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Harris MA, Savas P, Virassamy B, O'Malley MMR, Kay J, Mueller SN, Mackay LK, Salgado R, Loi S. Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:554-577. [PMID: 38969810 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment is shaped by the crosstalk between cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other stromal components. Although the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) serves as a source of therapeutic targets, it is also considered a friend or foe to tumour-directed therapies. This is readily illustrated by the importance of T cells in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), culminating in the advent of immune checkpoint therapy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy as standard of care for both early and advanced-stage TNBC, as well as recent promising signs of efficacy in a subset of hormone receptor-positive disease. In this Review, we discuss the various components of the immune TME in breast cancer and therapies that target or impact the immune TME, as well as the complexity of host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Harris
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Balaji Virassamy
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan M R O'Malley
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine Kay
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, ZAS Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Bullock KK, Richmond A. Beyond Anti-PD-1/PD-L1: Improving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Responses in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2189. [PMID: 38927895 PMCID: PMC11201651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) to the clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a breakthrough for a disease whose treatment has long relied on the standards of chemotherapy and surgery. Nevertheless, few TNBC patients achieve a durable remission in response to anti-PD-1, and there is a need to develop strategies to maximize the potential benefit of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for TNBC patients. In the present review, we discuss three conceptual strategies to improve ICI response rates in TNBC patients. The first effort involves improving patient selection. We discuss proposed biomarkers of response and resistance to anti-PD-1, concluding that an optimal biomarker will likely be multifaceted. The second effort involves identifying existing targeted therapies or chemotherapies that may synergize with ICI. In particular, we describe recent efforts to use inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT or RAS/MAPK/ERK pathways in combination with ICI. Third, considering the possibility that targeting the PD-1 axis is not the most promising strategy for TNBC treatment, we describe ongoing efforts to identify novel immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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Peng K, Liu Y, Liu S, Wang Z, Zhang H, He W, Jin Y, Wang L, Xia X, Xia L. Targeting MEK/COX-2 axis improve immunotherapy efficacy in dMMR colorectal cancer with PIK3CA overexpression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1043-1058. [PMID: 38315285 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PIK3CA mutation or overexpression is associated with immunotherapy resistance in multiple cancer types, but is also paradoxically associated with benefit of COX-2 inhibition on patient survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). This study examined whether and how PIK3CA status affected COX-2-mediated tumor inflammation and immunotherapy response of dMMR CRC. METHODS Murine colon cancer cells MC38, CT26, and CT26-Mlh1-KO were used to construct PIK3CA knockdown and overexpression models to mimic dMMR CRC with PIK3CA dysregulation, and xenograft models were used to evaluate how PIK3CA regulate COX-2 expression, CD8+ T cells infiltration, tumor growth, and therapy response to anti-PD-L1 treatment using immunocompetent mice. Western blot was carried out to delineate the signaling pathways in human and mouse cancer cells, and immunohistochemical analysis together with bioinformatics analysis using human patient samples. RESULTS PIK3CA upregulates COX-2 expression through MEK/ERK signaling pathway independent of AKT signaling to promote tumor inflammation and immunosuppression. PIK3CA knockdown profoundly reduced CT26 tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, while PIK3CA overexpression significantly inhibited CD8+ T cells infiltration and promoted tumor growth. Furthermore, MEK or COX-2 inhibition augmented the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy on dMMR CRC mouse models, accompanied with increased CD8+ T cells infiltration and activated tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our results identified that the PIK3CA hyperactivation in dMMR CRC upregulated COX-2 through MEK signaling, which inhibited CD8+ T cells infiltration and promoted tumor growth, together led to immunotherapy resistance. COX-2 or MEK inhibition may relieve therapy resistance and promote therapy efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for treating dMMR CRC with PIK3CA overexpression or activating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Huanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Wenzhuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Liangping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
- VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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De Wispelaere W, Annibali D, Tuyaerts S, Messiaen J, Antoranz A, Shankar G, Dubroja N, Herreros‐Pomares A, Baiden‐Amissah REM, Orban M, Delfini M, Berardi E, Van Brussel T, Schepers R, Philips G, Boeckx B, Baietti MF, Congedo L, HoWangYin KY, Bayon E, Van Rompuy A, Leucci E, Tabruyn SP, Bosisio F, Mazzone M, Lambrechts D, Amant F. PI3K/mTOR inhibition induces tumour microenvironment remodelling and sensitises pS6 high uterine leiomyosarcoma to PD-1 blockade. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1655. [PMID: 38711203 PMCID: PMC11074386 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are aggressive tumours with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has proven effective in some 'challenging-to-treat' cancers, clinical trials showed that uLMS do not respond to ICB. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant PI3K/mTOR signalling can drive resistance to ICB. We therefore explored the relevance of the PI3K/mTOR pathway for ICB treatment in uLMS and explored pharmacological inhibition of this pathway to sensitise these tumours to ICB. METHODS We performed an integrated multiomics analysis based on TCGA data to explore the correlation between PI3K/mTOR dysregulation and immune infiltration in 101 LMS. We assessed response to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in immunodeficient and humanized uLMS patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by evaluating tumour microenvironment modulation using multiplex immunofluorescence. We explored response to single-agent and a combination of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with PD-1 blockade in humanized uLMS PDXs. We mapped intratumoural dynamics using single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing of serially collected biopsies. RESULTS PI3K/mTOR over-activation (pS6high) associated with lymphocyte depletion and wound healing immune landscapes in (u)LMS, suggesting it contributes to immune evasion. In contrast, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced profound tumour microenvironment remodelling in an ICB-resistant humanized uLMS PDX model, fostering adaptive anti-tumour immune responses. Indeed, PI3K/mTOR inhibition induced macrophage repolarisation towards an anti-tumourigenic phenotype and increased antigen presentation on dendritic and tumour cells, but also promoted infiltration of PD-1+ T cells displaying an exhausted phenotype. When combined with anti-PD-1, PI3K/mTOR inhibition led to partial or complete tumour responses, whereas no response to single-agent anti-PD-1 was observed. Combination therapy reinvigorated exhausted T cells and induced clonal hyper-expansion of a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell population supported by a CD4+ Th1 niche. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that aberrant PI3K/mTOR pathway activation contributes to immune escape in uLMS and provides a rationale for combining PI3K/mTOR inhibition with ICB for the treatment of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout De Wispelaere
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Gynecological OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Gynecological OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Gynecological OncologyAntoni Van Leeuwenhoek – Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Department of Medical OncologyLaboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO)Vrije Universiteit Brussel – UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Julie Messiaen
- Department of Imaging and PathologyTranslational Cell and Tissue ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Asier Antoranz
- Department of Imaging and PathologyTranslational Cell and Tissue ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gautam Shankar
- Department of Imaging and PathologyTranslational Cell and Tissue ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nikolina Dubroja
- Department of Imaging and PathologyTranslational Cell and Tissue ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro Herreros‐Pomares
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Gynecological OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversitat Politècnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Marie‐Pauline Orban
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marcello Delfini
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Emanuele Berardi
- Department of Development and RegenerationLaboratory of Tissue EngineeringUniversity of LeuvenKortrijkBelgium
| | - Thomas Van Brussel
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Rogier Schepers
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Gino Philips
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Luigi Congedo
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Gynecological OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Eleonora Leucci
- TRACE, Department of OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Francesca Bosisio
