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Chattopadhyay S, Hazra R, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Small-molecule in cancer immunotherapy: Revolutionizing cancer treatment with transformative, game-changing breakthroughs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189170. [PMID: 39127244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer management, with antibody-based treatments leading the charge due to their superior pharmacodynamics, including enhanced effectiveness and specificity. However, these therapies are hampered by limitations such as prolonged half-lives, poor tissue and tumor penetration, and minimal oral bioavailability. Additionally, their immunogenic nature can cause adverse effects. Consequently, the focus is shifting towards small-molecule-based immunotherapies, which potentially overcome these drawbacks. Emerging as a promising alternative, small molecules offer the benefits of therapeutic antibodies and immunomodulators, often yielding synergistic effects when combined. Recent advancements in small-molecule cancer immunotherapy are notable, featuring inhibitors, agonists, and degraders that act as immunomodulators. This article delves into the current landscape of small-molecule immunotherapy in cancer treatment, highlighting novel agents targeting key pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), PD-1/PD-L1, chemokine receptors, and stimulators of interferon genes (STING). The review emphasizes newly discovered molecular entities and their modulatory roles in tumorigenesis, many of which have progressed to clinical trials, that aims to provide a comprehensive snapshot of the evolving frontier in cancer treatment, driven by small-molecule immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India.
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2
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Liu B, Zhou H, Tan L, Siu KTH, Guan XY. Exploring treatment options in cancer: Tumor treatment strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:175. [PMID: 39013849 PMCID: PMC11252281 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have burdened cancer patients with onerous physical and psychological challenges. Encouragingly, the landscape of tumor treatment has undergone a comprehensive and remarkable transformation. Emerging as fervently pursued modalities are small molecule targeted agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cell-based therapies, and gene therapy. These cutting-edge treatment modalities not only afford personalized and precise tumor targeting, but also provide patients with enhanced therapeutic comfort and the potential to impede disease progression. Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that these therapeutic strategies still harbour untapped potential for further advancement. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the merits and limitations of these treatment modalities holds the promise of offering novel perspectives for clinical practice and foundational research endeavours. In this review, we discussed the different treatment modalities, including small molecule targeted drugs, peptide drugs, antibody drugs, cell therapy, and gene therapy. It will provide a detailed explanation of each method, addressing their status of development, clinical challenges, and potential solutions. The aim is to assist clinicians and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of these diverse treatment options, enabling them to carry out effective treatment and advance their research more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin To Hugo Siu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Alaluf E, Shalamov MM, Sonnenblick A. Update on current and new potential immunotherapies in breast cancer, from bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287824. [PMID: 38433837 PMCID: PMC10905744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Impressive advances have been seen in cancer immunotherapy during the last years. Although breast cancer (BC) has been long considered as non-immunogenic, immunotherapy for the treatment of BC is now emerging as a new promising therapeutic approach with considerable potential. This is supported by a plethora of completed and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies in various types of immunotherapies. However, a significant gap between clinical oncology and basic cancer research impairs the understanding of cancer immunology and immunotherapy, hampering cancer therapy research and development. To exploit the accumulating available data in an optimal way, both fundamental mechanisms at play in BC immunotherapy and its clinical pitfalls must be integrated. Then, clinical trials must be critically designed with appropriate combinations of conventional and immunotherapeutic strategies. While there is room for major improvement, this updated review details the immunotherapeutic tools available to date, from bench to bedside, in the hope that this will lead to rethinking and optimizing standards of care for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Alaluf
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Zaluzec EK, Sempere LF. Systemic and Local Strategies for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:248. [PMID: 38254741 PMCID: PMC10814018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One in eight women will develop breast cancer in the US. For women with moderate (15-20%) to average (12.5%) risk of breast cancer, there are few options available for risk reduction. For high-risk (>20%) women, such as BRCA mutation carriers, primary prevention strategies are limited to evidence-based surgical removal of breasts and/or ovaries and anti-estrogen treatment. Despite their effectiveness in risk reduction, not many high-risk individuals opt for surgical or hormonal interventions due to severe side effects and potentially life-changing outcomes as key deterrents. Thus, better communication about the benefits of existing strategies and the development of new strategies with minimal side effects are needed to offer women adequate risk-reducing interventions. We extensively review and discuss innovative investigational strategies for primary prevention. Most of these investigational strategies are at the pre-clinical stage, but some are already being evaluated in clinical trials and others are expected to lead to first-in-human clinical trials within 5 years. Likely, these strategies would be initially tested in high-risk individuals but may be applicable to lower-risk women, if shown to decrease risk at a similar rate to existing strategies, but with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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5
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Wang L, Cao Q, Kim JH. Nanovaccines: An effective therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115992. [PMID: 38070247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines hold considerable promise for the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Nanomedicine offers several strategies for enhancing vaccine effectiveness. In particular, molecular or (sub) cellular vaccines can be delivered to the target lymphoid tissues and cells by nanocarriers and nanoplatforms to increase the potency and durability of antitumor immunity and minimize negative side effects. Nanovaccines use nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers and/or adjuvants, offering the advantages of optimal nanoscale size, high stability, ample antigen loading, high immunogenicity, tunable antigen presentation, increased retention in lymph nodes, and immunity promotion. To induce antitumor immunity, cancer vaccines rely on tumor antigens, which are administered in the form of entire cells, peptides, nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or cell membrane-encapsulated NPs. Ideal cancer vaccines stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity while overcoming tumor-induced immune suppression. Herein, we review the key properties of nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy and highlight the recent advances in their development based on the structure and composition of various (including synthetic and semi (biogenic) nanocarriers. Moreover, we discuss tumor cell-derived vaccines (including those based on whole-tumor-cell components, EVs, cell membrane-encapsulated NPs, and hybrid membrane-coated NPs), nanovaccine action mechanisms, and the challenges of immunocancer therapy and their translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lin Wang
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Vajari MK, Sanaei MJ, Salari S, Rezvani A, Ravari MS, Bashash D. Breast cancer vaccination: Latest advances with an analytical focus on clinical trials. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110696. [PMID: 37494841 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The heterogenicity of breast tumors and the presence of tumor resistance, metastasis, and disease recurrence make BC a challenging malignancy. A new age in cancer treatment is being ushered in by the enormous success of cancer immunotherapy, and therapeutic cancer vaccination is one such area of research. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the application of cancer vaccines in BC as monotherapy could not induce satisfying anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, the application of various vaccine platforms as well as combination therapies like immunotherapy could influence the clinical benefits of BC treatment. We analyzed the clinical trials of BC vaccination and revealed that the majority of trials were in phase I and II meaning that the BC vaccine studies lack favorable outcomes or they need more development. Furthermore, peptide- and cell-based vaccines are the major platforms utilized in clinical trials according to our analysis. Besides, some studies showed satisfying outcomes regarding carbohydrate-based vaccines in BC treatment. Recent advancements in therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer were promising strategies that could be accessible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kohansal Vajari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Yang J, Li B, Yang D, Wu J, Yang A, Wang W, Lin F, Wan X, Li Y, Chen Z, Lv S, Pang D, Liao W, Meng S, Lu J, Guo J, Wang Z, Shen S. The immunogenicity of Alum+CpG adjuvant SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:6064-6071. [PMID: 37640568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing evolution and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants have raised concerns regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines and therapeutic agents. This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of an aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and CpG adjuvanted inactivated vaccine (IAV) candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. A comparison was made between the immune response of mice vaccinated with the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV and those vaccinated with the Alum adjuvant IAV. Mice immunized with Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV demonstrated high antibody titers and a durable humoral immune response, as well as a Th1-type cellular immune response. Notably, compared to Alum alone vaccine, the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV induced significantly higher proportions of GC B cells in the splenocytes of immunized mice. Importantly, the changes in inflammatory cytokine levels in the sera of mice vaccinated with the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV followed a similar trend to that of the Alum adjuvant IAV, which had been proven safe in clinical trials. Overall, our results demonstrate that Alum+CpG adjuvant has the potential to serve as a novel adjuvant, thereby providing valuable insights into the development of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Boran Li
- Hubei Province Medical Products Administration Center for Drug Evaluation, No. 19 Gongzheng Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Fengjie Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - YuWei Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shiyun Lv
