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Fatma H, Jameel M, Siddiqui AJ, Kuddus M, Buali NS, Bahrini I, Siddique HR. Chemotherapeutic potential of lupeol against cancer in pre-clinical model: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155777. [PMID: 38943695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research on Lupeol's potential in cancer prevention highlights its ability to target various cancer-related factors. It regulates proliferative markers, modulates signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and influences inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, Lupeol demonstrates selectivity in killing cancer cells while sparing normal cells, thus minimizing the risk of toxic effects on healthy tissues. HYPOTHESIS Therefore, we aimed to explore Lupeol's potential roles as a chemotherapeutic agent and as a sensitizer to chemotherapy by reviewing various animal-based studies published on its effects. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive search across databases, including PubMed, PMC, Cochrane, EuroPMC, and ctri.gov.in to identify pertinent articles. Our focus was solely on published animal studies examining Lupeol's anti-cancer effects, with reviewers independently assessing bias risk and resolving discrepancies through consensus. RESULT 20 studies were shortlisted. The results demonstrated that Lupeol brings changes in the tumor volume by [Hedges's g: -6.62; 95 % CI: -8.68, -4.56; τ2: 24.36, I2: 96.50 %; p < 0.05] and tumor weight by [Hedges's g: -3.97; 95 % CI: -5.20, -2.49; τ2: 2.70, I2: 79.27 %; p <0.05]. The high I2, negative Egger's value, and asymmetrical funnel plot show the publication bias among the studies. Further, Lupeol in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents showed better outcomes as compared to them alone [Hedges's g: -6.38; 95 % CI: -11.82, -0.94; τ2: 46.91; I2: 98.68 %; p <0.05]. Lupeol also targets various signaling molecules and pathways to exert an anti-cancer effect. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Lupeol significantly reduces tumor volume and weight. Combining Lupeol with other chemotherapy agents shows promise for enhancing anti-cancer effects. However, high variability among studies and evidence of publication bias suggest caution in interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Jameel
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, PO Box 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Saleh Buali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, PO Box 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Insaf Bahrini
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, PO Box 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Grudzińska M, Stachnik B, Galanty A, Sołtys A, Podolak I. Progress in Antimelanoma Research of Natural Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives: Mechanisms of Action, Bioavailability Enhancement and Structure Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7763. [PMID: 38067491 PMCID: PMC10707933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, characterized by early metastasis and rapid development. In search for effective treatment options, much attention is given to triterpenoids of plant origin, which are considered promising drug candidates due to their well described anticancer properties and relatively low toxicity. This paper comprehensively summarizes the antimelanoma potential of natural triterpenoids, that are also used as scaffolds for the development of more effective derivatives. These include betulin, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, celastrol and lupeol. Some lesser-known triterpenoids that deserve attention in this context are 22β-hydroxytingenone, cucurbitacins, geoditin A and ganoderic acids. Recently described mechanisms of action are presented, together with the results of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the use of drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical technologies to improve the bioavailability of triterpenoids. This paper also reviews the most promising structural modifications, based on structure-activity observations. In conclusion, triterpenoids of plant origin and some of their semi-synthetic derivatives exert significant cytotoxic, antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects that can be beneficial for melanoma treatment. Recent data indicate that their poor solubility in water, and thus low bioavailability, can be overcome by complexing with cyclodextrins, or the use of nanoparticles and ethosomes, thus making these compounds promising antimelanoma drug candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogna Stachnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Sołtys
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
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da Costa DS, dos Santos LN, Ferreira NR, Takeuchi KP, Lopes AS. Mairá-Potato ( Casimirella sp.): Botanical, Food, Pharmacological, and Phytochemical Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:6069. [PMID: 37630321 PMCID: PMC10458469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people in the world live in food insecurity, so identifying a tuber with characteristics capable of meeting the demand for food and also identifying active compounds that can be used to minimize harm to human health is of great value. The aim was to carry out a review based on systematic review tools and the main objective was to seek information on botanical, food, pharmacological, and phytochemical aspects of Casimirella sp. and propose possible applications. This review showed papers that addressed botanical, food, pharmacological, and phytochemical aspects of the Mairá-potato and presented suggestions for using this tuber allied to the information described in the works found in the Google Academic, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. This review synthesized knowledge about the Mairá-potato that can contribute to the direction of further research on the suggested technological applications, both on the use of this tuber as a polymeric material and its use as biomaterial, encapsulation, bioactive use, and 3D printing, because this work collected information about this non-conventional food plant (PANC) that shows great potential for use in various areas of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa Silva da Costa
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, UFMT (Federal University of Mato Grosso), Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Santos Lopes
- LABIOTEC/FEA (Biotechnological Process Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil; (L.N.d.S.); (N.R.F.); (A.S.L.)
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Bae S, Jeong NH, Choi YA, Lee B, Jang YH, Lee S, Kim SH. Lupeol alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene/Dermatophagoides farinae extract-induced mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 37098554 PMCID: PMC10131421 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects from children to adults widely, presenting symptoms such as pruritus, erythema, scaling, and dryness. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Based on these properties, the therapeutic effects of lupeol on skin disorders have been actively studied. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of lupeol on AD. METHODS We utilized tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated keratinocytes and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene/Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced AD mice to confirm the action. RESULTS Lupeol inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes activation by reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which are mediated by the activation of signaling molecules such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 and ERK), and nuclear factor-κB. Oral administration of lupeol suppressed epidermal and dermal thickening and immune cell infiltration in ear tissue. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E (total and DFE-specific) and IgG2a levels in serum were also reduced by lupeol. The gene expression and protein secretion of T helper (Th) 2 cytokines, Th1 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokine in ear tissue were decreased by lupeol. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that lupeol has inhibitory effects on AD-related responses. Therefore, lupeol could be a promising therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Bae
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hee Jeong
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Nance RL, Sajib AM, Smith BF. Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:67-99. [PMID: 35595353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Nance
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
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Pazzi P, Steenkamp G, Rixon AJ. Treatment of Canine Oral Melanomas: A Critical Review of the Literature. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050196. [PMID: 35622724 PMCID: PMC9147014 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical appraisal of the available literature for the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is lacking. This critical review aimed to evaluate the current literature and provide treatment recommendations and possible suggestions for future canine OMM research. PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched in June 2021, for terms relevant to treatment of OMM. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and information on clinical response and outcome extracted. Eighty-one studies were included. The overall level of evidence supporting the various canine OMM treatment options was low. The majority of studies included confounding treatment modalities and lacked randomization, control groups and consistency in reporting clinical response and outcomes. Within these limitations, surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Adjunctive radiotherapy provided good local control and improved median survival times (MST), chemotherapy did not offer survival benefit beyond that of surgery, while electrochemotherapy may offer a potential alternative to radiotherapy. Immunotherapy holds the most promise in extending MST in the surgical adjunctive setting, in particular the combination of gene therapy and autologous vaccination. Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trials, with a lack of confounding factors and reporting based on established guidelines would allow comparison and recommendations for the treatment of canine OMM.
