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Heath EI, Thakur A, Chen W, Hwang C, Paller CJ, Cackowski FC, Boerner JL, Heilbrun L, Smith MP, Schalk DL, Schienschang A, Whitaker SA, Polend A, Smith D, Vaishampayan UN, Dickow B, Lum LG. Race-Related Differences in Sipuleucel-T Response among Men with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1715-1725. [PMID: 38856749 PMCID: PMC11240276 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy that targets prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and is available for treatment of men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this single-arm, two-cohort, multicenter clinical study, potential racial differences in immune responses to sipuleucel-T in men with mCRPC were explored. Patients' blood samples were obtained to assess serum cytokines, humoral responses, and cellular immunity markers before and after treatment. Baseline cumulative product parameters (total nucleated and CD54+ cell counts and CD54 upregulation) were evaluated. IgM titers against the immunogen PA2024, the target antigen PAP, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were quantified by ELISA. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was determined by ELISpots, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations were determined by Luminex.Twenty-nine African American (AA) men and 28 non-African American (non-AA) men with mCRPC received sipuleucel-T. Baseline total nucleated cell count, CD54+ cell count, CD54 expression, and cumulative product parameters were higher in non-AA men. Although PSA baseline levels were higher in AA men, there were no racial differences in IgM antibody and IFNγ ELISpots responses against PA2024, PAP, PSA, and PSMA before and after treatment. Expression of co-stimulatory receptor ICOS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the levels of Th1 cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and chemokines CCL4 and CCL5, were significantly higher in AA men before and/or after treatment. Despite no difference in the overall survival, PSA changes from baseline were significantly different between the two races. The data suggest that immune correlates in blood differ in AA and non-AA men with mCRPC pre- and post-sipuleucel-T. SIGNIFICANCE Our novel findings of higher expression of co-stimulatory receptor ICOS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in African American patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) prior and post-sipuleucel-T suggest activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The data indicate that racial differences observed in these and other immune correlates before and after sipuleucel-T warrant additional investigation to further our understanding of the immune system in African American men and other men with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth I Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Channing J Paller
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Julie L Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lance Heilbrun
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Melanie P Smith
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amy Schienschang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sarah A Whitaker
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amanda Polend
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daryn Smith
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brenda Dickow
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Saeed MA, Peng B, Kim K, Rawat K, Kuehm LM, Siegel ZR, Borkowski A, Habib N, Van Tine B, Sheikh N, Tuyen V, Thorek DLJ, Fehniger TA, Pachynski RK. High-Dimensional Analyses Reveal IL15 Enhances Activation of Sipuleucel-T Lymphocyte Subsets and Reverses Immunoresistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:559-574. [PMID: 38407894 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is the only FDA-approved autologous cellular immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To elucidate parameters of the response profile to this therapy, we report high-dimensional analyses of sip-T using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and show a lymphoid predominance, with CD3+ T cells constituting the highest proportion (median ∼60%) of sip-T, followed by B cells, and natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. We hypothesized that treatment of sip-T with homeostatic cytokines known to activate/expand effector lymphocytes could augment efficacy against prostate tumors. Of the cytokines tested, IL15 was the most effective at enhancing activation and proliferation of effector lymphocytes, as well as augmenting tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. Co-culture of sip-T with IL15 and control or prostate-relevant antigens showed substantial activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells in an antigen-specific manner. Adoptive transfer of IL15-treated sip-T into NSG mice resulted in more potent prostate tumor growth inhibition compared with control sip-T. Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed a 2- to 14-fold higher influx of sip-T and a significant increase in IFNγ producing CD8+ T cells and NKT cells within the tumor microenvironment in the IL15 group. In conclusion, we put forward evidence that IL15 treatment can enhance the functional antitumor immunity of sip-T, providing rationale for combining IL15 or IL15 agonists with sip-T to treat patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Saeed
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lindsey M Kuehm
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Zoe R Siegel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Ariel Borkowski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Nabih Habib
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Vu Tuyen
- Dendreon Pharmaceuticals LLC, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Wang R, Min Q, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wang D, Gao Y, Wei L. GL-V9 inhibits the activation of AR-AKT-HK2 signaling networks and induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109246. [PMID: 38439974 PMCID: PMC10909900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a serious health concern for men due to its high incidence and mortality rate. The first therapy typically adopted is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, patient response to ADT varies, and 20-30% of PCa cases develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This article investigates the anti-PCa effect of a drug candidate named GL-V9 and highlights the significant mechanism involving the AKT-hexokinase II (HKII) pathway. In both androgen receptor (AR)-expressing 22RV1 cells and AR-negative PC3 cells, GL-V9 suppressed phosphorylated AKT and mitochondrial location of HKII. This led to glycolytic inhibition and mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, GL-V9 inhibited AR activity in 22RV1 cells and disrupted the feedback activation of AKT signaling in condition of AR inhibition. This disruption greatly increased the anti-PCa efficacy of the AR antagonist bicalutamide. In conclusion, we present a novel anti-PCa candidate and combination drug strategies to combat CRPC by intervening in the AR-AKT-HKII signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Min
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Dechao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experiment Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
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Yamasaki S, Shimizu K, Fujii SI. Tumor epitope spreading by a novel multivalent therapeutic cellular vaccine targeting cancer antigens to invariant NKT-triggered dendritic cells in situ. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345037. [PMID: 38361934 PMCID: PMC10867576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is categorized into two types based on the microenvironment: cold and hot tumors. The former is challenging to stimulate through immunity. The immunogenicity of cancer relies on the quality and quantity of cancer antigens, whether recognized by T cells or not. Successful cancer immunotherapy hinges on the cancer cell type, antigenicity and subsequent immune reactions. The T cell response is particularly crucial for secondary epitope spreading, although the factors affecting these mechanisms remain unknown. Prostate cancer often becomes resistant to standard therapy despite identifying several antigens, placing it among immunologically cold tumors. We aim to leverage prostate cancer antigens to investigate the potential induction of epitope spreading in cold tumors. This study specifically focuses on identifying factors involved in secondary epitope spreading based on artificial adjuvant vector cell (aAVC) therapy, a method established as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) -licensed DC therapy. Methods We concentrated on three prostate cancer antigens (prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)). By introducing allogeneic cells with the antigen and murine CD1d mRNA, followed by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) loading, we generated five types of aAVCs, i.e, monovalent, divalent and trivalent antigen-expressing aAVCs and four types of prostate antigen-expressing cold tumors. We evaluated iNKT activation and antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against tumor cells prompted by the aAVCs. Results Our study revealed that monovalent aAVCs, expressing a single prostate antigen, primed T cells for primary tumor antigens and also induced T cells targeting additional tumor antigens by triggering a tumor antigen-spreading response. When we investigated the immune response by trivalent aAVC (aAVC-PROS), aAVC-PROS therapy elicited multiple antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously. These CD8+ T cells exhibited both preventive and therapeutic effects against tumor progression. Conclusions The findings from this study highlight the promising role of tumor antigen-expressing aAVCs, in inducing efficient epitope spreading and generating robust immune responses against cancer. Our results also propose that multivalent antigen-expressing aAVCs present a promising therapeutic option and could be a more comprehensive therapy for treating cold tumors like prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- aAVC Drug Translational Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- aAVC Drug Translational Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama, Japan