- Department of Imaging and PathologyTranslational Cell and Tissue ResearchUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Human GeneticsLaboratory for Translational GeneticsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Translational GeneticsCenter for Cancer Biology (CCB)Flemish Institute of Biotechnology (VIB)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of OncologyLaboratory of Gynecological OncologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Gynecological OncologyAntoni Van Leeuwenhoek – Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Bullock KK, Shattuck-Brandt R, Scalise C, Luo W, Chen SC, Saleh N, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Garcia G, Sanders ME, Ayers GD, Yan C, Richmond A. Endogenous pAKT activity is associated with response to AKT inhibition alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition in murine models of TNBC. Cancer Lett 2024; 586:216681. [PMID: 38311054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and challenging-to-treat breast cancer subtype. The clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for TNBC has had mixed results, and very few patients achieved a durable response. The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently mutated in breast cancer. Given the important roles of the PI3K pathway in immune and tumor cell signaling, there is an interest in using inhibitors of this pathway to increase the response to ICI. This study sought to determine if AKT inhibition could enhance the response to ICI in murine TNBC models. We further sought to understand underlying mechanisms of response or non-response to AKT inhibition in combination with ICI. Using four murine TNBC-like cell lines and corresponding orthotopic mouse tumor models, we found that hyperactivity of the PI3K pathway, as evidenced by levels of phospho-AKT rather than PI3K pathway mutational status, was associated with response to AKT inhibition alone and in combination with ICI. Additional mutations in other growth regulatory pathways could override the response of PI3K pathway mutant tumors to AKT inhibition. Furthermore, we observed that AKT inhibition enhanced the response to ICI in an already sensitive model. However, AKT inhibition failed to convert ICI-resistant tumors, to responsive tumors. These findings suggest that analysis of both the mutational status and phospho-AKT protein levels may be beneficial in predicting which TNBC tumors will respond to AKT inhibition in combination with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennady K Bullock
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carly Scalise
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guadalupe Garcia
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chi Yan
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Peng X, Huang X, Lulu TB, Jia W, Zhang S, Cohen L, Huang S, Fan J, Chen X, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang K, Isoyama S, Dan S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Elkabets M, Kong D. A novel pan-PI3K inhibitor KTC1101 synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy by targeting tumor suppression and immune activation. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:54. [PMID: 38486218 PMCID: PMC10938783 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are critical regulators of diverse cellular functions and have emerged as promising targets in cancer therapy. Despite significant progress, existing PI3K inhibitors encounter various challenges such as suboptimal bioavailability, potential off-target effects, restricted therapeutic indices, and cancer-acquired resistance. Hence, novel inhibitors that overcome some of these challenges are needed. Here, we describe the characterization of KTC1101, a novel pan-PI3K inhibitor that simultaneously targets tumor cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. Our studies demonstrate that KTC1101 significantly increases the anti-PD-1 efficacy in multiple pre-clinical mouse models. METHODS KTC1101 was synthesized and characterized employing chemical synthesis, molecular modeling, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry. Its target specificity was confirmed through the kinase assay, JFCR39 COMPARE analysis, and RNA-Seq analysis. Metabolic stability was verified via liver microsome and plasma assays, pharmacokinetics determined by LC-MS/MS, and safety profile established through acute toxicity assays to determine the LD50. The antiproliferative effects of KTC1101 were evaluated in a panel of cancer cell lines and further validated in diverse BALB/c nude mouse xenograft, NSG mouse xenograft and syngeneic mouse models. The KTC1101 treatment effect on the immune response was assessed through comprehensive RNA-Seq, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, with molecular pathways investigated via Western blot, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS KTC1101 demonstrated strong inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and significantly impeded tumor progression in vivo. It effectively modulated the Tumor Microenvironment (TME), characterized by increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and innate immune cells. An intermittent dosing regimen of KTC1101 enhanced these effects. Notably, KTC1101 synergized with anti-PD-1 therapy, significantly boosting antitumor immunity and extending survival in preclinical models. CONCLUSION KTC1101's dual mechanism of action-directly inhibiting tumor cell growth and dynamically enhancing the immune response- represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment strategies. These findings support incorporating KTC1101 into future oncologic regimens to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Talal Ben Lulu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Wenqing Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Limor Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shengfan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jindian Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yongzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kailin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sho Isoyama
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Han HV, Efem R, Rosati B, Lu K, Maimouni S, Jiang YP, Montoya V, Van Der Velden A, Zong WX, Lin RZ. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit B regulates anti-tumor T cells in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.24.550301. [PMID: 37546948 PMCID: PMC10402106 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Most human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not infiltrated with cytotoxic T cells and are highly resistant to immunotherapy. Over 90% of PDAC have oncogenic KRAS mutations, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are direct effectors of KRAS. Our previous study demonstrated that ablation of Pik3ca in KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) pancreatic cancer cells induced host T cells to infiltrate and completely eliminate the tumors in a syngeneic orthotopic implantation mouse model. Now, we show that implantation of Pik3ca-/- KPC (named αKO) cancer cells induces clonal expansion of cytotoxic T cells infiltrating the pancreatic tumors. To identify potential molecules that can regulate the activity of these anti-tumor T cells, we conducted an in vivo genome-wide gene-deletion screen using αKO cells implanted in the mouse pancreas. The result shows that deletion of propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit B gene (Pccb) in αKO cells (named p-αKO) leads to immune evasion, tumor progression and death of host mice. Surprisingly, p-αKO tumors are still infiltrated with clonally expanded CD8+ T cells but they are inactive against tumor cells. However, blockade of PD-L1/PD1 interaction reactivated these clonally expanded T cells infiltrating p-αKO tumors, leading to slower tumor progression and improve survival of host mice. These results indicate that Pccb can modulate the activity of cytotoxic T cells infiltrating some pancreatic cancers and this understanding may lead to improvement in immunotherapy for this difficult-to-treat cancer.
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Schmid P, Turner NC, Barrios CH, Isakoff SJ, Kim SB, Sablin MP, Saji S, Savas P, Vidal GA, Oliveira M, O'Shaughnessy J, Italiano A, Espinosa E, Boni V, White S, Rojas B, Freitas-Junior R, Chae Y, Bondarenko I, Lee J, Torres Mattos C, Martinez Rodriguez JL, Lam LH, Jones S, Reilly SJ, Huang X, Shah K, Dent R. First-Line Ipatasertib, Atezolizumab, and Taxane Triplet for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical and Biomarker Results. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:767-778. [PMID: 38060199 PMCID: PMC10870115 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a triplet regimen combining immune checkpoint blockade, AKT pathway inhibition, and (nab-) paclitaxel as first-line therapy for locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The single-arm CO40151 phase Ib study (NCT03800836), the single-arm signal-seeking cohort of IPATunity130 (NCT03337724), and the randomized phase III IPATunity170 trial (NCT04177108) enrolled patients with previously untreated mTNBC. Triplet therapy comprised intravenous atezolizumab 840 mg (days 1 and 15), oral ipatasertib 400 mg/day (days 1-21), and intravenous paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (or nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2; days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days. Exploratory translational research aimed to elucidate mechanisms and molecular markers of sensitivity and resistance. RESULTS Among 317 patients treated with the triplet, efficacy ranged across studies as follows: median progression-free survival (PFS) 5.4 to 7.4 months, objective response rate 44% to 63%, median duration of response 5.6 to 11.1 months, and median overall survival 15.7 to 28.3 months. The safety profile was consistent with the known toxicities of each agent. Grade ≥3 adverse events were more frequent with the triplet than with doublets or single-agent paclitaxel. Patients with PFS >10 months were characterized by NF1, CCND3, and PIK3CA alterations and increased immune pathway activity. PFS <5 months was associated with CDKN2A/CDKN2B/MTAP alterations and lower predicted phosphorylated AKT-S473 levels. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mTNBC receiving an ipatasertib/atezolizumab/taxane triplet regimen, molecular characteristics may identify those with particularly favorable or unfavorable outcomes, potentially guiding future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. Turner
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos H. Barrios
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Brazil
| | | | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marie-Paule Sablin
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Peter Savas
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory A. Vidal
- West Cancer Center and Research Institute, Germantown, Tennessee
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Valentina Boni
- Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid – Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Rojas
- Oncology Service, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruffo Freitas-Junior
- Gynaecology and Breast Department, Hospital Araujo Jorge, Goias Anticancer Association, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Yeesoo Chae
- Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jieun Lee
- Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cesar Torres Mattos
- Clínica San Gabriel, Unidad de Investigación Oncológica de la Clínica San Gabriel, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Lisa H. Lam
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Surai Jones
- Data Sciences, Safety and Medical (DSSM), IQVIA Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Xiayu Huang
- gRED Computational Science, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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9
