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Lishman-Walker E, Coffey K. Casein Kinase 1α-A Target for Prostate Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2436. [PMID: 39001502 PMCID: PMC11240421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a key driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and, as such, current mainstay treatments target this molecule. However, resistance commonly arises to these therapies and, therefore, additional targets must be evaluated to improve patient outcomes. Consequently, alternative approaches for indirectly targeting the AR are sought. AR crosstalk with other signalling pathways, including several protein kinase signalling cascades, has been identified as a potential route to combat therapy resistance. The casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of protein kinases phosphorylate a multitude of substrates, allowing them to regulate a diverse range of pathways from the cell cycle to DNA damage repair. As well as its role in several signalling pathways that are de-regulated in PCa, mutational data suggest its potential to promote prostate carcinogenesis. CK1α is one isoform predicted to regulate AR activity via phosphorylation and has been implicated in the progression of several other cancer types. In this review, we explore how the normal biological function of CK1 is de-regulated in cancer, the impact on signalling pathways and how this contributes towards prostate tumourigenesis, with a particular focus on the CK1α isoform as a novel therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lishman-Walker
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kelly Coffey
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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2
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Li C, Mao X, Song L, Sheng J, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. Unveiling HOXB7 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker through pan-cancer computer screening. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108562. [PMID: 38728993 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
We attempted to investigate the role of HOXB7 in tumor progression and evolution by means of an extensive computer screening analysis of various cancer types. We performed univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to assess the impact of HOXB7 on overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in different types of cancer. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between HOXB7 and several clinical features: tumor microenvironment, immune regulatory genes, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). We performed gene set enrichment analysis to gain deeper insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of HOXB7, and validated our findings through functional assays in cells, including methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity and Transwell invasion assays. HOXB7 expression was associated with different clinical characteristics in numerous malignancies. Higher HOXB7 expression was associated with worse OS, DSS, and PFI in some cancer types. In particular, HOXB7 expression was favorably associated with immune cell infiltration, immune regulatory genes, immunological checkpoints, TMB, and MSI in malignancies. Furthermore, we identified a strong link between copper death-associated gene expression and HOXB7 expression. According to the findings of this study, HOXB7 might serve as an appealing focus for tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy and a prospective indicator of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xulong Mao
- Department of Cardiology, First School of Clinical Medicine College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Lanlan Song
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jueqi Sheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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3
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Augello MA, Chen X, Liu D, Lin K, Hakansson A, Sjöström M, Khani F, Deonarine LD, Liu Y, Travascio-Green J, Wu J, Loda M, Feng FY, Robinson BD, Davicioni E, Sboner A, Barbieri CE. Canonical AREs are tumor suppressive regulatory elements in the prostate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581466. [PMID: 38464162 PMCID: PMC10925218 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is the central determinant of prostate tissue identity and differentiation, controlling normal, growth-suppressive prostate-specific gene expression 1 . It is also a key driver of prostate tumorigenesis, becoming "hijacked" to drive oncogenic transcription 2-5 . However, the regulatory elements determining the execution of the growth suppressive AR transcriptional program, and whether this can be reactivated in prostate cancer (PCa) cells remains unclear. Canonical androgen response element (ARE) motifs are the classic DNA binding element for AR 6 . Here, we used a genome-wide strategy to modulate regulatory elements containing AREs to define distinct AR transcriptional programs. We find that activation of these AREs is specifically associated with differentiation and growth suppressive transcription, and this can be reactivated to cause death in AR + PCa cells. In contrast, repression of AREs is well tolerated by PCa cells, but deleterious to normal prostate cells. Finally, gene expression signatures driven by ARE activity are associated with improved prognosis and luminal phenotypes in human PCa patients. This study demonstrates that canonical AREs are responsible for a normal, growth-suppressive, lineage-specific transcriptional program, that this can be reengaged in PCa cells for potential therapeutic benefit, and genes controlled by this mechanism are clinically relevant in human PCa patients.
