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Robey RW, Fitzsimmons CM, Guiblet WM, Frye WJE, González Dalmasy JM, Wang L, Russell DA, Huff LM, Perciaccante AJ, Ali-Rahmani F, Lipsey CC, Wade HM, Mitchell AV, Maligireddy SS, Terrero D, Butcher D, Edmondson EF, Jenkins LM, Nikitina T, Zhurkin VB, Tiwari AK, Piscopio AD, Totah RA, Bates SE, Arda HE, Gottesman MM, Batista PJ. The Methyltransferases METTL7A and METTL7B Confer Resistance to Thiol-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:464-477. [PMID: 38151817 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are part of a growing class of epigenetic therapies used for the treatment of cancer. Although HDACis are effective in the treatment of T-cell lymphomas, treatment of solid tumors with this class of drugs has not been successful. Overexpression of the multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by ABCB1, is known to confer resistance to the HDACi romidepsin in vitro, yet increased ABCB1 expression has not been associated with resistance in patients, suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance arise in the clinic. To identify alternative mechanisms of resistance to romidepsin, we selected MCF-7 breast cancer cells with romidepsin in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor verapamil to reduce the likelihood of P-gp-mediated resistance. The resulting cell line, MCF-7 DpVp300, does not express P-gp and was found to be selectively resistant to romidepsin but not to other HDACis such as belinostat, panobinostat, or vorinostat. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of the mRNA coding for the putative methyltransferase, METTL7A, whose paralog, METTL7B, was previously shown to methylate thiol groups on hydrogen sulfide and captopril. As romidepsin has a thiol as the zinc-binding moiety, we hypothesized that METTL7A could inactivate romidepsin and other thiol-based HDACis via methylation of the thiol group. We demonstrate that expression of METTL7A or METTL7B confers resistance to thiol-based HDACis and that both enzymes are capable of methylating thiol-containing HDACis. We thus propose that METTL7A and METTL7B confer resistance to thiol-based HDACis by methylating and inactivating the zinc-binding thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina M Fitzsimmons
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wilfried M Guiblet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William J E Frye
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - José M González Dalmasy
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Developmental Genomics Group, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Drake A Russell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lyn M Huff
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Perciaccante
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fatima Ali-Rahmani
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal C Lipsey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heidi M Wade
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allison V Mitchell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Siddhardha S Maligireddy
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Cancer Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tatiana Nikitina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor B Zhurkin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Cancer Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan E Bates
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Hematology/Oncology Research Department, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Developmental Genomics Group, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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2
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Barbi M, Carvajal RD, Devoe CE. Updates in the Management of Uveal Melanoma. Cancer J 2024; 30:92-101. [PMID: 38527262 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Uveal melanoma (UM), arising from intraocular melanocytes, poses a complex clinical challenge with a substantial risk of distant metastasis, often to the liver. Molecular profiling, encompassing genetic, cytogenetic, gene expression, and immunological subsets, plays a pivotal role in determining prognoses. The evolving landscape includes promising systemic treatments, such as tebentafusp, a novel immune-modulating bispecific fusion protein, and targeted therapies. Combined regional and systemic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and innovative liver-directed therapy, are also under investigation. Although recent progress has improved outcomes, ongoing research aims to address the unique challenges of UM and develop effective therapies, particularly for HLA-A*02:01-negative patients who represent a significant unmet medical need. This review comprehensively discusses the molecular characteristics of UM, risk stratification methods, and the current and future spectrum of regional and systemic therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig E Devoe
- From the Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park
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3
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Herwig-Carl MC, Sharma A, Tischler V, Pelusi N, Loeffler KU, Holz FG, Zeschnigk M, Landreville S, Auw-Haedrich C, Noberini R, Bonaldi T. Mass Spectrometry-Based Profiling of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Uveal Melanoma Tissues, Human Melanocytes, and Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines - A Pilot Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:27. [PMID: 38349785 PMCID: PMC10868634 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic alterations in uveal melanoma (UM) are still neither well characterized, nor understood. In this pilot study, we sought to provide a deeper insight into the possible role of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of UM and their potential prognostic relevance. To this aim, we comprehensively profiled histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), which represent epigenetic features regulating chromatin accessibility and gene transcription, in UM formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, control tissues, UM cell lines, and healthy melanocytes. Methods FFPE tissues of UM (n = 24), normal choroid (n = 4), human UM cell lines (n = 7), skin melanocytes (n = 6), and uveal melanocytes (n = 2) were analyzed through a quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Results Hierarchical clustering showed a clear separation with several histone PTMs that changed significantly in a tumor compared to normal samples, in both tissues and cell lines. In addition, several acetylations and H4K20me1 showed lower levels in BAP1 mutant tumors. Some of these changes were also observed when we compared GNA11 mutant tumors with GNAQ tumors. The epigenetic profiling of cell lines revealed that the UM cell lines MP65 and UPMM1 have a histone PTM pattern closer to the primary tissues than the other cell lines analyzed. Conclusions Our results suggest the existence of different histone PTM patterns that may be important for diagnosis and prognosis in UM. However, further analyses are needed to confirm these findings in a larger cohort. The epigenetic characterization of a panel of UM cell lines suggested which cellular models are more suitable for epigenetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina C. Herwig-Carl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Ophthalmic Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centrum for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Tischler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalie Pelusi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin U. Loeffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Ophthalmic Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank G. Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centrum for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Cervicofacial Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Khan SA, Almalki WH, Arora S, Kesharwani P. Recent approaches for the treatment of uveal melanoma: Opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104218. [PMID: 38040071 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular cancer in adult population. Primary methods for treatment of UM involves surgery Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), Plaque Brachytherapy, phototherapy, and Charged Particle Radiation Therapy (CPT). It has been found that approximately 50 % of patients diagnosed with UM ultimately experience development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, it has been identified that majority of the patient experience metastasis in liver with a prevalence of 95 %. Management of metastatic UM (MUM) involves various therapeutic modalities, including systemic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and liver directed interventions. We outline gene mutation in UM and addresses various treatment modalities, including molecular targeted therapy, miRNA-based therapy, and immunotherapy. Additionally, inclusion of ongoing clinical trials aimed at developing novel therapeutic options for management of UM are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauban Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swaranjeet Arora
- Department of Finance and Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, 11/07 Dwarka Sector 11, Near Metro Station, New Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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5
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van den Bosch QCC, de Klein A, Verdijk RM, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal melanoma modeling in mice and zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189055. [PMID: 38104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and refined therapeutic options, the survival for metastasized uveal melanoma (UM) patients has not improved significantly. UM, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract, can be asymptomatic and small tumors may be detected only during routine ophthalmic exams; making early detection and treatment difficult. UM is the result of a number of characteristic somatic alterations which are associated with prognosis. Although UM morphology and biology have been extensively studied, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the early stages of UM tumor evolution and effective treatment to prevent metastatic disease remain elusive. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enable UM cells to thrive and successfully metastasize is crucial to improve treatment efficacy and survival rates. For more than forty years, animal models have been used to investigate the biology of UM. This has led to a number of essential mechanisms and pathways involved in UM aetiology. These models have also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various drugs and treatment protocols. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological studies using mouse and zebrafish UM models. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutics and discuss future considerations using UM models such as optimal inoculation sites, use of BAP1mut-cell lines and the rise of zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy C C van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Wu Y, Hou J, Ren R, Chen Z, Yue M, Li L, Hou H, Zheng X, Li L. DNA methylation and lipid metabolism are involved in GA-induced maize aleurone layers PCD as revealed by transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:584. [PMID: 37993774 PMCID: PMC10664605 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aleurone layer is a part of many plant seeds, and during seed germination, aleurone cells undergo PCD, which is promoted by GA from the embryo. However, the numerous components of the GA signaling pathway that mediate PCD of the aleurone layers remain to be identified. Few genes and transcriptomes have been studied thus far in aleurone layers to improve our understanding of how PCD occurs and how the regulatory mechanism functions during PCD. Our previous studies have shown that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are required in GA-induced PCD of aleurone layer. To further explore the molecular mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications regulate aleurone PCD, we performed a global comparative transcriptome analysis of embryoless aleurones treated with GA or histone acetylase (HAT) inhibitors. RESULTS In this study, a total of 7,919 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed, 2,554 DEGs of which were found to be common under two treatments. These identified DEGs were involved in various biological processes, including DNA methylation, lipid metabolism and ROS signaling. Further investigations revealed that inhibition of DNA methyltransferases prevented aleurone PCD, suggesting that active DNA methylation plays a role in regulating aleurone PCD. GA or HAT inhibitor induced lipoxygenase gene expression, leading to lipid degradation, but this process was not affected by DNA methylation. However, DNA methylation inhibitor could regulate ROS-related gene expression and inhibit GA-induced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). CONCLUSION Overall, linking of lipoxygenase, DNA methylation, and H2O2 may indicate that GA-induced higher HDAC activity in aleurones causes breakdown of lipids via regulating lipoxygenase gene expression, and increased DNA methylation positively mediates H2O2 production; thus, DNA methylation and lipid metabolism pathways may represent an important and complex signaling network in maize aleurone PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequn Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruifei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haoli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xueke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- College of Food, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Lijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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7