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Ye F, Dewanjee S, Li Y, Jha NK, Chen ZS, Kumar A, Vishakha, Behl T, Jha SK, Tang H. Advancements in clinical aspects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:105. [PMID: 37415164 PMCID: PMC10324146 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management. However, recent advances in molecular biology and immunology enable to develop highly targeted therapies for many forms of breast cancer. The primary objective of targeted therapy is to inhibit a specific target/molecule that supports tumor progression. Ak strain transforming, cyclin-dependent kinases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and different growth factors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for specific breast cancer subtypes. Many targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some have already received the FDA approval as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, the targeted drugs have yet to achieve therapeutic promise against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this aspect, immune therapy has come up as a promising therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Different immunotherapeutic modalities including immune-checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer have been extensively studied in the clinical setting of breast cancer, especially in TNBC patients. The FDA has already approved some immune-checkpoint blockers in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat TNBC and several trials are ongoing. This review provides an overview of clinical developments and recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for breast cancer treatment. The successes, challenges, and prospects were critically discussed to portray their profound prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Javid H, Attarian F, Saadatmand T, Rezagholinejad N, Mehri A, Amiri H, Karimi-Shahri M. The therapeutic potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: Rational strategies and recent progress. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:477-494. [PMID: 36966454 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and despite significant advances in BC therapies, a significant proportion of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Currently used treatments, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, result in poor responses and high recurrence rates. Alternative therapies are therefore needed for this type of cancer. Cancer patients may benefit from immunotherapy, a novel treatment strategy in cancer treatment. Even though immunotherapy has been successful in many cases, some patients do not respond to the treatment or those who do respond relapse or progress. The purpose of this review is to discuss several different immunotherapy approaches approved for the treatment of BC, as well as different strategies for immunotherapy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Attarian
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mehri
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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10
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Vishweshwaraiah YL, Dokholyan NV. mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029069. [PMID: 36591226 PMCID: PMC9794995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough strategy in cancer treatment. mRNA vaccines are an attractive and powerful immunotherapeutic platform against cancer because of their high potency, specificity, versatility, rapid and large-scale development capability, low-cost manufacturing potential, and safety. Recent technological advances in mRNA vaccine design and delivery have accelerated mRNA cancer vaccines' development and clinical application. In this review, we present various cancer vaccine platforms with a focus on nucleic acid vaccines. We discuss rational design and optimization strategies for mRNA cancer vaccine development. We highlight the platforms available for delivery of the mRNA vaccines with a focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) based delivery systems. Finally, we discuss the limitations of mRNA cancer vaccines and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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11
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Wang S, Guo J, Bai Y, Sun C, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hao H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a candidate tumor vaccine platform. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987419. [PMID: 36159867 PMCID: PMC9505906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment methods beyond the traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a type of double-membrane vesicle secreted by Gram-negative bacteria in the process of growth and life, and play extremely important roles in the survival and invasion of those bacteria. In particular, OMVs contain a large number of immunogenic components associated with their parent bacterium, which can be used as vaccines, adjuvants, and vectors to treat diseases, especially in presenting tumor antigens or targeted therapy with small-molecule drugs. Some OMV-based vaccines are already on the market and have demonstrated good therapeutic effect on the corresponding diseases. OMV-based vaccines for cancer are also being studied, and some are already in clinical trials. This paper reviews bacterial outer membrane vesicles, their interaction with host cells, and their applications in tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Hao,
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12
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Liu Z, Lv J, Dang Q, Liu L, Weng S, Wang L, Zhou Z, Kong Y, Li H, Han Y, Han X. Engineering neoantigen vaccines to improve cancer personalized immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5607-5623. [PMID: 36263174 PMCID: PMC9576504 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy treatments harnessing the immune system herald a new era of personalized medicine, offering considerable benefits for cancer patients. Over the past years, tumor neoantigens emerged as a rising star in immunotherapy. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens arising from somatic mutations, which are proceeded and presented by the major histocompatibility complex on the cell surface. With the advancement of sequencing technology and bioinformatics engineering, the recognition of neoantigens has accelerated and is expected to be incorporated into the clinical routine. Currently, tumor vaccines against neoantigens mainly encompass peptides, DNA, RNA, and dendritic cells, which are extremely specific to individual patients. Due to the high immunogenicity of neoantigens, tumor vaccines could activate and expand antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to intensify anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we introduce the origin and prediction of neoantigens and compare the advantages and disadvantages of multiple types of neoantigen vaccines. Besides, we review the immunizations and the current clinical research status in neoantigen vaccines, and outline strategies for enhancing the efficacy of neoantigen vaccines. Finally, we present the challenges facing the application of neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 40052, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Huanyun Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Xinwei Han.
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13
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Moragon S, Hernando C, Martinez-Martinez MT, Tapia M, Ortega-Morillo B, Lluch A, Bermejo B, Cejalvo JM. Immunological Landscape of HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3167. [PMID: 35804943 PMCID: PMC9265068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological aspects of immune response in HER2+ breast cancer is crucial to implementing new treatment strategies in these patients. It is well known that anti-HER2 therapy has improved survival in this population, yet a substantial percentage may relapse, creating a need within the scientific community to uncover resistance mechanisms and determine how to overcome them. This systematic review indicates the immunological mechanisms through which trastuzumab and other agents target cancer cells, also outlining the main trials studying immune checkpoint blockade. Finally, we report on anti-HER2 vaccines and include a figure exemplifying their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Moragon
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Marta Tapia
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Belen Ortega-Morillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Ana Lluch
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC (Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red De Cancer), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC (Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red De Cancer), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.H.); (M.T.M.-M.); (M.T.); (B.O.-M.); (A.L.); (B.B.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC (Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red De Cancer), 28220 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhang L, Zhou X, Sha H, Xie L, Liu B. Recent Progress on Therapeutic Vaccines for Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905832. [PMID: 35734599 PMCID: PMC9207208 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide. Advanced breast cancer is still an incurable disease mainly because of its heterogeneity and limited immunogenicity. The great success of cancer immunotherapy is paving the way for a new era in cancer treatment, and therapeutic cancer vaccination is an area of interest. Vaccine targets include tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. Immune responses differ in different vaccine delivery platforms. Next-generation sequencing technologies and computational analysis have recently made personalized vaccination possible. However, only a few cases benefiting from neoantigen-based treatment have been reported in breast cancer, and more attention has been given to overexpressed antigen-based treatment, especially human epidermal growth factor 2-derived peptide vaccines. Here, we discuss recent advancements in therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer and highlight near-term opportunities for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianru Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xipeng Zhou
- Department of oncology, Yizheng People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huizi Sha
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xie
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Arakelian T, Oosterhuis K, Tondini E, Los M, Vree J, van Geldorp M, Camps M, Teunisse B, Zoutendijk I, Arens R, Zondag G, Ossendorp F, van Bergen J. Pyroptosis-inducing active caspase-1 as a genetic adjuvant in anti-cancer DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2022; 40:2087-2098. [PMID: 35177300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently discovered form of inflammatory programmed necrosis characterized by caspase-1-mediated and gasdermin D-dependent cell death leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Here, we evaluated whether pyroptosis could be exploited in DNA vaccination by incorporating a constitutively active variant of caspase-1 to the antigen-expressing DNA. In vitro, transfection with constitutively active caspase-1 DNA induced pro-IL-1β maturation and IL-1β release as well as gasdermin D-dependent cell death. To test active caspase-1 as a genetic adjuvant for the induction of antigen-specific T cell responses, mice were vaccinated intradermally with a DNA vaccine consisting of the active caspase-1 plasmid together with a plasmid encoding an ovalbumin-derived CD8 T cell epitope. Active caspase-1 accelerated and amplified antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses when administered simultaneously with the DNA vaccine at an equimolar dose. Moreover, upon challenge with melanoma cells expressing ovalbumin, mice vaccinated with the antigen vaccine adjuvanted with active caspase-1 showed significantly better survival compared to the non-adjuvanted group. In conclusion, we have developed a novel genetic adjuvant that for the first time employs the pyroptosis pathway to improve DNA vaccination against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsolere Arakelian
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Oosterhuis
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Tondini
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Los
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Vree
