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Radaelli S, Merlini A, Khan M, Gronchi A. Progress in histology specific treatments in soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:845-868. [PMID: 39099398 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2384584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors, primarily treated with surgery. Preoperative radiotherapy is often recommended for extremity high-risk STS. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, typically based on doxorubicin with ifosfamide, has shown efficacy in limbs and trunk wall STS. Second-line chemotherapy, commonly utilized in the metastatic setting, is mostly histology-driven. Molecular targeted agents are used across various histologies, and although the use of immunotherapy in STS is still in its early stages, there is increasing interest in exploring its potential. AREAS COVERED This article involved an extensive recent search on PubMed. It explored the current treatment landscape for localized and metastatic STS, focusing on the combined use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for both extremity and retroperitoneal tumors, and with a particular emphasis on the most innovative histopathology driven therapeutic approaches. Additionally, ongoing clinical trials identified via clinicaltrials.gov are included. EXPERT OPINION Recently there have been advancements in the treatment of STS, largely driven by the outcomes of clinical trials. However further research is imperative to comprehend the effect of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy in various STS, as well as to identify biomarkers able to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Radaelli
- Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Merlini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Misbah Khan
- Surgery, East Sussex NHS Healthcare, East Sussex, UK
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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2
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Schuetze S, Rothe M, Mangat PK, Garrett-Mayer E, Meric-Bernstam F, Calfa CJ, Farrington LC, Livingston MB, Wentzel K, Behl D, Kier Y, Marr AS, von Mehren M, Press JZ, Thota R, Grantham GN, Gregory A, Hinshaw DC, Halabi S, Schilsky RL. Palbociclib in Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma With CDK4 Amplifications: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2400219. [PMID: 39013131 DOI: 10.1200/po.24.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with soft tissue sarcoma with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) amplification treated with palbociclib are reported. METHODS Eligible patients had measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, adequate organ function, and no standard treatment options. The primary end point was disease control (DC), defined as objective response (OR) or stable disease (SD) of at least 16+ weeks duration (SD16+) according to RECIST v1.1. The DC rate was estimated with a 90% CI. Secondary end points included OR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response, duration of SD, and safety. RESULTS Forty-two patients with CDK4 amplification were enrolled. One patient was not evaluable for efficacy. One patient with partial response and 18 with SD16+ were observed for DC and OR rates of 46% (90% CI, 36 to 100) and 2% (95% CI, <1 to 13), respectively. Median PFS was 16 weeks (95% CI, 9 to 28) and median OS was 69 weeks (95% CI, 31 to 111) for evaluable patients. Twenty patients had at least one grade 3 to 4 adverse event (AE) at least possibly related to palbociclib, including alanine aminotransferase increase, anemia, fatigue, hypophosphatemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. No serious AEs were reported. CONCLUSION Palbociclib met prespecified criteria to declare a signal of antitumor activity in patients with sarcoma and CDK4 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Schuetze
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Rothe
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Pam K Mangat
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | - Carmen J Calfa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Kristopher Wentzel
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, A Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deepti Behl
- Sutter Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Yelena Kier
- Cancer Research Consortium of West Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI
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M S A, K C, Bhargavan RV, Somanathan T, Subhadradevi L. An overview on liposarcoma subtypes: Genetic alterations and recent advances in therapeutic strategies. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:227-240. [PMID: 38696048 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare malignancy of adipocytic differentiation. According to World Health Organization classification, LPS comprises of four principle subtypes Atypical lipomatous tumor/Well-differentiated liposarcoma (ATL/WDLPS), Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), and Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS). Each subtype can develop at any location and shows distinct clinical behavior and treatment sensitivity. ATL/ WDLPS subtype has a higher incidence rate, low recurrence, and is insensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. DDLPS is the focal progression of WDLPS, which is aggressive and highly metastasizing. MLPS is sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, with a higher recurrence rate and metastasis. PLPS subtype is highly metastasizing, has a poor prognosis, and exhibiting higher recurrence rate. Initial histological analysis provides information for the characterization of LPS subtypes', further molecular and genetic analysis provides certain subtype specifications, such as gene amplifications and gene fusions. Such molecular genetic alterations will be useful as therapeutic targets in various cancers, including the LPS subtypes. A wide range of novel therapeutic agents based on genetic alterations that aim to target LPS subtypes specifically are under investigation. This review summarizes the LPS subtype classification, their molecular genetic characteristics, and the implications of genetic alterations in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju M S
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Chandramohan K
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Rexeena V Bhargavan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhadradevi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Wakefield C, Hornick JL. Update on immunohistochemistry in bone and soft tissue tumors: Cost-effectively replacing molecular testing with immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol 2024; 147:58-71. [PMID: 38135060 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors form part of a challenging domain in diagnostic pathology owing to their comparative rarity, astonishing histologic diversity, and overlap between entities. Many of these tumors are now known to be defined by highly recurrent, or, in some instances, unique molecular alterations. Insights from gene profiling continue to elucidate the wider molecular landscape of soft tissue tumors; many of these advances have been co-opted by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for diagnostic applications. There now exists a multitude of antibodies serving as surrogate markers of recurrent gene fusions, amplifications, and point mutations, which, in certain settings, can replace the need for more resource and time-intensive cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses. IHC presents many advantages including rapid turnaround time, cost-effectiveness, and interpretative reproducibility. A sensible application of these immunohistochemical markers complemented by a working knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of bone and soft tissue tumors permits accurate diagnosis in the majority of cases. In this review, we will outline some of these biomarkers while emphasizing molecular correlates and highlighting interpretative challenges and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Sun H, Shang J, Liu X, Ren S, Hu S, Wang X. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3a promotes the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma through regulating cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:432. [PMID: 38589831 PMCID: PMC11003032 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients suffer relapse after standard treatment. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) is a key player in the initial stage of translation, which has been widely reported to be correlated with tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. This study aimed to explore the biological role of eIF3a, evaluate its prognostic and therapeutic potential in DLBCL. METHODS RNA-seq datasets from GEO database were utilized to detect the expression and prognostic role of eIF3a in DLBCL patients. Protein level of eIF3a was estimated by western blot and immunohistochemical. Next, DLBCL cells were transfected with lentiviral vector either eIF3a-knockdown or empty to assess the biological role of eIF3a. Then, samples were divided into 2 clusters based on eIF3a expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Function enrichment and mutation analysis of DEGs were employed to detect potential biological roles. Moreover, we also applied pan-cancer and chemosensitivity analysis for deep exploration. RESULTS eIF3a expression was found to be higher in DLBCL than healthy controls, which was associated with worse prognosis. The expression of eIF3a protein was significantly increased in DLBCL cell lines compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. eIF3a knockdown inhibited the proliferation of DLBCL cells and the expression of proliferation-related proteins and increase cell apoptosis rate. Besides, 114 DEGs were identified which had a close linkage to cell cycle and tumor immune. eIF3a and DEGs mutations were found to be correlated to chemosensitivity and vital signal pathways. Pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that high eIF3a expression was associated with worse prognosis in several tumors. Moreover, eIF3a expression was found to be related to chemosensitivity of several anti-tumor drugs in DLBCL, including Vincristine and Wee1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS We firstly revealed the high expression and prognostic role of eIF3a in DLBCL, and eIF3a might promote the development of DLBCL through regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. eIF3a expression was related to immune profile and chemosensitivity in DLBCL. These results suggest that eIF3a could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hematology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Juanjuan Shang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital, 255016, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Dermawan JK, Rubin BP. The spectrum and significance of secondary (co-occurring) genetic alterations in sarcomas: the hallmarks of sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2023; 260:637-648. [PMID: 37345731 DOI: 10.1002/path.