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Sooi K, Walsh R, Kumarakulasinghe N, Wong A, Ngoi N. A review of strategies to overcome immune resistance in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:656-673. [PMID: 37842236 PMCID: PMC10571060 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become integral in cancer therapeutics over the past two decades and is now part of standard-of-care treatment in multiple cancer types. While various biomarkers and pathway alterations such as dMMR, CDK12, and AR-V7 have been identified in advanced prostate cancer to predict immunotherapy responsiveness, the vast majority of prostate cancer remain intrinsically immune-resistant, as evidenced by low response rates to anti-PD(L)1 monotherapy. Since regulatory approval of the vaccine therapy sipuleucel-T in the biomarker-unselected population, there has not been much success with immunotherapy treatment in advanced prostate cancer. Researchers have looked at various strategies to overcome immune resistance, including the identification of more biomarkers and the combination of immunotherapy with existing effective prostate cancer treatments. On the horizon, novel drugs using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) technology are being explored and have shown promising early efficacy in this disease. Here we discuss the features of the tumour microenvironment that predispose to immune resistance and rational strategies to enhance antitumour responsiveness in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natalie Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Meng L, Yang Y, Mortazavi A, Zhang J. Emerging Immunotherapy Approaches for Treating Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14347. [PMID: 37762648 PMCID: PMC10531627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an important approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical efficacy has been limited in prostate cancer compared to other malignancies. This review summarizes key immunotherapy strategies under evaluation for prostate cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, therapeutic vaccines, and cytokines. For each modality, the rationale stemming from preclinical studies is discussed along with outcomes from completed clinical trials and strategies to improve clinical efficacy that are being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Imperative endeavors include biomarker discovery for patient selection, deciphering resistance mechanisms, refining cellular therapies such as CAR T cells, and early-stage intervention were reviewed. These ongoing efforts instill optimism that immunotherapy may eventually deliver significant clinical benefits and expand treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Meng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Chang R, Gulley JL, Fong L. Vaccinating against cancer: getting to prime time. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006628. [PMID: 37286302 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies, and T-cell engagers, have fundamentally changed our approach to treating cancer. However, successes with cancer vaccines have been more difficult to realize. While vaccines against specific viruses have been widely adopted to prevent the development of cancer, only two vaccines can improve survival in advanced disease: sipuleucel-T and talimogene laherparepvec. These represent the two approaches that have the most traction: vaccinating against cognate antigen and priming responses using tumors in situ. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities researchers face in developing therapeutic vaccines for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chang
- Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Saudi A, Banday V, Zirakzadeh AA, Selinger M, Forsberg J, Holmbom M, Henriksson J, Waldén M, Alamdari F, Aljabery F, Winqvist O, Sherif A. Immune-Activated B Cells Are Dominant in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030920. [PMID: 36765877 PMCID: PMC9913271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are multifaceted immune cells responding robustly during immune surveillance against tumor antigens by presentation to T cells and switched immunoglobulin production. However, B cells are unstudied in prostate cancer (PCa). We used flow cytometry to analyze B-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from intermediate-high risk PCa patients. B-cell subpopulations were related to clinicopathological factors. B-cell-receptor single-cell sequencing and VDJ analysis identified clonal B-cell expansion in blood and lymph nodes. Pathological staging was pT2 in 16%, pT3a in 48%, and pT3b in 36%. Lymph node metastases occurred in 5/25 patients (20%). Compared to healthy donors, the peripheral blood CD19+ B-cell compartment was significantly decreased in PCa patients and dominated by naïve B cells. The nodal B-cell compartment had significantly increased fractions of CD19+ B cells and switched memory B cells. Plasmablasts were observed in tumor-draining sentinel lymph nodes (SNs). VDJ analysis revealed clonal expansion in lymph nodes. Thus, activated B cells are increased in SNs from PCa patients. The increased fraction of switched memory cells and plasmablasts together with the presence of clonally expanded B cells indicate tumor-specific T-cell-dependent responses from B cells, supporting an important role for B cells in the protection against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aws Saudi
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viqar Banday
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umea University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Selinger
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Forsberg
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Holmbom
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mauritz Waldén
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, 652 30 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Farhood Alamdari
- Department of Urology, Västmanland Hospital, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- ABClabs, BioClinicum, Campus Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Jin T, Zhou C, Zhao L, Dong X, Zhou F. Advances in cancer vaccines for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:148-156. [PMID: 36935188 PMCID: PMC10930556 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is currently one of the most common malignancies that endanger the lives and health of elderly men. In recent years, immunotherapy, which exploits the activation of anti-cancer host immune cells to accomplish tumor-killing effects, has emerged as a new study avenue in the treatment of prostate cancer. As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precision treatment of malignant tumors. Monocyte cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines, and DNA/mRNA vaccines are the most often used prostate cancer vaccines. Among them, Sipuleucel-T, as a monocyte cell-based cancer vaccine, is the only FDA-approved therapeutic vaccine for prostate cancer, and has a unique position and role in advancing the development of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. However, due to its own limitations, Sipuleucel-T has not been widely adopted. Meanwhile, owing to the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer, the remaining prostate cancer vaccines have not shown good clinical benefit in large randomized phase II and phase III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Jin
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000.
| | - Chuan Zhou
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fenghai Zhou
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000.
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Potluri HK, Ng TL, Newton MA, McNeel DG. GM-CSF elicits antibodies to tumor-associated proteins when used as a prostate cancer vaccine adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2267-2275. [PMID: 35133464 PMCID: PMC9744072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses to off-target cancer-associated proteins have been detected following immunotherapies for cancer, suggesting these may be the result of antigen spread. We have previously reported that serum antibodies to prostate cancer-associated proteins were detectable using a high-throughput peptide array. We hypothesized that the breadth of antibody responses elicited by a vaccine could serve as a measure of the magnitude of its induced antigen spread. Consequently, sera from patients with prostate cancer, treated prior to or after vaccination in one of four separate clinical trials, were evaluated for antibody responses to an array of 177,604 peptides derived from over 1600 prostate cancer-associated gene products. Antibody responses to the same group of 5680 peptides previously reported were identified following vaccinations in which patients were administered GM-CSF as an adjuvant, but not with vaccine in the absence of GM-CSF. Hence, antibody responses to off-target proteins following vaccination may not necessarily serve as evidence of antigen spread and must be interpreted with particular caution following vaccine strategies that use GM-CSF, as GM-CSF appears to have direct effects on the production of antibodies. The evaluation of T cell responses to non-target antigens is likely a preferred approach for detection of immune-mediated antigen spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Potluri
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tun L Ng
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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11
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Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T and Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation for Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061419. [PMID: 35740441 PMCID: PMC9220346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) We hypothesized that adding concurrent stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR) would increase the time to progression in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCA) treated with sipuleucel-T. (2) Patients with a history of prostate cancer (PC), radiographic evidence of metastatic disease, and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 0.2 ng/dL on castrate testosterone levels were enrolled in this single-arm phase II clinical trial and treated with sipuleucel-T and SAbR. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). Cellular and humoral responses were measured using ELISpot and Luminex multiplex assays, respectively. (3) Twenty patients with mCRPC were enrolled and treated with SAbR to 1−3 sites. Treatment was well tolerated with 51, 8, and 4 treatment-related grade 1, 2, and 3 toxicities, respectively, and no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. At a median follow-up of 15.5 months, the median TTP was 11.2 weeks (95% CI; 6.8−14.0 weeks). Median OS was 76.8 weeks (95% CI; 41.6−130.8 weeks). This regimen induced both humoral and cellular immune responses. Baseline M-MDSC levels were elevated in mCRPC patients compared to healthy donors (p = 0.004) and a decline in M-MDSC was associated with biochemical response (p = 0.044). Responders had lower baseline uric acid levels (p = 0.05). No clear correlation with radiographic response was observed. (4) While the regimen was safe, the PC-antigen-specific immune response induced by SAbR did not yield a synergistic clinical benefit for patients treated with sipuleucel-T compared to the historically reported outcomes.