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Korovina I, Elser M, Borodins O, Seifert M, Willers H, Cordes N. β1 integrin mediates unresponsiveness to PI3Kα inhibition for radiochemosensitization of 3D HNSCC models. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116217. [PMID: 38286037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-α represents a key intracellular signal transducer involved in the regulation of key cell functions such as cell survival and proliferation. Excessive activation of PI3Kα is considered one of the major determinants of cancer therapy resistance. Despite preclinical and clinical evaluation of PI3Kα inhibitors in various tumor entities, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), it remains elusive how conventional radiochemotherapy can be enhanced by concurrent PI3K inhibitors and how PI3K deactivation mechanistically exerts its effects. Here, we investigated the radiochemosensitizing potential and adaptation mechanisms of four PI3K inhibitors, Alpelisib, Copanlisib, AZD8186, and Idelalisib in eight HNSCC models grown under physiological, three-dimensional matrix conditions. We demonstrate that Alpelisib, Copanlisib and AZD8186 but not Idelalisib enhance radio- and radiochemosensitivity in the majority of HNSCC cell models (= responders) in a manner independent of PIK3CA mutation status. However, Alpelisib promotes MAPK signaling in non-responders compared to responders without profound impact on Akt, NFκB, TGFβ, JAK/STAT signaling and DNA repair. Bioinformatic analyses identified unique gene mutations associated with extracellular matrix to be more frequent in non-responder cell models than in responders. Finally, we demonstrate that targeting of the cell adhesion molecule β1 integrin on top of Alpelisib sensitizes non-responders to radiochemotherapy. Taken together, our study demonstrates the sensitizing potential of Alpelisib and other PI3K inhibitors in HNSCC models and uncovers a novel β1 integrin-dependent mechanism that may prove useful in overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Korovina
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Elser
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olegs Borodins
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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10
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Chung H, Gyu-mi P, Na YR, Lee YS, Choi H, Seok SH. Comprehensive characterization of early-programmed tumor microenvironment by tumor-associated macrophages reveals galectin-1 as an immune modulatory target in breast cancer. Theranostics 2024; 14:843-860. [PMID: 38169569 PMCID: PMC10758049 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in antitumoral phenotypes. However, key mediators suitable for TAM-mediated remodeling of the TME remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing analyses to analyze the landscape of the TME modulated by TAMs in terms of a protumor microenvironment during early tumor development. Results: Our data revealed that the depletion of TAMs leads to a decreased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature in cancer cells and a distinct transcriptional state characterized by CD8+ T cell activation. Moreover, notable alterations in gene expression were observed upon the depletion of TAMs, identifying Galectin-1 (Gal-1) as a crucial molecular factor responsible for the observed effect. Gal-1 inhibition reversed immune suppression via the reinvigoration of CD8+ T cells, impairing tumor growth and potentiating immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast tumor models. Conclusion: These results provide comprehensive insights into TAM-mediated early tumor microenvironments and reveal immune evasion mechanisms that can be targeted by Gal-1 to induce antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Chung
- Macrophage Lab, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Gyu-mi
- Macrophage Lab, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Na
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Macrophage Lab, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Heller S, Glaeske S, Gluske K, Paul J, Böhme A, Janzer A, Roider HG, Montebaur A, Nicke B, Lesche R, von Ahsen O, Politz O, Liu N, Gorjánácz M. Pan-PI3K inhibition with copanlisib overcomes Treg- and M2-TAM-mediated immune suppression and promotes anti-tumor immune responses. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5445-5461. [PMID: 37935952 PMCID: PMC10725385 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is one of the most frequently altered signaling pathways in human cancer. In addition to its function in cancer cells, PI3K plays a complex role in modulating anti-tumor immune responses upon immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Here, we evaluated the effects of the pan-Class I PI3K inhibitor copanlisib on different immune cell types in vitro and on tumor growth and immune cell infiltration in syngeneic murine cancer models. Intermittent treatment with copanlisib resulted in a strong in vivo anti-tumor efficacy, increased tumor infiltration of activated T cells and macrophages, and increased CD8+ T cell/regulatory T cell and M1/M2 macrophage ratios. The strong in vivo efficacy was at least partially due to immunomodulatory activity of copanlisib, as in vitro these murine cancer cells were resistant to PI3K inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of copanlisib with the ICI antibody anti-PD-1 demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in both ICI-sensitive and insensitive syngeneic mouse tumor models. Importantly, in an ICI-sensitive model, combination therapy resulted in complete remission and prevention of tumor recurrence. Thus, the combination of ICIs with PI3K inhibition by intermittently dosed copanlisib represents a promising new strategy to increase sensitivity to ICI therapies and to treat human solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Glaeske
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Gluske
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Paul
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Janzer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anna Montebaur
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Politz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ningshu Liu
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany
- Fosun Pharma, No. 1289 Yishan Road, Shanghai City, China
| | - Mátyás Gorjánácz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Oncology, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Jiang W, Ouyang X, Li C, Long Y, Chen W, Ji Z, Shen X, Xiang L, Yang H. Targeting PI3Kα increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in cervical cancer. Immunology 2023; 170:419-438. [PMID: 37469254 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting programmed death 1(PD-1) has been approved for relapsed cervical cancer with unsatisfactory clinical efficacy. This study aims to analyse the impact of PI3K pathway activation on tumour immune microenvironment and evaluates the immune sensitization effect by PI3K inhibition in cervical cancer. The effect of PIK3CA mutation on PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T cells differentiation was determined in cervical cancer tissues. Luciferase and ChIP-qPCR/PCR assays were used to determine the transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 by PIK3CA-E545K. The effects of PI3K inhibitor treatment on immune environment in vitro and in vivo were evaluated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and flow cytometry. The efficacy of PI3K inhibitor and anti-PD-1 therapy was assessed in cell-derived xenografts (CDX) and patients-derived xenografts (PDX). PD-L1 overexpression is more frequently observed in elder women with squamous cervical carcinoma. It predicts longer progress-free survival and overall survival. PIK3CA mutation results in increased mRNA and protein levels of PD-L1, the repression of CD8+ T cell differentiation in cervical cancer. Here, we report a case that continuous pembrolizumab monotherapy treatment induced complete remission of a recurrent cervical cancer patient with systemic metastasis and PIK3CA-E545K mutation, implying that PIK3CA mutation is potentially a biomarker for pembrolizumab treatment in cervical cancer. Specifically, this mutation promotes the expression of PD-L1 by upregulating the transcription factor IRF1. PI3Kα-specific inhibitor markedly activates immune microenvironment by regulating the PD-1/L1-related pathways and promoting CD8+ T cell differentiation and proliferation in Caski-CDXs with PIK3CA-E545K mutation. PI3Kα inhibitor significantly enhances the anti-tumour efficacy of PD-1 blockade in CDXs and PDXs. PIK3CA mutations may predict the response of cervical cancer to PD-1 blockade. The efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors combined with PD-1 antibodies is promising in cervical cancer and warrants additional clinical and mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Ouyang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiu Long
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, the Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaodong Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuxia Shen
- Department of Pathology Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libing Xiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu L, Niu L, Zheng X, Xiao F, Sun H, Deng W, Cai J. PD-L1 expression-related PI3K pathway correlates with immunotherapy efficacy in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231205853. [PMID: 37868079 PMCID: PMC10586003 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231205853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The programed death ligand-1 combined positive score (PD-L1 CPS), the only FDA-approved biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in gastric cancer (GC) patients, is an important but imperfect predictive biomarker. The molecular characteristics of tumors that influence the PD-L1 CPS are largely unknown and would be helpful for screening patients who would benefit from immunotherapy. Methods PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted next-generation sequencing techniques were used to compare genomic alterations in 492 GC patients in two groups (PD-L1 CPS ⩾ 1, positive; CPS < 1, negative). Screened PD-L1 expression-related factors were analyzed for immunotherapy efficacy in three distinct GC cohorts from public databases. Results Positive PD-L1 expression occurred in 40% of GC patients and was associated with a higher proportion of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF), lysine demethylase (KDM), and DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNMT) (all p < 0.01), pathway alterations. Compared to wild-type GC patients, those with PI3K pathway alterations had a higher response rate (p = 0.002) and durable clinical benefit rate with immunotherapy (p = 0.023, p = 0.038) as well as longer progression-free survival (p = 0.084, p = 0.0076) and overall survival (p = 0.2, p = 0.037) with immunotherapy. Conclusion This study revealed PD-L1 expression-related factors in the tumor genome in a GC cohort. Alterations in the PI3K pathway associated with PD-L1 positivity were shown to be associated with better immunotherapy efficacy in three distinct GC cohorts from public databases. Our results provide a potential avenue for patient selection and rational immune combination development for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langbiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaibo Sun
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Jun Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
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15
