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Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Momeny M, Rezaei N, Fallah F, Bashash D. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: From dysregulation of the immune responses to the potential immunotherapies. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4098. [PMID: 39034646 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a considerable global health burden due to its late diagnosis and high morbidity. The liver's specific anatomical and physiological features expose it to various antigens, requiring precise immune regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota in the development of HCC, as well as the relevant therapeutic approaches are discussed. Dysregulation of immune compartments within the liver microenvironment drives HCC pathogenesis, characterized by elevated regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages as well as suppressive molecules, alongside reduced number of effector cells like T cells, natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota also contributes to HCC by disrupting intestinal barrier integrity and triggering overactivated immune responses. Immunotherapy approaches, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have exhibited promise in HCC management, yet adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccination research are in the early steps with relatively less favorable outcomes. Further understanding of immune dysregulation, gut microbiota involvement, and therapeutic combination strategies are essential for advancing precision immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Ajith A, Merimi M, Arki MK, Hossein-khannazer N, Najar M, Vosough M, Sokal EM, Najimi M. Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371089. [PMID: 38571964 PMCID: PMC10987744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various regulatory mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, and function of Tregs are interrelated to the remaining immune cells and their secreted cytokines and chemokines. In normal conditions, Tregs protect the liver from inflammatory and auto-immune responses, while disruption of this crosstalk between Tregs and other immune cells may result in the progression of chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatic malignancy. In this review, we analyze the deviance of this protective nature of Tregs in response to chronic inflammation and its involvement in inducing liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also provide a detailed emphasis on the relevance of Tregs as an effective immunotherapeutic option for autoimmune diseases, liver transplantation, and chronic liver diseases including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ajith
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Etienne Marc Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Doi N, Ino Y, Fuse M, Esaki M, Shimada K, Hiraoka N. Correlation of Vein-Rich Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Patient Outcome. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100401. [PMID: 38043787 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive cancer composed of large-duct and small-duct types. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment and its related vascular system is important for developing novel and efficient therapies. We focused on tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) as a hallmark of antitumor immunity and investigated the clinicopathologic significance of TLSs and the influence of vascular microenvironment on TLS formation in iCCAs. We examined 261 iCCA cases clinicopathologically and analyzed the vascular system using immunohistochemistry. Single-cell (102,685 cells) and bulk RNA (33 iCCA cases) sequencing analyses were performed using data sets downloaded from public databases, and endothelial cell characteristics in iCCA tissues and functional networks related to the tumor microenvironment were bioinformatically examined. High densities of both intratumoral and peritumoral TLSs were significantly associated with prolonged survival only in large-duct-type iCCA. Multivariate analyses showed that peritumoral TLS was a prognostic factor for the large-duct type. TLS-rich iCCA had a significantly higher vein density and tumor-infiltrating T-cell count than TLS-poor iCCA. Both the presence of TLSs and high vein endothelial cells in iCCA tissues were significantly associated with molecular networks representing active immune responses in transcriptomic analysis. Vein density was a prognostic factor in patients with large-duct and small-duct types. This suggests that TLS formation is involved in a microenvironment with high vein density, which represents an antitumor-directed immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Doi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Fuse
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center EPOC, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Chen X, Yang M, Tu J, Yuan X. Integrated bioinformatics and validation reveal SOX12 as potential biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma based on an immune infiltration-related ceRNA network. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15737-15762. [PMID: 37668799 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and key biomarkers within the ceRNA networks in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics tools were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs), and lncRNAs (DELs) related to COAD, leading to the creation of ceRNA networks. The CIBERSORT technique was employed to assess the significance of TIICs in COAD, and an immune-related prognosis prediction model was subsequently developed. Co-expression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between key genes in ceRNA networks and immunologically significant TIICs. The study also utilized 5 GEO datasets and web-based databases to externally validate the findings. RESULTS The study revealed a statistically significant relationship between key hub genes and immune cells, as determined through co-expression analysis. Two hub regulators (SOX12 and H19) demonstrated significant prognostic value in the ceRNA-related prognostic model, and their elevated expression levels were verified across multiple CRC cell lines. Additionally, the knockdown of SOX12 led to a suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION Through the construction of ceRNA networks and evaluation of TIICs, the study successfully established two risk score models and nomograms. These models serve as valuable tools for understanding the molecular processes and predicting the prognosis of COAD patients. Further validation of hub regulators SOX12 and H19 substantiates their potential role as key biomarkers in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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5
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Wang Z, Zhang J, An F, Zhang J, Meng X, Liu S, Xia R, Wang G, Yan C. The mechanism of dendritic cell-T cell crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:193. [PMID: 37798668 PMCID: PMC10552435 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by joint pain and swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage damage, and bone destruction. The mechanisms of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell-mediated crosstalk have gradually become a focus of attention. DCs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cell subtypes through different cytokines, surface molecules, and antigen presentation. DC-T cell crosstalk also blocks antigen presentation by DCs, ultimately maintaining immune tolerance. DC-T cell crosstalk mainly involves chemokines, surface molecules (TonEBP, NFATc1), the PD-L1/PD-1 signalling axis, and the TGF-β signalling axis. In addition, DC-T cell crosstalk in RA is affected by glycolysis, reactive oxygen species, vitamin D, and other factors. These factors lead to the formation of an extremely complex regulatory network involving various mechanisms. This article reviews the key immune targets of DC-T cell crosstalk and elucidates the mechanism of DC-T cell crosstalk in RA to provide a basis for the treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ruoliu Xia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Rheumatism and Orthopaedics Department, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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6
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Zheng C, Snow BE, Elia AJ, Nechanitzky R, Dominguez-Brauer C, Liu S, Tong Y, Cox MA, Focaccia E, Wakeham AC, Haight J, Tobin C, Hodgson K, Gill KT, Ma W, Berger T, Heikenwälder M, Saunders ME, Fortin J, Leung SY, Mak TW. Tumor-specific cholinergic CD4 + T lymphocytes guide immunosurveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1437-1454. [PMID: 37640929 PMCID: PMC10597839 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic nerves are involved in tumor progression and dissemination. In contrast to other visceral tissues, cholinergic innervation in the hepatic parenchyma is poorly detected. It remains unclear whether there is any form of cholinergic regulation of liver cancer. Here, we show that cholinergic T cells curtail the development of liver cancer by supporting antitumor immune responses. In a mouse multihit model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we observed activation of the adaptive immune response and induction of two populations of CD4+ T cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), including regulatory T cells and dysfunctional PD-1+ T cells. Tumor antigens drove the clonal expansion of these cholinergic T cells in HCC. Genetic ablation of Chat in T cells led to an increased prevalence of preneoplastic cells and exacerbated liver cancer due to compromised antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, the cholinergic activity intrinsic in T cells constrained Ca2+-NFAT signaling induced by T cell antigen receptor engagement. Without this cholinergic modulation, hyperactivated CD25+ T regulatory cells and dysregulated PD-1+ T cells impaired HCC immunosurveillance. Our results unveil a previously unappreciated role for cholinergic T cells in liver cancer immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bryan E Snow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Elia
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Nechanitzky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shaofeng Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Tong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew C Wakeham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Tobin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Hodgson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle T Gill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Ma
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thorsten Berger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, Medical Faculty Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mary E Saunders
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerome Fortin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Lu X, Green BL, Xie C, Liu C, Chen X. Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100723. [PMID: 37229173 PMCID: PMC10205436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer associated with high mortality and few systemic treatment options. The behaviour of the immune system has come into focus as a potential treatment modality for many cancer types, but immunotherapy has yet to dramatically alter the treatment paradigm for CCA as it has for other diseases. Herein, we review recent studies describing the relevance of the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) in CCA. Various non-parenchymal cell types are critically important in controlling CCA progression, prognosis, and response to systemic therapy. Knowledge of the behaviour of these leukocytes could help generate hypotheses to guide the development of potential immune-directed therapies. Recently, an immunotherapy-containing combination was approved for the treatment of advanced-stage CCA. However, despite level 1 evidence demonstrating the improved efficacy of this therapy, survival remained suboptimal. In the current manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of the TIME in CCA, preclinical studies of immunotherapies against CCA, as well as ongoing clinical trials applying immunotherapies for the treatment of CCA. Particular emphasis is placed on microsatellite unstable tumours, a rare CCA subtype that demonstrates heightened sensitivity to approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also discuss the challenges involved in applying immunotherapies to the treatment of CCA and the importance of understanding the TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Lu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjamin L. Green
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Changqing Xie
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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8
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Jiang D, Ma X, Zhang X, Cheng B, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang X. New techniques: a roadmap for the development of HCC immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121162. [PMID: 37426674 PMCID: PMC10323423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The absence of effective early diagnostic methods and the limitations of conventional therapies have led to a growing interest in immunotherapy as a novel treatment approach for HCC. The liver serves as an immune organ and a recipient of antigens from the digestive tract, creating a distinctive immune microenvironment. Key immune cells, including Kupffer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, play a crucial role in HCC development, thus offering ample research opportunities for HCC immunotherapy. The emergence of advanced technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing has introduced new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. These advancements have not only propelled the progress of HCC immunotherapy based on existing studies but have also generated new ideas for clinical research on HCC therapy. Furthermore, this review analysed and summarised the combination of current therapies for HCC and the improvement of CRISPR technology for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, instilling renewed hope for HCC treatment. This review comprehensively explores the advancements in immunotherapy for HCC, focusing on the use of new techniques.