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue tumors are generally classified into complex karyotype sarcomas versus those with recurrent genetic alterations, often in the form of gene fusions. In this review, we provide an overview of important co-occurring genomic alterations, organized by biological mechanisms and covering a spectrum of genomic alteration types: mutations (single-nucleotide variations or indels) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, copy number alterations, transcriptomic signatures, genomic complexity indices (e.g. CINSARC), and complex genomic structural variants. We discuss the biological and prognostic roles of these so-called secondary or co-occurring alterations, arguing that recognition and detection of these alterations may be significant for our understanding and management of mesenchymal tumors. On a related note, we also discuss major recurrent alterations in so-called complex karyotype sarcomas. These secondary alterations are essential to sarcomagenesis via a variety of mechanisms, such as inactivation of tumor suppressors, activation of proliferative signal transduction, telomere maintenance, and aberrant regulation of epigenomic/chromatin remodeling players. The use of comprehensive genomic profiling, including targeted next-generation sequencing panels or whole-exome sequencing, may be incorporated into clinical workflows to offer more comprehensive, potentially clinically actionable information. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sun SY, Crago A. MDM2 Implications for Potential Molecular Pathogenic Therapies of Soft-Tissue Tumors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3638. [PMID: 37297833 PMCID: PMC10253559 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2, gene name MDM2) is an oncogene that mainly codes for a protein that acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets the tumor suppressor protein p53 for degradation. Overexpression of MDM2 regulates the p53 protein levels by binding to it and promoting its degradation by the 26S proteasome. This leads to the inhibition of p53's ability to regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis, allowing for uncontrolled cell growth, and can contribute to the development of soft-tissue tumors. The application of cellular stress leads to changes in the binding of MDM2 to p53, which prevents MDM2 from degrading p53. This results in an increase in p53 levels, which triggers either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Inhibiting the function of MDM2 has been identified as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating these types of tumors. By blocking the activity of MDM2, p53 function can be restored, potentially leading to tumor cell death and inhibiting the growth of tumors. However, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of MDM2 inhibition for the treatment of soft-tissue tumors and to determine the safety and efficacy of these therapies in clinical trials. An overview of key milestones and potential uses of MDM2 research is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Yao Sun
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 618 St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aimee Crago
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St M 404, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Cheung AHK, Hui CHL, Wong KY, Liu X, Chen B, Kang W, To KF. Out of the cycle: Impact of cell cycle aberrations on cancer metabolism and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1510-1525. [PMID: 36093588 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of cell cycle inhibitors has necessitated a better understanding of the cell cycle in tumor biology to optimize the therapeutic approach. Cell cycle aberrations are common in cancers, and it is increasingly acknowledged that these aberrations exert oncogenic effects beyond the cell cycle. Multiple facets such as cancer metabolism, immunity and metastasis are also affected, all of which are beyond the effect of cell proliferation alone. This review comprehensively summarized the important recent findings and advances in these interrelated processes. In cancer metabolism, cell cycle regulators can modulate various pathways in aerobic glycolysis, glucose uptake and gluconeogenesis, mainly through transcriptional regulation and kinase activities. Amino acid metabolism is also regulated through cell cycle progression. On cancer metastasis, metabolic plasticity, immune evasion, tumor microenvironment adaptation and metastatic site colonization are intricately related to the cell cycle, with distinct regulatory mechanisms at each step of invasion and dissemination. Throughout the synthesis of current understanding, knowledge gaps and limitations in the literature are also highlighted, as are new therapeutic approaches such as combinational therapy and challenges in tackling emerging targeted therapy resistance. A greater understanding of how the cell cycle modulates diverse aspects of cancer biology can hopefully shed light on identifying new molecular targets by harnessing the vast potential of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Ho-Lam Hui
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kit Yee Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Choi JH, Ro JY. The Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065934. [PMID: 36983010 PMCID: PMC10051446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors with divergent differentiation. The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is challenging for pathologists owing to the diversity of tumor types and histological overlap among the tumor entities. Present-day understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of soft tissue tumors has rapidly increased with the development of molecular genetic techniques (e.g., next-generation sequencing). Additionally, immunohistochemical markers that serve as surrogate markers for recurrent translocations in soft tissue tumors have been developed. This review aims to provide an update on recently described molecular findings and relevant novel immunohistochemical markers in selected soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Shaikh A, Wesner AA, Abuhattab M, Kutty RG, Premnath P. Cell cycle regulators and bone: development and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 36810262 PMCID: PMC9942316 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators act as inhibitors or activators to prevent cancerogenesis. It has also been established that they can play an active role in differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, and other cell processes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated a role for cell cycle regulators in bone healing/development cascade. We demonstrated that deletion of p21, a cell cycle regulator acting at the G1/S transition enhanced bone repair capacity after a burr-hole injury in the proximal tibia of mice. Similarly, another study has shown that inhibition of p27 can increase bone mineral density and bone formation. Here, we provide a concise review of cell cycle regulators that influence cells like osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, during development and/or healing of bone. It is imperative to understand the regulatory processes that govern cell cycle during bone healing and development as this will pave the way to develop novel therapies to improve bone healing after injury in instances of aged or osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Shaikh
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Austin A. Wesner
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Mohanad Abuhattab
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Raman G. Kutty
- Department of Internal Medicine, White River Health System, Batesville, AR USA
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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11
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Merlini A, Pavese V, Manessi G, Rabino M, Tolomeo F, Aliberti S, D’Ambrosio L, Grignani G. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in sarcoma treatment: Current perspectives and future directions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1095219. [PMID: 36741019 PMCID: PMC9893281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1095219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of advanced/metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcomas still represents an unmet medical need. Recent advances in targeted therapies have highlighted the potential of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors in several cancer types, including sarcomas. CDKs are master regulators of the cell cycle; their dysregulation is listed among the "hallmarks of cancer" and sarcomas are no exception to the rule. In this review, we report both the molecular basis, and the potential therapeutic implications for the use of CDK inhibitors in sarcoma treatment. What is more, we describe and discuss the possibility and biological rationale for combination therapies with conventional treatments, target therapy and immunotherapy, highlighting potential avenues for future research to integrate CDK inhibition in sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Merlini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Turin, Italy,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pavese
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Manessi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Rabino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Lorenzo D’Ambrosio,
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12
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Wang Y, Wang G, Zheng H, Liu J, Ma G, Huang G, Song Q, Du J. Distinct gene mutation profiles among multiple and single primary lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12. [PMID: 36531058 PMCID: PMC9755731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of technologies, multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has been detected more frequently. Although large-scale genomics studies have made significant progress, the aberrant gene mutation in MPLC is largely unclear. In this study, 141 and 44 lesions from single and multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma (SP- and MP-LUAD) were analyzed. DNA and RNA were extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and sequenced by using the next-generation sequencing-based YuanSu450TM gene panel. We systematically analyzed the clinical features and gene mutations of these lesions, and found that there were six genes differently mutated in MP-LUAD and SP-LUAD lesions, including RBM10, CDK4, ATRX, NTRK1, PREX2, SS18. Data from the cBioPortal database indicated that mutation of these genes was related to some clinical characteristics, such as TMB, tumor type, et al. Besides, heterogeneity analysis suggested that different lesions could be tracked back to monophyletic relationships. We compared the mutation landscape of MP-LUAD and SP-LUAD and identified six differentially mutated genes (RBM10, CDK4, ATRX, NTRK1, PREX2, SS18), and certain SNV loci in TP53 and EGFR which might play key roles in lineage decomposition in multifocal samples. These findings may provide insight into personalized prognosis prediction and new therapies for MP-LUAD patients.
