1
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Spears C, Xu M, Shoben A, Dason S, Toland AE, Byrne L. Clinical features of prostate cancer by polygenic risk score. Fam Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10689-024-00369-0. [PMID: 38619781 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 290 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with prostate cancer. These SNVs can be combined to generate a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which estimates an individual's risk to develop prostate cancer. Identifying individuals at higher risk for prostate cancer using PRS could allow for personalized screening recommendations, improve current screening tools, and potentially result in improved survival rates, but more research is needed before incorporating them into clinical use. Our study aimed to investigate associations between PRS and clinical factors in affected individuals, including age of diagnosis, metastases, histology, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (GG) and family history of prostate cancer, while taking into account germline genetic testing in known prostate cancer related genes. To evaluate the relationship between these clinical factors and PRS, a quantitative retrospective chart review of 250 individuals of European ancestry diagnosed with prostate cancer who received genetic counseling services at The Ohio State University's Genitourinary Cancer Genetics Clinic and a 72-SNV PRS through Ambry Genetics, was performed. We found significant associations between higher PRS and younger age of diagnosis (p = 0.002), lower frequency of metastases (p = 0.006), and having a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer (p = 0.024). We did not observe significant associations between PRS and ISUP GG, histology or a having a second-degree relative with prostate cancer. These findings provide insights into features associated with higher PRS, but larger multi-ancestral studies using PRS that are informative across populations are needed to understand its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Spears
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Shoben
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsey Byrne
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Samtal C, El Jaddaoui I, Hamdi S, Bouguenouch L, Ouldim K, Nejjari C, Ghazal H, Bekkari H. Review of prostate cancer genomic studies in Africa. Front Genet 2022; 13:911101. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed in men worldwide and one of the most frequent cancers in men in Africa. The heterogeneity of this cancer fosters the need to identify potential genetic risk factors/biomarkers. Omics variations may significantly contribute to early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, there are few genomic studies of this disease in African populations. This review sheds light on the status of genomics research on PCa in Africa and outlines the common variants identified thus far. The allele frequencies of the most significant SNPs in Afro-native, Afro-descendants, and European populations were compared. We advocate how these few but promising data will aid in understanding, better diagnosing, and precisely treating this cancer and the need for further collaborative research on the genomics of PCa in the African continent.
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Papachristodoulou A, Abate-Shen C. Precision intervention for prostate cancer: Re-evaluating who is at risk. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Pavel AG, Stambouli D, Gener I, Preda A, Anton G, Baston C. Genetic variant located on chromosome 17p12 contributes to prostate cancer onset and biochemical recurrence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4546. [PMID: 35296725 PMCID: PMC8927158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic contribution to prostate cancer (PC) onset and clinical heterogeneity has an important impact on the disease stratification accuracy. Despite the fact that radical prostatectomy (RP) is an effective treatment for localized PC, a considerable number of individuals develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) following surgery. In the present study, we decided to investigate the significance of genetic variability in a homogeneous group of Romanian men and to determine if genotyping could provide information regarding the possible implications of rs4054823 susceptibility loci in PC progression and outcome. A total of 78 samples from both PC and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were genotyped. The genotype frequencies were examined to see if there was a link between the 17p12 SNP and PC disease. When compared to the BPH group, the PC group had a significantly higher frequency of the T risk variant (P = 0.0056) and TT genotype (P = 0.0164). Subsequent analysis revealed that the TT genotype had a significantly higher frequency among younger PC patients based on their age at diagnosis and that it was related with a greater probability of BCR (P = 0.02). According to our findings, the TT genotype appears to be a risk factor for early-onset PC and a potential predictor for BCR after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Gabriela Pavel
- Molecular Genetics Department, Cytogenomic Medical Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania. .,The Romania Academy, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Danae Stambouli
- Molecular Genetics Department, Cytogenomic Medical Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ismail Gener
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Preda
- Center of Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Anton
- The Romania Academy, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Baston
- Department of Nephrology, Urology, Immunology and Immunology of Transplant, Dermatology, Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Jiang Y, Meyers TJ, Emeka AA, Cooley LF, Cooper PR, Lancki N, Helenowski I, Kachuri L, Lin DW, Stanford JL, Newcomb LF, Kolb S, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Komisarenko M, Eastham JA, Ehdaie B, Benfante N, Logothetis CJ, Gregg JR, Perez CA, Garza S, Kim J, Marks LS, Delfin M, Barsa D, Vesprini D, Klotz LH, Loblaw A, Mamedov A, Goldenberg SL, Higano CS, Spillane M, Wu E, Carter HB, Pavlovich CP, Mamawala M, Landis T, Carroll PR, Chan JM, Cooperberg MR, Cowan JE, Morgan TM, Siddiqui J, Martin R, Klein EA, Brittain K, Gotwald P, Barocas DA, Dallmer JR, Gordetsky JB, Steele P, Kundu SD, Stockdale J, Roobol MJ, Venderbos LD, Sanda MG, Arnold R, Patil D, Evans CP, Dall’Era MA, Vij A, Costello AJ, Chow K, Corcoran NM, Rais-Bahrami S, Phares C, Scherr DS, Flynn T, Karnes RJ, Koch M, Dhondt CR, Nelson JB, McBride D, Cookson MS, Stratton KL, Farriester S, Hemken E, Stadler WM, Pera T, Banionyte D, Bianco FJ, Lopez IH, Loeb S, Taneja SS, Byrne N, Amling CL, Martinez A, Boileau L, Gaylis FD, Petkewicz J, Kirwen N, Helfand BT, Xu J, Scholtens DM, Catalona WJ, Witte JS. Genetic Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Conversion from Active Surveillance to Treatment. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 34993496 PMCID: PMC8725988 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adaeze A. Emeka
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Folgosa Cooley
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Phillip R. Cooper
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Komisarenko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A. Eastham
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Behfar Ehdaie
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin R. Gregg
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cherie A. Perez
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Garza
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonard S. Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merdie Delfin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Barsa
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurence H. Klotz
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mamedov
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Larry Goldenberg
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Spillane
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugenia Wu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H. Ballentine Carter
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian P. Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mufaddal Mamawala
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tricia Landis
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet E. Cowan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd M. Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rabia Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Brittain
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paige Gotwald
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A. Barocas
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Dallmer
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pam Steele
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilajit D. Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jazmine Stockdale
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lionne D.F. Venderbos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marc A. Dall’Era
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Vij
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chow
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney Phares
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas S. Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Flynn
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Koch
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Courtney Rose Dhondt
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel B. Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawn McBride
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael S. Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kelly L. Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stephen Farriester
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Erin Hemken
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Tuula Pera
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Loeb
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir S. Taneja
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataliya Byrne
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ann Martinez
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luc Boileau
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Franklin D. Gaylis
- Genesis Healthcare Partners, Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Kirwen
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Helfand
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Denise M. Scholtens
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William J. Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Saunders EJ, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Identification of Germline Genetic Variants that Increase Prostate Cancer Risk and Influence Development of Aggressive Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:760. [PMID: 33673083 PMCID: PMC7917798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a heterogeneous disease, which presents in individual patients across a diverse phenotypic spectrum ranging from indolent to fatal forms. No robust biomarkers are currently available to enable routine screening for PrCa or to distinguish clinically significant forms, therefore late stage identification of advanced disease and overdiagnosis plus overtreatment of insignificant disease both remain areas of concern in healthcare provision. PrCa has a substantial heritable component, and technological advances since the completion of the Human Genome Project have facilitated improved identification of inherited genetic factors influencing susceptibility to development of the disease within families and populations. These genetic markers hold promise to enable improved understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning PrCa development, facilitate genetically informed PrCa screening programmes and guide appropriate treatment provision. However, insight remains largely lacking regarding many aspects of their manifestation; especially in relation to genes associated with aggressive phenotypes, risk factors in non-European populations and appropriate approaches to enable accurate stratification of higher and lower risk individuals. This review discusses the methodology used in the elucidation of genetic loci, genes and individual causal variants responsible for modulating PrCa susceptibility; the current state of understanding of the allelic spectrum contributing to PrCa risk; and prospective future translational applications of these discoveries in the developing eras of genomics and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (Z.K.-J.); (R.A.E.)