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9
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Privitera G, Rana N, Armuzzi A, Pizarro TT. The gasdermin protein family: emerging roles in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:366-387. [PMID: 36781958 PMCID: PMC10238632 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification and characterization of gasdermin (GSDM) D as the main effector of inflammatory regulated cell death (or pyroptosis), literature on the GSDM family of pore-forming proteins is rapidly expanding, revealing novel mechanisms regulating their expression and functions that go beyond pyroptosis. Indeed, a growing body of evidence corroborates the importance of GSDMs within the gastrointestinal system, underscoring their critical contributions to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal cancers, enteric infections and gut mucosal inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, with this increase in knowledge, several important and controversial issues have arisen regarding basic GSDM biology and its role(s) during health and disease states. These include critical questions centred around GSDM-dependent lytic versus non-lytic functions, the biological activities of cleaved versus full-length proteins, the differential roles of GSDM-expressing mucosal immune versus epithelial cells, and whether GSDMs promote pathogenic or protective effects during specific disease settings. This Review provides a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the current literature on GSDM biology, specifically focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the main controversial issues and their clinical implications, and addressing future areas of research to unravel the specific role(s) of this intriguing, yet enigmatic, family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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10
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Devan AR, Nair B, Aryan MK, Liju VB, Koshy JJ, Mathew B, Valsan A, Kim H, Nath LR. Decoding Immune Signature to Detect the Risk for Early-Stage HCC Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2729. [PMID: 37345066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often recognized as an inflammation-linked cancer, which possesses an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Curative treatments such as surgical resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation are mainly applicable in the early stage and demonstrate significant improvement of survival rate in most patients. However, 70-80% of patients report HCC recurrence within 5 years of curative treatment, representing an important clinical issue. However, there is no effective recurrence marker after surgical and locoregional therapies, thus, tumor size, number, and histological features such as cancer cell differentiation are often considered as risk factors for HCC recurrence. Host immunity plays a critical role in regulating carcinogenesis, and the immune microenvironment characterized by its composition, functional status, and density undergoes significant alterations in each stage of cancer progression. Recent studies reported that analysis of immune contexture could yield valuable information regarding the treatment response, prognosis and recurrence. This review emphasizes the prognostic value of tumors associated with immune factors in HCC recurrence after curative treatment. In particular, we review the immune landscape and immunological factors contributing to early-stage HCC recurrence, and discuss the immunotherapeutic interventions to prevent tumor recurrence following curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | | | - Vijayastelar B Liju
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Joel Joy Koshy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Valsan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Epatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
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11
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Yan M, Yao J, Lin Y, Yan J, Xie Y, Fu Z, Zhou Y, Wei J, Li X. Tumor cell density dependent IL-8 secretion induces the fluctuation of tregs/CD8 + T cells infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: one prompt for the existence of density checkpoint. J Transl Med 2023; 21:202. [PMID: 36932390 PMCID: PMC10022186 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell density is a basic pathological feature of solid tumors. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy reduce tumor cell density, whereas unrestricted tumor cell proliferation promotes this feature. The impact of tumor cells on the microenvironment following changes in tumor cell density is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the response of key immune cell subsets to tumor cell density in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We determined the density of tumor and immune cells in the same area by section staining. We then identified potential mediators using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay (ELISA), 3D and co-culture, flow cytometry, and lentivirus intervention. The mechanism of lactate promotion was verified using lactate tests, bioinformatics, western blotting, and the above methods. The IL-8/DAPK1/lactate/regulatory T cell (Treg) axis was verified using a mouse liver cancer model. Tumor mutation burden was calculated using maftools in R. RESULTS We found that the Treg/CD8 + T cell ratio is not consistent with tumor cell density in HCC, and a decreased Treg/CD8 + T cell ratio in the range of 5000-6000 cells/mm2 may elicit the possibility for immunotherapy in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We showed that IL-8 mediates this immune fluctuation and promotes the infiltration of Tregs through the DAPK1/pyruvate kinase activity/lactate axis in HCC. Based on tumor ploidy and mutation burden data, we discussed the potential significance of immune fluctuation in the homeostasis of HCC mutation burden and proposed a "density checkpoint" and "entropy model" to describe this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report the mode of infiltration of Tregs/CD8 + T cells in response to tumor cell density and provide a new theoretical basis for IL-8 as a therapeutic target and the selection of an immunotherapy window in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Fu
- SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Rocha BGS, Picoli CC, Gonçalves BOP, Silva WN, Costa AC, Moraes MM, Costa PAC, Santos GSP, Almeida MR, Silva LM, Singh Y, Falchetti M, Guardia GDA, Guimarães PPG, Russo RC, Resende RR, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Kanashiro A, Nakaya HI, Rocha EL, Galante PAF, Mintz A, Frenette PS, Birbrair A. Tissue-resident glial cells associate with tumoral vasculature and promote cancer progression. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:129-166. [PMID: 36183032 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are embedded within the tissue and interact dynamically with its components during cancer progression. Understanding the contribution of cellular components within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the success of therapeutic applications. Here, we reveal the presence of perivascular GFAP+/Plp1+ cells within the tumor microenvironment. Using in vivo inducible Cre/loxP mediated systems, we demonstrated that these cells derive from tissue-resident Schwann cells. Genetic ablation of endogenous Schwann cells slowed down tumor growth and angiogenesis. Schwann cell-specific depletion also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of tumor biopsies revealed that increased expression of Schwann cell-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. Collectively, our study suggests that Schwann cells regulate tumor progression, indicating that manipulation of Schwann cells may provide a valuable tool to improve cancer patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bryan O P Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison N Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro A C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milla R Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Youvika Singh
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro P G Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Edroaldo L Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Heydari Z, Peshkova M, Gonen ZB, Coretchi I, Eken A, Yay AH, Dogan ME, Gokce N, Akalin H, Kosheleva N, Galea-Abdusa D, Ulinici M, Vorojbit V, Shpichka A, Groppa S, Vosough M, Todiras M, Butnaru D, Ozkul Y, Timashev P. EVs vs. EVs: MSCs and Tregs as a source of invisible possibilities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:51-63. [PMID: 36527475 PMCID: PMC9759062 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by various cells and exist in most biological fluids. They play an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, and also have theranostic potential. They deliver many functional biomolecules, including DNA, microRNAs (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lipids, and proteins, thus affecting different physiological processes in target cells. Decreased immunogenicity compared to liposomes or viral vectors and the ability to cross through physiological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier make them an attractive and innovative option as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. Here, we highlighted two types of cells that can produce functional EVs, namely, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), discussing MSC/Treg-derived EV-based therapies for some specific diseases including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ianos Coretchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Ensar Dogan
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Gokce
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Galea-Abdusa
- Genetics Laboratory, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mariana Ulinici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Valentina Vorojbit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Medical Genetics, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Drug Research Center, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Genetic, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. .,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. .,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Tanaka R, Eguchi S, Kimura K, Ohira G, Tanaka S, Amano R, Tanaka H, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Kubo S. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages as a significant prognostic factor in biliary tract cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280348. [PMID: 36693070 PMCID: PMC9873170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the prognosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is not completely understood. Therefore, in our study, we investigated the effects of the various immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS A total of 130 patients with BTC who underwent surgical treatment at our institution were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated TILs and TAMs with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS With CD8-high, CD4-high, FOXP3-high, and CD68-low in TME as one factor, we calculated Immunoscore according to the number of factors. The high Immunoscore group showed significantly superior overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than the low Immunoscore group (median OS, 60.8 vs. 26.4 months, p = 0.001; median RFS not reached vs. 17.2 months, p < 0.001). Also, high Immunoscore was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS (hazards ratio 2.05 and 2.41 and p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High Immunoscore group had significantly superior OS and RFS and was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Shimpei Eguchi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Xie T, Hou D, Wang J, Zhao S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictive markers in hepatoblastoma. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:904730. [PMID: 37124183 PMCID: PMC10130377 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.904730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been presented to be a prognostic indicator in several cancers. We were supposed to evaluate the prognostic role of such inflammatory markers in hepatoblastoma (HB). Methods Total of 101 children, diagnosed with hepatoblastoma between January 2010 and January 2018, were enrolled before treatment in the study. The clinicopathological parameters, and outcomes were collected through laboratory analyses and patient follow-up. The association between NLR, PLR, and clinicopathological characters were analyzed with Wilcoxon test, Chi-Squared test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank and Cox regression analyses. Results NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in HB patients (P < 0.001), and related to age (P < 0.001), risk stratification system (P < 0.001), and pretreatment extent of disease (P < 0.0001). NLR was significantly related to alpha-fetoprotein (P = 0.034) and lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.026). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were poor in the high-NLR group (OS: 44.3% vs. 90.3%, P < 0.0001, EFS: 38.6% vs. 80.6%, P = 0.0001). The 3-year OS and EFS were poor in the high-PLR group (OS: 49.1% vs. 68.8%, P = 0.016, EFS: 39.6% vs. 64.6%, P = 0.0117). The multivariate analysis suggested that NLR (HR: 11.359, 95% CI: 1.218-105.947; P = 0.033) and risk stratification (HR: 44.905, 95% CI: 2.458-820.36; P = 0.01), were independent predictors of OS. Conclusion Our research showed that elevated NLR and PLR were the poor prognostic factors in HB patients before treatment. The NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Xie
