1
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Balic M, Creighton CJ. An essential gene signature of breast cancer metastasis reveals targetable pathways. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:98. [PMID: 38867323 PMCID: PMC11167932 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential gene expression profile of metastatic versus primary breast tumors represents an avenue for discovering new or underappreciated pathways underscoring processes of metastasis. However, as tumor biopsy samples are a mixture of cancer and non-cancer cells, most differentially expressed genes in metastases would represent confounders involving sample biopsy site rather than cancer cell biology. METHODS By paired analysis, we defined a top set of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer metastasis versus primary tumors using an RNA-sequencing dataset of 152 patients from The Breast International Group Aiming to Understand the Molecular Aberrations dataset (BIG-AURORA). To filter the genes higher in metastasis for genes essential for breast cancer proliferation, we incorporated CRISPR-based data from breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS A significant fraction of genes with higher expression in metastasis versus paired primary were essential by CRISPR. These 264 genes represented an essential signature of breast cancer metastasis. In contrast, nonessential metastasis genes largely involved tumor biopsy site. The essential signature predicted breast cancer patient outcome based on primary tumor expression patterns. Pathways underlying the essential signature included proteasome degradation, the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and cancer metabolic reprogramming. Transcription factors MYC, MAX, HDAC3, and HCFC1 each bound significant fractions of essential genes. CONCLUSIONS Associations involving the essential gene signature of breast cancer metastasis indicate true biological changes intrinsic to cancer cells, with important implications for applying existing therapies or developing alternate therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS305, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS305, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Unit for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS305, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Chan PF, Ang KP, Hamid RA. Cytotoxicity of bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives by promoting a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway and suppressing MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell invasion. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:217-241. [PMID: 38369679 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that the bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivative, bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate (1) exhibited greater cytotoxicity while inducing apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in MCF-7 cells. We further evaluated the other bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives, Bi[S2CNR]3, with R = (CH2CH2OH)(iPr), (CH2)4, and (CH2CH2OH)(CH3), denoted as 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in the same MCF-7 cell line. 2-4 were found to exhibit IC50 values of 10.33 ± 0.06 µM, 1.07 ± 0.01 µM and 25.37 ± 0.12 µM, respectively, compared to that of cisplatin at 30.53 ± 0.23 µM. Apoptotic promotion via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway was due to the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotion of caspases, release of cytochrome c, fragmentation of DNA, and results of staining assay observed in all compound-treated cells. 2-4 are also capable of suppressing MCF-7 cell invasion and modulate Lys-48 also Lys-63 linked polyubiquitination, leading to proteasomal degradation. Analysis of gene expression via qRT-PCR revealed their modulation, which supported all activities conducted upon treatment with 2-4. Altogether, bismuth dithiocarbamate derivatives, with bismuth(III) as the metal center bound to ligands, isopropyl ethanol, pyrrolidine, and methyl ethanol dithiocarbamate, are potential anti-breast cancer agents that induce apoptosis and suppress metastasis. Further studies using other breast cancer cell lines and in vivo studies are recommended to clarify the anticancer effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Foong Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Lee Q, Song R, Phan DAV, Pinello N, Tieng J, Su A, Halstead JM, Wong ACH, van Geldermalsen M, Lee BSL, Rong B, Cook KM, Larance M, Liu R, Lan F, Tiffen JC, Wong JJL. Overexpression of VIRMA confers vulnerability to breast cancers via the m 6A-dependent regulation of unfolded protein response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:157. [PMID: 37208522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Virilizer-like m6A methyltransferase-associated protein (VIRMA) maintains the stability of the m6A writer complex. Although VIRMA is critical for RNA m6A deposition, the impact of aberrant VIRMA expression in human diseases remains unclear. We show that VIRMA is amplified and overexpressed in 15-20% of breast cancers. Of the two known VIRMA isoforms, the nuclear-enriched full-length but not the cytoplasmic-localised N-terminal VIRMA promotes m6A-dependent breast tumourigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we reveal that VIRMA overexpression upregulates the m6A-modified long non-coding RNA, NEAT1, which contributes to breast cancer cell growth. We also show that VIRMA overexpression enriches m6A on transcripts that regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway but does not promote their translation to activate the UPR under optimal growth conditions. Under stressful conditions that are often present in tumour microenvironments, VIRMA-overexpressing cells display enhanced UPR and increased susceptibility to death. Our study identifies oncogenic VIRMA overexpression as a vulnerability that may be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Lee
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Renhua Song
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dang Anh Vu Phan
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Natalia Pinello
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica Tieng
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anni Su
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James M Halstead
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alex C H Wong
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bob S-L Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Bowen Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kristina M Cook
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fei Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jessamy C Tiffen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- , Locked Bag 6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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Yang W, Pan Q, Huang F, Hu H, Shao Z. Research progress of bone metastases: From disease recognition to clinical practice. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1105745. [PMID: 36761418 PMCID: PMC9905420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases, as one of the common types of metastatic tumors, have a great impact on the survival period and quality of life of patients. Bone metastases are usually characterized by bone destruction. Skeletal related events caused by bone destruction often lead to pain, pathological fractures and even paralysis. In this review, we provide a detailed explanation of bone metastases from the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and recently developed clinical treatment viewpoints. We concluded that the incidence of bone metastases is increasing gradually, with serious clinical symptoms, complex pathogenesis and diverse clinical treatment. Tumor cells, immune cells, osteoblasts/osteoclasts and other cells as well as cytokines and enzymes all play a key role in the pathogenesis of bone metastases. We believe that the future treatment of bone metastases will be diversified and comprehensive. Some advanced technologies, such as nanomedicine, could be used for treatment, but this depends on understanding how disease occurs. With the development of treatment, the survival time and quality of life of patients will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongzhi Hu
- *Correspondence: Hongzhi Hu, ; Zengwu Shao,
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5
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Xu J, Wu H, Sun J, Gong Z, Lu X, Yang E, Chen Z, Huang S, Nong X, Zhang D. The anti-tumor effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 for human adenoid cystic carcinoma: correlate with the emerging role of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Head Face Med 2022; 18:15. [PMID: 35524269 PMCID: PMC9074179 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. Moreover, the unique biological characteristics and complex structures of ACC contribute to its poor survival rates. Recently, proteasome inhibitors have been shown to elicit satisfactory therapeutic effects in the treatment of certain solid tumors, but few studies have been implemented to investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitor therapy for ACC. METHODS In this present study, cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to examine the effects of proteasome inhibitor (MG132) on cell viability and apoptosis. We applied western blot and immunofluorescence staining to explore the expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and P62, additionally Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was utilized to evaluate the role of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in MG132-induced cell apoptosis. RESULTS Our data indicated that MG132 significantly suppressed the growth of ACC-83 cells(MG132 10µM P = 0.0046; 40µM P = 0.0033; 70µM P = 0.0007 versus control) and induced apoptosis (MG132 10µM P = 0.0458; 40µM P = 0.0018; 70µM P = 0.0087 versus control). The application of MG132 induced the up-regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the therapeutic effects of MG132 for ACC (both ML385 + MG132 10µM P = 0.0013; 40µM P = 0.0057; 70µM P = 0.0003 versus MG132). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that proteasome inhibitors MG132 could inhibit the cell viability and induce the apoptosis of ACC through Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 530000, Nanning, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Jiatong Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Enli Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 530000, Nanning, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China.