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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7
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Sipeky C, Talala KM, Tammela TLJ, Taari K, Auvinen A, Schleutker J. Prostate cancer risk prediction using a polygenic risk score. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17075. [PMID: 33051487 PMCID: PMC7553910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary factors have a strong influence on prostate cancer (PC) risk and poorer outcomes, thus stratification by genetic factors addresses a critical need for targeted PC screening and risk-adapted follow-up. In this Finnish population-based retrospective study 2283 clinically diagnosed and 455 screen-detected patients from the Finnish Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC), 2400 healthy individuals have been involved. Individual genetic risk through establishment of a polygenic risk score based on 55 PC risk SNPs identified through the Finnish subset of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-Environment Study was assessed. Men with PC had significantly higher median polygenic risk score compared to the controls (6.59 vs. 3.83, P < 0.0001). The polygenic risk score above the control median was a significant predictor of PC (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.90-2.39). The polygenic risk score predicted the risk of PC with an AUC of 0.618 (95% CI 0.60-0.63). Men in the highest polygenic risk score quartile were 2.8-fold (95% CI 2.4-3.30) more likely to develop PC compared with men in the lowest quartile. In the FinRSPC cohort, a significantly higher percentage of men had a PSA level of ≥ 4 ng/mL in polygenic risk score quartile four compared to quartile one (18.7% vs 8.3%, P < 0.00001). Adding the PRS to a PSA-only model contributed additional information in predicting PC in the FinRSPC model. Results strongly suggest that use of the polygenic risk score would facilitate the identification of men at increased risk for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi M Talala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Mass Screening Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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8
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Pinto AR, Silva J, Pinto R, Medeiros R. Aggressive prostate cancer phenotype and genome-wide association studies: where are we now? Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:487-503. [PMID: 32343194 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of prostate cancer (PCa) is indolent, however, a percentage of patients are initially diagnosed with metastatic disease, for which there is a worse prognosis. There is a lack of biomarkers to identify men at greater risk for developing aggressive PCa. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) scan the genome to search associations of SNPs with specific traits, like cancer. To date, eight GWAS have resulted in the reporting of 16 SNPs associated with aggressive PCa (p < 5.00 × 10-2). Still, validation studies need to be conducted to confirm the obtained results as GWAS can generate false-positive results. Furthermore, post-GWAS studies provide a better understanding of the functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Moya L, Lai J, Hoffman A, Srinivasan S, Panchadsaram J, Chambers S, Clements JA, Batra J. Association Analysis of a Microsatellite Repeat in the TRIB1 Gene With Prostate Cancer Risk, Aggressiveness and Survival. Front Genet 2018; 9:428. [PMID: 30337939 PMCID: PMC6180282 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 1.1 million men worldwide diagnosed with prostate cancer yearly, effective and more specific biomarkers for early diagnosis could lead to better patient outcome. As such, novel genetic markers are sought for this purpose. The tribbles homologue 1 gene (TRIB1) has recently shown to have a role in prostate tumorigenesis and data-mining of prostate cancer expression data confirmed clinical significance of TRIB1 in prostate cancer. For the first time, a polymorphic microsatellite in this gene was studied for its potential association with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness. Genomic DNA was extracted from a cohort of 1,152 prostate cancer patients and 1,196 cancer-free controls and the TTTTG-TRIB1 microsatellite was genotyped. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the non-parametric t-test and two-way ANOVA. Association of the TTTTG-TRIB1 microsatellite and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness were analyzed by binary logistic regression and confirmed by bootstrapping. Total and prostate cancer mortality was analyzed using the Kaplan Meier test. Genotype and allele correlation with TRIB1 mRNA levels was analyzed using the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To predict the effect that the TTTTG-TRIB1 polymorphisms had on the mRNA structure, the in silico RNA folding predictor tool, mfold, was used. By analyzing the publicly available data, we confirmed a significant over-expression of TRIB1 in prostate cancer compared to other cancer types, and an over-expression in prostate cancerous tissue compared to adjacent benign. Three alleles (three-five repeats) were observed for TTTTG-TRIB1. The three-repeat allele was associated with prostate cancer risk at the allele (OR = 1.16; P = 0.044) and genotypic levels (OR = 1.70; P = 0.006) and this association was age-independent. The four-repeat allele was inversely associated with prosatet cancer risk (OR = 0.57; P < 0.0001). TRIB1 expression was upregulated in tumors when compared to adjacent cancer-free tissue but was not allele specific. In silico analysis suggested that the TTTTG-TRIB1 alleles may alter TRIB1 mRNA structure. In summary, the three-repeat allele was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, suggesting a biomarker potential for this microsatellite to predict prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional role of this microsatellite in regulating TRIB1 expression, perhaps by affecting the TRIB1 mRNA structure and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lai
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Hoffman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Nowinski S, Santaolalla A, O'Leary B, Loda M, Mirchandani A, Emberton M, Van Hemelrijck M, Grigoriadis A. Systematic identification of functionally relevant risk alleles to stratify aggressive versus indolent prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12812-12824. [PMID: 29560112 PMCID: PMC5849176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches for classification, including molecular features, are needed to direct therapy for men with low-grade prostate cancer (PCa), especially men on active surveillance. Risk alleles identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could improve prognostication. Those risk alleles that coincided with genes and somatic copy number aberrations associated with progression of PCa were selected as the most relevant for prognostication. In a systematic literature review, a total of 698 studies were collated. Fifty-three unique SNPs residing in 29 genomic regions, including 8q24, 10q11 and 19q13, were associated with PCa progression. Functional studies implicated 21 of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as modulating the expression of genes in the androgen receptor pathway and several other oncogenes. In particular, 8q24, encompassing MYC, harbours a high density of SNPs conferring unfavourable pathological characteristics in low-grade PCa, while a copy number gain of MYC in low-grade PCa was associated with prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy. By combining GWAS data with gene expression and structural rearrangements, risk alleles were identified that could provide a new basis for developing a prognostication tool to guide therapy for men with early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salpie Nowinski
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ben O'Leary
- Breast Cancer NOW Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha Mirchandani
