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Hong Y, Yang J, Liu X, Huang S, Liang T, Bai X. Deciphering extracellular vesicles protein cargo in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189142. [PMID: 38914240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a significant therapeutic challenge as it is frequently diagnosed at advanced inoperable stages. Therefore, the development of a reliable screening tool for PDAC is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), characterized by their cup-shaped lipid bilayer structure and ubiquitous release from various cell types, offer notable advantages as an emerging liquid biopsy technique that is rapid, minimally invasive, easily sampled, and cost-effective. While EVs play a substantial role in cancer progression, EV proteins serve as direct mediators of diverse cellular behaviors and have immense potential as biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis and prognostication. This review provides an overview of EV proteins regarding PDAC diagnosis and prognostic implications as well as disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Umashankar B, Eliasson L, Ooi CY, Kim KW, Shaw JAM, Waters SA. Beyond insulin: Unraveling the complex interplay of ER stress, oxidative damage, and CFTR modulation in CFRD. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38897882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is a prevalent comorbidity in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates. This review article critically evaluates the current understanding of CFRD molecular mechanisms, including the role of CFTR protein, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) and intracellular communication. CFRD manifests from a complex interplay between exocrine pancreatic damage and intrinsic endocrine dysfunction, further complicated by the deleterious effects of misfolded CFTR protein on insulin secretion and action. Studies indicate that ER stress and subsequent UPR activation play critical roles in both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cell dysfunction, contributing to β-cell loss and insulin insufficiency. Additionally, oxidative stress and altered calcium flux, exacerbated by CFTR dysfunction, impair β-cell survival and function, highlighting the significance of antioxidant pathways in CFRD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating inflammatory and stress responses, offering novel insights into CFRD's molecular landscape. Despite insulin therapy remaining the cornerstone of CFRD management, the variability in response to CFTR modulators underscores the need for personalized treatment approaches. The review advocates for further research into non-CFTR therapeutic targets, emphasizing the need to address the multifaceted pathophysiology of CFRD. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying CFRD will pave the way for innovative treatments, moving beyond insulin therapy to target the disease's root causes and improve the quality of life for individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Umashankar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Virology and Serology Division (SaViD), New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - James A M Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Salg GA, Steinle V, Labode J, Wagner W, Studier-Fischer A, Reiser J, Farjallah E, Guettlein M, Albers J, Hilgenfeld T, Giese NA, Stiller W, Nickel F, Loos M, Michalski CW, Kauczor HU, Hackert T, Dullin C, Mayer P, Kenngott HG. Multiscale and multimodal imaging for three-dimensional vascular and histomorphological organ structure analysis of the pancreas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10136. [PMID: 38698049 PMCID: PMC11065985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine pancreas are interconnected anatomically and functionally, with vasculature facilitating bidirectional communication. Our understanding of this network remains limited, largely due to two-dimensional histology and missing combination with three-dimensional imaging. In this study, a multiscale 3D-imaging process was used to analyze a porcine pancreas. Clinical computed tomography, digital volume tomography, micro-computed tomography and Synchrotron-based propagation-based imaging were applied consecutively. Fields of view correlated inversely with attainable resolution from a whole organism level down to capillary structures with a voxel edge length of 2.0 µm. Segmented vascular networks from 3D-imaging data were correlated with tissue sections stained by immunohistochemistry and revealed highly vascularized regions to be intra-islet capillaries of islets of Langerhans. Generated 3D-datasets allowed for three-dimensional qualitative and quantitative organ and vessel structure analysis. Beyond this study, the method shows potential for application across a wide range of patho-morphology analyses and might possibly provide microstructural blueprints for biotissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alexander Salg
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Verena Steinle
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Labode
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willi Wagner
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Studier-Fischer
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Reiser
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elyes Farjallah
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Guettlein
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Albers
- Hamburg Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Stiller
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Nickel
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Loos
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Michalski
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Goetz Kenngott
- Clinic for General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Hu F, Yu Y, Xu H. How does exosome cause diabetes? Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00525-2. [PMID: 38233729 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are widely distributed in multiple cell types and circulating body fluids. They have a specific effect on the target cells by releasing different vesicle contents. They have recently been recognized as important means of intercellular communication, being involved, for example, in the development of diabetes by increasing β-cell apoptosis, activating autoimmunity, and regulating cytokines to affect islet β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. An in-depth study of the role of exosome in the pathogenesis of diabetes may therefore provide a novel means of diagnosing and treating diabetes. In this review, we detail how exosome is involved in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, China
| | - Yicong Yu
- Zhejiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 999, South Second Ring Road, Hushan Street, Cixi, Ningbo, 315300, China.
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Wu BU, Chen Q, Moon BH, Lustigova E, Nielsen EG, Alvarado M, Ahmed SA. Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With a Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Individuals Based on Genetic and Family History. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00650. [PMID: 37800692 PMCID: PMC10810597 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screening for pancreatic cancer (PC) is suggested for high-risk individuals. Additional risk factors may enhance early detection in this population. METHODS Retrospective cohort study among patients with germline variants and/or familial pancreatic cancer in an integrated healthcare system between 2003 and 2019. We calculated the incidence rate (IR) by risk category and performed a nested case-control study to evaluate the relationship between HbA1C and PC within 3 years before diagnosis (cases) or match date (controls). Cases were matched 1:4 by age, sex, and timing of HbA1c. Logistic regression was performed to assess an independent association with PC. RESULTS We identified 5,931 high-risk individuals: 1,175(19.8%) familial PC, 45(0.8%) high-risk germline variants ( STK11, CDKN2A ), 4,097(69.1%) had other germline variants ( ATM, BRCA 1, BRCA 2, CASR, CDKN2A, CFTR, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, PRSS1, STK11, and TP53 ), and 614(10.4%) had both germline variants and family history. Sixty-eight patients (1.1%) developed PC; 50% were metastatic at diagnosis. High-risk variant was associated with greatest risk of PC, IR = 85.1(95% confidence interval: 36.7-197.6)/10,000 person-years; other germline variants and first-degree relative had IR = 33 (18.4, 59.3), whereas IR among ≥2 first-degree relative alone was 10.7 (6.1, 18.8). HbA1c was significantly higher among cases vs controls (median = 7.0% vs 6.4%, P = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, every 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with 36% increase in odds of PC (odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.72). Pancreatitis was independently associated with a risk of PC (odds ratio 3.93, 95% confidence limit 1.19, 12.91). DISCUSSION Risk of PC varies among high-risk individuals. HbA1c and history of pancreatitis may be useful additional markers for early detection in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechien U. Wu
- Center for Pancreatic Care, Division of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Becky H. Moon
- Center for Pancreatic Care, Division of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Eva Lustigova
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Erin G. Nielsen
- Department of Genetics, Southern California Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Monica Alvarado
- Department of Genetics, Southern California Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Syed A. Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center, Riverside, California, USA
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Stosic K, Senar OA, Tarfouss J, Bouchart C, Navez J, Van Laethem JL, Arsenijevic T. A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Role of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 38201207 PMCID: PMC10778087 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignant diseases, with a mortality rate being close to incidence. Due to its heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the lack of distinct symptoms in the early phases, it is very often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Traditional tissue biopsies remain the gold standard for making a diagnosis, but have an obvious disadvantage in their inapplicability for frequent sampling. Blood-based biopsies represent a non-invasive method which potentially offers easy and repeated sampling, leading to the early detection and real-time monitoring of the disease and hopefully an accurate prognosis. Given the urgent need for a reliable biomarker that can estimate a patient's condition and response to an assigned treatment, blood-based biopsies are emerging as a potential new tool for improving patients' survival and surveillance. In this article, we discuss the current advances and challenges in using liquid biopsies for pancreatic cancer, focusing on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and compare the performance and reliability of different biomarkers and combinations of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Stosic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Oier Azurmendi Senar
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Jawad Tarfouss
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Christelle Bouchart
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Navez
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Hu WP, Lai YF, Vu CA, Tsao CW, Pan SC, Cheng CM, Chen WY. Paper/PMMA hybrid device with a microvalve-controlled design for exosome isolation and analysis. Talanta 2023; 265:124851. [PMID: 37354627 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a paper/PMMA hybrid device designed to isolate exosomes and extract exosomal miRNA, followed by quantitative analysis. It aims to provide simplified and convenient sample preparation for potential point-of-care testing (POCT) processes. In contrast to previous work conducted by our research team, which focused on isolating exosomes and exosomal nucleic acids, this study introduces a novel approach by integrating paper and a PMMA mold with a microvalve controlled design. This innovative method enables the entire process to be performed on paper. The pressure on the paper could be adjusted by turning the screw upon the valve to change the pore size and permeability of the paper, which achieved the effect of controlling the flow rate of fluids. The paper was designed to have an immunoaffinity area for capturing exosomes and a sol-gel silica coating area for extracting miRNA. The paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) exhibited a limit of detection and a limit of quantitation of 6 × 107 and 5.4 × 108 particles/mL, respectively, for exosome measurement. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that the Ct (threshold cycle) value for quantifying the miR-21 in the miRNAs extracted by the proposed paper/PMMA hybrid device was comparable to the Ct value of the commercial extraction kit. The developed paper/PMMA hybrid device with a microvalve-controlled design should be incorporated into the POCT system to extract exosomal miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cao-An Vu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chen Pan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan.