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Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Melanoma and in the Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121942. [PMID: 34943045 PMCID: PMC8750393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with the poorest prognosis, representing the deadliest form of skin cancer. Activating mutations in BRAF are the most frequent genetic alterations, present in approximately 50% of all melanoma cases. The use of specific inhibitors towards mutant BRAF variants and MEK, a downstream signaling target of BRAF in the MAPK pathway, has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced melanoma patients carrying BRAF mutations. Nevertheless, despite these improvements, resistance still develops within the first year of therapy in around 50% of patients, which is a significant problem in managing BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Understanding these mechanisms is one of the mainstreams of the research on BRAFi/MEKi acquired resistance. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been described. Moreover, in recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as another major force involved in all the phases of melanoma development, from initiation to progression until the onsets of the metastatic phenotype and chemoresistance, and has thus become a target for therapy. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on oxidative stress and its signaling in melanoma, as well as the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.
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Investigation of Lupeol as Anti-Melanoma Agent: An In Vitro-In Ovo Perspective. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5054-5066. [PMID: 34940064 PMCID: PMC8700590 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) represents the most life-threatening skin cancer worldwide, with a narrow and inefficient chemotherapeutic arsenal available in advanced disease stages. Lupeol (LUP) is a triterpenoid-type phytochemical possessing a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including a potent anticancer effect against several neoplasms (e.g., colorectal, lung, and liver). However, its potential as an anti-melanoma agent has been investigated to a lesser extent. The current study focused on exploring the impact of LUP against two human MM cell lines (A375 and RPMI-7951) in terms of cell viability, confluence, morphology, cytoskeletal distribution, nuclear aspect, and migration. Additionally, the in ovo antiangiogenic effect has been also examined. The in vitro results indicated concentration-dependent and selective cytotoxicity against both MM cell lines, with estimated IC50 values of 66.59 ± 2.20 for A375, and 45.54 ± 1.48 for RPMI-7951, respectively, accompanied by a reduced cell confluence, apoptosis-specific nuclear features, reorganization of cytoskeletal components, and inhibited cell migration. In ovo, LUP interfered with the process of angiogenesis by reducing the formation of neovascularization. Despite the potential anti-melanoma effect illustrated in our in vitro-in ovo study, further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying LUP-induced effects in A375 and RPMI-7951 MM cells.
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Dai L, Yang H, Zhao X, Wang L. Identification of cis conformation natural rubber and proteins in Ficus altissima Blume latex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:376-384. [PMID: 34404008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ficus altissima Blume, a horticultural plant in tropical and warm subtropical regions, can produce natural rubber with comparable molecular weight to the Hevea brasiliensis rubber. The F. altissima latex has an acidic pH (about 4.89). The rubber particle size distribution is a unimodal profile, and the peak frequency is at a size of 4.5 μm. The natural rubber of F. altissima was determined to be a cis conformation via 13C NMR. The Mp (molecular weight of the peak maxima) of the deproteinized F. altissima rubber was 9.34 × 105 Da. LC-MS was used to identify the proteins of rubber particles and serum. The most abundant protein of the creamy rubber particle layer is an acid phosphatase, while the most abundant proteins of serum were an (R)-mandelonitrilelyase and a polygalacturonase inhibitor. Pharmaceutical proteins (ficins) or enzymes related to the biosynthesis of natural medicines (a cannabidiolic acid synthase and two lupeol synthase) were identified in F. altissima latex. The data of this study may be helpful for research on the functions of latex in latex-borne plants and the biosynthesis mechanism of natural rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Xizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
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Bhatt M, Patel M, Adnan M, Reddy MN. Anti-Metastatic Effects of Lupeol via the Inhibition of MAPK/ERK Pathway in Lung Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:201-206. [PMID: 32329697 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200424131548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE ERK pathway is one of the most crucial pathways in lung cancer metastasis. Targeting its pathway is decisive in lung cancer research. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time for significant and selective anti-metastatic effects of lupeol against lung cancer A549 cells via perturbations in the ERK signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human protein targets of lupeol were predicted in silico. Migration and cytotoxicity assays were carried out in vitro. Expression levels of proteins Erk1/2 and pErk1/2 were ensured using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to estimate changes in crucial mesenchymal marker gene expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin. RESULTS Lupeol was found to target ERK and MEK proteins effectively. Despite having no cytotoxic effects, lupeol also significantly inhibited cell migration in A549 cells with decreased expression of the pErk1/2 protein along with N-cadherin and vimentin genes. CONCLUSION Lupeol inhibits cell migration, showed no cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, decreased pErk1/2 and EMT gene expression. Thus, it can serve as a potential ERK pathway inhibitor in lung cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital Bhatt
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandadi N Reddy
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Eldohaji LM, Fayed B, Hamoda AM, Ershaid M, Abdin S, Alhamidi TB, Mohammad MG, Omar HA, Soliman SSM. Potential targeting of Hep3B liver cancer cells by lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100120. [PMID: 34085721 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable sources of different active constituents that are known to have important pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, present in many medicinal plants, has a wide range of biological activities. Although the anticancer activity of lupeol was reported, the published data are inconsistent and the clear mechanism of action has never been assigned. The current study aims at investigating the anticancer specificity and mechanism of lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina, which grows in the desert of the United Arab Emirates. The compound was purified by chromatography and identified by spectroscopy. Compared with a negative control, lupeol caused significant (p < .001) growth inhibitory activity on MCF-7 and Hep3B parental and resistant cells by 45%, 46%, 72%, and 35%, respectively. The mechanism of action of lupeol was further explored by measuring its effect on key players in cancer development and progression, BCL-2 anti-apoptotic and BAX pro-apoptotic proteins. Lupeol significantly (p < .01) downregulated BCL-2 gene expression in parental and resistant Hep3B cells by 33 and 3.5 times, respectively, contributing to the induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells, whereas it caused no effect on BAX. Furthermore, the immunoblotting analysis revealed that lupeol cleaved the executioner caspase-3 into its active form. Interestingly, lupeol showed no significant effect on the proliferation of monocytes, whereas it caused an increase in the sub-G1 population and a reduction in the apoptosis rates of monocytes at 48 and 72 h, indicative of no immuno-inflammatory responses. Collectively, lupeol can be considered as promising effective and safe anticancer agent, particularly against Hep3B cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen M Eldohaji