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4
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Saha D, Dang HX, Zhang M, Quigley DA, Feng FY, Maher CA. Single cell-transcriptomic analysis informs the lncRNA landscape in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:14. [PMID: 38396008 PMCID: PMC10891057 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal form of prostate cancer. Although long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in mCRPC, past studies have relied on bulk sequencing methods with low depth and lack of single-cell resolution. Hence, we performed a lncRNA-focused analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data (n = 14) from mCRPC biopsies followed by integration with bulk multi-omic datasets. This yielded 389 cell-enriched lncRNAs in prostate cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment with regulatory elements and exhibited alterations during prostate cancer progression. Prostate-lncRNAs were correlated with AR mutational status and response to treatment with enzalutamide, while TME-lncRNAs were associated with RB1 deletions and poor prognosis. Finally, lncRNAs identified between prostate adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors exhibited distinct expression and methylation profiles. Our findings demonstrate the ability of single-cell analysis to refine our understanding of lncRNAs in mCRPC and serve as a resource for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Saha
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Mao Y, He Y, Wu X, Wu J, Sheng L. ID2 Promotes Lineage Transition of Prostate Cancer through FGFR and JAK-STAT Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:392. [PMID: 38254880 PMCID: PMC10814654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) has led to an increase in the proportion of AR-null prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), but the mechanism underlying this lineage transition has not been elucidated. We found that ID2 expression was increased in AR-null prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that ID2 promotes PCa malignancy and can confer resistance to enzalutamide in PCa cells. We generated an ID2 UP50 signature, which is capable of determining resistance to enzalutamide and is valuable for predicting patient prognosis. Functional experiments showed that ID2 could activate stemness-associated JAK/STAT and FGFR signaling while inhibiting the AR signaling pathway. Our study indicates a potentially strong association between ID2 and the acquisition of a stem-like phenotype in adenocarcinoma cells, leading to resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and next-generation ARPIs in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (J.Z.); (X.W.)
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Zamalloa LG, Pruitt MM, Hermance NM, Gali H, Flynn RL, Manning AL. RB loss sensitizes cells to replication-associated DNA damage after PARP inhibition by trapping. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302067. [PMID: 37704395 PMCID: PMC10500056 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) interacts physically and functionally with a number of epigenetic modifying enzymes to control transcriptional regulation, respond to replication stress, promote DNA damage response and repair, and regulate genome stability. To better understand how disruption of RB function impacts epigenetic regulation of genome stability and determine whether such changes represent exploitable weaknesses of RB-deficient cancer cells, we performed an imaging-based screen to identify epigenetic inhibitors that promote DNA damage and compromise the viability of RB-deficient cells. We found that loss of RB alone leads to high levels of replication-dependent poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) and that preventing PARylation by trapping PARP enzymes on chromatin enables RB-deficient cells to progress to mitosis with unresolved replication stress. These defects contribute to high levels of DNA damage and compromised cell viability. We demonstrate this sensitivity is conserved across a panel of drugs that target both PARP1 and PARP2 and can be suppressed by reexpression of the RB protein. Together, these data indicate that drugs that target PARP1 and PARP2 may be clinically relevant for RB-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gregory Zamalloa
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Pruitt
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Hermance
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Boston University School of Medicine, Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel L Flynn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amity L Manning
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
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7
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Saner FAM, Takahashi K, Budden T, Pandey A, Ariyaratne D, Zwimpfer TA, Meagher NS, Fereday S, Twomey L, Pishas KI, Hoang T, Bolithon A, Traficante N, Alsop K, Christie EL, Kang EY, Nelson GS, Ghatage P, Lee CH, Riggan MJ, Alsop J, Beckmann MW, Boros J, Brand AH, Brooks-Wilson A, Carney ME, Coulson P, Courtney-Brooks M, Cushing-Haugen KL, Cybulski C, El-Bahrawy MA, Elishaev E, Erber R, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Blake Gilks C, Harnett PR, Harris HR, Hartmann A, Hein A, Hendley J, Hernandez BY, Jakubowska A, Jimenez-Linan M, Jones ME, Kaufmann SH, Kennedy CJ, Kluz T, Koziak JM, Kristjansdottir B, Le ND, Lener M, Lester J, Lubiński J, Mateoiu C, Orsulic S, Ruebner M, Schoemaker MJ, Shah M, Sharma R, Sherman ME, Shvetsov YB, Singh N, Rinda Soong T, Steed H, Sukumvanich P, Talhouk A, Taylor SE, Vierkant RA, Wang C, Widschwendter M, Wilkens LR, Winham SJ, Anglesio MS, Berchuck A, Brenton JD, Campbell I, Cook LS, Doherty JA, Fasching PA, Fortner RT, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Huntsman DG, Karlan BY, Kelemen LE, Menon U, Modugno F, Pharoah PD, Schildkraut JM, Sundfeldt K, Swerdlow AJ, Goode EL, DeFazio A, Köbel M, Ramus SJ, Bowtell DDL, Garsed DW. Concurrent RB1 loss and BRCA-deficiency predicts enhanced immunological response and long-term survival in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.09.23298321. [PMID: 37986741 PMCID: PMC10659507 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.23298321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Somatic