- Pediatric Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Hou
- Pediatric Surgery, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Pediatric Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Jiaxiang Wang Song Zhao
| | - Song Zhao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Jiaxiang Wang Song Zhao
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16
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Gulubova MV, Chonov DC, Ivanova KV, Hristova MK, Krasimirova-Ignatova MM, Vlaykova TI. Intratumoural expression of IL-6/STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 immune cells in the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer Immune cells-positive for IL-6, STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 and colorectal cancer development. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2072765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitur Chavdarov Chonov
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora Bulgaria
- Ward of Operative Surgery, University Hospital “Prof. D-r Stoyan Kirkovich”, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Koni Vancho Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Tatyana Ivanova Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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17
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Scherrer D, Barrett N, Teyton L, Pearce T, Nitcheu J, Pouletty P, Santo J, Ehrlich HJ. Demonstration of the Antitumor Activity of the iNKT Agonist ABX196, a Novel Enhancer of Cancer Immunotherapy, in Melanoma and Hepatocarcinoma Mouse Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1788-1797. [PMID: 36198025 PMCID: PMC9716246 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) provide a promising approach to antitumor immunotherapy through blockade of immunosuppressive pathways. The synthetic glycolipid, ABX196, is a potent stimulator of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), a small subset of regulatory lymphocytes, which are powerful enhancers of immunity when activated. ABX196 was investigated alone and in combination with chemotherapy and ICBs in a melanoma B16F10 tumor cell-bearing and an orthotopic Hepa 1-6 hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cell-bearing C57BL/6 mice model. In the melanoma model, immune response evaluation included immunofluorescence staining and detection by flow cytometry to identify anti-CD45, anti-CD8, anti-CD4, anti-CD3, anti-CD19, anti-FoxP3, CD1d tetramer, and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) markers. Analysis by MRI, liver weight, and IHC staining to detect CD4, CD8, F4/80, PD-1, programmed death-ligand 1, Ki67, and FoxP3 markers were used to measure antitumor response in the HCC model. Combination treatment with ABX196 and anti-PD-1 resulted in significant synergistic antitumor effects, reflected by the increase of CD8+ cells in the tumor and an increased ratio of CD8+ effector cells to FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in mice with melanomas. ABX196 monotherapy and combination therapy resulted in antitumor effects in the HCC model. No significant differences in survival were demonstrated between monotherapy and combination therapy due to high response levels with either treatment. A synergistic combination effect was apparent when IFNγ was measured in peripheral blood, indicating sustained activation of iNKT cells. In both models, the antitumor effects were associated with a generation of a more advantageous T-effector to Treg cell ratio within the tumor, which could lead to in the proliferation and accumulation of cells that would otherwise be anergized. SYNOPSIS Using melanoma and HCC tumor models in mice, this study demonstrates the potential of ABX196, alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, as a novel strategy to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment and to produce antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noel Barrett
- Independent Consultant, c/o Abivax, Paris, France
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - Julien Santo
- Abivax, Montpellier, France.,Corresponding Author: Julien Santo, Abivax, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France. Phone: 434-359-596; E-mail:
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18
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Cui C, Zhang D, Sun K, Zhu Y, Xu J, Kang Y, Zhang G, Cai Y, Mao S, Long R, Ma J, Dong S, Sun Y. Propofol maintains Th17/Treg cell balance in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery through GABAA receptor. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:58. [PMID: 36434505 PMCID: PMC9701037 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its advantages of rapid onset and less adverse reactions. This study focused on the role of propofol in the balance of Th17/Treg in elderly patients with lung cancer during perioperative period. Patients undergoing lung cancer surgery were anesthetized by propofol or sevoflurane. Veinal blood was collected at different time points to evaluate the changes of Th17/Treg cell. Propofol better maintained the balance of Th17/Treg in vivo. The peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer was collected in vitro before surgery. Cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were obtained and then treated with propofol at different concentrations and γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor antagonists. Propofol affected Th17/Treg cell balance by increasing Th17 cells, decreasing Treg cells, thus elevating Th17/Treg ratio, and inhibited invasion and migration of lung cancer cells through GABAA receptor, which was counteracted by GABAA receptor inhibitors. Subsequently, tumor in situ model of lung cancer in aged mice was established. Propofol anesthetized mice had lower change of Th17/Treg ratio, higher survival rate and less metastasis. In brief, propofol regulated balance of Th17/Treg in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery through GABAA receptor. Additionally, propofol could inhibit metastasis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ke Sun
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yi Zhu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jindong Xu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yin Kang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yujin Cai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Songsong Mao
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ruichun Long
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jue Ma
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Song Dong
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yi Sun
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 DongChuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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19
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Gu D, Zhang M, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wang X, Deng G. Causal effect of autoimmune liver diseases on cancer: Meta-analyses of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization study. Liver Int 2022; 42:2216-2226. [PMID: 35775855 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prior studies suggested that patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AiLDs) had an increased risk of cancer, whereas the causal effect remained unclear. METHODS Meta-analyses concerning the relationship between AiLD and cancer risk were performed to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Then, the associations with a p value of <.05 were further validated by two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. RESULTS A total of 37 cohort studies covering more than 34 558 patients were included, and we observed an increased risk of overall cancers (pooled RR = 3.64, 95% CI: 2.64-5.03, p < .001) and cancer-related death (pooled RR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.73-3.53, p < .001) for patients with AiLD. Besides, overall and several site-specific cancers risk were found in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (p < .05). However, associations between genetically predisposed AIH, PBC, and PSC and the risk of specific cancers did not reach a significant level, except for PBC and gastric cancer (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS In addition to hepatobiliary cancer, results from the meta-analyses suggest that patients with AiLD might have an increased risk of several extrahepatobiliary cancers. However, the causal role of AiLD in cancer development needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Liu J, Tao H, Yuan T, Li J, Li J, Liang H, Huang Z, Zhang E. Immunomodulatory effects of regorafenib: Enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992611. [PMID: 36119072 PMCID: PMC9479218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has shown significant benefits in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, not all cancer patients can benefit from this strategy due to drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for methods that can effectively improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Combining anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with regorafenib has been demonstrated as an effective method to enhance its therapeutic effect in several clinical studies. In this review, we describe common mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, including lack of tumor immunogenicity, T cell dysfunction, and abnormal expression of PD-L1. Then, we illustrate the role of regorafenib in modifying the tumor microenvironment (TME) from multiple aspects, which is different from other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Regorafenib not only has immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells, but can also regulate PD-L1 and MHC-I on tumor cells and promote normalization of abnormal blood vessels. Therefore, studies on the synergetic mechanism of the combination therapy may usher in a new era for cancer treatment and help us identify the most appropriate individuals for more precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisu Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yuan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Erlei Zhang, ; Zhiyong Huang, ; Huifang Liang,
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Erlei Zhang, ; Zhiyong Huang, ; Huifang Liang,
| | - Erlei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Erlei Zhang, ; Zhiyong Huang, ; Huifang Liang,
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21
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Kleber KT, Iranpur KR, Perry LM, Cruz SM, Razmara AM, Culp WTN, Kent MS, Eisen JA, Rebhun RB, Canter RJ. Using the canine microbiome to bridge translation of cancer immunotherapy from pre-clinical murine models to human clinical trials. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983344. [PMID: 36032113 PMCID: PMC9412231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has clearly been established as a cutting-edge field in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Growing evidence supports the role of the microbiome in immune surveillance, self-tolerance, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade (1-6). Moreover, recent studies including those using fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) have demonstrated that response to checkpoint immunotherapies may be conferred or eliminated through gut microbiome modulation (7, 8). Consequently, studies evaluating microbiota-host immune and metabolic interactions remain an area of high impact research. While observations in murine models have highlighted the importance of the microbiome in response to therapy, we lack sufficient understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying these interactions. Furthermore, mouse and human gut microbiome composition may be too dissimilar for discovery of all relevant gut microbial biomarkers. Multiple cancers in dogs, including lymphoma, high grade gliomas, melanomas and osteosarcoma (OSA) closely resemble their human analogues, particularly in regard to metastasis, disease recurrence and response to treatment. Importantly, dogs with these spontaneous cancers also have intact immune systems, suggesting that microbiome analyses in these subjects may provide high yield information, especially in the setting of novel immunotherapy regimens which are currently expanding rapidly in canine comparative oncology (9, 10). Additionally, as onco-microbiotic therapies are developed to modify gut microbiomes for maximal responsiveness, large animal models with intact immune systems will be useful for trialing interventions and monitoring adverse events. Together, pre-clinical mechanistic studies and large animal trials can help fully unlock the potential of the microbiome as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara T. Kleber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Khurshid R. Iranpur