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shifaa Abdin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tasneem B Alhamidi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hany A Omar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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ElDohaji LM, Hamoda AM, Hamdy R, Soliman SSM. Avicennia marina a natural reservoir of phytopharmaceuticals: Curative power and platform of medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113179. [PMID: 32768642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is a historic plant, well-known for many centuries in traditional and folk use medicine. A. marina is an evergreen tree belongs to Acanthaceae family. The plant is the most widespread mangrove in the tropical and subtropical regions of Indo-West-Pacific area. Current scientific data confirmed the medicinal values of A. marina. The pharmacological activity of the plant is attributed to the presence of several phytochemical classes. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the link between the traditional use of the plant and the scientific data accumulated over time including both the phytochemical analysis and therapeutic activities. Additionally, to evaluate the usage of obtained data for further development of the plant and its products in the pharmaceutical market. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data related to traditional medicine, therapeutic uses, phytochemical analysis and market availability of A. marina and its products from different geographical regions were collected. The collected data was compared and the research gaps were identified in order to highlight areas that can be employed to improve plant-based research and development. RESULTS Although the wide geographical distribution of the plant, its historic traditional use, richness of phytochemicals and diverse pharmacological activities, the utilization of these data has never been exploited for human health and several gaps were identified. These gaps include the lack of phyto-geographical comparison of the plant, the lack of proper mapping of traditional use to the scientific data and inadequate exploration of plant phytochemicals by researchers. CONCLUSIONS A. marina is an old tree that has evolved over centuries and adapted diverse climates. It contains a pool of potential phytochemicals that can be employed for the discovery of drugs after careful studies. Scientists are required to invest money and time to explore these renewable and natural sources of drugs and design drug formulations to overcome current difficult to treat health issues and fight against the era of drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen M ElDohaji
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Flota-Burgos GJ, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Borges-Argáez R, Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano C, Gamboa-Angulo M. Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts and Active Compounds From Diospyros anisandra on Ancylostoma caninum, Haemonchus placei and Cyathostomins. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:565103. [PMID: 33173794 PMCID: PMC7538544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.565103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of leaf and bark extracts of Diospyros anisandra collected during different seasons and their major constituents on eggs of Ancylostoma caninum, Haemonchus placei, and cyathostomins. Specifically, the eclosion inhibition of the methanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of D. anisandra collected during the dry and rainy seasons (600–37.5 μg/ml) were evaluated in addition to the fractions, sub-fractions (300–37.5 μg/ml) and active major constituents (150–2.3 μg/ml). The rainy season bark extract had the highest percentage of eclosion inhibition (PEI) against the evaluated nematodes (≥ 90% at 75 μg/ml) along with high ovicidal activity (90.0 to 93.4% at 75 μg/ml). The purification of the rainy season bark extract showed that its biological activity came from the non-polar n-hexane fraction (≥ 93% at 75 μg/ml). The bioguided fractionation pointed to sub-fraction 5 as having the highest anthelmintic activity against the three evaluated genera of nematodes (PEI ≥ 93% at 37.5 μg/ml). Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that the major constituent in sub-fraction 5 was plumbagin. Upon evaluation, plumbagin was confirmed to be responsible for the anthelmintic activity of D. anisandra, with a PEI ≥ 90% at 2.3 μg/ml on the three evaluated nematodes. Additionally, the compounds betulin and lupeol in the bark of D. anisandra were evaluated but presented low anthelmintic activity (PEI ≤ 5.3% at 2.3 μg/ml). In conclusion, the rainy season bark extract of D. anisandra exerts a high ovicidal activity against the eggs of the three studied nematodes. Plumbagin is the active compound responsible for this activity and represents a potential alternative for the control of different genera of gastrointestinal nematodes given the current scenario of anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Janett Flota-Burgos
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Rosado-Aguilar
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
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Akhouri V, Kumari M, Kumar A. Therapeutic effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract against DMBA induced breast cancer in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18016. [PMID: 33093498 PMCID: PMC7581526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among most common form of cancer worldwide. It is also the major cause of death in female cancer patient around the world. Despite various therapeutic measures, it remains associated with high mortality rate. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa has been extensively used in Indian medicine system Ayurveda, due to its various medicinal properties. However, there are very limited reports regarding its anticancer activity. Thus, the present research work has been aimed to study the anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos fruit extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in rats. Female Charles Foster rats, 55-60 days old weighing around (150 ± 10 g) were used for the study and were induced DMBA (20 mg/mL dissolved in Olive oil) orally. After the development of breast tumors (about 0.5 cm), the rats were treated with Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg b.w./day) orally for 5 weeks and then volume of tumor was measured. Aegle marmelos treatment showed significantly reduced mammary tumor volume (P < 0.05), along with significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the different serum biomarkers such as TNF-α level, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glucose levels. Significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in both, the kidney and liver serum biomarker parameters were also observed after the treatment with Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract. From the entire study, taking everything into account it can be interpreted that Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract possesses anti-proliferative activity by suppressing the progression of breast tumors in rat model. The plant extract also possesses hepato-renal protective effect. Hence, it can be targeted as novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Research Centre, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India.
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Choromanska A, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Assisted by Reversible Electroporation-In Vitro Study on Human Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050478. [PMID: 32456290 PMCID: PMC7284363 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers. The incidence of this malignant skin lesion is continuing to increase worldwide. Melanoma is resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs and highly metastatic. Surgical resection can only be used to treat melanoma in the early stages, while chemotherapy is limited due to melanoma multi-drug resistance. The overexpression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) may have a critical role in this resistance. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural phenolic compound, which occurs in many plants. Previous studies demonstrated that CAPE suppresses the growth of melanoma cells and induces reactive oxygen species generation. It is also known that bioactivation of CAPE to its corresponding quinone metabolite by tyrosinase would lead to GST inhibition and selective melanoma cell death. We investigated the biochemical toxicity of CAPE in combination with microsecond electropermeabilization in two human melanoma cell lines. Our results indicate that electroporation of melanoma cells in the presence of CAPE induced high oxidative stress, which correlates with high cytotoxicity. Moreover, it can disrupt the metabolism of cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death. Electroporation of melanoma cells may be an efficient CAPE delivery system, enabling the application of this compound, while reducing its dose and exposure time.
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Maurya SK, Shadab G, Siddique HR. Chemosensitization of Therapy Resistant Tumors: Targeting Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways by Lupeol, A Pentacyclic Triterpene. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:455-465. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The resistance of cancer cells to different therapies is one of the major stumbling blocks
for successful cancer treatment. Various natural and pharmaceuticals drugs are unable to control drug-resistance
cancer cell's growth. Also, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several side effects and cannot apply to the patient
in excess. In this context, chemosensitization to the therapy-resistant cells by non-toxic phytochemicals
could be an excellent alternative to combat therapy-resistant cancers.