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Pagnotti GM, Trivedi T, Mohammad KS. Translational Strategies to Target Metastatic Bone Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1309. [PMID: 35455987 PMCID: PMC9030480 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease is a common and devastating complication to cancer, confounding treatments and recovery efforts and presenting a significant barrier to de-escalating the adverse outcomes associated with disease progression. Despite significant advances in the field, bone metastases remain presently incurable and contribute heavily to cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms associated with metastatic bone disease perpetuation and paralleled disruption of bone remodeling are highlighted to convey how they provide the foundation for therapeutic targets to stem disease escalation. The focus of this review aims to describe the preclinical modeling and diagnostic evaluation of metastatic bone disease as well as discuss the range of therapeutic modalities used clinically and how they may impact skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Pagnotti
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Trupti Trivedi
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Khalid S. Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Altundag EM, Yilmaz AM, Sahin A, Yilmaz BK. Combination of second-generation proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib with Bortezomib in four different breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2909-2918. [PMID: 35352669 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220329175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome inhibitors target different pathways in cells and therefore are promising drugs in cancer therapy. The use of these inhibitors is approved mainly in hematological cancers, and recently many clinical trials and preclinical studies are running for efficacy in solid tumors. Carfilzomib is a second generation inhibitor and developed to decrease the side effects of bortezomib. Although there are many valid therapies in breast cancer, resistance and recurrence are inevitable in many cases and the proteasomal system plays an important roles in related pathways. OBJECTIVE This study is a preliminary work to evaluate the combination effects of bortezomib and carfilzomib in four different breast cancer cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, UACC-2087, and SKBR-3 cell lines were used. Cell viability was determined by using bortezomib and carfilzomib alone and in combination. Combination effect values were determined using the Chou-Talalay method. Apoptosis, proteasome activity, cleaved PARP, and HSP70 expressions were analyzed in the determined doses. RESULTS The response to the combination of the two inhibitors was different in four cell lines. Apoptosis was significantly higher in combination groups compared to carfilzomib in three cell lines except SKBR-3, and higher in combination group compared to bortezomib only in UACC-2087. Combination decreased cleaved PARP levels in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and increased in SKBR-3 compared to bortezomib. HSP70 levels decreased in combination with UACC-2087 and SKBR-3 compared to carfilzomib. CONCLUSION Taken together, the combination of the two inhibitors was more apoptotic compared to carfilzomib and apoptosis was higher only in UACC-2087 compared to bortezomib. This apoptosis data can not be directly correlated to degree of proteaasome inhibiton, PARP cleavage and HSP70 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Mutlu Altundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, 99628, Turkey
| | - Ayse Mine Yilmaz
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
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Domingues Vieira B, Niero H, de Felício R, Giolo Alves LF, Freitas Bazzano C, Sigrist R, Costa Furtado L, Felix Persinoti G, Veras Costa-Lotufo L, Barretto Barbosa Trivella D. Production of Epoxyketone Peptide-Based Proteasome Inhibitors by Streptomyces sp. BRA-346: Regulation and Biosynthesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:786008. [PMID: 35401454 PMCID: PMC8988807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.786008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. BRA-346 is an Actinobacteria isolated from the Brazilian endemic tunicate Euherdmania sp. We have reported that this strain produces epoxyketone peptides, as dihydroeponemycin (DHE) and structurally related analogs. This cocktail of epoxyketone peptides inhibits the proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity and shows high cytotoxicity to glioma cells. However, low yields and poor reproducibility of epoxyketone peptides production by BRA-346 under laboratory cultivation have limited the isolation of epoxyketone peptides for additional studies. Here, we evaluated several cultivation methods using different culture media and chemical elicitors to increase the repertoire of peptide epoxyketone production by this bacterium. Furthermore, BRA-346 genome was sequenced, revealing its broad genetic potential, which is mostly hidden under laboratory conditions. By using specific growth conditions, we were able to evidence different classes of secondary metabolites produced by BRA-346. In addition, by combining genome mining with untargeted metabolomics, we could link the metabolites produced by BRA-346 to its genetic capacity and potential regulators. A single biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) was related to the production of the target epoxyketone peptides by BRA-346. The candidate BGC displays conserved biosynthetic enzymes with the reported eponemycin (EPN) and TMC-86A (TMC) BGCs. The core of the putative epoxyketone peptide BGC (ORFs A-L), in which ORF A is a LuxR-like transcription factor, was cloned into a heterologous host. The recombinant organism was capable to produce TMC and EPN natural products, along with the biosynthetic intermediates DH-TMC and DHE, and additional congeners. A phylogenetic analysis of the epn/tmc BGC revealed related BGCs in public databases. Most of them carry a proteasome beta-subunit, however, lacking an assigned specialized metabolite. The retrieved BGCs also display a diversity of regulatory genes and TTA codons, indicating tight regulation of this BGC at the transcription and translational levels. These results demonstrate the plasticity of the epn/tmc BGC of BRA-346 in producing epoxyketone peptides and the feasibility of their production in a heterologous host. This work also highlights the capacity of BRA-346 to tightly regulate its secondary metabolism and shed light on how to awake silent gene clusters of Streptomyces sp. BRA-346 to allow the production of pharmacologically important biosynthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Domingues Vieira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Henrique Niero
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Felício
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Giolo Alves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristina Freitas Bazzano
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Computing (IC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata Sigrist
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Costa Furtado
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Felix Persinoti
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Barretto Barbosa Trivella
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniela Barretto Barbosa Trivella,
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Zhang L, Wu M, Su R, Zhang D, Yang G. The efficacy and mechanism of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:268-283. [PMID: 34856915 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical in cellular protein degradation and widely involved in the regulations of cancer hallmarks. Targeting the UPS pathway has emerged as a promising novel treatment in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. OBJECTIVE This review mainly focuses on the preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. METHODS We analyzed the published articles associated with the anticancer results of proteasome inhibitors alone or combination chemotherapy in solid tumors. Important data presented in abstract form were also discussed in this review. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, are highly effective in treating solid tumors. The anticancer efficacy is not limited to affect the proteasomal inhibition-associated signaling pathways but also widely involves the signaling pathways related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, proteasome inhibitors overcome the conventional chemo-resistance of standard chemotherapeutics by inhibiting signaling pathways, such as NF-κB or PI3K/Akt. Combination chemotherapy of proteasome inhibitors and standard chemotherapeutics are widely investigated in multiple relapsed or chemo-resistant solid tumor types, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The proteasome inhibitors re-sensitize the standard chemotherapeutic regimens and induce synergistic anticancer effects. The development of novel proteasome inhibitors and delivery systems also improves the proteasome inhibitors' anticancer efficacy in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors and reveals the potential anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Ruicong Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
