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Gu Z, Lin S, Yu J, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xia K, Chen L, Li Y, He B. Advances in dual-targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116571. [PMID: 38857566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an essential regulator of histone acetylation processes, exerting influence on a multitude of cellular functions such as cell motility, endocytosis, autophagy, apoptosis, and protein trafficking through its deacetylation activity. The significant implications of HDAC6 in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune disorders have motivated extensive investigation into the development of specific inhibitors targeting this enzyme for therapeutic purposes. Single targeting drugs carry the risk of inducing drug resistance, thus prompting exploration of dual targeting therapy which offers the potential to impact multiple signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby lowering the likelihood of resistance development. While pharmacological studies have exhibited promise in combined therapy involving HDAC6, challenges related to potential drug interactions exist. In response to these challenges, researchers are investigating HDAC6 hybrid molecules which enable the concomitant targeting of HDAC6 and other key proteins, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while mitigating side effects and reducing the risk of resistance compared to traditional combination therapies. The published design strategies for dual targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 are summarized and discussed in this review. This will provide some valuable insights into more novel HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitors to meet the urgent need for innovative therapies in oncology and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Shuxian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Keli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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2
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Wang WD, Zeng CY, Shang Y, Ni J, Li GJ, Li LP, Xi SH, Chen SZ. Thiostrepton suppresses triple-negative breast cancer through downregulating c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:945-954. [PMID: 38634704 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2343420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Thiostrepton exerts anti-tumor activities against several cancers including TNBC. Herein we discussed the new molecular mechanisms of thiostrepton in TNBC. Thiostrepton inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, accompanied by a decrease of c-FLIP and p-SMAD2/3. c-FLIP overexpression reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton, while SMAD2/3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton. Moreover, c-FLIP overexpression significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 proteins and vice versa. In conclusion, our study reveals c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway as a novel mechanism of antitumor activity of thiostrepton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Die Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gao-Jie Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuo-Han Xi
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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3
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Duan XP, Qin BD, Jiao XD, Liu K, Wang Z, Zang YS. New clinical trial design in precision medicine: discovery, development and direction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38438349 PMCID: PMC10912713 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, it has been increasingly recognized that individuals with a certain disease are complex and different from each other. Due to the underestimation of the significant heterogeneity across participants in traditional "one-size-fits-all" trials, patient-centered trials that could provide optimal therapy customization to individuals with specific biomarkers were developed including the basket, umbrella, and platform trial designs under the master protocol framework. In recent years, the successive FDA approval of indications based on biomarker-guided master protocol designs has demonstrated that these new clinical trials are ushering in tremendous opportunities. Despite the rapid increase in the number of basket, umbrella, and platform trials, the current clinical and research understanding of these new trial designs, as compared with traditional trial designs, remains limited. The majority of the research focuses on methodologies, and there is a lack of in-depth insight concerning the underlying biological logic of these new clinical trial designs. Therefore, we provide this comprehensive review of the discovery and development of basket, umbrella, and platform trials and their underlying logic from the perspective of precision medicine. Meanwhile, we discuss future directions on the potential development of these new clinical design in view of the "Precision Pro", "Dynamic Precision", and "Intelligent Precision". This review would assist trial-related researchers to enhance the innovation and feasibility of clinical trial designs by expounding the underlying logic, which be essential to accelerate the progression of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Dong Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Spasić J. Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38258065 PMCID: PMC10818982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer development and invasiveness such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Due to its ability to remove misfolded proteins, induce autophagy, and regulate unfolded protein response, HDAC6 plays a protective role in responses to stress and enables tumor cell survival. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of HDCA6 and its implications for the therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As HDAC6 is overexpressed in CRC, correlates with poor disease prognosis, and is not essential for normal mammalian development, it represents a good therapeutic target. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs growth and progression without inducing major adverse events in experimental animals. In CRC, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to reduce tumor progression and enhance the therapeutic effect of other drugs. As HDAC6 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to improve antitumor immunity by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, augmenting immune cell activity, and alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors may represent promising candidates to improve the effect of and overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Spasić
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Merati A, Kotian S, Acton A, Placzek W, Smithberger E, Shelton AK, Miller CR, Stern JL. Glioma Stem Cells Are Sensitized to BCL-2 Family Inhibition by Compromising Histone Deacetylases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13688. [PMID: 37761989 PMCID: PMC10530722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease with an extremely high five-year recurrence rate. We studied apoptosis in glioma stem cells (GSCs) in response to HDAC inhibition (HDACi) combined with MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi) or BCL-2 family inhibitors. MEKi effectively combined with HDACi to suppress growth, induce cell cycle defects, and apoptosis, as well as to rescue the expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins BIM and BMF. A RNAseq analysis of GSCs revealed that HDACi repressed the pro-survival BCL-2 family genes MCL1 and BCL-XL. We therefore replaced MEKi with BCL-2 family inhibitors and observed enhanced apoptosis. Conversely, a ligand for the cancer stem cell receptor CD44 led to reductions in BMF, BIM, and apoptosis. Our data strongly support further testing of HDACi in combination with MEKi or BCL-2 family inhibitors in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Merati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Spandana Kotian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexus Acton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erin Smithberger
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Abigail K. Shelton
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Josh L. Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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6
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Sha Y, Pan M, Chen Y, Qiao L, Zhou H, Liu D, Zhang W, Wang K, Huang L, Tang N, Qiu J, Huang A, Xia J. PLEKHG5 is stabilized by HDAC2-related deacetylation and confers sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:176. [PMID: 37248230 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first FDA-approved first-line targeted drug for advanced HCC. However, resistance to sorafenib is frequently observed in clinical practice, and the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found that PLEKHG5 (pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G5), a RhoGEF, was highly upregulated in sorafenib-resistant cells. PLEKHG5 overexpression activated Rac1/AKT/NF-κB signaling and reduced sensitivity to sorafenib in HCC cells, while knockdown of PLEKHG5 increased sorafenib sensitivity. The increased PLEKHG5 was related to its acetylation level and protein stability. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) was found to directly interact with PLEKHG5 to deacetylate its lysine sites within the PH domain and consequently maintain its stability. Moreover, knockout of HDAC2 (HDAC2 KO) or selective HDAC2 inhibition reduced PLEKHG5 protein levels and thereby enhanced the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of PLEKHG5 in HDAC2 KO cells reduced the sensitivity to sorafenib. Our work showed a novel mechanism: HDAC2-mediated PLEKHG5 posttranslational modification maintains sorafenib resistance. This is a proof-of-concept study on targeting HDAC2 and PLEKHG5 in sorafenib-treated HCC patients as a new pharmaceutical intervention for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mingang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yunmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianguo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Rai SK, Marverti G, Gunnam A, Allu S, Nangia AK. Dabrafenib-Panobinostat Salt: Improving the Dissolution Rate and Inhibition of BRAF Melanoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18255-18265. [PMID: 37251170 PMCID: PMC10210236 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of the drug-drug salt-cocrystal of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat (PAN) and b-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) inhibitor dabrafenib (DBF) afforded single crystals of a two-drug salt stabilized by N+-H···O and N+-H···N- hydrogen bonds between the ionized panobinostat ammonium donor and dabrafenib sulfonamide anion acceptor in a 12-member ring motif. A faster dissolution rate for both drugs was achieved through the salt combination compared to the individual drugs in an aqueous acidic medium. The dissolution rate exhibited a peak concentration (Cmax) of approximately 310 mg cm-2 min-1 for PAN and 240 mg cm-2 min-1 for DBF at a Tmax of less than 20 min under gastric pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl) compared to the pure drug dissolution values of 10 and 80 mg cm-2 min-1, respectively. The novel and fast-dissolving salt DBF-·PAN+ was analyzed in BRAFV600E melanoma cells Sk-Mel28. DBF-·PAN+ reduced the dose-response from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations and lowered IC50 (21.9 ± 7.2 nM) by half compared to PAN alone (45.3 ± 12.0 nM). The enhanced dissolution and lower survival rate of melanoma cells show the potential of novel DBF-·PAN+ salt in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Rai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Lucknow, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaetano Marverti
- Department
of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anilkumar Gunnam
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
| | - Suryanarayana Allu
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
| | - Ashwini K. Nangia
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
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8
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BET inhibitors synergize with sunitinib in melanoma through GDF15 suppression. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:364-376. [PMID: 36720918 PMCID: PMC9981764 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins has shown a promising therapeutic effect on melanoma. The development of strategies to better kill melanoma cells with BET inhibitor treatment may provide new clinical applications. Here, we used a drug synergy screening approach to combine JQ1 with 240 antitumor drugs from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library and found that sunitinib synergizes with BET inhibitors in melanoma cells. We further demonstrated that BET inhibitors synergize with sunitinib in melanoma by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, BET inhibitors sensitize melanoma cells to sunitinib by inhibiting GDF15 expression. Strikingly, GDF15 is transcriptionally regulated directly by BRD4 or indirectly by the BRD4/IL6/STAT3 axis. Xenograft assays revealed that the combination of BET inhibitors with sunitinib causes melanoma suppression in vivo. Altogether, these findings suggest that BET inhibitor-mediated GDF15 inhibition plays a critical role in enhancing sunitinib sensitivity in melanoma, indicating that BET inhibitors synergize with sunitinib in melanoma.