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Ye L, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Lei B. Exosomes-regulated lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:27-39. [PMID: 37291031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Targeting the processes of lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, lipid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis, is an optimal strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Beyond cell-cell membrane surface interaction, exosomes are pivotal factors that transduce intercellular signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most research focuses on the role of lipid metabolism in regulating exosome biogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The mechanisms of exosome and ECM-mediated reprogramming of lipid metabolism are currently unclear. We summarize several mechanisms associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer, including transport of exosomal carriers and membrane receptors, activation of the PI3K pathway, ECM ligand-receptor interactions, and mechanical stimulation. This review aims to highlight the significance of these intercellular factors in TME and to deepen the understanding of the functions of exosomes and ECM in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiguang Ye
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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Anastasi F, Botto A, Immordino B, Giovannetti E, McDonnell LA. Proteomics analysis of circulating small extracellular vesicles: Focus on the contribution of EVs to tumor metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:3-19. [PMID: 37652834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The term small extracellular vesicle (sEV) is a comprehensive term that includes any type of cell-derived, membrane-delimited particle that has a diameter < 200 nm, and which includes exosomes and smaller microvesicles. sEVs transfer bioactive molecules between cells and are crucial for cellular homeostasis and particularly during tumor development, where sEVs provide important contributions to the formation of the premetastic niche and to their altered metabolism. sEVs are thus legitimate targets for intervention and have also gained increasing interest as an easily accessible source of biomarkers because they can be rapidly isolated from serum/plasma and their molecular cargo provides information on their cell-of origin. To target sEVs that are specific for a given cell/disease it is essential to identify EV surface proteins that are characteristic of that cell/disease. Mass-spectrometry based proteomics is widely used for the identification and quantification of sEV proteins. The methods used for isolating the sEVs, preparing the sEV sample for proteomics analysis, and mass spectrometry analysis, can have a strong influence on the results and requires careful consideration. This review provides an overview of the approaches used for sEV proteomics and discusses the inherent compromises regarding EV purity versus depth of coverage. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of the methods to unravel the involvement of sEVs in regulating the metabolism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The metabolic reprogramming in PDAC includes enhanced glycolysis, elevated glutamine metabolism, alterations in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, all of which are crucial in promoting tumor cell growth. A thorough understanding of these metabolic adaptations is imperative for the development of targeted therapies to exploit PDAC's vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Anastasi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asia Botto
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benoit Immordino
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
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Kim YG, Park J, Park EY, Kim SM, Lee SY. Analysis of MicroRNA Signature Differentially Expressed in Pancreatic Islet Cells Treated with Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14301. [PMID: 37762604 PMCID: PMC10532014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the majority of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) develop insulin resistance and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) prior to PC diagnosis, PC-induced diabetes mellitus (PC-DM) has been a focus for a potential platform for PC detection. In previous studies, the PC-derived exosomes were shown to contain the mediators of PC-DM. In the present study, the response of normal pancreatic islet cells to the PC-derived exosomes was investigated to determine the potential biomarkers for PC-DM, and consequently, for PC. Specifically, changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression were evaluated. The miRNA specimens were prepared from the untreated islet cells as well as the islet cells treated with the PC-derived exosomes (from 50 patients) and the healthy-derived exosomes (from 50 individuals). The specimens were subjected to next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to determine the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) only in the specimens treated with the PC-derived exosomes. Consequently, 24 candidate miRNA markers, including IRS1-modulating miRNAs such as hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-3148, and hsa-miR-3133, were proposed. The proposed miRNAs showed relevance to DM and/or insulin resistance in a literature review and pathway analysis, indicating a potential association with PC-DM. Due to the novel approach used in this study, additional evidence from future studies could corroborate the value of the miRNA markers discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-gon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jisook Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Eun Young Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jensen MH, Cichosz SL, Hejlesen O, Henriksen SD, Drewes AM, Olesen SS. Risk of pancreatic cancer in people with new-onset diabetes: A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Pancreatology 2023; 23:642-649. [PMID: 37422338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New onset diabetes (NOD) in people 50 years or older may indicate underlying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The cumulative incidence of PDAC among people with NOD remains uncertain on a population-based level. METHODS This was a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study based on the Danish national health registries. We investigated the 3-year cumulative incidence of PDAC in people 50 years or older with NOD. We further characterised people with pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD) in relation to demographic and clinical characteristics, including trajectories of routine biochemical parameters, using people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a comparator group. RESULTS During a 21-year observation period, we identified 353,970 people with NOD. Among them, 2105 people were subsequently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer within 3 years (0.59%, 95% CI [0.57-0.62%]). People with PCRD were older than people with T2D at diabetes diagnosis (median age 70.9 vs. 66.0 years (P < 0.001) and had a higher burden of comorbidities (P = 0.007) and more prescriptions of medications used to treat cardiovascular diseases (all P < 0.001). Distinct trajectories of HbA1c and plasma triglycerides were observed in PCRD vs. T2D, with group differences observed for up to three years prior to NOD diagnosis for HbA1c and up to two years for plasma triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS The 3-year cumulative incidence of PDAC is approximately 0.6% among people 50 years or older with NOD in a nationwide population-based setting. Compared to T2D, people with PCRD are characterised by distinct demographic and clinical profiles, including distinctive trajectories of plasma HbA1c and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hasselstrøm Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Lebech Cichosz
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Hejlesen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Dam Henriksen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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12
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Muse O, Patell R, Peters CG, Yang M, El-Darzi E, Schulman S, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Russo L, Zwicker JI, Flaumenhaft R. The unfolded protein response links ER stress to cancer-associated thrombosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170148. [PMID: 37651191 PMCID: PMC10629814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a common complication of advanced cancer, yet the cellular mechanisms linking malignancy to thrombosis are poorly understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ER stress response associated with advanced cancers. A proteomic evaluation of plasma from patients with gastric and non-small cell lung cancer who were monitored prospectively for venous thromboembolism demonstrated increased levels of UPR-related markers in plasma of patients who developed clots compared with those who did not. Release of procoagulant activity into supernatants of gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer cells was enhanced by UPR induction and blocked by antagonists of the UPR receptors inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Release of extracellular vesicles bearing tissue factor (EVTFs) from pancreatic cancer cells was inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRE1α/XBP1 or PERK pathways. Induction of UPR did not increase tissue factor (TF) synthesis, but rather stimulated localization of TF to the cell surface. UPR-induced TF delivery to EVTFs was inhibited by ADP-ribosylation factor 1 knockdown or GBF1 antagonism, verifying the role of vesicular trafficking. Our findings show that UPR activation resulted in increased vesicular trafficking leading to release of prothrombotic EVTFs, thus providing a mechanistic link between ER stress and cancer-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi Muse
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rushad Patell
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian G. Peters
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emale El-Darzi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sol Schulman
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Falanga
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jeffrey I. Zwicker
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Mahgoub EO, Abdella GM. Improved exosome isolation methods from non-small lung cancer cells (NC1975) and their characterization using morphological and surface protein biomarker methods. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7505-7514. [PMID: 36964779 PMCID: PMC10374817 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