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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11
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Hu Y, Gaedcke J, Emons G, Beissbarth T, Grade M, Jo P, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Wolff H, Camps J, Ghadimi BM, Ried T. Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci as predictive markers of rectal cancer prognosis after surgery. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:140-149. [PMID: 29119627 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism of rectal cancer and develop markers for disease prognostication, we generated and explored a dataset from 243 rectal cancer patients by gene expression microarray analysis of cancer samples and matched controls, and SNP-arrays of germline DNA. We found that two of the loci most strongly linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, 8q24 (upstream of MYC) and 18q21 (in the intron of SMAD7), as well as 20q13 (in the intron of LAMA5), are tightly associated with the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. For SNPs on 18q21 (rs12953717 and rs4464148) and 20q13 (rs4925386), alleles that correlate with higher risk for the development of CRC are associated with shorter disease free survival (DFS). However, for rs6983267 on 8q24, the low risk allele is associated with a higher risk for recurrence and metastasis after surgery, and importantly, is strongly correlated with the resistance of CRC cell lines to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We also found that although MYC expression is dramatically increased in cancer, patients with higher levels of MYC have a better prognosis. The expression of SMAD7 is weakly correlated with DFS. Notably, the presence of the 8q24 and 18q21 SNP alleles is not correlated with expression levels of MYC and SMAD7. rs4464148, and probably rs6983267 and rs4925386, are linked with overall survival time of patients. In conclusion, we show that several CRC risk SNPs detect subpopulations of rectal cancer patients with poor prognosis, and that rs6983267 probably affects prognosis through interfering with the resistance of cancer cells to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Georg Emons
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892.,Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Tim Beissbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Peter Jo
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Hendrik Wolff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Jordi Camps
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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12
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Yilmaz SG, Yencilek F, Yildirim A, Yencilek E, Isbir T. Effects of Caspase 9 Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:205-208. [PMID: 28358701 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common solid tumors and the second leading cause of the death due to malignancy in men. Caspase 9 (CASP9) is a member of the intrinsic pathway and plays a central role in the apoptosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genotyping of the CASP9 (rs1052576) polymorphism were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction for blood samples of prostate cancer patients (n=69) and controls (n=76). RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in the frequency of CASP9 genotypes (χ2=1.363; p=0.506). Patients with CASP9 (rs1052576) CT genotype were 12.8 fold higher in pathological stage of pT2a compared to any other stages of cancer (OR=0.078, 95% CI= 0.009-0.062; p=0.004). Also TT genotype carriers were 11.3 times lower in pathological stage of pT2a (OR=11.33, 95% CI=2.39-53.748; p=0.000). C allele carriers were 11.36 fold higher in pathological stage of pT2a compared to any other stages of cancer (OR=0.088, 95% CI=0.019-0.418; p=0.002). CONCLUSION CASP9 (rs1052576) C allele was decreasing the risk for pathological stage of patients with prostate cancer and also CT genotype had positive impact on pathological stage of patients with prostate cancer. CASP9 (rs1052576) TT genotype was seemed to be associated with higher risk of pathological stage. Those results implicated that CASP9 variations could be associated with severity of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gulec Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Yencilek
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildirim
- Department of Urology, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Yencilek
- Department of Radiology, Haydarpaşa Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Oh JJ, Park S, Lee SE, Hong SK, Lee S, Kim TJ, Lee IJ, Ho JN, Yoon S, Byun SS. Genetic risk score to predict biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer: prospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75979-75988. [PMID: 29100285 PMCID: PMC5652679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the genetic risk score (GRS) from a large-scale exome-wide association study as a tool of prediction for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in prostate cancer (PCa). Results The 16 SNPs were selected as significant predictors of BCR. The GRS in men experiencing BCR was -1.21, significantly higher than in non-BCR patients (–2.43) (p < 0.001). The 10-year BCR-free survival rate was 46.3% vs. 81.8% in the high-versus low GRS group, respectively (p < 0.001). The GRS was a significant factor after adjusting for other variables in Cox proportional hazard models (HR:1.630, p < 0.001). The predictive ability of the multivariate model without GRS was 84.4%, increased significantly to 88.0% when GRS was included (p = 0.0026). Materials and Methods Total 912 PCa patients were enrolled who had received RP and genotype analysis using Exome chip (HumanExome BeadChip). Genetic results were obtained by the methods of logistic regression analysis which measured the odds ratio (OR) to BCR. The GRS was calculated by the sum of each weighted-risk allele count multiplied by the natural logarithm of the respective ORs. Survival analyses were performed using the GRS. We compared the accuracy of separate multivariate models incorporating clinicopathological factors that either included or excluded the GRS. Conclusions GRS had additional predictive gain of BCR after RP in PCa. The addition of personally calculated GRS significantly increased the BCR prediction rate. After validation of these results, GRS of BCR could be potential biomarker to predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Jae Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sungroh Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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14
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Abstract
Although prostate cancer is the most common malignancy to affect men in the Western world, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. Like all cancers, prostate cancer is a genetic disease that is characterized by multiple genomic alterations, including point mutations, microsatellite variations, and chromosomal alterations such as translocations, insertions, duplications, and deletions. In prostate cancer, but not other carcinomas, these chromosome alterations result in a high frequency of gene fusion events. The development and application of novel high-resolution technologies has significantly accelerated the detection of genomic alterations, revealing the complex nature and heterogeneity of the disease. The clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer can be partly explained by this underlying genetic heterogeneity, which has been observed between patients from different geographical and ethnic populations, different individuals within these populations, different tumour foci within the same patient, and different cells within the same tumour focus. The highly heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer provides a real challenge for clinical disease management and a detailed understanding of the genetic alterations in all cells, including small subpopulations, would be highly advantageous.