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska van Geldorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Zondag
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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16
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Liu J, Fu M, Wang M, Wan D, Wei Y, Wei X. Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 35303904 PMCID: PMC8931585 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Cancer vaccine stimulates anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, which could be delivered in the form of whole cells, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Ideal cancer vaccines could overcome the immune suppression in tumors and induce both humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In this review, we introduced the working mechanism of cancer vaccines and summarized four platforms for cancer vaccine development. We also highlighted the clinical research progress of the cancer vaccines, especially focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy, which might hopefully facilitate the future design of the cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. The relapse and metastasis of breast cancer remain a great challenge despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2 targeted therapy in the past decades. Innovative therapeutic strategies are still critically in need. Cancer vaccine is an attractive option as it aims to induce a durable immunologic response to eradicate tumor cells. Different types of breast cancer vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials, but none has led to significant benefits. Despite the disappointing results at present, new promise from the latest study indicates the possibility of applying vaccines in combination with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint blockade. This review summarizes the principles and mechanisms underlying breast cancer vaccines, recapitulates the type and administration routes of vaccine, reviews the current results of relevant clinical trials, and addresses the potential reasons for the setbacks and future directions to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy and Generation of CAR T Cell by CRISPR-Cas9. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades, and considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system’s therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell cancer therapy and CAR T-cell therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy remains to be accomplished. In spite of having startling aspects, cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively target cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patients’ responses. With the advancement in technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including the generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune-therapeutics against cancer.
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19
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Abbaspour M, Akbari V. Cancer vaccines as a targeted immunotherapy approach for breast cancer: an update of clinical evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:337-353. [PMID: 34932427 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the first common neoplastic malignancy and the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. Conventional treatments for BC are often associated with severe side effects and may even lead to late recurrence. For this reason, in recent years, cancer immunotherapy (e.g., cancer vaccines), a novel approach based on the specificity and amplification of acquired immune responses, has been considered as a potential candidate in particular to treat metastatic BC. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent development of therapeutic vaccines for BC, use of specific BC cellular antigens, antigen selection, and probable causes for their insufficient effectiveness. EXPERT OPINION Despite development of several different BC vaccines strategies including protein/peptide, dendritic cell, and genetic vaccines, until now, no BC vaccine has been approved for clinical use. Most of the current BC vaccines themselves fail to bring clinical benefit to BC patients and are applied in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. It is hoped that with advances in our knowledge about tumor microenvironment and the development of novel combination strategies, the tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms can be overcome and prolonged immunologic and effective anti-tumor response can be developed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbaspour
- Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Roy S, Ghosh J, Ghosh R. Cancer Vaccine in Solid Tumors: Where We Stand. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer immunotherapy has achieved landmark progress in the field of medical oncology in the era of personalized medicine. In the recent past, our knowledge has expanded regarding how tumor cells escape from the immune system, introducing immunosuppressive microenvironments, and developing tolerance. Therapeutic cancer vaccine leads to activation of immune memory that is long-lasting, safe, and effective; hence, it is becoming an attractive method of immunotherapy. Various cancer vaccine trials in the past have taught us the types of target selection, magnitude of immune response, and implementation of appropriate technologies for the development of new successful cancer vaccines. Tumor-associated antigens, cancer germline antigens, oncogenic viral antigens, and tumor-specific antigens, also known as neoantigens, are potential targets for designing therapeutic cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccine could be cell based, viral vector based, peptide based, and nucleic acid based (DNA/RNA). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and toxicities of various types of cancer vaccines. In this article, we review the types of various tumor antigens and types of cancer vaccines tested in clinical trials and discuss the application and importance of this approach toward precision medicine in the field of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranti Ghosh
- Deparment of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Fracol M, Shah N, Dolivo D, Hong S, Giragosian L, Galiano R, Mustoe T, Kim JYS. Can Breast Implants Induce Breast Cancer Immunosurveillance? An Analysis of Antibody Response to Breast Cancer Antigen following Implant Placement. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:287-298. [PMID: 34398081 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with cosmetic breast implants have significantly lower rates of subsequent breast cancer than the general population (relative risk, 0.63; 95 percent CI, 0.56 to 0.71). The authors hypothesize that breast implant-induced local inflammation stimulates immunosurveillance recognition of breast tumor antigen. METHODS Sera were collected from two cohorts of healthy women: women with long-term breast implants (i.e., breast implants for >6 months) and breast implant-naive women. Antibody responses to breast tumor antigens were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared between cohorts by unpaired t test. Of the implant-naive cohort, nine women underwent breast augmentation, and antibody responses before and after implant placement were compared by paired t test. RESULTS Sera were collected from 104 women: 36 (34.6 percent) long-term breast implants and 68 (65.4 percent) implant-naive women. Women with long-term breast implants had higher antibody responses than implant-naive women to mammaglobin-A (optical density at 450 nm, 0.33 versus 0.22; p = 0.003) and mucin-1 (optical density at 450 nm, 0.42 versus 0.34; p = 0.02). There was no difference in antibody responses to breast cancer susceptibility gene 2, carcinoembryonic antigen, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, or tetanus. Nine women with longitudinal samples preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively demonstrated significantly elevated antibody responses following implant placement to mammaglobin-A (mean difference, 0.13; p = 0.0002) and mucin-1 (mean difference 0.08; p = 0.02). There was no difference in postimplant responses to other breast tumor antigens, or tetanus. CONCLUSIONS Women with long-term breast implants have higher antibody recognition of mammaglobin-A and mucin-1. This study provides the first evidence of implant-related immune responses to breast cancer antigens. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Fracol
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Nikita Shah
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - David Dolivo
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Seok Hong
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Lexa Giragosian
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Robert Galiano
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - John Y S Kim
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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22
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Supabphol S, Li L, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Neoantigen vaccine platforms in clinical development: understanding the future of personalized immunotherapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:529-541. [PMID: 33641576 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1896702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Derived from genetic alterations, cancer neoantigens are proteins with novel amino acid sequences that can be recognized by the immune system. Recent evidence demonstrates that cancer neoantigens represent important targets of cancer immunotherapy. The goal of cancer neoantigen vaccines is to induce neoantigen-specific immune responses and antitumor immunity, while minimizing the potential for autoimmune toxicity. Advances in sequencing technologies, neoantigen prediction ?algorithms,? and other technologies have dramatically improved the ability to identify and prioritize cancer neoantigens. These advances have generated considerable enthusiasm for ?the ?development of neoantigen vaccines. Several neoantigen vaccine platforms are currently being evaluated in early phase clinical trials including the synthetic long peptide (SLP), RNA, dendritic cell (DC), and DNA vaccine platforms. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe, evaluate the mechanism(s) of action, compare the advantages and disadvantages, and summarize early clinical experience with each vaccine platform. We provide perspectives on the future directions of the neoantigen vaccine field. All data are derived from PubMed and ClinicalTrials search updated in October 2020. EXPERT OPINION Although the initial clinical experience is promising, significant challenges to the success of neoantigen vaccines include limitations in neoantigen identification and the need to successfully target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suangson Supabphol
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lijin Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William E Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Seo YB, Suh YS, Ryu JI, Jang H, Oh H, Koo BS, Seo SH, Hong JJ, Song M, Kim SJ, Sung YC. Soluble Spike DNA Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:307. [PMID: 33804981 PMCID: PMC8063950 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) has motivated the need for a rapidly producible and scalable vaccine. Here, we developed a synthetic soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) DNA-based vaccine candidate, GX-19. In mice, immunization with GX-19 elicited not only S-specific systemic and pulmonary antibody responses but also Th1-biased T cell responses in a dose-dependent manner. GX-19-vaccinated nonhuman primates seroconverted rapidly and exhibited a detectable neutralizing antibody response as well as multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Notably, when the immunized nonhuman primates were challenged at 10 weeks after the last vaccination with GX-19, they had reduced viral loads in contrast to non-vaccinated primates as a control. These findings indicate that GX-19 vaccination provides a durable protective immune response and also support further development of GX-19 as a vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bok Seo
- Research Institute, SL VaxiGen Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (Y.B.S.); (J.I.R.); (H.J.)