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10
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Yap KM, Sekar M, Seow LJ, Gan SH, Bonam SR, Mat Rani NNI, Lum PT, Subramaniyan V, Wu YS, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S. Mangifera indica (Mango): A Promising Medicinal Plant for Breast Cancer Therapy and Understanding Its Potential Mechanisms of Action. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:471-503. [PMID: 34548817 PMCID: PMC8448164 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s316667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer type and is one of the most significant causes of deaths in women. To date, multiple clinical interventions have been applied, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy. However, 1) the lack of therapeutic options for metastatic breast cancer, 2) resistance to drug therapy and 3) the lack of more selective therapy for triple-negative breast cancer are some of the major challenges in tackling breast cancer. Given the safe nature of natural products, numerous studies have focused on their anti-cancer potentials. Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, represents one of the most extensively investigated natural sources. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of M. indica extracts (bark, kernel, leaves, peel and pulp) and phytochemicals (mangiferin, norathyriol, gallotannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, methyl gallate and quercetin) reported for in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activities and their underlying mechanisms based on relevant literature from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar till date. Overall, the in vitro findings suggest that M. indica extracts and/or phytochemicals inhibit breast cancer cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as trigger apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In vivo results demonstrated that there was a reduction in breast tumor xenograft growth. Several potential mechanisms underlying the anti-breast cancer activities have been reported, which include modulation of oxidative status, receptors, signalling pathways, miRNA expression, enzymes and cell cycle regulators. To further explore this medicinal plant against breast cancer, future research directions are addressed. The outcomes of the review revealed that M. indica extracts and their phytochemicals may have potential benefits in the management of breast cancer in women. However, to validate its utility in the creation of innovative and potent therapeutic agents to treat breast cancer, more dedicated research, especially clinical studies are needed to explore the anti-breast cancer potentials of M. indica extracts and their phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Min Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lay Jing Seow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor, 42610, Malaysia
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12
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Jin T, Nguyen ND, Talos F, Wang D. ECMarker: interpretable machine learning model identifies gene expression biomarkers predicting clinical outcomes and reveals molecular mechanisms of human disease in early stages. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1115-1124. [PMID: 33305308 PMCID: PMC8150141 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Gene expression and regulation, a key molecular mechanism driving human disease development, remains elusive, especially at early stages. Integrating the increasing amount of population-level genomic data and understanding gene regulatory mechanisms in disease development are still challenging. Machine learning has emerged to solve this, but many machine learning methods were typically limited to building an accurate prediction model as a 'black box', barely providing biological and clinical interpretability from the box. RESULTS To address these challenges, we developed an interpretable and scalable machine learning model, ECMarker, to predict gene expression biomarkers for disease phenotypes and simultaneously reveal underlying regulatory mechanisms. Particularly, ECMarker is built on the integration of semi- and discriminative-restricted Boltzmann machines, a neural network model for classification allowing lateral connections at the input gene layer. This interpretable model is scalable without needing any prior feature selection and enables directly modeling and prioritizing genes and revealing potential gene networks (from lateral connections) for the phenotypes. With application to the gene expression data of non-small-cell lung cancer patients, we found that ECMarker not only achieved a relatively high accuracy for predicting cancer stages but also identified the biomarker genes and gene networks implying the regulatory mechanisms in the lung cancer development. In addition, ECMarker demonstrates clinical interpretability as its prioritized biomarker genes can predict survival rates of early lung cancer patients (P-value < 0.005). Finally, we identified a number of drugs currently in clinical use for late stages or other cancers with effects on these early lung cancer biomarkers, suggesting potential novel candidates on early cancer medicine. AVAILABILITYAND IMPLEMENTATION ECMarker is open source as a general-purpose tool at https://github.com/daifengwanglab/ECMarker. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nam D Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Flaminia Talos
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Purushotham Reddy C, Ramakrishna K, Narayana Rao K. Separation, identification and characterization of stress degradation products of bortezomib using HPLC and LC-MS. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:115-125. [PMID: 33827302 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BT) is a reversible inhibitor of proteasome which is used in the treatment of hematological cancers. To study the degradation behavior, BT was subjected to acidic, basic, neutral, photolytic, oxidative and thermal degradation conditions as per ICH guideline Q1A (R2). A gradient HPLC method has been developed for separating all the degradation products formed under various degradation conditions on Waters XBridge C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.5 µm) using the mobile phase composed of ammonium formate and acetonitrile. A total of six degradation products were formed in various stress conditions and these were separated identified, and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Ramakrishna
- Department of chemistry, Gitam Institute of Science, GITAM (deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
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14
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Santopolo S, Riccio A, Rossi A, Santoro MG. The proteostasis guardian HSF1 directs the transcription of its paralog and interactor HSF2 during proteasome dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1113-1129. [PMID: 32607595 PMCID: PMC11071745 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is essential for life in eukaryotes. Organisms respond to proteotoxic stress by activating heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which play important roles in cytoprotection, longevity and development. Of six human HSFs, HSF1 acts as a proteostasis guardian regulating stress-induced transcriptional responses, whereas HSF2 has a critical role in development, in particular of brain and reproductive organs. Unlike HSF1, that is a stable protein constitutively expressed, HSF2 is a labile protein and its expression varies in different tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating HSF2 expression remain poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate that the proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug bortezomib (Velcade), at clinically relevant concentrations, triggers de novo HSF2 mRNA transcription in different types of cancers via HSF1 activation. Similar results were obtained with next-generation proteasome inhibitors ixazomib and carfilzomib, indicating that induction of HSF2 expression is a general response to proteasome dysfunction. HSF2-promoter analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies unexpectedly revealed that HSF1 is recruited to a heat shock element located at 1.397 bp upstream from the transcription start site in the HSF2-promoter. More importantly, we found that HSF1 is critical for HSF2 gene transcription during proteasome dysfunction, representing an interesting example of transcription factor involved in controlling the expression of members of the same family. Moreover, bortezomib-induced HSF2 was found to localize in the nucleus, interact with HSF1, and participate in bortezomib-mediated control of cancer cell migration. The results shed light on HSF2-expression regulation, revealing a novel level of HSF1/HSF2 interplay that may lead to advances in pharmacological modulation of these fundamental transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gabriella Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Udutha S, Borkar RM, Shankar G, Sony T, Jala A, Vamshi Krisna E, Kiran Kumar T, Misra S, Prabhakar S, Srinivas R. Stress degradation study of bortezomib: effect of co-solvent, isolation and characterization of degradation products by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR and evaluation of the toxicity of the degradation products. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class, potent reversible inhibitor of proteasome used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Udutha