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Lang JD, Nguyen TVV, Levin MK, Blas PE, Williams HL, Rodriguez ESR, Briones N, Mueller C, Selleck W, Moore S, Zismann VL, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, O'Shaughnessy J. Pilot clinical trial and phenotypic analysis in chemotherapy-pretreated, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency followed by cisplatin and nab paclitaxel. Biomark Res 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37491309 PMCID: PMC10369813 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have homologous recombination deficiency with upregulation of compensatory DNA repair pathways. PIKTOR, a combination of TAK-228 (TORC1/2 inhibitor) and TAK-117 (PI3Kα inhibitor), is hypothesized to increase genomic instability and increase DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency, leading to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and to immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors. METHODS 10 metastatic TNBC patients received 4 mg TAK-228 and 200 mg TAK-117 (PIKTOR) orally each day for 3 days followed by 4 days off, weekly, until disease progression (PD), followed by intravenous cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus nab paclitaxel 220 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Patients received subsequent treatment with pembrolizumab and/or chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were objective response rate with cisplatin/nab paclitaxel and safety. Biopsies of a metastatic lesion were collected prior to and at PD on PIKTOR. Whole exome and RNA-sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were used to phenotype tumors pre- and post-PIKTOR for alterations in DDR, proliferation, and immune response. RESULTS With cisplatin/nab paclitaxel (cis/nab pac) therapy post PIKTOR, 3 patients had clinical benefit (1 partial response (PR) and 2 stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months) and continued to have durable benefit in progression-free survival with pembrolizumab post-cis/nab pac for 1.2, 2, and 3.6 years. Their post-PIKTOR metastatic tissue displayed decreased mismatch repair (MMR), increased tumor mutation burden, and significantly lower levels of 53BP1, DAG Lipase β, GCN2, AKT Ser473, and PKCzeta Thr410/403 compared to pre-PIKTOR tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Priming patients' chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic TNBC with PIKTOR led to very prolonged response/disease control with subsequent cis/nab pac, followed by pembrolizumab, in 3 of 10 treated patients. Our multi-omics approach revealed a higher number of genomic alterations, reductions in MMR, and alterations in immune and stress response pathways post-PIKTOR in patients who had durable responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on June 21, 2017, at ClinicalTrials.gov using identifier NCT03193853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Lang
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tuong Vi V Nguyen
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Page E Blas
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia Briones
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - William Selleck
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Victoria L Zismann
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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16
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Yan C, Nebhan CA, Saleh N, Shattuck-Brandt R, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Weiss V, Richmond A, Vilgelm AE. Generation of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts in Humanized Mice for Evaluation of Emerging Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy Combinations for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3695. [PMID: 37509357 PMCID: PMC10377652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for developing PDX in humanized mice in preclinical trials with immune-based therapies are limited by GVHD. Here, we compared two approaches for establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice: (1) PDX are first established in immune-deficient mice; or (2) PDX are initially established in humanized mice; then established PDX are transplanted to a larger cohort of humanized mice for preclinical trials. With the first approach, there was rapid wasting of PDX-bearing humanized mice with high levels of activated T cells in the circulation and organs, indicating immune-mediated toxicity. In contrast, with the second approach, toxicity was less of an issue and long-term human melanoma tumor growth and maintenance of human chimerism was achieved. Preclinical trials from the second approach revealed that rigosertib, but not anti-PD-1, increased CD8/CD4 T cell ratios in spleen and blood and inhibited PDX tumor growth. Resistance to anti-PD-1 was associated with PDX tumors established from tumors with limited CD8+ T cell content. Our findings suggest that it is essential to carefully manage immune editing by first establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice before expanding PDX tumors into a larger cohort of humanized mice to evaluate therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Caroline A. Nebhan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Vivian Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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17
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Chen G, Zeng L, Bi B, Huang X, Qiu M, Chen P, Chen ZY, He Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Zhao J. Engineering Bifunctional Calcium Alendronate Gene-Delivery Nanoneedle for Synergistic Chemo/Immuno-Therapy Against HER2 Positive Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204654. [PMID: 36932888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated impressive antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies, but the clinical potency is limited by their short half-life, inconvenient continuous intravenous infusion, and severe toxicity at relevant therapeutic levels in solid tumors. To address these critical issues, the design and engineering of alendronate calcium (CaALN) based gene-delivery system is reported to express therapeutic level of BiTE (HER2×CD3) for efficient ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Controllable construction of CaALN nanosphere and nanoneedle is achieved by the simple and green coordination reactions that the distinct nanoneedle-like alendronate calcium (CaALN-N) with a high aspect ratio enabled efficient gene delivery to the peritoneum without system in vivo toxicity. Especially, CaALN-N induced apoptosis of SKOV3-luc cell via down-regulation of HER2 signaling pathway and synergized with HER2×CD3 to generate high antitumor response. In vivo administration of CaALN-N/minicircle DNA encoding HER2×CD3 (MC-HER2×CD3) produces sustained therapeutic levels of BiTE and suppresses tumor growth in a human ovarian cancer xenograft model. Collectively, the engineered alendronate calcium nanoneedle represents a bifunctional gene delivery platform for the efficient and synergistic treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochuang Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Bo Bi
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyu Huang
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
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18
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Sharma P, Goswami S, Raychaudhuri D, Siddiqui BA, Singh P, Nagarajan A, Liu J, Subudhi SK, Poon C, Gant KL, Herbrich SM, Anandhan S, Islam S, Amit M, Anandappa G, Allison JP. Immune checkpoint therapy-current perspectives and future directions. Cell 2023; 186:1652-1669. [PMID: 37059068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients. Varying response rates across tumor types and the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicities prompted efforts to unravel immune and non-immune factors regulating the responses to ICT. This review highlights the biology of anti-tumor immunity underlying response and resistance to ICT, discusses efforts to address the current challenges with ICT, and outlines strategies to guide the development of subsequent clinical trials and combinatorial efforts with ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deblina Raychaudhuri
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bilal A Siddiqui
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratishtha Singh
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashwat Nagarajan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Candice Poon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristal L Gant
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelley M Herbrich
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Swetha Anandhan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shajedul Islam
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gayathri Anandappa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Barry ST, Gabrilovich DI, Sansom OJ, Campbell AD, Morton JP. Therapeutic targeting of tumour myeloid cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:216-237. [PMID: 36747021 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The accumulation of tumour-modified myeloid cells derived from monocytes or neutrophils - termed 'myeloid-derived suppressor cells' - and tumour-associated macrophages is associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatments such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, there has been little success in large-scale clinical trials of myeloid cell modulators, and only a few distinct strategies have been used to target suppressive myeloid cells clinically so far. Preclinical and translational studies have now elucidated specific functions for different myeloid cell subpopulations within the tumour microenvironment, revealing context-specific roles of different myeloid cell populations in disease progression and influencing response to therapy. To improve the success of myeloid cell-targeted therapies, it will be important to target tumour types and patient subsets in which myeloid cells represent the dominant driver of therapy resistance, as well as to determine the most efficacious treatment regimens and combination partners. This Review discusses what we can learn from work with the first generation of myeloid modulators and highlights recent developments in modelling context-specific roles for different myeloid cell subtypes, which can ultimately inform how to drive more successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Cao C, Lu X, Guo X, Zhao H, Gao Y. Patient-derived models: Promising tools for accelerating the clinical translation of breast cancer research findings. Exp Cell Res 2023; 425:113538. [PMID: 36871856 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the highest incidence of cancer in women. It was extensively and deeply studied by biologists and medical workers worldwide. However, the meaningful results in lab researches cannot be realized in clinical, and a part of new drugs in clinical experiments do not obtain as good results as the preclinical researches. It is urgently that promote a kind of breast cancer research models that can get study results closer to the physiological condition of the human body. Patient-derived models (PDMs) originating from clinical tumor, contain primary elements of tumor and maintain key clinical features of tumor. So they are promising research models to facilitate laboratory researches translate to clinical application, and predict the treatment outcome of patients. In this review, we summarize the establishment of PDMs of breast cancer, reviewed the application of PDMs in clinical translational researches and personalized precision medicine with breast cancer as an example, to improve the understanding of PDMs among researchers and clinician, facilitate them to use PDMs on a large scale of breast cancer researches and promote the clinical translation of laboratory research and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Department of Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China.