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lauren M. Perry
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sylvia M. Cruz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aryana M. Razmara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - William T. N. Culp
- Center for Companion Animal Health Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Center for Companion Animal Health Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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22
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Sonal S, Deshpande V, Ting DT, Cusack JC, Parikh AR, Neyaz A, Pankaj A, Taylor MS, Dinaux AM, Leijssen LGJ, Boudreau C, Locascio JJ, Kunitake H, Goldstone RN, Bordeianou LG, Cauley CE, Ricciardi R, Berger DL. Molecular Basis of Extramural Vascular Invasion (EMVI) in Colorectal Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7372-7382. [PMID: 35917013 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is a known poor prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma; however, its molecular basis has not been defined. This study aimed to assess the expression of molecular markers in EMVI positive colorectal carcinoma to understand their tumor microenvironment. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays of surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens for immunological markers, and BRAFV600E mutation (and on the tissue blocks for mismatch repair proteins). Automated quantification was used for CD8, LAG3, FOXP3, PU1, and CD163, and manual quantification was used for PDL1, HLA I markers (beta-2 microglobulin, HC10), and HLA II. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare EMVI positive and negative tumors. A logistic regression model was fitted to assess the predictive effect of biomarkers on EMVI. RESULTS There were 340 EMVI positive and 678 EMVI negative chemo naïve tumors. PDL1 was barely expressed on tumor cells (median 0) in the entire cohort. We found a significantly lower expression of CD8, LAG3, FOXP3, PU1 cells, PDL1 positive macrophages, and beta-2 microglobulin on tumor cells in the EMVI positive subset (p ≤ 0.001). There was no association of BRAFV600E or deficient mismatch repair proteins (dMMR) with EMVI. PU1 (OR 0.8, 0.7-0.9) and low PDL1 (OR 1.6, 1.1-2.3) independently predicted EMVI on multivariate logistic regression among all biomarkers examined. CONCLUSION There is a generalized blunting of immune response in EMVI positive colorectal carcinoma, which may contribute to a worse prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages seem to play the most significant role in determining EMVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sonal
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C Cusack
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aparna R Parikh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amaya Pankaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne M Dinaux
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Chirurgie, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve G J Leijssen
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdams University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chloe Boudreau
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroko Kunitake
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert N Goldstone
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana G Bordeianou
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christy E Cauley
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocco Ricciardi
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Berger
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Dwivedi M, Tiwari S, Kemp EH, Begum R. Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10450. [PMID: 36082331 PMCID: PMC9445387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs’ mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to alter such Tregs to improve the immune response against tumors. Highlighting important clinical studies, the review also describes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer, and discusses Treg-suppression by molecular targeting, which may emerge as an effective cancer immunotherapy and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. Tregs present a major obstacle to eliciting potent anti-tumor immune responses. The review summarizes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer. Treg can be an effective cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E. Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
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24
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Schneider KM, Mohs A, Gui W, Galvez EJC, Candels LS, Hoenicke L, Muthukumarasamy U, Holland CH, Elfers C, Kilic K, Schneider CV, Schierwagen R, Strnad P, Wirtz TH, Marschall HU, Latz E, Lelouvier B, Saez-Rodriguez J, de Vos W, Strowig T, Trebicka J, Trautwein C. Imbalanced gut microbiota fuels hepatocellular carcinoma development by shaping the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3964. [PMID: 35803930 PMCID: PMC9270328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Here, we observe that intestinal dysbiosis affects antitumor immune surveillance and drives liver disease progression towards cancer. Dysbiotic microbiota, as seen in Nlrp6-/- mice, induces a Toll-like receptor 4 dependent expansion of hepatic monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) and suppression of T-cell abundance. This phenotype is transmissible via fecal microbiota transfer and reversible upon antibiotic treatment, pointing to the high plasticity of the tumor microenvironment. While loss of Akkermansia muciniphila correlates with mMDSC abundance, its reintroduction restores intestinal barrier function and strongly reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis. Cirrhosis patients display increased bacterial abundance in hepatic tissue, which induces pronounced transcriptional changes, including activation of fibro-inflammatory pathways as well as circuits mediating cancer immunosuppression. This study demonstrates that gut microbiota closely shapes the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment opening approaches for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wenfang Gui
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric J C Galvez
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Hoenicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian H Holland
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Elfers
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Kilic
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Victoria Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa H Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Zimmer CL, Filipovic I, Cornillet M, O'Rourke CJ, Berglin L, Jansson H, Sun D, Strauss O, Hertwig L, Johansson H, von Seth E, Sparrelid E, Dias J, Glaumann H, Melum E, Ellis EC, Sandberg JK, Andersen JB, Bergquist A, Björkström NK. Mucosal-associated invariant T-cell tumor infiltration predicts long-term survival in cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2022; 75:1154-1168. [PMID: 34719787 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from biliary epithelial cells of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts with dismal prognosis and few nonsurgical treatments available. Despite recent success in the immunotherapy-based treatment of many tumor types, this has not been successfully translated to CCA. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are cytotoxic innate-like T cells highly enriched in the human liver, where they are located in close proximity to the biliary epithelium. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterize MAIT cells in intrahepatic (iCCA) and perihilar CCA (pCCA). APPROACH AND RESULTS Liver tissue from patients with CCA was used to study immune cells, including MAIT cells, in tumor-affected and surrounding tissue by immunohistochemistry, RNA-sequencing, and multicolor flow cytometry. The iCCA and pCCA tumor microenvironment was characterized by the presence of both cytotoxic T cells and high numbers of regulatory T cells. In contrast, MAIT cells were heterogenously lost from tumors compared to the surrounding liver tissue. This loss possibly occurred in response to increased bacterial burden within tumors. The residual intratumoral MAIT cell population exhibited phenotypic and transcriptomic alterations, but a preserved receptor repertoire for interaction with tumor cells. Finally, the high presence of MAIT cells in livers of iCCA patients predicted long-term survival in two independent cohorts and was associated with a favorable antitumor immune signature. CONCLUSIONS MAIT cell tumor infiltration associates with favorable immunological fitness and predicts survival in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Zimmer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Department of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lena Berglin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Hannes Jansson
- Division of SurgeryDepartment of Clinical Science, Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Dan Sun
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Otto Strauss
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Hertwig
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Helene Johansson
- Division of Transplantation SurgeryCLINTECKarolinka Institutet and Department of TransplantationKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Erik von Seth
- Division of Upper GI DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden.,Unit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Division of SurgeryDepartment of Clinical Science, Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Joana Dias
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Hans Glaumann
- Department of MedicineClinical Pathology and CytologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research CenterDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway.,Research Institute of Internal MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University HospitalOsloNorway.,Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway.,Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ewa C Ellis
- Division of Transplantation SurgeryCLINTECKarolinka Institutet and Department of TransplantationKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)Department of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Division of Upper GI DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden.,Unit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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26
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The Treatment Landscape of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:917-927. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen X, Tu J, Ma L, Huang Y, Yang C, Yuan X. Analysis of Ferroptosis-Related LncRNAs Signatures Associated with Tumor Immune Infiltration and Experimental Validation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3215-3235. [PMID: 35342303 PMCID: PMC8942346 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerge as a critical role in regulating cancer progression. Objective This study aimed to identify molecular regulation of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) in ccRCC. Methods The prognostic value of FRLs was investigated in ccRCC samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The FRLs were screened out by Pearson correlation test. The 465 FRLs confirmed as potential prognostic factors through univariate Cox regression analysis were entered into Lasso and multivariate Cox regression to build a FRLs prognostic signature. A risk score based on the prognostic model divided ccRCC patients into low- and high-risk groups. A prognostic nomogram, derived from the prognostic signature and integrating clinical characteristics, was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the immune- and tumor-associated pathways. Two distinct clusters were identified with different immune signatures through consensus clustering analysis. The prognostic value of some hub FRLs was externally validated via three GEO datasets (GSE46699, GSE53757 and GSE66272) and online databases. Finally, the three FRLs (LINC00460, LINC00941 and LINC02027) were verified through in vitro experiments. Results The FRLs prognostic signature, including 7 independent prognostic lncRNAs, exhibited good accuracy in predicting overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. This signature was correlated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We correlated two distinct clusters with immune infiltration signature of ccRCC. The worse prognosis of cluster 2 was probably mediated by immune evasion. We also found that the expression levels of LINC00460 and LINC00941 in ccRCC cell lines were higher than those in HK-2 cells, but LINC02027 showed the inverse trend. Conclusion Collectively, our study demonstrated a FRLs prognostic signature which had great clinical value in prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xianglin Yuan, Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8602783662683, Email