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Arang N, Lubrano S, Ceribelli M, Rigiracciolo DC, Saddawi-Konefka R, Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Kim D, Tosto FA, Stevenson E, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Bogomolovas J, Molinolo AA, Swaney DL, Krogan NJ, Yang J, Coma S, Pachter JA, Aplin AE, Alessi DR, Thomas CJ, Gutkind JS. High-throughput chemogenetic drug screening reveals PKC-RhoA/PKN as a targetable signaling vulnerability in GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101244. [PMID: 37858338 PMCID: PMC10694608 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent cancer of the eye in adults, driven by activating mutation of GNAQ/GNA11; however, there are limited therapies against UM and metastatic UM (mUM). Here, we perform a high-throughput chemogenetic drug screen in GNAQ-mutant UM contrasted with BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma, defining the druggable landscape of these distinct melanoma subtypes. Across all compounds, darovasertib demonstrates the highest preferential activity against UM. Our investigation reveals that darovasertib potently inhibits PKC as well as PKN/PRK, an AGC kinase family that is part of the "dark kinome." We find that downstream of the Gαq-RhoA signaling axis, PKN converges with ROCK to control FAK, a mediator of non-canonical Gαq-driven signaling. Strikingly, darovasertib synergizes with FAK inhibitors to halt UM growth and promote cytotoxic cell death in vitro and in preclinical metastatic mouse models, thus exposing a signaling vulnerability that can be exploited as a multimodal precision therapy against mUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simone Lubrano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Farhoud Faraji
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frances A Tosto
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Zhuang A, Gu X, Ge T, Wang S, Ge S, Chai P, Jia R, Fan X. Targeting histone deacetylase suppresses tumor growth through eliciting METTL14-modified m 6 A RNA methylation in ocular melanoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1185-1206. [PMID: 37466203 PMCID: PMC10631484 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversified histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACis) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. N6-methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent messenger RNA modification that plays an essential role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Howbeit, an in-depth understanding of the crosstalk between histone acetylation and m6 A RNA modifications remains enigmatic. This study aimed to explore the role of histone acetylation and m6 A modifications in the regulation of tumorigenesis of ocular melanoma. METHODS Histone modification inhibitor screening was used to explore the effects of HDACis on ocular melanoma cells. Dot blot assay was used to detect the global m6 A RNA modification level. Multi-omics assays, including RNA-sequencing, cleavage under targets and tagmentation, single-cell sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meRIP-seq), and m6 A individual nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation-sequencing (miCLIP-seq), were performed to reveal the mechanisms of HDACis on methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and FAT tumor suppressor homolog 4 (FAT4) in ocular melanoma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were applied to detect the expression of METTL14 and FAT4 in ocular melanoma cells and tissues. Cell models and orthotopic xenograft models were established to determine the roles of METTL14 and FAT4 in the growth of ocular melanoma. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR, meRIP-seq, miCLIP-seq, and RNA stability assay were adopted to investigate the mechanism by which m6 A levels of FAT4 were affected. RESULTS First, we found that ocular melanoma cells presented vulnerability towards HDACis. HDACis triggered the elevation of m6 A RNA modification in ocular melanoma. Further studies revealed that METTL14 served as a downstream candidate for HDACis. METTL14 was silenced by the hypo-histone acetylation status, whereas HDACi restored the normal histone acetylation level of METTL14, thereby inducing its expression. Subsequently, METTL14 served as a tumor suppressor by promoting the expression of FAT4, a tumor suppressor, in a m6 A-YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1-dependent manner. Taken together, we found that HDACi restored the histone acetylation level of METTL14 and subsequently elicited METTL14-mediated m6 A modification in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HDACis exert anti-cancer effects by orchestrating m6 A modification, which unveiling a "histone-RNA crosstalk" of the HDAC/METTL14/FAT4 epigenetic cascade in ocular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhuang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiP. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiP. R. China
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9
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Luo Y, Ni R, Jin X, Feng P, Dai C, Jiang L, Chen P, Yang L, Zhu Y. FOXD1 expression-based prognostic model for uveal melanoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21333. [PMID: 38027647 PMCID: PMC10651470 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXD1, a new member of the FOX transcription factor family, serves as a mediator and biomarker for cell reprogramming. But its contribution to prognosis of uveal melanoma (UVM) is unclear. This study demonstrated that FOXD1 might promote tumor growth and invasion, because FOXD1 expression was negatively correlated with overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival in UVM patients. This conjecture was verified in cell culture with human uveal melanoma cell line (MUM2B) as model cells. Additionally, the biological mechanisms of FOXD1 based on FOXD1-related genomic spectrum, molecular pathways, tumor microenvironment, and drug treatment sensitivity were examined using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, aiming to reasonably explain why FOXD1 leads to poor prognosis of UVM. On these bases, a novel tumor prognostic model was established using the FOXD1-related immunomodulators TMEM173, TNFRSF4, TNFSF13, and ULBP1, which will enable the stratification of disease seriousness and clinical treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Renhao Ni
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peipei Feng
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Chenyi Dai
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lingjing Jiang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | | | - Lu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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10
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Schelch K, Emminger D, Zitta B, Johnson TG, Kopatz V, Eder S, Ries A, Stefanelli A, Heffeter P, Hoda MA, Hoetzenecker K, Dome B, Berger W, Reid G, Grusch M. Targeting YB-1 via entinostat enhances cisplatin sensitivity of pleural mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2023; 574:216395. [PMID: 37730104 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) was shown to drive growth and migration of PM cells. Here, we evaluated the effect of genetic and pharmacological targeting of YB-1 on PM growth and response to cisplatin and radiation treatment. YB-1 knockdown via siRNA resulted in reduced PM cell growth, which significantly correlated with wt BAP1 and mutant NF2 and P53 status. Entinostat inhibited YB-1 deacetylation and its efficacy correlated with YB-1 knockdown-induced growth inhibition in 20 PM cell lines. Tumor growth inhibition by siRNA as well as entinostat was confirmed in mouse xenotransplant models. Furthermore, both YBX1-targeting siRNA and entinostat enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and radiation. In particular, entinostat showed strong synergistic interactions with cisplatin which was linked to significantly increased cellular platinum uptake in all investigated cell models. Importantly, in a mouse model, the combination of cisplatin and entinostat also resulted in stronger growth inhibition than each treatment alone. Our study highlights YB-1 as an attractive target in PM and demonstrates that targeting YB-1 via entinostat is a promising approach to enhance cisplatin and radiation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schelch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Gate 3 Hospital Rd, Concord, 2139, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Emminger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Zitta
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas G Johnson
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Gate 3 Hospital Rd, Concord, 2139, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Verena Kopatz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Applied and Translational Radiobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Eder
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Ries
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir A Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Korányi Frigyes u. 1, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Rath Gyorgy u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine and the Maurice Wilkins Centre, 56 Hanover Street, Central Dunedin, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Cao L, Chen S, Sun R, Ashby CR, Wei L, Huang Z, Chen ZS. Darovasertib, a novel treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1232787. [PMID: 37576814 PMCID: PMC10419210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1232787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA granted orphan drug designation to darovasertib, a first-in-class oral, small molecular inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), for the treatment of uveal melanoma, on 2 May 2022. Primary uveal melanoma has a high risk of progressing to metastatic uveal melanoma, with a poor prognosis. The activation of the PKC and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways play an essential role in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma, and mutations in the G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ), and G protein subunit alpha11 (GNA11) genes are considered early events in the development of uveal melanoma. Compared to other PKC inhibitors, such as sotrastaurin and enzastaurin, darovasertib is significantly more potent in inhibiting conventional (α, β) and novel (δ, ϵ, η, θ) PKC proteins and has a better tolerability and safety profile. Current Phase I/II clinical trials indicated that darovasertib, combined with the Mitogen-activated protein kinase/Extracellular (MEK) inhibitors, binimetinib or crizotinib, produced a synergistic effect of uveal melanoma. In this article, we summarize the development of drugs for treating uveal melanomas and discuss problems associated with current treatments. We also discuss the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic profile, adverse effects, and clinical trial for darovasertib, and future research directions for treating uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Rainie Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