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21
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Percik R, Oedegaard Smith C, Leibovici A, Shai A. Treating Alpelisib-Induced Hyperinsulinemia in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer - A Real-Life Experience. Biologics 2023; 17:61-67. [PMID: 37163178 PMCID: PMC10164376 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s395817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA activating mutations are found in 40% of advanced breast cancer and are associated with worse prognosis. PI3K blockage is associated with insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Alpelisib is the first PI3K inhibitor used in cancer treatment. Laboratory evidence indicated that alpelisib-induced hyperinsulinemia offsets the drug's efficacy, but insulin levels were not tested in the clinical trials that evaluated alpelisib for breast cancer. Hyperglycemia could also interfere with anti-tumor effects of PI3K inhibitors by inducing Immune tolerance and altered mitochondrial metabolism. We have monitored insulin levels in 4 breast cancer patients with concomitant metabolic syndrome treated with alpelisib, and pre-treated patients with baseline increased insulin levels with pioglitazone, a potent insulin sensitizer, to target both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and we report the treatment course of these patients. All patients achieved glycemic control and were able to maintain alpelisib dose intensity. Duration of response to alpelisib was longer than anticipated in this treatment setting. Insulin dynamics confirmed the efficacy of pioglitazone as a specific on-target hypoglycemic and hypo-insulinemic agent in the unique setting of PI3K blockade. Our experience suggests that targeting hyperinsulinemia in patients with is safe and feasible and results in good metabolic and oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Percik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Endo-Oncology Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Cecilie Oedegaard Smith
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anca Leibovici
- Oncology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrielly Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zafed, Israel
| | - Ayelet Shai
- Breast Cancer Unit, Division of Oncology, RAMBAM Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Correspondence: Ayelet Shai, Oncology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Ha’alia Hashnia 8, Haifa, 3109601, Israel, Tel +972507887731, Email
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22
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Quan Z, Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Luo J, Ning Y, Fan S. Clinical implications of the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in progression and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3434-3443. [PMID: 36313041 PMCID: PMC9608206 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints has been well known to provide novel clues for cancer treatments. Immunotherapy against the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) /programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), one of the most popular auxiliary treatments in recent years, has been applied in various tumor treatments, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, inevitable issues such as side effects and drug resistance emerge following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may participate in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation results in increased PD-L1 protein translation, whereas PD-L1 overexpression can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inversely. Via downstream proteins, including 4E-BP1, STAT3, NF-κB, c-MYC, and AMPK in aberrant energy status, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can regulate PD-L1 post-transcription and translation. Besides, the regulation of the PI3K pathway by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis involves both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment. Inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 have been successfully applied in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and breast cancer. Meanwhile, drug resistance from alternative pathway activation also evidently affects clinical progress. To achieve a better therapeutic effect and quality of survival, the combination of multiple treatment modalities presents great research value. Here we reviewed the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression and treatment of NSCLC and summarized its clinical implications. The intracellular interactions between PD-1/PD-L1 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have a wide range of potential applications. And we presented the mechanism for combining therapy with monoclonal antibody PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in this review, to broaden the therapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Songqing Fan
- ✉ Corresponding author: Songqing Fan, Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. E-mail address:
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23
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Yan J, Chen Y, Patel AJ, Warda S, Lee CJ, Nixon BG, Wong EW, Miranda-Román MA, Yang N, Wang Y, Pachai MR, Sher J, Giff E, Tang F, Khurana E, Singer S, Liu Y, Galbo PM, Maag JL, Koche RP, Zheng D, Antonescu CR, Deng L, Li MO, Chen Y, Chi P. Tumor-intrinsic PRC2 inactivation drives a context-dependent immune-desert microenvironment and is sensitized by immunogenic viruses. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153437. [PMID: 35852856 PMCID: PMC9433107 DOI: 10.1172/jci153437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated clinical success in "inflamed" tumors with substantial T cell infiltrates, but tumors with an immune-desert tumor microenvironment (TME) fail to benefit. The tumor cell-intrinsic molecular mechanisms of the immune-desert phenotype remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that inactivation of the polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core components embryonic ectoderm development (EED) or suppressor of zeste 12 homolog (SUZ12), a prevalent genetic event in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and sporadically in other cancers, drove a context-dependent immune-desert TME. PRC2 inactivation reprogramed the chromatin landscape that led to a cell-autonomous shift from primed baseline signaling-dependent cellular responses (e.g., IFN-γ signaling) to PRC2-regulated developmental and cellular differentiation transcriptional programs. Further, PRC2 inactivation led to diminished tumor immune infiltrates through reduced chemokine production and impaired antigen presentation and T cell priming, resulting in primary resistance to ICB. Intratumoral delivery of inactivated modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) enhanced tumor immune infiltrates and sensitized PRC2-loss tumors to ICB. Our results identify molecular mechanisms of PRC2 inactivation-mediated, context-dependent epigenetic reprogramming that underline the immune-desert phenotype in cancer. Our studies also point to intratumoral delivery of immunogenic viruses as an initial therapeutic strategy to modulate the immune-desert TME and capitalize on the clinical benefit of ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuedan Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amish J. Patel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Warda
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cindy J. Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Briana G. Nixon
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
| | - Elissa W.P. Wong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miguel A. Miranda-Román
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Ning Yang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohini R. Pachai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Sher
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Giff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fanying Tang
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine
- Meyer Cancer Center, and
| | - Ekta Khurana
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine
- Meyer Cancer Center, and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sam Singer
- Department of Surgery, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Phillip M. Galbo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jesper L.V. Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Liang Deng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ming O. Li
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, MSK Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163972. [PMID: 36010965 PMCID: PMC9406446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy helps a person’s immune system to target tumor cells. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and cancer vaccination, have changed the landscape of cancer treatment. These approaches have had profound success in certain cancer types but still fail in the majority of cases. This review will cover both successes and current challenges in cancer immunotherapy, as well as recent advances in the field of basic tumor immunology that will allow us to overcome resistance to existing treatments. Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of oncology in recent years. Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer has led to a large growth in the number of novel immunotherapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and cancer vaccination. In this review, we will discuss the current landscape of immuno-oncology research, with a focus on elements that influence immunotherapeutic outcomes. We will also highlight recent advances in basic aspects of tumor immunology, in particular, the role of the immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment in regulating antitumor immunity. Lastly, we will discuss how the understanding of basic tumor immunology can lead to the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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25
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Choudhury AD. PTEN-PI3K pathway alterations in advanced prostate cancer and clinical implications. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S60-S72. [PMID: 35657152 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic targeting of advanced prostate cancer, it remains the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is commonly altered in prostate cancer, most frequently through loss of the PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) tumor suppressor, and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration, and survival. METHODS This study summarizes signaling through the PTEN/PI3K pathway, alterations in pathway components commonly seen in advanced prostate cancer, and results of clinical trials of pathway inhibitors reported to date with a focus on more recently reported studies. It also reviews rationale for combination approaches currently under study, including with taxanes, immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and discusses future directions in biomarker testing and therapeutic targeting of this pathway. RESULTS Clinical trials studying pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K, AKT or mTOR kinases have demonstrated modest activity of specific agents, with several trials of pathway inhibitors currently in progress. A key challenge is the importance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in noncancerous tissues, leading to predictable but often severe toxicities at therapeutic doses. RESULTS Further advances in selective pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in tumors, development of rational combinations, and appropriate biomarker selection to identify the appropriate tumor- and patient-specific vulnerabilities will be required to optimize clinical benefit from therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tajaldini M, Saeedi M, Amiriani T, Amiriani AH, Sedighi S, Mohammad Zadeh F, Dehghan M, Jahanshahi M, Zanjan Ghandian M, Khalili P, Poorkhani AH, Alizadeh AM, Khori V. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); where do they stand in tumorigenesis and how they can change the face of cancer therapy? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175087. [PMID: 35679891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its components have recently attracted tremendous attention in cancer treatment strategies, as alongside the genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, TME could also provide a fertile background for malignant cells to survive and proliferate. Interestingly, TME plays a vital role in the mediation of cancer metastasis and drug resistance even against immunotherapeutic agents. Among different cells that are presenting in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have shown to have significant value in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and drug-resistance through manipulating the composition as well as the organization of extracellular matrix (ECM). Evidence has shown that the presence of both TAMs and CAFs in TME is associated with poor prognosis and failure of chemotherapeutic agents. It seems that these cells together with ECM form a shield around tumor cells to protect them from the toxic agents and even the adaptive arm of the immune system, which is responsible for tumor surveillance. Given this, targeting TAMs and CAFs seems to be an essential approach to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer agents, either conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapies. In the present review, we aimed to take a deep look at the mechanobiology of CAFs and TAMs in tumor progression and to discuss the available therapeutic approaches for harnessing these cells in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad Zadeh
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghan
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maziar Zanjan Ghandian
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Pedram Khalili
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Affolter A, Kern J, Bieback K, Scherl C, Rotter N, Lammert A. Biomarkers and 3D models predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:88. [PMID: 35642667 PMCID: PMC9183766 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has evolved into a powerful tool in the fight against a number of types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although checkpoint inhibition (CPI) has definitely enriched the treatment options for advanced stage HNSCC during the past decade, the percentage of patients responding to treatment is widely varying between 14-32% in second-line setting in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with a sporadic durability. Clinical response and, consecutively, treatment success remain unpredictable in most of the cases. One potential factor is the expression of target molecules of the tumor allowing cancer cells to acquire therapy resistance mechanisms. Accordingly, analyzing and modeling the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to i) stratify subgroups of patients most likely to respond to CPI and ii) to define new combinatorial treatment regimens. Particularly in a heterogeneous disease such as HNSCC, thoroughly studying the interactions and crosstalking between tumor and TME cells is one of the biggest challenges. Sophisticated 3D models are therefore urgently needed to be able to validate such basic science hypotheses and to test novel immuno-oncologic treatment regimens in consideration of the individual biology of each tumor. The present review will first summarize recent findings on immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, the role of the TME and signaling cascades eliciting during CPI. Second, it will highlight the significance of current promising approaches to establish HNSCC 3D models for new immunotherapies. The results are encouraging and indicate that data obtained from patient-specific tumors in a dish might be finally translated into personalized immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden‑Württemberg‑Hessen, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Wang Z, Wang X, Xu Y, Li J, Zhang X, Peng Z, Hu Y, Zhao X, Dong K, Zhang B, Gao C, Zhao X, Chen H, Cai J, Bai Y, Sun Y, Shen L. Mutations of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway as predictors for immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy in dMMR/MSI-H gastric adenocarcinoma. BMC Med 2022; 20:133. [PMID: 35443723 PMCID: PMC9022268 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant subset of mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastric adenocarcinomas (GAC) are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We sought to investigate the genomic correlates of the density of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (DTICs) and primary resistance to ICI treatment. METHODS Four independent cohorts of MSI-H GAC were included: (i) the surgery cohort (n = 175) with genomic and DTIC data, (ii) the 3DMed cohort (n = 32) with genomic and PD-L1 data, (iii) the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 73) with genomic, transcriptomic, and survival data, and (iv) the ICI treatment cohort (n = 36) with pre-treatment genomic profile and ICI efficacy data. RESULTS In the dMMR/MSI-H GAC, the number of mutated genes in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (NMP) was positively correlated with tumor mutational burden (P < 0.001) and sensitivity to PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors and negatively correlated with CD3+ (P < 0.001), CD4+ (P = 0.065), CD8+ (P = 0.004), and FOXP3+ cells (P = 0.033) in the central-tumor rather than invasive-margin area, and the transcription of immune-related genes. Compared to the NMP-low (NMP = 0/1) patients, the NMP-high (NMP ≥ 2) patients exhibited a poorer objective response rate (29.4% vs. 85.7%, P < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 3.40, P = 0.019), and overall survival (HR = 3.59, P = 0.048) upon ICI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Higher NMP was identified as a potential predictor of lower DTICs and primary resistance to ICIs in the dMMR/MSI-H GAC. Our results highlight the possibility of using mutational data to estimate DTICs and administering the PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitor as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant in NMP-high subpopulation to overcome the resistance to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Gao
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Targeting oncogene and non-oncogene addiction to inflame the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:440-462. [PMID: 35292771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the clinical management of multiple tumours. However, only a few patients respond to ICIs, which has generated considerable interest in the identification of resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism reflects the ability of various oncogenic pathways, as well as stress response pathways required for the survival of transformed cells (a situation commonly referred to as 'non-oncogene addiction'), to support tumour progression not only by providing malignant cells with survival and/or proliferation advantages, but also by establishing immunologically 'cold' tumour microenvironments (TMEs). Thus, both oncogene and non-oncogene addiction stand out as promising targets to robustly inflame the TME and potentially enable superior responses to ICIs.