This study has demonstrated improved methods for isolating exosomes from non-small lung cancer cells, which address the problems characterized by exosome morphological and chemical methods. To improve the isolation methods, cells from the NCI 1975 cell line were used as the source for exosomes. The isolation processes were carried out using serial isolation techniques in addition to specific preservation tools. The isolated exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was added for further assurance of the investigation results. The statistical analysis results showed that the size distributions of apoptotic vesicles (APV) 450 nm and necrotic bodies (NCB) 280 nm (extracellular vesicles) were significantly different from exosomes (P < 0.001). In contrast, the exosome size distribution was not significantly different from the published exosome sizes, as demonstrated by statistical analysis tools. This study confirmed the improved methods for isolating exosomes that make exosomes accessible for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham O Mahgoub
- Science and Engineering Department, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Galal M Abdella
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Brodeur A, Migneault F, Lanoie M, Beillevaire D, Turgeon J, Karakeussian-Rimbaud A, Thibodeau N, Boilard É, Dieudé M, Hébert MJ. Apoptotic exosome-like vesicles transfer specific and functional mRNAs to endothelial cells by phosphatidylserine-dependent macropinocytosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:449. [PMID: 37474514 PMCID: PMC10359336 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of endothelial cells prompts the release of apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExos), subtype extracellular vesicles secreted by apoptotic cells after caspase-3 activation. ApoExos are different from both apoptotic bodies and classical exosomes in their protein and nucleic acid contents and functions. In contrast to classical apoptotic bodies, ApoExos induce immunogenic responses that can be maladaptive when not tightly regulated. In the present study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which ApoExos are internalized by endothelial cells, which leads to shared specific and functional mRNAs of importance to endothelial function. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we revealed that ApoExos were actively internalized by endothelial cells. SiRNA-induced inhibition of classical endocytosis pathways with pharmacological inhibitors showed that ApoExos were internalized via phosphatidylserine-dependent macropinocytosis independently of classical endocytosis pathways. An electron microscopy analysis revealed that ApoExos increased the macropinocytosis rate in endothelial cells, setting in motion a positive feedback loop that increased the amount of internalized ApoExos. Deep sequencing of total RNA revealed that ApoExos possessed a unique protein-coding RNA profile, with PCSK5 being the most abundant mRNA. Internalization of ApoExos by cells led to the transfer of this RNA content from the ApoExos to cells. Specifically, PCSK5 mRNA was transferred to cells that had taken up ApoExos, and these cells subsequently expressed PCSK5. Collectively, our findings suggest that macropinocytosis is an effective entry pathway for the delivery of RNAs carried by ApoExos and that these RNAs are functionally expressed by the endothelial cells that internalize them. As ApoExos express a specific mRNA signature, these results suggest new avenues to understand how ApoExos produced at sites of vascular injury impact vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Brodeur
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Migneault
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
| | - Maude Lanoie
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Déborah Beillevaire
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
| | - Annie Karakeussian-Rimbaud
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Thibodeau
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program (CDTRP), Edmonton, AL, Canada.
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Bures J, Kohoutova D, Skrha J, Bunganic B, Ngo O, Suchanek S, Skrha P, Zavoral M. Diabetes Mellitus in Pancreatic Cancer: A Distinct Approach to Older Subjects with New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3669. [PMID: 37509329 PMCID: PMC10377806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a very poor prognosis, with near-identical incidence and mortality. According to the World Health Organization Globocan Database, the estimated number of new cases worldwide will rise by 70% between 2020 and 2040. There are no effective screening methods available so far, even for high-risk individuals. The prognosis of PDAC, even at its early stages, is still mostly unsatisfactory. Impaired glucose metabolism is present in about 3/4 of PDAC cases. METHODS Available literature on pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus was reviewed using a PubMed database. Data from a national oncology registry (on PDAC) and information from a registry of healthcare providers (on diabetes mellitus and a number of abdominal ultrasound investigations) were obtained. RESULTS New-onset diabetes mellitus in subjects older than 60 years should be an incentive for a prompt and detailed investigation to exclude PDAC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus associated with chronic non-malignant diseases of the exocrine pancreas, and PDAC-associated type 3c diabetes mellitus are the most frequent types. Proper differentiation of particular types of new-onset diabetes mellitus is a starting point for a population-based program. An algorithm for subsequent steps of the workup was proposed. CONCLUSIONS The structured, well-differentiated, and elaborately designed approach to the elderly with a new onset of diabetes mellitus could improve the current situation in diagnostics and subsequent poor outcomes of therapy of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bures
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Kohoutova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jan Skrha
- Third Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohus Bunganic
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Ngo
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Suchanek
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skrha
- Department of Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Zavoral
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Binang HB, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Role of Pancreatic Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Cargo in Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10203. [PMID: 37373351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common and deadly types of pancreatic cancer (PC) is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with most patients succumbing to the disease within one year of diagnosis. Current detection strategies do not address asymptomatic PC; therefore, patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when curative treatment is often no longer possible. In order to detect PC in asymptomatic patients earlier, the risk factors that could serve as reliable markers need to be examined. Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for this malignancy and can be both a cause and consequence of PC. Typically, DM caused by PC is known as new-onset, pancreatogenic, pancreoprivic, or pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD). Although PCRD is quite distinct from type 2 DM (T2DM), there are currently no biomarkers that differentiate PCRD from T2DM. To identify such biomarkers, a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating PCRD is essential. To this end, there has been a growing research interest in recent years to elucidate the role of tumour-derived exosomes and their cargo in the pathogenesis of PCRD. Exosomes derived from tumours can be recognized for their specificity because they reflect the characteristics of their parent cells and are important in intercellular communication. Their cargo consists of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can be transferred to and alter the behaviour of recipient cells. This review provides a concise overview of current knowledge regarding tumour-derived exosomes and their cargo in PCRD and discusses the potential areas worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Binang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
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17
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Wei J, Wang Z, Han T, Chen J, Ou Y, Wei L, Zhu X, Wang K, Yan Z, Han YP, Zheng X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170237. [PMID: 37305058 PMCID: PMC10248434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion of β-cells and insulin action in peripheral insulin target tissues, maintaining glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions, and it's also involved in pathological changes including autoimmune response, insulin resistance and β-cell failure associated with DM. In addition, EVs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents that respectively reflect the status and improve function and viability of pancreatic islets. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, discuss EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet under physiological and diabetic conditions, and summarize the emerging applications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan communication of pancreatic islets will broaden and enrich our knowledge of physiological homeostasis maintenance as well as the development, diagnosis and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingrui Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaoting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Kacar AK, Aylar D, Kazdal F, Bahadori F. BuOH fraction of Salix Babylonica L. extract increases pancreatic beta-cell tumor death at lower doses without harming their function. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105609. [PMID: 37164183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salix babylonica L. is a species of the willow tree. Insulinoma is a tumor originating from pancreatic beta cells. This study aims to research the effect of different fractions of Salix babylonica L. leaf extract on INS-1 cells for treating pancreatic tumors. Cell death occurred at lower doses in the EtOAc fraction. The cells are functional in the BuOH fraction but not in EtOAc and H2O fractions. The EtOAc fraction has a higher percentage of necrosis and ROS. INS1, INS2, and AKT gene expressions in the H2O fraction, GLUT2, IR, HSP70 gene expressions, and WNT4 protein levels increased in the BuOH fraction. HSP90 gene expression, Beta-actin, GAPDH, insulin, HSP70, HSP90, HSF1, Beta-Catenin, and WNT7A protein levels were decreased, while IR immunolabelling intensity increased in both fractions. Ca+2, K+, Na+, and CA-19-9 in the cell, Ca+2 and K+ in secretion increased. The secondary metabolites in the EtOAc fraction cause more damage in INS-1 cells. Since the water fraction also causes the cells to die in high doses, cell function is damaged. The secondary metabolites in the BuOH fraction kill INS-1 cells with less damage. This makes the BuOH fraction of Salix babylonica L. more valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Aylar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fatma Kazdal
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatemeh Bahadori