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Sentana-Lledo D, Sartor O, Balk SP, Einstein DJ. Immune mechanisms behind prostate cancer in men of African ancestry: A review. Prostate 2022; 82:883-893. [PMID: 35254710 PMCID: PMC9875381 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men of African ancestry (AA) with prostate cancer suffer from worse outcomes. However, a recent analysis of patients treated with the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer suggested that AA patients could have improved outcomes relative to whites. METHODS We conducted a focused literature review of Medline-indexed articles and clinical trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS We identify several studies pointing to enrichment of inflammatory cellular infiltrates and cytokine signaling among AA patients with prostate cancer. We outline potential genomic and transcriptomic alterations that may contribute to immunogenicity. Last, we investigate differences in host immunity and vaccine responsiveness that may be enhanced in AA patients. CONCLUSIONS AA patients with prostate cancer may be enriched for an immunogenic phenotype. Dedicated studies are needed to better understand the immune mechanisms that contribute to existing cancer disparities and test immune-based therapies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sentana-Lledo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Le I, Dhandayuthapani S, Chacon J, Eiring AM, Gadad SS. Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:816. [PMID: 35632572 PMCID: PMC9146235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data suggest that two classes of antigens show efficacy for the development of anticancer vaccines: tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens. In addition, many different vaccines derived from antigens based on cellular, peptide/protein, and genomic components are in development to establish their efficacy in cancer therapy. Some vaccines have shown promising results, which may lead to favorable outcomes when combined with standard therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their interactions with cancer cells, and the development of various different vaccines for use in anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene Le
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Carpen L, Falvo P, Orecchioni S, Mitola G, Hillje R, Mazzara S, Mancuso P, Pileri S, Raveane A, Bertolini F. A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of innate and adaptive intratumoral immunity in triple negative breast cancer during chemo- and immunotherapies. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:106. [PMID: 35260564 PMCID: PMC8904804 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) constitutes a major health problem worldwide, making it the most common malignancy in women. Current treatment options for BC depend primarily on histological type, molecular markers, clinical aggressiveness and stage of disease. Immunotherapy, such as αPD-1, have shown combinatorial clinical activity with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) delineating some therapeutic combinations as more effective than others. However, a clear overview of the main immune cell populations involved in these treatments has never been provided. Here, an assessment of the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of two TNBC mouse models has been performed using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Specifically, immune cells were evaluated in untreated conditions and after treatments with chemotherapy or immunotherapy used as single agents or in combination. A decrease of Treg was found in treatments with in vivo efficacy as well as γδ T cells, which have a pro-tumoral activity in mice. Focusing on Cd8 T cells, across all the conditions, a general increase of exhausted-like Cd8 T cells was confirmed in pre-clinical treatments with low efficacy and an opposite trend was found for the proliferative Cd8 T cells. Regarding macrophages, M2-like cells were enriched in treatments with low efficacy while M1-like macrophages followed an opposite trend. For both models, similar proportions of B cells were detected with an increase of proliferative B cells in treatments involving cisplatin in combination with αPD-1. The fine-scale characterization of the immune TME in this work can lead to new insights on the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carpen
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mitola
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Saveria Mazzara
- Hematopathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancuso
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Pileri
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Wei XX, Kwak L, Hamid A, He M, Sweeney C, Flanders SC, Harmon M, Choudhury AD. Outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who received sipuleucel-T and no immediate subsequent therapy: experience at Dana Farber and in the PROCEED Registry. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:314-319. [PMID: 35145218 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sipuleucel-T has demonstrated survival benefit in phase 3 trials but is utilized in few men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in part due to low rates of PSA and objective response. Given the requirement to develop immune-mediated antitumor activity as vaccine-based therapy, sipuleucel-T may have delayed clinical activity. We explored this in a cohort of men from PROCEED (NCT01306890), an FDA-requested outcomes registry, and in a separate institutional cohort of mCRPC patients treated with sipuleucel-T at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI). METHODS Men with mCRPC who received 3 infusions of sipuleucel-T and did not initiate a new mCRPC directed therapy for ≥6 months after completion of sipuleucel-T were included. All patients had rising PSA before starting sipuleucel-T and available post-treatment PSA measurements. Clinical outcomes of interest included: PSA50 response rate, time to subsequent mCRPC directed therapy, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 1902 men with mCRPC treated in PROCEED and 255 patients treated consecutively with sipuleucel-T between 4/2010 and 4/2017 at DFCI, 171 and 28 patients were included, respectively. In the PROCEED sample, PSA50 response was observed in 34 (19.9%) of patients at a median of 5.5 months (IQR: 3.9-9.5) since the last sipuleucel-T infusion; median time to subsequent mCRPC directed therapy was 10 months (95% CI: 9-11); and median OS was 49 months (95% CI: 43-NR). In the DFCI cohort, PSA50 response was observed in 4 (14.3%) of patients at a median of 6.3 months (IQR: 4.7-7.0); median time to subsequent mCRPC directed therapy was 9 months (95% CI: 9-11); and median OS was 60 months (95% CI: 51-74). CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of mCRPC patients treated with sipuleucel-T who did not immediately initiate subsequent therapy using two datasets, delayed PSA response was observed in a subset of patients indicating delayed clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao X Wei
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anis Hamid
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica He
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Bikorimana JP, Abusarah J, Salame N, El-Hachem N, Shammaa R, Rafei M. Humoral Immunity to Allogeneic Immunoproteasome-Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Requires Efferocytosis by Endogenous Phagocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040596. [PMID: 35203247 PMCID: PMC8869887 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) over the last decade has revolutionized modern medicine. From the delivery of pharmacological proteins to regenerative medicine and immune modulation, these cells have proven to be highly pleiotropic and responsive to their surrounding environment. Nevertheless, their role in promoting inflammation has been fairly limited by the questionable use of interferon-gamma, as this approach has also been proven to enhance the cells' immune-suppressive abilities. Alternatively, we have previously shown that de novo expression of the immunoproteasome (IPr) complex instills potent antigen cross-presentation capabilities in MSCs. Interestingly, these cells were found to express the major histocompatibility class (MHC) II protein, which prompted us to investigate their ability to stimulate humoral immunity. Using a series of in vivo studies, we found that administration of allogeneic ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed MSC-IPr cells elicits a moderate antibody titer, which was further enhanced by the combined use of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The generated antibodies were functional as they blocked CD4 T-cell activation following their co-culture with OVA-pulsed MSC-IPr and mitigated E.G7 tumor growth in vivo. The therapeutic potency of MSC-IPr was, however, dependent on efferocytosis, as phagocyte depletion prior to vaccination abrogated MSC-IPr-induced humoral responses while promoting their survival in the host. In contrast, antibody-mediated neutralization of CD47, a potent "do not eat me signal", enhanced antibody titer levels. These observations highlight the major role played by myeloid cells in supporting antibody production by MSC-IPr and suggest that the immune outcome is dictated by a net balance between efferocytosis-stimulating and -inhibiting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bikorimana
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada;
| | - Jamilah Abusarah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (J.A.); (N.E.-H.)
| | - Natasha Salame
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada;
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (J.A.); (N.E.-H.)
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Riam Shammaa
- Canadian Centers for Regenerative Therapy, Toronto, ON M5R 1A8, Canada;
- IntelliStem Technologies Inc., Toronto, ON M5R 3N5, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (J.A.); (N.E.-H.)
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Gao WQ. The evolving role of immune cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:9-21. [PMID: 34715253 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in western countries. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the standard therapy for recurrent prostate cancer; however, this therapy may lead to ADT resistance and tumor progression, which seems to be regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and/or neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). In addition, recent data suggested the involvement of either adaptive or innate infiltrated immune cells in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we outlined the characteristics and roles of these immune cells in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatments of prostate cancer. We also summarized the current therapeutic strategies in targeting immune cells of the prostate tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
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18
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WU Z, AMEER K, JIANG G. Isolation and characterization of anti-tumor compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Rumex japonicus houtt roots and their cytotoxic effects. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Subudhi SK, Siddiqui BA, Aparicio AM, Yadav SS, Basu S, Chen H, Jindal S, Tidwell RSS, Varma A, Logothetis CJ, Allison JP, Corn PG, Sharma P. Combined CTLA-4 and PD-L1 blockade in patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with increased myeloid and neutrophil immune subsets in the bone microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002919. [PMID: 34663638 PMCID: PMC8524287 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has low response rates in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), in part due to few T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) promotes intratumoral T cell infiltration but induces upregulation of PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) within the prostate TME. Combined anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1 can partly overcome this adaptive resistance and was recently shown to augment responses in patients with mCRPC with measurable disease. Although bone is the most common site of metastasis in prostate cancer, patients with bone-predominant disease are frequently excluded from trials because they lack measurable disease, which limits assessment of disease progression and tissue sampling. We therefore designed this study to investigate combined ICT in mCRPC to bone. HYPOTHESIS Combined anti-CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) plus anti-PD-L1 (durvalumab) is safe and well tolerated in patients with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC to bone. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this single-arm pilot study, men with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC to bone received tremelimumab (75 mg intravenous) plus durvalumab (1500 mg intravenous) every 4 weeks (up to four doses), followed by durvalumab (1500 mg intravenous) maintenance every 4 weeks (up to nine doses). The primary endpoint was incidence of adverse events. Secondary endpoints included serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), progression-free survival (PFS), radiographic PFS (rPFS), and maximal PSA decline. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were treated between August 8, 2017 and March 28, 2019. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 11 patients (42%), with no grade 4 or 5 events. TRAEs leading to discontinuation occurred in three patients (12%). PSA decline ≥50% occurred in three patients (12%). Six patients (24%) achieved stable disease for >6 months. At a median follow-up of 43.6 months, median rPFS was 3.7 months (95% CI: 1.9 to 5.7), and median overall survival was 28.1 months (95% CI: 14.5 to 37.3). Post-treatment evaluation of the bone microenvironment revealed transcriptional upregulation in myeloid and neutrophil immune subset signatures and increased expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints. CONCLUSIONS Tremelimumab plus durvalumab was safe and well tolerated in patients with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC to bone, with potential activity in a small number of patients as measured by rPFS. Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 blockade with therapies targeting the myeloid compartment or other inhibitory immune receptors may be necessary to overcome mechanisms of resistance within prostate bone microenvironment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03204812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bilal A Siddiqui