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Roshan M. Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Changsari
- India
| | - G. Shankar
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - T. Sony
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Changsari
- India
| | - E. Vamshi Krisna
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional knowledge
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - T. Kiran Kumar
- Applied Biology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - S. Misra
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional knowledge
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - S. Prabhakar
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - R. Srinivas
- Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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16
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Liu L, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Ma M, Wang C. Curcumin inhibits proteasome activity in triple-negative breast cancer cells through regulating p300/miR-142-3p/PSMB5 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153312. [PMID: 32866906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin functions as a proteasome inhibitor. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this action need more detailed explanations. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on 20S proteasome activity and to elucidate its exact mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. METHODS Proteasomal peptidase activities were assayed using synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrates. Knockdown or overexpression of microRNA (miRNA or miR) or protein was used to investigate its functional effect on downstream cellular processes. BrdU (5‑bromo‑2'-deoxyuridine) assay was performed to identify cell proliferation. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) were carried out to determine protein abundance and miRNA expression, respectively. Correlations between protein expressions, miRNA levels, and proteasome activities were analyzed in TNBC tissues. Xenograft tumor model was performed to observe the in vivo effect of curcumin on 20S proteasome activity. RESULTS Curcumin significantly reduced PSMB5 protein levels, accompanied with a reduction in the chymotrypsin-like (CT-l) activity of proteasome 20S core. Loss of PSMB5 markedly inhibited the CT-l activity of 20S proteasome. Furthermore, curcumin treatment significantly elevated miR-142-3p expression. PSMB5 was a direct target of miR-142-3p and its protein levels were negatively regulated by miR-142-3p. Moreover, histone acetyltransferase p300 suppressed miR-142-3p expression. Overexpression of p300 mitigated the promotive effect of curcumin on miR-142-3p expression. The correlations among p300 abundances, miR-142-3p levels, PSMB5 expressions, and the CT-l activities of 20S proteasome were evidenced in TNBC tissues. In addition, loss of p300 and PSMB5 reduced cell proliferation. Inhibition of miR-142-3p significantly attenuated the inhibitory impact of curcumin on cell proliferation. These curcumin-induced changes on p300, miR-142-3p, PSMB5, and 20S proteasome activity were further confirmed in in vivo solid tumor model. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that curcumin suppressed p300/miR-142-3p/PSMB5 axis leading to the inhibition of the CT-l activity of 20S proteasome. These results provide a novel and alternative explanation for the inhibitory effect of curcumin on proteasome activity and also raised potential therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalin Fu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingke Ma
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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17
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Zhao Y, Yang X, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xu H, Miao Z, Li D, Wang S. Deubiquitinase PSMD7 regulates cell fate and is associated with disease progression in breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5433-5448. [PMID: 33042429 PMCID: PMC7540142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates the stability of most proteins controlling various biological processes in human cells. PSMD7, as a core component of the 26S proteasome, is critical for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins in the proteasome. Currently, PSMD7 expression and its roles in the progression of breast cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the level of PSMD7 in breast cancer tissues and investigated the underlying molecular events by which PSMD7 could play a role in tumor progression. The results showed that the PSMD7 level was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues. PSMD7 expression was closely associated with tumor subtype, tumor size, lymph node invasion, and TNM stage. A high PSMD7 level predicted poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node invasion, distant metastasis, and PSMD7 expression were associated with OS and DFS. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that PSMD7 was an independent predictor of OS (HR=1.310, 95% CI=1.038-1.652). Importantly, PSMD7 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, leading to cell senescence and apoptosis. PSMD7 knockdown inhibited the expression of key cell cycle-related proteins and promoted the stability of p21 and p27 in breast cancer cells. PSMD7 may be a valuable prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Ma X, Yu J. Role of the bone microenvironment in bone metastasis of malignant tumors - therapeutic implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:751-761. [PMID: 32623700 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is one of the most common sites for solid tumor metastasis. Bone metastasis of a malignant tumor seriously affects the quality of life and the overall survival of patients. Evidence has suggested that bone provides a favorable microenvironment that enables disseminated tumor cells to home, proliferate and colonize, leading to the formation of metastases. In the process of bone metastasis the bone microenvironment may be considered as an orchestra that plays a dissonant melody through blending (e.g. cross-talk between osteoclasts, osteoblasts and/or other cells), adding (e.g. a variety of biological factors) or taking away (e.g. blocking a specific pathway) players. CONCLUSIONS Here, we review the normal bone microenvironment, bone microenvironment-related factors that promote bone metastasis, as well as mechanisms underlying bone metastasis. In addition, we elude on directions for clinical bone metastasis management, focusing on potential therapeutic approaches to target bone microenvironment-related factors, including bisphosphonate, denosumab, CXCR4/CXCL12 antagonists and cathepsin K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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19
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Chun BM, Page DB, McArthur HL. Combination Immunotherapy Strategies in Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-00333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
We summarize combination immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of breast cancer, with a focus on metastatic disease. First, a general overview of combination approaches is presented according to breast cancer subtype. Second, additional review of promising combination approaches is presented.
Recent Findings
Combination strategies utilizing chemotherapy or radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibition are being evaluated across multiple phase III trials. Dual immunotherapy strategies, such as dual immune checkpoint inhibition or combined co-stimulation/co-inhibition, have supportive preclinical evidence and are under early clinical investigation. Modulation of the immune microenvironment via cytokines and vaccination strategies, as well as locally focused treatments to enhance antigenic responses, are active areas of research.
