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Pan Y, Yang X, Chen M, Shi K, Lyu Y, Meeson AP, Lash GE. Role of Cancer Side Population Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer Angiogenesis. Med Princ Pract 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39068919 DOI: 10.1159/000539642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Recurrence and metastasis often occur after treatment, and it has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells with the ability of self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and infinite proliferation. They have been shown to play an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. Ovarian cancer side population (SP) cells, a type of CSC, have been shown to play roles in tumor formation, colony formation, xenograft tumor formation, ascites formation, and tumor metastasis. The rapid progression of tumor angiogenesis is necessary for tumor growth; however, many of the mechanisms driving this process are unclear as is the contribution of CSCs. The aim of this review was to document the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanism of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) in regulating tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XueFen Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Miaojuan Chen
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Joint International Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Annette P Meeson
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliate Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kawano T, Kawagoe Y, Fujisaki M, Osawa A, Ueno N, Enzaki N, Kawaguchi T, Onishi J, Katsuragi S, Sameshima H. Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema Syndrome as a Manifestation of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. Intern Med 2023; 62:629-632. [PMID: 35945021 PMCID: PMC10017248 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9443-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of ovarian cancer recurrence detected every time with symptoms of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) syndrome. A 46-year-old woman who had a history of ovarian cancer 9 months earlier developed joint pain along with pitting edema in both hands and was diagnosed with RS3PE syndrome. Two and four years after initial surgery for ovarian cancer, symptoms of RS3PE syndrome appeared, and a recurrent site was detected. With resection of the relapsed sites and increased maintenance dose of methylprednisolone, these symptoms improved within a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Midori Fujisaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Osawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Ueno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Natsumi Enzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junji Onishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Katsuragi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sameshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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Sevinyan L, Gupta P, Velliou E, Madhuri TK. The Development of a Three-Dimensional Platform for Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Tissue Models: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5628. [PMID: 36428724 PMCID: PMC9688222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet biomedical need for ex vivo tumour models that would predict drug responses and in turn help determine treatment regimens and potentially predict resistance before clinical studies. Research has shown that three dimensional models of ovarian cancer (OvCa) are more realistic than two dimensional in vitro systems as they are able to capture patient in vivo conditions in more accurate manner. The vast majority of studies aiming to recapitulate the ovarian tumour morphology, behaviors, and study chemotherapy responses have been using ovarian cancer cell lines. However, despite the advantages of utilising cancer cell lines to set up a platform, they are not as informative as systems applying patient derived cells, as cell lines are not able to recapitulate differences between each individual patient characteristics. In this review we discussed the most recent advances in the creation of 3D ovarian cancer models that have used patient derived material, the challenges to overcome and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Sevinyan
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Cancer Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4HQ, UK
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thumuluru Kavitha Madhuri
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Cancer Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4HQ, UK
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Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer Ascites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810692. [PMID: 36142615 PMCID: PMC9504085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a specific type of metastasis, via transcoelomic, and most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with multiple tumors spread within the peritoneal cavity. The role of Malignant Ascites (MA) is to serve as a transporter of tumor cells from the primary location to the peritoneal wall or to the surface of the peritoneal organs. MA comprise cellular components with tumor and non-tumor cells and acellular components, creating a unique microenvironment capable of modifying the tumor behavior. These microenvironment factors influence tumor cell proliferation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune evasion, suggesting that MA play an active role in OC progression. Tumor cells induce a complex immune suppression that neutralizes antitumor immunity, leading to disease progression and treatment failure, provoking a tumor-promoting environment. In this review, we will focus on the High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) microenvironment with special attention to the tumor microenvironment immunology.
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Ovarian Cancer: Small Molecule Inhibitor and Monoclonal Antibody, Where Are We Now? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092113. [PMID: 36140214 PMCID: PMC9495728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynaecological malignancies worldwide. Despite high success rates following first time treatment, this heterogenous disease is prone to recurrence. Oncogenic activity of receptor tyrosine kinases is believed to drive the progression of ovarian cancer. Here we provide an update on the progress of the therapeutic targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer. Broadly, drug classes that inhibit tyrosine kinase/pathways can be classified as small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, or immunotherapeutic vaccines. Small molecule inhibitors tested in clinical trials thus far include sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, tivantinib, and erlotinib. Monoclonal antibodies include bevacizumab, cetuximab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and seribantumab. While numerous trials have been carried out, the results of monotherapeutic agents have not been satisfactory. For combination with chemotherapy, the monoclonal antibodies appear more effective, though the efficacy is limited by low frequency of target alteration and a lack of useful predictive markers for treatment stratification. There remain critical gaps for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancers; however, platinum-sensitive tumours may benefit from the combination of tyrosine kinase targeting drugs and PARP inhibitors. Immunotherapeutics such as a peptide B-cell epitope vaccine and plasmid-based DNA vaccine have shown some efficacy both as monotherapeutic agents and in combination therapy, but require further development to validate current findings. In conclusion, the tyrosine kinases remain attractive targets for treating ovarian cancers. Future development will need to consider effective drug combination, frequency of target, and developing predictive biomarker.
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Ding Y, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Vettorazzi E, Legler K, Milde-Langosch K, Woelber L, Jaeger A, Prieske K, Mueller V, Schmalfeldt B, Kuerti S. VEGF-C serum level is associated with response to bevacizumab maintenance therapy in primary ovarian cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269680. [PMID: 35687576 PMCID: PMC9187059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective At present, maintenance therapy with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab or with PARP-inhibitors represent two options for BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer patients, after platinum-based first line chemotherapy. The identification of molecular markers to predict patient response to different maintenance therapies remains a major challenge. In the present study we analyzed the predictive potential of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) to identify ovarian cancer patients that might benefit from an antiangiogenic therapy. Methods 101 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed for serum levels of VEGF-A,–C and CA-125 by ELISA. Serum levels were compared between patients with low pT-stage (pT1a-pT2c n = 11), healthy individuals (n = 27) and patients with higher pT-stage (> = pT3 n = 90). Adjusted ROC curves and an adjusted logistic regression model were carried out to evaluate the potential impact of VEGF-A and -C, as well as CA-125 serum level concentration on bevacizumab-therapy response, under consideration of covariates such as FIGO, pM, pN and residual tumor after surgery. Results A patient which has in comparison twice the VEGF-C concentration in serum, has a significant increased chance of response to bevacizumab by a factor of 2.79. Further, only VEGF-C serum levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with lower pT-stage compared to healthy individuals, whereas VEGF-A or CA-125 serum levels could not discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with ovarian cancer at low pT-stages. Conclusion VEGF-C serum level might serve as as a biomarker to evaluate treatment response under bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen Legler
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linn Woelber
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Mueller
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kuerti
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kaparelou M, Liontos M, Katsimbri P, Andrikopoulou A, Papatheodoridi A, Kyriazoglou A, Bamias A, Zagouri F, Dimopoulos MA. Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab-induced arthralgia and clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Single center experience. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 40:100953. [PMID: 35265745 PMCID: PMC8898916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint manifestations are a concerning issue among women undergoing bevacizumab maintenance treatment for ovarian cancer. Proper management results in treatment termination in only a small percentage of cases. Treatment interruption or early discontinuation does not adversely affect survival in these patients.
Background Joint manifestations are ill-defined adverse events that were frequently reported of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer patients. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and severity of joint manifestations among bevacizumab treated patients as well as their relation to clinical outcomes. Methods Medical charts of all ovarian cancer patients that received bevacizumab from 2012 through 2017 were reviewed. Joint manifestations were staged. Kaplan-Meier Survival curves were generated; survival differences were estimated. Results 76 Patients diagnosed with stage III or IV ovarian cancer were included. 23 patients (30.3%) developed joint manifestations, 12 of them had Grade I, 4 Grade II and 7 Grade III. Only 3 patients developed arthritis. In 8 cases (34.8%) one joint was affected and in the remaining 15, multiple sites. Median number of bevacizumab cycles to arthralgia development was 7. 3 patients were managed with corticosteroids or methotrexate, all had grade 3 AEs. The remaining received common analgesics. Median duration of the AE was 4.8 months. 7 patients discontinued bevacizumab due to AE. In all but 3 patients AE was finally resolved. Median number of bevacizumab cycles received, frequency of treatment completion or treatment discontinuation due to disease progression did not differ significantly among patients that developed joint manifestations or not. Median PFS and median OS did not differ statistical significantly. Conclusion Joint manifestations are common AEs in bevacizumab treated ovarian cancer patients and led to treatment discontinuation in 9% of the patients. However, this has not adversely affected the clinical outcome of the patients. Further research is needed for the appropriate management of these patients.