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Mani N, Daiya A, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S. Epigenetic adaptations in drug-tolerant tumor cells. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:293-335. [PMID: 36990535 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy against cancer is often severely hampered by acquired resistance to the drug. Epigenetic alterations and other mechanisms like drug efflux, drug metabolism, and engagement of survival pathways are crucial in evading drug pressure. Herein, growing evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells can often tolerate drug onslaught by entering a "persister" state with minimal proliferation. The molecular features of these persister cells are gradually unraveling. Notably, the "persisters" act as a cache of cells that can eventually re-populate the tumor post-withdrawal drug pressure and contribute to acquiring stable drug-resistant features. This underlines the clinical significance of the tolerant cells. Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of modulation of the epigenome as a critical adaptive strategy for evading drug pressure. Chromatin remodeling, altered DNA methylation, and de-regulation of non-coding RNA expression and function contribute significantly to this persister state. No wonder targeting adaptive epigenetic modifications is increasingly recognized as an appropriate therapeutic strategy to sensitize them and restore drug sensitivity. Furthermore, manipulating the tumor microenvironment and "drug holiday" is also explored to maneuver the epigenome. However, heterogeneity in adaptive strategies and lack of targeted therapies have significantly hindered the translation of epigenetic therapy to the clinics. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the epigenetic alterations adapted by the drug-tolerant cells, the therapeutic strategies employed to date, and their limitations and future prospects.
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10
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Liu M, Gao S, Liang T, Qiu X, Yang X, Fang H, Hou X. Discovery of Novel Src Homology-2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 and Histone Deacetylase Dual Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Efficacy and Enhanced Antitumor Immunity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12200-12218. [PMID: 36097406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) are important oncoproteins and potential immunomodulators. In this study, we first observed a synergistic antiproliferation effect of an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor (SHP099) and HDAC inhibitor (SAHA) in MV4-11 cells. Inspired by this result, a series of SHP2/HDAC dual inhibitors were designed based on the pharmacophore fusion strategy. Among these inhibitors, the most potent compound 8t showed excellent inhibitory activities against SHP2 (IC50 = 20.4 nM) and HDAC1 (IC50 = 25.3 nM). In particular, compound 8t exhibited improved antitumor activities compared with those of SHP099 and SAHA in vitro and in vivo. Our study also indicated that treatment with 8t could trigger efficient antitumor immunity by activating T cells, enhancing the antigen presentation function and promoting cytokine secretion. To our knowledge, we report the first small molecular SHP2/HDAC dual inhibitor and demonstrate a new strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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11
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Li Y, Huang Y, Cheng H, Xu F, Qi R, Dai B, Yang Y, Tu Z, Peng L, Zhang Z. Discovery of BRAF/HDAC Dual Inhibitors Suppressing Proliferation of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:910353. [PMID: 35936102 PMCID: PMC9354042 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.910353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of histone deacetylase inhibitor and BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) has been shown to enhance the antineoplastic effect and reduce the progress of BRAFi resistance. In this study, a series of (thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-N-hydroxyalkanamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel dual inhibitors of BRAF and HDACs using a pharmacophore hybrid strategy. In particular, compound 14b possessed potent activities against BRAF, HDAC1, and HDAC6 enzymes. It potently suppressed the proliferation of HT-29 cells harboring BRAFV600E mutation as well as HCT116 cells with wild-type BRAF. The dual inhibition against BRAF and HDAC downstream proteins was validated in both cells. Collectively, the results support 14b as a promising lead molecule for further development and a useful tool for studying the effects of BRAF/HDAC dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjun Li, ; Zhang Zhang, ; Lijie Peng,
| | - Yongjun Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- XtalPi Inc., (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruxi Qi
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Botao Dai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujian Yang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Peng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjun Li, ; Zhang Zhang, ; Lijie Peng,
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjun Li, ; Zhang Zhang, ; Lijie Peng,
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12
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Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050775. [PMID: 35269397 PMCID: PMC8909581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
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13
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Hou P, Wang YA. Conquering oncogenic KRAS and its bypass mechanisms. Theranostics 2022; 12:5691-5709. [PMID: 35966590 PMCID: PMC9373815 DOI: 10.7150/thno.71260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of KRAS signaling is common in cancer, which has catalyzed heroic drug development efforts to target KRAS directly or its downstream signaling effectors. Recent works have yielded novel small molecule drugs with promising preclinical and clinical activities. Yet, no matter how a cancer is addicted to a specific target - cancer's genetic and biological plasticity fashions a variety of resistance mechanisms as a fait accompli, limiting clinical benefit of targeted interventions. Knowledge of these mechanisms may inform combination strategies to attack both oncogenic KRAS and subsequent bypass mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hou
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.,Lead contact
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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Ivanisenko NV, Seyrek K, Hillert-Richter LK, König C, Espe J, Bose K, Lavrik IN. Regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling by c-FLIP: towards targeting cancer networks. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:190-209. [PMID: 34973957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic pathway is mediated by death receptors (DRs), including CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or TRAILR-1/2. Defects in apoptosis regulation lead to cancer and other malignancies. The master regulator of the DR networks is the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). In addition to its key role in apoptosis, c-FLIP may exert other cellular functions, including control of necroptosis, pyroptosis, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and tumorigenesis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP action in cancer networks, we focus on the structure, isoforms, interactions, and post-translational modifications of c-FLIP. We also discuss various avenues to target c-FLIP in cancer cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert-Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Espe
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kakoli Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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15
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Liu S, Zou Q, Chen JP, Yao X, Guan P, Liang W, Deng P, Lai X, Yin J, Chen J, Chen R, Yu Z, Xiao R, Sun Y, Hong JH, Liu H, Lu H, Chen J, Bei JX, Koh J, Chan JY, Wang B, Kang T, Yu Q, Teh BT, Liu J, Xiong Y, Tan J. Targeting enhancer reprogramming to mitigate MEK inhibitor resistance in preclinical models of advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e145035. [PMID: 34464356 DOI: 10.1172/jci145035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), highlighting the importance of targeting the MAPK pathway as an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of MEK inhibitors is limited by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Here, we established patient-derived ovarian cancer models resistant to MEK inhibitors and demonstrated that resistance to the clinically approved MEK inhibitor trametinib was associated with enhancer reprogramming. We also showed that enhancer decommissioning induced the downregulation of negative regulators of the MAPK pathway, leading to constitutive ERK activation and acquired resistance to trametinib. Epigenetic compound screening uncovered that HDAC inhibitors could alter the enhancer reprogramming and upregulate the expression of MAPK negative regulators, resulting in sustained MAPK inhibition and reversal of trametinib resistance. Consequently, a combination of HDAC inhibitor and trametinib demonstrated a synergistic antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo, including patient-derived xenograft mouse models. These findings demonstrated that enhancer reprogramming of the MAPK regulatory pathway might serve as a potential mechanism underlying MAPK inhibitor resistance and concurrent targeting of epigenetic pathways and MAPK signaling might provide an effective treatment strategy for advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shini Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Ping Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosai Yao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Weiting Liang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Lai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hui Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiwu Lu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Joanna Koh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baohua Wang
- The First Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bin-Tean Teh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jihong Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Luo M, Yang X, Chen HN, Nice EC, Huang C. Drug resistance in colorectal cancer: An epigenetic overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188623. [PMID: 34481016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant progress that has been made in therapies against CRC over the past decades, drug resistance is still a major limitation in CRC treatment. Numerous investigations have unequivocally shown that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in CRC drug resistance because of the high rate of epigenetic alterations in multiple genes during cancer development or drug treatment. Furthermore, the reversibility of epigenetic alterations provides novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance using small molecules, which can target non-coding RNAs or reverse histone modification and DNA methylation. In this review, we discuss epigenetic regulation in CRC drug resistance and the possible role of preventing or reversing CRC drug resistance using epigenetic therapy in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Canhua Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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17