Objective:
To review the currently available literature on chemosensitization of therapy resistance cancers by
Lupeol for clinically approved drugs through targeting different cell signaling pathways.
Methods:
We reviewed relevant published articles in PubMed and other search engines from 1999 to 2019 to
write this manuscript. The key words used for the search were “Lupeol and Cancer”, “Lupeol and Chemosensitization”,
“Lupeol and Cell Signaling Pathways”, “Cancer Stem Cells and Lupeol” etc. The published results on the
chemosensitization of Lupeol were compared and discussed.
Results:
Lupeol chemosensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells for clinically approved drugs. Lupeol alone or in
combination with approved drugs inhibits inflammation in different cancer cells through modulation of expression
of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Lupeol, through altering the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, Survivin, FAS,
Caspases, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly induce cell deaths among therapy-resistant
cells. Lupeol also modulates the molecules involved in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclins, CDKs, P53, P21,
and PCNA in different cancer types.
Conclusion:
Lupeol chemosensitizes the therapy-resistant cancer cells for the treatment of various clinically
approved drugs via modulating different signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance cancer. Thus, Lupeol
might be used as an adjuvant molecule along with clinically approved drugs to reduce the toxicity and increase
the effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G.G.H.A. Shadab
- Molecular Toxicology & Cytogenetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Murthy HN, Bhat MA, Dalawai D. Bioactive Compounds of Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa). REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30182-8_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Obrador E, Liu-Smith F, Dellinger RW, Salvador R, Meyskens FL, Estrela JM. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathophysiology of malignant melanoma. Biol Chem 2019; 400:589-612. [PMID: 30352021 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high number of somatic mutations in the melanoma genome associated with cumulative ultra violet (UV) exposure has rendered it one of the most difficult of cancers to treat. With new treatment approaches based on targeted and immune therapies, drug resistance has appeared as a consistent problem. Redox biology, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), plays a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and to metastatic cells. The involvement of melanin production and UV radiation in ROS/RNS generation has rendered the melanocytic lineage a unique system for studying redox biology. Overall, an elevated oxidative status has been associated with melanoma, thus much effort has been expended to prevent or treat melanoma using antioxidants which are expected to counteract oxidative stress. The consequence of this redox-rebalance seems to be two-fold: on the one hand, cells may behave less aggressively or even undergo apoptosis; on the other hand, cells may survive better after being disseminated into the circulating system or after drug treatment, thus resulting in metastasis promotion or further drug resistance. In this review we summarize the current understanding of redox signaling in melanoma at cellular and systemic levels and discuss the experimental and potential clinic use of antioxidants and new epigenetic redox modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Epdemiology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Department of Epdemiology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - José M Estrela
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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19
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Cytotoxic Constituents and Molecular Docking Study of the Active Triterpenoids from Tripleurospermum disciforme (C. A. Mey.) Schultz-Bip. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.65760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Hsu MJ, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY, Tang CH, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Huang WW, Chung JG. Lupeol suppresses migration and invasion via p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1729-1739. [PMID: 31010399 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1606693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lupeol, one of the common components from the fruits and natural foods, has been reported to exert antitumor activities in many human cancer cell lines; however, its effects on osteosarcoma cell metastasis were not elucidated. In the present study, lupeol at 10–25 μM induced cell morphological changes and decreased total viable cell number in U-2 OS cells. Lupeol (5–15 μM) suppressed cell mobility, migration, and invasion by wound healing and transwell chamber assays, respectively. Lupeol inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and −9 in U-2 OS cells by gelatin zymography assay. Lupeol significantly decreased PI3K, pAKT, β-catenin, and increased GSK3β. Furthermore, lupeol decreased the expressions of Ras, p-Raf-1, p-p38, and β-catenin. Lupeol also decreased uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin but increased VE-cadherin in U-2 OS cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that lupeol can be used in anti-metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children‘s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University Children‘s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lupeol alters viability of SK-RC-45 (Renal cell carcinoma cell line) by modulating its mitochondrial dynamics. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02107. [PMID: 31417967 PMCID: PMC6690575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer leading to 140,000 deaths per year. Among all RCCs 80% evolve from the epithelial proximal tubular cells within the kidney. There is a high tendency of developing chemoresistance and resistance to radiation therapy in most RCC patients. Therefore, kidney resection is considered as the most effective treatments for patients having localized RCC. There is a high tendency of post-operative recurrence among 20-40% of the patients and this recurrence is not curable. It is also clear that modern medicine has no curative treatment options against metastatic RCC. Lupeol [lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol] is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound naturally found in various edible fruits and in many traditionally used medicinal plants, and has been demonstrated as effective against highly metastatic melanoma and prostate cancers. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of lupeol to RCC with molecular details. Treatment with lupeol on SK-RC-45 (a RCC cell line) with the LC50 dose of 40μM (for 48 h) induces mitochondrial hyper fission which eventually leads to apoptosis while SK-RC-45 counteracts by enhancing autophagy-mediated selective removal of fragmented mitochondria. This is the first study which concurrently reports the effects of lupeol on RCC and its effect on the mitochondrial dynamics of a cell. Herein, we conclude that lupeol has potential to be an effective agent against RCC with the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Heenatigala Palliyage G, Singh S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Chauhan H. Pharmaceutical Topical Delivery of Poorly Soluble Polyphenols: Potential Role in Prevention and Treatment of Melanoma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:250. [PMID: 31297635 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is regarded as the fifth and sixth most common cancer in men and women, respectively, and it is estimated that one person dies from melanoma every hour in the USA. Unfortunately, the treatment of melanoma is difficult because of its aggressive metastasis and resistance to treatment. The treatment of melanoma continues to be a challenging issue due to the limitations of available treatments such as a low response rate, severe adverse reactions, and significant toxicity. Natural polyphenols have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy. It has been suggested that poorly soluble polyphenols such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, coumarin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate may have significant benefits in the treatment of melanoma due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and chemoprotective efficacies. The major obstacles for the use of polyphenolic compounds are low stability and poor bioavailability. Numerous nanoformulations, including solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, have been formulated to enhance the bioavailability and stability, as well as the therapeutic efficacy of polyphenols. This review will provide an overview of poorly soluble polyphenols that have been reported to have antimetastatic efficacy in melanomas.