- Stuyvesant High School, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Li Y, Xiong C, Wu LL, Zhang BY, Wu S, Chen YF, Xu QH, Liao HF. Tumor subtypes and signature model construction based on chromatin regulators for better prediction of prognosis in uveal melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1610980. [PMID: 37362244 PMCID: PMC10287976 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1610980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Uveal Melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy in adults. This study assessed the importance of chromatin regulators (CRs) in UM and developed a model to predict UM prognosis. Methods: Gene expression data and clinical information for UM were obtained from public databases. Samples were typed according to the gene expression of CRs associated with UM prognosis. The prognostic key genes were further screened by the protein interaction network, and the risk model was to predict UM prognosis using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and performed a test of the risk mode. In addition, we performed gene set variation analysis, tumor microenvironment, and tumor immune analysis between subtypes and risk groups to explore the mechanisms influencing the development of UM. Results: We constructed a signature model consisting of three CRs (RUVBL1, SIRT3, and SMARCD3), which was shown to be accurate, and valid for predicting prognostic outcomes in UM. Higher immune cell infiltration in poor prognostic subtypes and risk groups. The Tumor immune analysis and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score provided a basis for clinical immunotherapy in UM. Conclusion: The risk model has prognostic value for UM survival and provides new insights into the treatment of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Li Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Yuan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Fen Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Hua Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Fei Liao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Jiangxi Province Division, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Giordano F, Paolì A, Forastiero M, Marsico S, De Amicis F, Marrelli M, Naimo GD, Mauro L, Panno ML. Valproic acid inhibits cell growth in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells by triggering different responses in a cell type-specific manner. J Transl Med 2023; 21:165. [PMID: 36864445 PMCID: PMC9983172 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women after lung cancer. Despite the improvement in prevention and in therapy, breast cancer still remains a threat, both for pre- and postmenopausal women, due to the development of drug resistance. To counteract that, novel agents regulating gene expression have been studied in both hematologic and solid tumors. The Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Valproic Acid (VA), used for epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric diseases, has been demonstrated a strong antitumoral and cytostatic activity. In this study, we tested the effects of Valproic Acid on the signaling pathways involved in breast cancer cells viability, apoptosis and in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production using ER-α positive MCF-7 and triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells. METHODS Cell proliferation assay was performed by MTT Cell cycle, ROS levels and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, protein levels were detected by Western Blotting. RESULTS Cell treatment with Valproic Acid reduced cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 and G2/M block in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, in both cells the drug enhanced the generation of ROS by the mitochondria. In MCF-7 treated cells, it has been observed a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, a down regulation of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 and an increase of Bax and Bad, leading to release of cytochrome C and PARP cleavage. Less consistent effects are recorded in MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the greater production of ROS, compared to MCF-7cells, involves an inflammatory response (activation of p-STAT3, increased levels of COX2). CONCLUSIONS Our results have demonstrated that in MCF-7 cells the Valproic Acid is a suitable drug to arrest cell growth, to address apoptosis and mitochondrial perturbations, all factors that are important in determining cell fate and health. In a triple negative MDA-MB 231 cells, valproate directs the cells towards the inflammatory response with a sustained expression of antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the not always unequivocal data between the two cellular phenotypes indicate that further studies are needed to better define the use of the drug, also in combination with other chemotherapy, in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Paolì
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Martina Forastiero
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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14
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Carvajal RD, Sacco JJ, Jager MJ, Eschelman DJ, Olofsson Bagge R, Harbour JW, Chieng ND, Patel SP, Joshua AM, Piperno-Neumann S. Advances in the clinical management of uveal melanoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:99-115. [PMID: 36600005 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanomas arising in the uveal tract of the eye are a rare form of the disease with a biology and clinical phenotype distinct from their more common cutaneous counterparts. Treatment of primary uveal melanoma with radiotherapy, enucleation or other modalities achieves local control in more than 90% of patients, although 40% or more ultimately develop distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Until January 2022, no systemic therapy had received regulatory approval for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, and these patients have historically had a dismal prognosis owing to the limited efficacy of the available treatments. A series of seminal studies over the past two decades have identified highly prevalent early, tumour-initiating oncogenic genomic aberrations, later recurring prognostic alterations and immunological features that characterize uveal melanoma. These advances have driven the development of a number of novel emerging treatments, including tebentafusp, the first systemic therapy to achieve regulatory approval for this disease. In this Review, our multidisciplinary and international group of authors summarize the biology of uveal melanoma, management of primary disease and surveillance strategies to detect recurrent disease, and then focus on the current standard and emerging regional and systemic treatment approaches for metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Carvajal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David J Eschelman
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J William Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas D Chieng
- Medical Imaging Services, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Cerivastatin Synergizes with Trametinib and Enhances Its Efficacy in the Therapy of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030886. [PMID: 36765842 PMCID: PMC9913575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is a highly aggressive, therapy-resistant disease. Driver mutations in Gα-proteins GNAQ and GNA11 activate MAP-kinase and YAP/TAZ pathways of oncogenic signalling. MAP-kinase and MEK-inhibitors do not significantly block MUM progression, likely due to persisting YAP/TAZ signalling. Statins inhibit YAP/TAZ activation by blocking the mevalonate pathway, geranyl-geranylation, and subcellular localisation of the Rho-GTPase. We investigated drugs that affect the YAP/TAZ pathway, valproic acid, verteporfin and statins, in combination with MEK-inhibitor trametinib. METHODS We established IC50 values of the individual drugs and monitored the effects of their combinations in terms of proliferation. We selected trametinib and cerivastatin for evaluation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Synergism was detected using isobologram and Chou-Talalay analyses. The most synergistic combination was tested in vivo. RESULTS Synergistic concentrations of trametinib and cerivastatin induced a massive arrest of proliferation and cell cycle and enhanced apoptosis, particularly in the monosomic, BAP1-mutated UPMM3 cell line. The combined treatment reduced ERK and AKT phosphorylation, increased the inactive, cytoplasmatic form of YAP and significantly impaired the growth of UM cells with monosomy of chromosome 3 in NSG mice. CONCLUSION Statins can potentiate the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the therapy of UM.
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16
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Barbagallo C, Stella M, Broggi G, Russo A, Caltabiano R, Ragusa M. Genetics and RNA Regulation of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:775. [PMID: 36765733 PMCID: PMC9913768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor and the most frequent melanoma not affecting the skin. While the rate of UM occurrence is relatively low, about 50% of patients develop metastasis, primarily to the liver, with lethal outcome despite medical treatment. Notwithstanding that UM etiopathogenesis is still under investigation, a set of known mutations and chromosomal aberrations are associated with its pathogenesis and have a relevant prognostic value. The most frequently mutated genes are BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ, and SF3B1, with mutually exclusive mutations occurring in GNAQ and GNA11, and almost mutually exclusive ones in BAP1 and SF3B1, and BAP1 and EIF1AX. Among chromosomal aberrations, monosomy of chromosome 3 is the most frequent, followed by gain of chromosome 8q, and full or partial loss of chromosomes 1 and 6. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have also been investigated. Several papers investigating the role of ncRNAs in UM have reported that their dysregulated expression affects cancer-related processes in both in vitro and in vivo models. This review will summarize current findings about genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and ncRNA dysregulation establishing UM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Stella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia—Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia—Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences—Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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17
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Sriramareddy SN, Faião-Flores F, Emmons MF, Saha B, Chellappan S, Wyatt C, Smalley I, Licht JD, Durante MA, Harbour JW, Smalley KS. HDAC11 activity contributes to MEK inhibitor escape in uveal melanoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1840-1846. [PMID: 35332245 PMCID: PMC9508287 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that pan-HDAC inhibitors could limit escape from MEK inhibitor (MEKi) therapy in uveal melanoma (UM) through suppression of AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling. Here, we focused on the role of specific HDACs in therapy adaptation. Class 2 UM displayed higher expression of HDACs 1, 2, and 3 than Class 1, whereas HDACs 6, 8, and 11 were uniformly expressed. Treatment of UM cells with MEKi led to modulation of multiple HDACs, with the strongest increases observed in HDAC11. RNA-seq analysis showed MEKi to decrease the expression of multiple HDAC11 target genes. Silencing of HDAC11 significantly reduced protein deacetylation, enhanced the apoptotic response to MEKi and reduced growth in long-term colony formation assays across multiple UM cell lines. Knockdown of HDAC11 led to decreased expression of TAZ in some UM cell lines, accompanied by decreased YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity and reduced expression of multiple YAP/TAZ target genes. Further studies showed this decrease in TAZ expression to be associated with increased LKB1 activation and modulation of glycolysis. In an in vivo model of uveal melanoma, silencing of HDAC11 limited the escape to MEKi therapy, an effect associated with reduced levels of Ki67 staining and increased cleaved caspase-3. We have demonstrated a novel role for adaptive HDAC11 activity in UM cells, that in some cases modulates YAP/TAZ signaling leading to MEKi escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Neelature Sriramareddy
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda Faião-Flores
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael F. Emmons
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Biswarup Saha
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Clayton Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Cancer Physiology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Keiran S.M. Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed, Tel: 813-745-8725, Fax: 813-449-8260,
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic melanoma; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for alternative treatment options for those patients who are either intolerant or refractory to immunotherapy. Here we review the role and clinical efficacy of targeted therapies for BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic analyses in BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma have previously identified driver mutations along the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathways that can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. New drugs such as bispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates may have significant clinical activity even in rare subtypes of melanoma that are less responsive to ICIs. Historically, molecular-targeted therapies have modest clinical success in treating BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma; nevertheless, they may have a significant clinical role in select, genetically distinct groups of patients. Next-generation immunotherapies or immunomodulators may represent the latest breakthrough in the treatment of melanoma. Additional studies are needed to identify novel drug targets and synergistic drug combinations to expand treatment options and optimize clinical outcomes.