loss of the tumour suppressor RB1 is a common event in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), which frequently co-occurs with alterations in homologous recombination DNA repair genes including BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA). We examined whether tumour expression of RB1 was associated with survival across ovarian cancer histotypes (HGSC, endometrioid (ENOC), clear cell (CCOC), mucinous (MOC), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC)), and how co-occurrence of germline BRCA pathogenic variants and RB1 loss influences long-term survival in a large series of HGSC. Patients and methods RB1 protein expression patterns were classified by immunohistochemistry in epithelial ovarian carcinomas of 7436 patients from 20 studies participating in the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium and assessed for associations with overall survival (OS), accounting for patient age at diagnosis and FIGO stage. We examined RB1 expression and germline BRCA status in a subset of 1134 HGSC, and related genotype to survival, tumour infiltrating CD8+ lymphocyte counts and transcriptomic subtypes. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we deleted RB1 in HGSC cell lines with and without BRCA1 mutations to model co-loss with treatment response. We also performed genomic analyses on 126 primary HGSC to explore the molecular characteristics of concurrent homologous recombination deficiency and RB1 loss. Results RB1 protein loss was most frequent in HGSC (16.4%) and was highly correlated with RB1 mRNA expression. RB1 loss was associated with longer OS in HGSC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83, P = 6.8 ×10-7), but with poorer prognosis in ENOC (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.03, P = 0.0140). Germline BRCA mutations and RB1 loss co-occurred in HGSC (P < 0.0001). Patients with both RB1 loss and germline BRCA mutations had a superior OS (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.25-0.58, P = 5.2 ×10-6) compared to patients with either alteration alone, and their median OS was three times longer than non-carriers whose tumours retained RB1 expression (9.3 years vs. 3.1 years). Enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin (P < 0.01) and paclitaxel (P < 0.05) was seen in BRCA1 mutated cell lines with RB1 knockout. Among 126 patients with whole-genome and transcriptome sequence data, combined RB1 loss and genomic evidence of homologous recombination deficiency was correlated with transcriptional markers of enhanced interferon response, cell cycle deregulation, and reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in primary HGSC. CD8+ lymphocytes were most prevalent in BRCA-deficient HGSC with co-loss of RB1. Conclusions Co-occurrence of RB1 loss and BRCA mutation was associated with exceptionally long survival in patients with HGSC, potentially due to better treatment response and immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina A. M. Saner
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Lab, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola S. Meagher
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Twomey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen I. Pishas
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Therese Hoang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adelyn Bolithon
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eun-Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gregg S. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Prafull Ghatage
- Department of Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marjorie J. Riggan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Alsop
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Boros
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison H. Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Michael E. Carney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Penny Coulson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Madeleine Courtney-Brooks
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara L. Cushing-Haugen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mona A. El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Women’s Cancer, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul R. Harnett
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly R. Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - AOCS Group
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Michael E. Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catherine J. Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Björg Kristjansdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jenny Lester
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Sandra Orsulic
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Minouk J. Schoemaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raghwa Sharma
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T. Rinda Soong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helen Steed
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, North Zone, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paniti Sukumvanich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aline Talhouk
- British Columbia’s Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), University of British Columbia, BC Cancer, and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael S. Anglesio
- British Columbia’s Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), University of British Columbia, BC Cancer, and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renée T. Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia’s Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), University of British Columbia, BC Cancer, and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda E. Kelemen
- Division of Acute Disease Epidemiology, South Carolina Department of Health & Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anna DeFazio