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini S Yadav
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sreyashi Basu
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca S S Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ashwin Varma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James P Allison
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Stultz J, Fong L. How to turn up the heat on the cold immune microenvironment of metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:697-717. [PMID: 33820953 PMCID: PMC8384622 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced prostate cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers, despite advances in treatment options. Immunotherapy has provided little benefit to a majority of patients, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that gives rise to inherently "cold tumors". In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of the prostate tumor microenvironment, strategies for treating prostate cancer with immunotherapies, and a perspective on potential approaches to enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapies. METHODS Databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, were searched for articles relevant to the immunology of prostate cancer. We discuss the impact of different types of treatments on the immune system, and potential mechanisms through which prostate cancer evades the immune system. RESULTS The tumor microenvironment associated with prostate cancer is highly immunosuppressive due to (1) the function of regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), (2) the cytokine milieu secreted by tumor stromal cells and fibroblasts, and (3) the production of adenosine via prostatic acid phosphatase. Both adenosine and tumor growth factor beta (TGF-beta) serve as potent immunosuppressive molecules that could also represent potential therapeutic targets. While there have been many immunotherapy trials in prostate cancer, the majority of these trials have targeted a single immunosuppressive mechanism resulting in limited clinical efficacy. Future approaches will require the integration of improved patient selection as well as use of combination therapies to address multiple mechanisms of resistance. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer inherently gives rise to multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms that have been difficult to overcome with any one immunotherapeutic approach. Enhancing the clinical activity of immunotherapies will require strategic combinations of multiple therapies to address the emerging mechanisms of tumor immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Stultz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Dorff T, Hirasawa Y, Acoba J, Pagano I, Tamura D, Pal S, Zhang M, Waitz R, Dhal A, Haynes W, Shon J, Scholz M, Furuya H, Chan OTM, Huang J, Rosser C. Phase Ib study of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer treated with different sequencing regimens of atezolizumab and sipuleucel-T. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002931. [PMID: 34376554 PMCID: PMC8356194 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with a tumor vaccine may modulate the immune system to leverage complementary mechanisms of action that lead to sustained T-cell activation and a potent prolonged immunotherapeutic response in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods Subjects with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either atezolizumab followed by sipuleucel-T (Arm 1) or sipuleucel-T followed by atezolizumab (Arm 2). The primary endpoint was safety, while secondary endpoints included preliminary clinical activity such as objective tumor response and systemic immune responses that could identify key molecular and immunological changes associated with sequential administration of atezolizumab and sipuleucel-T. Results A total of 37 subjects were enrolled. The median age was 75.0 years, median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 21.9 ng/mL, and subjects had a median number of three prior treatments. Most subjects (83.8%) had at least one treatment-related adverse event. There were no grade 4 or 5 toxicities attributed to either study drug. Immune-related adverse events and infusion reactions occurred in 13.5% of subjects, and all of which were grade 1 or 2. Of 23 subjects with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors measurable disease, only one subject in Arm 2 had a partial response (PR) and four subjects overall had stable disease (SD) at 6 months reflecting an objective response rate of 4.3% and a disease control rate of 21.7%. T-cell receptor diversity was higher in subjects with a response, including SD. Immune response to three novel putative antigens (SIK3, KDM1A/LSD1, and PIK3R6) appeared to increase with treatment. Conclusions Overall, regardless of the order in which they were administered, the combination of atezolizumab with sipuleucel-T appears to be safe and well tolerated with a comparable safety profile to each agent administered as monotherapy. Correlative immune studies may suggest the combination to be beneficial; however, further studies are needed. Trial registration number NCT03024216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Hirasawa
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jared Acoba
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - David Tamura
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Scholz
- Prostate Oncology Specialists, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Owen T M Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey Huang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Charles Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Pachynski RK, Morishima C, Szmulewitz R, Harshman L, Appleman L, Monk P, Bitting RL, Kucuk O, Millard F, Seigne JD, Fling SP, Maecker HT, Duault C, Ramchurren N, Hess B, D'Amico L, Lacroix A, Kaiser JC, Morre M, Grégoire A, Cheever M, Yu EY, Fong L. IL-7 expands lymphocyte populations and enhances immune responses to sipuleucel-T in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002903. [PMID: 34452927 PMCID: PMC8404457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved autologous cellular immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We hypothesized that combining sip-T with interleukin (IL)-7, a homeostatic cytokine that enhances both B and T cell development and proliferation, would augment and prolong antigen-specific immune responses against both PA2024 (the immunogen for sip-T) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). METHODS Fifty-four patients with mCRPC treated with sip-T were subsequently enrolled and randomized 1:1 into observation (n=26) or IL-7 (n=28) arms of a phase II clinical trial (NCT01881867). Recombinant human (rh) IL-7 (CYT107) was given weekly×4. Immune responses were evaluated using flow cytometry, mass cytometry (CyTOF), interferon (IFN)-γ ELISpot, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with rhIL-7 was well tolerated. For the rhIL-7-treated, but not observation group, statistically significant lymphocyte subset expansion was found, with 2.3-2.6-fold increases in CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD56bright NK cells at week 6 compared with baseline. No significant differences in PA2024 or PAP-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assay were found between rhIL-7 and observation groups. However, antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses and humoral IgG and IgG/IgM responses significantly increased over time in the rhIL-7-treated group only. CyTOF analyses revealed pleiotropic effects of rhIL-7 on lymphocyte subsets, including increases in CD137 and intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ expression. While not powered to detect clinical outcomes, we found that 31% of patients in the rhIL-7 group had prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling times of >6 months, compared with 14% in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with rhIL-7 led to a significant expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells compared with observation after treatment with sip-T. The rhIL-7 treatment also led to improved antigen-specific humoral and T cell proliferative responses over time as well as to increased expression of activation markers and beneficial cytokines. This is the first study to evaluate the use of rhIL-7 after sip-T in patients with mCRPC and demonstrates encouraging results for combination approaches to augment beneficial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Pachynski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Russell Szmulewitz
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren Harshman
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- *Current affiliation: Surface Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul Monk
- Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - John D Seigne
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Steven P Fling
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Duault
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Hess
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonard D'Amico
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Judith C Kaiser
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Cheever
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Hawley JE, Pan S, Kandadi H, Chaimowitz MG, Sheikh N, Drake CG. Analysis of Circulating Immune Biomarkers by Race in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:314-317. [PMID: 34302463 PMCID: PMC8826456 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among racial subgroups, Black men have the highest prostate cancer–specific death rate, yet they also exhibit prolonged overall survival compared with White men when treated with standard therapies, including sipuleucel-T. Differential immune responses may play a role in these observations. We compared circulating immune markers from 54 men (18 Black and 36 White) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer who received sipuleucel-T and were enrolled on an immune monitoring registry. Markers included longitudinal serum cytokine concentrations, humoral responses, and cellular immunity from baseline until 52 weeks after sipuleucel-T administration. Black men had statistically significantly higher median concentrations of TH2-type (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10, and IL-13) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IL-6) compared with prostate-specific antigen-matched White men both at baseline and 52 weeks after sipuleucel-T (2-sided P < .05). No differences by race were seen in either the antigen-specific T-cell response or the humoral responses to the immunizing antigen PA2024 and select secondary antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Hawley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew G Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles G Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Kim SS, Sumner WA, Miyauchi S, Cohen EEW, Califano JA, Sharabi AB. Role of B Cells in Responses to Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy and Overall Survival of Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6075-6082. [PMID: 34230025 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of B cells in the tumor microenvironment and B-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses remains relatively understudied. Recent seminal studies have discovered that B cells and associated tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and are prognostic for overall survival of cancer patients. B-cell subsets have remarkable functional diversity and include professional antigen-presenting cells, regulatory cells, memory populations, and antibody-producing plasma cells. Importantly, secreted antibodies can independently activate innate immune responses and induce the cancer immunity cycle. Thus, B cells and B-cell-mediated antibody responses comprise the largely underappreciated second arm of the adaptive immune system and certainly deserve further attention in the field of oncology. Here, we review the known functions of B cells in the tumor microenvironment, the contribution of B cells to the antitumor activity of immunotherapies, and the role of B cells in the overall survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Whitney A Sumner
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Sayuri Miyauchi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress, patients with metastatic prostate cancer continue to have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer care for many tumor types but has a limited role in the treatment of prostate cancer. This review discusses the promise of immunotherapy in prostate cancer treatment with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Most prostate tumors have low tumor mutational burden and lack immunogenicity, representing significant hurdles to induction of anti-tumor immunity. However, recent research centered on deciphering key mechanisms of immune resistance in the prostate tumor microenvironment has led to the discovery of a range of new treatment targets. These discoveries are currently being translated into innovative immunotherapy clinical trials for patients with prostate cancer. Recent progress includes early evidence of activity for these novel approaches and the identification of potential predictive biomarkers of response. Novel treatment strategies using new antigen-directed therapies, drugs targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and combination immunotherapy therapies show great potential and are currently in clinical development. In addition, a deeper understanding of predictors of response and resistance to immunotherapy in prostate cancer is allowing for a more personalized approach to therapy.