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Maas EJ, Betz-Stablein B, Aoude LG, Soyer HP, McInerney-Leo AM. Unusual suspects in hereditary melanoma: POT1, POLE, BAP1. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1204-1207. [PMID: 35811174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Systematic literature searches on POT1/POLE/BAP1 found that limited skin phenotypic characteristics have been documented in mutation carriers; 248 variants were annotated, and high-cluster variant regions associated with cutaneous melanoma were found in all three genes. Genotype-phenotype correlations can be used to identify patient disease predisposition based on mutation position and cluster regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie J Maas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Brigid Betz-Stablein
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren G Aoude
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Surgical Oncology Group, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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20
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Wei AZ, Maniar AB, Carvajal RD. New targeted and epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of uveal melanoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1819-1826. [PMID: 35236928 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare, genetically bland ocular malignancy with excellent local treatment options, but no disease-specific therapies are approved for use in the metastatic setting by the Food and Drug Administration. Metastatic UM (mUM) confers a prognosis of ~15 months. Unlike cutaneous melanoma, UM is poorly responsive to checkpoint inhibitors and cytotoxic chemotherapy highlighting the importance of clarifying vulnerable disease-specific mechanisms, such as cell cycle or metabolic pathways necessary for tumor growth and survival. The elucidation of signaling pathways downstream of the frequently mutated GNA GTPase such as PKC/MAPK/ERK/MEK, PI3K/AKT, and YAP-Hippo have offered potential targets. Potentially druggable epigenetic targets due to BAP1-mutated UM have also been identified, including proteins involved with histone deacetylation and DNA splicing. This review describes the preclinical rationale for the development of targeted therapies and current strategies currently being studied in clinical trials or will be in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Z Wei
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashray B Maniar
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Sah VR, Karlsson J, Jespersen H, Lindberg MF, Nilsson LM, Ny L, Nilsson JA. Epigenetic therapy to enhance therapeutic effects of PD-1 inhibition in therapy-resistant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:241-248. [PMID: 34753889 PMCID: PMC9245557 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic skin melanoma but around half of all patients develop resistance early or late during treatment. The situation is even worse for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). Here we hypothesized that the immunotherapy of therapy-resistant skin melanoma or UM can be enhanced by epigenetic inhibitors. Cultured B16F10 cells and human UM cells were treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) entinostat or BETi JQ1. Entinostat-induced HLA expression and PD-L1, but JQ1 did not. A syngeneic mouse model carrying B16-F10 melanoma cells was treated with PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, which was curative. Co-treatment with the bioavailable BETi iBET726 impaired the immunotherapy effect. Monotherapy of a B16-F10 mouse model with anti-PD-1 resulted in a moderate therapeutic effect that could be enhanced by entinostat. Mice carrying PD-L1 knockout B16-F10 cells were also sensitive to entinostat. This suggests HDAC inhibition and immunotherapy could work in concert. Indeed, co-cultures of UM with HLA-matched melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) resulted in higher TIL-mediated melanoma killing when entinostat was added. Further exploration of combined immunotherapy and epigenetic therapy in metastatic melanoma resistant to PD-1 inhibition is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu R. Sah
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Henrik Jespersen
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Mattias F. Lindberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M. Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lars Ny
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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22
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Xu YY, Ren ZL, Liu XL, Zhang GM, Huang SS, Shi WH, Ye LX, Luo X, Liu SW, Li YL, Yu L. BAP1 loss augments sensitivity to BET inhibitors in cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1803-1815. [PMID: 34737422 PMCID: PMC9253001 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene BAP1 encodes a widely expressed deubiquitinase for histone H2A. Both hereditary and acquired mutations are associated with multiple cancer types, including cutaneous melanoma (CM), uveal melanoma (UM), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there is no personalized therapy for BAP1-mutant cancers. Here, we describe an epigenetic drug library screening to identify small molecules that exert selective cytotoxicity against BAP1 knockout CM cells over their isogenic parental cells. Hit characterization reveals that BAP1 loss renders cells more vulnerable to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitor-induced transcriptional alterations, G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The association of BAP1 loss with sensitivity to BET inhibitors is observed in multiple BAP1-deficient cancer cell lines generated by gene editing or derived from patient tumors as well as immunodeficient xenograft and immunocompetent allograft murine models. We demonstrate that BAP1 deubiquitinase activity reduces sensitivity to BET inhibitors. Concordantly, ectopic expression of RING1A or RING1B (H2AK119 E3 ubiquitin ligases) enhances sensitivity to BET inhibitors. The mechanistic study shows that the BET inhibitor OTX015 exerts a more potent suppressive effect on the transcription of various proliferation-related genes, especially MYC, in BAP1 knockout cells than in their isogenic parental cells, primarily by targeting BRD4. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Myc rescues the BET inhibitor-sensitizing effect induced by BAP1 loss. Our study reveals new approaches to specifically suppress BAP1-deficient cancers, including CM, UM, and ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Lu Ren
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Medicinal Information and Real World Engineering Technology Center of Universities, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gui-Ming Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Si-Si Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Lei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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23
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Cordycepin (3′-Deoxyadenosine) Suppresses Heat Shock Protein 90 Function and Targets Tumor Growth in an Adenosine Deaminase-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133122. [PMID: 35804893 PMCID: PMC9264932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in metabolism and energy production are increasingly being recognized as important drivers of neoplasia, raising the possibility that metabolic analogs could disrupt oncogenic pathways. 3′-deoxyadenosine, also known as cordycepin, is an adenosine analog that inhibits the growth of several types of cancer. However, the effects of cordycepin have only been examined in a limited number of tumor types, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We found that cordycepin slows the growth and promotes apoptosis in uveal melanoma, as well as a range of other hard-to-treat malignancies, including retinoblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors, and diffuse midline gliomas. Interestingly, these effects were dependent on low adenosine deaminase (ADA) expression or activity. Inhibition of ADA using either siRNA or pharmacologic approaches sensitized tumors with higher ADA to cordycepin in vitro and in vivo, with increased apoptosis, reduced clonogenic capacity, and slower migration of neoplastic cells. Our studies suggest that ADA is both a biomarker predicting response to cordycepin and a target for combination therapy. We also describe a novel mechanism of action for cordycepin: competition with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in binding to Hsp90, resulting in impaired processing of oncogenic Hsp90 client proteins.