| | - You Suk Suh
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
| | - Ji In Ryu
- Research Institute, SL VaxiGen Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (Y.B.S.); (J.I.R.); (H.J.)
| | - Hwanhee Jang
- Research Institute, SL VaxiGen Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (Y.B.S.); (J.I.R.); (H.J.)
| | - Hanseul Oh
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 34141, Korea; (H.O.); (B.-S.K.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 34141, Korea; (H.O.); (B.-S.K.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Sang-Hwan Seo
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk 34141, Korea; (H.O.); (B.-S.K.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Manki Song
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Young Chul Sung
- Research Institute, SL VaxiGen Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (Y.B.S.); (J.I.R.); (H.J.)
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
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Abstract
CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells and triggers an innate immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of CpG ODN and provides an overview of human clinical trial results using CpG ODN to improve vaccines for the prevention/treatment of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis M Klinman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Leitman Klinman Consulting, Potomac, MD, USA.
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Dafni U, Martín-Lluesma S, Balint K, Tsourti Z, Vervita K, Chenal J, Coukos G, Zaman K, Sarivalasis A, Kandalaft LE. Efficacy of cancer vaccines in selected gynaecological breast and ovarian cancers: A 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2020; 142:63-82. [PMID: 33221598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic cancer vaccination is an area of interest, even though promising efficacy has not been demonstrated so far. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate vaccines' efficacy on breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Our search was based on the PubMed electronic database, from 1st January 2000 to 4th February 2020. OBJECTIVE response rate (ORR) was the primary end-point of interest, while progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity were secondary end-points. Analysis was performed separately for BC and OC patients. Pooled ORRs were estimated by fixed or random effects models, depending on the detected degree of heterogeneity, for all studies with more than five patients. Subgroup analyses by vaccine type and treatment schema as well as sensitivity analyses, were implemented. RESULTS Among 315 articles initially identified, 67 were eligible for our meta-analysis (BC: 46, 1698 patients; OC: 32, 426 patients; where both BC/OC in 11). Dendritic-cell and peptide vaccines were found in more studies, 6/10 BC and 10/13 OC studies, respectively. In our primary BC analysis (21 studies; 428 patients), the pooled ORR estimate was 9% (95%CI[5%,13%]). The primary OC analysis (12 studies; 182 patients), yielded pooled ORR estimate of 4% (95%CI[1%,7%]). Similar were the results derived in sensitivity analyses. No statistically significant differences were detected by vaccine type or treatment schema. Median PFS was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI)[1.9,2.9]) and 13.0 months (95%CI[8.5,16.3]) for BC and OC respectively, while corresponding median OS was 24.8 months (95%CI[15.0,46.0]) and 39.0 months (95%CI[31.0,49.0]). In almost all cases, the observed toxicity was only moderate. CONCLUSION Despite their modest results in terms of ORR, therapeutic vaccines in the last 20 years display relatively long survival rates and low toxicity. Since a plethora of different approaches have been tested, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed in order to further improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S Martín-Lluesma
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - K Balint
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - K Vervita
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - J Chenal
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Zaman
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sarivalasis
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L E Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Girotti A, Escalera-Anzola S, Alonso-Sampedro I, González-Valdivieso J, Arias FJ. Aptamer-Functionalized Natural Protein-Based Polymers as Innovative Biomaterials. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1115. [PMID: 33228250 PMCID: PMC7699523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials science is one of the most rapidly evolving fields in biomedicine. However, although novel biomaterials have achieved well-defined goals, such as the production of devices with improved biocompatibility and mechanical properties, their development could be more ambitious. Indeed, the integration of active targeting strategies has been shown to allow spatiotemporal control of cell-material interactions, thus leading to more specific and better-performing devices. This manuscript reviews recent advances that have led to enhanced biomaterials resulting from the use of natural structural macromolecules. In this regard, several structural macromolecules have been adapted or modified using biohybrid approaches for use in both regenerative medicine and therapeutic delivery. The integration of structural and functional features and aptamer targeting, although still incipient, has already shown its ability and wide-reaching potential. In this review, we discuss aptamer-functionalized hybrid protein-based or polymeric biomaterials derived from structural macromolecules, with a focus on bioresponsive/bioactive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE Research Group (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Escalera-Anzola
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Irene Alonso-Sampedro
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Juan González-Valdivieso
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Francisco. Javier Arias
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
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The functions of azurin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and human mammaglobin-A on proapoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes expression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2308-2317. [PMID: 32884412 PMCID: PMC7451607 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Azurin protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an anti-tumor agent against breast cancer and mammaglobin-A (MAM-A) protein is a specific antigen on the surface of MCF-7 for induction of cellular immune. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of simultaneous expression of azurin and human MAM-A genes on the mRNA expression level of apoptosis-related and cell cycle genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The recombinant or empty plasmids were separately transferred into MCF-7 cells using Lipofectamine reagent. Flow cytometry was done to detect cell death and apoptosis. The expression of azurin and MAM-A genes were evaluated by IF assay, RT-PCR and western blot methods. Finally, apoptosis-related and cell cycle genes expression was examined in transformed and non-transformed MCF-7 cells by qPCR method. The successful expression of azurin and MAM-A genes in the MCF-7 cell were confirmed by RT-PCR, IF and western blotting. The apoptosis assay was showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference after transfection. The expression of BAK, FAS, and BAX genes in transformed cells compare with non-transformed and transformed MCF-7 by pBudCE4.1 were increased statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases. Although, the increase of SURVIVIN and P53 expressions in transformed cells were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Co-expression of azurin and MAM-A genes could induce apoptosis and necrosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells by up-regulation of BAK, FAS, and BAX genes. In future researches, it must be better the immune stimulation of pBudCE4.1-azurin-MAM-A recombinant vector in animal models and therapeutic approaches will be evaluated.