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Hasanzadeh F, Ghafouri H, Ahmadi S, Zarei S, Aghamaali MR, Mohammadi A. Inhibition of NF-кB Expression in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells by a Thiazolidinone Derivative (TZDOCH 2CH 3). AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, various derivatives of thiazolidinone in a variety of cell lines have been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and inhibitory effects of a thiazolidinone derivative called 5-(2,4-bis-4-ethoxy-phenyl azo)-3-hydroxy-benzylidine)-2,4-thiazolidinone (TZD-OCH2CH3) on the expression of NF-кB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Different concentrations of the MTT assay(0-120 μg/mL) were performed to estimate the biological rate of the cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TZD-OCH2CH3-treated RAW264.7 cells was found to be 115 μg/mL. To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compound on the expression changes of NF-кB, the RAW264.7cells were initially induced with LPS and then treated by 15, 30 and 60 μg/mL of TZD-OCH2CH3. Realtime PCR results confirmed a strong inhibitory effect of TZD-OCH2CH3 on the expression of NF-кB inLPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). Overall, these findings suggested that the derivative TZDOCH2CH3 had a significant anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Hasanzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Salman Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sevda Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Yan M, Dhanasekaran P, Isidoro C, Song YS, Dhanasekaran DN. Identification of GNA12-driven gene signatures and key signaling networks in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:719. [PMID: 34429759 PMCID: PMC8371953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the focus on defining the oncogenic network stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in ovarian cancer, the present study sought to interrogate the oncotranscriptome regulated by the LPA-mediated signaling pathway. LPA, LPA-receptor (LPAR) and LPAR-activated G protein 12 α-subunit, encoded by G protein subunit α 12 (GNA12), all serve an important role in ovarian cancer progression. While the general signaling mechanism regulated by LPA/LPAR/GNA12 has previously been characterized, the global transcriptomic network regulated by GNA12 in ovarian cancer pathophysiology remains largely unknown. To define the LPA/LPAR/GNA12-orchestrated oncogenic networks in ovarian cancer, transcriptomic and bioinformatical analyses were conducted using SKOV3 cells, in which the expression of GNA12 was silenced. Array analysis was performed in Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Comparative Genomic Hybridization 8×60 microarray platform. The array results were validated using Kuramochi cells. Gene and functional enrichment analyses were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape algorithms. The results indicated a paradigm in which GNA12 drove ovarian cancer progression by upregulating a pro-tumorigenic network with AKT1, VEGFA, TGFB1, BCL2L1, STAT3, insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone releasing hormone as critical hub and/or bottleneck nodes. Moreover, GNA12 downregulated a growth-suppressive network involving proteasome 20S subunit (PSM) β6, PSM α6, PSM ATPase 5, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 E1, PSM non-ATPase 10, NDUFA4 mitochondrial complex-associated, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 and anaphase promoting complex subunit 1 as hub or bottleneck nodes. In addition to providing novel insights into the LPA/LPAR/GNA12-regulated oncogenic networks in ovarian cancer, the present study identified several potential nodes in this network that could be assessed for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Ha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mingda Yan
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Padmaja Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, I-17-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Yong-Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
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Efficacy and safety of tivozanib in recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, an NCCN phase II trial. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:57-63. [PMID: 34419285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tivozanib is a potent selective pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a long half-life. This study assessed its activity in patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer (OC). METHODS This open-label phase II study used a Simon's two-stage design. Eligible patients had recurrent, platinum-resistant OC and measurable or detectable disease. There was no limit on the number of prior regimens. Treatment consisted of tivozanib 1.5 mg orally once daily for 21 days in a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity assessment. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were enrolled, and 30 were treated. The median age was 59.5 years, and median number of prior regimens was 4 (range 1-9). Twenty-four patients were evaluable for response, and four (16.7%) achieved a partial response (PR; ORR = 16.7%). An additional fourteen (58.3%) patients had stable disease (SD). The clinical benefit rate (PR + SD) was 75.0%, and the median duration of objective response was 5.7 months. For all patients on trial, the median PFS was 4.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-5.8) and OS 8.6 months (95% CI: 5.4-12.5). There were no treatment-related deaths. Serious adverse events occurred in 13.3% of patients and included small intestinal perforation or obstruction and stroke. Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 60% of patients, including hypertension (26.7%) and fatigue (10%). CONCLUSIONS Tivozanib is effective in patients with recurrent OC, with moderate toxicity and no treatment-related deaths, supporting its further development.
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Frontline Maintenance Treatment for Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:97. [PMID: 34125335 PMCID: PMC8203502 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Most patients with advanced disease will relapse within 3 years after primary treatment with surgery and chemotherapy. Recurrences become increasing difficult to treat due to the emergence of drug resistance and 5-year survival has changed little over the last decade. Maintenance treatment, here defined as treatment given beyond primary chemotherapy, can both consolidate the response and prolong the control of disease which is an approach to improve survival. Recent Findings Here we review maintenance strategies such as targeting angiogenesis, interference of DNA repair through inhibition of PARP, combinations of targeting agents, and immunotherapy and hormonal therapy. Summary Much has been learnt from the success and challenges of these treatments that have in the last few years which led to significant reduction in disease recurrence, changed the guidelines for treatment, and established a new paradigm for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Fahmi MN, Pradjatmo H, Astuti I, Nindrea RD. Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:315-323. [PMID: 33639643 PMCID: PMC8190346 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The value of cytokines as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognostic factors has been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the role of single cytokine as a biomarker prognosis in EOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting cytokine as the prognostic predictor in EOC based on PRISMA guideline. We included English articles investigating associations of preoperative cytokines level in tissue, blood or ascites with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) from PUBMED and EBSCO. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Fifty studies investigating twenty types of cytokines in tumor tissue, serum, and ascites from 5,376 patients were included. Pre-operative high VEGF level was associated with poor OS (HR 2.28, 95%CI [1.28, 3.28]) and DFS (HR 2.13, 95%CI [1.63, 2.78]) in serum and OS (HR 1.80, 95%CI [1.45, 2.23]) in tissue. IL-6 level in blood was associated with DFS (HR 1.60, 95%CI [1.21, 2.11]). There was no single cytokine which investigated by at least 2 studies reporting hazard ratio in ascites, so we did not conduct the meta-analysis. Other cytokines (serum IL-8; ascites fluid IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α; and ovarian tissue TGF-α, CSF-1, IL-10 ,TGF-β1, IL-17) associated with the poorer prognosis, could not be pooled due to lack of studies. CONCLUSION Pre-operative VEGF level in serum and tissue specimen seem to be the potential candidate of an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for EOC. The evidence was lacking to support the other cytokines investigated in blood, tissue and ascites as prognostic biomarkers for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Nailul Fahmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heru Pradjatmo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indwiani Astuti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ricvan Dana Nindrea
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
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Kandalaft LE, Odunsi K, Coukos G. Immune Therapy Opportunities in Ovarian Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 40:1-13. [PMID: 32412818 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, PARP inhibitors (PARPis), neoantigen vaccines, and personalized T-cell therapy have been associated with encouraging clinical activity in a small subset of patients. To increase the proportion of patients who are likely to derive benefit, it will be important not only to generate sufficient numbers of antitumor T cells but also to overcome multiple inhibitory networks in the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, a major direction is to develop biomarkers that would predict responsiveness to different types of immunotherapies and allow treatment selection based on the results. Moreover, such biomarkers would allow rational combination of immunotherapies while minimizing toxicities. In this review, we provide progress on immune therapies and future directions for maximally exploiting immune-based strategies for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Maleki P, Sheida SV, Mowla SJ, Soleimani V, Taheri M, Raheb J. LINK-A long non-coding RNA and VEGF RNA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Hum Antibodies 2020; 28:227-232. [PMID: 32333582 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