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24
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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25
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Liu RJ, Xu ZP, Li SY, Yu JJ, Feng NH, Xu B, Chen M. BAP1-Related ceRNA (NEAT1/miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1) Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Kidney Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852515. [PMID: 35425712 PMCID: PMC9004599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor involved in various biological processes and is commonly lost or inactivated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the role of the BAP1-deficient tumor competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involved in ccRCC remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prognostic BAP1-related ceRNA in ccRCC. Methods Raw data was obtained from the TCGA and the differentially expressed genes were screened to establish a BAP1-related ceRNA network. Subsequently, the role of the ceRNA axis was validated using phenotypic experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were used to confirm the ceRNA network. Results Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) expression was significantly increased in kidney cancer cell lines. NEAT1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, which could be reversed by miR-10a-5p inhibitor. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-10a-5p as a common target of NEAT1 and Serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1). FISH assays revealed the co-localization of NEAT1 and miR-10a-5p in the cytoplasm. Additionally, the methylation level of SERPINE1 in ccRCC was significantly lower than that in normal tissues. Furthermore, SERPINE1 expression was positively correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration levels. Conclusions In BAP1-deficient ccRCC, NEAT1 competitively binds to miR-10a-5p, indirectly upregulating SERPINE1 expression to promote kidney cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, NEAT1/miR-10a-5p/SERPINE1 were found to be independent prognostic factors of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Han Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Bell HN, Kumar-Sinha C, Mannan R, Zakalik D, Zhang Y, Mehra R, Jagtap D, Dhanasekaran SM, Vaishampayan U. Pathogenic ATM and BAP1 germline mutations in a case of early-onset, familial sarcomatoid renal cancer. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006203. [PMID: 35483881 PMCID: PMC9059789 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an incurable malignancy, despite recent advances in systemic therapies. Genetic syndromes associated with kidney cancer account for only 5%-8% of all diagnosed kidney malignancies, and genetic predispositions to kidney cancer predisposition are still being studied. Genomic testing for kidney cancer is useful for disease molecular subtyping but provides minimal therapeutic information. Understanding how aberrations drive RCC development and how their contextual influences, such as chromosome loss, genome instability, and DNA methylation changes, may alter therapeutic response is of importance. We report the case of a 36-yr-old female with aggressive, metastatic RCC and a significant family history of cancer, including RCC. This patient harbors a novel, pathogenic, germline ATM mutation along with a rare germline variant of unknown significance in the BAP1 gene. In addition, somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in BAP1 and ATM genes, somatic mutation and LOH in the VHL gene, copy losses in Chromosomes 9p and 14, and genome instability are also noted in the tumor, potentially dictating this patient's aggressive clinical course. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate the association of ATM and BAP1 germline mutations with increased risk of RCC and if these mutations should lead to enhanced and early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Bell
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dana Zakalik
- Oakland University/Beaumont Hospital, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Deepa Jagtap
- Oakland University/Beaumont Hospital, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Metabolic Features of Tumor Dormancy: Possible Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030547. [PMID: 35158815 PMCID: PMC8833651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor recurrence still represents a major clinical challenge for cancer patients. Cancer cells may undergo a dormant state for long times before re-emerging. Both intracellular- and extracellular-driven pathways are involved in maintaining the dormant state and the subsequent awakening, with a mechanism that is still mostly unknown. In this scenario, cancer metabolism is emerging as a critical driver of tumor progression and dissemination and have gained increasing attention in cancer research. This review focuses on the metabolic adaptations characterizing the dormant phenotype and supporting tumor re-growth. Deciphering the metabolic adaptation sustaining tumor dormancy may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to prevent tumor recurrence based on combined metabolic drugs. Abstract Tumor relapse represents one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment. Many patients experience cancer relapse even decades from the primary tumor eradication, developing more aggressive and metastatic disease. This phenomenon is associated with the emergence of dormant cancer cells, characterized by cell cycle arrest and largely insensitive to conventional anti-cancer therapies. These rare and elusive cells may regain proliferative abilities upon the induction of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors, thus fueling tumor re-growth and metastasis formation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of resistant dormant cells and their awakening are intriguing but, currently, still largely unknown. However, increasing evidence recently underlined a strong dependency of cell cycle progression to metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. Even if dormant cells are frequently characterized by a general metabolic slowdown and an increased ability to cope with oxidative stress, different factors, such as extracellular matrix composition, stromal cells influence, and nutrient availability, may dictate specific changes in dormant cells, finally resulting in tumor relapse. The main topic of this review is deciphering the role of the metabolic pathways involved in tumor cells dormancy to provide new strategies for selectively targeting these cells to prevent fatal recurrence and maximize therapeutic benefit.
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28
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Shukal DK, Malaviya PB, Sharma T. Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063165. [PMID: 35196887 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. OBJECTIVE To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. METHOD Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. RESULTS Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shukal
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja B Malaviya
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with few therapeutic options, increased biological understanding and unprecedented innovations in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints have substantially improved the prognosis of patients. However, the low response rate and inevitable occurrence of resistance to currently available targeted therapies have posed the obstacle in the path of melanoma management to obtain further amelioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying melanoma pathogenesis more comprehensively, which might lead to more substantial progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for melanoma therapy. In this review, we firstly make a brief introduction to melanoma epidemiology, clinical subtypes, risk factors, and current therapies. Then, the signal pathways orchestrating melanoma pathogenesis, including genetic mutations, key transcriptional regulators, epigenetic dysregulations, metabolic reprogramming, crucial metastasis-related signals, tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways, and pro-angiogenic factors, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Subsequently, we outline current progresses in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints, as well as the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the development of melanoma therapy, especially immunotherapy and related ongoing clinical trials, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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30
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Chai P, Jia R, Li Y, Zhou C, Gu X, Yang L, Shi H, Tian H, Lin H, Yu J, Zhuang A, Ge S, Jia R, Fan X. Regulation of epigenetic homeostasis in uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101030. [PMID: 34861419 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB), which cause blindness and even death, are the most frequently observed primary intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. Epigenetic studies have shown that changes in the epigenome contribute to the rapid progression of both UM and RB following classic genetic changes. The loss of epigenetic homeostasis plays an important role in oncogenesis by disrupting the normal patterns of gene expression. The targetable nature of epigenetic modifications provides a unique opportunity to optimize treatment paradigms and establish new therapeutic options for both UM and RB with these aberrant epigenetic modifications. We aimed to review the research findings regarding relevant epigenetic changes in UM and RB. Herein, we 1) summarize the literature, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA modifications, noncoding RNAs and an abnormal chromosomal architecture; 2) elaborate on the regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in biological processes during tumorigenesis; and 3) propose promising therapeutic candidates for epigenetic targets and update the list of epigenetic drugs for the treatment of UM and RB. In summary, we endeavour to depict the epigenetic landscape of primary intraocular malignancy tumorigenesis and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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Rossi E, Croce M, Reggiani F, Schinzari G, Ambrosio M, Gangemi R, Tortora G, Pfeffer U, Amaro A. Uveal Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5684. [PMID: 34830841 PMCID: PMC8616038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is characterized by relatively few, highly incident molecular alterations and their association with metastatic risk is deeply understood. Nevertheless, this knowledge has so far not led to innovative therapies for the successful treatment of UM metastases or for adjuvant therapy, leaving survival after diagnosis of metastatic UM almost unaltered in decades. The driver mutations of UM, mainly in the G-protein genes GNAQ and GNA11, activate the MAP-kinase pathway as well as the YAP/TAZ pathway. At present, there are no drugs that target the latter and this likely explains the failure of mitogen activated kinase kinase inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blockers, despite the game changing effect in cutaneous melanoma (CM), show only limited effects in UM probably because of the low mutational burden of 0.5 per megabase and the unavailability of antibodies targeting the main immune checkpoint active in UM. The highly pro-tumorigenic microenvironment of UM also contributes to therapy resistance. However, T-cell redirection by a soluble T-cell receptor that is fused to an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment, local, liver specific therapy, new immune checkpoint blockers, and YAP/TAZ specific drugs give new hope to repeating the success of innovative therapy obtained for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Michela Croce
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
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Seedor RS, Orloff M, Sato T. Genetic Landscape and Emerging Therapies in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5503. [PMID: 34771666 PMCID: PMC8582814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful treatment of primary uveal melanoma, up to 50% of patients will develop systemic metastasis. Metastatic disease portends a poor outcome, and no adjuvant or metastatic therapy has been FDA approved. The genetic landscape of uveal melanoma is unique, providing prognostic and potentially therapeutic insight. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic mutations in uveal melanoma, and the importance of obtaining such information. Most of our knowledge is based on primary uveal melanoma and a better understanding of the mutational landscape in metastatic uveal melanoma is needed. Clinical trials targeting certain mutations such as GNAQ/GNA11, BAP1, and SF3B1 are ongoing and promising. We also discuss the role of liquid biopsies in uveal melanoma in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino S. Seedor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.O.); (T.S.)
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Adjuvant systemic treatment for high-risk resected non-cutaneous melanomas: What is the evidence? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103503. [PMID: 34656746 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cutaneous melanomas (mucosal, uveal, leptomeningeal, unknown primaries) represent around 5-10 % of all melanoma diagnoses. Non-cutaneous melanomas demonstrate differences in tumour biology, generally present with more advanced stages and have an overall poorer prognosis compared to skin melanomas. The cornerstone of their treatment is surgery followed by radiotherapy in some cases. Unfortunately, in many of these patients their melanoma will recur. Adjuvant therapy for non-cutaneous melanomas remains controversial. To date, almost all of the tested adjuvant agents have failed to demonstrate any benefit; the two randomised positive trials were criticized for methodological reasons, small sample size and conflicting results. The aim of this review is to assess the current evidence on systemic adjuvant treatments for high-risk resected non-cutaneous melanomas. We also provide a summary table with the currently recruiting clinical trials in these settings and we discuss some strategies to improve trial design in this particularly niche area of oncology.