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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29
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Breast cancer vaccines: Heeding the lessons of the past to guide a path forward. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 84:101947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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30
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Krasniqi E, Barchiesi G, Pizzuti L, Mazzotta M, Venuti A, Maugeri-Saccà M, Sanguineti G, Massimiani G, Sergi D, Carpano S, Marchetti P, Tomao S, Gamucci T, De Maria R, Tomao F, Natoli C, Tinari N, Ciliberto G, Barba M, Vici P. Immunotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:111. [PMID: 31665051 PMCID: PMC6820969 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with primary or acquired incurability characteristics in a significant part of patients. Immunotherapeutical agents represent an emerging option for breast cancer treatment, including the human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2+) subtype. The immune system holds the ability to spontaneously implement a defensive response against HER2+ BC cells through complex mechanisms which can be exploited to modulate this response for obtaining a clinical benefit. Initial immune system modulating strategies consisted mostly in vaccine therapies, which are still being investigated and improved. However, the entrance of trastuzumab into the scenery of HER2+ BC treatment was the real game changing event, which embodied a dominant immune-mediated mechanism. More recently, the advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors has caused a new paradigm shift for immuno-oncology, with promising initial results also for HER2+ BC. Breast cancer has been traditionally considered poorly immunogenic, being characterized by relatively low tumor mutation burden (TMB). Nevertheless, recent evidence has revealed high tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in a considerable proportion of HER2+ BC patients. This may translate into a higher potential to elicit anti-cancer response and, therefore, wider possibilities for the use and implementation of immunotherapy in this subset of BC patients. We are herein presenting and critically discussing the most representative evidence concerning immunotherapy in HER2+ BC cancer, both singularly and in combination with therapeutic agents acting throughout HER2-block, immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-cancer vaccines. The reader will be also provided with hints concerning potential future projection of the most promising immutherapeutic agents and approaches for the disease of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krasniqi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - G Barchiesi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mazzotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- HPV-UNIT, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation (RIDAIT), Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Massimiani
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - D Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - S Carpano
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit B, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - S Tomao
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Gamucci
- Medical Oncology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - F Tomao
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - N Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - P Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
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Thakur V, Kutty RV. Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:430. [PMID: 31661003 PMCID: PMC6819447 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemotherapy as the only treatment regime. High propensity to metastasize and relapse in addition to poor prognosis and survival motivated the oncologist, nano-medical scientist to develop novel and efficient nanotherapies to solve such a big TNBC challenge. Recently, the focus for enhanced availability, targeted cellular uptake with minimal toxicity is achieved by nano-carriers. These smart nano-carriers carrying all the necessary arsenals (drugs, tracking probe, and ligand) designed in such a way that specifically targets the TNBC cells at site. Articulating the targeted delivery system with multifunctional molecules for high specificity, tracking, diagnosis, and treatment emerged as theranostic approach. In this review, in addition to classical treatment modalities, recent advances in nanotheranostics for early and effective diagnostic and treatment is discussed. This review highlighted the recently FDA approved immunotherapy and all the ongoing clinical trials for TNBC, in addition to nanoparticle assisted immunotherapy. Futuristic but realistic advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning not only improve early diagnosis but also assist clinicians for their workup in TNBC. The novel concept of Nanoparticles induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as a way of tumor invasion is also discussed in addition to classical EPR effect. This review intends to provide basic insight and understanding of the novel nano-therapeutic modalities in TNBC diagnosis and treatment and to sensitize the readers for continue designing the novel nanomedicine. This is the first time that designing nanoparticles with stoichiometric definable number of antibodies per nanoparticle now represents the next level of precision by design in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Thakur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajaletchumy Veloo Kutty
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology,University Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
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Babaer D, Zheng M, Ivy MT, Zent R, Tiriveedhi V. Methylselenol producing selenocompounds enhance the efficiency of mammaglobin-A peptide vaccination against breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6891-6898. [PMID: 31807192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous phase I DNA-vaccine based clinical trials using Mammaglobin-A (Mam-A), a human breast tumor associated antigen (TAA), demonstrated that this agent was safe and efficient at treating patients with stage IV breast cancer. The long-term success of cancer vaccines is limited by the diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in the tumor microenvironment. The current study assessed the impact of various selenocompounds on the expression of HLA class I molecules in THP-1 cells, an apparent proficient antigen that presents a human monocyte-like cell line, and their eventual activation of MamA2.1 (HLA-A2 immunodominant epitope of Mam-A) specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). The results revealed that, following treatment with methylselenol producing compounds [methylselenic acid (MSA) and dimethylselenide (DMDSe)], the expression of HLA class-I was increased and components involved with the antigen presentation machinery of THP-1 cells were upregulated. Furthermore, CTLs activated by MamA2.1 peptide presenting THP-1 cells, pre-treated with MSA and DMDSe, demonstrated an enhanced cytotoxicity in HLA-A2+/Mam-A+ AU565 and UACC-812 breast cancer cell lines when compared with CTLs activated by THP-1 cells without drug treatment. However, no significant cytotoxicity was observed under similar conditions in HLA-A2+/Mam-A- MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results indicated that treatment with methylselenol producing compounds retained antigen-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells. The data of the current study demonstrated that MSA and DMDSe potentiated effector cytotoxic responses following TAA specific activation of CTLs, indicating their future role as vaccine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Babaer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Mu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Michael T Ivy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Scioli MG, Storti G, D'Amico F, Gentile P, Fabbri G, Cervelli V, Orlandi A. The Role of Breast Cancer Stem Cells as a Prognostic Marker and a Target to Improve the Efficacy of Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071021. [PMID: 31330794 PMCID: PMC6678191 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of tumor in women and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Even though the major cellular burden in breast cancer is constituted by the so-called bulk tumor cells, another cell subpopulation named cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been identified. The latter have stem features, a self-renewal capacity, and the ability to regenerate the bulk tumor cells. CSCs have been described in several cancer types but breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were among the first to be identified and characterized. Therefore, many efforts have been put into the phenotypic characterization of BCSCs and the study of their potential as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many dysregulated pathways in BCSCs are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are found up-regulated in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), another important cancer cell subpopulation, that shed into the vasculature and disseminate along the body to give metastases. Conventional therapies fail at eliminating BCSCs because of their quiescent state that gives them therapy resistance. Based on this evidence, preclinical studies and clinical trials have tried to establish novel therapeutic regimens aiming to eradicate BCSCs. Markers useful for BCSC identification could also be possible therapeutic methods against BCSCs. New approaches in drug delivery combined with gene targeting, immunomodulatory, and cell-based therapies could be promising tools for developing effective CSC-targeted drugs against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Storti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico D'Amico
- Anatomic Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Fabbri
- Anatomic Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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The concurrent effects of azurin and Mammaglobin- A genes in inhibition of breast cancer progression and immune system stimulation in cancerous BALB/c mice. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:271. [PMID: 31245235 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the simultaneous application of azurin gene of P. aeruginosa and MAM-A antigen on the induction of immune responses against breast cancer tumors was investigated in BALB/c mice. The pBudCE4.1-azurin-MAM-A recombinant vector was generated and prepared at a large scale. This recombinant vector alone or combined with chitosan nanoparticles was infused into the hip muscle of animals. Animals were divided into the "prevention" and "therapy" categories. The animals of prevention category were first, immunized by a recombinant vector and then exposed to chemical cancer inducers; while the animals in the therapy category were first treated with chemical compounds and then infused by a recombinant plasmid. The tumor tissues, infusion sites, and blood specimens were collected and examined by serological, molecular, and histological tests. The breast tumor incidence in the infused animals by recombinant plasmid alone or combined with nanoparticles (in both prevention and therapy categories) compared with infused mice by empty pBudCE4.1 vector was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results were supported by histological studies using H&E staining. The ELISA and q-real-time PCR techniques showed the range of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-17A cytokines in the infused mice by recombinant vector alone or combined with nanoparticles compared to the healthy mice and infused animals by intact pBudCE4.1 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the expression of the tumor markers CEA, Krt20, and Muc1 were significantly decreased in treated mice either by the sole recombinant vector or combined with nanoparticles (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that pBudCE4.1-azurin-MAM-A recombinant vector plays an essential role against the formation and expansion of breast tumors in the animal model. In addition, this recombinant vector is safe and has the proper ability to stimulate the immune system. In addition, the chitosan nanoparticle represents a promising adjuvant for DNA vaccine delivery, which improves the immune system stimulation and boosts the vaccine performance.