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Collins NB, Al Abosy R, Miller BC, Bi K, Zhao Q, Quigley M, Ishizuka JJ, Yates KB, Pope HW, Manguso RT, Shrestha Y, Wadsworth M, Hughes T, Shalek AK, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Doench JG, Haining WN. PI3K activation allows immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003402. [PMID: 35264433 PMCID: PMC8915320 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenes act in a cell-intrinsic way to promote tumorigenesis. Whether oncogenes also have a cell-extrinsic effect on suppressing the immune response to cancer is less well understood. METHODS We use an in vivo expression screen of known cancer-associated somatic mutations in mouse syngeneic tumor models treated with checkpoint blockade to identify oncogenes that promote immune evasion. We then validated candidates from this screen in vivo and analyzed the tumor immune microenvironment of tumors expressing mutant protein to identify mechanisms of immune evasion. RESULTS We found that expression of a catalytically active mutation in phospho-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A>G (H1047R) confers a selective growth advantage to tumors treated with immunotherapy that is reversed by pharmacological PI3K inhibition. PIK3CA H1047R-expression in tumors decreased the number of CD8+ T cells but increased the number of inhibitory myeloid cells following immunotherapy. Inhibition of myeloid infiltration by pharmacological or genetic modulation of Ccl2 in PIK3CA H1047R tumors restored sensitivity to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSIONS PI3K activation enables tumor immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment. Activating mutations in PI3K may be useful as a biomarker of poor response to immunotherapy. Our data suggest that some oncogenes promote tumorigenesis by enabling tumor cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Identification of those mechanisms can advance rational combination strategies to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Collins
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Oncology Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Quigley
- Research Biology, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Ishizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans W Pope
- Arsenal Biosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert T Manguso
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Peng X, Zhang S, Jiao W, Zhong Z, Yang Y, Claret FX, Elkabets M, Wang F, Wang R, Zhong Y, Chen ZS, Kong D. Hydroxychloroquine synergizes with the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 to exhibit antitumor efficacy independent of autophagy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:374. [PMID: 34844627 PMCID: PMC8628289 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in tumor cell biology has prompted massive efforts to develop PI3K inhibitors (PI3Kis) for cancer therapy. However, recent results from clinical trials have shown only a modest therapeutic efficacy of single-agent PI3Kis in solid tumors. Targeting autophagy has controversial context-dependent effects in cancer treatment. As a FDA-approved lysosomotropic agent, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been well tested as an autophagy inhibitor in preclinical models. Here, we elucidated the novel mechanism of HCQ alone or in combination with PI3Ki BKM120 in the treatment of cancer. METHODS The antitumor effects of HCQ and BKM120 on three different types of tumor cells were assessed by in vitro PrestoBlue assay, colony formation assay and in vivo zebrafish and nude mouse xenograft models. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated by MDC staining, LC3 puncta formation assay, immunofluorescent assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and ROS, qRT-PCR, Western blot, comet assay, homologous recombination (HR) assay and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS HCQ significantly sensitized cancer cells to BKM120 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the sensitization mediated by HCQ could not be phenocopied by treatment with other autophagy inhibitors (Spautin-1, 3-MA and bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of the essential autophagy genes Atg5/Atg7, suggesting that the sensitizing effect might be mediated independent of autophagy status. Mechanistically, HCQ induced ROS production and activated the transcription factor NRF2. In contrast, BKM120 prevented the elimination of ROS by inactivation of NRF2, leading to accumulation of DNA damage. In addition, HCQ activated ATM to enhance HR repair, a high-fidelity repair for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells, while BKM120 inhibited HR repair by blocking the phosphorylation of ATM and the expression of BRCA1/2 and Rad51. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that HCQ and BKM120 synergistically increased DSBs in tumor cells and therefore augmented apoptosis, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy. Our findings provide a new insight into how HCQ exhibits antitumor efficacy and synergizes with PI3Ki BKM120, and warn that one should consider the "off target" effects of HCQ when used as autophagy inhibitor in the clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenhui Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,School of Medicine, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianyuan University, Tianjin, 301700, China.
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Vlachostergios PJ. Integrin signaling gene alterations and outcomes of cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12386-12394. [PMID: 34956460 PMCID: PMC8661141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Several interactions between tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment are effected through integrin signaling; however the latter has been underrecognized as a pathway that could have an impact on oncological outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of genomic alterations in the integrin signaling pathway in ICI-treated patients with advanced cancers. METHODS Next generation sequencing (NGS) data from tumor samples of patients with advanced cancers treated with ICIs (anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA4 or both) were queried from four independent publicly available cohorts for mutations and structural variations in 72 integrin signaling pathway genes (Gene Set: GOBP_CELL_ADHESION_MEDIATED_BY_INTEGRIN). The Kaplan Meier method was used to assess the association between mutated and unmutated genes with overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). All results were reported at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS The largest cohort included 1662 patients (discovery set) and comprised 350 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 321 melanoma, 214 bladder, 151 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 138 head neck (HN), 126 esophageal/gastric (EG), 117 glioma, 110 colorectal (CRC), 90 cancer of unknown primary (CUP), and 45 breast cancer patients. ICI treatments included PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors (n=1256), anti-CTLA4 inhibitors (n=146) or both (n=260). 170 patients (10% of the entire cohort) harbored mutations in PIK3CG (6%), RET (3%), SYK (1.4%), LYN (1.4%), PTPN11 (1.3%), and CRKL (0.1%) genes. Presence of these mutations was more frequent in melanoma (18%), followed by CRC (14.5%), CUP (11%), and NSCLC (11%). Patients with mutated tumors experienced a significantly longer median OS (41 months) compared to those without alterations (16 months, log-rank P<0.001). The favorable prognostic value of PIK3CG, RET, SYK, LYN, PTPN11, and CRKL alterations was confirmed in three melanoma cohorts (validation set, n=212, P=0.024). Assessment of mutation status of these genes in a fourth cohort of NSCLC patients (n=75) revealed a predictive significance as well, with regard to PFS after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab combination (P=0.048). CONCLUSION Mutations and/or structural variations in integrin signaling genes may have prognostic and predictive value in patients with metastatic malignancies who receive ICIs. Although confirmation in larger studies with concurrent investigation of underlying immunologic mechanisms is needed, these findings pose therapeutic implications for co-targeted approaches to overcome immune evasion and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine New York 10021, NY, USA
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Reis-Sobreiro M, Teixeira da Mota A, Jardim C, Serre K. Bringing Macrophages to the Frontline against Cancer: Current Immunotherapies Targeting Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:2364. [PMID: 34572013 PMCID: PMC8464913 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in all tissues and display outstanding functional diversity. From embryo to birth and throughout adult life, they play critical roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, immunity, and, importantly, in the control of cancer growth. In this review, we will briefly detail the multi-functional, protumoral, and antitumoral roles of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Our objective is to focus on the ever-growing therapeutic opportunities, with promising preclinical and clinical results developed in recent years, to modulate the contribution of macrophages in oncologic diseases. While the majority of cancer immunotherapies target T cells, we believe that macrophages have a promising therapeutic potential as tumoricidal effectors and in mobilizing their surroundings towards antitumor immunity to efficiently limit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.-S.); (A.T.d.M.); (C.J.)