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale W. Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Venkadakrishnan VB, Yamada Y, Weng K, Idahor O, Beltran H. Significance of RB Loss in Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity in Advanced Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:497-510. [PMID: 37052520 PMCID: PMC10239360 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells can undergo plasticity in response to environmental stimuli or under selective therapeutic pressures that result in changes in phenotype. This complex phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Lineage plasticity is often associated with loss of dependence on the original oncogenic driver and is facilitated, in part, by underlying genomic and epigenetic alterations. Understanding the molecular drivers of cancer plasticity is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The retinoblastoma gene RB1 (encoding RB) is the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and has a well-described role in cell-cycle regulation. RB is also involved in diverse cellular functions beyond cell cycle including differentiation. Here, we describe the emerging role of RB loss in unlocking cancer phenotypic plasticity and driving therapy resistance across cancer types. We highlight parallels in cancer with the noncanonical role of RB that is critical for normal development and lineage specification, and the downstream consequences of RB loss including epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin reorganization that can lead to changes in lineage program. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches geared toward RB loss cancers undergoing lineage reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenny Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osasenaga Idahor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Wang JZ, Patil V, Liu J, Dogan H, Tabatabai G, Yefet LS, Behling F, Hoffman E, Bunda S, Yakubov R, Kaloti R, Brandner S, Gao A, Cohen-Gadol A, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Skardelly M, Tatagiba M, Raleigh DR, Sahm F, Boutros PC, Aldape K, Nassiri F, Zadeh G. Increased mRNA expression of CDKN2A is a transcriptomic marker of clinically aggressive meningiomas. Acta Neuropathol 2023:10.1007/s00401-023-02571-3. [PMID: 37093270 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B was recently incorporated into the World Health Organization classification for grade 3 meningiomas. While this marker is overall rare in meningiomas, its relationship to other CDKN2A alterations on a transcriptomic, epigenomic, and copy number level has not yet been determined. We therefore utilized multidimensional molecular data of 1577 meningioma samples from 6 independent cohorts enriched for clinically aggressive meningiomas to comprehensively interrogate the spectrum of CDKN2A alterations through DNA methylation, copy number variation, transcriptomics, and proteomics using an integrated molecular approach. Homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions were identified in only 7.1% of cases but were associated with significantly poorer outcomes compared to tumors without these deletions. Heterozygous CDKN2A/B deletions were identified in 2.6% of cases and had similarly poor outcomes as those with homozygous deletions. Among tumors with intact CDKN2A/B (without a homozygous or heterozygous deletion), we found a distinct difference in outcome based on mRNA expression of CDKN2A, with meningiomas that had elevated mRNA expression (CDKN2Ahigh) having a significantly shorter time to recurrence. The expression of CDKN2A was independently prognostic after accounting for copy number loss and consistently increased with WHO grade and more aggressive molecular and methylation groups irrespective of cohort. Despite the discordant and mutually exclusive status of the CDKN2A gene in these groups, both CDKN2Ahigh meningiomas and meningiomas with CDKN2A deletions were enriched for similar cell cycle pathways but at different checkpoints. High mRNA expression of CDKN2A was also associated with gene hypermethylation, Rb-deficiency, and lack of response to CDK inhibition. p16 immunohistochemistry could not reliably differentiate between meningiomas with and without CDKN2A deletions but appeared to correlate better with mRNA expression. These findings support the role of CDKN2A mRNA expression as a biomarker of clinically aggressive meningiomas with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z Wang
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Patil
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Liu
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helin Dogan
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leeor S Yefet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felix Behling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elgin Hoffman
- Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Yakubov
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramneet Kaloti
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Gao
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Bloomington, IND, USA
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Zamalloa LG, Pruitt MM, Hermance NM, Gali H, Flynn RL, Manning AL. RB loss sensitizes cells to replication-associated DNA damage by PARP inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.532215. [PMID: 36993348 PMCID: PMC10055402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.532215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) interacts physically and functionally with a number of epigenetic modifying enzymes to control transcriptional regulation, respond to replication stress, promote DNA damage response and repair pathways, and regulate genome stability. To better understand how disruption of RB function impacts epigenetic regulation of genome stability and determine whether such changes may represent exploitable weaknesses of RB-deficient cancer cells, we performed an imaging-based screen to identify epigenetic inhibitors that promote DNA damage and compromise viability of RB-deficient cells. We found that loss of RB alone leads to high levels of replication-dependent poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) and that preventing PARylation through inhibition of PARP enzymes enables RB-deficient cells to progress to mitosis with unresolved replication stress and under-replicated DNA. These defects contribute to high levels of DNA damage, decreased proliferation, and compromised cell viability. We demonstrate this sensitivity is conserved across a panel of inhibitors that target both PARP1 and PARP2 and can be suppressed by re-expression of the RB protein. Together, these data indicate that inhibitors of PARP1 and PARP2 may be clinically relevant for RB-deficient cancers.