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26
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Abdul Sater H, Marté JL, Donahue RN, Walter-Rodriguez B, Heery CR, Steinberg SM, Cordes LM, Chun G, Karzai F, Bilusic M, Harmon SA, Turkbey IB, Choyke PL, Schlom J, Dahut WL, Madan RA, Pinto PA, Gulley JL. Neoadjuvant PROSTVAC prior to radical prostatectomy enhances T-cell infiltration into the tumor immune microenvironment in men with prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000655. [PMID: 32269146 PMCID: PMC7174144 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trials have shown the ability of therapeutic vaccines to generate immune responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). What is relatively less known is if this translates into immune-cell (IC) infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. This study examined whether neoadjuvant prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-targeted vaccination with PROSTVAC could induce T-cell immunity, particularly at the tumor site. Methods An open-label, phase II study of neoadjuvant PROSTVAC vaccine enrolled 27 patients with localized prostate cancer awaiting radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated increases in CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates (RP tissue vs baseline biopsies) using a six-color multiplex immunofluorescence Opal method. Antigen-specific responses were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping 15-mer peptide pools encoding the TAAs PSA, brachyury and MUC-1. Results Of 27 vaccinated patients, 26 had matched prevaccination (biopsy) and postvaccination (RP) prostate samples available for non-compartmentalized analysis (NCA) and compartmentalized analysis (CA). Tumor CD4 T-cell infiltrates were significantly increased in postvaccination RP specimens compared with baseline biopsies by NCA (median 176/mm² vs 152/mm²; IQR 136–317/mm² vs 69–284/mm²; p=0.0249; median ratio 1.20; IQR 0.64–2.25). By CA, an increase in both CD4 T-cell infiltrates at the tumor infiltrative margin (median 198/mm² vs 151/mm²; IQR 123–500/mm² vs 85–256/mm²; p=0.042; median ratio 1.44; IQR 0.59–4.17) and in CD8 T-cell infiltrates at the tumor core (median 140/mm² vs 105/mm²; IQR 91–175/mm² vs 83–163/mm²; p=0.036; median ratio 1.25; IQR 0.88–2.09) were noted in postvaccination RP specimens compared with baseline biopsies. A total of 13/25 patients (52%) developed peripheral T-cell responses to any of the three tested TAAs (non-neoantigens); five of these had responses to more than one antigen of the three evaluated. Conclusion Neoadjuvant PROSTVAC can induce both tumor immune response and peripheral immune response. Trial registration number NCT02153918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Abdul Sater
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer L Marté
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beatriz Walter-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M Cordes
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guinevere Chun
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marijo Bilusic
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ismail Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Obradovic A, Nirschl TR, Crowley L, Macedo R, Papachristodoulou A, O'Donnell T, Laserson U, Zarif JC, Reshef R, Yuan T, Soni MK, Antonarakis ES, Haffner MC, Larman HB, Shen MM, Muranski P, Drake CG. TGM4: an immunogenic prostate-restricted antigen. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001649. [PMID: 34193566 PMCID: PMC8246381 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the USA; death occurs when patients progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although immunotherapy with the Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccine sipuleucel-T, which targets prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), extends survival for 2-4 months, the identification of new immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) continues to be an unmet need. METHODS We evaluated the differential expression profile of castration-resistant prostate epithelial cells that give rise to CRPC from mice following an androgen deprivation/repletion cycle. The expression levels of a set of androgen-responsive genes were further evaluated in prostate, brain, colon, liver, lung, skin, kidney, and salivary gland from murine and human databases. The expression of a novel prostate-restricted TAA was then validated by immunostaining of mouse tissues and analyzed in primary tumors across all human cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Finally, the immunogenicity of this TAA was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using autologous coculture assays with cells from healthy donors as well as by measuring antigen-specific antibodies in sera from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) from a neoadjuvant clinical trial. RESULTS We identified a set of androgen-responsive genes that could serve as potential TAAs for PCa. In particular, we found transglutaminase 4 (Tgm4) to be highly expressed in prostate tumors that originate from luminal epithelial cells and only expressed at low levels in most extraprostatic tissues evaluated. Furthermore, elevated levels of TGM4 expression in primary PCa tumors correlated with unfavorable prognosis in patients. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the immunogenicity of TGM4. We found that activated proinflammatory effector memory CD8 and CD4 T cells were expanded by monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDCs) pulsed with TGM4 to a greater extent than moDCs pulsed with either PAP or prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and T cells primed with TGM4-pulsed moDCs produce functional cytokines following a prime/boost regiment or in vitro stimulation. An IgG antibody response to TGM4 was detected in 30% of vaccinated patients, while fewer than 8% of vaccinated patients developed antibody responses to PSA or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TGM4 is an immunogenic, prostate-restricted antigen with the potential for further development as an immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoila A Lopez-Bujanda
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Current: Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Crowley
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rodney Macedo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandros Papachristodoulou
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy O'Donnell
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Uri Laserson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiezheng Yuan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mithil K Soni
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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28
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Moey MYY, Jiwani RA, Takeda K, Prenshaw K, Kreeger RW, Inzerillo J, Liles DK, Marcu CB, Lebrun-Vignes B, Morris DL, Ardhanari S, Salem JE. Sipuleucel-T associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a case report and observations from a large pharmacovigilance database. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3360-3368. [PMID: 33938158 PMCID: PMC8318408 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The major cardiovascular (CV) adverse effects observed with sipuleucel‐T from large multi‐institutional clinical trials included thromboembolic events, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure in up to 0.3% of patients with CV risk factors. The incidence, outcomes, and mechanisms in real‐world clinical settings of these CV adverse effects to date have not been fully elucidated. Our study identified a patient with sipuleucel‐T‐induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which led to the identification of CV adverse effects associated with sipuleucel‐T from a large pharmacovigilance database and elucidation of its potential mechanisms. Methods and results Using the MedDRA term ‘cardiac disorders’ (System Organ Class level), CV adverse events associated with sipuleucel‐T versus all other drugs were reviewed from VigiBase, a large pharmacovigilance database. Disproportionality analysis was calculated by the information component (IC), a Bayesian disproportionality indicator. A positive IC025 (IC 95% lower end credibility interval) value (>0) is the traditional threshold used in statistical signal detection at the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. From VigiBase, the total number of CV adverse drug reaction reported with sipuleucel‐T was 306 out of a total of 22 980 104 adverse drug reactions in VigiBase on 10/25/2020. MedDRA preferred terms levels were grouped into major CV adverse drug reaction categories where we observed significant reports of myocardial ischaemia, supraventricular tachycardia (particularly atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter), congestive heart failure, and valvular disorders. Myocardial ischemia included acute myocardial infarction (IC025 2.3) with n = 4/26 (15%) of these individual case safety reports considered fatal. Among patients with ‘cardiac failure congestive’ (IC025 1.5), 11 of these 43 cases (26%) were fatal with 42 (98%) of these cases considered to be solely due to sipuleucel‐T. Conclusions Patients with CV risk factors who are receiving sipuleucel‐T may be at higher risk for congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia, and supraventricular tachycardia. Electrocardiograms during weekly sipuleucel‐T infusions and left ventricular function monitoring with echocardiogram should be considered in these patients. Our findings are suggestive of another rare presentation of T‐cell‐mediated CV toxicity with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Y Y Moey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Rahim A Jiwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Karyn Prenshaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - R Wayne Kreeger
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | | | - Darla K Liles
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C Bogdan Marcu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Bénédicte Lebrun-Vignes
- Department of Pharmacology, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM CIC-1901, AP-HP, Paris, France.,EA Epiderme-Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - D Lynn Morris
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Sivakumar Ardhanari
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM CIC-1901, AP-HP, Paris, France.,UNICO-GRECO APHP.Sorbonne Cardio-Oncology Program, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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29
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Crews DW, Dombroski JA, King MR. Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines Engineered to Elicit Specific Adaptive Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626463. [PMID: 33869008 PMCID: PMC8044825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been used to prevent and eradicate different diseases for over 200 years, and new vaccine technologies have the potential to prevent many common illnesses. Cancer, despite many advances in therapeutics, is still the second leading causes of death in the United States. Prophylactic, or preventative, cancer vaccines have the potential to reduce cancer prevalence by initiating a specific immune response that will target cancer before it can develop. Cancer vaccines can include many different components, such as peptides and carbohydrates, and be fabricated for delivery using a variety of means including through incorporation of stabilizing chemicals like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pan-DR helper T-lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), fusion with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), microneedle patches, and liposomal encapsulation. There are currently five cancer vaccines used in the clinic, protecting against either human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), and preventing several different types of cancer including cervical and oral cancer. Prophylactic cancer vaccines can promote three different types of adaptive responses: humoral (B cell, or antibody-mediated), cellular (T cell) or a combination of the two types. Each vaccine has its advantages and challenges at eliciting an adaptive immune response, but these prophylactic cancer vaccines in development have the potential to prevent or delay tumor development, and reduce the incidence of many common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis W Crews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Desai R, Coxon AT, Dunn GP. Therapeutic applications of the cancer immunoediting hypothesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:63-77. [PMID: 33711414 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 19th century, the immune system has increasingly garnered interest as a novel avenue for cancer therapy, particularly given scientific breakthroughs in recent decades delineating the fundamental role of the immune system in tumorigenesis. The immunoediting hypothesis has articulated this role, describing three phases of the tumor-immune system interaction: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Escape wherein tumors progress from active immunologic surveillance and destruction through dynamic immunologic stasis to unfettered growth. The primary goals of immunotherapy are to restrict and revert progression through these phases, thereby improving the immune system's ability to control tumor growth. In this review, we detail the development and foundation of the cancer immunoediting hypothesis and apply this hypothesis to the dynamic immunotherapy field that includes checkpoint blockade, vaccine therapy, and adoptive cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew T Coxon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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31