LINK-A (long intergenic non-coding RNA for kinase activation) is a newly identified long non-coding RNA with oncogenic function, which leads to the hyperactivation of AKT and HIF1α. thereby, fosters cell proliferation, mobility and metastasis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), a well-known cytokine has an important role in angiogenesis. In this study, we quantified RNA expression of LINK-A and VEGF on 45 tumor specimens obtained from Iranian patients diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Our goal was to evaluate expression of LINK-A lncRNA and VEGF mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues and find the probable correlation of LINK-A with VEGF as a major transcription target for HIF1α. LINK-A and VEGF were remarkably overexpressed in EOC tissues compared to normal tissues (P value: 0.004, 0.0001, respectively), but we did not find correlation between LINK-A and VEGF RNA expressions in this study. LINK-A was significantly overexpressed in higher stages of cancer and tumor grades. VEGF was only significantly elevated in higher stages. This study confirms importance of novel lncRNA of LINK-A in Iranian EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Maleki
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Valeh Sheida
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- Pathology Department, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Raheb
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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15
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de Muynck LDAN, Gaarenstroom KN, Sier CFM, van Duijvenvoorde M, Bosse T, Mieog JSD, de Kroon CD, Vahrmeijer AL, Peters ITA. Novel Molecular Targets for Tumor-Specific Imaging of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061562. [PMID: 32545676 PMCID: PMC7352913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the strongest prognostic factor is the completeness of surgery. Intraoperative molecular imaging that targets cell-surface proteins on tumor cells may guide surgeons to detect metastases otherwise not visible to the naked eye. Previously, we identified 29% more metastatic lesions during cytoreductive surgery using OTL-38, a fluorescent tracer targeting folate receptor-α (FRα). Unfortunately, eleven out of thirteen fluorescent lymph nodes were tumor negative. The current study evaluates the suitability of five biomarkers (EGFR, VEGF-A, L1CAM, integrin αvβ6 and EpCAM) as alternative targets for molecular imaging of EOC metastases and included FRα as a reference. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of primary ovarian tumors, omental, peritoneal and lymph node metastases from 84 EOC patients. Tumor-negative tissue specimens from these patients were included as controls. EGFR, VEGF-A and L1CAM were highly expressed in tumor-negative tissue, whereas αvβ6 showed heterogeneous expression in metastases. The expression of EpCAM was most comparable to FRα in metastatic lesions and completely absent in the lymph nodes that were false-positively illuminated with OTL-38 in our previous study. Hence, EpCAM seems to be a promising novel target for intraoperative imaging and may contribute to a more reliable detection of true metastatic EOC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne D. A. N. de Muynck
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Katja N. Gaarenstroom
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Maurice van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - J. Sven D. Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Cornelis D. de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.D.A.N.d.M.); (C.F.M.S.); (J.S.D.M.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Inge T. A. Peters
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.N.G.); (M.v.D.); (C.D.d.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715262845
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16
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Jaiprasart P, Dogra S, Neelakantan D, Devapatla B, Woo S. Identification of signature genes associated with therapeutic resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Oncotarget 2020; 11:99-114. [PMID: 32002127 PMCID: PMC6967771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis is a validated clinical target in many cancers, but modest efficacy and rapid development of resistance are major challenges of VEGF-targeted therapies. To establish a molecular signature of this resistance in ovarian cancer, we developed preclinical tumor models of adaptive resistance to chronic anti-VEGF treatment. We performed RNA-seq analysis and reverse-phase protein array to compare changes in gene and protein expressions in stroma and cancer cells from resistant and responsive tumors. We identified a unique set of stromal-specific genes that were strongly correlated with resistance phenotypes against two different anti-VEGF treatments, and selected the apelin/APJ signaling pathway for further in vitro validation. Using various functional assays, we showed that activation of apelin/APJ signaling reduces the efficacy of a VEGF inhibitor in endothelial cells. In patients with ovarian cancer treated with bevacizumab, increased expression of apelin was associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival. These findings link signature gene expressions with anti-VEGF response, and may thus provide novel targetable mechanisms of clinical resistance to anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharavee Jaiprasart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samrita Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bharat Devapatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Gynecologic Cancers Research Program, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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17
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Crusz SM, Miller RE. Targeted therapies in gynaecological cancers. Histopathology 2019; 76:157-170. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowan E Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology St Bartholomew’s Hospital London UK
- Department of Medical Oncology University College London Hospital London UK
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18
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NGF-Enhanced Vasculogenic Properties of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Is Reduced by Inhibition of the COX-2/PGE 2 Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121970. [PMID: 31817839 PMCID: PMC6966471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal gynecological neoplasia characterized by extensive angiogenesis and overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF). Here, we investigated the mechanism by which NGF increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the vasculogenic potential of EOC cells, as well as the contribution of the cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) signaling axis to these events. EOC biopsies and ovarian cell lines were used to determine COX-2 and PGE2 levels, as well as those of the potentially pro-angiogenic proteins c-MYC (a member of the Myc transcription factors family), survivin, and β-catenin. We observed that COX-2 and survivin protein levels increased during EOC progression. In the EOC cell lines, NGF increased the COX-2 and PGE2 levels. In addition, NGF increased survivin, c-MYC, and VEGF protein levels, as well as the transcriptional activity of c-MYC and β-catenin/T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF-Lef) in a Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA)-dependent manner. Also, COX-2 inhibition prevented the NGF-induced increases in these proteins and reduced the angiogenic score of endothelial cells stimulated with conditioned media from EOC cells. In summary, we show here that the pro-angiogenic effect of NGF in EOC depends on the COX-2/PGE2 signaling axis. Thus, inhibition COX-2/PGE2 signaling will likely be beneficial in the treatment of EOC.
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19
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20
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Kandalaft LE, Odunsi K, Coukos G. Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Are We There Yet? J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2460-2471. [PMID: 31403857 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Madariaga A, Lheureux S, Oza AM. Tailoring Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Implications of BRCA1/2 Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E416. [PMID: 30909618 PMCID: PMC6468364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common epithelial ovarian cancer, harbouring more than 20% germline or somatic mutations in the tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are involved in both DNA damage repair process via homologous recombination (HR) and transcriptional regulation. BRCA mutation confers distinct characteristics, including an increased response to DNA-damaging agents, such us platinum chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, several mechanisms of resistance to these agents have been described, including increased HR capacity through reverse BRCA mutations, non-homologous end-joint (NHEJ) repair alterations and drug efflux pumps. Current treatments of ovarian cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted treatment and maintenance strategies, as well as resistance mechanisms will be reviewed, focusing on future trends with respect to BRCA mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Madariaga
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Amit M Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common epithelial ovarian cancer, harbouring more than 20% germline or somatic mutations in the tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are involved in both DNA damage repair process via homologous recombination (HR) and transcriptional regulation. BRCA mutation confers distinct characteristics, including an increased response to DNA-damaging agents, such us platinum chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, several mechanisms of resistance to these agents have been described, including increased HR capacity through reverse BRCA mutations, non-homologous end-joint (NHEJ) repair alterations and drug efflux pumps. Current treatments of ovarian cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted treatment and maintenance strategies, as well as resistance mechanisms will be reviewed, focusing on future trends with respect to BRCA mutation carriers.