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Traweek RS, Cope BM, Roland CL, Keung EZ, Nassif EF, Erstad DJ. Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006959. [PMID: 36439412 PMCID: PMC9684653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an aggressive adipogenic cancer with poor prognosis. DDLPS tumors are only modestly sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Genetically, DDLPS is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden and frequent chromosomal structural abnormalities including amplification of the 12q13-15 chromosomal region and the MDM2 gene, which are defining features of DDLPS. The MDM2 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor, p53, for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 amplification or overexpression in human malignancies is associated with cell-cycle progression and worse prognosis. The MDM2-p53 interaction has thus garnered interest as a therapeutic target for DDLPS and other malignancies. MDM2 binds p53 via a hydrophobic protein interaction that is easily accessible with synthetic analogues. Multiple agents have been developed, including Nutlins such as RG7112 and small molecular inhibitors including SAR405838 and HDM201. Preclinical in vitro and animal models have shown promising results with MDM2 inhibition, resulting in robust p53 reactivation and cancer cell death. However, multiple early-phase clinical trials have failed to show a benefit with MDM2 pathway inhibition for DDLPS. Mechanisms of resistance are being elucidated, and novel inhibitors and combination therapies are currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of these strategies for targeting MDM2 in DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S. Traweek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon M. Cope
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Update of Pediatric Lipomatous Lesions: A Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Overview. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071938. [PMID: 35407546 PMCID: PMC8999862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipomatous neoplasms are a rare entity in the pediatric population, comprising less than 10% of soft tissue tumors in the first two decades of life. Some characteristics of pediatric adipocytic tumors are analogous to their adult counterparts, some pediatric lipomatous lesions however harbor unique features. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and hence in the classification and treatment of pediatric adipocytic tumors. This literature-based article will provide a review of the presently known clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of pediatric lipomatous lesions.
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The clinical significance of perioperative inflammatory index as a prognostic factor for patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1093-1100. [PMID: 35319075 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic factors of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have been explored but not yet certain. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of various preoperative clinical parameters and inflammatory indices in primary STS, with a particular focus on the transition of inflammatory index before and after tumor resection in de-differentiated liposarcoma (DD-LPS). METHODS The clinical data of 113 patients with primary retroperitoneal STS receiving tumor resection were reviewed. Six variables (neutrophils, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, albumin, and hemoglobin) in the blood samples were measured and nine inflammatory indices (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-albumin ratio (NAR), CRP-albumin ratio (CAR), platelet-albumin ratio (PAR), HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS)) were calculated. The prognostic value of the indices was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Elevated NLR, CLR, PLR, NAR, CAR, PAR, and mGPS were associated with a worse overall survival (p = 0.0124, 0.0011, 0.049, 0.0047, 0.0085, 0.0332, and 0.0086, respectively) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated CLR and DD-LPS were associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.0267 and 0.0218, respectively) in all retroperitoneal STS. In DD-LPD, patients with preoperative high CLR, whose postoperative CLR was normalized, demonstrated a favorable survival rate similar to those with preoperative low CLR. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CLR before surgery as well as DD-LPS were poor prognostic markers for overall survival in primary retroperitoneal STS. Perioperative CLR normalization may be related to a favorable prognosis in DD-LPS.
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16
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Targetable Pathways in the Treatment of Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061362. [PMID: 35326514 PMCID: PMC8946646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most prevalent soft tissue sarcoma histological subtype. When it occurs in the abdomen the overall survival rate is as low as 10% at 10 years and is fraught with high rates of recurrence, particularly for the more aggressive dedifferentiated subtype. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Systemic therapies for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable disease have low response rates. Deep understanding of well-differentiated and de-differentiated LPS (WDLPS and DDLPS, respectively) oncologic drivers is necessary for the development of new efficacious targeted therapies for the management of this disease. This review discusses the current treatments under evaluation for retroperitoneal DDLPS and the potential targetable pathways in DDLPS.
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Hsu JY, Seligson ND, Hays JL, Miles WO, Chen JL. Clinical Utility of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Sarcoma: Successes and Future Challenges. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100211. [PMID: 35108033 PMCID: PMC8820917 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are rare malignancies that exhibit significant pathologic and molecular heterogeneity. Deregulation of the CDKN2A-CCND-CDK4/6-retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) pathway is frequently observed in about 25% of unselected sarcomas and is pathognomonic for specific sarcoma subtypes. This genomic specificity has fueled the clinical evaluation of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcomas. Here, we highlight successes, opportunities, and future challenges for using CDK4/6 inhibitors to treat sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review summarizes the current evidence for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcoma while identifying molecular rationale and predictive biomarkers that provide the foundation for targeting the CDK4/6 pathway in sarcoma. A systematic review was performed of articles indexed in the PubMed database and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov). For each sarcoma subtype, we discuss the preclinical rationale, case reports, and available clinical trials data. RESULTS Despite promising clinical outcomes in a subset of sarcomas, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors results in highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Current clinical data support the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in subsets of sarcoma primarily driven by CDK4/6 deregulation. When dysregulation of the Rb pathway is a secondary driver of sarcoma, combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition may be an option. Developing strategies to identify responders and the mechanisms that drive resistance is important to maximize the clinical utility of these drugs in patients with sarcoma. Potential biomarkers that indicate CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity in sarcoma include CDK4, CCND, CCNE, RB1, E2F1, and CDKN2A. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a major breakthrough for targeted cancer treatment. CDK4/6 inhibitor use in sarcoma has led to limited, but significant, early clinical success. Targeted future clinical research will be key to unlocking the potential of CDK4/6 inhibition in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Y. Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathan D. Seligson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John L. Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wayne O. Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James L. Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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18
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Le Nail LR, Crenn V, Rosset P, Ropars M. Management of adipose tumors in the limbs. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103162. [PMID: 34863958 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tumors of the limbs are the most common soft tissue lesions and are essentially benign (lipomas). However, in some cases, they can be considered as tumors with intermediate malignancy (atypical lipomatous tumor [ALT]) or sarcoma lineage (liposarcoma [LS]). The essential work-up for a potential adipose tumor consists of a clinical examination and initial ultrasound imaging to determine the size (more or less than 5 cm), the location (over or under the fascia) and any potential atypical vascularization. As needed, MRI will complete the assessment and validate the ultrasound results and confirm the fatty nature of the lesion. Percutaneous biopsy will be done when a deep fatty lesion is larger than 5 cm (long axis), with detection by amplification of the MDM2 gene that guides the diagnosis towards ALT or dedifferentiated LS. Superficial lesions without atypia are not challenging from a surgical point of view. However, large ALT can be more difficult to manage. Their local malignancy does not justify sacrificing any critical structures. As for true LS, their treatment is well defined, with tumor excision addressed at a center belonging to the Network of Sarcomas Reference Centers in France (NETSARC+) and for potential (neo)adjuvant treatment if needed. Inappropriate treatment of a malignant tumor can have serious consequences (loss of chance to survive or to be cured) for the patient. Furthermore, treatment at a specialized cancer center has been proven to be effective as it improves overall survival and reduces local recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Romée Le Nail
- Réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire des tumeurs de l'appareil locomoteur, service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, faculté de médecine de Tours, université de Tours, Tours, France; Réseau HUGORTHO : réseau des services de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique adulte et enfant des hôpitaux universitaires du Grand Ouest, France.