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Balaban DV, Coman L, Balaban M, Zoican A, Pușcașu DA, Ayatollahi S, Mihălțeanu E, Costache RS, Ioniță-Radu F, Jinga M. Glycemic Abnormalities in Pancreatic Cystic Lesions—A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2023; 14:191-203. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/gastroent14020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Glucose metabolism alterations are very common in solid pancreatic lesions, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Similarly, diabetes and especially new-onset diabetes (NOD) have been associated with the malignant transformation of pancreatic cysts. We aimed to assess the prevalence and relevant associations of glycemic abnormalities in pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) in a retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively recruited all patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound for a PCL over a period of 36 months (January 2018 to December 2021). Final diagnosis was set by means of tissue acquisition, surgery, follow-up, or board decision. Demographic and clinical data, laboratory workup, and imaging features were extracted from the patients’ charts according to a predefined protocol. We considered fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c values and stratified the patients as nondiabetic (FBG ≤ 99 mg/dL, HbA1c ≤ 5.6%, no history of glycemic abnormalities), prediabetic (FBG 100–125 mg/dL, HbA1c 5.7–6.4%), or diabetic (long-lasting diabetes or NOD). Results: Altogether, 81 patients were included, with a median age of 66 years, and 54.3% of them were male. The overall prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia was 54.3%, comprising 34.6% prediabetes and 22.2% diabetes, of which 16.7% had NOD. The mean FBG and HbA1c levels were higher in malignant and premalignant PCLs (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), cystadenocarcinoma, and cystic neuroendocrine tumor) compared to the benign lesions (pseudocysts, walled-off necrosis, and serous cystadenoma): 117.0 mg/dL vs. 108.3 mg/dL and 6.1% vs. 5.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia and diabetes are common in PCLs, with a high prevalence in premalignant and malignant cysts. Screening and follow-up for glycemic abnormalities should be routinely conducted for PCLs, as they can contribute to a tailored risk assessment of cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vasile Balaban
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Coman
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Balaban
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Zoican
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Danusia Adriana Pușcașu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simin Ayatollahi
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuela Mihălțeanu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ioniță-Radu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Petrosyan E, Fares J, Fernandez LG, Yeeravalli R, Dmello C, Duffy JT, Zhang P, Lee-Chang C, Miska J, Ahmed AU, Sonabend AM, Balyasnikova IV, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Brain Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:389-396. [PMID: 36652630 PMCID: PMC10159901 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful strategy for halting cancer progression. However, primary malignancies affecting the brain have been exempt to this success. Indeed, brain tumors continue to portend severe morbidity and remain a globally lethal disease. Extensive efforts have been directed at understanding how tumor cells survive and propagate within the unique microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). Cancer genetic aberrations and metabolic abnormalities provoke a state of persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that in turn promotes tumor growth, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and the dynamic reprogramming of the infiltrating immune cells. Consequently, targeting ER stress is a potential therapeutic approach. In this work, we provide an overview of how ER stress response is advantageous to brain tumor development, discuss the significance of ER stress in governing antitumor immunity, and put forth therapeutic strategies of regulating ER stress to augment the effect of immunotherapy for primary CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Luis G. Fernandez
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
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21
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Xu R, Zheng T, Ouyang C, Ding X, Ge C. Causal associations between site-specific cancer and diabetes risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110523. [PMID: 36860363 PMCID: PMC9968794 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cancer and diabetes are complex chronic diseases that have high economic costs for society. The co-occurrence of these two diseases in people is already well known. The causal effects of diabetes on the development of several malignancies have been established, but the reverse causation of these two diseases (e.g., what type of cancer can cause T2D) has been less investigated. METHODS Multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, such as the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test, were performed to evaluate the causal association of overall and eight site-specific cancers with diabetes risk using genome-wide association study summary data from different consortia, such as Finngen and UK biobank. RESULTS A suggestive level of evidence was observed for the causal association between lymphoid leukaemia and diabetes by using the IVW method in MR analyses (P = 0.033), indicating that lymphoid leukaemia increased diabetes risk with an odds ratio of 1.008 (95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.014). Sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods showed consistent direction of the association compared with the IVW method. Overall and seven other site-specific cancers under investigation (i.e., multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancer of bladder, brain, stomach, lung, and pancreas) were not causally associated with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS The causal relationship between lymphoid leukaemia and diabetes risk points to the necessity of diabetes prevention amongst leukaemia survivors as a strategy for ameliorating the associated disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xu, ; Chenjin Ge,
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Basic Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chenjin Ge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Xu, ; Chenjin Ge,
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22
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Tsuchiya T, Saisho Y, Inaishi J, Sasaki H, Sato M, Nishikawa M, Masugi Y, Yamada T, Itoh H. Increased alpha cell to beta cell ratio in patients with pancreatic cancer. Endocr J 2022; 69:1407-1414. [PMID: 35934795 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with worsening of glucose tolerance. However, there is limited information about the effects of PC on islet morphology. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes in alpha and beta cell mass in patients with PC. We enrolled 30 autopsy cases with death due to PC (9 with diabetes; DM) and 31 age- and BMI-matched autopsy cases without PC (controls, 12 with DM). Tumor-free pancreatic sections were stained for insulin and glucagon, and fractional beta cell (BCA) and alpha cell area (ACA) were quantified. In addition, expression of de-differentiation markers, i.e., ALDH1A3 and UCN3, was qualitatively evaluated. The pancreas of subjects with PC showed atrophic and fibrotic changes. There was no significant difference in BCA in subjects with PC compared to controls (1.53 ± 1.26% vs. 0.95 ± 0.42%, p = 0.07). However, ACA and ACA to BCA ratio were significantly higher in subjects with PC compared to controls (2.48 ± 2.39% vs. 0.53 ± 0.26% and 1.94 ± 1.93 vs. 0.59 ± 0.26, respectively, both p < 0.001). Increased ACA to BCA ratio was observed in subjects with PC irrespective of the presence of DM. Qualitative evaluation of ALDH1A3 and UCN3 expression showed no significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, in subjects with PC, alpha to beta cell mass ratio is increased, which may contribute to the increased risk of worsening glucose metabolism. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of increased alpha to beta cell mass in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Tsuchiya
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Saisho Diabetes Clinic, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Jun Inaishi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Midori Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Nishikawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 50-100 nm secreted by various cells. They are generated through complex intracellular production mechanisms before being secreted to the extracellular environment. Due to their inclusion of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication. Pancreatic β-cells play an irreplaceable role in the body's glucose metabolism. Their dysfunction is one of the causes of diabetes. Exosomes of various cells regulate the function of β-cells by regulating autoimmunity, delivering non-coding RNAs, or directly regulating intracellular signal pathways. This communication between β-cells and other cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetes, and has potential for clinical application. This paper reviews the biological sources and functions of exosomes, as well as intercellular crosstalk between β-cells and other cells that is involved in β-cell failure and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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24
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Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with New-Onset Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194684. [PMID: 36230607 PMCID: PMC9563634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Patients with new-onset diabetes (NOD) are at risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the most relevant additional risk factors and clinical characteristics are not well established. (2) Objectives: To compare the risk for PDAC in NOD patients to persons without diabetes. Identify risk factors of PDAC among NOD patients. (3) Methods: Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar were last searched in June 2022 for observational studies on NOD patients and assessing risk factors for developing PDAC. Data were extracted, and Meta-Analysis was performed. Pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with DerSimonian & Laird random effects models. (4) Findings: Twenty-two studies were included, and 576,210 patients with NOD contributed to the analysis, of which 3560 had PDAC. PDAC cases were older than controls by 6.14 years (CI 3.64–8.65, 11 studies). The highest risk of PDAC involved a family history of PDAC (3.78, CI 2.03–7.05, 4 studies), pancreatitis (5.66, CI 2.75–11.66, 9 studies), cholecystitis (2.5, CI 1.4–4.45, 4 studies), weight loss (2.49, CI 1.47–4.22, 4 studies), and high/rapidly increasing glycemia (2.33, CI 1.85–2.95, 4 studies) leading to more insulin use (4.91, CI 1.62–14.86, 5 studies). Smoking (ES 1.20, CI 1.03–1.41, 9 studies) and alcohol (ES 1.23, CI 1.09–1.38, 9 studies) have a smaller effect. (5) Conclusion: Important risk factors for PDAC among NOD patients are age, family history, and gallstones/pancreatitis. Symptoms are weight loss and rapid increase in glycemia. The identified risk factors could be used to develop a diagnostic model to screen NOD patients.