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Vithana MD, Singh Z, Johnson SK. Regulation of the levels of health promoting compounds: lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3740-3751. [PMID: 30723909 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a demand for feasible methodologies that can increase/maintain the levels of health-promoting phytochemicals in horticultural produce, due to strong evidence that these compounds can reduce risk of chronic diseases. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), ranks fifth among the most cultivated fruit crops in the world, is naturally rich in phytochemicals such as lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids (e.g. gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid). Yet, there is still much scope for up-regulating the levels of these compounds in mango fruit through manipulation of different preharvest and postharvest practices that affect their biosynthesis and degradation. The process of ripening, harvest maturity, physical and chemical elicitor treatments such as low temperature stress, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the availability of enzyme cofactors (Mg2+ , Mn2+ and Fe2+ ) required in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified as potential determinants of the concentration of health-promoting compounds in mango fruit. The effectiveness of these preharvest and postharvest approaches in regulating the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit will be discussed. In general spray application of 0.2% iron(II) sulphate (FeSO4 ) 30 days before harvest, harvest at sprung stage, storage of mature green fruit at 5 °C for 12 days prior to ripening, fumigation of mature green fruit with 10-5 mol L-1 and/or 10-4 mol L-1 MeJA for 24 h or 20 and/or 40 µL L-1 NO for 2 h upregulate the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in pulp and peel of ripe mango fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekhala Dk Vithana
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Zora Singh
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Ashwini P, Rekha PD. Lupeol from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity, Angiogenesis and Proliferation of Glioma Cells. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-01971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Saini M, Khan MF, Sangwan R, Khan MA, Kumar A, Verma R, Ahamad T, Jain S. Design, Synthesis and
In‐Vitro
Antitumor Activity of Lupeol Derivatives
via
Modification at C‐3 and C‐30 Positions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Saini
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Reetu Sangwan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
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Wang Y, Hong D, Qian Y, Tu X, Wang K, Yang X, Shao S, Kong X, Lou Z, Jin L. Lupeol inhibits growth and migration in two human colorectal cancer cell lines by suppression of Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7987-7999. [PMID: 30519040 PMCID: PMC6235339 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupeol, a triterpene isolated from various herbal plants, possesses an anti-inflammatory function and has been proposed as a candidate for anticancer agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of lupeol on the viability, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, and migration of colorectal cancer cell lines and its molecular mechanism. Methods Lupeol was assessed for its anticancer effect using two human colorectal cancer cell lines: SW480 and HCT116. These cells were treated with lupeol, and their viability, apoptosis, migration, and cycle distribution were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, and the transwell method. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, cMYC, CCND1, CLDN1, and CCNA2. Results Lupeol suppressed cell viability and migration and induced cellular apoptosis of both cell lines, with increased p53 and decreased Bcl2 protein levels (P<0.05). Cell cycles of both lupeol-treated cell lines were arrested in the S phase (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed significantly reduced expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, and downstream genes of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway, including the cell-cycle-regulated genes of cMYC and CCND1 of both cell lines upon lupeol treatment (P<0.05). mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1 decreased in HCT116 cells, plus the expression of CCNA2 mRNA and protein decreased in SW480 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed decreased expression of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Our findings indicate that lupeol effectively inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of two colorectal cell lines by inactivation of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway and downregulation of cMYC, CCND1, CCNA2, and CLDN1, thereby making it a promising anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ; .,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yuqin Qian
- School of the first Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezi Tu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Keke Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xianhong Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Sijia Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xinlong Kong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhefeng Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Longjin Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
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Bhattacharyya S, Mitra D, Ray S, Biswas N, Banerjee S, Majumder B, Mustafi SM, Murmu N. Reversing effect of Lupeol on vasculogenic mimicry in murine melanoma progression. Microvasc Res 2018; 121:52-62. [PMID: 30381268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry, an endothelia-independent tumor microcirculation has been found in various cancers and is thought to be achieved by cancer stem like cells. Dacarbazine resistance is one of the most common features of melanoma and recent studies suggest that the mode of resistance is closely related to the formation of vasculogenic mimicry. In our work, we examined the anticancer effect of Lupeol, a novel phytochemical with Dacarbazine in vivo and in vitro. Results demonstrated adequate cytotoxicity followed by down regulation of CD 133 expression in Lupeol treated B16-F10 cell line. In solid tumor model the drug also inhibited vasculogenic mimicry along with angiogenesis by altering both the cancer stem cell as well as the endothelial progenitor cell population. Lupeol hindered the maturation of bone marrow derived endothelial progenitors and thus, retarded the formation of rudimentary tumor microvessels. Notably, Dacarbazine treatment demonstrated unresponsiveness to B16-F10 cells in both in vivo and in vitro model via upregulation of CD 133 expression and increased formation of vasculogenic mimicry tubes. Together, these data indicate that Lupeol alone can become a proficient agent in treating melanoma, inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry and might play a significant role in subduing Dacarbazine induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Debarpan Mitra
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Nirjhar Biswas
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Samir Banerjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Biswanath Majumder
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, 202, Narayana Nethralaya, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Saunak Mitra Mustafi
- Department of Pathology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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Chen MC, Hsu HH, Chu YY, Cheng SF, Shen CY, Lin YJ, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Lin YM, Huang CY. Lupeol alters ER stress-signaling pathway by downregulating ABCG2 expression to induce Oxaliplatin-resistant LoVo colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:587-593. [PMID: 29436100 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer-related death. There are several first-line chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an alkylating cytotoxic agent that is usually combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat stage II and stage III CRC. However, cancer cells commonly acquire multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a major obstruction to cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that natural components from traditional Chinese medicine or foods that have many biological functions may be new adjuvant therapies in clinical trials. We challenged LoVo CRC cell lines with OXA in a dose-dependent manner to create an OXA-resistant model. The expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher, and levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were lower than those Parental cells. However, Lupeol, which is found in fruits and vegetables, has been shown to have bioactive properties, including anti-tumor properties that are relevant to many diseases. In our study, Lupeol downregulated cell viability and activated cell apoptosis. Moreover, Lupeol decreased the expression of ABCG2 and activated ER stress to induce OXA-resistant cell death. Importantly, the anti-tumor effect of Lupeol in OXA-resistant cells was higher than that of LoVo Parental cells. In addition, we also confirmed our results with a xenograft animal model, and the tumor size significantly decreased after Lupeol injections. Our findings show that Lupeol served as a strong chemoresistant sensitizer and could be a new adjuvant therapy method for chemoresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Fei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Stojakowska A, Galanty A, Malarz J, Michalik M. Major terpenoids