| | - Vincent Crenn
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, faculté de médecine, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; Réseau HUGORTHO : réseau des services de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique adulte et enfant des hôpitaux universitaires du Grand Ouest, France
| | - Philippe Rosset
- Réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire des tumeurs de l'appareil locomoteur, service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, faculté de médecine de Tours, université de Tours, Tours, France; Réseau HUGORTHO : réseau des services de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique adulte et enfant des hôpitaux universitaires du Grand Ouest, France
| | - Mickaël Ropars
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU Pontchaillou, université de Rennes 1, rue Henri-Le-Guillou, 35033 Rennes, France; Réseau HUGORTHO : réseau des services de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique adulte et enfant des hôpitaux universitaires du Grand Ouest, France
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Tanriverdi O, Yildiz A. Current molecular and therapeutic advances in liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:635-645. [PMID: 35043739 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211073139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas probably develop after malignant transformation of embryonic mesenchymal cells and have broad spectrum histopathologically since they can develop from striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, fat and fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage and other mesenchymal tissues. The most common histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma in adults are: liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Molecular and genetic studies of soft tissue sarcomas, which are considered as heterogeneous groups in terms of their molecular and clinical characteristics, are still an important area of interest The heterogeneity of the molecular and genetic alterations of these malignancies, which are mostly treated with surgery and chemotherapy, also offers hope to the researchers in terms of treatment targets. In this article, molecular biologic features of the soft tissue sarcomas including liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma are discussed in the light of recent developments in molecular biology, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 175646Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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20
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Thway K. What’s new in adipocytic neoplasia? Histopathology 2021; 80:76-97. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit Royal Marsden Hospital London UK
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21
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Abdul Razak AR, Bauer S, Suarez C, Lin CC, Quek R, Hütter-Krönke ML, Cubedo R, Ferretti S, Guerreiro N, Jullion A, Orlando EJ, Clementi G, Sand Dejmek J, Halilovic E, Fabre C, Blay JY, Italiano A. Co-Targeting of MDM2 and CDK4/6 with Siremadlin and Ribociclib for the Treatment of Patients with Well-Differentiated or Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Results From a Proof-of-Concept, Phase Ib Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:1087-1097. [PMID: 34921024 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Well-differentiated (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated (DDLPS) liposarcoma are characterized by co-amplification of the murine double minute-2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) oncogenes. Siremadlin, a p53-MDM2 inhibitor, was combined with ribociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, in patients with locally advanced/metastatic WDLPS or DDLPS who had radiologically progressed on, or despite, prior systemic therapy. METHODS In this proof-of-concept, phase Ib, dose-escalation study, patients received siremadlin and ribociclib across different regimens until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, and/or treatment discontinuation: Regimen A (4-week cycle: siremadlin once daily [QD] and ribociclib QD, [2 weeks on, 2 weeks off]); Regimen B (3-week cycle: siremadlin once every 3 weeks; ribociclib QD [2 weeks on, 1 week off]); Regimen C (4-week cycle: siremadlin once every 4 weeks; ribociclib QD [2 weeks on, 2 weeks off]). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended dose for expansion (RDE) of siremadlin plus ribociclib in one or more regimens. RESULTS As of 16 October 2019 (last patient last visit), 74 patients had enrolled. Median duration of exposure was 13 (range, 1-174) weeks. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in 10 patients, most of which were Grade 3/4 hematologic events. The RDE was siremadlin 120 mg every 3 weeks plus ribociclib 200 mg QD (Regimen B). Three patients achieved a partial response, and 38 achieved stable disease. One patient (Regimen C) died as a result of treatment-related hematotoxicity. CONCLUSION Siremadlin plus ribociclib demonstrated manageable toxicity and early signs of antitumor activity in patients with advanced WDLPS or DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany; DKTK partner site Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cubedo
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda
| | | | | | | | | | - Giorgia Clementi
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Medecine, Centre Leon Bérard, Univ Claude Bernard, Unicancer
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22
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Identification of Key Genes Associated with Progression and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235931. [PMID: 34885040 PMCID: PMC8656554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high recurrence rates. The current prognostication depends on tumor stage and grade and there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can distinguish between progressive versus non-progressive disease. We have identified a 3-gene signature panel having prognostic value in bladder cancer, which could aid in clinical decision making. Abstract Bladder cancer prognosis remains dismal due to lack of appropriate biomarkers that can predict its progression. The study aims to identify novel prognostic biomarkers associated with the progression of bladder cancer by utilizing three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1516 DEGs were identified between non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer specimens. To identify genes of prognostic value, we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A total of seven genes, including CDKN2A, CDC20, CTSV, FOXM1, MAGEA6, KRT23, and S100A9 were confirmed with strong prognostic values in bladder cancer and validated by qRT-PCR conducted in various human bladder cancer cells representing stage-specific disease progression. ULCAN, human protein atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were used to confirm the predictive value of these genes in bladder cancer progression. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox hazard ratio analysis were performed to determine the prognostic role of these genes. Univariate analysis performed on a validation set identified a 3-panel gene set viz. CDKN2A, CTSV and FOXM1 with 95.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity in predicting bladder cancer progression. In summary, our study screened and confirmed a 3-panel biomarker that could accurately predict the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Pei J, Flieder DB, Talarchek JN, Cooper HS, Patchefsky AS, Wei S. Clinical Application of Chromosome Microarray Analysis in the Diagnosis of Lipomatous Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:592-598. [PMID: 33734108 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipomatous tumor (WDLS/ALT) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) have characteristic supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes involving the chromosomal region 12q13-15 which contains MDM2 (12q15), CDK4 (12q14.1), HMGA2 (12q14.3), YEATS4 (12q15), CPM (12q15), and FRS2 (12q15). Detecting MDM2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of WDLS/ALT and DDLS. In this study, formalin fixed paraffin embedded clinical specimens (16 liposarcomas and 19 benign lipomatous tumors) were used to detect MDM2 amplification and other chromosomal alterations in WDLS/ALT and DDLS by single nucleotide polymorphism-based chromosome microarray (CMA). All 16 liposarcomas showed MDM2 amplification with a MDM2/cep12 ratio from 2.4 to 8.4 by CMA. Ten (62.5%) of these cases had CDK4/cep12 ratio ≥2.0. All the cases without CDK4 amplification were from the thigh. The MDM2/cep12 ratio of all the benign lipomatous tumors (19/19) was within the normal limits. Twenty-one of the 35 benign lipomatous tumors and liposarcomas were also tested for MDM2 amplification by FISH. All the FISH results were consistent with the CMA results (100%). Along with MDM2 amplification, all 16 liposarcomas (100%) also showed amplification of YEATS4, CPM and FRS2. Only 11 of 16 (69%) cases showed HMGA2 amplification. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CMA on routine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue is a sensitive and specific clinical test for detection of MDM2 gene amplification. Moreover, CMA allows simultaneous detection of genomic changes of interest including CDK4 and others, which provides enriched information for diagnosing lipomatous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Pei
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Nishio J, Nakayama S, Nabeshima K, Yamamoto T. Biology and Management of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: State of the Art and Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3230. [PMID: 34362013 PMCID: PMC8348700 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) is defined as the transition from well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) to non-lipogenic sarcoma, which arises mostly in the retroperitoneum and deep soft tissue of proximal extremities. It is characterized by a supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes, both of which contain amplified sequences of 12q13-15 including murinedouble minute 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) cell cycle oncogenes. Detection of MDM2 (and/or CDK4) amplification serves to distinguish DDL from other undifferentiated sarcomas. Recently, CTDSP1/2-DNM3OS fusion genes have been identified in a subset of DDL. However, the genetic events associated with dedifferentiation of WDL/ALT remain to be clarified. The standard treatment for localized DDL is surgery, with or without radiotherapy. In advanced disease, the standard first-line therapy is an anthracycline-based regimen, with either single-agent anthracycline or anthracycline in combination with the alkylating agent ifosfamide. Unfortunately, this regimen has not necessarily led to a satisfactory clinical outcome. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of DDL may allow for the development of more-effective innovative therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, histopathology and treatment of DDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Shizuhide Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Takuaki Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.N.); (T.Y.)
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Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Orbit: Three Cases and Review of the Literature. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:S134-S140. [PMID: 32991496 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors present 3 patients from this retrospective case series to review the clinical findings, imaging, pathology, and treatment of orbital atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. Pathology of biopsy specimens ranged from spindle cell proliferations mimicking neurofibroma to proliferations of well-differentiated adipocytes. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for murine double minute 2 in 1 case, and fluorescent in situ hybridization showed amplification of murine double minute 2 in 2 cases. Treatments ranged from serial debulking, proton beam irradiation, and exenteration. None of the patients developed metastases. A literature review supported the low-grade nature of this lesion. Orbital atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma is a low-grade, indolent liposarcoma that may be locally invasive. The histologic diagnosis is enhanced with immunohistochemical staining for murine double minute 2 and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis for amplification of murine double minute 2. Although treatment may vary according to the individual, conservative therapies may be attempted prior to radical surgery.