Summary
Pre-clinical and translational research sheds new light on numerous ways the immune system may be modulated to fight against cancer. We describe current and emerging combination approaches which may improve patient outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee D, Othmer HG. Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30781871 PMCID: PMC6406513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the regulation of tumor growth and the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of combination therapies, using oncolytic viruses (OVs) in conjunction with proteosome inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the role of the TME in such therapies has not been studied. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for combination therapies based on the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), with the goal of understanding their roles in bortezomib-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and how the balance between apoptosis and necroptosis is affected by the treatment protocol. We show that the TME plays a significant role in anti-tumor efficacy in OV combination therapy, and illustrate the effect of different spatial patterns of OV injection. The results illustrate a possible phenotypic switch within tumor populations in a given microenvironment, and suggest new anti-invasion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Yuan T, Zhang F, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang X. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway sensitizes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to treatment with proteasome inhibitors via suppression of BAG3. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3719-3726. [PMID: 30881494 PMCID: PMC6403502 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors represent a novel class of drugs that have clinical efficacy against hematological and solid cancer types, including acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome an non-small cell lung cancer. It has been demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is induced by proteasome inhibitors in various cancer cells and serves an important role in chemotherapy resistance. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) pathway is constitutively activated in a number of lymphoid malignancy types, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma. In the present study, the aim was to elucidate the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the induction of BAG3, following exposure to a proteasome inhibitor in DLBCL cell lines. Bortezomib and MG132 were used as proteasome inhibitors. Western blotting was used to evaluate the roles of proteasome inhibitors and the PI3K/AKT pathway in BAG3 induction in DLBCL cells (LY1 and LY8), and LY294002 was used to block the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis of LY1 and LY8 cells was quantified by Annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin D flow cytometry. The BAG3 protein was markedly induced upon exposure to bortezomib and MG132 in a dose-dependent manner. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 significantly suppressed the induction of BAG3 by proteasome inhibitors. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitors. The present results indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway is associated with the activation of BAG3 expression in DLBCL cells, and is involved in the protective response against proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Institute of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Zhu J, Huo Q, Xu M, Yang F, Li Y, Shi H, Niu Y, Liu Y. Bortezomib-catechol conjugated prodrug micelles: combining bone targeting and aryl boronate-based pH-responsive drug release for cancer bone-metastasis therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18387-18397. [PMID: 30256367 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic tumors is highly desirable in clinics, which has also increased the interest in the design of nanoscale drug delivery systems. Bone metastasis is one of the most common pathways in the metastasis of breast cancer, and it is also an important cause for tumor recurrence and death. The aryl boronate group, as an acid-labile linker, has been introduced into nano-assemblies in recent years. Especially, as a proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug with a boric acid group, bortezomib can facilitate the formation of pH-sensitive aryl boric acid ester linkage with the catecholic group. In this study, bortezomib-loaded micelles with bone targeting properties were constructed for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. The mixed micelles employed alendronate (ALN) as the bone-targeting ligand and encapsulated bortezomib-catechol conjugates as the cargo. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that compared with free drugs or control micelles, these prodrug micelles (ALN-NP) exhibited many favorable properties such as reduced systemic toxicity and improved therapeutic effects. Therefore, ALN-NP is promising as a nanovehicle for bone-targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, this study offers a novel strategy combining bone targeting and aryl boronate-based pH-responsive drug release for anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Lee ALZ, Voo ZX, Chin W, Ono RJ, Yang C, Gao S, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. Injectable Coacervate Hydrogel for Delivery of Anticancer Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles in vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13274-13282. [PMID: 29595244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bortezomib (BTZ, a cytotoxic water-insoluble anticancer drug) was encapsulated in micellar nanoparticles having a catechol-functionalized polycarbonate core through a pH-sensitive covalent bond between phenylboronic acid (PBA) in BTZ and catechol, and these drug-loaded micelles were incorporated into hydrogels to form micelle/hydrogel composites. A series of injectable, biodegradable hydrogels with readily tunable mechanical properties were formed and optimized for sustained delivery of the BTZ-loaded micelles through ionic coacervation between PBA-functionalized polycarbonate/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) "ABA" triblock copolymer and a cationic one having guanidinium- or thiouronium-functionalized polycarbonate as "A" block. An in vitro release study showed the pH dependence in BTZ release. At pH 7.4, the BTZ release from the micelle/hydrogel composite remained low at 7%, whereas in an acidic environment, ∼85% of BTZ was released gradually over 9 days. In vivo studies performed in a multiple myeloma MM.1S xenograft mouse model showed that the tumor progression of mice treated with BTZ-loaded micelle solution was similar to that of the control group, whereas those treated with the BTZ-loaded micelle/hydrogel composite resulted in significant delay in the tumor progression. The results demonstrate that this hydrogel has great potential for use in subcutaneous and sustained delivery of drug-loaded micelles with superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlynn L Z Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
| | - Zhi Xiang Voo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
| | - Willy Chin
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
| | - Robert J Ono
- IBM Almaden Research Center , 650 Harry Road , San Jose , California 95120 , United States
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
| | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
| | - James L Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center , 650 Harry Road , San Jose , California 95120 , United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way , Singapore 138669 , Singapore
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Accardi F, Toscani D, Costa F, Aversa F, Giuliani N. The Proteasome and Myeloma-Associated Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:210-226. [PMID: 29080972 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by osteolytic lesions due to a severe uncoupled and unbalanced bone remodeling with pronounced osteoblast suppression. Bone metastasis is also a frequent complication of solid tumors including advanced breast or prostate cancer. In the past years, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been proved critical in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a new class of drugs, currently used in the treatment of MM, that affect both tumor cells and bone microenvironment. Particularly, PIs stimulate osteoblast differentiation by human mesenchymal stromal cells and increase bone regeneration in mice. Interestingly, in vitro data indicate that PIs block MM-induced osteoblast and osteocyte cell death by targeting both apoptosis and autophagy. The preclinical data are supported by the following effects observed in MM patients treated with PIs: increase of bone alkaline phosphatase levels, normalization of the markers of bone turnover, and reduction of the skeletal-related events. Moreover, the histomorphometric data indicate that the treatment with bortezomib stimulates osteoblast formation and maintains osteocyte viability in MM patients. This review updates the evidence on the effects of PIs on bone remodeling and on cancer-induced bone disease while focusing on MM bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an enhancer of small heat shock protein turnover via activation of autophagy in the heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1141-1147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Engür S, Dikmen M. The evaluation of the anti-cancer activity of ixazomib on Caco2 colon solid tumor cells, comparison with bortezomib. Acta Clin Belg 2017; 72:391-398. [PMID: 28327055 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1302623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition has recently emerged as a clinically effective anticancer therapeutic approach. The first proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341), and new proteasome inhibitors including ixazomib have become more important in the development of targeted cancer therapies. Under physiological conditions, MLN9708 (ixazomib citrate), the stable citrate ester drug substance, hydrolyzes rapidly to MLN2238 (ixazomib), the biologically active boronic acid. It is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, similar to the well-known proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which is currently being investigated in phase 3 trials as a treatment for multiple Myeloma. Despite the proven efficacy of these drugs in hematologic malignancies, clinical activity is limited to solid tumors such as colon adenocarcinoma. This study is the first to investigate and compare the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of MLN2238 and bortezomib on human colon adenocarcinoma Caco2 cells. The antiproliferative effects of MLN2238 and bortezomib were determined using WST-1; apoptotic effects of this drug were determined by caspase-3 and a mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) activity assay. Expression levels associated with proteasome inhibition and apoptosis of NF-κB and c-myc mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR. At 24 and 48 h, MLN2238 showed significant time- and concentration-dependent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on Caco2 cells. Depending on increasing mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation, MLN2238 induced apoptosis at level similar to that of bortezomib. In addition, MLN2238 downregulated NF-κB and c-myc mRNA expression levels. For the first time, MLN2238 was shown to induce antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on human colon adenocarcinoma cells that are comparable with those of bortezomib; these in vitro data in Caco2 cells support the development of MLN2238 for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Engür