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11
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Tran PT, Lowe K, Tsai HL, Song DY, Hung AY, Hearn JW, Miller S, Proudfoot JA, Deek MP, Phillips R, Lotan T, Paller CJ, Marshall CH, Markowski M, Dipasquale S, Denmeade S, Carducci M, Eisenberger M, DeWeese TL, Orton M, Deville C, Davicioni E, Liauw SL, Heath EI, Greco S, Desai NB, Spratt DE, Feng F, Wang H, Beer TM, Antonarakis ES. Phase II Randomized Study of Salvage Radiation Therapy Plus Enzalutamide or Placebo for High-Risk Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: The SALV-ENZA Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1307-1317. [PMID: 36367998 PMCID: PMC9940936 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to investigate whether enzalutamide (ENZA), without concurrent androgen deprivation therapy, increases freedom from prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (FFPP) when combined with salvage radiation therapy (SRT) in men with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after RP were enrolled into a randomized, double-blind, phase II, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of SRT plus ENZA or placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02203695). Random assignment (1:1) was stratified by center, surgical margin status (R0 v R1), PSA before salvage treatment (PSA ≥ 0.5 v < 0.5 ng/mL), and pathologic Gleason sum (7 v 8-10). Patients were assigned to receive either ENZA 160 mg once daily or matching placebo for 6 months. After 2 months of study drug therapy, external-beam radiation (66.6-70.2 Gy) was administered to the prostate bed (no pelvic nodes). The primary end point was FFPP in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary end points were time to local recurrence within the radiation field, metastasis-free survival, and safety as determined by frequency and severity of adverse events. RESULTS Eighty-six (86) patients were randomly assigned, with a median follow-up of 34 (range, 0-52) months. Trial arms were well balanced. The median pre-SRT PSA was 0.3 (range, 0.06-4.6) ng/mL, 56 of 86 patients (65%) had extraprostatic disease (pT3), 39 of 86 (45%) had a Gleason sum of 8-10, and 43 of 86 (50%) had positive surgical margins (R1). FFPP was significantly improved with ENZA versus placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.92; P = .031), and 2-year FFPP was 84% versus 66%, respectively. Subgroup analyses demonstrated differential benefit of ENZA in men with pT3 (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.69) versus pT2 disease (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.43 to 5.47; Pinteraction = .019) and R1 (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.64) versus R0 disease (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.36 to 2.76; Pinteraction = .023). There were insufficient secondary end point events for analysis. The most common adverse events were grade 1-2 fatigue (65% ENZA v 53% placebo) and urinary frequency (40% ENZA v 49% placebo). CONCLUSION SRT plus ENZA monotherapy for 6 months in men with PSA-recurrent high-risk prostate cancer after RP is safe and delays PSA progression relative to SRT alone. The impact of ENZA on distant metastasis or survival is unknown at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathryn Lowe
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel Y. Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arthur Y. Hung
- Department of Radiation Medicine, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jason W.D. Hearn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven Miller
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Matthew P. Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ryan Phillips
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Channing J. Paller
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine H. Marshall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark Markowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shirl Dipasquale
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Samuel Denmeade
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Carducci
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mario Eisenberger
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theodore L. DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew Orton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Health Arnett, Lafayette, IN
| | - Curtiland Deville
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Stanley L. Liauw
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Elisabeth I. Heath
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Stephen Greco
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Neil B. Desai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Felix Feng
- Departments of Medicine, Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tomasz M. Beer
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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12