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Khawaja H, Campbell A, Roberts JZ, Javadi A, O'Reilly P, McArt D, Allen WL, Majkut J, Rehm M, Bardelli A, Di Nicolantonio F, Scott CJ, Kennedy R, Vitale N, Harrison T, Sansom OJ, Longley DB, Evergren E, Van Schaeybroeck S. RALB GTPase: a critical regulator of DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitivity in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:930. [PMID: 33122623 PMCID: PMC7596570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutant (MT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is resistant to MEK1/2 inhibition and remains a difficult-to-treat group. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel treatment options for RASMT mCRC. RALA and RALB GTPases function downstream of RAS and have been found to be key regulators of several cell functions implicated in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. However, their role as regulators of the apoptotic machinery remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that inhibition of RALB expression, but not RALA, resulted in Caspase-8-dependent cell death in KRASMT CRC cells, which was not further increased following MEK1/2 inhibition. Proteomic analysis and mechanistic studies revealed that RALB depletion induced a marked upregulation of the pro-apoptotic cell surface TRAIL Death Receptor 5 (DR5) (also known as TRAIL-R2), primarily through modulating DR5 protein lysosomal degradation. Moreover, DR5 knockdown or knockout attenuated siRALB-induced apoptosis, confirming the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway as a regulator of siRALB-induced cell death. Importantly, TRAIL treatment resulted in the association of RALB with the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) and targeting RALB using pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi approaches triggered a potent increase in TRAIL-induced cell death in KRASMT CRC cells. Significantly, high RALB mRNA levels were found in the poor prognostic Colorectal Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes (CRIS)-B CRC subgroup. Collectively, this study provides to our knowledge the first evidence for a role for RALB in apoptotic priming and suggests that RALB inhibition may be a promising strategy to improve response to TRAIL treatment in poor prognostic RASMT CRIS-B CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Khawaja
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jamie Z Roberts
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Arman Javadi
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Darragh McArt
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Wendy L Allen
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
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18
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Chang TC, Matossian MD, Elliott S, Burks HE, Sabol RA, Ucar DA, Wathieu H, Zabaleta J, Valle LD, Gill S, Martin E, Riker AI, Miele L, Bunnell BA, Burow ME, Collins-Burow BM. Evaluation of deacetylase inhibition in metaplastic breast carcinoma using multiple derivations of preclinical models of a new patient-derived tumor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226464. [PMID: 33035223 PMCID: PMC7546483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a clinically aggressive and rare subtype of breast cancer, with similar features to basal-like breast cancers. Due to rapid growth rates and characteristic heterogeneity, MBC is often unresponsive to standard chemotherapies; and novel targeted therapeutic discovery is urgently needed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (DACi) suppress tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition axis in various cancers, including basal-like breast cancers. We utilized a new MBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) to examine the effect of DACi therapy on MBC. Cell morphology, cell cycle-associated gene expressions, transwell migration, and metastasis were evaluated in patient-derived cells and tumors after treatment with romidepsin and panobinostat. Derivations of our PDX model, including cells, spheres, organoids, explants, and in vivo implanted tumors were treated. Finally, we tested the effects of combining DACi with approved chemotherapeutics on relative cell biomass. DACi significantly suppressed the total number of lung metastasis in vivo using our PDX model, suggesting a role for DACi in preventing circulating tumor cells from seeding distal tissue sites. These data were supported by our findings that DACi reduced cell migration, populations, and expression of mesenchymal-associated genes. While DACi treatment did affect cell cycle-regulating genes in vitro, tumor growth was not affected compared to controls. Importantly, gene expression results varied depending on the cellular or tumor system used, emphasizing the importance of using multiple derivations of cancer models in preclinical therapeutic discovery research. Furthermore, DACi sensitized and produced a synergistic effect with approved oncology therapeutics on inherently resistant MBC. This study introduced a role for DACi in suppressing the migratory and mesenchymal phenotype of MBC cells through regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis and suppression of the CTC population. Preliminary evidence that DACi treatment in combination with MEK1/2 inhibitors exerts a synergistic effect on MBC cells was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TCC); (BMCB)
| | - Margarite D. Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hope E. Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Sabol
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Deniz A. Ucar
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Henri Wathieu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Luis De Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sukhmani Gill
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Adam I. Riker
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TCC); (BMCB)
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19
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Ferris J, Espona-Fiedler M, Hamilton C, Holohan C, Crawford N, McIntyre AJ, Roberts JZ, Wappett M, McDade SS, Longley DB, Coyle V. Pevonedistat (MLN4924): mechanism of cell death induction and therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:61. [PMID: 32714568 PMCID: PMC7374701 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pevonedistat (MLN4924), a selective inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit (NAE1), has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in several malignancies. Although multiple mechanisms-of-action have been identified, how MLN4924 induces cell death and its potential as a combinatorial agent with standard-of-care (SoC) chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely undefined. In an effort to understand MLN4924-induced cell death in CRC, we identified p53 as an important mediator of the apoptotic response to MLN4924. We also identified roles for the extrinsic (TRAIL-R2/caspase-8) and intrinsic (BAX/BAK) apoptotic pathways in mediating the apoptotic effects of MLN4924 in CRC cells, as well as a role for BID, which modulates a cross-talk between these pathways. Depletion of the anti-apoptotic protein FLIP, which we identify as a novel mediator of resistance to MLN4924, enhanced apoptosis in a p53-, TRAIL-R2/DR5-, and caspase-8-dependent manner. Notably, TRAIL-R2 was involved in potentiating the apoptotic response to MLN4924 in the absence of FLIP, in a ligand-independent manner. Moreoever, when paired with SoC chemotherapies, MLN4924 demonstrated synergy with the irinotecan metabolite SN38. The cell death induced by MLN4924/SN38 combination was dependent on activation of mitochondria through BAX/BAK, but in a p53-independent manner, an important observation given the high frequency of TP53 mutation(s) in advanced CRC. These results uncover mechanisms of cell death induced by MLN4924 and suggest that this second-generation proteostasis-disrupting agent may have its most widespread activity in CRC, in combination with irinotecan-containing treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferris
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Margarita Espona-Fiedler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Claudia Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Caitriona Holohan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Alex J. McIntyre
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Jamie Z. Roberts
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Mark Wappett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Simon S. McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
| | - Victoria Coyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL UK
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20
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Roberts JZ, Holohan C, Sessler T, Fox J, Crawford N, Riley JS, Khawaja H, Majkut J, Evergren E, Humphreys LM, Ferris J, Higgins C, Espona-Fiedler M, Moynagh P, McDade SS, Longley DB. The SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex modulates TRAIL-R2-induced apoptosis by regulating FLIP(L). Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2726-2741. [PMID: 32313199 PMCID: PMC7429845 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL-R2 (DR5) is a clinically-relevant therapeutic target and a key target for immune effector cells. Herein, we identify a novel interaction between TRAIL-R2 and the Skp1-Cullin-1-F-box (SCF) Cullin-Ring E3 Ubiquitin Ligase complex containing Skp2 (SCFSkp2). We find that SCFSkp2 can interact with both TRAIL-R2’s pre-ligand association complex (PLAC) and ligand-activated death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). Moreover, Cullin-1 interacts with TRAIL-R2 in its active NEDDylated form. Inhibiting Cullin-1’s DISC recruitment using the NEDDylation inhibitor MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) or siRNA increased apoptosis induction in response to TRAIL. This correlated with enhanced levels of the caspase-8 regulator FLIP at the TRAIL-R2 DISC, particularly the long splice form, FLIP(L). We subsequently found that FLIP(L) (but not FLIP(S), caspase-8, nor the other core DISC component FADD) interacts with Cullin-1 and Skp2. Importantly, this interaction is enhanced when FLIP(L) is in its DISC-associated, C-terminally truncated p43-form. Prevention of FLIP(L) processing to its p43-form stabilises the protein, suggesting that by enhancing its interaction with SCFSkp2, cleavage to the p43-form is a critical step in FLIP(L) turnover. In support of this, we found that silencing any of the components of the SCFSkp2 complex inhibits FLIP ubiquitination, while overexpressing Cullin-1/Skp2 enhances its ubiquitination in a NEDDylation-dependent manner. DISC recruitment of TRAF2, previously identified as an E3 ligase for caspase-8 at the DISC, was also enhanced when Cullin-1’s recruitment was inhibited, although its interaction with Cullin-1 was found to be mediated indirectly via FLIP(L). Notably, the interaction of p43-FLIP(L) with Cullin-1 disrupts its ability to interact with FADD, caspase-8 and TRAF2. Collectively, our results suggest that processing of FLIP(L) to p43-FLIP(L) at the TRAIL-R2 DISC enhances its interaction with co-localised SCFSkp2, leading to disruption of p43-FLIP(L)’s interactions with other DISC components and promoting its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby modulating TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Z Roberts
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Caitriona Holohan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer Fox
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joel S Riley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Hajrah Khawaja
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Luke M Humphreys
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferris
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Higgins
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Paul Moynagh
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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21
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Targeting MAPK Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031102. [PMID: 32046099 PMCID: PMC7037308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in modulating drug sensitivity and resistance in cancer. We briefly discuss new findings in the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, but mainly focus on the mechanisms how stress activated MAPK pathways, such as p38 MAPK and the Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies. In this context, we also discuss the role of metabolic and epigenetic aberrations and new therapeutic opportunities arising from these changes.
