in biopsy samples of the gastric mucosa were additionally examined before and 2 months after eradication. RESULTS In 1,260 healthy individuals enrolled in study 1, serum TFF1 and TFF2 levels were markedly different between H. pylori antibody-positive and -negative participants (P < 0.0001). Differences in serum TFF3 levels between H. pylori antibody-positive (5.85 ± 3.93 ng/ml) and -negative subjects (5.27 ± 2.38 ng/ml) were statistically significant (P = 0.002) but small in absolute value. In 178 gastric ulcer patients enrolled in study 2, serum TFF1, TFF2 and positive rates of the pepsinogen test significantly decreased 2 months after H. pylori eradication therapy (P < 0.001). In contrast, serum TFF3 levels and positive rates of high TFF3 levels (≥7 ng/ml) did not significantly change with H. pylori-eradication until 5 years after eradication. In 18 gastric ulcer patients (study 3), TFF1 and TFF2 were mainly expressed in the foveolar epithelium, and TFF2 was additionally expressed in the pyloric glands. These expressions significantly decreased with H. pylori eradication. TFF3s were scarcely expressed in the gastric mucosa except in goblet cells of intestinal metaplasia, which did not change with H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSION In serum TFFs and pepsinogen tests, only serum TFF3s were not significantly affected by H. pylori eradication, suggesting that serum TFF3 could be a stable biomarker of gastric cancer risk even after H.pylori eradication in contrast with the pepsinogen test.
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Samson MH. Quantitative measurements of trefoil factor family peptides: possibilities and pitfalls. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:193-202. [PMID: 23391285 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.765962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are produced and secreted by mucous membranes throughout the body. Their importance for the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces is well established, and the three peptides are present in various amounts in mucosal secretions as well as in the circulation. They have been linked to both inflammatory diseases and to various types of cancer, and serum concentrations of TFF3 show a more than 47-fold increase during pregnancy. Several both commercial and in-house immunoassays exist, but a number of methodological issues remain unresolved. This review describes methodological challenges in the measurement of the peptides in humans, and summarizes current knowledge concerning the occurrence and possible significance of the peptides in human health and disease.
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Massoner P, Kugler KG, Unterberger K, Kuner R, Mueller LAJ, Fälth M, Schäfer G, Seifarth C, Ecker S, Verdorfer I, Graber A, Sültmann H, Klocker H. Characterization of transcriptional changes in ERG rearrangement-positive prostate cancer identifies the regulation of metabolic sensors such as neuropeptide Y. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55207. [PMID: 23390522 PMCID: PMC3563644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ERG gene rearrangements are found in about one half of all prostate cancers. Functional analyses do not fully explain the selective pressure causing ERG rearrangement during the development of prostate cancer. To identify transcriptional changes in prostate cancer, including tumors with ERG gene rearrangements, we performed a meta-analysis on published gene expression data followed by validations on mRNA and protein levels as well as first functional investigations. Eight expression studies (n = 561) on human prostate tissues were included in the meta-analysis. Transcriptional changes between prostate cancer and non-cancerous prostate, as well as ERG rearrangement-positive (ERG+) and ERG rearrangement-negative (ERG−) prostate cancer, were analyzed. Detailed results can be accessed through an online database. We validated our meta-analysis using data from our own independent microarray study (n = 57). 84% and 49% (fold-change>2 and >1.5, respectively) of all transcriptional changes between ERG+ and ERG− prostate cancer determined by meta-analysis were verified in the validation study. Selected targets were confirmed by immunohistochemistry: NPY and PLA2G7 (up-regulated in ERG+ cancers), and AZGP1 and TFF3 (down-regulated in ERG+ cancers). First functional investigations for one of the most prominent ERG rearrangement-associated genes - neuropeptide Y (NPY) - revealed increased glucose uptake in vitro indicating the potential role of NPY in regulating cellular metabolism. In summary, we found robust population-independent transcriptional changes in prostate cancer and first signs of ERG rearrangements inducing metabolic changes in cancer cells by activating major metabolic signaling molecules like NPY. Our study indicates that metabolic changes possibly contribute to the selective pressure favoring ERG rearrangements in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Massoner
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (PM); (HK)
| | - Karl G. Kugler
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Translational Research, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Karin Unterberger
- Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruprecht Kuner
- Unit Cancer Genome Research, Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center and National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurin A. J. Mueller
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Translational Research, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Maria Fälth
- Unit Cancer Genome Research, Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center and National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Ecker
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Translational Research, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Irmgard Verdorfer
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Graber
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Translational Research, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Unit Cancer Genome Research, Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center and National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (PM); (HK)