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KalantarMotamedi Y, Choi RJ, Koh SB, Bramhall JL, Fan TP, Bender A. Prediction and identification of synergistic compound combinations against pancreatic cancer cells. iScience 2021; 24:103080. [PMID: 34585118 PMCID: PMC8456050 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to current therapies is common for pancreatic cancer and hence novel treatment options are urgently needed. In this work, we developed and validated a computational method to select synergistic compound combinations based on transcriptomic profiles from both the disease and compound side, combined with a pathway scoring system, which was then validated prospectively by testing 30 compounds (and their combinations) on PANC-1 cells. Some compounds selected as single agents showed lower GI50 values than the standard of care, gemcitabine. Compounds suggested as combination agents with standard therapy gemcitabine based on the best performing scoring system showed on average 2.82-5.18 times higher synergies compared to compounds that were predicted to be active as single agents. Examples of highly synergistic in vitro validated compound pairs include gemcitabine combined with Entinostat, thioridazine, loperamide, scriptaid and Saracatinib. Hence, the computational approach presented here was able to identify synergistic compound combinations against pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman KalantarMotamedi
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Siang-Boon Koh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jo L. Bramhall
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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Zane KE, Cloyd JM, Mumtaz KS, Wadhwa V, Makary MS. Metastatic disease to the liver: Locoregional therapy strategies and outcomes. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:725-745. [PMID: 34631439 PMCID: PMC8479345 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i9.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary cancers of the liver are more than twenty times more common than primary tumors and are incurable in most cases. While surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are often the first-line therapy for metastatic liver disease, a majority of patients present with bilobar disease not amenable to curative local resection. Furthermore, by the time metastasis to the liver has developed, many tumors demonstrate a degree of resistance to systemic chemotherapy. Fortunately, catheter-directed and percutaneous locoregional approaches have evolved as major treatment modalities for unresectable metastatic disease. These novel techniques can be used for diverse applications ranging from curative intent for small localized tumors, downstaging of large tumors for resection, or locoregional control and palliation of advanced disease. Their use has been associated with increased tumor response, increased disease-free and overall survival, and decreased morbidity and mortality in a broad range of metastatic disease. This review explores recent advances in liver-directed therapies for metastatic liver disease from primary colorectal, neuroendocrine, breast, and lung cancer, as well as uveal melanoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and sarcoma. Therapies discussed include bland transarterial embolization, chemoembolization, radioembolization, and ablative therapies, with a focus on current treatment approaches, outcomes of locoregional therapy, and future directions in each type of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E Zane
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jordan M Cloyd
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Khalid S Mumtaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Vibhor Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mina S Makary
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Barbaraci C, Giurdanella G, Leotta CG, Longo A, Amata E, Dichiara M, Pasquinucci L, Turnaturi R, Prezzavento O, Cacciatore I, Zuccarello E, Lupo G, Pitari GM, Anfuso CD, Marrazzo A. Haloperidol Metabolite II Valproate Ester ( S)-(-)-MRJF22: Preliminary Studies as a Potential Multifunctional Agent Against Uveal Melanoma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13622-13632. [PMID: 34477381 PMCID: PMC8474110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increased angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels contribute to higher metastasis and mortality in uveal melanoma (UM), an aggressive malignancy of the eye in adults. (±)-MRJF22, a prodrug of the sigma (σ) ligand haloperidol metabolite II conjugated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid, has previously demonstrated a promising antiangiogenic activity. Herein, the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-(+)-MRJF22 and (S)-(-)-MRJF22 was performed to investigate their contribution to (±)-MRJF22 antiangiogenic effects in human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) and to assess their therapeutic potential in primary human uveal melanoma (UM) 92-1 cell line. While both enantiomers displayed almost identical capabilities to reduce cell viability than the racemic mixture, (S)-(-)-MRJF22 exhibited the highest antimigratory effects in endothelial and tumor cells. Given the fundamental contribution of cell motility to cancer progression, (S)-(-)-MRJF22 may represent a promising candidate for novel antimetastatic therapy in patients with UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barbaraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Vera Salus Ricerca S.r.l., Via Sigmund Freud 62/B, 96100 Siracusa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Anna Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Patel RP, Thomas JR, Curt KM, Fitzsimmons CM, Batista PJ, Bates SE, Gottesman MM, Robey RW. Dual Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Promotes Apoptosis in Cell Line Models of Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34533562 PMCID: PMC8458781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over 90% of uveal melanomas harbor pathogenic variants of the GNAQ or GNA11 genes that activate survival pathways. As previous studies found that Ras-mutated cell lines were vulnerable to a combination of survival pathway inhibitors and the histone-deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin, we investigated whether this combination would be effective in models of uveal melanoma. Methods A small-scale screen of inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4; OTX-015), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK; ulixertinib), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR; AZD-8055), or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; GDC-0941) combined with a clinically relevant administration of romidepsin was performed on a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines (92.1, Mel202, MP38, and MP41) and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry after 48 hours. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on Mel202 cells treated with romidepsin alone, AZD-8055 alone, or the combination, and protein changes were validated by immunoblot. Results AZD-8055 with romidepsin was the most effective combination in inducing apoptosis in the cell lines. Increased caspase-3 and PARP cleavage were noted in the cell lines when they were treated with romidepsin and mTOR inhibitors. RNA sequencing analysis of Mel202 cells revealed that apoptosis was the most affected pathway in the romidepsin/AZD-8055-treated cells. Increases in pro-apoptotic BCL2L11 and decreases in anti-apoptotic BIRC5 and BCL2L1 transcripts noted in the sequencing analysis were confirmed at the protein level in Mel202 cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that romidepsin in combination with mTOR inhibition could be an effective treatment strategy against uveal melanoma due in part to changes in apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi P Patel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Joanna R Thomas
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Katherine M Curt
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christina M Fitzsimmons
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Susan E Bates
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Ny L, Jespersen H, Karlsson J, Alsén S, Filges S, All-Eriksson C, Andersson B, Carneiro A, Helgadottir H, Levin M, Ljuslinder I, Olofsson Bagge R, Sah VR, Stierner U, Ståhlberg A, Ullenhag G, Nilsson LM, Nilsson JA. The PEMDAC phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and entinostat in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5155. [PMID: 34453044 PMCID: PMC8397717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that epigenetic therapy could enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells. We report the results of the PEMDAC phase 2 clinical trial (n = 29; NCT02697630) where the HDAC inhibitor entinostat was combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and was met with an ORR of 14%. The clinical benefit rate at 18 weeks was 28%, median progression free survival was 2.1 months and the median overall survival was 13.4 months. Toxicities were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Objective responses and/or prolonged survival were seen in patients with BAP1 wildtype tumors, and in one patient with an iris melanoma that exhibited a UV signature. Longer survival also correlated with low baseline ctDNA levels or LDH. In conclusion, HDAC inhibition and anti-PD1 immunotherapy results in durable responses in a subset of patients with metastatic UM.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02697630 (registered 3 March 2016). EudraCT registration number: 2016-002114-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ny
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Jespersen
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Filges
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Andersson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Carneiro
- Department of Hematology Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Levin
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vasu R Sah
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Stierner
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ullenhag
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Expression of HDACs 1, 3 and 8 Is Upregulated in the Presence of Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164146. [PMID: 34439300 PMCID: PMC8393956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma (UM) is an ocular malignancy which is derived from melanocytes in the uveal tract. Epigenetic regulators such as Histone Deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors are being tested as treatment of UM metastases. Expression of different HDACs is variable, and some are increased in high-risk tumors with loss of one chromosome 3. As this genetic abnormality is also associated with an inflammatory phenotype, we analyzed whether HDAC expression was influenced by inflammation. In two cohorts of UM cases, expression of several HDACs showed a positive correlation with tumor-infiltrating T cells, while HDACs 2 and 11 showed a negative association with macrophages. Interferon-γ stimulated expression of some HDACs on UM cell lines. These data suggest that cytokines produced by T cells may be responsible for the increased expression of some HDACs in UM with monosomy 3. Abstract In Uveal Melanoma (UM), an inflammatory phenotype is strongly associated with the development of metastases and with chromosome 3/BAP1 expression loss. As an increased expression of several Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) was associated with loss of chromosome 3, this suggested that HDAC expression might also be related to inflammation. We analyzed HDAC expression and the presence of leukocytes by mRNA expression in two sets of UM (Leiden and TCGA) and determined the T lymphocyte fraction through ddPCR. Four UM cell lines were treated with IFNγ (50IU, 200IU). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used for mRNA measurement of HDACs in cultured cells. In both cohorts (Leiden and TCGA), a positive correlation occurred between expression of HDACs 1, 3 and 8 and the presence of a T-cell infiltrate, while expression of HDACs 2 and 11 was negatively correlated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Stimulation of UM cell lines with IFNγ induced an increase in HDACs 1, 4, 5, 7 and 8 in two out of four UM cell lines. We conclude that the observed positive correlations between HDAC expression and chromosome 3/BAP1 loss may be related to the presence of infiltrating T cells.