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22
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Morel D, Jeffery D, Aspeslagh S, Almouzni G, Postel-Vinay S. Combining epigenetic drugs with other therapies for solid tumours - past lessons and future promise. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:91-107. [PMID: 31570827 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has long been recognized as a key factor contributing to tumorigenesis and tumour maintenance that can influence all of the recognized hallmarks of cancer. Despite regulatory approvals for the treatment of certain haematological malignancies, the efficacy of the first generation of epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) in patients with solid tumours has been disappointing; however, successes have now been achieved in selected solid tumour subtypes, thanks to the development of novel compounds and a better understanding of cancer biology that have enabled precision medicine approaches. Several lines of evidence support that, beyond their potential as monotherapies, epigenetic drugs could have important roles in synergy with other anticancer therapies or in reversing acquired therapy resistance. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which epi-drugs can modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to other forms of anticancer therapy, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We provide a critical appraisal of the preclinical rationale, completed clinical studies and ongoing clinical trials relating to combination therapies incorporating epi-drugs. Finally, we propose and discuss rational clinical trial designs and drug development strategies, considering key factors including patient selection, tumour biomarker evaluation, drug scheduling and response assessment and study end points, with the aim of optimizing the development of such combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Morel
- ATIP-Avenir Group, UMR981, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Jeffery
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit - UMR3664, National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit - UMR3664, National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- ATIP-Avenir Group, UMR981, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
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23
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Li MM, Liu XH, Zhao YC, Ma XY, Zhou YC, Zhao YX, Liu XY. Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by regulating miR-296-5p/Bax axis. FEBS J 2019; 287:561-577. [PMID: 31433907 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of multiple cellular processes such as cell invasion, growth, apoptosis and differentiation. LncRNAs can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) which sponge and sequester microRNA (miRNA) to regulate specific targets. Previously, we found that the target genes of several miRNAs, including FADD, Fas, Casp and Bax, are related to neuronal apoptosis and form a regulatory network. Among several factors, microRNA-296-5p expression was found to be negatively correlated with caspase activity and apoptosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-296-5p in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. By performing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and flow cytometry assays we analysed the expression of apoptotic markers in NB cells transfected with miR-296-5p mimics or inhibitor. Pathway-specific PCR array allowed us to identify the target genes of miR-296-5p. Using LncBase online tool, we predicted lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) as an upstream regulator of miR-296-5p. The binding of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-296-5p was validated via RNA immunoprecipitation and Biotin pull-down assays. We also demonstrate that miR-296-5p suppresses apoptosis of NB cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-296-5p directly bound the 3'UTR of Bax mRNA, thus repressing Bax at the mRNA and protein level. Moreover, through bioinformatic analysis and molecular experiments, we showed that KCNQ1OT1 sponged miR-296-5p and impaired its effect on NB cell apoptosis. In summary, KCNQ1OT1 is a potent promoting factor of cell apoptosis, which acts by sponging miR-296-5p and upregulating Bax. Our findings identify a regulatory axis of cell fate in NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Thakuri PS, Gupta M, Joshi R, Singh S, Tavana H. Synergistic Inhibition of Kinase Pathways Overcomes Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Spheroids to Cyclic Targeted Therapies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:275-284. [PMID: 32259061 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often adapt to single-agent treatments with chemotherapeutics. Activation of alternative survival pathways is a major mechanism of drug resistance. A potential approach to block this feedback signaling is using combination treatments of a pair of drugs, although toxicity has been a limiting factor. Preclinical tumor models to identify mechanisms of drug resistance and determine low but effective combination doses are critical to effectively suppress tumor growth with reduced toxicity to patients. Using our aqueous two-phase system microtechnology, we developed colorectal tumor spheroids in high-throughput and evaluated resistance of cancer cells to three mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in long-term cyclic treatments. Our quantitative analysis showed that the efficacy of MAPKi significantly reduced over time, leading to an increase in proliferation of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and growth of spheroids. We established that resistance was due to feedback activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Using high-throughput, dose-dependent combinations of each MAPKi and a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, we identified low-dose, synergistic combinations that blocked resistance to MAPKi and effectively suppressed the growth of colorectal tumor spheroids in long-term treatments. Our approach to study drug resistance offers the potential to determine high priority treatments to test in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Arts and Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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25
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Li M, Liu F, Zhang F, Zhou W, Jiang X, Yang Y, Qu K, Wang Y, Ma Q, Wang T, Bai L, Wang Z, Song X, Zhu Y, Yuan R, Gao Y, Liu Y, Jin Y, Li H, Xiang S, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Hu Y, Hao Y, Lu W, Chen S, Gu J, Zhou J, Gong W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liu C, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu Y. Genomic ERBB2/ ERBB3 mutations promote PD-L1-mediated immune escape in gallbladder cancer: a whole-exome sequencing analysis. Gut 2019; 68:1024-1033. [PMID: 29954840 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) lack effective treatment methods largely due to the inadequacy of both molecular characterisation and potential therapeutic targets. We previously uncovered a spectrum of genomic alterations and identified recurrent mutations in the ErbB pathway in GBC. Here, we aimed to study recurrent mutations of genes and pathways in a larger cohort of patients with GBC and investigate the potential mechanisms and clinical significance of these mutations. DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 157 patients with GBC. Functional experiments were applied in GBC cell lines to explore the oncogenic roles of ERBB2/ERBB3 hotspot mutations, their correlation with PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanisms. ERBB inhibitors and a PD-L1 blocker were used to evaluate the anticancer activities in co-culture systems in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS WES identified ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations at a frequency of 7%-8% in the expanded cohort, and patients with ERBB2/ERBB3 mutations exhibited poorer prognoses. A set of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed increased proliferation/migration on ERBB2/ERBB3 mutation. Ectopic expression of ERBB2/ERBB3 mutants upregulated PD-L1 expression in GBC cells, effectively suppressed normal T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro through activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and contributed to the growth and progression of GBC in vivo. Treatment with an ERBB2/ERBB3 inhibitor or a PD-L1 monoclonal antibody reversed these immunosuppressive effects, and combined therapy revealed promising therapeutic activities. CONCLUSIONS ERBB2/ERBB3 mutations may serve as useful biomarkers in identifying patients who are sensitive to ERBB2/ERBB3 inhibitors and PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02442414;Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
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26