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Im S, Yoo C, Jung JH, Choi HJ, Yoo J, Kang CS. Reduced expression of TFF1 and increased expression of TFF3 in gastric cancer: correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:133-40. [PMID: 23329884 PMCID: PMC3547210 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The trefoil factor family (TFF) is composed of three thermostable, and protease-resistant proteins, named TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3, and plays a role in gastrointestinal mucosal defence and repair. Recently, TFFs have been found to be related to the development of various types of cancer. This study assessed the relationship between the expression of TFF1 and TFF3 and the clinicopathological parameters in gastric carcinoma (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TFF1 and TFF3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 292 GCs and 20 normal gastric tissues. RESULTS All normal gastric tissues expressed TFF1, but 53.8% of GCs showed reduced TFF1 expression. However, TFF3 was not detected in normal gastric tissues and 44.2% of GCs showed a high level of expression. Highly expressed TFF3 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, vein invasion, and advanced stage. The overall survival was shorter in patients with high expression of TFF3 than in those with low expression of TFF3 in 292 GCs and in 125 early GCs (EGCs). Moreover, in patients with EGCs, high expression of TFF3, associated with reduced expression of TFF1, was determined as an independent poor prognostic marker. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of TFF1 and increased expression of TFF3 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, high expression of TFF3 with reduced expression of TFF1 may be a marker of poor prognosis for patients with EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Im
- Department of Hospital Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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Bougen NM, Amiry N, Yuan Y, Kong XJ, Pandey V, Vidal LJP, Perry JK, Zhu T, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 1 suppression of E-CADHERIN enhances prostate carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2012; 332:19-29. [PMID: 23266572 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary mediator of prostate cancer (PCA) lethality and poses a significant clinical obstacle. The identification of factors involved in the metastasis of PCA is imperative. We demonstrate herein that trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) promotes PCA cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The capacity of TFF1 to enhance cell migration/invasion is mediated by transcriptional repression of E-CADHERIN. Consideration of targeted inhibition of TFF1 to prevent metastasis of prostate carcinoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Bougen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Qu Y, Yang Y, Ma D, Xiao W. Increased trefoil factor 3 levels in the serum of patients with three major histological subtypes of lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2012; 27:1277-83. [PMID: 22246423 PMCID: PMC3583529 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The trefoil factor (TFF) family is composed of three thermostable, and protease-resistant proteins, named TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3. TFF protein levels have been found to be related to the development of various types of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether TFF proteins are differentially expressed in the serum of different histological subtypes of lung cancer compared to healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated the levels of TFF proteins in serum and lung tissues of 130 lung cancer patients (58 squamous cell lung carcinoma cases, 43 adenocarcinoma cases and 29 SCLC cases) and 60 healthy individuals. It was found that TFF1 and TFF2 have similar or slightly higher levels in these three subtypes of lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, while TFF3 levels were significantly higher in the examined lung cancer cases compared to healthy individuals. Immunoblot analyses of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 indicated that lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines have a higher expression of the TFF3 protein, but not of TFF1 or TFF2 proteins, compared to tissues from healthy individuals or from the normal cell line. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated higher levels of TFF3, but not TFF1 and TFF2, transcripts in lung cancer tissues or cell lines. These results show increased TFF3 levels in serum and lung tissues, suggesting that TFF3 may serve as a promising, easily detected biomarker of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Investigation of trefoil factor expression in saliva and oral mucosal tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1549-56. [PMID: 22205269 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of our study were to determine levels of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides in saliva and oral mucosal tissues from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate whether individual members of TFFs (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) might act as biomarkers of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva samples were from 23 healthy subjects and 23 OSCC patients. Tissue samples were collected from 32 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 32 OSCC biopsy specimens. ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in saliva and oral mucosal tissues, respectively. RESULTS Expression of TFF2 and TFF3 in oral mucosal tissues of OSCC patients was strongly downregulated when compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). However, there were no differences in levels of salivary TFF concentrations between OSCC patients and healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present study extends previous observations, demonstrating the reduction of TFF2 and TFF3 expression in oral mucosal tissues of OSCC patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings suggest the clinical significance of TFF2 and TFF3 molecules as negative markers of tumor progression in OSCC. Quantification of TFF levels in saliva may not be optimal in terms of diagnostic or predictive value for OSCC derived from oral mucosa.