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23
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Madariaga A, Lheureux S, Oza AM. Tailoring Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Implications of BRCA1/2 Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 30909618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030416]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common epithelial ovarian cancer, harbouring more than 20% germline or somatic mutations in the tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are involved in both DNA damage repair process via homologous recombination (HR) and transcriptional regulation. BRCA mutation confers distinct characteristics, including an increased response to DNA-damaging agents, such us platinum chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, several mechanisms of resistance to these agents have been described, including increased HR capacity through reverse BRCA mutations, non-homologous end-joint (NHEJ) repair alterations and drug efflux pumps. Current treatments of ovarian cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted treatment and maintenance strategies, as well as resistance mechanisms will be reviewed, focusing on future trends with respect to BRCA mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Madariaga
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Amit M Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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24
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González Martín A, Oza AM, Embleton AC, Pfisterer J, Ledermann JA, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kristensen G, Bertrand MA, Beale P, Cervantes A, Kent E, Kaplan RS, Parmar MKB, Scotto N, Perren TJ. Exploratory outcome analyses according to stage and/or residual disease in the ICON7 trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 152:53-60. [PMID: 30449719 PMCID: PMC6338677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the randomized phase 3 ICON7 trial (ISRCTN91273375), adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; primary endpoint) but not overall survival (OS; secondary endpoint) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. We explored treatment effect according to stage and extent of residual disease. METHODS Patients with stage IIB-IV or high-risk (grade 3/clear-cell) stage I-IIA ovarian cancer were randomized to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel either alone or with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks followed by single-agent bevacizumab for 12 further cycles (total duration 12 months). Post hoc exploratory analyses of subgroups defined by stage and extent of residual disease at diagnosis within the stage IIIB-IV population (European indication) was performed. RESULTS The PFS benefit from bevacizumab was seen consistently in all subgroups explored. The PFS hazard ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.99) in 411 patients with stage IIIB-IV ovarian cancer with no visible residuum and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69-0.95) in 749 patients with stage IIIB-IV disease and visible residuum. As in the ITT population, no OS difference was detected in any subgroup except the previously described 'high-risk' subgroup. Safety results in analyzed subgroups were consistent with the overall population. CONCLUSIONS Adding bevacizumab to front-line chemotherapy improves PFS irrespective of stage/residual disease. In patients with stage III with >1 cm residuum, stage IV or inoperable disease, this translates into an OS benefit. No OS benefit or detriment was seen in other subgroups explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Andrew C Embleton
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Jacobus Pfisterer
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Herzog-Friedrich-Str. 21, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Parvis Notre-Dame - Place Jean-Paul II, 75181 Paris CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Gunnar Kristensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Radiumhospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Monique A Bertrand
- Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, PO Box 5010, Stn B, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Philip Beale
- University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Level 6, Gloucester House, RPAH, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia and Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emma Kent
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Richard S Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Nana Scotto
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Building 1, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Timothy J Perren
- Leeds Institute for Cancer Medicine and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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25
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Zhou P, Xiong T, Chen J, Li F, Qi T, Yuan J. Clinical significance of melanoma cell adhesion molecule CD146 and VEGFA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2418-2424. [PMID: 30675307 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in females; however, its asymptomatic progression and the lack of an efficient screening strategy leads to late diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)146 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in epithelial ovarian cancer, and their clinical significance. A total of 52 ovarian samples were tested, of which 22 were from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 30 were from non-cancer patients. The relative gene expression of CD146 and VEGFA was quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels. The relative gene expression levels of CD146 and VEGFA in tumor tissues were significantly increased compared with the control (4.92±0.44 vs. 1.05±0.06 and 3.08±0.17 vs. 1.06±0.07, P<0.01). The protein expression levels of CD146 and VEGFA in tumor tissue were also significantly increased compared with the control (0.70±0.02 vs. 0.41±0.07 and 0.54±0.01 vs. 0.26±0.01, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the expression levels of CD146 and VEGFA genes (r=0.78) and between the two proteins (r=0.69). Dot density frequency analysis indicated that CD146 and VEGFA were specifically present in tumor tissues. In conclusion, CD146 and VEGFA are co-overexpressed in ovarian cancer; their potential as tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tingchuan Xiong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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26
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González Martín A, Oza AM, Embleton AC, Pfisterer J, Ledermann JA, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kristensen G, Bertrand MA, Beale P, Cervantes A, Kent E, Kaplan RS, Parmar MKB, Scotto N, Perren TJ. Exploratory outcome analyses according to stage and/or residual disease in the ICON7 trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [PMID: 30449719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.036] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the randomized phase 3 ICON7 trial (ISRCTN91273375), adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; primary endpoint) but not overall survival (OS; secondary endpoint) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. We explored treatment effect according to stage and extent of residual disease. METHODS Patients with stage IIB-IV or high-risk (grade 3/clear-cell) stage I-IIA ovarian cancer were randomized to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel either alone or with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks followed by single-agent bevacizumab for 12 further cycles (total duration 12 months). Post hoc exploratory analyses of subgroups defined by stage and extent of residual disease at diagnosis within the stage IIIB-IV population (European indication) was performed. RESULTS The PFS benefit from bevacizumab was seen consistently in all subgroups explored. The PFS hazard ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.99) in 411 patients with stage IIIB-IV ovarian cancer with no visible residuum and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69-0.95) in 749 patients with stage IIIB-IV disease and visible residuum. As in the ITT population, no OS difference was detected in any subgroup except the previously described 'high-risk' subgroup. Safety results in analyzed subgroups were consistent with the overall population. CONCLUSIONS Adding bevacizumab to front-line chemotherapy improves PFS irrespective of stage/residual disease. In patients with stage III with >1 cm residuum, stage IV or inoperable disease, this translates into an OS benefit. No OS benefit or detriment was seen in other subgroups explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Andrew C Embleton
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Jacobus Pfisterer
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Herzog-Friedrich-Str. 21, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Parvis Notre-Dame - Place Jean-Paul II, 75181 Paris CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Gunnar Kristensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Radiumhospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Monique A Bertrand
- Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, PO Box 5010, Stn B, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Philip Beale
- University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Level 6, Gloucester House, RPAH, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia and Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emma Kent
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Richard S Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Nana Scotto
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Building 1, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Timothy J Perren
- Leeds Institute for Cancer Medicine and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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González Martín A, Oza AM, Embleton AC, Pfisterer J, Ledermann JA, Pujade-Lauraine E, Kristensen G, Bertrand MA, Beale P, Cervantes A, Kent E, Kaplan RS, Parmar MKB, Scotto N, Perren TJ. Exploratory outcome analyses according to stage and/or residual disease in the ICON7 trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [PMID: 30449719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.036]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the randomized phase 3 ICON7 trial (ISRCTN91273375), adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; primary endpoint) but not overall survival (OS; secondary endpoint) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. We explored treatment effect according to stage and extent of residual disease. METHODS Patients with stage IIB-IV or high-risk (grade 3/clear-cell) stage I-IIA ovarian cancer were randomized to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel either alone or with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks followed by single-agent bevacizumab for 12 further cycles (total duration 12 months). Post hoc exploratory analyses of subgroups defined by stage and extent of residual disease at diagnosis within the stage IIIB-IV population (European indication) was performed. RESULTS The PFS benefit from bevacizumab was seen consistently in all subgroups explored. The PFS hazard ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.99) in 411 patients with stage IIIB-IV ovarian cancer with no visible residuum and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69-0.95) in 749 patients with stage IIIB-IV disease and visible residuum. As in the ITT population, no OS difference was detected in any subgroup except the previously described 'high-risk' subgroup. Safety results in analyzed subgroups were consistent with the overall population. CONCLUSIONS Adding bevacizumab to front-line chemotherapy improves PFS irrespective of stage/residual disease. In patients with stage III with >1 cm residuum, stage IV or inoperable disease, this translates into an OS benefit. No OS benefit or detriment was seen in other subgroups explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Andrew C Embleton