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Miriş Dikmen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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27
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Glück S. Consequences of the Convergence of Multiple Alternate Pathways on the Estrogen Receptor in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Reagan MR, Lian JB, Rosen CJ, Stein GS. A perspective on malignancy in the marrow. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3218-3220. [PMID: 28206683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Malignancies that grow in the bone marrow cause a cascade of devastating consequences and are almost always fatal. For researchers to make significant headway in finding cures and treatments for these tumors and the subsequent devastation of cancer-induced bone disease, novel strategies and creative solutions will have to be considered. Great progress has been made in treating hematologic and sold tumor malignancies that ultimately affect the bone marrow, although it is also obvious that multi-disciplinary teams are required to ultimately win the war on cancers that affect the bone. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the identification of molecular and cellular targets in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Maine
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Maine
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and the University of Vermont Cancer Center, the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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29
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Ottewell PD. The role of osteoblasts in bone metastasis. J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:124-127. [PMID: 27761372 PMCID: PMC5063217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of osteoblasts is to lay down new bone during skeletal development and remodelling. Throughout this process osteoblasts directly interact with other cell types within bone, including osteocytes and haematopoietic stem cells. Osteoblastic cells also signal indirectly to bone-resorbing osteoclasts via the secretion of RANKL. Through these mechanisms, cells of the osteoblast lineage help retain the homeostatic balance between bone formation and bone resorption. When tumour cells disseminate in the bone microenvironment, they hijack these mechanisms, homing to osteoblasts and disrupting bone homeostasis. This review describes the role of osteoblasts in normal bone physiology, as well as interactions between tumour cells and osteoblasts during the processes of tumour cell homing to bone, colonisation of this metastatic site and development of overt bone metastases.
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Xu L, Luo J, Jin R, Yue Z, Sun P, Yang Z, Yang X, Wan W, Zhang J, Li S, Liu M, Xiao J. Bortezomib Inhibits Giant Cell Tumor of Bone through Induction of Cell Apoptosis and Inhibition of Osteoclast Recruitment, Giant Cell Formation, and Bone Resorption. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:854-65. [PMID: 26861247 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare and highly osteolytic bone tumor that usually leads to an extensive bone lesion. The purpose of this study was to discover novel therapeutic targets and identify potential agents for treating GCTB. After screening the serum cytokine profiles in 52 GCTB patients and 10 normal individuals using the ELISA assay, we found that NF-κB signaling-related cytokines, including TNFα, MCP-1, IL1α, and IL17A, were significantly increased in GCTB patients. The results were confirmed by IHC that the expression and activity of p65 were significantly increased in GCTB patients. Moreover, all of the NF-κB inhibitors tested suppressed GCTB cell growth, and bortezomib (Velcade), a well-known proteasome inhibitor, was the most potent inhibitor in blocking GCTB cells growth. Our results showed that bortezomib not only induced GCTB neoplastic stromal cell (NSC) apoptosis, but also suppressed GCTB NSC-induced giant cell differentiation, formation, and resorption. Moreover, bortezomib specifically suppressed GCTB NSC-induced preosteoclast recruitment. Furthermore, bortezomib ameliorated GCTB cell-induced bone destruction in vivo As a result, bortezomib suppressed NF-κB-regulated gene expression in GCTB NSC apoptosis, monocyte migration, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. Particularly, the inhibitory effects of bortezomib were much better than zoledronic acid, a drug currently used in treating GCTB, in our in vitro experimental paradigms. Together, our results demonstrated that NF-κB signaling pathway is highly activated in GCTB, and bortezomib could suppress GCTB and osteolysis in vivo and in vitro, indicating that bortezomib is a potential agent in the treatment of GCTB. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 854-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Rongrong Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Hiraga T. Targeted Agents in Preclinical and Early Clinical Development for the Treatment of Cancer Bone Metastases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:319-34. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1142972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Cohen K, Flint N, Shalev S, Erez D, Baharal T, Davis PJ, Hercbergs A, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Thyroid hormone regulates adhesion, migration and matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity via αvβ3 integrin in myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6312-22. [PMID: 25071016 PMCID: PMC4171632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, T3; L-thyroxine, T4) enhances cancer cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis via a discrete receptor located near the RGD recognition site on αvβ3 integrin. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and its nanoparticulate formulation interfere with binding of T3/T4 to the integrin. This integrin is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers. MM cells interact with αvβ3 integrin to support growth and invasion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes active in tissue remodeling and cancer. The association between integrins and MMPs secretion and action is well established. In the current study, we examined the effects of thyroid hormone on myeloma cell adhesion, migration and MMP activity. We show that T3 and T4 increased myeloma adhesion to fibronectin and induced αvβ3 clustering. In addition, the hormones induced MMP-9 expression and activation via αvβ3 and MAPK induction. Bortezomib, a standard myeloma treatment, caused a decrease in activity/quantity of MMPs and thyroid hormone opposed this effect. RGD peptide and tetrac impaired the production of MMP-9 in cell lines and in primary BM cells from myeloma patients. In conclusion, thyroid hormone-dependent regulation via αvβ3 of myeloma cell adhesion and MMP-9 production may play a role in myeloma migration and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Cohen
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Flint
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shachar Shalev
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Erez
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Baharal
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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33
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Suvannasankha A, Chirgwin JM. Role of bone-anabolic agents in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:484. [PMID: 25757219 PMCID: PMC4429670 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases are an incurable complication afflicting the majority of patients who die from advanced breast cancer. They are most often osteolytic, characterized by net bone destruction and suppressed new bone formation. Life expectancy from first diagnosis of breast cancer bone metastases is several years, during which time skeletal-related events - including pain, fracture, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression - significantly degrade quality of life. The bone marrow niche can also confer hormonal and chemo-resistance. Most treatments for skeletal metastases target bone-destroying osteoclasts and are palliative. Recent results from the Breast cancer trials of Oral Everolimus-2 trial suggest that agents such as the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may have efficacy against breast cancer bone metastases in part via stimulating osteoblasts as well as by inhibiting tumor growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators similarly inhibit growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers while having positive effects on the skeleton. This review discusses the future role of bone-anabolic agents for the specific treatment of osteolytic breast cancer metastases. Agents with both anti-tumor and bone-anabolic actions have been tested in the setting of multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy that causes severe osteolytic bone loss and suppression of osteoblastic new bone formation. Stimulation of osteoblast activity inhibits multiple myeloma growth - a strategy that might decrease breast cancer burden in osteolytic bone metastases. Proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) inhibit the growth of myeloma directly and are anabolic for bone. Drugs with limited anti-tumor activity but which are anabolic for bone include intermittent parathyroid hormone and antibodies that neutralize the WNT inhibitors DKK1 and sclerostin, as well as the activin A blocker sotatercept and the osteoporosis drug strontium ranelate. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibitors have little tumor antiproliferative activity but block breast cancer production of osteolytic factors and are also anabolic for bone. Some of these treatments are already in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of agents with bone-anabolic properties, which may have utility in the treatment of breast cancer metastatic to the skeleton.