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34
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Chandrasekaran S, Funk CR, Kleber T, Paulos CM, Shanmugam M, Waller EK. Strategies to Overcome Failures in T-Cell Immunotherapies by Targeting PI3K-δ and -γ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718621. [PMID: 34512641 PMCID: PMC8427697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ are critical regulators of T-cell differentiation, senescence, and metabolism. PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ signaling can contribute to T-cell inhibition via intrinsic mechanisms and regulation of suppressor cell populations, including regulatory T-cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor. We examine an exciting new role for using selective inhibitors of the PI3K δ- and γ-isoforms as modulators of T-cell phenotype and function in immunotherapy. Herein we review the current literature on the implications of PI3K-δ and -γ inhibition in T-cell biology, discuss existing challenges in adoptive T-cell therapies and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, and highlight ongoing efforts and future directions to incorporate PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ as synergistic T-cell modulators in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Chandrasekaran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Troy Kleber
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery/Microbiology & Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Leary A, Tan D, Ledermann J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in ovarian cancer: where do we stand? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211039899. [PMID: 34422119 PMCID: PMC8377306 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211039899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous retrospective studies have demonstrated that the density of intra-tumoral immune cell infiltration is prognostic in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC). These observations together with reports of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in advanced OC provided the rationale for investigating the benefit of programmed death-1 (PD1) or PD-L1 inhibition in OC. Unfortunately clinical trials to date evaluating PD1/PD-L1 inhibition in patients with relapsed OC have been disappointing. In this review we will discuss early results from single agent PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the strategies to enhance benefit from immune-oncology agents in OC, including proposing anti-PD-L1 in combination with other agents (cytotoxics, anti-angiogenics, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (PARP) inhibitors, targeted therapies or other immunotherapies), as well as evaluating these agents earlier in the disease course, or in biomarker selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leary
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - David Tan
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Ledermann
- UCL Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK and UCL Trials Centre, London, UK
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Sun P, Zhang X, Wang RJ, Ma QY, Xu L, Wang Y, Liao HP, Wang HL, Hu LD, Kong X, Ding J, Meng LH. PI3Kα inhibitor CYH33 triggers antitumor immunity in murine breast cancer by activating CD8 +T cells and promoting fatty acid metabolism. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e003093. [PMID: 34373258 PMCID: PMC8354295 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is frequently hyperactivated in cancer and plays important roles in both malignant and immune cells. The effect of PI3Kα inhibitors on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the modulation of the TME by a clinical PI3Kα-specific inhibitor CYH33. METHODS The activity of CYH33 against a panel of murine tumors in the immune-competent context or athymic mice was detected. Single-cell RNA sequencing and multi-parameter flow cytometry were performed to determine the immune profiling of TME. The effect of CYH33 on immune cells was conducted with primary murine cells. RESULTS CYH33 exhibited more potent antitumor activity in immune-competent context. CYH33 enhanced the infiltration and activation of CD8+T and CD4+T cells, while attenuating M2-like macrophages and regulatory CD4+T cells. Increase in memory T cells was confirmed by the induction of long-term immune memory on CYH33 treatment. Mechanistically, CYH33 relieved the suppressed expansion of CD8+T cells via preferential polarization of the macrophages to the M1 phenotype. CYH33 promoted fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the TME, while FA enhanced the activity of CD8+T cells in vitro. The combination of CYH33 with the FA synthase (FASN) inhibitor C75 synergistically inhibited tumor growth with enhanced host immunity. CONCLUSIONS CYH33 induces immune activation and synergizes with FASN inhibitor to further promote the antitumor immunity, which gains novel insights into how PI3K inhibitors exert their activity by modulating TME and provides a rationale for the concurrent targeting of PI3K and FASN in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Sun
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Dian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cuesta C, Arévalo-Alameda C, Castellano E. The Importance of Being PI3K in the RAS Signaling Network. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1094. [PMID: 34356110 PMCID: PMC8303222 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. Ras-driven cancers are usually aggressive and difficult to treat. Although the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first Ras G12C inhibitor is an important milestone, only a small percentage of patients will benefit from it. A better understanding of the context in which Ras operates in different tumor types and the outcomes mediated by each effector pathway may help to identify additional strategies and targets to treat Ras-driven tumors. Evidence emerging in recent years suggests that both oncogenic Ras signaling in tumor cells and non-oncogenic Ras signaling in stromal cells play an essential role in cancer. PI3K is one of the main Ras effectors, regulating important cellular processes such as cell viability or resistance to therapy or angiogenesis upon oncogenic Ras activation. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of Ras-dependent activation of PI3K both in physiological conditions and cancer, with a focus on how this signaling pathway contributes to the formation of a tumor stroma that promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.C.); (C.A.-A.)
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38
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Uehara M, Banouni N, Al Dulaijan BS, Azzi J, Ichimura T, Li X, Jarolim P, Fiorina P, Tullius SG, Madsen JC, Kasinath V, Abdi R. ACTH treatment promotes murine cardiac allograft acceptance. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143385. [PMID: 34236047 PMCID: PMC8410061 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease, but its long-term outcome remains inadequate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in inflammation, but how MCRs regulate the balance between alloreactive T cells and Tregs, and whether they impact chronic heart transplant rejection, is unknown. Here, we found that Tregs express MC2R, and MC2R expression was highest among all MCRs by Tregs. Our data indicate that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the sole ligand for MC2R, promoted the formation of Tregs by increasing the expression of IL-2Rα (CD25) in CD4+ T cells and activation of STAT5 in CD4+CD25+ T cells. ACTH treatment also improved the survival of heart allografts and increased the formation of Tregs in CD28KO mice. ACTH treatment synergized with the tolerogenic effect of CTLA-4–Ig, resulting in long-term survival of heart allografts and an increase in intragraft Tregs. ACTH administration also demonstrated higher prolongation of heart allograft survival in transgenic mouse recipients with both complete KO and conditional KO of PI3Kγ in T cells. Finally, ACTH treatment reduced chronic rejection markedly. These data demonstrate that ACTH treatment improved heart transplant outcomes, and this effect correlated with an increase in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, and.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
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Chang WI, Han MG, Kang MH, Park JM, Kim EE, Bae J, Ahn S, Kim IA. PI3Kαδ Inhibitor Combined With Radiation Enhances the Antitumor Immune Effect of Anti-PD1 in a Syngeneic Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:845-858. [PMID: 33642128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The poor response of breast cancer to immune checkpoint blockade might result from low immunogenicity and the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that in situ tumor vaccination via radiation therapy (RT) and suppression of immune tolerance via phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibition would enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS AND MATERIALS 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were grown in both immune-competent and -deficient BALB/c mice, and tumors were irradiated with 24 Gy in 3 fractions. A PD-1 blockade and a PI3Kαδ inhibitor were then administered every other day for 2 weeks. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry served to monitor subsequent changes in immune cell repertoire. RESULTS The triple combination of RT, PD-1 blockade, and PI3Kαδ inhibitor significantly delayed tumor growth. The immune-deficient syngeneic 4T1 murine tumor model failed to show this tumor growth delay. Use of RT and PI3Kαδ inhibitor increased the proportions of CD8+ T cells; PI3Kαδ inhibitor led to a decrease in regulatory T cells and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The triple combination resulted in a remarkable increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, suggesting a prominent immune-modulatory effect. The abscopal effect was most prominent in the triple-combination therapy group, and it correlated with splenic CD8+ T cell accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively indicate that combining RT, PI3Kαδ inhibitor, and PD-1 blockade could be a viable approach, helping to overcome the therapeutic resistance of immunologically cold tumors, such as breast cancer, with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ick Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Guk Han
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute and Department of Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Kang
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Park
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute and Department of Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Eunshik Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Bae
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute and Department of Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Agostinetto E, Debien V, Marta GN, Lambertini M, Piccart-Gebhart M, de Azambuja E. CDK4/6 and PI3K inhibitors: A new promise for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13535. [PMID: 33662161 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer represents a heterogeneous breast cancer subtype, including both oestrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative tumours. A deeper understanding of the crosstalk between ER and HER2 receptor pathways has led to the development of treatment strategies consisting of a simultaneous blockade of both signalling pathways, as a reasonable approach to prevent the onset of mechanisms of resistance. METHODS This review was based on the material searched on PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases and on conference proceedings from major oncology conferences up to 15 December 2020. The search strategy included the following keywords: 'HER2-positive breast cancer', 'CDK4-6 inhibitors' and 'PI3K inhibitors', and was adapted for use with different bibliographic databases. RESULTS CDK4/6 and PI3K inhibitors are two classes of agents already approved in patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Recently, promising data with their use have been also shown in HER2+ disease. Results from preclinical and clinical studies are shedding light on the role of these classes of agents in HER2+ breast cancer, and are paving the road for a forthcoming change in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment landscape for HER2+ breast cancer is rapidly changing, and CDK4/6 and PI3K inhibitors represent a new promising strategy to improve patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agostinetto
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Véronique Debien
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guilherme Nader Marta
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
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Kim I, Rajamanickam V, Bernard B, Chun B, Wu Y, Martel M, Sun Z, Redmond WL, Sanchez K, Basho R, McArthur H, Page DB. A Case Series of Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma Treated With Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635237. [PMID: 34168978 PMCID: PMC8217650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare and often chemo-refractory subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent studies have reported overexpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in metaplastic breast cancers, and there are several reports of anti-PD-1/L1 being potentially active in this disease. In this case series, we present 5 patients with metastatic metaplastic breast cancer treated with anti-PD-1-based therapy at a single center, with 3 of 5 cases demonstrating a response to therapy, and one of the responding cases being a metaplastic lobular carcinoma with low-level hormone receptor expression. Cases were evaluated for PD-L1 expression, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), DNA mutations, RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor sequencing. Duration of the response in these cases was limited, in contrast to the more durable responses noted in other recently published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kim