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Jacobus Pfisterer
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Herzog-Friedrich-Str. 21, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, Parvis Notre-Dame - Place Jean-Paul II, 75181 Paris CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Gunnar Kristensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Radiumhospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Monique A Bertrand
- Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, PO Box 5010, Stn B, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Philip Beale
- University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Level 6, Gloucester House, RPAH, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia and Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emma Kent
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Richard S Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Nana Scotto
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Building 1, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Timothy J Perren
- Leeds Institute for Cancer Medicine and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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Nwani NG, Sima LE, Nieves-Neira W, Matei D. Targeting the Microenvironment in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E266. [PMID: 30103384 PMCID: PMC6115937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer⁻stroma interactions play a key role in cancer progression and response to standard chemotherapy. Here, we provide a summary of the mechanisms by which the major cellular components of the ovarian cancer (OC) tumor microenvironment (TME) including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid, immune, endothelial, and mesothelial cells potentiate cancer progression. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic signature. This profile is correlated with clinical outcomes and can be a target for therapy. Accumulation of malignant ascites in the peritoneal cavity allows for secreted factors to fuel paracrine and autocrine circuits that augment cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Adhesion of cancer cells to the mesothelial matrix promotes peritoneal tumor dissemination and represents another attractive target to prevent metastasis. The immunosuppressed tumor milieu of HGSOC is permissive for tumor growth and can be modulated therapeutically. Results of emerging preclinical and clinical trials testing TME-modulating therapeutics for the treatment of OC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechiyere G Nwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Livia E Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Wilberto Nieves-Neira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Mahalaxmi I, Santhy K. Role and hallmarks of Sp1 in promoting ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jons.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Kuerti S, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Milde-Langosch K, Schmalfeldt B, Legler K, Woelber L, Prieske K, Mahner S, Trillsch F. VEGF-C expression attributes the risk for lymphatic metastases to ovarian cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43218-43227. [PMID: 28591727 PMCID: PMC5522140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal dissemination and retroperitoneal lymph node involvement are main routes for progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated angiogenesis has been identified as an important mechanism promoting tumour progression. Methods Tumour tissue of 100 patients with EOC was analysed for protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, -C, -D by Western Blot analysis. Expression patterns in patients with ‘extensive intraperitoneal’ metastases (pT3c pN1 and pT3b-pT3c pN0, n=80) were compared to patients with ‘predominantly retroperitoneal’ metastases (pT1a-pT3b, pN1, n=20). Overall and progression-free survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results While no significant differences in expression levels among the different modes of metastases were noted for VEGF-A and -D, VEGF-C expression was significantly higher in the group of predominantly retroperitoneal metastases compared to the group with extensive intraperitoneal metastases. Patients with high VEGF-C expression had a significantly worse overall survival compared to patients with low expression levels. Conclusions Retroperitoneal tumour progression in EOC patients is associated with high VEGF-C expression. VEGF-C may serve as a molecular marker to identify patients with assumed high risk for lymphatic metastases, who might benefit from specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kuerti
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Karen Legler
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Linn Woelber
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
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Ballestero Fêo H, Montoya Flórez L, Yamatogi RS, Prado Duzanski A, Araújo JP, Oliveira RA, Rocha NS. Does the tumour microenvironment alter tumorigenesis and clinical response in transmissible venereal tumour in dogs? Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:370-378. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ballestero Fêo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - L. Montoya Flórez
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Universidad de Caldas; Manizales Colombia
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Boyacá Colombia
| | - R. S. Yamatogi
- Department of Veterinary; Federal University of Viçosa; Viçosa Brazil
| | - A. Prado Duzanski
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - J. P. Araújo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - R. A. Oliveira
- Department of Biostatistics, Biosciences Institute - IB; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - N. S. Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
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Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26042-56. [PMID: 27028996 PMCID: PMC5041963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer patients relapse after surgical resection. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of surgery in disseminating cancer cells; in particular anaesthesia may have an impact on cancer re-occurrence. Here, we have investigated the metastatic potential of volatile anaesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on ovarian cancer cells. Human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were exposed to isoflurane (2%), sevoflurane (3.6%) or desflurane (10.3%) for 2 hours. Metastatic related gene expression profiles were measured using the Tumour Metastasis PCR Array and qRT-PCR. Subsequently vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) proteins expression were determined using immunofluorescent staining. The migratory capacities of SK-OV3 cells were assessed with a scratch assay and the potential role of CXCR2 in mediating the effects of volatile anaesthetics on cancer cell biology were further investigated with CXCR2 knockdown by siRNA. All three volatile anaesthetics altered expression of 70 out of 81 metastasic related genes with significant increases in VEGF-A, MMP-11, CXCR2 and TGF-β genes and protein expression with a magnitude order of desflurane (greatest), sevoflurane and isoflurane. Scratch analysis revealed that exposure to these anesthetics increased migration, which was abolished by CXCR2 knockdown. Volatile anaesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations have strong effects on cancer cell biology which in turn could enhance ovarian cancer metastatic potential. This work raises the urgency for further in vivo studies and clinical trials before any conclusions can be made in term of the alteration of clinical practice.
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Aguilar-Company J, Fernández-Ruiz M, García-Campelo R, Garrido-Castro AC, Ruiz-Camps I. ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Cell surface receptors and associated signaling pathways). Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24 Suppl 2:S41-S52. [PMID: 29426804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present review is part of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) consensus document on the safety of targeted and biologic therapies. AIMS To review, from an infectious diseases perspective, the safety profile of therapies targeting cell surface receptors and associated signaling pathways among cancer patients and to suggest preventive recommendations. SOURCES Computer-based Medline searches with MeSH terms pertaining to each agent or therapeutic family. CONTENT Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted agents (bevacizumab and aflibercept) are associated with a meaningful increase in the risk of infection, likely due to drug-induced neutropaenia, although no clear benefit is expected from the universal use of anti-infective prophylaxis. VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e. sorafenib or sunitinib) do not seem to significantly affect host's susceptibility to infection, and universal anti-infective prophylaxis is not recommended either. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab) induce neutropaenia and secondary skin and soft tissue infection in cases of severe papulopustular rash. Systemic antibiotics (doxycycline or minocycline) should be administered to prevent the latter complication, whereas no recommendation can be established on the benefit from antiviral, antifungal or anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis. A lower risk of infection is reported for anti-ErbB2/HER2 monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) and ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (including dual-EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitors such as lapatinib or neratinib) compared to conventional chemotherapy, presumably as a result of the decreased occurrence of drug-induced neutropaenia. IMPLICATIONS With the exception of VEGF-targeted agents, the overall risk of infection associated with the reviewed therapies seems to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aguilar-Company
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Oncology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario '12 de Octubre', Instituto de Investigación Hospital '12 de Octubre' (i + 12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-Campelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Ruiz-Camps
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang HC, Liu J, Baglo Y, Rizvi I, Anbil S, Pigula M, Hasan T. Mechanism-informed Repurposing of Minocycline Overcomes Resistance to Topoisomerase Inhibition for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:508-520. [PMID: 29167313 PMCID: PMC5805648 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism-inspired drug repurposing that augments standard treatments offers a cost-effective and rapid route toward addressing the burgeoning problem of plateauing of effective therapeutics for drug-resistant micrometastases. We show that the antibiotic minocycline, by its ability to minimize DNA repair via reduced expression of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase-1 (Tdp1), removes a key process attenuating the efficacy of irinotecan, a frequently used chemotherapeutic against metastatic disease. Moreover, minocycline and irinotecan cooperatively mitigate each other's undesired cytokine inductions of VEGF and IL8, respectively, thereby reinforcing the benefits of each modality. These mechanistic interactions result in synergistic enhancement of irinotecan-induced platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer cell death, reduced micrometastases in the omenta and mesentery by >75%, and an extended overall survival by 50% in a late-stage peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model. Economic incentives and easy translatability make the repurposing of minocycline as a reinforcer of the topoisomerase class of chemotherapeutics extremely valuable and merits further investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 508-20. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chiao Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Baglo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- The University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Pigula