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26
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Lu J, Wood D, Ingley E, Koks S, Wong D. Update on genomic and molecular landscapes of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3637-3647. [PMID: 33893924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is the most frequent subtype of liposarcoma and may transform into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) which is a more aggressive subtype. Retroperitoneal lesions of WDLPS/DDLPS tend to recur repeatedly due to incomplete resections, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have little effect on patient survival. Consequently, identifying therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs is critical for improving the outcome of WDLPS/DDLPS patients. In this review, we summarised the mutational landscape of WDLPS/DDLPS from recent studies focusing on potential oncogenic drivers and the development of molecular targeted drugs for DDLPS. Due to the limited number of studies on the molecular networks driving WDLPS to DDLPS development, we looked at other dedifferentiation-related tumours to identify potential parallel mechanisms that could be involved in the dedifferentiation process generating DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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27
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Xu L, Xie X, Shi X, Zhang P, Liu A, Wang J, Zhang B. Potential application of genomic profiling for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 33747210 PMCID: PMC7967939 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies arising at various locations in the soft tissue and bone. Though a rare disease, sarcoma affects ~200,000 patients worldwide every year. The prognosis of patients with sarcoma is poor, and targeted therapy options are limited; therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification are essential for effective treatment. Sarcoma samples were acquired from 199 patients, in which TP53 (39.70%, 79/199), CDKN2A (19.10%, 38/199), CDKN2B (15.08%, 30/199), KIT (14.07%, 28/199), ATRX (10.05%, 20/199) and RB1 (10.05%, 20/199) were identified as the most commonly mutated genes (>10% incidence). Among 64 soft-tissue sarcomas that were unclassified by immunohistochemistry, 15 (23.44%, 15/64) were subsequently classified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). For the most part, the sarcoma subtypes were evenly distributed between male and female patients, while a significant association with sex was detected in leiomyosarcomas. Statistical analysis showed that osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and liposarcoma were all significantly associated with the patient age, and that angiosarcoma was significantly associated with high tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, serially mutated genes associated with myxofibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were identified, as well as neurotrophic tropomyosin-related kinase (NTRK) fusions of IRF2BP2-NTRK1, MEF2A-NTRK3 and ITFG1-NTRK3. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that NGS-targeting provides potential new biomarkers for sarcoma diagnosis, and may guide more precise therapeutic strategies for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Angen Liu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line, NCC-DDLPS2-C1, derived from a patient with dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Hum Cell 2021; 34:990-997. [PMID: 33555519 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly aggressive subtype of liposarcoma that is histologically a transition form between an atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and a non-lipogenic sarcoma. DDLPS is genetically characterized by a complex karyotype with copy number variations and genomic complexity. DDLPS has a poor prognosis, a high local recurrence rate, and refractory behaviors for chemotherapy and radiation, which indicate a requirement for a novel therapeutic strategy for better clinical outcomes. We report here, a novel DDLPS cell line (NCC-DDLPS2-C1) developed from a tumor tissue. NCC-DDLPS2-C1 cells showed an amplified 12q13-15 region and exhibited constant growth, spheroid formation, and invasion. High-throughput drug screening revealed distinct sensitivity between monolayer- and three-dimensional cells. Romidepsin and trabectedin especially showed high anti-proliferative effects in both culture methods of NCC-DDLPS2-C1. Thus, the NCC-DDLPS2-C1 cell line may serve as a useful resource for DDLPS studies.
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29
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Yuan K, Wang X, Dong H, Min W, Hao H, Yang P. Selective inhibition of CDK4/6: A safe and effective strategy for developing anticancer drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:30-54. [PMID: 33532179 PMCID: PMC7838032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustained cell proliferation resulting from dysregulation of the cell cycle and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is a hallmark of cancer. The inhibition of CDKs is a highly promising and attractive strategy for the development of anticancer drugs. In particular, third-generation CDK inhibitors can selectively inhibit CDK4/6 and regulate the cell cycle by suppressing the G1 to S phase transition, exhibiting a perfect balance between anticancer efficacy and general toxicity. To date, three selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and 15 CDK4/6 inhibitors are in clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. In this perspective, we discuss the crucial roles of CDK4/6 in regulating the cell cycle and cancer cells, analyze the rationale for selectively inhibiting CDK4/6 for cancer treatment, review the latest advances in highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitors with different chemical scaffolds, explain the mechanisms associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance and describe solutions to overcome this issue, and briefly introduce proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), a new and revolutionary technique used to degrade CDK4/6.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- CDK4/6
- CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases
- CIP/KIP, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1/kinase inhibitory protein
- CKIs, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
- CPU, China Pharmaceutical University
- CRPC, castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Cancer
- Cell cycle
- Drug resistance
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FLT, fms-like tyrosine kinase
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- INK4, inhibitors of CDK4
- JAK, janus kinase
- MCL, mantle cell lymphoma
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, overall response rates
- PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase
- PR, progesterone receptor
- PROTAC
- PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimera
- RB, retinoblastoma protein
- SPH, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd.
- STATs, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- Selectivity
- UNISA, University of South Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Tamkus S, Gusho CA, Colman MW, Miller I, Gitelis S, Blank AT. A single institutional experience treating adipocytic tumors: incidence, disease-related outcomes, and the clinical significance of MDM2 analysis. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2020; 12:8818. [PMID: 33312490 PMCID: PMC7726827 DOI: 10.4081/or.2020.8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytic tumors exist either as a benign or malignant form. The benign variant, lipoma, is composed of normal fat tissue. Lipomas typically develop from superficial fat cells beneath the skin or mucous membranes. Liposarcoma, the malignant counterpart, often develops in deeper tissues and is the most commonly diagnosed Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS), comprising at least 20% of adult STS. However, malignant tumors of fatty origin exist as a spectrum of diagnoses, each carrying a unique risk of recurrence, metastasis, and longterm survival. The World Health Organization classifies liposarcomas into five categories: i) Atypical Lipomatous Tumors/Well Differentiated (ALT/WD); Ii) Dedifferentiated (ALT/DD); Iii) Myxoid; Iv) Round cell; and v) Pleomorphic. Lipomatous tumors often exhibit different immunohistochemical patterns. Benign lipomas are distinguished by the absence of Murine Double-Minute 2 (MDM2) amplification. Similarly, ALT/WD, classically defined as a low-grade and locally aggressive tumor, demonstrates consistent patterns of MDM2 amplification. Some studies suggest 10% of ALT/WD progress to the highgrade DD form, with others report a dedifferentiation rate of as high as 20% for primary ALT/WD based on location. The ALT/DD subtype is aggressive and has a high capacity to metastasize. While the mechanism of pathogenesis of ALT/DD metastasis is unknown, previous studies suggest that increased MDM2 amplification may play a role. This study sought to evaluate a single institutional experience treating the entire spectrum of lipomatous tumors and describe utilization patterns of MDM2 testing. The group hypothesized: i) Atypical Lipomatous Tumors (ALT), which include ALT/DD and ALT/WD, would exhibit a higher rate of local recurrence than lipomas with no significantly increased incidence of metastases; and ii) at least 50% of our MDM2 testing of ALT would prove positive for the MDM2 overamplification. This study retrospectively reviewed 105 cases (66 lipomas, 27 ALTs, 12 liposarcomas) of patients who underwent lipomatous tumor excision at our institution from 2013 to 2017. Twenty-five tumors (6 lipomas, 18 ALT, 1 liposarcoma) were tested for MDM2 amplification. Three of the tested tumors recurred (2 ALT, 1 liposarcoma), and each exhibited MDM2 overamplification. Five tumors (5 liposarcoma) developed late metastases. These data suggest that although ALT is associated with a higher rate of local recurrence, metastases are quite rare. Additionally, the data demonstrate a high rate of positive MDM2 testing (76%) based on clinical and imaging characteristics of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saule Tamkus
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center; and Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles A Gusho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center; and Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew W Colman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center; and Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL
| | - Ira Miller
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center at Rush, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Gitelis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center; and Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL
| | - Alan T Blank
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center; and Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL