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Hwang YS, Han SS, Kim KR, Ye-Jin L, Sun-Kyung L, Kwang-Kyun P, Won-Yoon C. Validating of the pre-clinical mouse model for metastatic breast cancer to the mandible. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:3-8. [PMID: 25760261 PMCID: PMC4349112 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast carcinoma has a great tendency to spread to the mandible. It is concomitantly associated with bone destruction, food intake disorder, and a poorer prognosis. Appropriate animal models need to be developed for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process of breast cancer cells to mandible and to test the effects of potential lead compounds. Here, we assessed the metastasis model of intracardiac injection using luciferase-transfected metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231Luc+) by determining the incidences of metastasis, mCT images, and histopathological results. A high bioluminescence signal mainly detected mandibular lesions with less frequent distal femora and proximal tibiae lesions. Extensive mandibular bone destruction occurred in nude mice grafted with metastatic breast cancer cells. This type of animal model might be a useful tool in assessing therapeutic implications and the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs for osteolytic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Ye-Jin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Sun-Kyung
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Kwang-Kyun
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Won-Yoon
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Biology, and BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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New therapeutic targets for cancer bone metastasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:360-73. [PMID: 25962679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are dejected consequences of many types of tumors including breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid cancers. This complicated process begins with the successful tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, escape from the original site, and penetration into the circulation. The homing of tumor cells to the bone depends on both tumor-intrinsic traits and various molecules supplied by the bone metastatic niche. The colonization and growth of cancer cells in the osseous environment, which awaken their dormancy to form micro- and macro-metastasis, involve an intricate interaction between the circulating tumor cells and local bone cells including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages. We discuss the most recent advances in the identification of new molecules and novel mechanisms during each step of bone metastasis that may serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Profound activity of the anti-cancer drug bortezomib against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes identifies the proteasome as a novel drug target for cestodes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3352. [PMID: 25474446 PMCID: PMC4256282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 426 FDA-approved drugs was screened for in vitro activity against E. multilocularis metacestodes employing the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) assay. Initial screening at 20 µM revealed that 7 drugs induced considerable metacestode damage, and further dose-response studies revealed that bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor developed for the chemotherapy of myeloma, displayed high anti-metacestodal activity with an EC50 of 0.6 µM. BTZ treatment of E. multilocularis metacestodes led to an accumulation of ubiquinated proteins and unequivocally parasite death. In-gel zymography assays using E. multilocularis extracts demonstrated BTZ-mediated inhibition of protease activity in a band of approximately 23 kDa, the same size at which the proteasome subunit beta 5 of E. multilocularis could be detected by Western blot. Balb/c mice experimentally infected with E. multilocularis metacestodes were used to assess BTZ treatment, starting at 6 weeks post-infection by intraperitoneal injection of BTZ. This treatment led to reduced parasite weight, but to a degree that was not statistically significant, and it induced adverse effects such as diarrhea and neurological symptoms. In conclusion, the proteasome was identified as a drug target in E. multilocularis metacestodes that can be efficiently inhibited by BTZ in vitro. However, translation of these findings into in vivo efficacy requires further adjustments of treatment regimens using BTZ, or possibly other proteasome inhibitors. Tapeworms (cestodes) are a class of important human pathogens, causing very severe diseases in man such as alveolar echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis), cystic echinococcosis (E. granulosus) and neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium). Current treatments are mainly based on benzimidazoles that show some limited activity against cestode larvae, but often do not kill them. These compounds have to be taken for extended periods of time, and can cause adverse side-effects. Cestode infections cause neglected diseases and the pharmaceutical industry is generally not interested in investments for developing novel bioactive compounds. In this study we focus on a panel of FDA-approved drugs and assessed them in E. multilocularis, which causes the most deadly of all helminth infections. One compound, the anti-cancer drug bortezomib, exhibits considerable in vitro activity against E. multilocularis metacestodes, and we provide evidence that it acts on the proteasome. In experimentally infected mice bortezomib activity was lower than the currently used albendazole and induced adverse effects. Bortezomib is therefore not a useful drug for treatment of Echinococcus larvae, but our results demonstrate that in future studies the cestode proteasome should gain more attention as a drug target.
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Rajapaksa G, Nikolos F, Bado I, Clarke R, Gustafsson JÅ, Thomas C. ERβ decreases breast cancer cell survival by regulating the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:4130-41. [PMID: 25347741 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive reaction that allows cancer cells to survive endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress that is often induced in the tumor microenvironment because of inadequate vascularization. Previous studies report an association between activation of the UPR and reduced sensitivity to antiestrogens and chemotherapeutics in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and triple-negative breast cancers, respectively. ERα has been shown to regulate the expression of a key mediator of the EnR stress response, the X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1). Although network prediction models have associated ERβ with the EnR stress response, its role as regulator of the UPR has not been experimentally tested. Here, upregulation of wild-type ERβ (ERβ1) or treatment with ERβ agonists enhanced apoptosis in breast cancer cells in the presence of pharmacological inducers of EnR stress. Targeting the BCL-2 to the EnR of the ERβ1-expressing cells prevented the apoptosis induced by EnR stress but not by non-EnR stress apoptotic stimuli indicating that ERβ1 promotes EnR stress-regulated apoptosis. Downregulation of inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) and decreased splicing of XBP-1 were associated with the decreased survival of the EnR-stressed ERβ1-expressing cells. ERβ1 was found to repress the IRE1 pathway of the UPR by inducing degradation of IRE1α. These results suggest that the ability of ERβ1 to target the UPR may offer alternative treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajapaksa
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Nikolos
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Bado
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Clarke
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J-Å Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Thomas
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Inhibition of Nek2 by small molecules affects proteasome activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:273180. [PMID: 25313354 PMCID: PMC4182079 DOI: 10.1155/2014/273180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background. Nek2 is a serine/threonine kinase localized to the centrosome. It promotes cell cycle progression from G2 to M by inducing centrosome separation. Recent studies have shown that high Nek2 expression is correlated with drug resistance in multiple myeloma patients. Materials and Methods. To investigate the role of Nek2 in bortezomib resistance, we ectopically overexpressed Nek2 in several cancer cell lines, including multiple myeloma lines. Small-molecule inhibitors of Nek2 were discovered using an in-house library of compounds. We tested the inhibitors on proteasome and cell cycle activity in several cell lines. Results. Proteasome activity was elevated in Nek2-overexpressing cell lines. The Nek2 inhibitors inhibited proteasome activity in these cancer cell lines. Treatment with these inhibitors resulted in inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation of several cell cycle regulators in HeLa cells, leaving them arrested in G2/M. Combining these Nek2 inhibitors with bortezomib increased the efficacy of bortezomib in decreasing proteasome activity in vitro. Treatment with these novel Nek2 inhibitors successfully mitigated drug resistance in bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma. Conclusion. Nek2 plays a central role in proteasome-mediated cell cycle regulation and in conferring resistance to bortezomib in cancer cells. Taken together, our results introduce Nek2 as a therapeutic target in bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma.