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25
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Mellenthin C, Balaban VD, Dugic A, Cullati S. Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with New-Onset Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4684. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Patients with new-onset diabetes (NOD) are at risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the most relevant additional risk factors and clinical characteristics are not well established. (2) Objectives: To compare the risk for PDAC in NOD patients to persons without diabetes. Identify risk factors of PDAC among NOD patients. (3) Methods: Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar were last searched in June 2022 for observational studies on NOD patients and assessing risk factors for developing PDAC. Data were extracted, and Meta-Analysis was performed. Pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with DerSimonian & Laird random effects models. (4) Findings: Twenty-two studies were included, and 576,210 patients with NOD contributed to the analysis, of which 3560 had PDAC. PDAC cases were older than controls by 6.14 years (CI 3.64–8.65, 11 studies). The highest risk of PDAC involved a family history of PDAC (3.78, CI 2.03–7.05, 4 studies), pancreatitis (5.66, CI 2.75–11.66, 9 studies), cholecystitis (2.5, CI 1.4–4.45, 4 studies), weight loss (2.49, CI 1.47–4.22, 4 studies), and high/rapidly increasing glycemia (2.33, CI 1.85–2.95, 4 studies) leading to more insulin use (4.91, CI 1.62–14.86, 5 studies). Smoking (ES 1.20, CI 1.03–1.41, 9 studies) and alcohol (ES 1.23, CI 1.09–1.38, 9 studies) have a smaller effect. (5) Conclusion: Important risk factors for PDAC among NOD patients are age, family history, and gallstones/pancreatitis. Symptoms are weight loss and rapid increase in glycemia. The identified risk factors could be used to develop a diagnostic model to screen NOD patients.
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26
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Ye J, Liu X. Interactions between endoplasmic reticulum stress and extracellular vesicles in multiple diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955419. [PMID: 36032078 PMCID: PMC9402983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses can severely perturb endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. As a protein-folding factory and dynamic calcium storage compartment, the ER plays a pivotal role in resisting pathogens and in the development of autoimmune diseases and various other diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, orthopedic, and liver-related diseases, metabolic disorders, etc. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in these conditions, suggesting that cells carry out some physiological functions through EVs. The formation of EVs is dependent on the ER. ER stress, as a state of protein imbalance, is both a cause and consequence of disease. ER stress promotes the transmission of pathological messages to EVs, which are delivered to target cells and lead to disease development. Moreover, EVs can transmit pathological messages to healthy cells, causing ER stress. This paper reviews the biological functions of EVs in disease, as well as the mechanisms underlying interactions between ER stress and EVs in multiple diseases. In addition, the prospects of these interactions for disease treatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Ye
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu,
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. Studies have implicated EVs in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, angiogenesis, and mediating the interaction of tumor cells and microenvironment. A systematic characterization of EVs from pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) would be valuable for studying the roles of EV proteins in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS Proteomic and functional analyses were applied to characterize the proteomes of EVs released from 5 pancreatic cancer lines, 2 CAF cell lines, and a normal pancreatic epithelial cell line (HPDE). RESULTS More than 1400 nonredundant proteins were identified in each EV derived from the cell lines. The majority of the proteins identified in the EVs from the cancer cells, CAFs, and HPDE were detected in all 3 groups, highly enriched in the biological processes of vesicle-mediated transport and exocytosis. Protein networks relevant to pancreatic tumorigenesis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, complement, and coagulation components, were significantly enriched in the EVs from cancer cells or CAFs. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the roles of EVs as a potential mediator in transmitting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals and complement response in the tumor microenvironment and possibly contributing to coagulation defects related to cancer development.
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28
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Aguirre RS, Kulkarni A, Becker MW, Lei X, Sarkar S, Ramanadham S, Phelps EA, Nakayasu ES, Sims EK, Mirmira RG. Extracellular vesicles in β cell biology: Role of lipids in vesicle biogenesis, cargo, and intercellular signaling. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101545. [PMID: 35817393 PMCID: PMC9294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves an intricate interplay between β cells of the pancreatic islet, other islet cells, and cells of the immune system. Direct intercellular communication within the islet occurs via cell surface proteins and indirect intercellular communication has traditionally been seen as occurring via secreted proteins (e.g., endocrine hormones and cytokines). However, recent literature suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by β cells constitute an additional and biologically important mechanism for transmitting signals to within the islet. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the general mechanisms of EV formation, with a particular focus on how lipids and lipid signaling pathways influence their formation and cargo. We review the implications of EV release from β cells for T1D pathogenesis, how EVs and their cargo might be leveraged as biomarkers of this process, and how EVs might be engineered as a therapeutic candidate to counter T1D outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Islet β cells have been viewed as initiators and propagators of the cellular circuit giving rise to autoimmunity in T1D. In this context, emerging literature suggests that EVs may represent a conduit for communication that holds more comprehensive messaging about the β cells from which they arise. As the field of EV biology advances, it opens the possibility that intervening with EV formation and cargo loading could be a novel disease-modifying approach in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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29
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Wei W, Zhang Y, Song Q, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu Z, Xu X, Xu Y, Yan Y, Zhao C, Yang J. Transmissible ER stress between macrophages and tumor cells configures tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:403. [PMID: 35799071 PMCID: PMC11073001 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is decisive for tumor cell growth and tumor microenvironment (TME) maintenance. Tumor cells persistently undergo ER stress and could transmit it to the neighboring macrophages and surroundings. Tumor infiltrating macrophages can also adapt to the microenvironment variations to fulfill their highly energy-demanding and biological functions via ER stress. However, whether the different macrophage populations differentially sense ER stress and transmit ER stress to surrounding tumor cells has not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of transmissible ER stress, a novel regulator of intercellular communication in the TME. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) can be polarized toward distinct functional endpoints termed classical (M1) and alternative (M2) activation, and their polarization status has been shown to be tightly correlated with their functional significance. We showed that tumor cells could receive the transmissible ER stress from two differentially polarized macrophage populations with different extent of ER stress activation. The proinflammatory M1-like macrophages respond to ER stress with less extent, however they could transmit more ER stress to tumor cells. Moreover, by analyzing the secreted components of two ER-stressed macrophage populations, we identified certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including S100A8 and S100A9, which are dominantly secreted by M1-like macrophages could lead to significant recipient tumor cells death in synergy with transferred ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Zhu X, Liu D, Li G, Zhi M, Sun J, Qi L, Li J, Pandol SJ, Li L. Exosomal miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p from TGF-β1-treated pancreatic stellate cells target BCL2 mRNA to increase β-cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111653. [PMID: 35513284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with chronic pancreatitis (CP) normally develop a fibrotic pancreas with reduced β-cell mass. Limited studies have focused on the development and pathogenesis of CP-related diabetes. MiRNAs packaged as exosomes are the key regulators of β-cell dysfunction. This study aimed to define the effect of exosomal miRNA from activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) on β-cells. METHODS Exosomes in the supernatants of mouse PSCs lines were extracted via ultracentrifugation and then identified. The role of exosomes secreted by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated PSCs in β-cell function was assessed. MiRNAs were prepared from exosomes extracted from TGF-β1-treated and untreated PSCs (T-Exo or C-Exo), and the miRNA expression profiles were compared by microarray. Then, miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p were overexpressed or inhibited in MIN6 cells and islets to determine their molecular and functional effects. RESULTS Exosomes were the predominant extracellular vesicles secreted by PSCs into the culture medium. The MIN6 cells incubated with T-Exo had less insulin secretion and lower viability than the MIN6 cells incubated with PBS or C-Exo. MiR-140-3p and miR-143-3p were notably upregulated in T-Exo. Enhancing the expression of miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p in β-cells decreased the cell count and viability and increased the cleaved caspase-3 levels. Mechanistically, T-Exo mediated the intercellular transfer of miR-140-3p and miR-143-3p by targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 gene in recipient β-cells to induce cell death. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal miRNA transfer as a communication mode between PSCs and β-cells, which may be explored for its therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Cao M, Isaac R, Yan W, Ruan X, Jiang L, Wan Y, Wang J, Wang E, Caron C, Neben S, Drygin D, Pizzo DP, Wu X, Liu X, Chin AR, Fong MY, Gao Z, Guo K, Fadare O, Schwab RB, Yuan Y, Yost SE, Mortimer J, Zhong W, Ying W, Bui JD, Sears DD, Olefsky JM, Wang SE. Cancer-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles suppress insulin secretion through miR-122 to impair systemic glucose homeostasis and contribute to tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:954-967. [PMID: 35637408 PMCID: PMC9233030 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between breast cancer (BC) and systemic dysregulation of glucose metabolism. However, how BC influences glucose homeostasis remains unknown. We show that BC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suppress pancreatic insulin secretion to impair glucose homeostasis. EV-encapsulated miR-122 targets PKM in β-cells to suppress glycolysis and ATP-dependent insulin exocytosis. Mice receiving high-miR-122 EVs or bearing BC tumours exhibit suppressed insulin secretion, enhanced endogenous glucose production, impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperglycaemia. These effects contribute to tumour growth and are abolished by inhibiting EV secretion or miR-122, restoring PKM in β-cells or supplementing insulin. Compared with non-cancer controls, patients with BC have higher levels of circulating EV-encapsulated miR-122 and fasting glucose concentrations but lower fasting insulin; miR-122 levels are positively associated with glucose and negatively associated with insulin. Therefore, EV-mediated impairment of whole-body glycaemic control may contribute to tumour progression and incidence of type 2 diabetes in some patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Roi Isaac
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Yuhao Wan