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Wildey G, Shay AM, McColl KS, Yoon S, Shatat MA, Perwez A, Spainhower KB, Kresak AM, Lipka M, Yang M, Behtaj M, Fu P, Alahmadi A, Mneimneh W, Abbas A, Dowlati A. Retinoblastoma Expression and Targeting by CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:264-273. [PMID: 36399634 PMCID: PMC9898162 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The canonical model of "small cell lung cancer" (SCLC) depicts tumors arising from dual inactivation of TP53 and RB1. However, many genomic studies have persistently identified tumors with no RB1 mutations. Here, we examined RB1 protein expression and function in SCLC. RB1 expression was examined by IHC analysis of 62 human SCLC tumors. These studies showed that ∼14% of SCLC tumors expressed abundant RB1 protein, which is associated with neuroendocrine gene expression and is enriched in YAP1 expression, but no other lineage proteins that stratify SCLC. SCLC cells and xenograft tumors with RB1 protein expression were sensitive to growth inhibition by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, and this inhibition was shown to be dependent on RB1 expression by CRISPR knockout. Furthermore, a patient with biopsy-validated wild-type RB1 SCLC who received the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib demonstrated a dramatic decrease in mutant TP53 ctDNA allelic fraction from 62.1% to 0.4% and decreased tumor mass on CT scans. Importantly, IHC of the diagnostic biopsy specimen showed RB1 positivity. Finally, we identified a transcriptomics-based RB1 loss-of-function signature that discriminates between SCLC cells with or without RB1 protein expression and validated it in the patient who was responsive to abemaciclib, suggesting its potential use to predict CDK4/6 inhibitor response in patients with SCLC. Our study demonstrates that RB1 protein is an actionable target in a subgroup of SCLC, a cancer that exhibits no currently targetable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wildey
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Ashley M. Shay
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Karen S. McColl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Suzy Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Mohammad A. Shatat
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Ahmad Perwez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Kyle B. Spainhower
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Adam M. Kresak
- Division of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - MaryBeth Lipka
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Michael Yang
- Division of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Mohadese Behtaj
- Division of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Asrar Alahmadi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Wadad Mneimneh
- Division of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center; Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106.,Corresponding author: Dr. Afshin Dowlati, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44016, 11-216-286-6741 (office), 11-216-844-5234 (FAX),
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13
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To NH, Kossai M, Ouidir N, Grellier N, Assaf E, Gabelle-Flandin I, Belkacemi Y, Radosevic-Robin N. Atypical responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with accelerated partial breast tumor-directed radiotherapy: two cases and considerations for future clinical trials. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:1114-1118. [PMID: 36632297 PMCID: PMC9826652 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2022.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Hanh To
- Department of Radiation Oncology and The Henri Mondor Breast Center, The Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France,University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Creteil, France,INSERM Unit 955, Immunoregulation and Biotherapy (I-Biot) Team, The Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), Creteil, France,Transatlantic Radiation Oncology Network (TRONE), Créteil, France
| | - Myriam Kossai
- Department of Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM Unit 1240 (IMoST), Radiopharmaceuticals & Biomarkers (RoBust) Team, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nabila Ouidir
- Department of Pathology, The Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Creteil, France
| | - Noemie Grellier
- Department of Radiation Oncology and The Henri Mondor Breast Center, The Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - Elias Assaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - Isabelle Gabelle-Flandin
- University Clinic of Cancerology-Radiotherapy, The Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Centre, La Tronche, France
| | - Yazid Belkacemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and The Henri Mondor Breast Center, The Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France,University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Creteil, France,INSERM Unit 955, Immunoregulation and Biotherapy (I-Biot) Team, The Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), Creteil, France,Transatlantic Radiation Oncology Network (TRONE), Créteil, France,Association of Radiation Oncologists in the Mediterranean region (AROME), Creteil, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM Unit 1240 (IMoST), Radiopharmaceuticals & Biomarkers (RoBust) Team, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Association of Radiation Oncologists in the Mediterranean region (AROME), Creteil, France