from Telekia speciosa flowers and their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1804-1808. [PMID: 29430966 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1437431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to known constituents of Telekia speciosa, an acetone extract from ray florets of the plant yielded: 5,5'-dibutoxy-2,2'-bifuran (1), 5,5'-diisobutoxy-2,2'-bifuran (2), α-tocopherol (3), β-tocopherol (4), loliolide palmitate (5), a mixture of calenduladiol esters - 16β-hydroxylupeol-3-O-palmitate (7) and 16β-hydroxylupeol-3-O-myristate (8), 1-epiinuviscolide (12), inuviscolide (13), 3-epiisotelekin (16), 4α-hydroxy-9β,10β-epoxy-1β(H)-11(13)-guaien-8α,12-olide (17), 4α-hydroxy-1β(H)-9(10),11(13)-guaiadien-8α,12-olide (18), loliolide (19) and 4β,10β-dihydroxy-1α(H),5α(H)-11(13)-guaien-8α,12-olide (20). Calenduladiol esters and asperilin (14) were the major constituents of the extract. Their cytotoxic effect on human normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT-2), human prostate carcinoma cell lines, human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human melanoma cell lines was examined in vitro. Triterpene esters showed no cytotoxicity against nearly all cell lines tested, except for Du145 prostate carcinoma cells (IC50 - 62.0 μΜ). Asperilin displayed activity against the cell lines under study, especially against three tested lines of melanomas (A375, IC50 - 17.6 μΜ, WM793, IC50 - 28.2 μΜ and Hs 294T, IC50 - 29.5 μΜ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stojakowska
- a Department of Phytochemistry , Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Janusz Malarz
- a Department of Phytochemistry , Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- c Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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Silva ATME, Magalhães CG, Duarte LP, Mussel WDN, Ruiz ALTG, Shiozawa L, Carvalho JED, Trindade IC, Vieira Filho SA. Lupeol and its esters: NMR, powder XRD data and in vitro evaluation of cancer cell growth. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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32
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Some triterpenic compounds in extracts of Cecropia and Bauhinia species for different sampling years. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Teoh PL, Cheng AYF, Liau M, Lem FF, Kaling GP, Chua FN, Cheong BE. Chemical composition and cytotoxic properties of Clinacanthus nutans root extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:394-401. [PMID: 27931178 PMCID: PMC6130766 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1242145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and antivenom activities. In Malaysia, it has been widely claimed to be effective in various cancer treatments but scientific evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the chemical constituents, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic properties of C. nutans root extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roots were subjected to solvent extraction using methanol and ethyl acetate. The anti-proliferative effects of root extracts were tested at the concentrations of 10 to 50 μg/mL on MCF-7 and HeLa by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 72 h. Morphological changes were observed under light microscope. Pro-apoptotic effects of root extracts were examined using flow cytometric analysis and RT-PCR. The chemical compositions of root extracts were detected using GC-MS. RESULTS The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was inhibited with the IC50 values of 35 and 30 μg/mL, respectively, for methanol and ethyl acetate root extracts. The average inhibition of HeLa cells was ∼25%. Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 was supported by chromatin condensation, down-regulation of BCL2 and unaltered expression of BAX. However, only ethyl acetate extract caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. GC-MS analysis revealed the roots extracts were rich with terpenoids and phytosterols. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that root extracts promote apoptosis by suppressing BCL2 via mitochondria-dependent or independent manner. The identified compounds might work solely or cooperatively in regulating apoptosis. However, further studies are required to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Angelina Ying Fang Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Fui Fui Lem
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Grace P. Kaling
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fern Nie Chua
- Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bo Eng Cheong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Ruiz-Rodríguez MA, Vedani A, Flores-Mireles AL, Cháirez-Ramírez MH, Gallegos-Infante JA, González-Laredo RF. In Silico Prediction of the Toxic Potential of Lupeol. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1562-1571. [PMID: 28654752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid found in many plant species such as mango. This compound is the principal active component of many traditional herbal medicines. In the past decade, a considerable number of publications dealt with lupeol and its analogues due to the interest in their pharmacological activities against cancer, inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease. To identify further potential applications of lupeol and its analogues, it is necessary to investigate their mechanisms of action, particularly their interaction with off-target proteins that may trigger adverse effects or toxicity. In this study, we simulated and quantified the interaction of lupeol and 11 of its analogues toward a series of 16 proteins known or suspected to trigger adverse effects employing the VirtualToxLab. This software provides a thermodynamic estimate of the binding affinity, and the results were challenged by molecular-dynamics simulations, which allow probing the kinetic stability of the underlying protein-ligand complexes. Our results indicate that there is a moderate toxic potential for lupeol and some of its analogues, by targeting and binding to nuclear receptors involved in fertility, which could trigger undesired adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Vedani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, United States
| | - Manuel H Cháirez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - José A Gallegos-Infante
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
| | - Rubén F González-Laredo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango , Boulevard Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, México
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Tsai FS, Lin LW, Wu CR. Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 929:145-175. [PMID: 27771924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Strzemski M, Wojnicki K, Sowa I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P, Kocjan R, Such J, Latalski M, Wnorowski A, Wójciak-Kosior M. In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of Extracts of Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens and Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:371. [PMID: 28659804 PMCID: PMC5469354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of the Carlina genus have been used in traditional medicine in many countries to treat numerous skin disorders, including cancer. The objective of this work was to assess the anticancer properties of root and leaf extracts from Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens and C. acanthifolia subsp. utzka. Anti-tumor properties of the extracts were explored using a tetrazolium-based cell viability assay and flow cytometric apoptosis analysis, followed by immunodetection of phosphoactive ERK1/2 in UACC-903, C32, and UACC-647 human melanoma cell lines. Normal human fibroblasts were used as a control. Leaf extracts inhibited the viability of all tested melanoma cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion while the fibroblasts were less sensitive to such extract. The root extracts inhibited the proliferation of UACC-903 and UACC-647 cells only at the highest doses (300 μg/mL). However, the C32 and fibroblast cells exhibited an increase in the cellular proliferation rate and no caspase activity was observed in response to the root extracts (100 μg/mL). An increase in caspase activity was observed in melanoma cells treated with the leaf extracts of both Carlina species. Leaf extracts from C. acaulis subsp. caulescens (100 μg/mL) inhibited proliferatory ERK1/2 in UACC-903 and C32 cells, as demonstrated by the decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. No reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 was observed in the tested cell lines treated with the root extracts, apart from UACC-647 after incubation with the C. acanthifolia subsp. utzka root extract (100 μg/mL). There was no change in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the fibroblasts. The extracts from the leaves and roots were analyzed by HPLC and the analysis showed the presence of triterpenes and phenolic acids as the main extract components. The research demonstrated that the extracts from the leaves of the plants were cytotoxic against the human melanoma line and induced apoptosis of the cells. The triterpene fraction present in the tested extracts may be responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of SciencesWarszawa, Poland.,Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kocjan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Such
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children's Orthopedics Department, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