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Zhao T, Zeng X, Bateman NW, Sun M, Teng PN, Bigbee WL, Dhir R, Nelson JB, Conrads TP, Hood BL. Relative quantitation of proteins in expressed prostatic secretion with a stable isotope labeled secretome standard. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1089-99. [PMID: 22077639 DOI: 10.1021/pr200829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) is a proximal fluid directly derived from the prostate and, in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), is hypothesized to contain a repertoire of cancer-relevant proteins. Quantitative analysis of the EPS proteome may enable identification of proteins with utility for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. The present investigation demonstrates selective quantitation of proteins in EPS samples from PCa patients using a stable isotope labeled proteome standard (SILAP) generated through the selective harvest of the "secretome" from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line grown in stable isotope labeled cell culture medium. This stable isotope labeled secretome was digested with trypsin and equivalently added to each EPS digest, after which the resultant mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for peptide identification and quantification. Relative quantification of endogenous EPS peptides was accomplished by comparison of reconstructed mass chromatograms to those of the chemically identical SILAP peptides. A total of 86 proteins were quantified from 263 peptides in all of the EPS samples, 38 of which were found to be relevant to PCa. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a SILAP secretome standard to simultaneously quantify many PCa-relevant proteins in EPS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Samson MH, Nexo E. Validation of commercial assays for measurements of trefoil factor family peptides in serum. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:2057-60. [PMID: 21923477 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trefoil peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are 7-12 kDa molecules, secreted by mucin-producing epithelial cells. Increased serum concentrations have been reported in a number of pathological conditions, which warrants the need for validated commercially available assays. METHODS We validated commercial assays for TFF1-3 and compared results obtained with our in-house assays, using serum from blood donors. RESULTS Level of detection was: ≤ 0.008 nmol/L. Measuring ranges were: 0.032-0.51 (TFF1), 0.038-0.76 (TFF2) and 0.019-0.15 (TFF3) nmol/L. Imprecision (CV), judged from the measurement of serum pools in two levels, was below 9% (TFF2 and TFF3) but up to 18% (mean 0.41 nmol/L) for TFF1. No cross reactivity between the TFFs (concentrations > 100 nmol/L) was observed. The 95% non-parametric reference intervals were: <0.0032-0.53 (TFF1), 0.099-1.4 (TFF2) and 0.086-0.87 (TFF3) nmol/L. Comparing commercial to in-house assays (n=132), showed biases explained by differences in the calibrators (TFF1 and TFF2). A number of samples showed markedly different results. CONCLUSIONS The commercial assays for TFF2 and TFF3 are acceptable for use on serum samples, while the TFF1 assay revealed a poor imprecision and a too narrow measuring range. Results obtained with the commercial and the in-house assays differed, partly because of differences in the calibrators employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie H Samson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Aikou S, Ohmoto Y, Gunji T, Matsuhashi N, Ohtsu H, Miura H, Kubota K, Yamagata Y, Seto Y, Nakajima A, Goldenring JR, Kaminishi M, Nomura S. Tests for serum levels of trefoil factor family proteins can improve gastric cancer screening. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:837-845.e1-7. [PMID: 21699780 PMCID: PMC3163741 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Improving methods for early detection of gastric cancer could reduce mortality. Measurements of serum pepsinogen levels have been used for screening in Japan without satisfactory levels of sensitivity or specificity. Trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are small and stable molecules secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Foveolar hyperplasia, spasmolytic polypeptide (TFF2)-expressing metaplasia, and intestinal metaplasia are histologic changes observed in patients with atrophic gastritis; they express TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3, respectively. We investigated whether serum levels of TFF can be used as markers for gastric cancer screening. METHODS Serum was collected from 183 patients with gastric cancer and 280 healthy individuals without cancer. Serum levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and associated with gastric cancer. RESULTS Using a cutoff of 3.6 ng/mL, the level of TFF3 was significantly increased in serum samples from patients with cancer (odds ratio, 18.1; 95% confidence interval, 11.2-29.2); using this test, patients with cancer were identified with 80.9% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity. The test for TFF3 had a significantly higher odds ratio than that for pepsinogen. A test for the combination of TFF3 and pepsinogen had better results than the test for only pepsinogen. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of TFF3 are a better marker of gastric cancer than pepsinogen; a test for the combined levels of serum pepsinogen and TFF3 could improve gastric cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Aikou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Department of Clinical Trial Data Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | - Hirona Miura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University
| | - Yukinori Yamagata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a stable secretory protein expressed widely in the gastrointestinal mucosa that is also expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the current study, we documented the extent and timing of TFF1 expression and investigated the effects of TFF1 on PDAC cells and stellate cells, the primary cells of the PDAC stroma. METHODS Trefoil factor 1 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines was analyzed using microarray, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of recombinant TFF1 on cell growth, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines and immortalized human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs) were analyzed using MTS and Matrigel-coated invasion chambers. In vivo studies were also conducted in which Mpanc-96 cells stably expressing TFF1 were implanted orthotopically into nude mice. RESULTS Trefoil factor 1 was highly increased in preneoplastic lesions. Recombinant TFF1 stimulated motility of both cancer and HPSCs. In contrast, only HPSC cell growth was increased by TFF1. In vivo studies showed that overexpression of TFF1 in PDAC cells did not affect primary tumor growth but greatly increased metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The present data demonstrate that TFF1 influences both PDAC cells and stellate cells and stimulates metastasis.