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Chao MW, Chang LH, Tu HJ, Chang CD, Lai MJ, Chen YY, Liou JP, Teng CM, Pan SL. Combination treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer involving the novel HDAC inhibitor MPT0E028 with a MEK inhibitor beyond K-Ras status. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:85. [PMID: 31142371 PMCID: PMC6540419 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic K-Ras signaling highly relies on the canonical Ras/MEK/ERK pathway to contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. However, numerous efforts of MEK inhibitors have failed to provide an optimal antitumor effect for pancreatic cancer in practice. The aim of the present work was to develop a more efficacious therapeutic intervention for MEK inhibitors through combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MPT0E028. METHODS The effects of combined therapy on cell viability, apoptosis, protein, and RNA expressions were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and quantitative PCR analysis. The AsPC-1 xenograft was used to assess antitumor effects in vivo. RESULTS The co-administration of MPT0E028 and MEK inhibitor yielded synergistic effects on cell viability suppression both in K-Ras mutated and wild-type pancreatic cancer cells and also markedly triggered cell apoptosis. Surprisingly, ERK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were activated by the long-term and low-concentration treatment of MPT0E028 or another HDAC inhibitor alone. Whereas, the pharmacological attenuation of ERK signaling dramatically abolished the MPTE028-induced p-ERK and EGFR expression. Overexpression of HDAC4, HDAC6, and MEK, respectively, reversed the cell death induced by the combined treatment. Finally, the combined treatment decreased the tumor volume in an AsPC-1 xenograft model compared to each individual treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic anti-survival effect of the combination was suggested to occur via compensation of the MEK inhibitor for activated ERK. Our results indicate that this combination strategy could benefit patients with pancreatic cancer beyond K-Ras status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Tu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Di Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,The Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Safa AR, Kamocki K, Saadatzadeh MR, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K. c-FLIP, a Novel Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis, Immunosuppression, Alzheimer's Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and a Rationale Therapeutic Target. BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 32352084 PMCID: PMC7189798 DOI: 10.36648/2472-1646.5.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of c-FLIP (cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein) has been shown in several diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). c-FLIP is a critical anti-cell death protein often overexpressed in tumors and hematological malignancies and its increased expression is often associated with a poor prognosis. c-FLIP frequently exists as long (c-FLIPL) and short (c-FLIPS) isoforms, regulates its anti-cell death functions through binding to FADD (FAS associated death domain protein), an adaptor protein known to activate caspases-8 and -10 and links c-FLIP to several cell death regulating complexes including the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formed by various death receptors. c-FLIP also plays a critical role in necroptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, c-FLIP is able to activate several pathways involved in cytoprotection, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells through various critical signaling proteins. Additionally, c-FLIP can inhibit cell death induced by several chemotherapeutics, anti-cancer small molecule inhibitors, and ionizing radiation. Moreover, c-FLIP plays major roles in aiding the survival of immunosuppressive tumor-promoting immune cells and functions in inflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, c-FLIP can serve as a versatile biomarker for cancer prognosis, a diagnostic marker for several diseases, and an effective therapeutic target. In this article, we review the functions of c-FLIP as an anti-apoptotic protein and negative prognostic factor in human cancers, and its roles in resistance to anticancer drugs, necroptosis and autophagy, immunosuppression, Alzheimer's disease, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kamocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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28
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Shahi Thakuri P, Luker GD, Tavana H. Cyclical Treatment of Colorectal Tumor Spheroids Induces Resistance to MEK Inhibitors. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:404-416. [PMID: 30550927 PMCID: PMC6299152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of colorectal cancers. Physiologic tumor models of drug resistance are crucial to understand mechanisms of treatment failure and improve therapy by developing new therapeutics and treatment strategies. Using our aqueous two-phase system microtechnology, we developed colorectal tumor spheroids and periodically treated them with sub-lethal concentrations of three Mitogen Activated Kinase inhibitors (MEKi) used in clinical trials. We used long-term, periodic treatment and recovery of spheroids to mimic cycles of clinical chemotherapy and implemented a growth rate metric to quantitatively assess efficacy of the MEKi during treatment. Our results showed that efficacy of the MEKi significantly reduced with increased treatment cycles. Using a comprehensive molecular analysis, we established that resistance of colorectal tumor spheroids to the MEKi developed through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We also showed that other potential feedback mechanisms, such as STAT3 activation or amplified B-RAF, did not account for resistance to the MEKi. We combined each of the three MEKi with a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and showed that the combination treatments synergistically blocked resistance to the MEKi. Importantly, and unlike the individual inhibitors, we demonstrated that synergistic concentrations of combinations of MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors effectively inhibited growth of colorectal tumor spheroids in long-term treatments. This proof-of-concept study to model treatment-induced drug resistance of cancer cells using 3D cultures offers a unique approach to identify underlying molecular mechanisms and develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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29
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Alkurdi L, Virard F, Vanbervliet B, Weber K, Toscano F, Bonnin M, Le Stang N, Lantuejoul S, Micheau O, Renno T, Lebecque S, Estornes Y. Release of c-FLIP brake selectively sensitizes human cancer cells to TLR3-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:874. [PMID: 30158588 PMCID: PMC6115461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediates innate immune responses by sensing viral dsRNA, but also induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. Our analysis by immunohistochemistry revealed that TLR3 is frequently overexpressed in 130 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' samples compared with normal bronchial epithelium (P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test), supporting the therapeutic potential of TLR3 ligand for this type of cancer. However, a proportion of TLR3-expressing cancer cell lines, including NSCLC, remain resistant to TLR3-mediated apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism of resistance remains unclear. We here investigated the molecular basis conferring resistance to non-transformed vs. transformed cells against TLR3-mediated cell death. In non-transformed epithelial cells cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and cellular Inhibitor of APoptosis (cIAPs) ubiquitin ligases exerted an efficient double brake on apoptosis signaling. In contrast, releasing only one of these two brakes was sufficient to overcome the resistance of 8/8 cancer cell lines tested. Remarkably, the release of the c-FLIP, but not cIAPs, brake only results in the sensitization of all human cancer cells to TLR3-mediated apoptosis. Taking advantage of the difference between transformed and non-transformed cells, we developed a rational strategy by combining the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, which decreases c-FLIP expression, with TLR3 ligand. This combination was highly synergistic for triggering apoptosis in cancer cells but not in non-transformed cells. In vivo, the combination of paclitaxel with dsRNA delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival in a mouse xenograft lung tumor model. In conclusion, combining the release of the c-FLIP brake with TLR3 ligand synergizes to selectively kill cancer cells, and could represent an efficient and safe therapy against TLR3-expressing cancers such as NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugain Alkurdi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - François Virard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Vanbervliet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Weber
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Toscano
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Bonnin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Nolwenn Le Stang
- Département de Biopathologie - Registre MESONAT, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, U1086 INSERM-UCBN « Cancer & Prévention », Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, INSERM U823, Institut A. Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR866, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Lebecque
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 69495, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Yann Estornes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.