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14
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Febres-Aldana CA, Chang JC, Ptashkin R, Wang Y, Gedvilaite E, Baine MK, Travis WD, Ventura K, Bodd F, Yu HA, Quintanal-Villalonga A, Lai WV, Egger JV, Offin M, Ladanyi M, Rudin CM, Rekhtman N. Rb Tumor Suppressor in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Genomic and IHC Analysis with a Description of a Distinct Rb-Proficient Subset. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4702-4713. [PMID: 35792876 PMCID: PMC9623236 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RB1 mutations and loss of retinoblastoma (Rb) expression represent consistent but not entirely invariable hallmarks of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The prevalence and characteristics of SCLC retaining wild-type Rb are not well-established. Furthermore, the performance of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) versus immunohistochemistry for Rb assessment is not well-defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 208 clinical SCLC samples were analyzed by comprehensive targeted NGS, covering all exons of RB1, and Rb IHC. On the basis of established coordination of Rb/p16/cyclinD1 expression, p16-high/cyclinD1-low profile was used as a marker of constitutive Rb deficiency. RESULTS Fourteen of 208 (6%) SCLC expressed wild-type Rb, accompanied by a unique p16-low/cyclinD1-high profile supporting Rb proficiency. Rb-proficient SCLC was associated with neuroendocrine-low phenotype, combined SCLC with non-SCLC (NSCLC) histology and aggressive behavior. These tumors exclusively harbored CCND1 amplification (29%), and were markedly enriched in CDKN2A mutations (50%) and NSCLC-type alterations (KEAP1, STK11, FGFR1). The remaining 194 of 208 SCLC were Rb-deficient (p16-high/cyclinD1-low), including 184 cases with Rb loss (of which 29% lacked detectable RB1 alterations by clinical NGS pipeline), and 10 cases with mutated but expressed Rb. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to date to concurrently analyze Rb by NGS and IHC in SCLC, identifying a 6% rate of Rb proficiency. Pathologic-genomic data implicate NSCLC-related progenitors as a putative source of Rb-proficient SCLC. Consistent upstream Rb inactivation via CDKN2A/p16↓ and CCND1/cyclinD1↑ suggests the potential utility of CDK4/6 inhibitors in this aggressive SCLC subset. The study also clarifies technical aspects of Rb status determination in clinical practice, highlighting the limitations of exon-only sequencing for RB1 interrogation. See related commentary by Mahadevan and Sholl, p. 4603.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason C. Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Ryan Ptashkin
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Erika Gedvilaite
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Marina K. Baine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - William D. Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Katia Ventura
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Francis Bodd
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | | | - W. Victoria Lai
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Jacklynn V. Egger
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Michael Offin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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15
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Identification of phenocopies improves prediction of targeted therapy response over DNA mutations alone. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:58. [PMID: 36253482 PMCID: PMC9576758 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mutations in specific genes can confer preferential benefit from drugs targeting those genes. However, other molecular perturbations can “phenocopy” pathogenic mutations, but would not be identified using standard clinical sequencing, leading to missed opportunities for other patients to benefit from targeted treatments. We hypothesized that RNA phenocopy signatures of key cancer driver gene mutations could improve our ability to predict response to targeted therapies, despite not being directly trained on drug response. To test this, we built gene expression signatures in tissue samples for specific mutations and found that phenocopy signatures broadly increased accuracy of drug response predictions in-vitro compared to DNA mutation alone, and identified additional cancer cell lines that respond well with a positive/negative predictive value on par or better than DNA mutations. We further validated our results across four clinical cohorts. Our results suggest that routine RNA sequencing of tumors to identify phenocopies in addition to standard targeted DNA sequencing would improve our ability to accurately select patients for targeted therapies in the clinic.