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Kibel AS, Inman BA, Pachynski RK, Vu T, Sheikh NA, Petrylak DP. Videos of Sipuleucel-T Programmed T Cells Lysing Cells That Express Prostate Cancer Target Antigens. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:310-313. [PMID: 33630063 PMCID: PMC8826523 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T, an autologous cellular immunotherapy, was approved to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in 2010 in the United States. Treatment with sipuleucel-T primes the immune system to target prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), which is expressed by prostate cancer cells, potentially leading to lysis of cancer cell. Expanding upon previously reported indirect evidence of cell killing with sipuleucel-T treatment, we sought to provide direct evidence of cell lysis through visualization. We used advanced video technology and available samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects enrolled in the STAMP trial (NCT01487863). Isolated CD8+ T cells were used as effector cells and co-cultured with autologous monocytes pulsed with control or target antigens. Differentially stained effector and target cells were then video-recorded during co-culture. Here, we present video recordings and analyses of T cells from sipuleucel-T-treated subjects showing-for the first time-direct lysis of cells that express prostate cancer target antigens, PAP or prostate-specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kibel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Tuyen Vu
- Dendreon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Seattle, WA
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32
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Tumor Heterogeneity: A Great Barrier in the Age of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040806. [PMID: 33671881 PMCID: PMC7918981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the history of oncology research, tumor heterogeneity has been a major hurdle for the successful treatment of cancer. As a result of aberrant changes in the tumor microenvironment such as high mutational burden, hypoxic conditions and abnormal vasculature, several malignant subpopulations often exist within a single tumor mass. Therapeutic intervention can also increase selective pressure towards subpopulations with acquired resistance. This phenomenon is often the cause of relapse in previously responsive patients, drastically changing the expected outcome of therapy. In the case of cancer immunotherapy, tumor heterogeneity is a substantial barrier as acquired resistance often takes the form of antigen escape and immunosuppression. In an effort to combat intrinsic resistance mechanisms, therapies are often combined as a multi-pronged approach to target multiple pathways simultaneously. These multi-therapy regimens have long been a mainstay of clinical oncology with chemotherapy cocktails but are more recently being investigated in the emerging landscape of immunotherapy. Furthermore, as high throughput technology becomes more affordable and accessible, researchers continue to deepen their understanding of the factors that influence tumor heterogeneity and shape the TME over the course of treatment regimens. In this review, we will investigate the factors that give rise to tumor heterogeneity and the impact it has on the field of immunotherapy. We will discuss how tumor heterogeneity causes resistance to various treatments and review the strategies currently being employed to overcome this challenging clinical hurdle. Finally, we will outline areas of research that should be prioritized to gain a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and develop appropriate solutions.
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Weiner AB, Vidotto T, Liu Y, Mendes AA, Salles DC, Faisal FA, Murali S, McFarlane M, Imada EL, Zhao X, Li Z, Davicioni E, Marchionni L, Chinnaiyan AM, Freedland SJ, Spratt DE, Wu JD, Lotan TL, Schaeffer EM. Plasma cells are enriched in localized prostate cancer in Black men and are associated with improved outcomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:935. [PMID: 33568675 PMCID: PMC7876147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Black men die more often of prostate cancer yet, interestingly, may derive greater survival benefits from immune-based treatment with sipuleucel-T. Since no signatures of immune-responsiveness exist for prostate cancer, we explored race-based immune-profiles to identify vulnerabilities. Here we show in multiple independent cohorts comprised of over 1,300 patient samples annotated with either self-identified race or genetic ancestry, prostate tumors from Black men or men of African ancestry have increases in plasma cell infiltrate and augmented markers of NK cell activity and IgG expression. These findings are associated with improved recurrence-free survival following surgery and nominate plasma cells as drivers of prostate cancer immune-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adrianna A Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farzana A Faisal
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew McFarlane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eddie L Imada
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ziwen Li
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Marshall CH, Fu W, Wang H, Park JC, DeWeese TL, Tran PT, Song DY, King S, Afful M, Hurrelbrink J, Manogue C, Cotogno P, Moldawer NP, Barata PC, Drake CG, Posadas EM, Armstrong AJ, Sartor O, Antonarakis ES. Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with or without Radium-223 in Men with Bone-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1623-1630. [PMID: 33451978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether radium-223 increases peripheral immune responses to sipuleucel-T in men with bone-predominant, minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 32 patients were randomized 1:1 in this open-label, phase II multicenter trial. Patients in the control arm received three sipuleucel-T treatments, 2 weeks apart. Those in the combination arm received six doses of radium-223 monthly, with sipuleucel-T intercalated between the second and fourth doses of radium-223. The primary endpoint was a comparison of peripheral antigen PA2024-specific T-cell responses (measured by proliferation index). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and PSA responses. RESULTS We enrolled 32 patients, followed for a median of 1.6 years. Six weeks after the first sipuleucel-T dose, participants in the control arm had a 3.2-fold greater change in PA2024-specific T-cell responses compared with those who received combination treatment (P = 0.036). Patients in the combination arm were more likely to have a >50% PSA decline [5 (31%) vs. 0 patients; P = 0.04], and also demonstrated longer PFS [39 vs. 12 weeks; HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.76] and OS (not reached vs. 2.6 years; HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-1.23). CONCLUSIONS Our data raise the possibility of greater clinical activity with the combination of sipuleucel-T and radium-223 in men with asymptomatic bone mCRPC, despite the paradoxically lower immune responses observed. Additional study to confirm these findings in a larger trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Marshall
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Fu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hao Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Theodore L DeWeese
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Serina King
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michaella Afful
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia Hurrelbrink
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Nancy P Moldawer
- Urologic Oncology Program, Cedars Sinai Cancer & Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Charles G Drake
- New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program, Cedars Sinai Cancer & Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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35
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Potluri HK, Ng TL, Newton MA, Zhang J, Maher CA, Nelson PS, McNeel DG. Antibody profiling of patients with prostate cancer reveals differences in antibody signatures among disease stages. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001510. [PMID: 33335027 PMCID: PMC7745697 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of prostate cancer autoantibodies have largely focused on diagnostic applications. So far, there have been no reports attempting to more comprehensively profile the landscape of prostate cancer-associated antibodies. Specifically, it is unknown whether the quantity of antibodies or the types of proteins recognized change with disease progression. METHODS A peptide microarray spanning the amino acid sequences of the gene products of 1611 prostate cancer-associated genes was synthesized. Serum samples from healthy male volunteers (n=15) and patients with prostate cancer (n=85) were used to probe the array. These samples included patients with various clinical stages of disease: newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer (n=15), castration-sensitive non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmCSPC, n=40), castration-resistant non-metastatic prostate cancer (n=15) and castration-resistant metastatic disease (n=15). The patients with nmCSPC received treatment with either standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or an antitumor DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase. Serial sera samples from these individuals were also used to probe the array, to secondarily determine whether this approach could be used to detect treatment-related changes. RESULTS We demonstrated that this peptide array yielded highly reproducible measurements of serum IgG levels. We found that the overall number of antibody responses did not increase with disease burden. However, the composition of recognized proteins shifted with clinical stage of disease. Our analysis revealed that the largest difference was between patients with castration-sensitive and castration-resistant disease. Patients with castration-resistant disease recognized more proteins associated with nucleic acid binding and gene regulation compared with men in other groups. Our longitudinal data showed that treatments can elicit antibodies detectable by this array, and notably vaccine-treated patients developed increased responses to more proteins over the course of treatment than did ADT-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest survey of prostate cancer-associated antibodies to date. We have been able to characterize the classes of proteins recognized by patients and determine how they change with disease burden. Our findings further demonstrate the potential of this platform for measuring antigen spread and studying responses to immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tun Lee Ng
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Peter S Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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36