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Christine Caron
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Steven Neben
- Regulus Therapeutics Inc.; San Diego, CA 92121; USA
| | - Denis Drygin
- Regulus Therapeutics Inc.; San Diego, CA 92121; USA
| | - Donald P. Pizzo
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Andrew R. Chin
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Miranda Y. Fong
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Kaizhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research; City of Hope; Duarte, CA 91010; USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA 92521; USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jack D. Bui
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- College of Health Solutions; Arizona State University; Phoenix, AZ 85004; USA
- Department of Family Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Jerrold M. Olefsky
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
- Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; USA
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Shah I, Sawhney MS. Reply. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1779-1780. [PMID: 35032501 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandeep S Sawhney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ciochina M, Balaban DV, Manucu G, Jinga M, Gheorghe C. The Impact of Pancreatic Exocrine Diseases on the β-Cell and Glucose Metabolism-A Review with Currently Available Evidence. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050618. [PMID: 35625546 PMCID: PMC9139037 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunctions often come together in the course of pancreatic diseases as interdependent manifestations of the same organ. However, the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional connection of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas are not fully understood. In this review, we aimed to synthetize the current knowledge regarding the effects of several exocrine pancreatic pathologies on the homeostasis of β-cells, with a special interest in the predisposition toward diabetes mellitus (DM). We focused on the following pancreatic exocrine diseases: chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic resections, and autoimmune pancreatitis. We discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the impact on β-cell function and evolution into DM, as well as the associated risk factors in progression to DM, and we describe the most relevant and statistically significant findings in the literature. An early and correct diagnosis of DM in the setting of pancreatic exocrine disorders is of paramount importance for anticipating the disease's course and its therapeutical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciochina
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.V.B.); (M.J.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Vasile Balaban
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.V.B.); (M.J.); (C.G.)
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - George Manucu
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.V.B.); (M.J.); (C.G.)
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Gheorghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.V.B.); (M.J.); (C.G.)
- Gastroenterology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Ginini L, Billan S, Fridman E, Gil Z. Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091375. [PMID: 35563681 PMCID: PMC9101098 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, and carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins that are necessary for cell-to-cell communication via interaction on the cells surface. They initiate intracellular signaling pathways or the transference of cargo molecules, which elicit pleiotropic responses in recipient cells in physiological processes, as well as pathological processes, such as cancer. It is therefore important to understand the molecular means by which EVs are taken up into cells. Accordingly, this review summarizes the underlying mechanisms involved in EV targeting and uptake. The primary method of entry by EVs appears to be endocytosis, where clathrin-mediated, caveolae-dependent, macropinocytotic, phagocytotic, and lipid raft-mediated uptake have been variously described as being prevalent. EV uptake mechanisms may depend on proteins and lipids found on the surfaces of both vesicles and target cells. As EVs have been shown to contribute to cancer growth and progression, further exploration and targeting of the gateways utilized by EVs to internalize into tumor cells may assist in the prevention or deceleration of cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ginini
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Salem Billan
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Medical Oncology and Radiation Therapy Program, Oncology Section, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya Street 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Eran Fridman
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Ziv Gil
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-854-2480
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Bao J, Liu D, Sun J, Su X, Cheng H, Qi L, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Ye Z, Yu X, Wei Q, Qiu Y, Su J, Li L. Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced β-cell secretory capacity, rather than insulin resistance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109223. [PMID: 35149166 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The early distinction of pancreatic cancer associated diabetes (PaCDM) in patients with elderly diabetes is critical. However, PaCDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain indistinguishable. We aim to address the differences between the pancreatic and gut endocrine hormones of patients with PaCDM and T2DM. METHODS A total of 44 participants underwent mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Fasting and postprandial concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) were measured. Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices were calculated. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Insulin and C-peptide responses to MMTT were blunted in PaCDM patients compared with T2DM. Baseline concentrations and AUCs differed. PaCDM patients showed lower insulin secretion capacity but better insulin sensitivity than T2DM patients. The peak concentration and AUC of PP in T2DM group were higher than healthy controls, but in accordance with PaCDM. PaCDM patients presented lower baseline GLP-1 concentration than T2DM patients. No between-group differences were found for glucagon and GIP. CONCLUSIONS PaCDM patients had a lower baseline and postprandial insulin and C-peptide secretion than T2DM patients. Reduced insulin secretion and improved peripheral sensitivity were found in PaCDM patients compared with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xianghui Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Changji Branch, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 831100, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqi Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuebing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhou Jintan District People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Changzhou Jintan District People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Li R, Huang Y, Liao N, Wu C, Li Y. Oral cancer cells affect pancreatic β-cell function through transmissible endoplasmic reticulum stress. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2022; 40:22-31. [PMID: 38596989 PMCID: PMC8905273 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate whether oral cancer cells affect pancreatic β-cells function through transmissible endoplasmic reticulum stress (TERS). METHODS Tunicamycin (TM) was selected as the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inducer. The human oral cancer cell lines CAl-27 and SCC-25 were selected as the donor cells, and mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cell lines were chosen as the recipient cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis were used to detect ERS markers and insulin expression. The TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was applied to detect apoptosis levels. The clone formation method was utilized to detect cell proliferation capability. The secretory function of pancreatic β-cells was detected with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit. RESULTS The MIN6 cells were subjected to TM stimulation. qPCR and WB analysis revealed that ERS markers were upregulated. This result implied that the MIN6 cells can induce ERS. The supernatant of oral cancer cells under ERS was added to the MIN6 cells. qPCR and WB analysis showed that the oral cancer cells that had been subjected to ERS could induce ERS in the MIN6 cells, that is, the phenomenon of TERS occurred. The TUNEL assay indicated that the apoptosis of the MIN6 cells increased under TERS. The clone formation assay demonstrated that the proliferation capability of the MIN6 cells decreased under TERS. qPCR and WB analysis revealed that under TERS, insulin synthesis by the MIN6 cells decreased and insulin synthesis was inhibited at the translation level. The ELISA and BCA kits demonstrated that insulin secretion by the MIN6 cells was reduced under TERS. CONCLUSIONS Oral cancer cells can affect pancreatic β-cells through TERS, resulting in increased apoptosis, decreased viability, and reduced insulin secretion and synthesis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingzhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nailin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Evans RM, Wei Z. Interorgan crosstalk in pancreatic islet function and pathology. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:607-619. [PMID: 35014695 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose, a process that is regulated at multiple levels, including a network of input signals from other organ systems. Impaired islet function contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and targeting inter-organ communications, such as GLP-1 signalling, to enhance β-cell function has been proven to be a successful therapeutic strategy in the last decade. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in inter-organ communication from the metabolic, immune and neural system to pancreatic islets, their biological implication in normal pancreas endocrine function and their role in the (mal)adaptive responses of islet to nutrition-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Elucidating the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225669. [PMID: 34830825 PMCID: PMC8616095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The chance of surviving more than 5 years after initial diagnosis is less than 10%. This is due to a lack of early diagnostics, where often at the time of initial detection the tumour has already spread to different parts of the body and has developed a propensity to develop drug resistance. Therefore, to tackle this devastating disease, it is necessary to identify the key players responsible for driving pancreatic cancer. Numerous studies have found that small bubble-like packages shed by cancer cells, called extracellular vesicles, play an important role in the progression of the disease. Our knowledge on how extracellular vesicles aid in the progression, spread and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer is the focus of this review. Of note, these extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer and could represent drug targets or drug delivery agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This dismal survival rate can be attributed to several factors including insufficient diagnostics, rapid metastasis and chemoresistance. To identify new treatment options for improved patient outcomes, it is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are critical players in pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance. In addition, extracellular vesicles also have the potential to serve as promising biomarkers, therapeutic targets and drug delivery tools for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we aim to summarise the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, metabolic dysfunction and chemoresistance, and discuss their potential roles as biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Chang CH, Pauklin S. Extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer progression and therapies. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:973. [PMID: 34671031 PMCID: PMC8528925 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to delayed diagnosis and limited treatments. More than 90% of all pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Extensive communication between tumour cells and other cell types in the tumour microenvironment have been identified which regulate cancer hallmarks during pancreatic tumorigenesis via secretory factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EV-capsuled factors not only facilitate tumour growth locally, but also enter circulation and reach distant organs to construct a pre-metastatic niche. In this review, we delineate the key factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma derived EVs that mediate different tumour processes. Also, we highlight the factors that are related to the crosstalk with cancer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells (CSC/CIC), the subpopulation of cancer cells that can efficiently metastasize and resist currently used chemotherapies. Lastly, we discuss the potential of EV-capsuled factors in early diagnosis and antitumour therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, OX3 7LD, Oxford, UK