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Yang S, Li S. Development of prognostic predictive model with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with gastric signet ring carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28043. [PMID: 35029873 PMCID: PMC8735796 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk factors have not been well-defined for prognosis in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) patients. This study is designed to prognosticate survival in GSRC patients by establishing and verifying a predictive model with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).A total of 147 GSRC patients from Department of Surgical Oncology, Neimenggu Baogang Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. A predictive model was established using Cox proportional hazards. The performance of the model was evaluated by ROC curves.In present study, we found that overall survival (OS) (P < .001, Fig. 1A) and tumor recurrence rate (P = .036, Fig. 1B) in the NLR ≤ 2.8 group were significantly better than those in the NLR > 2.8 group. These results showed that NLR ≤ 2.8 was significant prognostic factor related with both OS and tumor recurrence in patients with GSRC. After adjusting for competing risk factors, NLR ≤ 2.8 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.625, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.505-5.3166, P = .003), tumor size (HR: 3.024, 95% CI: 1.521-4.186, P = .005), and tumor metastasis (HR: 3.303, 95% CI: 1.25-4.525, P = .012) remained independent predictors of tumor recurrence rate and OS. Our results showed that comparing with the model without NLR (area under ROC curve: 0.798), the model with NLR (area under ROC curve: 0.826) had significant better predictive power than the model without NLR, which further confirmed the value of NLR in predicting prognosis of patients with GSRC.In conclusion, a high NLR value independently predicts poor survival in patients with GSRC after surgery. The NLR may help oncologists evaluate outcomes of patients received surgical resection and chemotherapy in order to choose alternative therapies for patients with high NLR value.
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Sirbe C, Simu G, Szabo I, Grama A, Pop TL. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis-Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13578. [PMID: 34948375 PMCID: PMC8703580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric autoimmune liver disorders include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), and de novo AIH after liver transplantation. AIH is an idiopathic disease characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury associated with the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis, typically associated with autoantibodies. The etiology of AIH is not entirely unraveled, but evidence supports an intricate interaction among genetic variants, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications. The pathogenesis of AIH comprises the interaction between specific genetic traits and molecular mimicry for disease development, impaired immunoregulatory mechanisms, including CD4+ T cell population and Treg cells, alongside other contributory roles played by CD8+ cytotoxicity and autoantibody production by B cells. These findings delineate an intricate pathway that includes gene to gene and gene to environment interactions with various drugs, viral infections, and the complex microbiome. Epigenetics emphasizes gene expression through hereditary and reversible modifications of the chromatin architecture without interfering with the DNA sequence. These alterations comprise DNA methylation, histone transformations, and non-coding small (miRNA) and long (lncRNA) RNA transcriptions. The current first-line therapy comprises prednisolone plus azathioprine to induce clinical and biochemical remission. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms encountered in AIH may depict their impact on clinical aspects, detect biomarkers, and guide toward novel, effective, and better-targeted therapies with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sirbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gelu Simu
- Cardiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400066 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Szabo
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yang Y, Fu N, Wang H, Hao J. Leukocytes infiltration correlates intratumoral microvessel density and influence overall and late-phase disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28135. [PMID: 35049245 PMCID: PMC9191282 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe type of primary liver cancer with high postoperative recurrence. The prognosis predictability of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) for patients who underwent HCC resection has been widely reported. However, limited information is available about TIL trafficking, which is also crucial for HCC patients.We included tumor tissue samples and clinical data from 89 HCC patients in this study and performed immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and CD31. TILs were measured using an algorithm for quantification of tumor immune stroma (QTiS). Intratumoral microvessels were counted using Weidner's method. We first examined correlations among them and analyzed their relationships with clinical and survival data.Intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD) was significantly correlated with infiltration of CD3+ (r = 0.338, P = .001) and CD8+ (r = 0.320, P = .002) cells, but not FoxP3+ (r = 0.153, P = .152) cells. After multivariate analysis, higher infiltration of CD3+ (P = .038) independently showed significant predictability on better overall survival after resection of HCC. Although no influence of CD3+ (P = .386) and CD8+ (P = .648) cells were found on general disease-free survival, infiltration of CD3+ (P = .012), tumor size (P = .032) and albumin (P = .007) cells independently predicted late-phase disease-free survival. No significant relationships regarding iMVD, and infiltration of FoxP3+ cells with overall and disease-free survival were found.Our data suggest that increased iMVD could enrich tumor-infiltrating CD3+ cells. Infiltrated CD3+ cells could help to better predict both the overall and late-phase disease-free survival after resection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ning Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Chung T, Rhee H, Shim HS, Yoo JE, Choi GH, Kim H, Park YN. Genetic, Clinicopathological, and Radiological Features of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Ductal Plate Malformation Pattern. Gut Liver 2021; 16:613-624. [PMID: 34810298 PMCID: PMC9289835 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with a ductal plate malformation (DPM) pattern is a recently recognized rare variant. The genomic profile of iCCA with DPM pattern needs to be elucidated. Methods Cases of iCCA with DPM pattern were retrospectively reviewed based on the medical records, pathology slides, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports collected between 2010 to 2019 at a single center. Massive parallel sequencing was performed for >500 cancer-related genes. Results From a total of 175 iCCAs, five (2.9%) cases of iCCA with DPM pattern were identified. All cases were of the small duct type, and background liver revealed chronic B viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Three iCCAs with DPM pattern harbored MRI features favoring the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas nonspecific imaging features were observed in two cases. All patients were alive without recurrence during an average follow-up period of 57 months. Sequencing data revealed 64 mutated genes in the five cases, among which FGFR2 and PTPRT were most frequently mutated (three cases each) including an FGFR2-TNC fusion in one case. Mutations in ARID1A and CDKN2A were found in two cases, and mutations in TP53, BAP1, ATM, NF1, and STK11 were observed in one case each. No IDH1, KRAS, or PBRM1 mutations were found. Conclusions iCCAs with DPM pattern have different clinico-radio-pathologic and genetic characteristics compared to conventional iCCAs. Moreover, FGFR2 and ARID1A variants were identified. Altogether, these findings further suggest that iCCA with DPM pattern represents a specific subtype of small duct type iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Chung
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungjin Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Hong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Costa PAC, Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Picoli CC, Guardia GDA, Costa AC, Oliveira MA, Guimarães PPG, Gonçalves R, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Resende RR, Russo RC, Cunha TM, Galante PAF, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Chemogenetic modulation of sensory neurons reveals their regulating role in melanoma progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34784974 PMCID: PMC8594104 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons have recently emerged as components of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, whether sensory neuronal activity is important for tumor progression remains unknown. Here we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug (DREADD) technology to inhibit or activate sensory neurons' firing within the melanoma tumor. Melanoma growth and angiogenesis were accelerated following inhibition of sensory neurons' activity and were reduced following overstimulation of these neurons. Sensory neuron-specific overactivation also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of melanoma biopsies revealed that increased expression of sensory neurons-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that sensory innervations regulate melanoma progression, indicating that manipulation of sensory neurons' activity may provide a valuable tool to improve melanoma patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A C Costa
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Walison N Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Pedro H D M Prazeres
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Alinne C Costa
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mariana A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Pedro P G Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brasil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Analogies between placentation, in particular the behavior of trophoblast cells, and cancer have been noted since the beginning of the twentieth century. To what degree these can be explained as a consequence of the evolution of placentation has been unclear. In this review, we conclude that many similarities between trophoblast and cancer cells are shared with other, phylogenetically older processes than placentation. The best candidates for cancer hallmarks that can be explained by the evolution of eutherian placenta are mechanisms of immune evasion. Another dimension of the maternal accommodation of the placenta with an impact on cancer malignancy is the evolution of endometrial invasibility. Species with lower degrees of placental invasion tend to have lower vulnerability to cancer malignancy. We finally identify several areas in which one could expect to see coevolutionary changes in placental and cancer biology but that, to our knowledge, have not been explored. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter P Wagner
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Storrs, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Anasuya Dighe
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; , , .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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De Zutter A, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Chemokines by CD26 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174247. [PMID: 34503058 PMCID: PMC8428238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that fulfill a central function in cancer. Both tumor-promoting and -impeding roles have been ascribed to chemokines, which they exert in a direct or indirect manner. An important post-translational modification that regulates chemokine activity is the NH2-terminal truncation by peptidases. CD26 is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV), which typically clips a NH2-terminal dipeptide from the chemokine. With a certain degree of selectivity in terms of chemokine substrate, CD26 only recognizes chemokines with a penultimate proline or alanine. Chemokines can be protected against CD26 recognition by specific amino acid residues within the chemokine structure, by oligomerization or by binding to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Upon truncation, the binding affinity for receptors and GAGs is altered, which influences chemokine function. The consequences of CD26-mediated clipping vary, as unchanged, enhanced, and reduced activities are reported. In tumors, CD26 most likely has the most profound effect on CXCL12 and the interferon (IFN)-inducible CXCR3 ligands, which are converted into receptor antagonists upon truncation. Depending on the tumor type, expression of CD26 is upregulated or downregulated and often results in the preferential generation of the chemokine isoform most favorable for tumor progression. Considering the tight relationship between chemokine sequence and chemokine binding specificity, molecules with the appropriate characteristics can be chemically engineered to provide innovative therapeutic strategies in a cancer setting.