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Shemesh CS, Hsu JC, Hosseini I, Shen BQ, Rotte A, Twomey P, Girish S, Wu B. Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Mol Ther 2020; 29:555-570. [PMID: 33038322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous innovation is underway among a rapidly expanding repertoire of promising personalized immune-based treatments. Therapeutic cancer vaccines (TCVs) are attractive systemic immunotherapies that activate and expand antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Our review highlights key issues impacting TCVs in clinical practice and reports on progress in development. We review the mechanism of action, immune-monitoring, dosing strategies, combinations, obstacles, and regulation of cancer vaccines. Most trials of personalized TCVs are ongoing and represent diverse platforms with predominantly early investigations of mRNA, DNA, or peptide-based targeting strategies against neoantigens in solid tumors, with many in combination immunotherapies. Multiple delivery systems, routes of administration, and dosing strategies are used. Intravenous or intramuscular administration is common, including delivery by lipid nanoparticles. Absorption and biodistribution impact antigen uptake, expression, and presentation, affecting the strength, speed, and duration of immune response. The emerging trials illustrate the complexity of developing this class of innovative immunotherapies. Methodical testing of the multiple potential factors influencing immune responses, as well as refined quantitative methodologies to facilitate optimal dosing strategies, could help resolve uncertainty of therapeutic approaches. To increase the likelihood of success in bringing these medicines to patients, several unique development challenges must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby S Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Joy C Hsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Iraj Hosseini
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anand Rotte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Twomey
- Department of Product Development Safety, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sandhya Girish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Zhang L, Kandadi H, Yang H, Cham J, He T, Oh DY, Sheikh NA, Fong L. Long-term Sculpting of the B-cell Repertoire following Cancer Immunotherapy in Patients Treated with Sipuleucel-T. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1496-1507. [PMID: 32967912 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy, administered as three infusions, for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Sipuleucel-T induces T- and B-cell responses to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), correlating to improved survival. The long-term impact of sipuleucel-T on tumor antigen-specific immunologic memory remains unknown, in particular, B-cell responses, as measured by antigen-specific antibody responses and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences. To evaluate whether sipuleucel-T could induce long-term immunologic memory, we examined circulating B-cell responses before and after sipuleucel-T treatment in two groups of patients with mCRPC: those who had previously received sipuleucel-T (treated; median, 8.9 years since the previous treatment) versus those who had not (naïve). Before re-treatment, previously treated patients exhibited persistent antibody responses as well as more focused and convergent BCR repertoires with distinct V(D)J gene usage compared with naïve patients. After re-treatment, previously treated patients maintained high-frequency clones and developed more convergent BCRs at earlier time points unlike naïve patients. With the first sipuleucel-T infusion specifically, previously treated patients had less shuffling within the 100 most abundant baseline clones. In contrast, naïve patients exhibited great BCR turnover with a continued influx of new B-cell clones. Social network analysis showed that previously treated patients had more highly organized B-cell repertoires, consistent with greater clonal maturation. Higher treatment-induced BCR clonality correlated with longer survival for naïve patients. These results demonstrated the capacity of sipuleucel-T to induce long-term immune memory and lasting changes to the B-cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Hai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Cham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Internal Medicine, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California
| | - Tao He
- Department of Mathematics, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - David Y Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Quantification and characterization of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by fluorine-19 cellular MRI in an immunocompromised mouse model. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:577-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Das M, Zhou X, Liu Y, Das A, Vincent BG, Li J, Liu R, Huang L. Tumor neoantigen heterogeneity impacts bystander immune inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100856. [PMID: 32862105 PMCID: PMC7475277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunogenic clonal-fraction threshold in heterogeneous solid-tumor required to induce effective bystander-killing of non-immunogenic subclones is unknown. Pancreatic cancer poses crucial challenges for immune therapeutic interventions due to low mutational-burden and consequent lack of neoantigens. Here, we designed a model to incorporate artificial-neoantigens into genes-of -interest in cancer-cells and to test their potential to actuate bystander-killing. By precisely controlling a neoantigen's abundance in the tumor, we studied the impact of neoantigen frequency on immune-response and immune-escape. Our results showed single, strong, widely-expressed neoantigen could lead to robust antitumor response when over 80% of cancer cells express the neoantigen. Further, immunological assays demonstrated T-cell responses against non-target self-antigen on KRAS-oncoprotein, when we inoculated animals with a high frequency of tumor-cells expressing test-neoantigen. Using nanoparticle-based gene-therapy, we successfully altered tumor-microenvironment by perturbing interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 gene-expression. The subsequent microenvironment-remodeling reduced the neoantigen frequency threshold at which bioluminescent signal intensity for tumor-burden decreased 1.5-log-fold, marking robust tumor-growth inhibition, from 83% to 29%. Our results thus suggest bystander killing is inefficient in immunologically-cold tumors like pancreatic-cancer and requires high neoantigen abundance. However, bystander killing mediated antitumor response can be rescued by adjuvant-immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisit Das
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anirban Das
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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40
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Hegde M, Joseph SK, Pashankar F, DeRenzo C, Sanber K, Navai S, Byrd TT, Hicks J, Xu ML, Gerken C, Kalra M, Robertson C, Zhang H, Shree A, Mehta B, Dakhova O, Salsman VS, Grilley B, Gee A, Dotti G, Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Wels WS, Gottschalk S, Ahmed N. Tumor response and endogenous immune reactivity after administration of HER2 CAR T cells in a child with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3549. [PMID: 32669548 PMCID: PMC7363864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma is largely incurable. Here we analyze the response of a child with refractory bone marrow metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma to autologous HER2 CAR T cells. Three cycles of HER2 CAR T cells given after lymphodepleting chemotherapy induces remission which is consolidated with four more CAR T-cell infusions without lymphodepletion. Longitudinal immune-monitoring reveals remodeling of the T-cell receptor repertoire with immunodominant clones and serum autoantibodies reactive to oncogenic signaling pathway proteins. The disease relapses in the bone marrow at six months off-therapy. A second remission is achieved after one cycle of lymphodepletion and HER2 CAR T cells. Response consolidation with additional CAR T-cell infusions includes pembrolizumab to improve their efficacy. The patient described here is a participant in an ongoing phase I trial (NCT00902044; active, not recruiting), and is 20 months off T-cell infusions with no detectable disease at the time of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Hegde
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farzana Pashankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled Sanber
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shoba Navai
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiara T Byrd
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mina L Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Claudia Gerken
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mamta Kalra
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Robertson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ankita Shree
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Dakhova
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vita S Salsman
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Gee
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Kyriakopoulos CE, Eickhoff JC, Ferrari AC, Schweizer MT, Wargowski E, Olson BM, McNeel DG. Multicenter Phase I Trial of a DNA Vaccine Encoding the Androgen Receptor Ligand-binding Domain (pTVG-AR, MVI-118) in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5162-5171. [PMID: 32513836 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies demonstrated that a DNA vaccine (pTVG-AR, MVI-118) encoding the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain (AR LBD) augmented antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, delayed prostate cancer progression and emergence of castration-resistant disease, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. This vaccine was evaluated in a multicenter phase I trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) who had recently begun androgen deprivation therapy were randomly assigned to receive pTVG-AR on one of two treatment schedules over one year, and with or without GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant. Patients were followed for 18 months. Primary objectives were safety and immune response. Secondary objectives included median time to PSA progression, and 18-month PSA-PFS (PPFS). RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled at three centers. Twenty-seven patients completed treatment and 18 months of follow-up. Eleven patients (28%) had a PSA progression event before the 18-month time point. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed. Of 30 patients with samples available for immune analysis, 14 (47%) developed Th1-type immunity to the AR LBD, as determined by IFNγ and/or granzyme B ELISPOT. Persistent IFNγ immune responses were observed irrespective of GM-CSF adjuvant. Patients who developed T-cell immunity had a significantly prolonged PPFS compared with patients without immunity (HR = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.0-0.21; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS pTVG-AR was safe and immunologically active in patients with mCSPC. Association between immunity and PPFS suggests that treatment may delay the time to castration resistance, consistent with preclinical findings, and will be prospectively evaluated in future trials.See related commentary by Shenderov and Antonarakis, p. 5056.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Kyriakopoulos
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anna C Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center for Cancer Care, New York, New York
| | - Michael T Schweizer
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ellen Wargowski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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42
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Madan RA, Antonarakis ES, Drake CG, Fong L, Yu EY, McNeel DG, Lin DW, Chang NN, Sheikh NA, Gulley JL. Putting the Pieces Together: Completing the Mechanism of Action Jigsaw for Sipuleucel-T. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:562-573. [PMID: 32145020 PMCID: PMC7301097 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy that induces an immune response targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) to treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the phase III IMPACT study, sipuleucel-T was associated with a statistically significantly increased overall survival (OS) (median = 4.1 months) vs placebo. Patients with baseline prostate-specific antigen levels in the lowest quartile (≤22.1 ng/mL) exhibited a 13-month improvement in OS with sipuleucel-T. Together, this led sipuleucel-T to be approved and recommended as first-line therapy in various guidelines for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review discusses the varied findings about the mechanisms of action of sipuleucel-T, bringing them together to form a more coherent picture. These pieces include inducing a statistically significant increase in antigen-presenting cell activation; inducing a peripheral immune response specific to the target (PAP) and/or immunizing (PA2024) antigens; stimulating systemic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity; and mediating antigen spread (ie, increased antibody responses to secondary proteins in addition to PAP and PA2024). Each of these pieces individually correlates with OS. Sipuleucel-T also traffics T cells to the prostate and is associated with long-term immune memory such that a second course of treatment induces an anamnestic immune response. Prostate cancer does not have a strongly inflamed microenvironment, thus its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. Because sipuleucel-T is able to traffic T cells to the tumor, it may be an ideal combination partner with immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors or with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Madan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Charles G Drake