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Samson MH, Poulsen SS, Obeid R, Herrmann W, Nexo E. Trefoil factor family peptides in the human foetus and at birth. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:785-92. [PMID: 21651517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trefoil factors (TFF1-3) are cysteine-rich peptides secreted by mucosal surfaces. Changing levels of expression are reflected in serum concentrations. Serum levels of TFF2 and TFF3 are highly elevated during pregnancy. Here, we explore a possible foetal origin of these increased levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the expression of trefoil peptides in foetal tissues, placentas and foetal membranes from midterm abortions by immunohistochemistry. Employing in-house ELISAs, serum concentrations of TFF1-3 were measured in 92 paired samples of cord and maternal blood prior to delivery. Size exclusion chromatography was used to investigate the molecular forms of TFF1-3. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed all trefoil peptides to be present during foetal life, but compared to adults with a more widespread expression of TFF2 and TFF3 in the stomach and Brunner's glands. No trefoil peptides were seen in placentas or foetal membranes. Median serum concentrations of TFF1 in cord blood were comparable to those observed in the (mother) [0·42 (0·37) nM, P = 0·25], whereas TFF2 and TFF3 showed lower values than in the mother [0·11 (0·69), and 1·2 (6·7) nM, respectively, P < 0·0001 for both peptides]. Size exclusion chromatography showed comparable patterns in mothers and newborns. CONCLUSIONS All three trefoil peptides are expressed in foetal tissues but not in placenta or foetal membranes. Cord blood contains high levels of all three peptides, although for TFF2 and TFF3 at considerably lower levels than observed in the mother. Thus, the elevated serum levels of TFF2 and TFF3 in the pregnant women were most likely not of foetal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie H Samson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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The combination of serum trefoil factor 3 and pepsinogen testing is a valid non-endoscopic biomarker for predicting the presence of gastric cancer: a new marker for gastric cancer risk. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:736-45. [PMID: 21455714 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A valid biomarker for predicting the presence of gastric cancer may contribute to reducing deaths from this disease. Although pepsinogen (PG) testing has been introduced as a predictor, its predictive power is not satisfactory. We examined whether serum trefoil factor (TFF) could be a non-endoscopic predictor of the presence of gastric cancer. METHODS Gastric cancer patients who underwent preoperative endoscopy were sequentially recruited. Individuals who underwent a thorough medical checkup were enrolled as non-cancer controls. Serum levels of TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, Helicobacter pylori antibody, PG I, and PG II were examined. RESULTS We studied 192 gastric cancer patients aged 64.3 ± 9.7 years and 1254 non-cancer controls aged 52.3 ± 12.4 years. In the age/gender-matched analysis (187 cases and 561 controls), significant relationships were demonstrated between gastric cancer presence and TFF3 (P < 0.0001), the PGI/II ratio (P < 0.0001), H. pylori antibody (P = 0.001), TFF1 (P = 0.012), and TFF2 (P = 0.020). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting gastric cancer presence was comparably high for all factors (0.893) and for the combination of TFF3 and the PG test (0.883), but was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower for the PG test alone (0.823). A positive PG test showed a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 82%, whereas a combination of TFF3 and PG testing showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 80% in predicting the presence of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION The combination of serum TFF3 and PG testing might be a valid non-endoscopic biomarker for predicting the presence of gastric cancer.