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Szeligo BM, Ivey AD, Boone BA. Poor Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Uveal Melanoma Highlights the Persistent Need for Innovative Regional Therapy Approaches to Manage Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3426. [PMID: 34298647 PMCID: PMC8307800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a cancer that develops from melanocytes in the posterior uveal tract. Metastatic uveal melanoma is an extremely rare disease that has a poor long-term prognosis, limited treatment options and a strong predilection for liver metastasis. Median overall survival has been reported to be 6 months and 1 year mortality of 80%. Traditional chemotherapy used in cutaneous melanoma is ineffective in uveal cases. Surgical resection and ablation is the preferred therapy for liver metastasis but is often not feasible due to extent of disease. In this review, we will explore treatment options for liver metastases from uveal melanoma, with a focus on isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP). IHP offers an aggressive regional therapy approach that can be used in bulky unresectable disease and allows high-dose chemotherapy with melphalan to be delivered directly to the liver without systemic effects. Long-term median overall survival has been reported to be as high as 27 months. We will also highlight the poor responses associated with checkpoint inhibitors, including an overview of the biological rationale driving this lack of immunotherapy effect for this disease. The persistent failure of traditional treatments and immunotherapy suggest an ongoing need for regional surgical approaches such as IHP in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Szeligo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA;
| | - Abby D. Ivey
- Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA;
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
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41
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Han A, Purwin TJ, Aplin AE. Roles of the BAP1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Metabolism. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2807-2814. [PMID: 33446574 PMCID: PMC8178170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is emerging as an intensively studied cancer-associated gene. Germline mutations in BAP1 lead to a cancer syndrome, and somatic loss is found in several cancer types. BAP1 encodes a deubiquitinase enzyme, which plays key roles in cell-cycle regulation, cell death, and differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that BAP1 is also involved in several aspects of cellular metabolism, including metabolic homeostasis, glucose utilization, control of ferroptosis, and stress response. A better knowledge of the metabolic roles of cancer-associated genes is important to understanding tumor initiation and progression, as well as highlighting potential therapeutic avenues. With this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding BAP1-mediated regulation of metabolic activities that may support new strategies to treat BAP1-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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42
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Nencetti S, Cuffaro D, Nuti E, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Fabbi M, Ballante F, Ortore G, Carbotti G, Campelli F, Banti I, Gangemi R, Marshall GR, Orlandini E. Identification of histone deacetylase inhibitors with (arylidene)aminoxy scaffold active in uveal melanoma cell lines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:34-47. [PMID: 33100043 PMCID: PMC7594840 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1835883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents an aggressive type of cancer and currently, there is no effective treatment for this metastatic disease. In the last years, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been studied as a possible therapeutic treatment for UM, alone or in association with other chemotherapeutic agents. Here we synthesised a series of new HDACIs based on the SAHA scaffold bearing an (arylidene)aminoxy moiety. Their HDAC inhibitory activity was evaluated on isolated human HDAC1, 3, 6, and 8 by fluorometric assay and their binding mode in the catalytic site of HDACs was studied by molecular docking. The most promising hit was the quinoline derivative VS13, a nanomolar inhibitor of HDAC6, which exhibited a good antiproliferative effect on UM cell lines at micromolar concentration and a capability to modify the mRNA levels of HDAC target genes similar to that of SAHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Nuti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Research Center "E. Piaggio", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Fabbi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Flavio Ballante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Irene Banti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Garland R Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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43
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Wang JZ, Lin V, Toumi E, Wang K, Zhu H, Conway RM, Madigan MC, Murray M, Cherepanoff S, Zhou F, Shu W. Development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of uveal melanoma. FEBS J 2021; 288:6226-6249. [PMID: 33838075 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Important cytogenetic and genetic risk factors for the development of UM include chromosome 3 monosomy, mutations in the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins GNAQ/GNA11, and loss of the BRACA1-associated protein 1 (BAP 1). Most primary UMs are treated conservatively with radiotherapy, but enucleation is necessary for large tumours. Despite the effectiveness of local control, up to 50% of UM patients develop metastasis for which there are no effective therapies. Attempts to utilise the targeted therapies that have been developed for the treatment of other cancers, including a range of signal transduction pathway inhibitors, have rarely produced significant outcomes in UM. Similarly, the application of immunotherapies that are effective in cutaneous melanoma to treat UM have also been disappointing. Other approaches that have been initiated involve proteasomal inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors which are approved for the treatment of other cancers. Nevertheless, there have been occasional positive outcomes from these treatments in UM. Moreover, combination approaches in UM have also yielded some positive developments. It would be valuable to identify how to apply such therapies efficiently in UM, potentially via individualised tumour profiling. It would also be important to characterise UM tumours to differentiate the potential drivers of progression from those in other types of cancers. The recent identification of novel kinases and metastatic genes in UM tumours makes the development of new UM-specific treatments feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janney Z Wang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elsa Toumi
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - R Max Conway
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- SydPath, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Tavares MT, de Almeida LC, Kronenberger T, Monteiro Ferreira G, Fujii de Divitiis T, Franco Zannini Junqueira Toledo M, Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto N, Agostinho Machado-Neto J, Veras Costa-Lotufo L, Parise-Filho R. Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic studies for a series of cinnamyl hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 35:116085. [PMID: 33668008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the acetylation status histones and non-histone proteins. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have emerged as an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of several malignancies. Herein, a series of urea-based cinnamyl hydroxamate derivatives is presented as potential anticancer HDACis. In addition, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been performed in order to verify the influence of the linker on the biological profile of the compounds. All tested compounds demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects against solid and hematological human tumor cell lines. Among them, 11b exhibited nanomolar potency against hematological tumor cells including Jurkat and Namalwa, with IC50 values of 40 and 200 nM, respectively. Cellular and molecular proliferation studies, in presence of compounds 11a-d, showed significant cell growth arrest, apoptosis induction, and up to 43-fold selective cytotoxicity for leukemia cells versus non-tumorigenic cells. Moreover, compounds 11a-d increased acetylated α-tubulin expression levels, which is phenotypically consistent with HDAC inhibition, and indirectly induced DNA damage. In vitro enzymatic assays performed for 11b revealed a potent HDAC6 inhibitory activity (IC50: 8.1 nM) and 402-fold selectivity over HDAC1. Regarding SAR analysis, the distance between the hydroxamate moiety and the aromatic ring as well as the presence of the double bond in the cinnamyl linker were the most relevant chemical feature for the antiproliferative activity of the series. Molecular modeling studies suggest that cinnamyl hydroxamate is the best moiety of the series for binding HDAC6 catalytic pocket whereas exploration of Ser568 by the urea connecting unity (CU) might be related with the selectivity observed for the cinnamyl derivatives. In summary, cinnamyl hydroxamate derived compounds with HDAC6 inhibitory activity exhibited cell growth arrest and increased apoptosis, as well as selectivity to acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. This study explores interesting compounds to fight against neoplastic hematological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Temotheo Tavares
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Costa de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE 72076 Tübingen, Germany; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Diagnosis (LBMAD), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thainá Fujii de Divitiis
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center-(FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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45
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Fallico M, Raciti G, Longo A, Reibaldi M, Bonfiglio V, Russo A, Caltabiano R, Gattuso G, Falzone L, Avitabile T. Current molecular and clinical insights into uveal melanoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:10. [PMID: 33649778 PMCID: PMC7910016 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents the most prominent primary eye cancer in adults. With an incidence of approximately 5 cases per million individuals annually in the United States, UM could be considered a relatively rare cancer. The 90-95% of UM cases arise from the choroid. Diagnosis is based mainly on a clinical examination and ancillary tests, with ocular ultrasonography being of greatest value. Differential diagnosis can prove challenging in the case of indeterminate choroidal lesions and, sometimes, monitoring for documented growth may be the proper approach. Fine needle aspiration biopsy tends to be performed with a prognostic purpose, often in combination with radiotherapy. Gene expression profiling has allowed for the grading of UMs into two classes, which feature different metastatic risks. Patients with UM require a specialized multidisciplinary management. Primary tumor treatment can be either enucleation or globe preserving. Usually, enucleation is reserved for larger tumors, while radiotherapy is preferred for small/medium melanomas. The prognosis is unfavorable due to the high mortality rate and high tendency to metastasize. Following the development of metastatic disease, the mortality rate increases to 80% within one year, due to both the absence of an effective treatment and the aggressiveness of the condition. Novel molecular studies have allowed for a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in UM biological activity, which differs compared to skin melanomas. The most commonly mutated genes are GNAQ, GNA11 and BAP1. Research in this field could help to identify effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raciti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, I‑95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, I‑10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Section, University of Palermo, I‑90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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46