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15
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16
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Mhatre DR, Mahale SD, Khatkhatay MI, Achrekar SK, Desai SS, Jagtap DD, Dhabalia JV, Tongaonkar HB, Dandekar SP, Varadkar AM. The rs10993994 in the proximal MSMB promoter region is a functional polymorphism in Asian Indian subjects. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:380. [PMID: 26240778 PMCID: PMC4516150 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microseminoprotein gene encoding prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) harbours a potential risk allele (rs10993994) for prostate cancer (PCa) in its promoter region. However, studies on rs10993994 have been sparse in Asian Indians. METHODS The present study recruited a sample population of 44 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, 33 PCa patients and 60 healthy participants, of which, participants without other confounding risk factors for PCa were retained. The serum PSP94 (sPSP94) levels were measured by a serum-based ELISA in an earlier study. A novel RFLP technique was developed to screen for rs10993994 which was validated with direct sequencing. RESULTS Sequencing showed additional 4 SNPs (rs41274660, rs141211965, rs12770171, rs10669586) and 2 novel variants (GenBank accession nos. KM265191 and KM265192). In silico DNA topographical studies predicted that KM265192 would have higher cleavage intensity and more accessibility for binding of transcription factors. Even though, similar frequencies were observed for all the variants in all the three study groups, the risk allele 'T' (rs10993994) was seen to be associated with reduced PSP94 expression both at mRNA and protein level. Further, mRNA expression as studied by real-time PCR correlated positively with sPSP94 levels. Interestingly, CC genotype of rs10993994 showed highest sPSP94 levels in all the three study groups and was associated with Gleason score ≤7 in PCa patients. In contrast, TT genotype of rs10993994 was associated with lesser sPSP94 levels and with aggressiveness of PCa. CONCLUSION rs10993994 was found to be a functional SNP in the studied Asian Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa R Mhatre
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Nutrition, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Mohammed I Khatkhatay
- Department of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati K Achrekar
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Swapna S Desai
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Dhanashree D Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Jayesh V Dhabalia
- Department of Urology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant B Tongaonkar
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta P Dandekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Nutrition, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Anand M Varadkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Nutrition, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 India
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17
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Zhao CX, Liu M, Xu Y, Yang K, Wei D, Shi XH, Yang F, Zhang YG, Wang X, Liang SY, Zhao F, Zhang YR, Wang NN, Chen X, Sun L, Zhu XQ, Yuan HP, Zhu L, Yang YG, Tang L, Jiao HY, Huo ZH, Wang JY, Yang Z. 8q24 rs4242382 polymorphism is a risk factor for prostate cancer among multi-ethnic populations: evidence from clinical detection in China and a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8311-7. [PMID: 25339022 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supporting an association between the 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) risk has been reported in North American and Europe populations, though data from Asian populations remain limited. We therefore investigated this association by clinical detection in China, and meta-analysis in Asian, Caucasian and African-American populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples and clinical information were collected from ethnically Chinese men from Northern China with histologically- confirmed PCa (n=335) and from age-matched normal controls (n=347). The 8q24 (rs4242382) gene polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting analysis. We initially analyzed the associations between the risk allele and PCa and clinical covariates. A meta-analysis was then performed using genotyping data from a total of 1,793 PCa cases and 1,864 controls from our study and previously published studies in American and European populations, to determine the association between PCa and risk genotype. RESULTS The incidence of the risk allele was higher in PCa cases than controls (0.222 vs 0.140, P=7.3?10-5), suggesting that the 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism was associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. The genotypes in subjects were in accordance with a dominant genetic model (ORadj=2.03, 95%CI: 1.42-2.91, Padj=1.1?10-4). Presence of the risk allele rs4242382-A at 8q24 was also associated with clinical covariates including age at diagnosis ≥65 years, prostate specific antigen >10 ng/ml, Gleason score <8, tumor stage and aggressive PCa, compared with the non-risk genotype (P=4.6?10-5-3.0?10-2). Meta-analysis confirmed the association between 8q24 rs4242382-A polymorphism and PCa risk (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.39-1.88, P=1.0?10-5) across Asian, Caucasian and African American populations. CONCLUSIONS The replicated data suggest that the 8q24 rs4242382-A variation might be associated with increased PCa susceptibility in Asian, Caucasian and African American populations. These results imply that this polymorphism may be a useful risk biomarker for PCa in multi-ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xiao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, China E-mail : ,
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18
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Helfand BT, Roehl KA, Cooper PR, McGuire BB, Fitzgerald LM, Cancel-Tassin G, Cornu JN, Bauer S, Van Blarigan EL, Chen X, Duggan D, Ostrander EA, Gwo-Shu M, Zhang ZF, Chang SC, Jeong S, Fontham ETH, Smith G, Mohler JL, Berndt SI, McDonnell SK, Kittles R, Rybicki BA, Freedman M, Kantoff PW, Pomerantz M, Breyer JP, Smith JR, Rebbeck TR, Mercola D, Isaacs WB, Wiklund F, Cussenot O, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ, Cannon-Albright L, Cooney KA, Chanock SJ, Stanford JL, Chan JM, Witte J, Xu J, Bensen JT, Taylor JA, Catalona WJ. Associations of prostate cancer risk variants with disease aggressiveness: results of the NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group analysis of 18,343 cases. Hum Genet 2015; 134:439-50. [PMID: 25715684 PMCID: PMC4586077 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). It remains unclear whether such genetic variants are associated with disease aggressiveness. The NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group retrospectively collected clinicopathologic information and genotype data for 36 SNPs which at the time had been validated to be associated with PC risk from 25,674 cases with PC. Cases were grouped according to race, Gleason score (Gleason ≤ 6, 7, ≥ 8) and aggressiveness (non-aggressive, intermediate, and aggressive disease). Statistical analyses were used to compare the frequency of the SNPs between different disease cohorts. After adjusting for multiple testing, only PC-risk SNP rs2735839 (G) was significantly and inversely associated with aggressive (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.69-0.87) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI 0.68-0.86) in European men. Similar associations with aggressive (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.58-0.89) and high-grade disease (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.54-0.87) were documented in African-American subjects. The G allele of rs2735839 was associated with disease aggressiveness even at low PSA levels (<4.0 ng/mL) in both European and African-American men. Our results provide further support that a PC-risk SNP rs2735839 near the KLK3 gene on chromosome 19q13 may be associated with aggressive and high-grade PC. Future prospectively designed, case-case GWAS are needed to identify additional SNPs associated with PC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Helfand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