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Misawa Y, Misawa K, Kawasaki H, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Ishikawa R, Endo S, Mima M, Kanazawa T, Iwashita T, Mineta H. Evaluation of epigenetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317711657. [PMID: 28718364 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the methylation status of the genes encoding the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and to evaluate the usefulness of VEGFR methylation as a prognostic indicator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. VEGFR messenger RNA expression and promoter methylation were examined in a panel of cell lines via quantitative reverse transcription and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Promoter methylation was compared with clinical characteristics in 128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples. The normalized methylation values for the VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 promoters tended to be higher in the tumour cell lines than in normal tonsil samples, whereas amounts of VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 messenger RNA were significantly higher. Methylation of the VEGFR1 promoter (p = 0.003; 66/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 52%) and VEGFR3 promoter (p = 0.043; 53/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 41%) significantly correlated with recurrence, whereas methylation of the VEGFR2 promoter significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.046; 47/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 37%). Concurrent methylation of the VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 promoters significantly correlated with reduced disease-free survival (log-rank test, p = 0.009). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, methylation of the VEGFR1, VEGFR3 and both the VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 promoters independently predicted recurrence (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 3.19, 1.51-6.75 (p = 0.002); 2.24, 1.06-4.76 (p = 0.035); and 2.56, 1.09-6.05 (p = 0.032), respectively). Methylation of the VEGFR promoters predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Misawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- 2 Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kanazawa
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- 2 Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Zonta YR, Martinez M, Camargo ICC, Domeniconi RF, Lupi Júnior LA, Pinheiro PFF, Reiter RJ, Martinez FE, Chuffa LGA. Melatonin Reduces Angiogenesis in Serous Papillary Ovarian Carcinoma of Ethanol-Preferring Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040763. [PMID: 28398226 PMCID: PMC5412347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of ovarian cancer (OC); the ingrowth of blood vessels promotes rapid cell growth and the associated metastasis. Melatonin is a well-characterized indoleamine that possesses important anti-angiogenic properties in a set of aggressive solid tumors. Herein, we evaluated the role of melatonin therapy on the angiogenic signaling pathway in OC of an ethanol-preferring rat model that mimics the same pathophysiological conditions occurring in women. OC was chemically induced with a single injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) under the ovarian bursa. After the rats developed serous papillary OC, half of the animals received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (200 µg/100 g body weight/day) for 60 days. Melatonin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in OC size and microvessel density. Serum levels of melatonin were higher following therapy, and the expression of its receptor MT1 was significantly increased in OC-bearing rats, regardless of ethanol intake. TGFβ1, a transforming growth factor-beta1, was reduced only after melatonin treatment. Importantly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was severely reduced after melatonin therapy in animals given or not given ethanol. Conversely, the levels of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) was diminished after ethanol consumption, regardless of melatonin therapy, and VEGFR2 was only reduced following melatonin. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was augmented with ethanol consumption, and, notably, melatonin significantly reduced their levels. Collectively, our results suggest that melatonin attenuates angiogenesis in OC in an animal model of ethanol consumption; this provides a possible complementary therapeutic opportunity for concurrent OC chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology
- Animals
- Antioxidants/administration & dosage
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/blood supply
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/blood supply
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Female
- Food Preferences
- Immunohistochemistry
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Melatonin/administration & dosage
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Ovarian Neoplasms/blood supply
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Ricci Zonta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos-SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Cristina C Camargo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis-SP 19806-900, Brazil.
| | - Raquel F Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi Júnior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Fernanda F Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Gustavo A Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-970, Brazil.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor expression correlates with serum CA125 and represents a useful tool in prediction of refractoriness to platinum-based chemotherapy and ascites formation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28491-501. [PMID: 26143638 PMCID: PMC4695074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the identification of novel biological markers and potential therapeutic targets in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Given the critical role of growth factors in the biology of EOC, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the intratumoral expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) proteins and their clinical relevance in a cohort of 100 patients with EOC. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery. A comparative immunohistochemical study of normal ovarian and EOC tissues showed that both growth factors were expressed at higher levels in tumor samples. In our statistical analysis, while no association existed between the FGF expression status and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, intratumoral VEGF was identified as a potential biomarker for the prediction of ascites formation. In addition, the expression status of VEGF appeared to independently predict overall survival and response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, a direct association was demonstrated between the pre-treatment VEGF expression and serum CA125 after three cycles of chemotherapy. In sum, we report for the first time to our knowledge the correlation between intratumoral VEGF and serum CA125 in EOC. Our data also shows the prognostic value of VEGF expression in EOC. These results suggest the potential value of intratumoral VEGF in patient stratification. Dual inhibition of VEGF and CA125 might bring about a better outcome for patients with EOC.
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Liu H, Zhang G, Huang J, Ma S, Mi K, Cheng J, Zhu Y, Zha X, Huang W. Atractylenolide I modulates ovarian cancer cell-mediated immunosuppression by blocking MD-2/TLR4 complex-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling in vitro. J Transl Med 2016; 14:104. [PMID: 27118139 PMCID: PMC4847224 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLR4/MD-2 complex-mediated MyD88-dependent activation of NF-κB and Akt promotes tumor-associated immunosuppression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) via induction of immunesuppressive cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Atractylenolide I (AO-1) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone known to change the conformational ensemble of human MD-2 on EOC cells. This study examined the modulation by AO-1 of TLR4/MD-2 complex-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling. METHODS The expression and activation of NF-κB, Akt and IDO1 by MyD88(+) EOC SKOV3 cells was determined using western blot; the TLR4/MD-2 complex on SKOV3 cells and the phenotype of T lymphocytes were determined using flow cytometry; IDO activity was evaluated by measuring L-kynurenine; Immunesuppressive cytokines were detected using ELISA; T-cell proliferation to mitogen stimulation was assessed by MTT assay; the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and NK cells was measured using LDH-cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS AO-1 could down-regulate expression of TLR4/MD-2 complex, resulting in downregulation of MyD88/NF-κB signaling and activation of NF-κB, Akt and IDO1 and secretion of IL-6, TGF-β1, VEGF and IL-17A by EOC SKOV3 cells, and further reduce increased levels of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and improve decreased proliferative response and antitumor cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes exposed to EOC SKOV3 cell supernatant. CONCLUSION AO-1 may reverse EOC cell-mediated immunosuppression through blocking TLR4/MD-2 complex-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiqi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Zha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, No.55, Section 4 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3 of South People's Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kim JY, Hwang J, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Jelinek J, Jeong H, Lim JS, Kim JM, Song KS, Kim BH, Lee S, Kim J. Decreased efficacy of drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway by the epigenetic silencing of FLT1 in renal cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:99. [PMID: 26380584 PMCID: PMC4572656 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling pathway is involved in cancer-related biological functions and is a therapeutic target in cancer. However, the influence of epigenetic regulation of VEGF-VEGFR signaling-related genes remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of FLT1 and KDR promoter hypermethylation combined with drugs targeting VEGF-VEGFR signaling on cancer-related phenotypes in renal cancer cells (RCCs) and examined changes in FLT1 and KDR promoter hypermethylation in tissues from patients with renal cancer. RESULTS In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of beavacizumab (an anti-VEGF antibody), an anti-FLT1 peptide, an anti-KDR antibody, and the VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib and axitinib in 13 RCC lines with different levels of FLT1 and/or KDR promoter methylation and in 2 FLT1 or KDR in vitro knockdown models. The synergistic effects of sunitinib and axitinib treatment were also evaluated in four RCC lines having different levels of FLT1 and/or KDR methylation. In our in vitro experiments, bevacizumab and an anti-KDR antibody did not affect the proliferation of RCCs having FLT1 and/or KDR hypermethylation. In contrast, in RCCs with FLT1 hypermethylation, proliferation inhibition was counteracted by treatment with an anti-FLT1 peptide and both VEGF-TKIs (sunitinib and axitinib). Demethylation with sunitinib or axitinib synergistically increased proliferation inhibition in the RCCs exhibiting FLT1 hypermethylation. Using in vitro FLT1 or KDR knockdown models, decreased proliferation inhibition following anti-FLT1 peptide, sunitinib, and axitinib treatment was observed only in FLT1-knockdown cells. In patients with renal cancer who received sunitinib, FLT1 promoter methylation was higher in renal cancer tissues from eight nonresponders (stable or progressive disease assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) than in cancer tissues from five responders (complete response or partial response). CONCLUSIONS The present data showed that hypermethylated FLT1 was important for the efficacy of anti-VEGF/VEGFR drugs targeting FLT1 or intracellular VEGFR signaling. FLT1 hypermethylation causing alterations of FLT1 function could serve as a useful biomarker for predicting changes in FLT1 status in RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Kim