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Nicolini A, Barak V, Biava P, Ferrari P, Rossi G, Carpi A. The Use of Immunotherapy to Treat Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:941-962. [PMID: 29424297 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180209124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the principal attempts of immune-modulation or immune therapy in metastatic breast cancer. It considers their rationale and reports on results from the relevant key clinical trials. Immune-modulatory or immune-stimulating cytokines used alone or combined with conventional therapies is among the principal approaches of immune manipulation in breast cancer. As this issue has recently been reviewed by us, the aim of the current article is to discuss our updated and unpublished data on this topic. Overall survival in luminal (28 patients) and non-luminal (9 patients) molecular subtypes is 91 and 59 months respectively that is about two and half or three times longer than expected. Thereafter, we focus on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) based-therapies including novel strategies to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 mAb. The main vaccine platforms in different molecular subtypes and immune therapies in triple negative metastatic breast cancer (m-TNBC) are discussed in the last sections. Some phase III investigations have already changed the current clinical practice. In fact, pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel is the recommended first line regimen in HER2 positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and bevacizumab plus paclitaxel or docetaxel is a reasonable option for m-TNBC. In some other observational or phase I/II studies on first-line trastuzumab plus chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and in that on HER2 peptide/protein vaccines promising although preliminary findings have been reported to be further validated. In the remaining studies, results were disappointing. In the future, finding new predictive biomarkers and exploring more suitable synergizing combinations, time and dose-dependent-scheduled sequences of currently and further investigated immunological approaches are main challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vivian Barak
- Immunology Lab for tumor diagnosis, Hadassah University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Piermario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Savelyeva N, Allen A, Chotprakaikiat W, Harden E, Jobsri J, Godeseth R, Wang Y, Stevenson F, Ottensmeier C. Linked CD4 T Cell Help: Broadening Immune Attack Against Cancer by Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 405:123-143. [PMID: 27704269 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting immunological check points has become a breakthrough therapeutic modality for solid cancers. However, only up to 50 % of patients benefit from this powerful approach. For others vaccination might provide a plausible addition or alternative. For induction of effective anticancer immunity CD4+ T cell help is required, which is often difficult to induce to self cancer targets because of tolerogenic mechanisms. Our approach for cancer vaccines has been to incorporate into the vaccine design sequences able to activate foreign T cell help, through genetically linking cancer targets to microbial sequences (King et al. in Nat Med 4(11):1281-1286, 1998; Savelyeva et al. in Nat Biotechnol 19(8):760-764, 2001). This harnesses the non-tolerized CD4 T cell repertoire available in patients to help induction of effective immunity against fused cancer antigens. Multiple immune effector mechanisms including antibody, CD8+ T cells as well as CD4 effector T cells can be activated using this strategy. Delivery via DNA vaccines has already indicated clinical efficacy. The same principle of linked T cell help has now been transferred to other novel vaccine modalities to further potentiate immunity against cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Savelyeva
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Alex Allen
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Warayut Chotprakaikiat
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Oral Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Elena Harden
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jantipa Jobsri
- Oral Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rosemary Godeseth
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yidao Wang
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Freda Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Oligodeoxynucleotides ODN 2006 and M362 Exert Potent Adjuvant Effect through TLR-9/-6 Synergy to Exaggerate Mammaglobin-A Peptide Specific Cytotoxic CD8+T Lymphocyte Responses against Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050672. [PMID: 31091800 PMCID: PMC6562487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammaglobin-A (MamA) is overexpressed in 40–80% of all human breast cancers. Recent phase I clinical trials of the MamA DNA vaccine showed encouraging safety outcomes. However, this vaccine elicited only a modest increase in MamA specific CD8+T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. As vaccine adjuvants play a critical role in enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficiency of vaccines, we tested the potential role of three synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN2216—class A ODN, ODN2006—class B ODN, and ODN M362—class C ODN) to further enhance MamA specific CTL responses. Towards this, naïve CD8+T cells were obtained from healthy HLA-A2+ human donors. The HLA-A2 specific immunodominant epitope of MamA, MamA2.1 (LIYDSSLCDL), was utilized to activate naïve CD8+T cells. The THP-1 (HLA-A2+) cells were used as antigen presenting cells to stimulate naïve CD8+T cells along with (or without) co-treatment of various ODNs mentioned above. Activation of naïve CD8+T cells with the MamA2.1 peptide along with ODNs demonstrated enhanced MamA specific CTL mediated cytotoxicity on AU565 (HLA-A+/MamA+) breast cancer cells following co-treatment with ODN2006 and M362 compared to ODN2216 or MamA2.1 peptide alone. However, no significant cytotoxicity was noted upon treatment of MamA2.1 activated CTLs on MCF7 (HLA-A+/MamA−) cells, suggesting that the activation of CTLs is specific to the MamA antigen. Functional characterization studies demonstrated specific IL-12 mediated cross-talk between TLR-6 and -9 in THP-1 cells following stimulation with ODN2006 and M362, which was critical for the final cytotoxic activation of CD8+T lymphocytes. Based on these data, we conclude that ODN2006 and ODN M362 exerted a strong adjuvant effect through induction of the initial innate immune response through TLR9 upregulation followed by enhanced MamA specific CTL dependent adaptive immune responses. Our current data provide evidence for the application of Class-B/-C-CpG-ODNs as potential vaccine adjuvants towards enhancing the success of MamA based breast cancer vaccination.
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Lopes A, Vandermeulen G, Préat V. Cancer DNA vaccines: current preclinical and clinical developments and future perspectives. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:146. [PMID: 30953535 PMCID: PMC6449928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate the immune system against cancer. In the past, several clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines demonstrated a good safety profile and the activation of a broad and specific immune response. However, these vaccines often demonstrated only modest therapeutic effects in clinical trials due to the immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumor. To enhance the vaccine-induced immune response and the treatment efficacy, DNA vaccines could be improved by using two different strategies. The first is to increase their immunogenicity by selecting and optimizing the best antigen(s) to be inserted into the plasmid DNA. The second strategy is to combine DNA vaccines with other complementary therapies that could improve their activity by attenuating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or by increasing the activity/number of immune cells. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies are adopting these two strategies to better exploit the potential of DNA vaccination. In this review, we analyze the last 5-year preclinical studies and 10-year clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines for cancer therapy. We also investigate the strategies that are being developed to overcome the limitations in cancer DNA vaccination, revisiting the rationale for different combinations of therapy and the different possibilities in antigen choice. Finally, we highlight the most promising developments and critical points that need to be addressed to move towards the approval of therapeutic cancer DNA vaccines as part of the standard of cancer care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lopes
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ayoub NM, Al-Shami KM, Yaghan RJ. Immunotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer: recent advances and combination therapeutic approaches. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:53-69. [PMID: 30697064 PMCID: PMC6340364 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has evolved dramatically with improved understanding of immune microenvironment and immunosurveillance. The immunogenicity of breast cancer is rather heterogeneous. Specific subtypes of breast cancer such as estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, human EGF receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have shown evidence of immunogenicity based on tumor–immune interactions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have explored the potential for immunotherapy to improve the clinical outcomes for different subtypes of breast cancer. This review describes the immune microenvironment of HER2-positive breast cancer and summarizes recent clinical advances of immunotherapeutic treatments in this breast cancer subtype. The review provides rationale and ongoing clinical evidence to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and adoptive T cell immunotherapy in breast cancer. In addition, the present paper describes the most relevant clinical progress of strategies for the combination of immunotherapy with standard treatment modalities in HER2-positive breast cancer including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Kamal M Al-Shami
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rami J Yaghan
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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40
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Kim AR, Park J, Kim JH, Kwak JE, Cho Y, Lee H, Jeong M, Park SH, Shin EC. Herpes Zoster DNA Vaccines with IL-7 and IL-33 Molecular Adjuvants Elicit Protective T Cell Immunity. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e38. [PMID: 30402333 PMCID: PMC6215899 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from the sensory ganglia when VZV-specific T-cell immunity is decreased because of aging or immunosuppression. In the present study, we developed HZ DNA vaccine candidates encoding VZV proteins and cytokine adjuvants, such as IL-7 and IL-33. We immunized C57BL/6 mice with DNA plasmids encoding VZV glycoprotein E (gE), immediate early (IE) 63, or IE62 proteins and found that robust VZV protein-specific T-cell responses were elicited by HZ DNA vaccination. Co-administration of DNA plasmids encoding IL-7 or IL-33 in HZ DNA vaccination significantly enhanced the magnitude of VZV protein-specific T-cell responses. Protective immunity elicited by HZ DNA vaccination was proven by challenge experiments with a surrogate virus, vaccinia virus expressing gE (VV-gE). A single dose of HZ DNA vaccine strongly boosted gE-specific T-cell responses in mice with a history of previous infection by VV-gE. Thus, HZ DNA vaccines with IL-7 and IL-33 adjuvants strongly elicit protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Junsik Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwak
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youngran Cho
- Research Center, GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Research Center, GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Korea
| | - Moonsup Jeong
- Research Center, GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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41
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Next Generation Cancer Vaccines-Make It Personal! Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030052. [PMID: 30096953 PMCID: PMC6161279 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic success in cancer immunotherapy has been achieved over the last decade with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, leading to response rates higher than with chemotherapy in certain cancer types. These responses are often restricted to cancers that have a high mutational burden and show pre-existing T-cell infiltrates. Despite extensive efforts, therapeutic vaccines have been mostly unsuccessful in the clinic. With the introduction of next generation sequencing, the identification of individual mutations is possible, enabling the production of personalized cancer vaccines. Combining immune check point inhibitors to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment and personalized cancer vaccines for directing the host immune system against the chosen antigens might be a promising treatment strategy.