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Oh JJ, Park S, Lee SE, Hong SK, Lee S, Lee HM, Lee JK, Ho JN, Yoon S, Byun SS. Genome-wide detection of allelic genetic variation to predict biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy among prostate cancer patients using an exome SNP chip. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1493-501. [PMID: 25764380 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Genetic variations among prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomies were evaluated to predict biochemical recurrence, and used to develop a clinical-genetic model that combines data on clinicopathological factors of prostate cancer and individual genetic variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped 242,186 SNPs on a custom HumanExome BeadChip v1.0 (Illuminam Inc.) from the blood DNA of 776 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Genetic data were analyzed to calculate an odds ratio as an estimate of the relative risk of biochemical recurrence. And we compared accuracies from the multivariate model incorporating clinicopathological factors between included and excluded selected lead single nucleotide polymorphisms. Biochemical recurrence-free survival outcomes also analyzed using these genetic variations. RESULTS Genetic array analysis indicated that eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs77080351, rs200944490, rs2071292, rs117237810, rs191118242, rs4965121, rs61742396, and rs6573513) were significant to predict biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. When a multivariate model incorporating clinicopathological factors was devised to predict biochemical recurrence, the predictive accuracy of model was 85.1 %. By adding in two individual variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the multivariate model, the predictive accuracy increased to 87.7 % (P = 0.045). With three variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms, the predictive accuracy further improved to 89.0 % (P = 0.025). These genetic variations had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Based on exome array, the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms were predictors for biochemical recurrence. The addition of individualized genetic information effectively enhanced the predictive accuracy of biochemical recurrence among prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Kyunggi-do, 463-707, Korea
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20
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Wallis CJ, Nam RK. Prostate Cancer Genetics: A Review. EJIFCC 2015; 26:79-91. [PMID: 27683484 PMCID: PMC4975354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has focussed on identifying the genetic underpinnings of prostate cancer. It has been recognized that a number of forms of genetic changes coupled with epigenetic and gene expression changes can increase the prediction to develop prostate cancer. This review outlines the role of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), structural rearrangements, point mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as miRNAs. Identifying relevant genetic changes offers the ability to develop novel biomarkers to allow early and accurate detection of prostate cancer as well as provide risk stratification of patients following their diagnosis. The concept of personalized or individualized medicine has gained significant attention. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic and metabolic pathways underlying prostate cancer development offers the opportunity to explore new therapeutic interventions with the possibility of offering patient-specific targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert K. Nam
- 2075 Bayview Ave., Room MG-406 Toronto, ON M4N 3MS Canada 416-480-5075416-480-6121Robert.Nam(5)utoronto.ca
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21
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Sharma V, Chaudhary A, Chashoo G, Arora S, Saxena AK, Ishar MPS. Induction of apoptosis by cyclobutanones and derived polycyclic γ-lactones: a preliminary analysis of antiproliferative activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclobutanones (7a–f) were synthesized by irradiation of β-ionone derived chalcones (4a–f) in aqueous methanol and further converted to polycyclic γ-lactones (8a–f) by Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Bio-Organic and Photochemistry Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143 005
- India
| | - Ashun Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental and Botanical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143 005
- India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu Tawi 180 001
- India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Environmental and Botanical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143 005
- India
| | - Ajit K. Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu Tawi 180 001
- India
| | - Mohan Paul S. Ishar
- Bio-Organic and Photochemistry Laboratory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143 005
- India
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22
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Shui IM, Lindström S, Kibel AS, Berndt SI, Campa D, Gerke T, Penney KL, Albanes D, Berg C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Chanock S, Crawford ED, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Henderson B, Hoover R, Johansson M, Le Marchand L, Ma J, Navarro C, Overvad K, Schumacher FR, Severi G, Siddiq A, Stampfer M, Stevens VL, Travis RC, Trichopoulos D, Vineis P, Mucci LA, Yeager M, Giovannucci E, Kraft P. Prostate cancer (PCa) risk variants and risk of fatal PCa in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. Eur Urol 2014; 65:1069-75. [PMID: 24411283 PMCID: PMC4006298 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is hampered by an inability to predict who has the potential to develop fatal disease and who has indolent cancer. Studies have identified multiple genetic risk loci for PCa incidence, but it is unknown whether they could be used as biomarkers for PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). OBJECTIVE To examine the association of 47 established PCa risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with PCSM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We included 10 487 men who had PCa and 11 024 controls, with a median follow-up of 8.3 yr, during which 1053 PCa deaths occurred. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The main outcome was PCSM. The risk allele was defined as the allele associated with an increased risk for PCa in the literature. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate the hazard ratios of each SNP with time to progression to PCSM after diagnosis. We also used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for each risk SNP, comparing fatal PCa cases to controls. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among the cases, we found that 8 of the 47 SNPs were significantly associated (p<0.05) with time to PCSM. The risk allele of rs11672691 (intergenic) was associated with an increased risk for PCSM, while 7 SNPs had risk alleles inversely associated (rs13385191 [C2orf43], rs17021918 [PDLIM5], rs10486567 [JAZF1], rs6465657 [LMTK2], rs7127900 (intergenic), rs2735839 [KLK3], rs10993994 [MSMB], rs13385191 [C2orf43]). In the case-control analysis, 22 SNPs were associated (p<0.05) with the risk of fatal PCa, but most did not differentiate between fatal and nonfatal PCa. Rs11672691 and rs10993994 were associated with both fatal and nonfatal PCa, while rs6465657, rs7127900, rs2735839, and rs13385191 were associated with nonfatal PCa only. CONCLUSIONS Eight established risk loci were associated with progression to PCSM after diagnosis. Twenty-two SNPs were associated with fatal PCa incidence, but most did not differentiate between fatal and nonfatal PCa. The relatively small magnitudes of the associations do not translate well into risk prediction, but these findings merit further follow-up, because they may yield important clues about the complex biology of fatal PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we assessed whether established PCa risk variants could predict PCSM. We found eight risk variants associated with PCSM: One predicted an increased risk of PCSM, while seven were associated with decreased risk. Larger studies that focus on fatal PCa are needed to identify more markers that could aid prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Helfand BT, Catalona WJ. The Epidemiology and Clinical Implications of Genetic Variation in Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:277-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Lévesque É, Laverdière I, Audet-Walsh É, Caron P, Rouleau M, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Guillemette C. Steroidogenic Germline Polymorphism Predictors of Prostate Cancer Progression in the Estradiol Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2971-83. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Grotenhuis AJ, Dudek AM, Verhaegh GW, Witjes JA, Aben KK, van der Marel SL, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LA. Prognostic relevance of urinary bladder cancer susceptibility loci. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89164. [PMID: 24586564 PMCID: PMC3934869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, susceptibility loci have been identified for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) through candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies. Prognostic relevance of most of these loci is yet unknown. In this study, we used data of the Nijmegen Bladder Cancer Study (NBCS) to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the prognostic relevance of all confirmed UBC susceptibility loci. Detailed clinical data concerning diagnosis, stage, treatment, and disease course of a population-based series of 1,602 UBC patients were collected retrospectively based on a medical file survey. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed, and log-rank tests calculated, to evaluate the association between 12 confirmed UBC susceptibility variants and recurrence and progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. Among muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (MIBC) patients, association of these variants with overall survival was tested. Subgroup analyses by tumor aggressiveness and smoking status were performed in NMIBC patients. In the overall NMIBC group (n = 1,269), a statistically significant association between rs9642880 at 8q24 and risk of progression was observed (GT vs. TT: HR = 1.08 (95% CI: 0.76-1.54), GG vs. TT: HR = 1.81 (95% CI: 1.23-2.66), P for trend = 2.6 × 10(-3)). In subgroup analyses, several other variants showed suggestive, though non-significant, prognostic relevance for recurrence and progression in NMIBC and survival in MIBC. This study provides suggestive evidence that genetic loci involved in UBC etiology may influence disease prognosis. Elucidation of the causal variant(s) could further our understanding of the mechanism of disease, could point to new therapeutic targets, and might aid in improvement of prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M. Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K. Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Debiais-Delpech C, Godet J, Pedretti N, Bernard FX, Irani J, Cathelineau X, Cussenot O, Fromont G. Expression patterns of candidate susceptibility genes HNF1β and CtBP2 in prostate cancer: association with tumor progression. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:426-32. [PMID: 24332637 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies have identified variants at multiple loci associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Some of these loci include candidate susceptibility genes, such as MSMB, HNF1β, and C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP2). Except for MSMB, the clinicopathological significance of these genes has not been investigated. We therefore aimed to analyze their expression in PCa tissues, in relation with tumor progression and aggressiveness. METHODS AND MATERIALS Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing samples from normal prostate (NL, n = 91), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN, n = 61), clinically localized PCa (CLC, n = 434), PCa metastases (M, n = 28), and castration-resistant PCa (CRC, n = 49). Moreover, mRNA expression for each marker was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, on 53 frozen samples of NL, CLC, and CRC. RESULTS These genes were differentially expressed at the different stages of PCa natural history. MSMB expression decreased with disease development and progression. In contrast, nuclear HNF1β and CtBP2 staining significantly increased in the CRC and M groups when compared with CLC, together with the transcripts levels. In patients with CLC, HNF1β and CtBP2 nuclear expressions were strongly associated with cancer cell proliferation. After adjusting for the Gleason score and the pathological stage, none of the candidate genes was significantly predictive of recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In patients with CRC, CtBP2 nuclear staining was associated with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of MSMB expression during tumor progression strongly supports its role as a tumor-suppressor gene. Although its functions remain to be clarified in PCa cells, HNF1β and CtBP2 are associated with cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, and castration-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Godet
- Department of Pathology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Irani
- Department of Urology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- Centre d'etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatique (CeRePP), Hospital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Fromont
- Department of Pathology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Centre d'etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatique (CeRePP), Hospital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Variation in HNF1B and Obesity May Influence Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Men: A Pilot Study. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:384594. [PMID: 24386569 PMCID: PMC3872424 DOI: 10.1155/2013/384594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) racial disparity is multifactorial, involving biological, sociocultural, and lifestyle determinants. We investigated the association between selected potentially functional polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Black (AAM) and White (EAM) men. We further explored if these associations varied by the body mass index (BMI) and height. Methods. Age-matched DNA samples from 259 AAM and 269 EAM were genotyped for 10 candidate SNPs in 7 genes using the TaqMan allelic differentiation analysis. The dominant, recessive, and additive age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were fitted. Results. Three SNPs showed statistically significant associations with PCa risk: in AAM, HNF1B rs7501939 (OR = 2.42, P = 0.0046) and rs4430796 (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0383); in EAM, CTBP2 rs4962416 (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0384). In addition, high BMI in AAM (OR = 1.06, P = 0.022) and height in EAM (OR = 0.92, P = 0.0434) showed significant associations. Interestingly, HNF1B rs7501939 was associated with PCa exclusively in obese AAM (OR = 2.14, P = 0.0103). Conclusion. Our results suggest that variation in the HNF1B may influence PCa risk in obese AAM.