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Collier KA, Valencia H, Newton H, Hade EM, Sborov DW, Cavaliere R, Poi M, Phelps MA, Liva SG, Coss CC, Wang J, Khountham S, Monk P, Shapiro CL, Piekarz R, Hofmeister CC, Welling DB, Mortazavi A. A phase 1 trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2-associated tumors and advanced solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:599-611. [PMID: 33492438 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given clinical activity of AR-42, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, in hematologic malignancies and preclinical activity in solid tumors, this phase 1 trial investigated the safety and tolerability of AR-42 in patients with advanced solid tumors, including neurofibromatosis type 2-associated meningiomas and schwannomas (NF2). The primary objective was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary objectives included determining pharmacokinetics and clinical activity. METHODS This phase I trial was an open-label, single-center, dose-escalation study of single-agent AR-42 in primary central nervous system and advanced solid tumors. The study followed a 3 + 3 design with an expansion cohort at the MTD. RESULTS Seventeen patients were enrolled with NF2 (n = 5), urothelial carcinoma (n = 3), breast cancer (n = 2), non-NF2-related meningioma (n = 2), carcinoma of unknown primary (n = 2), small cell lung cancer (n = 1), Sertoli cell carcinoma (n = 1), and uveal melanoma (n = 1). The recommended phase II dose is 60 mg three times weekly, for 3 weeks of a 28-day cycle. DLTs included grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 psychosis. The most common treatment-related adverse events were cytopenias, fatigue, and nausea. The best response was stable disease in 53% of patients (95% CI 26.6-78.7). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months (95% CI 1.2-9.1). Among evaluable patients with NF2 or meningioma (n = 5), median PFS was 9.1 months (95% CI 1.9-not reached). CONCLUSION Single-agent AR-42 is safe and well tolerated. Further studies may consider AR-42 in a larger cohort of patients with NF2 or in combination with other agents in advanced solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01129193, registered 5/24/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hugo Valencia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Herbert Newton
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Cavaliere
- Division Neuro-Oncology, Department of Cancer Medicine, Baptist MD Anderson, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ming Poi
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sophia G Liva
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Coss
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soun Khountham
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul Monk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles L Shapiro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- National Cancer Institute/Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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47
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Vergara IA, Wilmott JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA. Genetic drivers of non-cutaneous melanomas: Challenges and opportunities in a heterogeneous landscape. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:13-30. [PMID: 33455025 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-cutaneous melanomas most frequently involve the uveal tract and mucosal membranes, including the conjunctiva. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, they often present at an advanced clinical stage, are associated with worse clinical outcomes and show poorer responses to immunotherapy. The mutational load within most non-cutaneous melanomas reflects their lower ultraviolet light (UV) exposure. The genetic drivers within non-cutaneous melanomas are heterogeneous. Within ocular melanomas, posterior uveal tract melanomas typically harbour one of two distinct, sets of driver mutations and alterations of clinical and biological significance. In contrast to posterior uveal tract melanomas, anterior uveal tract melanomas of the iris and conjunctival melanomas frequently carry both a higher mutational burden and specific mutations linked with UV exposure. The genetic drivers in iris melanomas more closely resemble those of the posterior uveal tract, whereas conjunctival melanomas harbour similar genetic driver mutations to cutaneous melanomas. Mucosal melanomas occur in sun-shielded sites including sinonasal and oral cavities, nasopharynx, oesophagus, genitalia, anus and rectum, and their mutational landscape is frequently associated with a dominant process of spontaneous deamination and infrequent presence of UV mutation signatures. Genetic drivers of mucosal melanomas are diverse and vary with anatomic location. Further understanding of the causes of already identified recurrent molecular events in non-cutaneous melanomas, identification of additional drivers in specific subtypes, integrative multi-omics analyses and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment will expand knowledge in this field. Furthermore, such data will likely uncover new therapeutic strategies which will lead to improved clinical outcomes in non-cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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48
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Alicea GM, Rebecca VW. Emerging strategies to treat rare and intractable subtypes of melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:44-58. [PMID: 32274887 PMCID: PMC7544642 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, possessing a diverse landscape of subtypes with distinct molecular signatures and levels of aggressiveness. Although immense progress has been achieved therapeutically for patients with the most common forms of this disease, little is known of how to effectively treat patients with rarer subtypes of melanoma. These subtypes include acral lentiginous (the rarest form of cutaneous melanoma; AL), uveal, and mucosal melanomas, which display variations in distribution across (a) the world, (b) patient age-groups, and (c) anatomic sites. Unfortunately, patients with these relatively rare subtypes of melanoma typically respond worse to therapies approved for the more common, non-AL cutaneous melanoma and do not have effective alternatives, and thus consequently have worse overall survival rates. Achieving durable therapeutic responses in these high-risk melanoma subtypes represents one of the greatest challenges of the field. This review aims to collate and highlight effective preclinical and/or clinical strategies against these rare forms of melanoma.
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49
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Souri Z, Jochemsen AG, Versluis M, Wierenga AP, Nemati F, van der Velden PA, Kroes WG, Verdijk RM, Luyten GP, Jager MJ. HDAC Inhibition Increases HLA Class I Expression in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123690. [PMID: 33316946 PMCID: PMC7763827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are both used to treat malignancies. The immunotherapy of cancer often involves T cells, which recognise the antigens presented in HLA molecules. Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignancy, which often gives rise to metastases. We determined whether high-risk tumours expressed the target of two drugs, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Quisinostat and Tazemetostat, an inhibitor of Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2). We observed that especially high-risk UM tumours (monosomy 3, gain of 8q, loss of BAP1) expressed several HDACs, and showed a high HLA Class I expression. We further tested whether these drugs influenced HLA Class I expression on three UM cell lines. The drug Quisinostat led to an upregulation of HLA protein and mRNA levels in three UM cell lines, while Tazemetostat had little effect. We concluded that the use of drugs that influence epigenetic regulators may impact immunotherapy approaches. Abstract The treatment of uveal melanoma (UM) metastases or adjuvant treatment may imply immunological approaches or chemotherapy. It is to date unknown how epigenetic modifiers affect the expression of immunologically relevant targets, such as the HLA Class I antigens, in UM. We investigated the expression of HDACs and the histone methyl transferase EZH2 in a set of 64 UMs, using an Illumina HT12V4 array, and determined whether a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and EZH2 inhibitor modified the expression of HLA Class I on three UM cell lines. Several HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, and HDAC8) showed an increased expression in high-risk UM, and were correlated with an increased HLA expression. HDAC11 had the opposite expression pattern. While in vitro tests showed that Tazemetostat did not influence cell growth, Quisinostat decreased cell survival. In the three tested cell lines, Quisinostat increased HLA Class I expression at the protein and mRNA level, while Tazemetostat did not have an effect on the cell surface HLA Class I levels. Combination therapy mostly followed the Quisinostat results. Our findings indicate that epigenetic drugs (in this case an HDAC inhibitor) may influence the expression of immunologically relevant cell surface molecules in UM, demonstrating that these drugs potentially influence immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
| | - Aart G. Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Mieke Versluis
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
| | - Annemijn P.A. Wierenga
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
| | - Fariba Nemati
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, 75248 Paris, France;
| | - Pieter A. van der Velden
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
| | - Wilma G.M. Kroes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, ErasmusMC, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P.M. Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.S.); (M.V.); (A.P.A.W.); (P.A.v.d.V.); (G.P.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Honduvilla N, Coca S, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, Teus MA. Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1262-1279. [PMID: 33173970 PMCID: PMC7646582 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer with a low mean annual incidence of 5‑10 cases per million. Tumours are located in the choroid (90%), ciliary body (6%) or iris (4%) and of 85% are primary tumours. As in cutaneous melanoma, tumours arise in melanocytes; however, the characteristics of uveal melanoma differ, accounting for 3‑5% of melanocytic cancers. Among the numerous risk factors are age, sex, genetic and phenotypic predisposition, the work environment and dermatological conditions. Management is usually multidisciplinary, including several specialists such as ophthalmologists, oncologists and maxillofacial surgeons, who participate in the diagnosis, treatment and complex follow‑up of these patients, without excluding the management of the immense emotional burden. Clinically, uveal melanoma generates symptoms that depend as much on the affected ocular globe site as on the tumour size. The anatomopathological study of uveal melanoma has recently benefited from developments in molecular biology. In effect, disease classification or staging according to molecular profile is proving useful for the assessment of this type of tumour. Further, the improved knowledge of tumour biology is giving rise to a more targeted approach to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment development; for example, epigenetics driven by microRNAs as a target for disease control. In the present study, the main epidemiological, clinical, physiopathological and molecular features of this disease are reviewed, and the associations among all these factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
- Internal and Oncology Service (CIBER-EHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ophthalmology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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