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30
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Humphreys L, Espona-Fiedler M, Longley DB. FLIP as a therapeutic target in cancer. FEBS J 2018; 285:4104-4123. [PMID: 29806737 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the classic hallmarks of cancer is disruption of cell death signalling. Inhibition of cell death promotes tumour growth and metastasis, causes resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies as well as targeted agents, and is frequently due to overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins rather than loss of pro-apoptotic effectors. FLIP is a major apoptosis-regulatory protein frequently overexpressed in solid and haematological cancers, in which its high expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. FLIP, which is expressed as long (FLIP(L)) and short (FLIP(S)) splice forms, achieves its cell death regulatory functions by binding to FADD, a critical adaptor protein which links FLIP to the apical caspase in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, caspase-8, in a number of cell death regulating complexes, such as the death-inducing signalling complexes (DISCs) formed by death receptors. FLIP also plays a key role (together with caspase-8) in regulating another form of cell death termed programmed necrosis or 'necroptosis', as well as in other key cellular processes that impact cell survival, including autophagy. In addition, FLIP impacts activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway by regulating caspase-8-mediated activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bid. It has been demonstrated that FLIP can not only inhibit death receptor-mediated apoptosis, but also cell death induced by a range of clinically relevant chemotherapeutic and targeted agents as well as ionizing radiation. More recently, key roles for FLIP in promoting the survival of immunosuppressive tumour-promoting immune cells have been discovered. Thus, FLIP is of significant interest as an anticancer therapeutic target. In this article, we review FLIP's biology and potential ways of targeting this important tumour and immune cell death regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Humphreys
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Margarita Espona-Fiedler
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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31
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Anestis A, Zoi I, Karamouzis MV. Current advances of targeting HGF/c-Met pathway in gastric cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:247. [PMID: 30069449 PMCID: PMC6046293 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in systemic chemotherapy, gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths with poor prognosis. The heterogeneity of GC indicates that novel biomarkers should be established in order to further classify tumors and develop individual targeted therapies. High-quality preclinical and clinical research has demonstrated that growth factor (HGF)-hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) pathway plays a pivotal role on the growth, survival and invasiveness of GC. In particular, aberrant activation of HGF/c-Met signaling pathway has been associated with poor clinical outcomes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of c-Met. This has stimulated the development and evaluation of a number of c-Met targeted agents in an advance disease setting. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art in the advances on the inhibition of c-Met pathway, with particular emphasis on the clinical testing of c-Met targeted therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges facing the incorporation of c-Met targeted agents in randomized trials, with the idea that the definition of the appropriate genetic and molecular context for the use of these agents remains the priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Anestis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Zoi
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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32
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Gong P, Li K, Li Y, Liu D, Zhao L, Jing Y. HDAC and Ku70 axis- an effective target for apoptosis induction by a new 2-cyano-3-oxo-1,9-dien glycyrrhetinic acid analogue. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:623. [PMID: 29795376 PMCID: PMC5967349 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18β-olean-1,9(11)-dien-30-oate (CDODO-Me, 10d) derived from glycyrrhetinic acid and methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me) derived from oleanoic acid are potent apoptosis inducers developed to clinical trials. Both compounds have high affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH), which needs to be overcome to improve their target selectivity. We generated a new 10d analogue methyl 2-cyano-3-oxo-18β-olean-1,9(11), 12-trien-30-oate (COOTO, 10e), which retains high apoptosis inducing ability, while displaying decreased affinity for GSH, and explored the acting targets. We found that it induces Noxa level, reduces c-Flip level and causes Bax/Bak activation. Silencing of either Noxa or Bak significantly attenuated apoptosis induction of 10e. We linked these events due to targeting HDAC3/HDAC6 and Ku70 axis. 10e treatment reduced the levels of HDAC3 and HDAC6 with increased DNA damage/repair marker gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX) and acetylated Ku70. c-Flip dissociates from acetylated Ku70 undergoing degradation, while Bax dissociates from acetylated Ku70 undergoing activation. Silencing of either HDAC3 or HDAC6 enhanced 10e-induced apoptosis. We reveal a new action cascade of this category of compounds that involves targeting of HADC3/6 proteins and Ku70 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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33
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Down‐regulation of intracellular anti‐apoptotic proteins, particularly c‐FLIP by therapeutic agents; the novel view to overcome resistance to TRAIL. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6470-6485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Su Y, Yu Y, He D, Zhang J, Wang Z, Sun P, Chen Z. Targeting STAT3 restores BRAF inhibitor sensitivity through miR-759-3p in human cutaneous melanoma cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2550-2560. [PMID: 31938368 PMCID: PMC6958307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma treatment with the BRAF V600E inhibitor vemurafenib provides therapeutic benefits, but the common emergence of drug resistance remains a challenge. To define molecular mechanisms of vemurafenib resistance, we generated A375-R, WM35-R cell lines resistant to vemurafenib and found that the p-STAT3 was upregulated in these cells in vitro and in vivo. In particular, activation of the STAT3 pathway was associated with vemurafenib resistance. Inhibition of this pathway with STAT3-specific siRNA (shRNA) sensitized A375-R, WM35-R cells to vemurafenib and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeting STAT3 induced expression of miR-579-3p and elicited resistance to vemurafenib. However, targeting miR-579-3p with anti- miR-579-3p reversed the resistance to vemurafenib. Together, these results indicate that STAT3-mediated downexpression of miR-579-3p caused resistance to vemurafenib. Our findings suggest novel approaches to overcome resistance to vemurafenib by combining vemurafenib with STAT3 silencing or miR-579-3p overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Su
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongying He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
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35
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N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 promotes oxaliplatin-triggered apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via enhancing the ubiquitination of Bcl-2. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47709-47724. [PMID: 28537875 PMCID: PMC5564599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene1 (NDRG1) has been identified as a potent tumor suppressor gene. The molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of NDRG1 involve its suppressive effects on a variety of tumorigenic signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NDRG1 in the apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We first collected the clinical data of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients receiving oxaliplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our medical center. Correlation analysis revealed that NDRG1 positively associated with the downstaging rates and prognosis of patients. Then, the effects of over-expression and depletion of NDRG1 gene on apoptosis of colorectal cancer were tested in vitro and in vivo. NDRG1 over-expression promoted apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells whereas depletion of NDRG1 resulted in resistance to oxaliplatin treatment. Furthermore, we observed that Bcl-2, a major anti-apoptotic protein, was regulated by NDRG1 at post-transcriptional level. By binding Protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a classical regulating factor of Bcl-2, NDRG1 enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of Bcl-2, thus promoting apoptosis in CRC cells. In addition, NDRG1 inhibited tumor growth and promoted apoptosis in mouse xenograft model. In conclusion, NDRG1 promotes oxaliplatin-triggered apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Therefore, colorectal cancer patients can be stratified by the expression level of NDRG1. NDRG1-positive patients may benefit from oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens whereas those with negative NDRG1 expression should avoid the usage of this cytotoxic drug.
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Liu J, Zeng W, Huang C, Wang J, Xu L, Ma D. Upregulation of c-mesenchymal epithelial transition expression and RAS mutations are associated with late lung metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4229-4242. [PMID: 29725370 PMCID: PMC5920233 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (C-MET) overexpression combined with RAS (including KRAS, NRAS and HRAS) or BRAF mutations were associated with late distant metastases and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 374 patients with stage III CRC were classified into 4 groups based on RAS/BRAF and C-MET status for comprehensive analysis. Mutations in RAS/BRAF were determined using Sanger sequencing and C-MET expression was examined using immunohistochemistry. The associations between RAS/BRAF mutations in combination with C-MET overexpression and clinicopathological variables including survival were evaluated. In addition, their predictive value for late distant metastases were statistically analyzed via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Among 374 patients, mutations in KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, BRAF and C-MET overexpression were observed in 43.9, 2.4, 0.3, 5.9 and 71.9% of cases, respectively. Considering RAS/BRAF mutations and C-MET overexpression, vascular invasion (P=0.001), high carcino-embryonic antigen level (P=0.031) and late distant metastases (P<0.001) were more likely to occur in patients of group 4. Furthermore, survival analyses revealed RAS/BRAF mutations may have a more powerful impact on survival than C-MET overexpression, although they were both predictive factors for adverse prognosis. Further logistic regression suggested that RAS/BRAF mutations and C-MET overexpression may predict late distant metastases. In conclusion, RAS/BRAF mutations and C-MET overexpression may serve as predictive indicators for metastatic behavior and poor prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Lishu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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37