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28
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Chen R, Ren S, Sun Y. Genome-wide association studies on prostate cancer: the end or the beginning? Protein Cell 2013; 4:677-86. [PMID: 23982739 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been highly successful in discovering susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Currently, more than twenty GWAS have identified more than fifty common variants associated with susceptibility with PCa. Yet with the increase in loci, voices from the scientific society are calling for more. In this review, we summarize current findings, discuss the common problems troubling current studies and shed light upon possible breakthroughs in the future. GWAS is the beginning of something wonderful. Although we are quite near the end of the beginning, post-GWAS studies are just taking off and future studies are needed extensively. It is believed that in the future GWAS information will be helpful to build a comprehensive system intergraded with PCa prevention, diagnosis, molecular classification, personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in the world with over 890 000 cases and over 258 000 deaths worldwide each year. Nearly all mortalities from PCa are due to metastatic disease, typically through tumors that evolve to be hormone-refractory or castrate-resistant. Despite intensive epidemiological study, there are few known environmental risk factors, and age and family history are the major determinants. However, there is extreme heterogeneity in PCa incidence worldwide, suggesting that major determining factors have not been described. Genome-wide association studies have been performed and a considerable number of significant, but low-risk loci have been identified. In addition, several groups have analyzed PCa by determination of genomic copy number, fusion gene generation and targeted resequencing of candidate genes, as well as exome and whole genome sequencing. These initial studies have examined both primary and metastatic tumors as well as murine xenografts and identified somatic alterations in TP53 and other potential driver genes, and the disturbance of androgen response and cell cycle pathways. It is hoped that continued characterization of risk factors as well as gene mutation and misregulation in tumors will aid in understanding, diagnosing and better treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dean
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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30
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Agalliu I, Wang Z, Wang T, Dunn A, Parikh H, Myers T, Burk RD, Amundadottir L. Characterization of SNPs associated with prostate cancer in men of Ashkenazic descent from the set of GWAS identified SNPs: impact of cancer family history and cumulative SNP risk prediction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60083. [PMID: 23573233 PMCID: PMC3616024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple SNPs associated with prostate cancer (PrCa). Population isolates may have different sets of risk alleles for PrCa constituting unique population and individual risk profiles. METHODS To test this hypothesis, associations between 31 GWAS SNPs of PrCa were examined among 979 PrCa cases and 1,251 controls of Ashkenazic descent using logistic regression. We also investigated risks by age at diagnosis, pathological features of PrCa, and family history of cancer. Moreover, we examined associations between cumulative number of risk alleles and PrCa and assessed the utility of risk alleles in PrCa risk prediction by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) for different logistic models. RESULTS Of the 31 genotyped SNPs, 8 were associated with PrCa at p ≤ 0.002 (corrected p-value threshold) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.22 to 1.42 per risk allele. Four SNPs were associated with aggressive PrCa, while three other SNPs showed potential interactions for PrCa by family history of PrCa (rs8102476; 19q13), lung cancer (rs17021918; 4q22), and breast cancer (rs10896449; 11q13). Men in the highest vs. lowest quartile of cumulative number of risk alleles had ORs of 3.70 (95% CI 2.76-4.97); 3.76 (95% CI 2.57-5.50), and 5.20 (95% CI 2.94-9.19) for overall PrCa, aggressive cancer and younger age at diagnosis, respectively. The addition of cumulative risk alleles to the model containing age at diagnosis and family history of PrCa yielded a slightly higher AUC (0.69 vs. 0.64). CONCLUSION These data define a set of risk alleles associated with PrCa in men of Ashkenazic descent and indicate possible genetic differences for PrCa between populations of European and Ashkenazic ancestry. Use of genetic markers might provide an opportunity to identify men at highest risk for younger age of onset PrCa; however, their clinical utility in identifying men at highest risk for aggressive cancer remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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31
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You OH, Kim SH, Kim B, Sohn EJ, Lee HJ, Shim BS, Yun M, Kwon BM, Kim SH. Ginkgetin induces apoptosis via activation of caspase and inhibition of survival genes in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2692-5. [PMID: 23523142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgetin is a natural biflavonoid isolated from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. Though it was known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-influenza virus, anti-fungal activity, osteoblast differentiation stimulating activity and neuro-protective effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism of ginkgetin still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, anti-cancer mechanism of ginkgetin was elucidated in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Ginkgetin suppressed the viability of PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and also significantly increased the sub-G1 DNA contents of cell cycle in PC-3 cells. Ginkgetin activated caspase-3 and attenuated the expression of survival genes such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin and Cyclin D1 at protein and mRNA levels. Consistently, pan-caspase inhibitor Z-DEVD-fmk blocked sub G1 accumulation and cleavages of PRAP and caspase 3 induced by ginkgetin in PC-3 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that ginkgetin induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells via activation of caspase 3 and inhibition of survival genes as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Heui You
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Ribeiro da Silva M, Tobias-Machado M, Lima-Pompeo A, Reis L, da Silva Pinhal M. [Prostate cancer: promising biomarkers related to aggressive disease]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:484-90. [PMID: 22520043 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a rapidly growing number of candidate biological markers of prognosis and/or response to specific treatments in prostate cancer, none have to date showed ability to completely prognosticate prostate cancer on evidence based urology. OBJECTIVE To review the pertinent literature on the issue. ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE A comprehensive review of the current literature was done focusing on promising biomarkers related to aggressive prostate cancer. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Combined with the heterogeneous nature of the disease, mixed case series are the most common study design, impeding robust results and the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. Improvement in prostate cancer patient survival requires not only the identification of new therapeutic target based on detailed understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination and tumor growth but strong clinical studies as well. CONCLUSION Better study design involving potential markers and including well-classified and staged patients with robust methodology and adequate outcomes (mainly survival) are necessary to the field evolution.