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Proteasome inhibitor inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1357-65. [PMID: 24399732 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in a variety of normal and tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of a proteasome inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis and related proteins in renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F). METHODS NRK-49F cells were induced using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was also analyzed using a DNA ladder. The protein expression of p53, p27, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax was examined using western blots. RESULTS The results showed that TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) can stimulate the proliferation of NRK-49F cells.MG-132 (0.25-5 μM) inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner through G1-arrest; TGF-β1 alone did not induce apoptosis (3.8 ± 0.4% vs. 4.7 ± 1.6%). However, pretreatment with MG-132 significantly induced apoptosis in TGF-b1-stimulated NRK-49F cells in a dose-dependent manner. A typical DNA ladder was also confirmed in these two groups. Western blot analysis showed that MG-132 activated p53, p21, caspase-3 and Bax, and inhibited Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner, while p27 expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS A proteasome inhibitor inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1. The mechanism may relate to the p53, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax pathways. Our results suggest that a proteasome inhibitor could be a new strategy to treat renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Pla A, Pascual M, Renau-Piqueras J, Guerri C. TLR4 mediates the impairment of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways induced by ethanol treatment in brain. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1066. [PMID: 24556681 PMCID: PMC3944260 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
New evidence indicates the involvement of protein degradation dysfunctions in neurodegeneration, innate immunity response and alcohol hepatotoxicity. We recently demonstrated that ethanol increases brain proinflammatory mediators and causes brain damage by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in glia. However, it is uncertain if the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways are involved in ethanol-induced brain damage and whether the TLR4 response is implicated in proteolytic processes. Using the cerebral cortex of WT and TLR4-knockout mice with and without chronic ethanol treatment, we demonstrate that ethanol induces poly-ubiquitinated proteins accumulation and promotes immunoproteasome activation by inducing the expression of β2i, β5i and PA28α, although it decreases the 20S constitutive proteasome subunits (α2, β5). Ethanol also upregulates mTOR phosphorylation, leading to a downregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ATG12, ATG5, cathepsin B, p62, LC3) and alters the volume of autophagic vacuoles. Notably, mice lacking TLR4 receptors are protected against ethanol-induced alterations in protein degradation pathways. In summary, the present results provide the first evidence demonstrating that chronic ethanol treatment causes proteolysis dysfunctions in the mouse cerebral cortex and that these events are TLR4 dependent. These findings could provide insight into the mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pla
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - M Pascual
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - J Renau-Piqueras
- Section of Biology and Cellular Pathology, Centro Investigación Hospital La Fe, Avda. de Campanar 114, Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - C Guerri
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
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Chen YJ, Yeh MH, Yu MC, Wei YL, Chen WS, Chen JY, Shih CY, Tu CY, Chen CH, Hsia TC, Chien PH, Liu SH, Yu YL, Huang WC. Lapatinib-induced NF-kappaB activation sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to proteasome inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R108. [PMID: 24216290 PMCID: PMC3979035 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer with negative expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is frequently diagnosed in younger women and has poor prognosis for disease-free and overall survival. Due to the lack of known oncogenic drivers for TNBC proliferation, clinical benefit from currently available targeted therapies is limited, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Methods Triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were treated with proteasome inhibitors in combination with lapatinib (a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Their in vitro and in vivo viability was examined by MTT assay, clonogenic analysis, and orthotopic xenograft mice model. Luciferase reporter gene, immunoblot, and RT-qPCR, immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action. Results Our data showed that nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was elicited by lapatinib, independent of EGFR/HER2 inhibition, in TNBCs. Lapatinib-induced constitutive activation of NF-κB involved Src family kinase (SFK)-dependent p65 and IκBα phosphorylations, and rendered these cells more vulnerable to NF-κB inhibition by p65 small hairpin RNA. Lapatinib but not other EGFR inhibitors synergized the anti-tumor activity of proteasome inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that treatment of TNBCs with lapatinib may enhance their oncogene addiction to NF-κB, and thus augment the anti-tumor activity of proteasome inhibitors. Conclusions These findings suggest that combination therapy of a proteasome inhibitor with lapatinib may benefit TNBC patients.
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Parris TZ, Kovács A, Aziz L, Hajizadeh S, Nemes S, Semaan M, Forssell-Aronsson E, Karlsson P, Helou K. Additive effect of the AZGP1, PIP, S100A8 and UBE2C molecular biomarkers improves outcome prediction in breast carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1617-29. [PMID: 24114735 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The deregulation of key cellular pathways is fundamental for the survival and expansion of neoplastic cells, which in turn can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome. To develop effective individualized cancer therapies, we need to have a better understanding of which cellular pathways are perturbed in a genetically defined subgroup of patients. Here, we validate the prognostic value of a 13-marker signature in independent gene expression microarray datasets (n = 1,141) and immunohistochemistry with full-faced FFPE samples (n = 71). The predictive performance of individual markers and panels containing multiple markers was assessed using Cox regression analysis. In the external gene expression dataset, six of the 13 genes (AZGP1, NME5, S100A8, SCUBE2, STC2 and UBE2C) retained their prognostic potential and were significantly associated with disease-free survival (p < 0.001). Protein analyses refined the signature to a four-marker panel [AZGP1, Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), S100A8 and UBE2C] significantly correlated with cycling, high grade tumors and lower disease-specific survival rates. AZGP1 and PIP were found in significantly lower levels in invasive breast tissue as compared with adjacent normal tissue, whereas elevated levels of S100A8 and UBE2C were observed. A predictive model containing the four-marker panel in conjunction with established clinical variables outperformed a model containing the clinical variables alone. Our findings suggest that deregulated AZGP1, PIP, S100A8 and UBE2C are critical for the aggressive breast cancer phenotype, which may be useful as novel therapeutic targets for drug development to complement established clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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