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, OX3 7LD, Oxford, UK.
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Perera CJ, Falasca M, Chari ST, Greenfield JR, Xu Z, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Role of Pancreatic Stellate Cell-Derived Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes: A Novel Hypothesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205224. [PMID: 34680372 PMCID: PMC8534084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating condition characterised by vague symptomatology and delayed diagnosis. About 30% of PDAC patients report a history of new onset diabetes, usually diagnosed within 3 years prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Thus, new onset diabetes, which is also known as pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD), could be a harbinger of PDAC. Diabetes is driven by progressive β cell loss/dysfunction and insulin resistance, two key features that are also found in PCRD. Experimental studies suggest that PDAC cell-derived exosomes carry factors that are detrimental to β cell function and insulin sensitivity. However, the role of stromal cells, particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), in the pathogenesis of PCRD is not known. PSCs are present around the earliest neoplastic lesions and around islets. Given that PSCs interact closely with cancer cells to drive cancer progression, it is possible that exosomal cargo from both cancer cells and PSCs plays a role in modulating β cell function and peripheral insulin resistance. Identification of such mediators may help elucidate the mechanisms of PCRD and aid early detection of PDAC. This paper discusses the concept of a novel role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of PCRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamini J. Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (C.J.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
| | - Suresh T. Chari
- M.D Anderson Cancer Centre, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas, Houston, TX 75083, USA;
| | - Jerry R. Greenfield
- St Vincent Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Healthy Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2830, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst 3065, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (C.J.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Romano C. Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (C.J.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Jeremy S. Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (C.J.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V. Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; (C.J.P.); (Z.X.); (R.C.P.); (J.S.W.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-87389029
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41
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Lananna BV, Imai S. Friends and foes: Extracellular vesicles in aging and rejuvenation. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:787-801. [PMID: 34632314 PMCID: PMC8493967 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many different cell types throughout the body and play a role in a diverse range of biological processes. EVs circulating in blood as well as in other body fluids undergo dramatic alterations over an organism's lifespan that are only beginning to be elucidated. The exact nature of these changes is an area of active and intense investigation, but lacks clear consensus due to the substantial heterogeneity in EV subpopulations and insufficiencies in current technologies. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that EVs regulate systemic aging as well as the pathophysiology of age-related diseases. Here, we review the current literature investigating EVs and aging with an emphasis on consequences for the maintenance of human healthspan. Intriguingly, the biological utility of EVs both in vitro and in vivo and across contexts depends on the states of the source cells or tissues. As such, EVs secreted by cells in an aged or pathological state may impose detrimental consequences on recipient cells, while EVs secreted by youthful or healthy cells may promote functional improvement. Thus, it is critical to understand both functions of EVs and tip the balance toward their beneficial effects as an antiaging intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V. Lananna
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Shin‐ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of GerontologyLaboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and InnovationKobeJapan
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42
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Pang W, Yao W, Dai X, Zhang A, Hou L, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang X, Meng X, Li L. Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomal microRNA-19a induces β-cell dysfunction by targeting ADCY1 and EPAC2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3622-3633. [PMID: 34512170 PMCID: PMC8416731 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New-onset diabetes mellitus has a rough correlation with pancreatic cancer (PaC), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the exosomal microRNAs and their potential role in PaC-induced β-cell dysfunction. The pancreatic β cells were treated with isolated exosomes from PaC cell lines, SW1990 and BxPC-3, before measuring the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), validating that SW1990 and BxPC-3 might disrupt GSIS of both β cell line MIN6 and primary mouse pancreatic islets. The difference in expression profiles between exosomes and exosome-free medium of PaC cell lines was further defined, revealing that miR-19a secreted by PaC cells might be an important signaling molecule in this process. Furthermore, adenylyl cyclase 1 (Adcy1) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2) were verified as the direct targets of exogenous miR-19a, which was involved in insulin secretion. These results indicated that exosomes might be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of PaC-DM, and miR-19a might be the effector molecule. The findings shed light on the pathogenesis of PaC-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aisen Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gerontology, Jiangsu People's Hospital affiliating to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lidan Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Javeed N, Her TK, Brown MR, Vanderboom P, Rakshit K, Egan AM, Vella A, Lanza I, Matveyenko AV. Pro-inflammatory β cell small extracellular vesicles induce β cell failure through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109613. [PMID: 34433033 PMCID: PMC8420815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated communication among pancreatic islet cells is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In diabetes, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to perturb β cell communication and function. Compelling evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating physiological and pathological responses to β cell stress. We report that pro-inflammatory β cell small EVs (cytokine-exposed EVs [cytoEVs]) induce β cell dysfunction, promote a pro-inflammatory islet transcriptome, and enhance recruitment of CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Proteomic analysis of cytoEVs shows enrichment of the chemokine CXCL10, with surface topological analysis depicting CXCL10 as membrane bound on cytoEVs to facilitate direct binding to CXCR3 receptors on the surface of β cells. CXCR3 receptor inhibition reduced CXCL10-cytoEV binding and attenuated β cell dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte recruitment to islets. This work implies a significant role of pro-inflammatory β cell-derived small EVs in modulating β cell function, global gene expression, and antigen presentation through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tracy K Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patrick Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aoife M Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Roy A, Sahoo J, Kamalanathan S, Naik D, Mohan P, Kalayarasan R. Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: Exploring the two-way traffic. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4939-4962. [PMID: 34497428 PMCID: PMC8384733 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is often associated with a poor prognosis. Long-standing diabetes mellitus is considered as an important risk factor for its development. This risk can be modified by the use of certain antidiabetic medications. On the other hand, new-onset diabetes can signal towards an underlying PC in the elderly population. Recently, several attempts have been made to develop an effective clinical tool for PC screening using a combination of history of new-onset diabetes and several other clinical and biochemical markers. On the contrary, diabetes affects the survival after treatment for PC. We describe this intimate and complex two-way relationship of diabetes and PC in this review by exploring the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Pazhanivel Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
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Abstract
The major problems with cancer therapy are drug-induced side effects. There is an urgent need for safe anti-tumor drugs. Artemisinin is a Chinese herbal remedy for malaria with efficacy and safety. However, several studies reported that artemisinin causes neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in animal models. Recently, nanostructured drug delivery systems have been designed to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity. Artemisinin has been reported to show anticancer properties. The anticancer effects of artemisinin appear to be mediated by inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting ferroptosis and autophagy, inhibiting cell metastasis. Therefore, the review is to concentrate on mechanisms and molecular targets of artemisinin as anti-tumor agents. We believe these will be important topics in realizing the potential of artemisinin and its derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Exosomal microRNA in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112777. [PMID: 34204940 PMCID: PMC8199777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States and over 90% of the patients suffer from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most lethal gastrointestinal malignancies and only 10% of the people survive more than 5 years, therefore, novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are an immediate necessity. Studies have demonstrated microRNAs in bodily fluids that are bound with membranes (exosomes) can act as stable biomarkers both for disease development and metastasis. The diagnostic, prognostic, as well as therapeutic roles of exosomal microRNAs in pancreatic cancer have been discussed in this review. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for more than 90% of pancreatic cancer cases. PDAC is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal malignancies with an overall five-year survival rate of ~10%. Developing effective therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer is a great challenge. Novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are an immediate necessity to increase the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. So far, studies have demonstrated microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive biomarkers because of their significant correlation with disease development and metastasis. The miRNAs have been shown to be more stable inside membrane-bound vesicles in the extracellular environment called exosomes. Varieties of miRNAs are released into the body fluids via exosomes depending on the normal physiological or pathological conditions of the body. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles of exosomal miRNAs in pancreatic cancer.