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31
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Zhou L, Liu R, Liang X, Zhang S, Bi W, Yang M, He Y, Jin J, Li S, Yang X, Fu J, Zhang P. lncRNA RP11-624L4.1 Is Associated with Unfavorable Prognosis and Promotes Proliferation via the CDK4/6-Cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 Pathway in NPC. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1025-1039. [PMID: 33078086 PMCID: PMC7558227 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in southern China and southeast Asia. Emerging evidence revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might play important roles in the development and progression of many cancers, including NPC. The functions and mechanisms of the vast majority of lncRNAs involved in NPC remain unknown. In this study, a novel lncRNA RP11-624L4.1 was identified in NPC tissues using next-generation sequencing. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to analyze the correlation between RP11-624L4.1 expression and the clinicopathological features or prognosis in NPC patients. RNA-Protein Interaction Prediction (RPISeq) predictions and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to identify RP11-624L4.1's interactions with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). As a result, we found that RP11-624L4.1 is hyper-expressed in NPC tissues, which was associated with unfavorable prognosis and clinicopathological features in NPC. By knocking down and overexpressing RP11-624L4.1, we also found that it promotes the proliferation ability of NPC in vitro and in vivo through the CDK4/6-Cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway. Overexpression of CDK4 in knocking down RP11-624L4.1 cells can partially rescue NPC promotion, indicating its role in the RP11-624L4.1-CDK4/6-Cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway. Taken together, RP11-624L4.1 is required for NPC unfavorable prognosis and proliferation through the CDK4/6-Cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway, which may be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wu Bi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jin Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Corresponding author: Junjiang Fu, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- Corresponding author: Pengfei Zhang, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
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Tsuchiya R, Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sei A, Takeshita F, Sugaya J, Fukushima S, Yoshida A, Ohtori S, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of NCC-DDLPS1-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Hum Cell 2020; 34:260-270. [PMID: 32949334 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the four subtypes of liposarcomas; it is characterized by the amplification of the 12q13-15 region, which includes MDM2 and CDK4 genes. DDLPS has an extremely high local recurrence rate and is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation, which leads to poor prognosis. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy should be urgently established for improving the prognosis of DDLPS. Although patient-derived cell lines are important tools for basic research, there are no DDLPS cell lines available from public cell banks. Here, we report the establishment of a novel DDLPS cell line. Using the surgically resected tumor tissue from a patient with DDLPS, we established a cell line and named it NCC-DDLPS1-C1. The NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cells contained 12q13-15, 1p32, and 1q23 amplicons and highly expressed MDM2 and CDK4 proteins. NCC-DDLPS-C1 cells exhibited constant growth, spheroid formation, aggressive invasion, and tumorigenesis in mice. By screening a drug library, we identified that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cells. We concluded that the NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cell line may serve as a useful tool for basic and pre-clinical studies of DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akane Sei
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Sugaya
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukushima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: An Update on the Diagnostic Pathology Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090642. [PMID: 32867125 PMCID: PMC7555595 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal sarcomas are a heterogenous group of rare tumors arising in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal sarcomas comprise approximately 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Though any soft tissue sarcoma histologic types may arise in the retroperitoneal space, liposarcoma (especially well-differentiated and dedifferentiated types) and leiomyosarcoma do so most commonly. Retroperitoneal sarcomas are diagnostically challenging, owing to their diversity and morphological overlap with other tumors arising in the retroperitoneum. An accurate diagnosis is necessary for correct management and prognostication. Herein, we provide an update on the diagnostic approach to retroperitoneal sarcomas and review their key histologic findings and differential diagnoses.
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Tyler R, Wanigasooriya K, Taniere P, Almond M, Ford S, Desai A, Beggs A. A review of retroperitoneal liposarcoma genomics. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102013. [PMID: 32278233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal liposarcomas are rare tumours that carry a poorer prognosis than their extremity counterparts. Within their subtypes - well differentiated (WDL), dedifferentiated (DDL), myxoid (MLS) and pleomorphic (PLS) - they exhibit a diverse genomic landscape. With recent advances in next generation sequencing, the number of studies exploring this have greatly increased. The recent literature has deepened our understanding of the hallmark MDM2/CDK4 amplification in WDL/DDL and addressed concerns about toxicity and resistance when targeting this. The FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene remains the primary focus of interest in MLS with additional potential targets described. Whole genome sequencing has driven identification of novel genes and pathways implicated in WDL/DDL outside of the classic 12q13-15 amplicon. Due to their rarity; anatomical location and histologic subtype are infrequently mentioned when reporting the results of these studies. Reports can include non-adipogenic or extremity tumours, making it difficult to draw specific retroperitoneal conclusions. This narrative review aims to provide a summary of retroperitoneal liposarcoma genomics and the implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tyler
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Kasun Wanigasooriya
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippe Taniere
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Max Almond
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel Ford
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Anant Desai
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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35
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Feroce F, Cantile M, Aquino G, Collina F, Scognamiglio G, Castaldo L, Perdonà S, Botti G, De Chiara A. Molecular characterization of a bladder pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult patient. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153033. [PMID: 32703497 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) is a rare but highly aggressive soft tissue tumor, accounting for 3% of soft tissue sarcomas. PRMS is the most frequent subtype of RMS in adulthood and it is mainly located in the large muscles of the extremities, particularly the lower limbs and the trunk, more rarely in other locations especially in the bladder. At our knowledge, only six cases of adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder have been reported in the literature. In this study, we report a case of PRMS of bladder with a very poor prognosis. In fact, the patient died a month after surgery. The tumor was characterized by poorly differentiated, medium-sized sometimes rhabdoid cells, mixed with large-sized and pleomorphic elements with evident anisonucleosis, and with large areas of necrosis. We used an extensive immunohistochemical panel to exclude other tumors much more frequently reported at this site. The positivity for myogenic markers such as actin, desmin, myogenin and MyoD1 allowed the correct diagnosis. Furthermore, since preliminary studies highlighted a series of specific molecular alterations in PMRS cell lines, we analyzed a panel of specific mutations and gene rearrangements by RT-PCR and FISH methods. We showed a copy gains of CCND1 and MALT genes in our samples, suggesting an accurate molecular characterization of PRMS to establish a better management of patients and new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Feroce
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Uro-Gynecological Department, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Uro-Gynecological Department, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarosaria De Chiara
- Pathology Unit, Istituto nazionale tumori-irccs-fondazione g. pascale, Naples, Italy
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36
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Integrated exome and RNA sequencing of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5683. [PMID: 31831742 PMCID: PMC6908635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic characteristics of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) that are associated with clinical features remain to be identified. Here, we conduct integrated whole exome and RNA sequencing analysis in 115 DDLPS tumors and perform comparative genomic analysis of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components from eight DDLPS samples. Several somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), including the gain of 12q15, are identified as frequent genomic alterations. CTDSP1/2-DNM3OS fusion genes are identified in a subset of DDLPS tumors. Based on the association of SCNAs with clinical features, the DDLPS tumors are clustered into three groups. This clustering can predict the clinical outcome independently. The comparative analysis between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components identify two categories of genomic alterations: shared alterations, associated with tumorigenesis, and dedifferentiated-specific alterations, associated with malignant transformation. This large-scale genomic analysis reveals the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of DDLPS and provides insights that could contribute to the refinement of DDLPS management. Understanding the genomic features of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is likely to uncover new options for management. Here, the authors reveal three prognostic groups, and highlight molecular markers associated with malignant transformation.