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Du J, Wu J, Fu X, Tse AKW, Li T, Su T, Yu ZL. Icariside II overcomes TRAIL resistance of melanoma cells through ROS-mediated downregulation of STAT3/cFLIP signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52218-52229. [PMID: 27418138 PMCID: PMC5239546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor agent. However, many melanoma cells show weak responses to TRAIL. Here, we investigated whether Icariside II (IS), an active component of Herba Epimedii, could potentiate antitumor effects of TRAIL in melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were treated with IS and/or TRAIL and cell death, apoptosis and signal transduction were analyzed. We showed that IS promoted TRAIL-induced cell death and apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, IS reduced the expression levels of cFLIP in a phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3)-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of STAT3 abolished IS-induced cFLIP down-regulation and the associated potentiation of TRAIL-mediated cell death. Moreover, IS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production preceded down-regulation of pSTAT3/cFLIP via activating AKT, and the consequent sensitization of cells to TRAIL. We also found that IS treatment down-regulated cFLIP via ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway. In addition, IS converted TRAIL-resistant melanoma MeWo and SK-MEL-28 cells into TRAIL-sensitive cells. Taken together, our results indicated that IS potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated down-regulation of STAT3/cFLIP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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38
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Wu JY, Xiang S, Zhang M, Fang B, Huang H, Kwon OK, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Bai W, Bepler G, Zhang XM. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) deacetylates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and thereby stimulates ERK1 activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1976-1993. [PMID: 29259132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a class IIb HDAC, plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Previously, we found that ERK1, a downstream kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, phosphorylates HDAC6, thereby increasing HDAC6-mediated deacetylation of α-tubulin. However, whether HDAC6 reciprocally modulates ERK1 activity is unknown. Here, we report that both ERK1 and -2 are acetylated and that HDAC6 promotes ERK1 activity via deacetylation. Briefly, we found that both ERK1 and -2 physically interact with HDAC6. Endogenous ERK1/2 acetylation levels increased upon treatment with a pan-HDAC inhibitor, an HDAC6-specific inhibitor, or depletion of HDAC6, suggesting that HDAC6 deacetylates ERK1/2. We also noted that the acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein and p300 both can acetylate ERK1/2. Acetylated ERK1 exhibits reduced enzymatic activity toward the transcription factor ELK1, a well-known ERK1 substrate. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis indicated Lys-72 as an acetylation site in the ERK1 N terminus, adjacent to Lys-71, which binds to ATP, suggesting that acetylation status of Lys-72 may affect ERK1 ATP binding. Interestingly, an acetylation-mimicking ERK1 mutant (K72Q) exhibited less phosphorylation than the WT enzyme and a deacetylation-mimicking mutant (K72R). Of note, the K72Q mutant displayed decreased enzymatic activity in an in vitro kinase assay and in a cellular luciferase assay compared with the WT and K72R mutant. Taken together, our findings suggest that HDAC6 stimulates ERK1 activity. Along with our previous report that ERK1 promotes HDAC6 activity, we propose that HDAC6 and ERK1 may form a positive feed-forward loop, which might play a role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Yu Wu
- From the Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201.,the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Shengyan Xiang
- the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Mu Zhang
- From the Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Bin Fang
- The Proteomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - He Huang
- the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Yingming Zhao
- the Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Zhe Yang
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Wenlong Bai
- the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Gerold Bepler
- From the Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Xiaohong Mary Zhang
- From the Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201,
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39
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De Smedt E, Maes K, Verhulst S, Lui H, Kassambara A, Maes A, Robert N, Heirman C, Cakana A, Hose D, Breckpot K, van Grunsven LA, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, Moreaux J, De Bruyne E. Loss of RASSF4 Expression in Multiple Myeloma Promotes RAS-Driven Malignant Progression. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1155-1168. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Granato M, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Apigenin, by activating p53 and inhibiting STAT3, modulates the balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways to induce PEL cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:167. [PMID: 29179721 PMCID: PMC5704516 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Apigenin is a flavonoid widely distributed in plant kingdom that exerts cytotoxic effects against a variety of solid and haematological cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of apigenin against primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a KSHV-associated B cell lymphoma characterized by a very aggressive behavior, displaying constitutive activation of STAT3 as well as of other oncogenic pathways and harboring wtp53. Methods Cell death was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay, FACS analysis as well as by biochemical studies. The latter were also utilized to detect the occurrence of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms leading to the activation of both processes by apigenin. FACS analysis was used to measure the intracellular ROS utilizing DCFDA. Results We show that apigenin induced PEL cell death and autophagy along with reduction of intracellular ROS. Mechanistically, apigenin activated p53 that induced catalase, a ROS scavenger enzyme, and inhibited STAT3, the most important pro-survival pathway in PEL, as assessed by p53 silencing. On the other hand, STAT3 inhibition by apigenin resulted in p53 activation, since STAT3 negatively influences p53 activity, highlighting a regulatory loop between these two pathways that modulates PEL cell death/survival. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that apigenin may modulate pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways representing a valid therapeutic strategy against PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Cancer is a dynamic disease. During the course of disease, cancers generally become more heterogeneous. As a result of this heterogeneity, the bulk tumour might include a diverse collection of cells harbouring distinct molecular signatures with differential levels of sensitivity to treatment. This heterogeneity might result in a non-uniform distribution of genetically distinct tumour-cell subpopulations across and within disease sites (spatial heterogeneity) or temporal variations in the molecular makeup of cancer cells (temporal heterogeneity). Heterogeneity provides the fuel for resistance; therefore, an accurate assessment of tumour heterogeneity is essential for the development of effective therapies. Multiregion sequencing, single-cell sequencing, analysis of autopsy samples, and longitudinal analysis of liquid biopsy samples are all emerging technologies with considerable potential to dissect the complex clonal architecture of cancers. In this Review, we discuss the driving forces behind intratumoural heterogeneity and the current approaches used to combat this heterogeneity and its consequences. We also explore how clinical assessments of tumour heterogeneity might facilitate the development of more-effective personalized therapies.
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Borst A, Haferkamp S, Grimm J, Rösch M, Zhu G, Guo S, Li C, Gao T, Meierjohann S, Schrama D, Houben R. BIK is involved in BRAF/MEK inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2017; 404:70-78. [PMID: 28720543 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma specific inhibitors of BRAFV600E and MEK1/2 frequently induce initial tumor reduction, frequently followed by relapse. As demonstrated previously, BRAFV600E-inhibition induces apoptosis only in a fraction of treated cells, while the remaining arrest and survive providing a source or a niche for relapse. To identify factors contributing to the differential initial response towards BRAF/MEK inhibition, we established M14 melanoma cell line-derived single cell clones responding to treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib predominantly with either cell cycle arrest (CCA-cells) or apoptosis (A-cells). Screening for differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes revealed loss of BCL2-Interacting Killer (BIK) mRNA in CCA-cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of BIK in CCA-cells resulted in increased apoptosis rates following vemurafenib/trametinib treatment, while knockdown/knockout of BIK in A-cells attenuated the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible epigenetic silencing of BIK mRNA expression in CCA-cells. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment associated with re-expression of BIK augmented sensitivity of CCA-cells towards vemurafenib/trametinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BIK can be a critical mediator of melanoma cell fate determination in response to MAPK pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Grimm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rösch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Targeting c-MET in gastrointestinal tumours: rationale, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:562-576. [PMID: 28374784 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Data from many preclinical studies, including those using cellular models of colorectal, gastric, gastro-oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction cancers, indicate that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) pathway is vital for the growth, survival and invasive potential of gastrointestinal cancers. Following the availability of data from these various studies, and data on c-MET expression as a biomarker that indicates a poor prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and increased c-MET expression, inhibitors targeting this pathway have entered the clinic in the past decade. However, the design of clinical trials that incorporate the use of HGF/c-MET inhibitors in their most appropriate genetic and molecular context remains crucial. Recognizing and responding to this challenge, the European Commission funded Framework 7 MErCuRIC programme is running a biomarker-enriched clinical trial investigating the efficacy of combined c-MET/MEK inhibition in patients with RAS-mutant or RAS-wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer with aberrant c-MET expression. The design of this trial enables the continued refinement of the predictive biomarker and co-development of companion diagnostics. In this Review, we focus on advances in our understanding of inhibition of the HGF/c-MET pathway in patients with gastro-intestinal cancers, the prominent challenges facing the clinical translation and implementation of agents targeting HGF/c-MET, and discuss the various efforts, and associated obstacles to the discovery and validation of biomarkers that will enable patient stratification in this context.