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ERG cooperates with androgen receptor in regulating trefoil factor 3 in prostate cancer disease progression. Neoplasia 2011; 12:1031-40. [PMID: 21170267 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the role of ETS gene fusions in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we characterized the transcriptome of 54 CRPC tumor samples from men with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) emerged as the most highly differentially regulated gene with respect to ERG rearrangement status and resistance to hormone ablation therapy. Conventional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-polymerase chain reaction and ChIP followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed direct binding of ERG to ETS binding sites in the TFF3 promoter in ERG-rearranged prostate cancer cell lines. These results were confirmed in ERG-rearranged hormone-naive prostate cancer (HNPC) and CRPC tissue samples. Functional studies demonstrated that ERG has an inhibitory effect on TFF3 expression in hormone-naive cancer but not in the castration-resistant state. In addition, we provide evidence suggesting an effect of androgen receptor signaling on ERG-regulated TFF3 expression. Furthermore, TFF3 overexpression enhances ERG-mediated cell invasion in CRPC prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for enhanced tumor cell aggressiveness resulting from ERG rearrangement in the castration-resistant setting through TFF3 gene expression.
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Vestergaard EM, Nexø E, Tørring N, Borre M, Ørntoft TF, Sørensen KD. Promoter hypomethylation and upregulation of trefoil factors in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1857-65. [PMID: 20112343 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factors, mucin-associated peptides, are overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC). We hypothesized that promoter methylation contributes to the regulation of trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) in human prostate cells. Here we show hypomethylation of promoter regions of TFF1 and TFF3 in PC cell lines with significant TFF expression as compared to benign immortalized prostate cell lines and PC cell lines not expressing trefoil factor. The most striking difference was observed for CpG sites located close to the AUG start codon overlapping several putative binding sites for cellular transcription factors. TFF2 was hypermethylated and had no or very low expression in all prostate cell lines investigated. Treatment of methylated cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored TFF expression in cell lines not expressing TFF and increased expression significantly in low-expressing cell lines. In clinical samples, methylation of the promoter/enhancer regions of TFF1 and TFF3 was significantly lower in PC compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The present study shows an inverse relation between promoter methylation and expression of trefoil factors. Preliminary analysis on clinical samples suggests that this regulatory mechanism is responsible for the increased levels of TFF1 and TFF3 observed in PC. The overexpression and promoter hypomethylation of trefoil factors may serve as biomarkers in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Du TY, Qin HC, Liu J, Zhang Y. Trefoil factor: implications for clinical laboratory diagnostics. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2794-2799. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i26.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factors (TFF), expressed physiologically in the secretory cells of gastrointestinal mucosa and other mucosal tissues, compose a unique peptide family with important biologic functions. Aberrant expression and/or continued secretion of TFF might exist concurrently with the processes of digestive system inflammation, tumor or other related pathological changes. Previous pathological studies have shown that the abnormal expression of TFF is associated with the prognosis of digestive system diseases. The results obtained from gene expression profiling, tumor secretomics and bioinformatic analysis have positively confirmed that clinical detection of TFF peptides or mRNAs has an excellent diagnostic performance to detect digestive system diseases, especially for the monitoring of recurrence or metastasis of tumors and for the estimation of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. Therefore, TFF is a potential biomarker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of digestive system diseases.
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A constitutively activated form of the p110beta isoform of PI3-kinase induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11002-7. [PMID: 20534477 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005642107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has shown that ablation of p110beta, but not p110alpha, markedly impairs tumorigenesis driven by loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the mouse prostate. Other laboratories have reported complementary data in human prostate tumor lines, suggesting that p110beta activation is necessary for tumorigenesis driven by PTEN loss. Given the multiple functions of PTEN, we wondered if p110beta activation also is sufficient for tumorigenesis. Here, we report that transgenic expression of a constitutively activated p110beta allele in the prostate drives prostate intraepithelial neoplasia formation. The resulting lesions are similar to, but are clearly distinct from, the ones arising from PTEN loss or Akt activation. Array analyses of transcription in multiple murine prostate tumor models featuring PI3K/AKT pathway activation allowed construction of a pathway signature that may be useful in predicting the prognosis of human prostate tumors.
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