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junha Hwang
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Department of Information and Statistics, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hyeseon Jeong
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Urology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sukhoon Lee
- Department of Information and Statistics, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jei Kim
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Hospital and School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea ; Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Moonhwa-ro, Joong-gu Daejeon, 301-721, South Korea
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Ranjbar R, Nejatollahi F, Nedaei Ahmadi AS, Hafezi H, Safaie A. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Patients With Serous Ovarian Carcinoma and Their Clinical Significance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e3428. [PMID: 26478789 PMCID: PMC4606373 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an essential role in tumor metastasis by inducing the construction of abnormal blood vessels. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in different parts of cancer growth such as tumor initiation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of VEGF and EGFR in ovarian cancer in southern Iran and to assess the correlation between expression of these two markers and patients’ age, tumor stage, and grade. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 paraffin blocks of serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and 50 paraffin-embedded specimens from control individuals operated for reasons other than malignancy were immunohistochemically stained using anti-human VEGF and EGFR antibodies. Results: A significant difference in the frequency of positive expression of VEGF was observed in ovarian cancer patients (25.0%) compared with the control group (8.0%) (P = 0.023). A significant difference between EGFR expression in patients (56.8%) and controls (24.0%) was also obtained (P = 0.001). No significant correlation between VEGF and EGFR expression and patients’ age, tumor grade and stage were detected (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The significant increase in both VEGF and EGFR in the patients with ovarian cancer compared to healthy individuals could have prognostic value. Identifying these markers may be useful for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies for patients with serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran ; Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Sina Nedaei Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Hafezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Akbar Safaie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Ovarian cancer microenvironment: implications for cancer dissemination and chemoresistance acquisition. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:17-39. [PMID: 24357056 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian adenocarcinoma is characterized by a late detection, dissemination of cancer cells into the whole peritoneum, and the frequent acquisition of chemoresistance. If these particularities can be explained in part by intrinsic properties of ovarian cancer cells, an increased number of studies show the importance of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression. Ovarian cancer cells can regulate the composition of their stroma in promoting the formation of ascitic fluid, rich in cytokines and bioactive lipids, and in stimulating the differentiation of stromal cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In return, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated macrophages, or other peritoneal cells, such as adipocytes and mesothelial cells can regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the roles of stromal cells and the associated secreted factors on tumor progression. We also summarize the different studies showing that targeting the microenvironment represents a great potential for improving the prognosis of patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Kim JI, Choi KU, Lee IS, Choi YJ, Kim WT, Shin DH, Kim K, Lee JH, Kim JY, Sol MY. Expression of hypoxic markers and their prognostic significance in soft tissue sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1699-1706. [PMID: 25789026 PMCID: PMC4356356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is significant in promoting tumor progression and resistance to therapy, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is essential in the adaptive response of cells to hypoxia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of hypoxic markers and evaluate their prognostic significance in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A retrospective analysis of 55 patients with STS from Pusan National University Hospital (Busan, Korea) between 1998 and 2007 was conducted, using immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of HIF-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The association between the overexpression of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics, including the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in cases of STS, were investigated. Overexpression of HIF-1α, CA9, GLUT1 and VEGF was shown in 54.5, 32.7, 52.7 and 25.5% of tumors, respectively, and all exhibited a significant association with high French Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) grade and high American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Overexpression of HIF-1α and CA9 was associated with a shorter OS and a shorter PFS. On multivariate analysis, AJCC stage and HIF-1α overexpression had independent prognostic significance. In the group receiving chemotherapy (n=27), HIF-1α overexpression was independently associated with a decreased OS. These results indicate that overexpression of HIF-1α and CA9 is associated with poor prognosis, and that HIF-1α overexpression is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Il Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea ; Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea ; Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tack Kim
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungbin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Sol
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
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Secord AA, Nixon AB, Hurwitz HI. The search for biomarkers to direct antiangiogenic treatment in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:349-58. [PMID: 25178997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic agents have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in women with primary and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Biomarkers that predict outcomes in patients treated with antiangiogenic agents are being investigated to rationally direct therapy for women most likely to benefit from these agents. Among the most promising plasma-based biomarkers are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and VEGF receptor-2. While these biomarkers have been correlated with prognosis, they have not been shown to predict benefit, specifically from anti-VEGF therapy, highlighting the need for alternative biomarkers, including molecular and clinical factors, which may be predictive of outcome in women with ovarian cancer treated with antiangiogenic agents. Biomarkers are currently being investigated as secondary outcomes in several ongoing phase II and phase III clinical trials of antiangiogenic agents in patients with EOC. Molecular techniques, such as microarray analyses, and imaging techniques, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography, are also being explored in this field. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current biomarker research, with an emphasis on angiogenic biomarkers associated with EOC.
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Genome-wide modulation of gene transcription in ovarian carcinoma cells by a new mithramycin analogue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104687. [PMID: 25110883 PMCID: PMC4128730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to some cytotoxic drugs, raising the interest in new DNA-binding agents such as mithramycin analogues as potential chemotherapeutic agents in gynecological cancer. Using a genome-wide approach, we have analyzed gene expression in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells treated with the novel mithramycin analogue DIG-MSK (demycarosyl-3D-β-D-digitoxosyl-mithramycin SK) that binds to C+G-rich DNA sequences. Nanomolar concentrations of DIG-MSK abrogated the expression of genes involved in a variety of cell processes including transcription regulation and tumor development, which resulted in cell death. Some of those genes have been associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Sp1 transcription factor regulated most of the genes that were down-regulated by the drug, as well as the up-regulation of other genes mainly involved in response to cell stress. The effect of DIG-MSK in the control of gene expression by other transcription factors was also explored. Some of them, such as CREB, E2F and EGR1, also recognize C/G-rich regions in gene promoters, which encompass potential DIG-MSK binding sites. DIG-MSK affected several biological processes and molecular functions related to transcription and its cellular regulation in A2780 cells, including transcription factor activity. This new compound might be a promising drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Mancikova V, Inglada-Pérez L, Curras-Freixes M, de Cubas AA, Gómez Á, Letón R, Kersten I, Leandro-García LJ, Comino-Méndez I, Apellaniz-Ruiz M, Sánchez L, Cascón A, Sastre-Marcos J, García JF, Rodríguez-Antona C, Robledo M. VEGF, VEGFR3, and PDGFRB protein expression is influenced by RAS mutations in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2014; 24:1251-5. [PMID: 24754736 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have achieved remarkable clinical results in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients. However, the considerable variability in patient response to treatment with TKIs remains largely unexplained. There is evidence that it could be due, at least in part, to alterations in genes associated with the disease via their effect on the expression of TKI targets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of RAS mutations on the expression levels in MTC tumors of eight key TKI target proteins. METHODS We assessed by immunohistochemistry the expression of EGFR, KIT, MET, PDGFRB, VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 in a series of 84 primary MTC tumors that had previously been molecularly characterized, including 14 RAS-positive, 18 RET(M918T)-positive, and 24 RET(C634)-positive tumors, as well as 15 wild-type tumors with no mutations in the RET or RAS genes. RESULTS In contrast to RET-positive tumors, RAS-positive tumors expressed neither PDGFRB nor MET (p=0.0060 and 0.047, respectively). Similarly, fewer RAS-positive than RET-related tumors expressed VEGFR3 (p=0.00062). Finally, wild-type tumors expressed VEGF more often than both RAS- and RET-positive tumors (p=0.0082 and 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study identifying that the expression of TKI targets differs according to the presence of RAS mutations in MTC. This information could potentially be used to select the most beneficial TKI treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mancikova
- 1 Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , Madrid, Spain