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37
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Wardelmann E, Hartmann W. [Tumors with predominantly adipocytic morphology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 40:339-352. [PMID: 31240452 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 20% of soft-tissue tumors belong to the group of adipocytic neoplasms. Difficulties may occur in the differential diagnosis of lipomas versus atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas, in the distinction of dedifferentiated liposarcomas from other soft-tissue sarcoma entities and in the detailed subtyping of liposarcomas. Especially in biopsies, the correct diagnosis and grading may be hampered due to limited tissue. Because of the ever-increasing molecular-pathological knowledge of soft-tissue tumors and the rising distribution of molecular diagnostic assays in institutes of pathology, differential diagnosis has been facilitated, as more than 90% of adipocytic tumors carry more or less specific genomic alterations. In the following, the most important subtypes of adipocytic tumors are described morphologically and genomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude D17, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.,Sektion für Translationale Pathologie, Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
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38
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McCann JL, Klein MM, Leland EM, Law EK, Brown WL, Salamango DJ, Harris RS. The DNA deaminase APOBEC3B interacts with the cell-cycle protein CDK4 and disrupts CDK4-mediated nuclear import of Cyclin D1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12099-12111. [PMID: 31217276 PMCID: PMC6690700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit-like protein 3B (APOBEC3B or A3B), as other APOBEC3 members, is a single-stranded (ss)DNA cytosine deaminase with antiviral activity. A3B is also overexpressed in multiple tumor types, such as carcinomas of the bladder, cervix, lung, head/neck, and breast. A3B generates both dispersed and clustered C-to-T and C-to-G mutations in intrinsically preferred trinucleotide motifs (TCA/TCG/TCT). A3B-catalyzed mutations are likely to promote tumor evolution and cancer progression and, as such, are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, little is known about cellular processes that regulate A3B. Here, we used a proteomics approach involving affinity purification coupled to MS with human 293T cells to identify cellular proteins that interact with A3B. This approach revealed a specific interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). We validated and mapped this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Functional studies and immunofluorescence microscopy experiments in multiple cell lines revealed that A3B is not a substrate for CDK4-Cyclin D1 phosphorylation nor is its deaminase activity modulated. Instead, we found that A3B is capable of disrupting the CDK4-dependent nuclear import of Cyclin D1. We propose that this interaction may favor a more potent antiviral response and simultaneously facilitate cancer mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McCann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Madeline M Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Evelyn M Leland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Emily K Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - William L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Daniel J Salamango
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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39
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Lee MY, da Silva B, Ramirez DC, Maki RG. Novel HMGA2-YAP1 fusion gene in aggressive angiomyxoma. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/5/e227475. [PMID: 31142482 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a 44-year-old woman with locally advanced aggressive angiomyxoma with a novel translocation high-mobility group AT-hook 2-yes-associated protein 1 (HMGA2-YAP1) fusion, implying a t(11;12)(q22.1;q14.3) translocation. She was started on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist injection and an aromatase inhibitor for persistent disease, which responded to treatment; she was subsequently treated with radiation before a more definitive operation was conducted. This case report indicates that HGMA2-YAP1-translocated aggressive angiomyxoma is responsive to oestrogen antagonism and hopefully will allow for the development of diagnostics useful for this rare but often morbid neoplasm. This case also highlights the importance of appropriate workup of a soft tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA
| | - Brandon da Silva
- Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Ramirez
- Pathology, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA.,Pathology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
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40
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Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/atypical lipomatous tumor and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) together comprise the largest subgroup of liposarcomas, and constitute a histologic and behavioral spectrum of one disease. WDL and DDL typically occur in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL closely resembles mature adipose tissue, but typically shows fibrous septation with variable nuclear atypia and enlargement. WDL does not metastasize, but can dedifferentiate to DDL, which is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior, with a greater propensity for local recurrence and the capacity for metastasis. Although distant metastasis is rarer in DDL compared with other pleomorphic sarcomas, behavior is related to location, with a significantly worse outcome in retroperitoneal tumors. DDL typically has the appearance of undifferentiated pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcoma, and is usually a non-lipogenic sarcoma that is adjacent to WDL, occurs as a recurrence of WDL or which can arise de novo. WDL and DDL share similar background genetic aberrations; both are associated with high-level amplifications in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region, which includes the CDK4 and MDM2 cell cycle oncogenes. In addition, DDL harbor further genetic changes, particularly 6q23 and 1p32 coamplifications. While surgical excision remains the treatment mainstay with limited medical options for patients with aggressive recurrent disease or metastases, novel targeted therapies towards the gene products of chromosome 12 are being evaluated. This review summarizes the pathology of WDL and DDL, discussing morphology, immunohistochemistry, genetics and the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom.
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41
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Abstract
Adipocytic neoplasms include a diversity of both benign tumors (lipomas) and malignancies (liposarcomas), and each tumor type is characterized by its own unique molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Work over the past 30 years has established the diagnostic utility of several of these characteristic molecular alterations (e.g. MDM2 amplification in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, FUS/EWSR1-DDIT3 gene fusions in myxoid liposarcoma, RB1 loss in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma). More recent studies have focused on additional molecular alterations which may have therapeutic or prognostic impact. This review will summarize several of the important molecular findings in adipocytic tumors that have been described over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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42
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Abstract
Myxoid adipocytic tumors encompass a broad heterogeneous group of benign and malignant adipocytic tumors, which are typically myxoid (e.g. myxoid liposarcoma, lipoblastoma and lipoblastoma-like tumor of the vulva) or may occasionally appear predominantly myxoid (e.g. pleomorphic liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, chondroid lipoma, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma, atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor and atypical pleomorphic lipomatous tumor). There have been significant advances in recent years in classification and understanding the pathogenesis of adipocytic tumors, based on the correlation of histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic/molecular findings. Despite these advances, the morphologic diagnosis and accurate classification of a myxoid adipocytic tumor can be challenging due to major morphologic overlap between myxoid adipocytic and non-adipocytic tumors. This article will provide a review on the currently known morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of myxoid adipocytic tumors and their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; CRIG, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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43
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Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 in transformed human mesenchymal stem cells causes high-grade sarcoma with a dedifferentiated liposarcoma-like morphology. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1309-1320. [PMID: 31160689 PMCID: PMC6760642 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 are well-known diagnostic criteria for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Although it was reported that the depletion of MDM2 or CDK4 decreased proliferation in DDLPS cell lines, whether MDM2 and CDK4 induce WDLPS/DDLPS tumorigenesis remains unclear. We examined whether MDM2 and/or CDK4 cause WDLPS/DDLPS, using two types of transformed human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), 2H and 5H, with five oncogenic hits (overexpression of hTERT, TP53 degradation, RB inactivation, c-MYC stabilization, and overexpression of HRASv12). In vitro functional experiments revealed that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 plays a key role in tumorigenesis by increasing cell growth and migration and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation potency when compared with the sole expression of MDM2 or CDK4. Using mouse xenograft models, we found that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 in 5H cells with five additional oncogenic mutations can cause proliferative sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in vivo. Our results suggest that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4, along with multiple genetic factors, increases the tendency for high-grade sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in transformed human BMSCs by accelerating their growth and migration and blocking their adipogenic potential.
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44
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Kim J, Kim JH, Kang HG, Park SY, Yu JY, Lee EY, Oh SE, Kim YH, Yun T, Park C, Cho SY, You HJ. Integrated molecular characterization of adult soft tissue sarcoma for therapeutic targets. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:216. [PMID: 30598078 PMCID: PMC6311917 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the molecular drivers and therapeutic targets in adult soft tissue sarcomas. However, such studies are limited by the genomic heterogeneity and rarity of sarcomas, particularly in those with complex and unbalanced karyotypes. Additional biomarkers are needed across sarcoma types to improve therapeutic strategies. To investigate the molecular characteristics of complex karyotype sarcomas (CKSs) for therapeutic targets, we performed genomic profiling. Results The mutational landscape showed that TP53, ATRX, and PTEN genes were highly mutated. CKS samples were categorized into three groups based on copy number variations that were associated with CDK4 and RB1 signatures. Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data revealed several pathways related to PDGFR, which could be a strategic target for anti-sarcoma therapy. Conclusions This study provides a detailed molecular classification of CKSs and proposes several therapeutic targets. Targeted or combinational therapies for treating CKS should be considered before chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0722-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Seog Yun Park
- Division of Pathology, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Yu
- Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Oh
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Rare Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- Rare Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.
| | - Hye Jin You
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea. .,Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.