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Zaki MYW, Mahdi AK, Patman GL, Whitehead A, Maurício JP, McCain MV, Televantou D, Abou-Beih S, Ramon-Gil E, Watson R, Cox C, Leslie J, Wilson C, Govaere O, Lunec J, Mann DA, Nakjang S, Oakley F, Shukla R, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Reeves HL. Key features of the environment promoting liver cancer in the absence of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16727. [PMID: 34408183 PMCID: PMC8373870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, even in the absence of cirrhosis. We aimed to develop a murine model that would facilitate further understanding of NAFLD-HCC pathogenesis. A total of 144 C3H/He mice were fed either control or American lifestyle (ALIOS) diet, with or without interventions, for up to 48 weeks of age. Gross, liver histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-sequencing data were interpreted alongside human datasets. The ALIOS diet promoted obesity, elevated liver weight, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and spontaneous HCC. Liver weight, fasting blood glucose, steatosis, lobular inflammation and lipogranulomas were associated with development of HCC, as were markers of hepatocyte proliferation and DNA damage. An antioxidant diminished cellular injury, fibrosis and DNA damage, but not lobular inflammation, lipogranulomas, proliferation and HCC development. An acquired CD44 phenotype in macrophages was associated with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD-HCC. In this diet induced NASH and HCC (DINAH) model, key features of obesity associated NAFLD-HCC have been reproduced, highlighting roles for hepatic steatosis and proliferation, with the acquisition of lobular inflammation and CD44 positive macrophages in the development of HCC-even in the absence of progressive injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Youssef William Zaki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khairallah Mahdi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gillian Lucinda Patman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anna Whitehead
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - João Pais Maurício
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sameh Abou-Beih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Erik Ramon-Gil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robyn Watson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte Cox
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derek Austin Mann
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Louise Reeves
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK.
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Xu L, Song J. Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio can be a biomarker for predicting the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26335. [PMID: 34260524 PMCID: PMC8284729 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether measuring the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be useful for predicting the risks of developing cervical lesions.This is a retrospective analysis of 212 women who were enrolled in this study. Among them, 106 patients with histologically confirmed CIN1-3 who were treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure or cold knife cone in the Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between July 30th 2016 and January 30th 2019.Among the 106 patients in the CIN group, cytology showed minor abnormality which included atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 42, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 62, and squamous cell carcinoma in 2 patients. We found that the NLR has no significant difference between the control group and the CIN1 group, while there were significant differences between CIN1 and CIN2, and CIN2 and CIN3 group. The median of the NLR was higher in the HPV16-persistent groups than in the HPV-negative group.In conclusion, a high NLR value independently predicts CIN and the stage of CIN. The NLR may help doctors evaluate outcomes of patients received conization and choose alternative therapies for patients with high NLR value.
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Zhong X, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Ding J, Wang P, Luo Y, Liu H, Zhu Z, Jing X. Enhanced antitumor efficacy through microwave ablation combined with a dendritic cell-derived exosome vaccine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:1210-1218. [PMID: 33100037 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1836406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antitumor efficacy of microwave ablation combined with dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) or dendritic cells (DC) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma using a tumor-bearing mouse model. METHODS We used a bilateral tumor-bearing mouse model treated with MWA, MWA + DC (DC-combined group) or MWA + Dex (Dex-combined group). Following tumor ablation on one side, the tumor volume on the contralateral side was monitored. The proportions of CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the number of CD8+ T cells and Treg cells in tumor sites was detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ in plasma was identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with MWA monotherapy. In addition, the tumor immune microenvironment was significantly improved in HCC mice in the combination therapy groups compared to MWA group demonstrated by an increased number of CD8+ T cells and a decreased number of Treg cells in tumor sites. A lower proportion of Treg cells were observed in the spleen in the combination therapy groups compared to MWA group. Moreover, the concentration of plasma IFN-γ increased, and the concentration of plasma IL-10 decreased in the combination therapy groups compared to the MWA group. However, there was no statistical difference between the Dex-combined group and the DC-combined group in the comparisons mentioned above. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that MWA combined with Dex can significantly inhibit tumor growth and improve the immune microenvironment compared to MWA alone. Furthermore, the immune-enhancing effect of Dex and DC was equivalent in our combination therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhong
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Granito A, Muratori L, Lalanne C, Quarneti C, Ferri S, Guidi M, Lenzi M, Muratori P. Hepatocellular carcinoma in viral and autoimmune liver diseases: Role of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the immune microenvironment. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2994-3009. [PMID: 34168403 PMCID: PMC8192285 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i22.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in patients with cirrhosis, of which hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the leading causes, while the tumor less frequently arises in autoimmune liver diseases. Advances in understanding tumor immunity have led to a major shift in the treatment of HCC, with the emergence of immunotherapy where therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the most abundant suppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and their presence has been correlated with tumor progression, invasiveness, as well as metastasis. Tregs are characterized by the expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 and various mechanisms ranging from cell-to-cell contact to secretion of inhibitory molecules have been implicated in their function. Notably, Tregs amply express checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed cell-death 1 receptor and therefore represent a direct target of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy. Taking into consideration the critical role of Tregs in maintenance of immune homeostasis as well as avoidance of autoimmunity, it is plausible that targeting of Tregs by ICI immunotherapy results in the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Since the use of ICI becomes common in oncology, with an increasing number of new ICI currently under clinical trials for cancer treatment, the occurrence of irAEs is expected to dramatically rise. Herein, we review the current literature focusing on the role of Tregs in HCC evolution taking into account their opposite etiological function in viral and autoimmune chronic liver disease, and we discuss their involvement in irAEs due to the new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Granito
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Luigi Muratori
- Division of Internal Medicine and Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Claudine Lalanne
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Chiara Quarneti
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marcello Guidi
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Lenzi
- Division of Internal Medicine and Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Paolo Muratori
- Division of Internal Medicine, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47100, Italy
- Department of Science for the Quality of Life, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Schoenberg MB, Li X, Li X, Han Y, Hao J, Miksch RC, Koch D, Börner N, Beger NT, Bucher JN, Schiergens TS, Guba MO, Werner J, Bazhin AV. The predictive value of tumor infiltrating leukocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2561-2570. [PMID: 33966947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgery either through resection or transplantation often provides the only chance for cure. Since hepatocarcinogenesis and postsurgical prognosis is not only dependent on cirrhosis but also on immune activation and exhaustion, many studies have investigated tumor infiltrating leukocyte (TIL) subsets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at describing the cell groups and their predictive power regarding overall (OS), disease free (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted (PROSPERO 172324). Data on CD3+, CD8+, Treg, B cells, macrophages, neutrophil and NK-cells were collected from Pubmed and related references up to December 2018. Overall (OS), disease-free (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in dependence of high vs. low infiltration rates were compared using a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Altogether data from 3541 patients enrolled in 20 publications were included. Except for Tregs and Neutrophils, heterogeneity analysis was found to be moderate to high across the studies. High CD3+, CD8+, NK-cell infiltration predicted better survival (OS, DFS and RFS; p < 0.05). Higher Treg and Neutrophil infiltration predicted lower OS and DFS. For Macrophages and B cells no difference in survival could be found. DISCUSSION As with other solid tumors immune infiltration has a great influence on survival after resection. However, a considerable publication bias cannot be ruled out in mostly retrospective analyses. Nevertheless, in light of novel immune modulatory treatments this opens a new avenue towards effective and well-tolerated adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bo Schoenberg