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42
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Hu Y, Liu P, Wu D, Jiang Y. Prognostic role of plasma mammaglobin A expression in breast carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3245-3255. [PMID: 29881297 PMCID: PMC5985781 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammaglobin A expression in peripheral blood (PB) of breast carcinoma patients has been evaluated by various studies, but the findings have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the prognostic value of mammaglobin A in the PB of breast carcinoma patients and define its relationships with clinicopathological features. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for eligible studies through September 26, 2017. A total of 20 studies involving 2,323 patients were analyzed, and the data were independently extracted by two researchers. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI was used to assess the association between survival data and plasma mammaglobin A expression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to assess the associations between clinicopathological parameters and plasma mammaglobin A expression. The results indicated that plasma mammaglobin A expression was a predictor of poor prognosis for breast carcinoma patients, with an HR of 2.08 (95% CI=1.48–2.91; P<0.0001) for overall survival. Moreover, plasma mammaglobin A was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.00; 95% CI=1.17–3.45; P=0.01) and advanced tumor stage (OR=3.01; 95% CI=1.57–5.77; P=0.0009) in breast carcinoma patients. However, the results revealed that plasma mammaglobin A was not significantly associated with tumor size (OR=1.29; 95% CI=0.46–3.66; P=0.63), tumor differentiation (OR=0.99; 95% CI=0.63–1.57; P=0.97), menopausal status (OR=0.75; 95% CI=0.48–1.18; P=0.22), estrogen receptor status (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.44–1.36; P=0.38), progesterone receptor status (OR=0.76; 95% CI=0.57–1.02; P=0.07), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (OR=1.12; 95% CI=0.78–1.59; P=0.54). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that positive plasma mammaglobin A expression might serve as a biomarker of poor prognosis for breast carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Babaer D, Amara S, Ivy M, Zhao Y, Lammers PE, Titze JM, Tiriveedhi V. High salt induces P-glycoprotein mediated treatment resistance in breast cancer cells through store operated calcium influx. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25193-25205. [PMID: 29861863 PMCID: PMC5982760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that high salt (Δ0.05 M NaCl) induced inflammatory response and cancer cell proliferation through salt inducible kinase-3 (SIK3) upregulation. As calcium influx is known to effect inflammatory response and drug resistance, we examined the impact of high salt on calcium influx in breast cancer cells. Treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with high salt induced an enhanced intracellular calcium intensity, which was significantly decreased by store operated calcium entry (SOCE) inhibitor co-treatment. Further, high salt induced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated paclitaxel drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Murine tumor studies demonstrated that injection of MCF-7 cells cultured in high salt, exerted higher tumorigenicity compared to the basal cultured counterpart. Knock down of SIK3 by specific shRNA inhibited tumorigenicty, expression of SOCE regulators and P-gp activity, suggesting SIK3 is an upstream mediator of SOCE induced calcium influx. Furthermore, small molecule inhibitor, prostratin, exerted anti-tumor effect in murine models through SIK3 inhibition. Taken together, we conclude that SIK3 is an upstream regulator of store operated calcium entry proteins, Orai1 and STIM1, and mediates high salt induced inflammatory cytokine responses and P-gp mediated drug resistance. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors, such as prostratin, could offer novel anti-cancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Babaer
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suneetha Amara
- 2 Department of Medicine, St Thomas-Midtown Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Ivy
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip E. Lammers
- 4 Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens M. Titze
- 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,5 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA,6 Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Parvizpour S, Razmara J, Omidi Y. Breast cancer vaccination comes to age: impacts of bioinformatics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:223-235. [PMID: 30211082 PMCID: PMC6128970 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2018.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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Introduction: Breast cancer, as one of the major causes of cancer death among women, is the central focus of this study. The recent advances in the development and application of computational tools and bioinformatics in the field of immunotherapy of malignancies such as breast cancer have emerged the new dominion of immunoinformatics, and therefore, next generation of immunomedicines .
Methods: Having reviewed the most recent works on the applications of computational tools, we provide comprehensive insights into the breast cancer incidence and its leading causes as well as immunotherapy approaches and the future trends. Furthermore, we discuss the impacts of bioinformatics on different stages of vaccine design for the breast cancer, which can be used to produce much more efficient vaccines through a rationalized time- and cost-effective in silico approaches prior to conducting costly experiments.
Results: The tools can be significantly used for designing the immune system-modulating drugs and vaccines based on in silico approaches prior to in vitro and in vivo experimental evaluations. Application of immunoinformatics in the cancer immunotherapy has shown its success in the pre-clinical models. This success returns back to the impacts of several powerful computational approaches developed during the last decade.