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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Dong X, Cao G, Li Y, Fan Y, Chen Q, Cai H, Wu Y. Exosomes Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Cells Induce Osteoclast Differentiation Through the miR125a-5p/TNFRSF1B Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2727-2739. [PMID: 33907416 PMCID: PMC8064725 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) was regarded as the 4th principal cause of cancer-related fatalities in the United States and patients usually suffered from severe nutrition deficiency, muscle wasting, as well as bone loss. In our previous research, we have found that PC-derived exosomes potentially initiate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. However, the role of exosomes in the PC-related bone loss remains unknown. Methods The effect of PC-derived exosomes on the osteoclast differentiation and femoral bone structure in the orthotopic xenograft mouse model were investigated. MiRNA expression profiles were detected and a dual luciferase experiment was conducted to identify the direct target of miRNA. Results Our data showed that PC-derived exosomes significantly induced osteoclast differentiation and increased expression of NFAT2, TRAP, CTSK and MMP-9. The bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness of femur significantly reduced in osteoporotic model. Microarray analyses and luciferase reporter assay showed that the process was, at least partially, mediated by the miR-125a-5p/TNFRSF1B signaling pathways. Conclusion According to the results, novel insights have been claimed the effect of exosomes derived from PC on bone deterioration and explained correlation between PC and cancer-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhou Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Fan
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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48
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Exosomes as Pleiotropic Players in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030275. [PMID: 33803470 PMCID: PMC8002012 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence is rising and due to late diagnosis, combined with unsatisfactory response to current therapeutic approaches, this tumor has an extremely high mortality rate. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pancreatic carcinogenesis is of paramount importance for rational diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Multiple lines of evidence have showed that exosomes are actively involved in intercellular communication by transferring their cargos of bioactive molecules to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment and systemically. Intriguingly, exosomes may exert both protumor and antitumor effects, supporting or hampering processes that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PC, including shifts in tumor metabolism, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. They also have a dual role in PC immunomodulation, exerting immunosuppressive or immune enhancement effects through several mechanisms. PC-derived exosomes also induce systemic metabolic alterations, leading to the onset of diabetes and weight loss. Moreover, exosomes have been described as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PC. Their potential application in PC therapy as drug carriers and therapeutic targets is under investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple roles played by exosomes in PC biology through their specific cargo biomolecules and of their potential exploitation in early diagnosis and treatment of PC.
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49
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Alpertunga I, Sadiq R, Pandya D, Lo T, Dulgher M, Evans S, Bennett B, Rennert N, Frank RC. Glycemic Control as an Early Prognostic Marker in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:571855. [PMID: 33718132 PMCID: PMC7947820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.571855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired glucose metabolism is present in most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Whereas previous studies have focused on pre-treatment glycemic indices and prognosis in those with concomitant diabetes, the effects of glycemic control during chemotherapy treatment on prognosis, in patients with and without diabetes, have not been well characterized. We examined the relationship between early glycemic control and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients with advanced PDAC treated in a community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients with advanced PDAC (38% with diabetes) receiving chemotherapy while participating in a biobanking clinical trial were included. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results during 1 year were obtained from the electronic medical record. Kaplan-Meier estimate, log-rank test and hazard ratios were computed to assess the effect of glycemic control on OS. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to ascertain the significance of glycemic control with other survival variables. RESULTS One thousand four hundred eighteen random blood glucose (RBG) values were analyzed. In accord with previous findings, a 50% decline in the serum tumor marker CA 19-9 at any time was predictive of survival (P=0.0002). In univariate analysis, an elevated pre-treatment average RBG, 3-month average RBG (RBG-3) and the FOLFIRINOX regimen were associated with longer survival. Based on ROC analysis (AUC=0.82), an RBG-3 of 120 mg/dl was determined to be the optimal cutoff to predict 12-month survival. In multivariate analysis that included age, stage, BMI, performance status, presence of diabetes, and chemotherapy regimen, only RBG-3 maintained significance: an RBG-3 ≤120 mg/dl predicted for improved OS compared to >120 mg/dl (19 vs. 9 months; HR=0.37, P=0.002). In contrast, an early decline in CA 19-9 could not predict OS. CONCLUSION Lower glucose levels during the first 3 months of treatment for advanced PDAC predict for improved OS in patients both with and without diabetes. These results suggest that RBG-3 may be a novel prognostic biomarker worthy of confirmation in a larger patient cohort and that studies exploring a possible cause and effect of this novel survival-linked relationship are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Alpertunga
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Rabail Sadiq
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Deep Pandya
- Rudy L. Ruggles Biomedical Research Institute, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT, United States
| | - Tammy Lo
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Maxim Dulgher
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Sarah Evans
- Department of Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT, United States
| | - Bridget Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Nancy Rennert
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
| | - Richard C. Frank
- Department of Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Nuvance Health, Norwalk, CT, United States
- Rudy L. Ruggles Biomedical Research Institute, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT, United States
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Synergistic Effects of Milk-Derived Exosomes and Galactose on α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031059. [PMID: 33494388 PMCID: PMC7865729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies associate milk consumption with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PD is an α-synucleinopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deficient lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein (α-syn) and aggregation of misfolded α-syn. In T2D, α-syn promotes co-aggregation with islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic β-cells. Prion-like vagal nerve-mediated propagation of exosomal α-syn from the gut to the brain and pancreatic islets apparently link both pathologies. Exosomes are critical transmitters of α-syn from cell to cell especially under conditions of compromised autophagy. This review provides translational evidence that milk exosomes (MEX) disturb α-syn homeostasis. MEX are taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate in the brain after oral administration to mice. The potential uptake of MEX miRNA-148a and miRNA-21 by enteroendocrine cells in the gut, dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and pancreatic β-cells may enhance miRNA-148a/DNMT1-dependent overexpression of α-syn and impair miRNA-148a/PPARGC1A- and miRNA-21/LAMP2A-dependent autophagy driving both diseases. MiRNA-148a- and galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress activate c-Abl-mediated aggregation of α-syn which is exported by exosome release. Via the vagal nerve and/or systemic exosomes, toxic α-syn may spread to dopaminergic neurons and pancreatic β-cells linking the pathogenesis of PD and T2D.
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