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rainer Christoph Miksch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Börner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Theresa Beger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Nikolaus Bucher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Simon Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Hasegawa S, Kobayashi N, Okubo N, Tokuhisa M, Goto A, Kurita Y, Sato T, Hosono K, Endo I, Nakajima A, Ichikawa Y. Pathological Findings of the Host Immune Reaction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Intern Med 2021; 60:977-983. [PMID: 33162477 PMCID: PMC8079921 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5648-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and indolent diseases, but the efficacy of treatment without surgical resection is temporary and limited. Targeted immunotherapy is an important treatment strategy in several cancers. However, the tumor and host immune reactions in the NEN microenvironment are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the immune checkpoint system and host immune response in pathological NEN specimens. Methods The expression of the mismatch repair proteins MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1 was immunohistochemically detected in archival tissue samples obtained from 20 patients with gastroenteropancreatic NENs. We additionally assessed the expression of programmed death (PD)-1, PD-L1, and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) markers CD8 and family of transcription factor P3 (FOXP3). Results All 20 NENs expressed the mismatch repair proteins MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MLH1. The PD-L1 and/or PD-1 expression in the tumor cells and/or TILs was confirmed in 75% of the cases. PD-1-, CD8-, and FOXP3-positive TILs were more frequently associated with PD-L1-positive tumors than with PD-L1 negative tumors (PD-1: 19.5 vs. 7.3, CD8: 18.1 vs. 7.1, FOXP3: 13.2 vs. 3.2, p=0.438, p=0.419, P=0.603, respectively). The number of cells positive for PD-1 tended to gradually increase in increasing grade of NENs but did not reach significance (Grade 1: 5.8, Grade 2: 10.2, NEC: 18.1, p=0.903). Conclusion NENs consistently express mismatch repair proteins but have a high expression of PD-L1 and/or PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment. NEC and PD-L1-positive NENs may be immunologically "hot" tumors, so an immunological approach may be an appropriate treatment strategy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hasegawa
- Oncology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Okubo
- Oncology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Ayumu Goto
- Oncology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurita
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sato
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Gastroenterological Surgery Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
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Wang Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Ji M, Yang JJ, Zhou CM. Predicting postoperative liver cancer death outcomes with machine learning. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:629-634. [PMID: 33539249 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1885361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 5 machine learning algorithms in predicting total hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) postoperative death outcomes. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis. A prognosis model was established using machine learning with python. RESULTS The results from the machine learning gbm algorithm showed that the most important factors, ranked from first to fifth, were: preoperative aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), preoperative AFP, preoperative cereal third transaminase (GPT), preoperative total bilirubin, and LC3. Postoperative death model results for liver cancer patients in the test group: of the 5 algorithm models, the highest accuracy rate was that of forest (0.739), followed by the gbm algorithm (0.714); of the 5 algorithms, the AUC values, from high to low, were forest (0.803), GradientBoosting (0.746), gbm (0.724), Logistic (0.660) and DecisionTree (0.578). CONCLUSION Machine learning can predict total hepatocellular carcinoma postoperative death outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaopeng Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Mao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Preoperative immune landscape predisposes adverse outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver transplantation. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:27. [PMID: 33772139 PMCID: PMC7997876 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune class in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been shown to possess immunogenic power; however, how preestablished immune landscapes in premalignant and early HCC stages impact the clinical outcomes of HCC patients remains unexplored. We sequenced bulk transcriptomes for 62 malignant tumor samples from a Korean HCC cohort in which 38 patients underwent total hepatectomy, as well as for 15 normal and 47 adjacent nontumor samples. Using in silico deconvolution of expression mixtures, 22 immune cell fractions for each sample were inferred, and validated with immune cell counting by immunohistochemistry. Cell type-specific immune signatures dynamically shifted from premalignant stages to the late HCC stage. Total hepatectomy patients displayed elevated immune infiltration and prolonged disease-free survival compared to the partial hepatectomy patients. However, patients who exhibited an infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during the pretransplantation period displayed a high risk of tumor relapse with suppressed immune responses, and pretreatment was a potential driver of Treg infiltration in the total hepatectomy group. Treg infiltration appeared to be independent of molecular classifications based on transcriptomic data. Our study provides not only comprehensive immune signatures in adjacent nontumor lesions and early malignant HCC stages but also clinical guidance for HCC patients who will undergo liver transplantation.
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Dehghani M, Shokrgozar N, Ramzi M, Kalani M, Golmoghaddam H, Arandi N. The impact of selenium on regulatory T cell frequency and immune checkpoint receptor expression in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2961-2969. [PMID: 33721055 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, selenium (Se) has been known as a potential anti-cancer agent that can also improve the function of immune cells in a variety of solid tumors. However, there is no report on the role of Se on CD4+ T cell subsets like CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lymphoma patients. In this randomized clinical trial, we investigated the effect of 3-month Se consumption on the frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in thirty-two non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients (16 patients with Se (Se+) and 16 without Se (Se-) consumption) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype at stable remission. The change in the frequency of Tregs and expression of immune checkpoint receptors including CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, and PD-L1 genes were evaluated after 3 months in both groups using flow cytometry and SYBR Green Real-time PCR method, respectively. The results showed that the frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and expression of immune checkpoint receptors did not significantly change after 3-month Se consumption in DLBCL patients. However, alteration in the frequency of CD4+CD25-FOXP3+ Treg subsets was positively correlated with change in CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIM-3 expression in the Se+ group. Three-month Se supplementation did not prevent relapse in Se+ group. Taken together, Se supplementation alone did not affect the frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, expression of checkpoint receptors, and prevention of relapse in DLBCL patients at stable remission phase but might influence the functional properties of other Treg subsets like CD4+CD25-FOXP3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Shokrgozar
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Golmoghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nargess Arandi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Nie H, He T, Wang L, Zhang L. Expression and Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1377-1385. [PMID: 33658801 PMCID: PMC7920601 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s289720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the difference in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand (PD-L1) in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its adjacent tissues, and to evaluate their effect on HCC prognosis. Methods Liver cancer and paracancerous tissue samples were collected from 72 patients who underwent radical hepatectomy between December 15, 2017 and January 9, 2019. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distribution of TILs and PD-L1, analyze the correlation between the expression of CD8/CD3 and PD-L1 and clinical-pathological parameters, and evaluate their effect on the prognosis of HCC patients. Results The distribution proportion of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, and PD-L1 in liver cancer were significantly higher than in paracancerous tissues, while the distribution proportion of CD8+T cells was significantly lower (all P<0.05). In HCC, the distribution proportion of CD8+T cells was related to tumor size and stage, while the PD-L1 expression was related to the tumor stage only (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation, TNM stage, expression of CD8/CD3, and PD-L1 in tumor tissue were related to disease-free survival (DFS)(P < 0.05); multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor differentiation, TNM stage, CD8/CD3, and PD-L1 expression were independent influencing factors of postoperative DFS (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the DFS of CD8/CD3 high expression group was significantly higher than that of the low expression group, and the DFS of PD-L1 low expression group was significantly higher than that of the high expression group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in the distribution of TILs and PD-L1 in HCC and paracancerous tissues. The expression of CD8/CD3 and PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC may help evaluate the immunological indexes of prognosis after radical resection of HCC and to further the study of immunotherapy in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
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Tada T, Kumada T, Hiraoka A, Michitaka K, Atsukawa M, Hirooka M, Tsuji K, Ishikawa T, Takaguchi K, Kariyama K, Itobayashi E, Tajiri K, Shimada N, Shibata H, Ochi H, Yasuda S, Toyoda H, Fukunishi S, Ohama H, Kawata K, Nakamura S, Nouso K, Tsutsui A, Nagano T, Itokawa N, Hayama K, Arai T, Imai M, Joko K, Koizumi Y, Hiasa Y. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who receive lenvatinib: an inverse probability weighting analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 32:261-268. [PMID: 32282541 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lenvatinib, a newly developed molecularly targeted agent, has become available as a first-line therapy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been associated with poor outcome in various malignancies, including HCC. In this study, we investigated the ability of PLR to predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC who received lenvatinib. METHODS Multivariate survival analysis was performed in 283 patients with unresectable HCC who received lenvatinib. In addition, the utility of PLR for predicting survival was clarified using an inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis. RESULTS Cumulative overall survival at 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 days was 95.2, 83.8, 68.3, 60.3, and 49.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that PLR (≥150) [hazard ratio, 1.588; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.039-2.428; P = 0.033], α-fetoprotein level, and Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage were independently associated with overall survival. Cumulative overall survival differed significantly between patients with low versus high PLR (P = 0.029). In addition, univariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusted by IPW showed that PLR (≥150) (hazard ratio, 1.396; 95% CI, 1.051-1.855; P = 0.021) was significantly associated with overall survival. Conversely, univariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusted only by IPW showed that PLR (≥150) (hazard ratio, 1.254; 95% CI, 1.016-1.549; P = 0.035) was significantly associated with progression-free survival. PLR values were not independently associated with therapeutic responses before or after IPW-adjusted logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS PLR predicted overall survival in patients with unresectable HCC who received lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Internal medicine, Himeji Red Cross Hospital, Himeji