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Lin
- University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - James L Gulley
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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43
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Compagno D, Tiraboschi C, Garcia JD, Rondón Y, Corapi E, Velazquez C, Laderach DJ. Galectins as Checkpoints of the Immune System in Cancers, Their Clinical Relevance, and Implication in Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050750. [PMID: 32408492 PMCID: PMC7277089 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are small proteins with pleiotropic functions, which depend on both their lectin (glycan recognition) and non-lectin (recognition of other biomolecules besides glycans) interactions. Currently, 15 members of this family have been described in mammals, each with its structural and ligand recognition particularities. The galectin/ligand interaction translates into a plethora of biological functions that are particular for each cell/tissue type. In this sense, the cells of the immune system are highly sensitive to the action of these small and essential proteins. While galectins play central roles in tumor progression, they are also excellent negative regulators (checkpoints) of the immune cell functions, participating in the creation of a microenvironment that promotes tumor escape. This review aims to give an updated view on how galectins control the tumor’s immune attack depending on the tumor microenvironment, because determining which galectins are essential and the role they play will help to develop future clinical trials and benefit patients with incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (D.C.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Carolina Tiraboschi
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - José Daniel Garcia
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Yorfer Rondón
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Enrique Corapi
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Carla Velazquez
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Facultad de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata 1900, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (C.T.); (J.D.G.); (Y.R.); (E.C.); (C.V.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Lujan 6700, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (D.C.); (D.J.L.)
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44
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F Slovin S. The challenge of checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: drugs for the many but useful to a few. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:219-221. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065-6007, USA
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45
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Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:433-445. [PMID: 31015643 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate and bladder cancer are two outstanding unmet medical needs for urological oncologists. The high prevalence of these tumours, lack of effective biomarkers and limited effective treatment options highlight the importance of basic research in these diseases. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumours and have roles in different stages of tumour development and progression, including immune evasion. In particular, altered expression levels of different members of the galectin family have been reported in prostate and bladder cancers, which, together with the aberrant glycosylation patterns found in tumour cells and the constituent cell types of the tumour microenvironment, can result in malignant transformation and tumour progression. Understanding the roles of galectin family proteins in the development and progression of prostate and bladder cancer could yield key insights to inform the clinical management of these diseases.
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46
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Xin G, Khatun A, Topchyan P, Zander R, Volberding PJ, Chen Y, Shen J, Fu C, Jiang A, See WA, Cui W. Pathogen-Boosted Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy Induces Endogenous Antitumor Immunity through Antigen Spreading. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:7-18. [PMID: 31719059 PMCID: PMC6946848 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of target antigens in tumor cells has become one of the major hurdles limiting the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-based immunotherapies. The optimal approach to overcome this challenge includes broadening the immune response from the initially targeted tumor-associated antigen (TAA) to other TAAs expressed in the tumor. To induce a more broadly targeted antitumor response, we utilized our previously developed Re-energized ACT (ReACT), which capitalizes on the synergistic effect of pathogen-based immunotherapy and ACT. In this study, we showed that ReACT induced a sufficient endogenous CD8+ T-cell response beyond the initial target to prevent the outgrowth of antigen loss variants in a B16-F10 melanoma model. Sequentially, selective depletion experiments revealed that Batf3-driven cDC1s were essential for the activation of endogenous tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. In ReACT-treated mice that eradicated tumors, we observed that endogenous CD8+ T cells differentiated into memory cells and facilitated the rejection of local and distal tumor rechallenge. By targeting one TAA with ReACT, we provided broader TAA coverage to counter antigen escape and generate a durable memory response against local relapse and metastasis.See related Spotlight on p. 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xin
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Achia Khatun
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ryan Zander
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Peter J Volberding
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yao Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jian Shen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chunmei Fu
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - William A See
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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47
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Šamija I, Fröbe A. CHALLENGES IN MANIPULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT PROSTATE CANCER. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:76-81. [PMID: 34975203 PMCID: PMC8693557 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.s2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
First cancer vaccine that was approved for routine therapy was sipuleucel-T for treatment of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. However, other immunotherapy drugs evaluated in prostate cancer, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have failed to show therapeutic effect. There are several potential explanations for lack of response of prostate cancer to these drugs. These explanations, which are related to specific genetic (e.g. low mutational burden) and immunological (e.g. immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment) background of prostate cancer are discussed in this review. Also, new therapeutic strategies to overcome prostate cancer immunotherapy resistance and to select subgroups of patients that could benefit from immunotherapy are outlined.
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48
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Zhao J, Chen Y, Ding ZY, Liu JY. Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines Alone or in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1184. [PMID: 31680963 PMCID: PMC6798079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have proven to seldom induce dramatic clinical response when used alone, and therefore, they are being studied in combination with additional treatment modalities to achieve optimal treatment activities. Growing preclinical data show that combining vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can prime intensified immunogenicity and modulate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we focus on the safety and efficacy of approved and promising cancer vaccines alone or combined with ICIs in the treatment of several malignancies. Generally, the majority of clinical trials support the concept of synergy that combination therapy of vaccines and ICIs holds maximized potential to improve clinical outcomes. Importantly, the combination has acceptable safety and minimal additional toxicity compared with single-agent vaccines or ICIs. Additionally, the potential strategies of combining personalized tumor vaccines with ICIs will become priority option and future direction of vaccine development and application and the urgent need to develop effective biomarkers to screen appropriate patient populations and predict response to combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Ghosh S, Girigoswami K, Girigoswami A. Membrane-encapsulated camouflaged nanomedicines in drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2067-2082. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the limitations of conventional therapies, there has been an increasing need for nanomedicines for real-time diagnosis and effective treatment of life-threatening diseases. Despite the conceptual and technological success achieved by researchers worldwide, the complexities of biological systems, efficient engineering and formulation of monodispersed nanomedicines, inadequate information on bio–nano interactions, issues on health hazards, clinical trials and commercialization have set new challenges in biomedical research. This review highlights how the biological membrane improves the performance of nanomedicines in drug delivery. With the list of nanomedicines getting longer gradually to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapeutics, it is important to concentrate on the interactions between nanostructures and living systems in order to improve the biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of functional nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ghosh
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
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50
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Lee GT, Srivastava A, Kwon YS, Kim IY. Immune reaction by cytoreductive prostatectomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:64-79. [PMID: 31139701 PMCID: PMC6526355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. With no effective cure for advanced disease, the survival rates of castration-resistant disease and metastatic disease remains poor. Treatment via hormonal manipulation, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy remain marginally effective, indicating the need for novel treatment strategies. Cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP) has grown as a treatment modality for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and an emerging body of literature has demonstrated its survival benefits. In this review, we hope to further explore immunologic changes after CRP and the resultant effects on oncologic outcomes. Conclusively, the data and technical considerations of CRS evolve, CRS may continue to expand treat various type of metastatic cancer. Still, there are little reports about immunological changed after CRP. However, based on technical improvement, CRP and combinational immunotherapy are developing treatments of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Taek Lee
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Arnav Srivastava
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Young Suk Kwon
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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