Conclusion: Despite the invention of a number of vaccines for the cancer immunotherapy, more computational and clinical trials are required to design much more efficient vaccines against various malignancies, including breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Parvizpour
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Razmara
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of mathematical Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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45
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Li X, Bu X. Progress in Vaccine Therapies for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:315-330. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Alotaibi D, Amara S, Johnson TL, Tiriveedhi V. Potential anticancer effect of prostratin through SIK3 inhibition. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3252-3258. [PMID: 29435066 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostratin, a phorbol ester natural plant compound, has been demonstrated to exert an anti-retroviral effect through activation of latent cluster of differentiation (CD)4+T lymphocytes and inhibition of viral entry into the cell through downregulation of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. However, the potential effect of prostratin on cancer is yet to be defined. As CXCR4 is well known to induce cancer migration, it was hypothesized that prostratin induces an anti-cancer effect through inhibition of CXCR4 expression. The authors previously demonstrated that high stimulating conditions (sub-minimal IL-17, 0.1 ng/ml, synergized with high salt, Δ0.05 M NaCl) promote breast cancer cell proliferation and CXCR4 expression through upregulation of salt-inducible kinase (SIK)-3. The present study demonstrated that prostratin selectively exerted increased cytotoxicity (IC50 of 7 µM) when breast cancer cells were cultured in high stimulating conditions, compared with regular basal culture conditions (IC50 of 35 µM). Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential of prostratin was increased seven-fold in the four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-20 and AU-565) compared with the non-malignant MCF10A breast epithelial cell line. This suggested that prostratin specifically targets cancer cells over normal cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that prostratin inhibited CXCR4 expression in breast cancer cells through downregulation of SIK3 expression. Overall, the data suggest that prostratin is a novel drug target for the pro-oncogenic factor SIK3. These studies could form a basis for further research to evaluate the anticancer effect of prostratin in a combinatorial chemotherapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Alotaibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Suneetha Amara
- Department of Medicine, St Thomas-Midtown, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Terrance L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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47
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Platelet microparticle-mediated transfer of miR-939 to epithelial ovarian cancer cells promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97464-97475. [PMID: 29228624 PMCID: PMC5722576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients frequently suffer from thrombocytosis, which leads to a poor prognosis. However, the mechanism underlying platelet regulation of biological behavior in EOC remains unclear. The associations between clinicopathological characteristics and thrombocytosis in 171 EOC patients were studied, preoperative thrombocytosis was significantly associated with the stage, metastasis scope, level of preoperative CA125 and overall survival. When SKOV3 cells were cocultured with platelet microparticles (PMPs), the expression of molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was increased. The proliferation and migration of SKOV3 cells were also enhanced. Based on the miRNA microarray of the PMPs derived between thrombin-stimulating and apoptotic platelets, we demonstrated that over-expression or complete knockdown of miR-939 in the SKOV3 cells strengthened or weakened EMT. Secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIa) has been shown to mediate PMPs intake by SKOV3 cells. The knockdown of sPLA2-IIa in SKOV3 cells verified that PMPs were involved in crosstalk during the regulation of cancer cells by transferring miRNA. This study revealed an important role for PMPs in the crosstalk of platelets and cancer cells through miR-939 shedding mediated by sPLA2-IIa, which enables EOC to undergo EMT and enhances cancer progression. Our findings pave the way for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for EOC targets such as PMPs, miR-939 or sPLA2-IIa.
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48
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Breast cancer vaccines delivered by dendritic cell-targeted lentivectors induce potent antitumor immune responses and protect mice from mammary tumor growth. Vaccine 2017; 35:5842-5849. [PMID: 28916248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer immunotherapy is a potent treatment option, with antibody therapies such as trastuzumab increasing 2-year survival rates by 50%. However, active immunotherapy through vaccination has generally been clinically ineffective. One potential means of improving vaccine therapy is by delivering breast cancer antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) for enhanced antigen presentation. To accomplish this in vivo, we pseudotyped lentiviral vector (LV) vaccines with a modified Sindbis Virus glycoprotein so that they could deliver genes encoding the breast cancer antigen alpha-lactalbumin (Lalba) or erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2 or HER2) directly to resident DCs. We hypothesized that utilizing these DC-targeting lentiviral vectors asa breast cancer vaccine could lead to an improved immune response against self-antigens found in breast cancer tumors. Indeed, single injections of the vaccine vectors were able to amplify antigen-specific CD8T cells 4-6-fold over naïve mice, similar to the best published vaccine regimens. Immunization of these mice completely inhibited tumor growth in a foreign antigen environment (LV-ERBB2 in wildtype mice), and it reduced the rate of tumor growth in a self-antigen environment (LV-Lalba in wildtype or LV-ERBB2 in MMTV-huHER2 transgenic). These results show that a single injection with targeted lentiviral vectors can be an effective immunotherapy for breast cancer. Furthermore, they could be combined with other immunotherapeutic regimens to improve outcomes for patients with breast cancer.
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49
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Jia H, Truica CI, Wang B, Wang Y, Ren X, Harvey HA, Song J, Yang JM. Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: Existing challenges and exciting prospects. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 32:1-15. [PMID: 29145974 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with breast tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, nor Her-2/neu are hence termed "triple negatives", and generally have a poor prognosis, with high rates of systemic recurrence and refractoriness to conventional therapy regardless of the choice of adjuvant treatment. Thus, more effective therapeutic options are sorely needed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which occurs in approximately 20% of diagnosed breast cancers. In recent years, exploiting intrinsic mechanisms of the host immune system to eradicate cancer cells has achieved impressive success, and the advances in immunotherapy have yielded potential new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this devastating subtype of breast cancer. It is anticipated that the responses initiated by immunotherapeutic interventions will explicitly target and annihilate tumor cells, while at the same time spare normal cells. Various immunotherapeutic approaches have been already developed and tested, which include the blockade of immune checkpoints using neutralizing or blocking antibodies, induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), adoptive cell transfer-based therapy, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment to enhance the activity of CTLs. One of the most important areas of breast cancer research today is understanding the immune features and profiles of TNBC and devising novel immune-modulatory strategies to tackling TNBC, a subtype of breast cancer notorious for its poor prognosis and its imperviousness to conventional treatments. On the optimal side, one can anticipate that novel, effective, and personalized immunotherapy for TNBC will soon achieve more success and impact clinical treatment of this disease which afflicts approximately 20% of patients with breast cancer. In the present review, we highlight the current progress and encouraging developments in cancer immunotherapy, with a goal to discuss the challenges and to provide future perspectives on how to exploit a variety of new immunotherapeutic approaches including checkpoint inhibitors and neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China.
| | - Cristina I Truica
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Harold A Harvey
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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50
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Amara S, Majors C, Roy B, Hill S, Rose KL, Myles EL, Tiriveedhi V. Critical role of SIK3 in mediating high salt and IL-17 synergy leading to breast cancer cell proliferation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180097. [PMID: 28658303 PMCID: PMC5489190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a well-known precursor for cancer development and proliferation. We have recently demonstrated that high salt (NaCl) synergizes with sub-effective interleukin (IL)-17 to induce breast cancer cell proliferation. However, the exact molecular mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. In our current study, we adopted a phosphoproteomic-based approach to identify salt modulated kinase-proteome specific molecular targets. The phosphoprotemics based binary comparison between heavy labelled MCF-7 cells treated with high salt (Δ0.05 M NaCl) and light labelled MCF-7 cells cultured under basal conditions demonstrated an enhanced phosphorylation of Serine-493 of SIK3 protein. The mRNA transcript and protein expression analysis of SIK3 in MCF-7 cells demonstrated a synergistic enhancement following co-treatment with high salt and sub-effective IL-17 (0.1 ng/mL), as compared to either treatments alone. A similar increase in SIK3 expression was observed in other breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, BT20, and AU565, while non-malignant breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, did not induce SIK3 expression under similar conditions. Biochemical studies revealed mTORC2 acted as upstream mediator of SIK3 phosphorylation. Importantly, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated SIK3 induced G0/G1-phase release mediated cell proliferation, while SIK3 silencing abolished this effect. Also, SIK3 induced pro-inflammatory arginine metabolism, as evidenced by upregulation of the enzymes iNOS and ASS-1, along with downregulation of anti-inflammatory enzymes, arginase-1 and ornithine decarboxylase. Furthermore, gelatin zymography analysis has demonstrated that SIK3 induced expression of tumor metastatic CXCR4 through MMP-9 activation. Taken together, our data suggests a critical role of SIK3 in mediating three important hallmarks of cancer namely, cell proliferation, inflammation and metastasis. These studies provide a mechanistic basis for the future utilization of SIK3 as a key drug discovery target to improve breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneetha Amara
- Department of Medicine, St Thomas-Midtown, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ciera Majors
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Salisha Hill
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elbert L Myles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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