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Batai K, Shah E, Murphy AB, Newsome J, Ruden M, Ahaghotu C, Kittles RA. Fine-mapping of IL16 gene and prostate cancer risk in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2059-68. [PMID: 22923025 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States, and its incidence and mortality rates are disproportionate among ethnic groups. Although genome-wide association studies of European descents have identified candidate loci associated with prostate cancer risk, including a variant in IL16, replication studies in African Americans (AA) have been inconsistent. Here we explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in IL16 in AAs and test for association with prostate cancer. METHODS Association tests were conducted for 2,257 genotyped and imputed SNPs spanning IL16 in 605 AA prostate cancer cases and controls from Washington, D.C. Eleven of them were also genotyped in a replication population of 1,093 AAs from Chicago. We tested for allelic association adjusting for age, global and local West African ancestry. RESULTS Analyses of genotyped and imputed SNPs revealed that a cluster of IL16 SNPs were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. The strongest association was found at rs7175701 (P = 9.8 × 10(-8)). In the Chicago population, another SNP (rs11556218) was associated with prostate cancer risk (P = 0.01). In the pooled analysis, we identified three independent loci within IL16 that were associated with prostate cancer risk. SNP expression quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that rs7175701 is predicted to influence the expression of IL16 and other cancer-related genes. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that IL16 polymorphisms play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility among AAs. IMPACT Our findings are significant given that there has been limited focus on the role of IL16 genetic polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk in AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Institute of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-4067, USA
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Dluzniewski PJ, Wang MH, Zheng SL, De Marzo AM, Drake CG, Fedor HL, Partin AW, Han M, Fallin MD, Xu J, Isaacs WB, Platz EA. Variation in IL10 and other genes involved in the immune response and in oxidation and prostate cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1774-82. [PMID: 22859398 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association of variation in genes involved in immune response, including IL10, production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and repair of oxidative DNA damage with risk of recurrence after surgery for localized prostate cancer. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of men who had a radical prostatectomy in 1993 to 2001. A total of 484 recurrence cases and 484 controls were matched on age, race, and pathologic stage and grade. Germline DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded unaffected lymph nodes. We genotyped candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in IL10, CRP, GPX1, GSR, GSTP1, hOGG1, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL8, MPO, NOS2, NOS3, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, TLR4, and TNF and tagging SNPs in IL10, CRP, GSR, IL1RN, IL6, NOS2, and NOS3. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The minor allele (A) in IL10 rs1800872, known to produce less interleukin-10 (IL-10), was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00-3.10), and the minor allele (G) in rs1800896, known to produce more IL-10, was associated with a lower risk of recurrence (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.91). We also observed associations for candidate SNPs in CRP, GSTP1, and IL1B. A common IL10 haplotype and 2 common NOS2 haplotypes were associated with recurrence. CONCLUSION Variation in IL10, CRP, GSTP1, IL1B, and NOS2 was associated with prostate cancer recurrence independent of pathologic prognostic factors. IMPACT This study supports that genetic variation in immune response and oxidation influence prostate cancer recurrence risk and suggests genetic variation in these pathways may inform prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Dluzniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Todenhöfer T, Schwentner C, Stenzl A. Personalized Treatment of Prostate Cancer Based on Inherited Variations of Steroid Pathway–Related Genes. Eur Urol 2012; 62:97-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Audet-Walsh É, Bellemare J, Lacombe L, Fradet Y, Fradet V, Douville P, Guillemette C, Lévesque É. The Impact of Germline Genetic Variations in Hydroxysteroid (17-Beta) Dehydrogenases on Prostate Cancer Outcomes After Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2012; 62:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bertucci F, Lagarde A, Ferrari A, Finetti P, Charafe-Jauffret E, Van Laere S, Adelaide J, Viens P, Thomas G, Birnbaum D, Olschwang S. 8q24 Cancer risk allele associated with major metastatic risk in inflammatory breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37943. [PMID: 22666420 PMCID: PMC3362533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association studies have identified low penetrance alleles that participate to the risk of cancer development. The 8q24 chromosomal region contains several such loci involved in various cancers that have been recently studied for their propensity to influence the clinical outcome of prostate cancer. We investigated here two 8q24 breast and colon cancer risk alleles in the close vicinity of the MYC gene for their role in the occurrence of distant metastases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A retrospective series of 449 patients affected with breast or colon adenocarcinoma was genotyped for the rs13281615 and/or rs6983267 SNPs. Statistical analyses were done using the survival package v2.30 in the R software v2.9.1. The two SNPs did not influence the development of distant metastases of colon cancer; rs6983267 showed a mild effect on breast cancer. However, this effect was greatly emphasized when considering inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) solely. Replicated on a larger and independent series of IBC the contribution of the genotype to the metastatic risk of IBC was found an independent predictor of outcome (p = 2e-4; OR 8.3, CI95:2.6-33). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows first that the monitoring of this specific germline variation may add a substantial tool for IBC prognostication, an aggressive disease that evolves towards distant metastases much more frequently than non-IBC and for which no reliable prognostic factor is available in medical practice. Second, it more generally suggests that risk alleles, while associated with low susceptibility, could correlate with a high risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Lagarde
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Ferrari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Group, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - José Adelaide
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Thomas
- Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Olschwang
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Martin SK, Vaughan TB, Atkinson T, Zhu H, Kyprianou N. Emerging biomarkers of prostate cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2012; 28:409-17. [PMID: 22641253 PMCID: PMC3693823 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer progression involves activation of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, anoikis, angiogenesis and metastasis. The current PSA-based test for the diagnosis of prostate cancer lacks sensitivity and specificity, resulting in missed diagnoses and unnecessary biopsies. Intense research efforts to identify serum and tissue biomarkers will expand the opportunities to understand the functional activation of cancer-related pathways and consequently lead to molecular therapeutic targeting towards inhibition of tumor growth. Current literature describes multiple biomarkers that indicate the properties of prostate cancer including its presence, stage, metastatic potential and prognosis. Used singly, assays detecting these biomarkers have their respective shortcomings. Several recent studies evaluating the clinical utilization of multiple markers show promising results in improving prostate cancer profiling. This review discusses the current understanding of biomarker signature cluster-based approaches for the diagnosis and therapeutic response of prostate cancer derived from panels of biomarker tests that provide a selective molecular signature characteristic of the tumor. As these signatures are robustly defined and their pathways are exhaustively dissected, prostate cancer can be more accurately diagnosed, characterized, staged and targeted with inhibitory antitumor agents. The growing promise surrounding the recent evidence in identifying and utilizing such biomarker panels, will lead to improvement in cancer prognosis and management of the therapeutic response of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1599-610. [PMID: 21715604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk-associated genetic variants primarily in populations of European descent. Less is known about the association of these variants in high-risk populations, including men of African descent and men with a family history of prostate cancer. This article provides a detailed review of published studies of prostate cancer-associated genetic variants originally identified in GWAS and replicated in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles replicating GWAS findings (National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS database) were identified by searching PubMed and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven replication studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in prostate cancer GWAS, 19 SNPs (63%) were replicated in men of African descent and 10 SNPs (33%) were replicated in men with familial and/or hereditary prostate cancer (FPC/HPC). The majority of SNPs were located at the 8q24 region with modest effect sizes (OR 1.11-2.63 in African American men and OR 1.3-2.51 in men with FPC). All replicated SNPs at 8q24 among men of African descent were within or near regions 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed several GWAS markers with replicated associations with prostate cancer in men of African descent and men with FPC/HPC. The 8q24 region continues to be the most implicated in prostate cancer risk. These replication data support ongoing study of clinical utility and potential function of these prostate cancer-associated variants in high-risk men. IMPACT The replicated SNPs presented in this review hold promise for personalizing risk assessment for prostate cancer for high-risk men upon further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B Ishak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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