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Yan Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Lin X, Zhou P, Chen Z. Reduced Klotho expression contributes to poor survival rates in human patients with ovarian cancer, and overexpression of Klotho inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer partly via the inhibition of systemic inflammation in nude mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1777-1785. [PMID: 28259911 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a recently discovered anti‑aging gene, which has been reported as a tumor suppressor in numerous human malignancies; however, the role of Klotho in human ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of Klotho and evaluate its association with the progression of human ovarian cancer. A clinical follow‑up study of 120 patients with ovarian cancer and 78 normal controls was conducted. The expression levels of Klotho were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that high Klotho expression levels were detected in all normal controls, whereas the positive rate of Klotho was 61.6% in the ovarian cancer group, which was significantly decreased compared with in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, reduced Klotho expression was significantly correlated with decreased survival rates in patients with ovarian cancer (P=0.025). Subsequently, Klotho levels were detected in seven human ovarian cancer cell lines by western blotting. The results demonstrated that the highest levels of Klotho were detected in CaOV3 cells, medium levels of Klotho were detected in CaOV4 and SKOV‑3 cells, and almost no Klotho was detected in the other four cell lines: OVCA 432, OVCAR‑5, OVCAR‑8 and A2780 cells. The association between Klotho levels and cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and the results indicated that higher levels of Klotho inhibited the proliferation of A2780 and OVCAR‑5 cells, whereas reduced Klotho expression promoted cell growth of CaOV3 and SKOV‑3 cells. In addition, the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in tumor‑bearing mice and normal control mice were detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, and plasma interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑1β levels were elevated in all tumor‑bearing mice. Notably, the mRNA expression levels of IL‑6 were significantly higher in the liver, ovaries and kidneys of Klotho‑/‑ mice compared with in wild type mice (P<0.01), thus indicating that aberrant Klotho expression may contribute to systemic inflammation in Klotho‑/‑ mice. Finally, the in vivo antitumor role of aberrant Klotho expression was determined in a nude mice model. A2780 cells were transfected with pCMV6‑Klotho and the stably transfected cells were screened; the mice were injected with the stably transfected cells. The results indicated that tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly decreased in the pCMV6‑Klotho group compared with in the pCMV6 vector group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that overexpression of Klotho may suppress tumor growth in animal models. In conclusion, Klotho was demonstrated to act as a potent tumor suppressor in human ovarian cancer cells. Reduced Klotho expression was detected in the specimens of patients with ovarian cancer, and overexpression of Klotho significantly inhibited cell proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, Klotho may be considered a useful key target for the molecular therapy of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
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Bhattacharyya S, Sekar V, Majumder B, Mehrotra DG, Banerjee S, Bhowmick AK, Alam N, Mandal GK, Biswas J, Majumder PK, Murmu N. CDKN2A-p53 mediated antitumor effect of Lupeol in head and neck cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 40:145-155. [PMID: 28039610 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor suppressor protein p53 is known to control cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Lupeol is a phytochemical that has been found to induce apoptosis in different cancer types through the extrinsic pathway. As yet, however, its role in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in head and neck cancer has not been investigated. Here, we aimed at understanding the mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of Lupeol in head and neck cancer. METHODS The antitumor effect of Lupeol on oral and laryngeal carcinomas was assessed using two in vitro 2D cell line models (HEp-2, UPCI:SCC-131) and, subsequently, an ex vivo 3D tumor explant culture platform that maintains key features of the native tumor microenvironment. The mechanism underlying Lupeol-mediated antitumor responses was delineated using MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS We found that Lupeol induced an enhanced expression of p53 in both cell line models tested and, subsequently, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. In addition we found that, following Lupeol treatment, p53 induced Bax expression and activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (as measured by Caspase-3 cleavage). Interestingly, Lupeol was also found to trigger G1 cell cycle arrest through up-regulation of the expression of CDKN2A, but not p21, resulting in inhibition of CyclinD1. In an ex vivo platform Lupeol was found to impart a potent antitumor response as defined by inhibition of Ki67 expression, decreased cell viability and concomitant activation (cleavage) of Caspase-3. Finally, we found that Lupeol can re-sensitize primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor samples that had clinically progressed under a Cisplatin treatment regimen. CONCLUSION Together, our data indicate that Lupeol may orchestrate a bifurcated regulation of neoplastic growth and apoptosis in head and neck cancers and may serve as a promising agent for the management of tumors that have progressed on a platinum-based treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Vasanthakumar Sekar
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, 202, Narayana Nethralaya, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Biswanath Majumder
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, 202, Narayana Nethralaya, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Debapriya G Mehrotra
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, 202, Narayana Nethralaya, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Samir Banerjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Anup K Bhowmick
- Department of ENT, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Gautam K Mandal
- Department of Pathology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Jaydip Biswas
- Department of Translation Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | | | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Ye Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, You L, Abbasi AM. Harnessing food-based bioactive compounds to reduce the effects of ultraviolet radiation: a review exploring the link between food and human health. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Environmental Sciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT); Park Road ChakShahzad Islamabad 22060 Pakistan
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GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in different extracts of an endemic plant Broussonetia luzonica (Blanco) (Moraceae) leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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41
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Hu Z, Fan H, Lv G, Zhou Q, Yang B, Zheng J, Cao W. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy induces anti-tumor effects in malignant melanoma via p53-miR-34a-Sirt1 axis. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Xu S, Yang Z, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Li H, Liu X, Xu D, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li D, Xia J. Increased levels of β-catenin, LEF-1, and HPA-1 correlate with poor prognosis for acral melanoma with negative BRAF and NRAS mutation in BRAF exons 11 and 15 and NRAS exons 1 and 2. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:69-77. [PMID: 25343173 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the expression of β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1 (LEF-1), and heparanase-1 (HPA-1) and to evaluate these proteins' potential prognostic values in malignant acral melanoma without mutations in BRAF exons 11 and 15 and NRAS exons 1 and 2, specimens from 90 patients with wild-type BRAF and NRAS were assessed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The positive expression of β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1, and heparanase-1 was observed in 36 (72%), 31 (62%), and 32 (64%) of the detected acral melanomas, respectively. The expression of β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1, and heparanase-1 was not correlated with gender, age, or diseased body parts (p>0.05), but was significantly positively correlated with the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and metastasis (correlation=0.406 and 0.716, 0.397 and 0.582, 0.353 and 0.579; p=0.040 and 0.0001, 0.0040 and 0.0001, 0.0120 and 0.0001, respectively). We also observed that the increased expression of β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1, and heparanase-1 was significantly correlated with decreased survival and poor prognosis (p=0.001, 0.010, and 0.023, respectively). A multifactorial analysis using Cox's regression model revealed that β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1, heparanase-1, and the TNM stage were all independent factors in malignant melanoma (risk ratios were 7.294, 5.550, 5.622, and 4.794; p-values were 0.007, 0.018, 0.018, and 0.029, respectively). This study may provide the basis for the use of β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer-binding protein-1, and heparanase-1 as novel targets in the treatment of malignant invasion and metastasis in acral melanoma cancer. The expression of β-catenin, LEF-1, and HPA-1 was assessed and compared in malignant melanoma with that of peritumoral tissue and benign nevus in the patients with negative mutations in BRAF exons 11 and 15 and NRAS exons 1 and 2. The study may provide the basis for β-catenin, LEF-1, and HPA-1 as new targets in the treatment of malignant invasion and metastasis in melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanxiong Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Yang H, Liu C, Zhang YQ, Ge LT, Chen J, Jia XQ, Gu RX, Sun Y, Sun WD. Ilexgenin A induces B16-F10 melanoma cell G1/S arrest in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jin Y, Lyu Y, Tang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng D, Liang Y. Lupeol enhances radiosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro and in vivo. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:202-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.966209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Strickland LR, Pal HC, Elmets CA, Afaq F. Targeting drivers of melanoma with synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:20-35. [PMID: 25597784 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer, but it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Traditional therapeutics and immunomodulatory agents have not shown much efficacy against metastatic melanoma. Agents that target the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway - the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib - have increased survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Further, the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib has been shown to be superior to single agent therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, resistance to these agents develops rapidly. Studies of additional agents and combinations targeting the MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PI3K), c-kit, and other signaling pathways are currently underway. Furthermore, studies of phytochemicals have yielded promising results against proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis by targeting signaling pathways with established roles in melanomagenesis. The relatively low toxicities of phytochemicals make their adjuvant use an attractive treatment option. The need for improved efficacy of current melanoma treatments calls for further investigation of each of these strategies. In this review, we will discuss synthetic small molecule inhibitors, combined therapies and current progress in the development of phytochemical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Ray Strickland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Harish Chandra Pal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Qi M, Liu D, Zhang S, Hu P, Sang T. Inhibition of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated p27 degradation suppresses tumorigenesis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3934-40. [PMID: 25572801 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the protein expression of S‑phase kinase‑associated protein 2 (Skp2) and p27kip1, and to evaluate their possible prognostic values in malignant liver cancer, tissue samples from 50 patients and 40 controls were assessed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Positive expression of Skp2 was observed in 35 (70.0%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples; however, the positive expression of p27kip1 was observed in 6 (15.0%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma samples. The expression of Skp2 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of p27 (P<0.01). The results from Annexin V‑propidium iodide staining and MTT assays indicated that interference of Skp2 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of SSMC‑7721 cells. In addition, the levels of endogenous p27 increased in the HepG2 and SSMC‑7721 cells following transfection with siRNA specific to Skp2, suggesting that the Skp2‑mediated degradation of p27kip1 was important in the proliferation of tumor cells. The present study, therefore, provided a molecular reference for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Transfusion Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Peixin Hu
- Department of Digestive System, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Tan Sang
- Department of Hematology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Behbahani M. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of Ocimum basilicum, Alhagi maurorum, Calendula officinalis and their parasite Cuscuta campestris. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116049. [PMID: 25548920 PMCID: PMC4280134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the relationship between presence of cytotoxic compounds in Ocimum basilicum, Alhagi maurorum, Calendula officinalis and their parasite Cuscuta campestris. The cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds was performed by MTT assay against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal breast cell line (MCF 10A). The induction of apoptosis was measured by the expression levels of p53, bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 genes using quantitative Real Time PCR. Three active fractions were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance as lutein, lupeol and eugenol, respectively, in C. officinalis, A. maurorum and O. basilicum. These compounds and their epoxidized forms were also detected in their parasite C. campestris. The cytotoxic activity of lutein epoxide, lupeol epoxide and eugenol epoxide was significantly more than lutein, lupeol and eugenol. The mRNA expression level of p53, caspase-3 and bax genes were increased in both cancer cells treated with all pure compounds. However, bcl-2 gene expression decreased in treated breast cancer cells. In conclusion, all the data indicated that the epoxide forms of lupeol, lutein and eugenol are potential drug candidates for inducing apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Behbahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
- * E-mail:
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Yokoe I, Azuma K, Hata K, Mukaiyama T, Goto T, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Itoh N, Murahata Y, Osaki T, Minami S, Okamoto Y. Clinical systemic lupeol administration for canine oral malignant melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:89-92. [PMID: 25469276 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor in dogs. Lupeol is a triterpene extracted from various fruits and vegetables that reportedly inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of subcutaneous lupeol for spontaneous COMM was evaluated. A total of 11 dogs (3, 5 and 3 dogs diagnosed with clinical stage I, II and III melanoma, respectively) were evaluated. Subcutaneous lupeol (10 mg/kg) was administered postoperatively at various time points to treat these 11 COMM cases. Of the 11 subjects, 7 exhibited no local recurrence 180 days postoperatively and no severe adverse effects were observed in any of the cases. Furthermore, no distant metastasis was observed during the experimental period. Therefore, systemic lupeol may prevent local tumor progression and distant metastasis and may be a novel adjuvant treatment for the treatment of COMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoru Yokoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Goto
- Sakamoto Bio Co., Ltd., Yuuwa-Memeki, Akita 010-1233, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Norihiko Itoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murahata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Saburo Minami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Yu HP, Qi ST, Feng WF, Zhang GZ, Zhang HP, Tian JJ. Interference of Notch 2 inhibits the progression of gliomas and induces cell apoptosis by induction of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:734-8. [PMID: 25338527 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The Notch signaling pathway is often aberrantly activated in glioma cells. In order to determine the expression of Notch 2 and to evaluate its possible prognostic value in malignant glioblastoma, specimens from 32 patients and 20 controls were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of Notch 2 in the glioma tissues was significantly higher compared with that in the normal brain tissues (P<0.01). Subsequently, endogenous Notch 2 interference was effectively performed by specific small hairpin (sh)RNA in the glioma cancer cell line U251. The results from an MTT assay and from Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining indicated that interference of Notch 2 significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of U251 cells. In addition, the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry and the results revealed that Notch 2 shRNA induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in U251 cells. Additionally, proteins associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation were detected using western blot analysis. The data demonstrated that the expression of P21, cyclin D and phosphorylated retinoblastoma was significantly inhibited in the Notch 2 shRNA-transfected U251 cells. The results of the present study provide further insights into the effects of Notch 2 and a molecular reference for brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Song-Tao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - He-Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Chemical investigation of the medicinal and ornamental plant Angelonia angustifolia Benth. reveals therapeutic quantities of lupeol. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:174-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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