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki, Gifu
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama
| | - Kojiro Michitaka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo
| | - Masashi Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama
| | - Kunihiko Tsuji
- Center of Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata
| | - Koichi Takaguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu
| | - Kazuya Kariyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama
| | - Ei Itobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama
| | - Noritomo Shimada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Otakanomori Hospital, Kashiwa
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima
| | - Hironori Ochi
- Hepato-biliary Center, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki
| | - Hideko Ohama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama
| | - Akemi Tsutsui
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu
| | - Takuya Nagano
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo
| | - Korenobu Hayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo
| | - Taeang Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo
| | - Michitaka Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata
| | - Kouji Joko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama
| | - Yohei Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama
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Ngowi EE, Afzal A, Sarfraz M, Khattak S, Zaman SU, Khan NH, Li T, Jiang QY, Zhang X, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Role of hydrogen sulfide donors in cancer development and progression. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:73-88. [PMID: 33390834 PMCID: PMC7757040 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a vast number of potential cancer therapeutic targets have emerged. However, developing efficient and effective drugs for the targets is of major concern. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the three known gasotransmitters, is involved in the regulation of various cellular activities such as autophagy, apoptosis, migration, and proliferation. Low production of H2S has been identified in numerous cancer types. Treating cancer cells with H2S donors is the common experimental technique used to improve H2S levels; however, the outcome depends on the concentration/dose, time, cell type, and sometimes the drug used. Both natural and synthesized donors are available for this purpose, although their effects vary independently ranging from strong cancer suppressors to promoters. Nonetheless, numerous signaling pathways have been reported to be altered following the treatments with H2S donors which suggest their potential in cancer treatment. This review will analyze the potential of H2S donors in cancer therapy by summarizing key cellular processes and mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Attia Afzal
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 56400, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 56400, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shams Uz Zaman
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Qi-Ying Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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47
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Yuan D, Chen Y, Li X, Li J, Zhao Y, Shen J, Du F, Kaboli PJ, Li M, Wu X, Ji H, Cho CH, Wen Q, Li W, Xiao Z, Chen B. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy and Diagnosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:220-235. [PMID: 33390845 PMCID: PMC7757045 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Increasing studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNAs that are greater than 200 nucleotides in length but lack the ability to encode proteins, exert crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC. LncRNAs promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating downstream target gene expression and cancer-related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, lncRNA can be used as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of HCC treatment strategies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and as a potential individualized tool for HCC diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we overview up-to-date findings on lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for HCC surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy resistance, target therapy, and immunotherapy, and discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNA as tools for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijiao Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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48
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Gu Z, Da Silva CG, Van der Maaden K, Ossendorp F, Cruz LJ. Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1054. [PMID: 33158166 PMCID: PMC7694212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shown remarkable progress in recent years. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, have favorable advantages with the potential to further improve cancer immunotherapy and even stronger immune responses by improving cell type-specific delivery and enhancing drug efficacy. Liposomes can offer solutions to common problems faced by several cancer immunotherapies, including the following: (1) Vaccination: Liposomes can improve the delivery of antigens and other stimulatory molecules to antigen-presenting cells or T cells; (2) Tumor normalization: Liposomes can deliver drugs selectively to the tumor microenvironment to overcome the immune-suppressive state; (3) Rewiring of tumor signaling: Liposomes can be used for the delivery of specific drugs to specific cell types to correct or modulate pathways to facilitate better anti-tumor immune responses; (4) Combinational therapy: Liposomes are ideal vehicles for the simultaneous delivery of drugs to be combined with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy. In this review, different liposomal systems specifically developed for immunomodulation in cancer are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.G.); (C.G.D.S.)
| | - Candido G. Da Silva
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.G.); (C.G.D.S.)
| | - Koen Van der Maaden
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (F.O.)
- TECOdevelopment GmbH, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.G.); (C.G.D.S.)
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49
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Shi J, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhu Z, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Du Z. Interleukin 22 is related to development and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:855-864. [PMID: 32205116 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have reported that interleukin 22 (IL-22) exhibits both protective and pathological properties in liver diseases. Our aim was to explore the importance of IL-22 in the development of HCC, and to characterize the relationship between IL-22 levels and the prognosis of HCC. METHODS Totally, 136 liver biopsy specimens from 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 37 with atypical hyperplasia (AH), 53 with HCC, patient-matched tumors and peritumoral surgical specimens from 56 HCC patients included in the study. The expression of IL-22 and CD8 was evaluated by immunochemistry. Corresponding serum samples were collected from 30 CHB, 30 AH, and 30 HCC patients. IL-22 expression was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Liver-infiltrating IL-22+ cells increased in a stepwise manner from CHB to AH and HCC (CHB vs. AH, P=0.002; AH vs. HCC, P=0.010), whereas a decreasing trend was observed for CD8+ T cells (CHB vs. AH, P=0.031; AH vs. HCC, P=0.652). Serum IL-22 levels also increased from CHB to AH and HCC (CHB vs. AH, P=0.024; AH vs. HCC, P=0.026). Tumor-infiltrating IL-22+ cells and serum IL-22 were associated with histologic grade (P=0.024 and P=0.033). Additionally, CD8+ T cells correlated with tumor size (P=0.032). Furthermore, the high intratumoral IL-22+ cell group and high serum IL-22 group showed lower overall survival (OS; P=0.001, P=0.017) and disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.005, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that intratumoral IL-22+ cells and serum IL-22 levels were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IL-22 promotes the progression of HCC in CHB patients. High tumor-infiltrating IL-22+ cells and serum IL-22 levels are thought to be unfavorable prognostic indicators for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Shi
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Zhi Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China.
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50
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Gong Z, Jia H, Yu J, Liu Y, Ren J, Yang S, Hu B, Liu L, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Nuclear FOXP3 inhibits tumor growth and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting c-Myc. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:97. [PMID: 33116119 PMCID: PMC7595121 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The status of FOXP3 and its isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression and function of FOXP3 and its isoforms in HCC. The study was performed on 84 HCC patients, HCC cell lines and a mouse tumor model. The levels of FOXP3 and its isoforms were determined by nested PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The correlation between their levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. The full length of FOXP3 (FOXP3) and exon 3-deleted FOXP3 (FOXP3Δ3) were found to be the major isoforms in HCC. The levels of FOXP3Δ3 mRNA and protein in HCC tumor samples were not significantly different from their adjacent normal tissues. The high expression of FOXP3 protein in HCC patients showed a good overall survival. The overexpression of FOXP3 significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The immunofluorescence result indicated that FOXP3 needed to be translocated into the nucleus to exert its inhibitory function. The luciferase assay demonstrated that FOXP3 could be synergistic with Smad2/3/4 to inhibit the oncogene c-Myc. The co-immunoprecipitation results further revealed that FOXP3 could interact with Smad2/3/4. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that both FOXP3 and Smad2/3/4 bound the promoter of the c-Myc to inhibit it. The in vivo mouse tumor model study confirmed the inhibitory effect of FOXP3. Collectively, the expression of tumor FOXP3 can inhibit the growth of HCC via suppressing c-Myc directly or indirectly via interacting with Smad2/3/4. Therefore, FOXP3 is a tumor suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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