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Burger RA, Brady MF, Bookman MA, Monk BJ, Walker JL, Homesley HD, Fowler J, Greer BE, Boente M, Fleming GF, Lim PC, Rubin SC, Katsumata N, Liang SX. Risk factors for GI adverse events in a phase III randomized trial of bevacizumab in first-line therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1210-7. [PMID: 24637999 PMCID: PMC3986384 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors for GI adverse events (AEs) within a phase III trial of bevacizumab in first-line ovarian cancer therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with previously untreated advanced disease after surgery were randomly allocated to six cycles of platinum-taxane chemotherapy plus placebo cycles (C)2 to C22 (R1); chemotherapy plus bevacizumab C2 to C6 plus placebo C7 to C22 (R2); or chemotherapy plus bevacizumab C2 to C22 (R3). Patients were evaluated for history or on-study development of potential risk factors for GI AEs defined as grade ≥ 2 perforation, fistula, necrosis, or hemorrhage. RESULTS Of 1,873 patients enrolled, 1,759 (94%) were evaluable, and 2.8% (50 of 1,759) experienced a GI AE: 10 of 587 (1.7%, R1), 20 of 587 (3.4%, R2), and 20 of 585 (3.4%, R3). Univariable analyses indicated that previous treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; P = .005) and small bowel resection (SBR; P = .032) or large bowel resection (LBR; P = .012) at primary surgery were significantly associated with a GI AE. The multivariable estimated relative odds of a GI AE were 13.4 (95% CI, 3.44 to 52.3; P < .001) for IBD; 2.05 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.88; P = .026) for LBR; 1.95 (95% CI, 0.894 to 4.25; P = .093) for SBR; and 2.15 for bevacizumab exposure (aggregated 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.40; P = .036). CONCLUSION History of treatment for IBD, and bowel resection at primary surgery, increase the odds of GI AEs in patients receiving first-line platinum-taxane chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. After accounting for these risk factors, concurrent bevacizumab doubles the odds of a GI AE, but is not appreciably increased by continuation beyond chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Burger
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Mark F. Brady
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Michael A. Bookman
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Bradley J. Monk
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Joan L. Walker
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Howard D. Homesley
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jeffrey Fowler
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Benjamin E. Greer
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Matthew Boente
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Peter C. Lim
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Stephen C. Rubin
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Noriyuki Katsumata
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Sharon X. Liang
- Robert A. Burger, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mark F. Brady, GOG Statistical and Data Center, Buffalo, NY; Michael A. Bookman, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; Bradley J. Monk, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Joan L. Walker, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Howard D. Homesley, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC; Jeffrey Fowler, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Benjamin E. Greer, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Matthew Boente, Minnesota Oncology Hematology, Minneapolis, MN; Gini F. Fleming, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Peter C. Lim, Center of Hope at Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV; Stephen C. Rubin, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Noriyuki Katsumata, Saitama Medical University/International Medical Center–GOG Japan, Saitama, Japan; and Sharon X. Liang, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
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Florinas S, Kim J, Nam K, Janát-Amsbury MM, Kim SW. Ultrasound-assisted siRNA delivery via arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer and microbubbles targeting VEGF for ovarian cancer treatment. J Control Release 2014; 183:1-8. [PMID: 24657947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The major drawback hampering siRNA therapies from being more widely accepted in clinical practice is its insufficient accumulation at the target site mainly due to poor cellular uptake and rapid degradation in serum. Therefore, we designed a novel polymeric siRNA carrier system, which would withstand serum-containing environments and tested its performance in vitro as well as in vivo. Delivering siRNA with a system combining an arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer (ABP), microbubbles (MBs), and ultrasound technology (US) we were able to synergize the advantages each delivery system owns individually, and created our innovative siRNA-ABP-MB (SAM) complexes. SAM complexes show significantly higher siRNA uptake and VEGF protein knockdown in vitro with serum-containing media when compared to naked siRNA, and 25k-branched-polyethylenimine (bPEI) representing the current standard in nonviral gene therapy. SAM complexes activated by US are also able to improve siRNA uptake in tumor tissue resulting in decelerating tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Florinas
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Margit M Janát-Amsbury
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery (CCCD), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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Ahluwalia A, Jones MK, Szabo S, Tarnawski AS. Aberrant, ectopic expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors 1 and 2 in malignant colonic epithelial cells. Implications for these cells growth via an autocrine mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:515-20. [PMID: 23831629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular endothelial growth factor A (referred to as VEGF) is implicated in colon cancer growth. Currently, the main accepted mechanism by which VEGF promotes colon cancer growth is via the stimulation of angiogenesis, which was originally postulated by late Judah Folkman. However, the cellular source of VEGF in colon cancer tissue; and, the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in colon cancer cells are not fully known and are subjects of controversy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined and quantified expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 in three different human colonic tissue arrays containing sections of adenocarcinoma (n=43) and normal mucosa (n = 41). In human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 and normal colon cell lines NCM356 and NCM460, we examined expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 mRNA and protein, VEGF production and secretion into the culture medium; and, the effect of a potent, selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors, AL-993, on cell proliferation. RESULTS Human colorectal cancer specimens had strong expression of VEGF in cancer cells and also expressed VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2.In vitro studies showed that human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, but not normal colonic cell lines, express VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 and secrete VEGF into the medium up to a concentration 2000 pg/ml within 48 h. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of VEGF receptors using a specific VEGF-R inhibitor significantly reduced proliferation (by >50%) of cultured colon cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the contention that VEGF generated by colon cancer cells stimulates their growth directly through an autocrine mechanism that is independent of its primary function in the induction of angiogenesis.
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Rodríguez-Antona C, Muñoz-Repeto I, Inglada-Pérez L, de Cubas AA, Mancikova V, Cañamero M, Maliszewska A, Gómez A, Letón R, Leandro-García LJ, Comino-Méndez I, Sanchez L, Alvarez-Escolá C, Aller J, Cascón A, Robledo M. Influence of RET mutations on the expression of tyrosine kinases in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:611-9. [PMID: 23780998 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have recently increased due to the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), some of which have achieved remarkable clinical responses in MTC patients. However, the molecular basis for the large variability in TKI responses is unknown. In this exploratory study, we investigated the expression of eight key TKI target proteins (EGFR, KIT, MET, PDGFRB, VEGF (VEGFA), VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4)) by immunohistochemistry in 103 molecularly characterized MTC samples and identified the associated clinical and molecular features. A number of MTC samples exhibited a high expression of VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, which were overexpressed in 57 and 43% of the MTC samples respectively. VEGFR1, PDGFRB, VEGF, KIT, and MET were present in 34-20% of the cases, while EGFR was highly expressed in only 10% of the MTC samples. Some proteins exhibited large differences in expression between sporadic and familial cases, suggesting that different RET mutations may be associated with the immunohistochemical profiles. MTC samples with the C634 RET mutation exhibited a higher expression of VEGFR3 and KIT than the M918T RET-mutated and non-mutated RET tumor samples (P=0.005 and P=0.007 respectively) and a lower expression of VEGFR1 (P=0.04). Non-mutated RET MTC cases exhibited a lower expression of PDGFRB (P=0.04). Overall, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to show that multiple TKI targets are highly expressed in a subset of MTCs, suggesting that molecular stratification of patients may have the potential to improve TKI therapies for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Gan A, Green AR, Nolan CC, Martin S, Deen S. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase expression in BRCA-proficient ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma; association with patient survival. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1638-47. [PMID: 23574784 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Ovarian cancers with BRCA mutations rely on the alternative DNA repair mechanism of the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARP)-dependent base excision repair pathway, with a better overall survival and response to chemotherapy, than BRCA1-proficient cases. This can be enhanced further by using PARP inhibitors. Rate of PARP cleavage may have an independent role from BRCA in contributing to response to chemotherapy. We hypothesize that, regardless of BRCA profile, high expression of PARP1 is associated with poor disease outcome and could be used as a biomarker to identify cases that may have a better response to PARP inhibitors. The expressions of BRCA1, PARP1 in its intact and cleaved (C-PARP1) forms were immunohistochemically semiquantified in 174 sporadic high-grade serous carcinoma patients. Association with clinicopathologic variables and survival was analyzed. PARP1 expression was negatively associated with overall survival and progression-free survival in those patients with low BRCA1 profile (P = .04). Analysis of the combined expression of PARP1 and BRCA1 revealed that high expression of PARP1 is associated with poor survival when combined with either high or low BRCA expression. This was reinforced by multivariate analysis showing PARP1 (P = .034) as an independent prognostic factor. A trend toward worse survival was noted with low levels of C-PARP. PARP1 may have an independent role in response to chemotherapy separate from BRCA gene mutation and partly due to reduced PARP cleavage. An approach to exploit PARP expression as a beneficial biomarker to identify patients suitable for PARP inhibitor therapy is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gan
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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