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45
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Hofvander J, Viklund B, Isaksson A, Brosjö O, Vult von Steyern F, Rissler P, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Different patterns of clonal evolution among different sarcoma subtypes followed for up to 25 years. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3662. [PMID: 30201954 PMCID: PMC6131146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare clonal evolution in tumors arising through different mechanisms, we selected three types of sarcoma-amplicon-driven well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS), gene fusion-driven myxoid liposarcoma (MLS), and sarcomas with complex genomes (CXS)-and assessed the dynamics of chromosome and nucleotide level mutations by cytogenetics, SNP array analysis and whole-exome sequencing. Here we show that the extensive single-cell variation in WDLS has minor impact on clonal key amplicons in chromosome 12. In addition, only a few of the single nucleotide variants in WDLS were present in more than one lesion, suggesting that such mutations are of little significance in tumor development. MLS displays few mutations other than the FUS-DDIT3 fusion, and the primary tumor is genetically sometimes much more complex than its relapses, whereas CXS in general shows a gradual increase of both nucleotide- and chromosome-level mutations, similar to what has been described in carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Viklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Isaksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Otte Brosjö
- Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Mandahl
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
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46
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Hoang NT, Acevedo LA, Mann MJ, Tolani B. A review of soft-tissue sarcomas: translation of biological advances into treatment measures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1089-1114. [PMID: 29785138 PMCID: PMC5955018 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s159641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from connective tissues and have an overall incidence of about five per 100,000 per year. While this diverse family of malignancies comprises over 100 histological subtypes and many molecular aberrations are prevalent within specific sarcomas, very few are therapeutically targeted. Instead of utilizing molecular signatures, first-line sarcoma treatment options are still limited to traditional surgery and chemotherapy, and many of the latter remain largely ineffective and are plagued by disease resistance. Currently, the mechanism of sarcoma oncogenesis remains largely unknown, thus necessitating a better understanding of pathogenesis. Although substantial progress has not occurred with molecularly targeted therapies over the past 30 years, increased knowledge about sarcoma biology could lead to new and more effective treatment strategies to move the field forward. Here, we discuss biological advances in the core molecular determinants in some of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas - liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma - with an emphasis on emerging genomic and molecular pathway targets and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to combat this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc T Hoang
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Acevedo
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mann
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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47
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Clarifying the Distinction Between Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor and Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:656-664. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Jing W, Lan T, Chen H, Zhang Z, Chen M, Peng R, He X, Zhang H. Amplification of FRS2 in atypical lipomatous tumour/well-differentiated liposarcoma and de-differentiated liposarcoma: a clinicopathological and genetic study of 146 cases. Histopathology 2018; 72:1145-1155. [PMID: 29368794 DOI: 10.1111/his.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of FRS2 amplification and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/de-differentiated liposarcoma (DDL). METHODS AND RESULTS FRS2 and MDM2 fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed on 146 tumours (70 ALT/WDLs and 76 DDLs). One hundred and eight control samples were included for FRS2 analysis. FRS2 amplification was detected in 136 of 146 (93.2%) ALT/WDL/DDLs, including 63 ALT/WDLs and 73 DDLs. A higher FRS2/CEP12 ratio was observed in DDLs than in ALT/WDLs (P = 0.0005). The FRS2/CEP12 ratio of peripheral tumours was lower than that of central tumours (P = 0.00004). All the ALT/WDL/DDLs showed MDM2 amplification (100%). The MDM2+ /FRS2- series included seven ALT/WDLs and three DDLs. Four of seven (57.1%) MDM2+ /FRS2- ALT/WDLs occurred in peripheral sites, slightly higher than the percentage of MDM2+ /FRS2+ ALT/WDLs (28 of 63, 44.4%). All the three MDM2+ /FRS2- DDLs (100%) were peripheral tumours, a much higher proportion than that of MDM2+ /FRS2+ DDLs (10 of 73, 13.7%). A high percentage of homologous pleomorphic liposarcoma-like DDLs (two of three) were observed in the MDM2+ /FRS2- group. In the control group all the parosteal osteosarcomas (five of five, 100%) were FRS2 amplified, whereas the remaining 103 samples were FRS2 non-amplified. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that FRS2 is amplified consistently in ALT/WDL/DDLs and offer another avenue for the investigation of the biology of this tumour group. MDM2+ /FRS2- cases seem to be associated with certain clinicopathological features, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Jing
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Grünewald I, Trautmann M, Busch A, Bauer L, Huss S, Schweinshaupt P, Vollbrecht C, Odenthal M, Quaas A, Büttner R, Meyer MF, Beutner D, Hüttenbrink KB, Wardelmann E, Stenner M, Hartmann W. MDM2 and CDK4 amplifications are rare events in salivary duct carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75261-75272. [PMID: 27662657 PMCID: PMC5342738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands associated with poor clinical outcome. SDCs are known to carry TP53 mutations in about 50%, however, only little is known about alternative pathogenic mechanisms within the p53 regulatory network. Particularly, data on alterations of the oncogenes MDM2 and CDK4 located in the chromosomal region 12q13-15 are limited in SDC, while genomic rearrangements of the adjacent HMGA2 gene locus are well documented in subsets of SDCs. We here analyzed the mutational status of the TP53 gene, genomic amplification of MDM2, CDK4 and HMGA2 rearrangement/amplification as well as protein expression of TP53 (p53), MDM2 and CDK4 in 51 de novo and ex pleomorphic adenoma SDCs. 25 of 51 cases were found to carry TP53 mutations, associated with extreme positive immunohistochemical p53 staining levels in 13 cases. Three out of 51 tumors had an MDM2 amplification, one of them coinciding with a CDK4 amplification and two with a HMGA2 rearrangement/amplification. Two of the MDM2 amplifications occurred in the setting of a TP53 mutation. Two out of 51 cases showed a CDK4 amplification, one synchronously being MDM2 amplified and the other one displaying concurrent low copy number increases of both, MDM2 and HMGA2. In summary, we here show that subgroups of SDCs display genomic amplifications of MDM2 and/or CDK4, partly in association with TP53 mutations and rearrangement/amplification of HMGA2. Further research is necessary to clarify the role of chromosomal region 12q13-15 alterations in SDC tumorigenesis and their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Grünewald
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alina Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Larissa Bauer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz F Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Stenner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Preclinical evaluation of potential therapeutic targets in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54583-54595. [PMID: 27409346 PMCID: PMC5342366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare cancers with limited treatment options. Patients are generally treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in combination with surgery, and would benefit from new personalized approaches. In this study we demonstrate the potential of combining personal genomic characterization of patient tumors to identify targetable mutations with in vitro testing of specific drugs in patient-derived cell lines. We have analyzed three metastases from a patient with high-grade metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) by exome and transcriptome sequencing as well as DNA copy number analysis. Genomic aberrations of several potentially targetable genes, including amplification of KITLG and FRS2, in addition to amplification of CDK4 and MDM2, characteristic of this disease, were identified. We evaluated the efficacy of drugs targeting these aberrations or the corresponding signaling pathways in a cell line derived from the patient. Interestingly, the pan-FGFR inhibitor NVP-BGJ398, which targets FGFR upstream of FRS2, strongly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and induced an accumulation of cells into the G0 phase of the cell cycle. This study indicates that FGFR inhibitors have therapeutic potential in the treatment of DDLPS with amplified FRS2.
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