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Venkatesh Rajamanickam
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brady Bernard
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brie Chun
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yaping Wu
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maritza Martel
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zhaoyu Sun
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William L. Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Katherine Sanchez
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Reva Basho
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heather McArthur
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B. Page
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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Xie Q, Ding J, Chen Y. Role of CD8 + T lymphocyte cells: Interplay with stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1365-1378. [PMID: 34221857 PMCID: PMC8245853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are pivotal cells in the host response to antitumor immunity. Tumor-driven microenvironments provide the conditions necessary for regulating infiltrating CD8+ T cells in favor of tumor survival, including weakening CD8+ T cell activation, driving tumor cells to impair immune attack, and recruiting other cells to reprogram the immune milieu. Also in tumor microenvironment, stromal cells exert immunosuppressive skills to avoid CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. In this review, we explore the universal function and fate decision of infiltrated CD8+ T cells and highlight their antitumor response within various stromal architectures in the process of confronting neoantigen-specific tumor cells. Thus, this review provides a foundation for the development of antitumor therapy based on CD8+ T lymphocyte manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai HaiHe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Luo XY, Wu KM, He XX. Advances in drug development for hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical trials and potential therapeutic targets. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:172. [PMID: 34006331 PMCID: PMC8130401 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest health burdens worldwide, few drugs are available for its clinical treatment. However, in recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in the development of new drugs due to intensive fundamental research and numerous clinical trials in HCC. Traditional systemic therapy schemes and emerging immunotherapy strategies have both advanced. Between 2017 and 2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a variety of drugs for the treatment of HCC, including multikinase inhibitors (regorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab), immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), and bevacizumab combined with atezolizumab. Currently, there are more than 1000 ongoing clinical trials involving HCC, which represents a vibrant atmosphere in the HCC drug research and development field. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine approaches are being gradually optimized. This review summarizes FDA-approved agents for HCC, elucidates promising agents evaluated in clinical phase I/II/III trials and identifies emerging targets for HCC treatment. In addition, we introduce the development of HCC drugs in China. Finally, we discuss potential problems in HCC drug therapy and possible future solutions and indicate future directions for the development of drugs for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yuan Luo
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kong-Ming Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhou L, Xu B, Liu Y, Wang Z. Tertiary lymphoid structure signatures are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1915574. [PMID: 34104539 PMCID: PMC8143239 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1915574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy that block PD-1–PD-L1 pathway can induce durable tumor control and result in the long-term survival of patients with advanced bladder cancers. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. We study gene expression profiles in 1763 muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) and 11,835 solid tumors from TCGA. We establish an immune-based classification on the basis of the composition of the tumor microenvironment and identify six distinct phenotypes. The class F was characterized by a strong tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) related gene expression signature. Pan-cancer gene expression analysis of tertiary lymphoid structure markers in 11,835 solid tumors from TCGA unveiled the heterogeneity of TLSs abundance both within and between human cancer types. The class F group demonstrated improved survival and a high response rate to PD1 blockade. This work confirms the immune subtypes in patients with MIBC, and unravels the potential of TLS signatures to guide clinical decision-making and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan C, Yang J, Saleh N, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Abramson VG, Mayer IA, Richmond A. Inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer to Enhance Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5207. [PMID: 34069042 PMCID: PMC8156389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway suppresses breast cancer (BC) growth, enhances anti-tumor immune responses, and works synergistically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The objective here was to identify a subclass of PI3K inhibitors that, when combined with paclitaxel, is effective in enhancing response to ICI. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were orthotopically implanted with syngeneic luminal/triple-negative-like PyMT cells exhibiting high endogenous PI3K activity. Tumor growth in response to treatment with anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 (ICI), paclitaxel (PTX), and either the PI3Kα-specific inhibitor alpelisib, the pan-PI3K inhibitor copanlisib, or the broad spectrum PI3K/mTOR inhibitor gedatolisib was evaluated in reference to monotherapy or combinations of these therapies. Effects of these therapeutics on intratumoral immune populations were determined by multicolor FACS. RESULTS Treatment with alpelisib + PTX inhibited PyMT tumor growth and increased tumor-infiltrating granulocytes but did not significantly affect the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and did not synergize with ICI. Copanlisib + PTX + ICI significantly inhibited PyMT growth and increased activation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells as compared to ICI alone, yet did not inhibit tumor growth more than ICI alone. In contrast, gedatolisib + ICI resulted in significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to ICI alone and induced durable dendritic-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and NK-cell responses. Adding PTX to this regimen yielded complete regression in 60% of tumors. CONCLUSION PI3K/mTOR inhibition plus PTX heightens response to ICI and may provide a viable therapeutic approach for treatment of metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.Y.); (J.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.Y.); (J.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.Y.); (J.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Vandana G. Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.G.A.); (I.A.M.)
| | - Ingrid A. Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.G.A.); (I.A.M.)
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.Y.); (J.Y.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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Zhang Z, Richmond A. The Role of PI3K Inhibition in the Treatment of Breast Cancer, Alone or Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:648663. [PMID: 34026830 PMCID: PMC8139556 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.648663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is highly implicated in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and the development of resistance to the current standard of care treatments in breast cancer patients. This review discusses the role of PI3K pathway in breast cancer and evaluates the clinical development of PI3K inhibitors in both early and metastatic breast cancer settings. Further, this review examines the evidence for the potential synergistic benefit for the combination treatment of PI3K inhibition and immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
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47
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Li C, Li X. Advances in Therapy for Hormone Receptor (HR)-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Have Experienced Progression After Treatment with CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2929-2939. [PMID: 33976551 PMCID: PMC8104980 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancer (BC) cases are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) BC. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have acted as star drugs for reversing endocrine therapy (ET) resistance and improving the prognosis of patients with HR+ advanced breast cancer (ABC) since they were initially approved. However, progression eventually occurs. In this review, we summarize the recent treatment strategies post CDK4/6 inhibitors: 1) CDK4/6 inhibitors plus exemestane and everolimus; 2) phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor alpelisib plus fulvestrant for patients with PIK3CA mutation; 3) poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for patients with germline PALB2 mutations, somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, or germline BRCA1/2 mutations; 4) exemestane and everolimus; and (5) chemotherapy. These strategies are all supported by evidence from clinical trials and retrospective studies. We also describe potential future treatment strategies post CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as the trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) directed antibody–drug conjugate, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitors, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China
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Yap TA, Parkes EE, Peng W, Moyers JT, Curran MA, Tawbi HA. Development of Immunotherapy Combination Strategies in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1368-1397. [PMID: 33811048 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer through inhibitors of CTLA4 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the landscape of cancer. Rational combination strategies aim to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapies, but require a deep understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immune system and robust preclinical and clinical drug development strategies. We review the current approved immunotherapy combinations, before discussing promising combinatorial approaches in clinical trials and detailing innovative preclinical model systems being used to develop rational combinations. We also discuss the promise of high-order immunotherapy combinations, as well as novel biomarker and combinatorial trial strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors are approved as dual checkpoint strategies, and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors for multiple cancers, patient benefit remains limited. Innovative approaches are required to guide the development of novel immunotherapy combinations, ranging from improvements in preclinical tumor model systems to biomarker-driven trial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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49
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Xing J, Yang J, Gu Y, Yi J. Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 33717263 PMCID: PMC7885152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Buparlisib is a highly efficient and selective PI3K inhibitor and a member of the 2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidine-derived family of compounds. It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Buparlisib has been confirmed to have a clinical effect in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A global, phase II clinical trial with buparlisib and paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has now been completed, with a manageable safety profile. Buparlisib currently has fast-track status with the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present review examined the biochemical structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics, preclinical data and ongoing clinical studies of buparlisib. The various mechanisms of influence of buparlisib in tumors, particularly in preclinical research, were summarized, providing a theoretical basis and direction for basic research on and clinical treatment with buparlisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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50
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Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:310-345. [PMID: 33338426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite such an elevated degree of molecular specificity, many clinically employed and experimental targeted anticancer agents also mediate immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects that (at least in some settings) influence therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the main immunomodulatory effects of targeted anticancer agents and explore potential avenues to harness them in support of superior clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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