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Sun J, Yu X, Wang C, Yu C, Li Z, Nie W, Xu X, Miao X, Jin X. RIP-1/c-FLIPL Induce Hepatic Cancer Cell Apoptosis Through Regulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1190-1199. [PMID: 28270653 PMCID: PMC5353883 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all hepatic cancer cells have resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. c-FLIPL and RIP-1 are apoptotic negative regulatory factors. This study investigated the role of c-FLIPL and RIP-1 in hepatic cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated by TRAIL, RIP-1 siRNA, and/or BY11-7082. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. DISC component proteins, RIP-1, and p-p65 were measured by Western blot. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Single TRAIL treatment showed no significant impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. HepG2 cells expressed high levels of RIP1 and c-FLIPL, while a high concentration of TRAIL upregulated RIP-1 and c-FLIPL expression but not DR4 and DR5. Single TRAIL treatment did not obviously activate caspase-8 and caspase-3. RIP-1 or c-FLIPL siRNA markedly induced cell apoptosis and enhanced caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. Combined transfection obviously increased apoptotic cells. TRAIL markedly upregulated RIP-1 expression and enhanced p-p65 protein. Downregulating RIP-1 and/or BAY11-7082 significantly reduced NF-kB transcriptional activity, blocked cells in G0/G1 phase, weakened proliferation, elevated caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, and promoted cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL can enhance RIP1 and c-FLIPL expression in HepG2 cells. High expression of RIP1 and c-FLIPL is an important reason for TRAIL resistance. Downregulation of RIP1 and c-FLIPL can relieve caspase-8 suppression, activate caspase-3, and promote cell apoptosis. TRAIL mediates apoptosis resistance through upregulating RIP-1 expression, enhancing NF-kB transcriptional activity, and weakening caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Changfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Can Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wanpin Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xundi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Smith MP, Wellbrock C. Molecular Pathways: Maintaining MAPK Inhibitor Sensitivity by Targeting Nonmutational Tolerance. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5966-5970. [PMID: 27797970 PMCID: PMC5300098 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting hyperactive MAPK signaling has proven to be an effective treatment for a variety of different cancers. Responses to the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib are, however, transient, and complete remission is rarely observed; rather, outgrowth of resistant clones within progressed tumors appears inevitable. These resistant tumors display great heterogeneity, which poses a major challenge to any salvage therapy. Recent focus has, therefore, been on the early dynamics of inhibitor response during tumor regression. During this time, cells can persist in an adapted tolerant state, which results in a phase of nonmutational drug tolerance. In this article, we discuss how inhibition of the MAPK pathway leads to an adaptive rewiring that evolves from the relief of immediate negative feedback loops to short-term gene expression changes and adaptation of intracellular signaling. Tolerance can also be mediated by external signaling from the tumor microenvironment, which itself adapts upon treatment and the selection for cells with an innate drug-tolerant phenotype. In preclinical models, combination treatment with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors (lapatinib and dasatinib), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (vorinostat and entinostat), or drugs targeting cancer-specific mechanisms (nelfinavir in melanoma) can overcome this early tolerance. A better understanding of how nonmutational tolerance is created and supported may hold the key to better combinational strategies that maintain drug sensitivity. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 5966-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Smith
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Bradley CA, Dunne PD, Bingham V, McQuaid S, Khawaja H, Craig S, James J, Moore WL, McArt DG, Lawler M, Dasgupta S, Johnston PG, Van Schaeybroeck S. Transcriptional upregulation of c-MET is associated with invasion and tumor budding in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78932-78945. [PMID: 27793046 PMCID: PMC5346688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET and its ligand HGF are frequently overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and increased c-MET levels are found in CRC liver metastases. This study investigated the role of the HGF/c-MET axis in regulating migration/invasion in CRC, using pre-clinical models and clinical samples. Pre-clinically, we found marked upregulation of c-MET at both protein and mRNA levels in several invasive CRC cells. Down-regulation of c-MET using RNAi suppressed migration/invasion of parental and invasive CRC cells. Stimulation of CRC cells with rh-HGF or co-culture with HGF-expressing colonic myofibroblasts, resulted in significant increases in their migratory/invasive capacity. Importantly, HGF-induced c-MET activation promoted rapid downregulation of c-MET protein levels, while the MET transcript remained unaltered. Using RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH), we further showed that MET mRNA, but not protein levels, were significantly upregulated in tumor budding foci at the invasive front of a cohort of stage III CRC tumors (p < 0.001). Taken together, we show for the first time that transcriptional upregulation of MET is a key molecular event associated with CRC invasion and tumor budding. This data also indicates that RNA ISH, but not immunohistochemistry, provides a robust methodology to assess MET levels as a potential driving force of CRC tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor A. Bradley
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Hajrah Khawaja
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephanie Craig
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jackie James
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Wendy L. Moore
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Darragh G. McArt
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sonali Dasgupta
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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47
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McLaughlin KA, Nemeth Z, Bradley CA, Humphreys L, Stasik I, Fenning C, Majkut J, Higgins C, Crawford N, Holohan C, Johnston PG, Harrison T, Hanna GG, Butterworth KT, Prise KM, Longley DB. FLIP: A Targetable Mediator of Resistance to Radiation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2432-2441. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A MEK/PI3K/HDAC inhibitor combination therapy for KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15814-27. [PMID: 26158412 PMCID: PMC4599239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive, metastatic disease with limited treatment options. Factors contributing to the metastatic predisposition and therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer are not well understood. Here, we used a mouse model of KRAS-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis to define distinct subtypes of PDAC metastasis: epithelial, mesenchymal and quasi-mesenchymal. We examined pro-survival signals in these cells and the therapeutic response differences between them. Our data indicate that the initiation and maintenance of the transformed state are separable, and that KRAS dependency is not a fundamental constant of KRAS-initiated tumors. Moreover, some cancer cells can shuttle between the KRAS dependent (drug-sensitive) and independent (drug-tolerant) states and thus escape extinction. We further demonstrate that inhibition of KRAS signaling alone via co-targeting the MAPK and PI3K pathways fails to induce extensive tumor cell death and, therefore, has limited efficacy against PDAC. However, the addition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors greatly improves outcomes, reduces the self-renewal of cancer cells, and blocks cancer metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest that targeting HDACs in combination with KRAS or its effector pathways provides an effective strategy for the treatment of PDAC.
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49
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Roostaee A, Benoit YD, Boudjadi S, Beaulieu JF. Epigenetics in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Renewal. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2361-7. [PMID: 27061836 PMCID: PMC5074234 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A controlled balance between cell proliferation and differentiation is essential to maintain normal intestinal tissue renewal and physiology. Such regulation is powered by several intracellular pathways that are translated into the establishment of specific transcription programs, which influence intestinal cell fate along the crypt-villus axis. One important check-point in this process occurs in the transit amplifying zone of the intestinal crypts where different signaling pathways and transcription factors cooperate to manage cellular proliferation and differentiation, before secretory or absorptive cell lineage terminal differentiation. However, the importance of epigenetic modifications such as histone methylation and acetylation in the regulation of these processes is still incompletely understood. There have been recent advances in identifying the impact of histone modifications and chromatin remodelers on the proliferation and differentiation of normal intestinal crypt cells. In this review we discuss recent discoveries on the role of the cellular epigenome in intestinal cell fate, development, and tissue renewal. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2361-2367, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Roostaee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salah Boudjadi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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50
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Lawler M, Gavin A, Salto‐Tellez M, Kennedy RD, Van Schaeybroeck S, Wilson RH, Harkin DP, Grayson M, Boyd RE, Hamilton PW, McArt DG, James J, Robson T, Ladner RD, Prise KM, O'Sullivan JM, Harrison T, Murray L, Johnston PG, Waugh DJ. Delivering a research-enabled multistakeholder partnership for enhanced patient care at a population level: The Northern Ireland Comprehensive Cancer Program. Cancer 2016; 122:664-73. [PMID: 26695702 PMCID: PMC4864440 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen significant advances in cancer care in Northern Ireland, leading to measureable improvements in patient outcomes. Crucial to this transformation has been an ethos that recognizes the primacy role of research in effecting heath care change. The authors' model of a cross‐sectoral partnership that unites patients, scientists, health care professionals, hospital trusts, bioindustry, and government agencies can be truly transformative, empowering tripartite clinical‐academic‐industry efforts that have already yielded significant benefit and will continue to inform strategy and its implementation going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salto‐Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiagnosticsCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard H. Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Denis Paul Harkin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiagnosticsCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret Grayson
- Northern Ireland Cancer Research Consumer ForumBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Boyd
- Northern Ireland Cancer Research Consumer ForumBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- PathXL, Innovation Centre, Northern Ireland Science ParkBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Darragh G. McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline James
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Tracy Robson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- School of PharmacyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Ladner
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- CV6 Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiscoveryCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - David J. Waugh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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