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16
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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17
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Targeting the untargetable: RB1-deficient tumours are vulnerable to Skp2 ubiquitin ligase inhibition. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:969-975. [PMID: 35752713 PMCID: PMC9470583 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle are accumulated and degraded in a coordinated manner during the transition from one cell cycle phase to the next. The rapid loss of a critical protein, for example, to allow the cell to move from G1/G0 to S phase, is often regulated by its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is mediated by a series of three ligases, of which the E3 ligases provide the specificity for a particular protein substrate. One such E3 ligase is SCFSkp1/Cks1, which has a substrate recruiting subunit called S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2). Skp2 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, can act as an oncogene, and is overexpressed in human cancer. A primary target of Skp2 is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (CDKN1b) that regulates the cell cycle at several points. The RB1 tumour suppressor gene regulates Skp2 activity by two mechanisms: by controlling its mRNA expression, and by an effect on Skp2's enzymatic activity. For the latter, the RB1 protein (pRb) directly binds to the substrate-binding site on Skp2, preventing protein substrates from being ubiquitinated and degraded. Inactivating mutations in RB1 are common in human cancer, becoming more frequent in aggressive, metastatic, and drug-resistant tumours. Hence, RB1 mutation leads to the loss of pRb, an unrestrained increase in Skp2 activity, the unregulated decrease in p27, and the loss of cell cycle control. Because RB1 mutations lead to the loss of a functional protein, its direct targeting is not possible. This perspective will discuss evidence validating Skp2 as a therapeutic target in RB1-deficient cancer.
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18
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Westbrook TC, Guan X, Rodansky E, Flores D, Liu CJ, Udager AM, Patel RA, Haffner MC, Hu YM, Sun D, Beer TM, Foye A, Aggarwal R, Quigley DA, Youngren JF, Ryan CJ, Gleave M, Wang Y, Huang J, Coleman I, Morrissey C, Nelson PS, Evans CP, Lara P, Reiter RE, Witte O, Rettig M, Wong CK, Weinstein AS, Uzunangelov V, Stuart JM, Thomas GV, Feng FY, Small EJ, Yates JA, Xia Z, Alumkal JJ. Transcriptional profiling of matched patient biopsies clarifies molecular determinants of enzalutamide-induced lineage plasticity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5345. [PMID: 36109521 PMCID: PMC9477876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor enzalutamide (enza) is one of the principal treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several emergent enza clinical resistance mechanisms have been described, including lineage plasticity in which the tumors manifest reduced dependency on the AR. To improve our understanding of enza resistance, herein we analyze the transcriptomes of matched biopsies from men with metastatic CRPC obtained prior to treatment and at progression (n = 21). RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrates that enza does not induce marked, sustained changes in the tumor transcriptome in most patients. However, three patients' progression biopsies show evidence of lineage plasticity. The transcription factor E2F1 and pathways linked to tumor stemness are highly activated in baseline biopsies from patients whose tumors undergo lineage plasticity. We find a gene signature enriched in these baseline biopsies that is strongly associated with poor survival in independent patient cohorts and with risk of castration-induced lineage plasticity in patient-derived xenograft models, suggesting that tumors harboring this gene expression program may be at particular risk for resistance mediated by lineage plasticity and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Westbrook
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eva Rodansky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diana Flores
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chia Jen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Radhika A Patel
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Mei Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adam Foye
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack F Youngren
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Primo Lara
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Owen Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Rettig
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Wong
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alana S Weinstein
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Vlado Uzunangelov
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Josh M Stuart
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel A Yates
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Sanidas I, Lee H, Rumde PH, Boulay G, Morris R, Golczer G, Stanzione M, Hajizadeh S, Zhong J, Ryan MB, Corcoran RB, Drapkin BJ, Rivera MN, Dyson NJ, Lawrence MS. Chromatin-bound RB targets promoters, enhancers, and CTCF-bound loci and is redistributed by cell-cycle progression. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3333-3349.e9. [PMID: 35981542 PMCID: PMC9481721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of RB with chromatin is key to understanding its molecular functions. Here, for first time, we identify the full spectrum of chromatin-bound RB. Rather than exclusively binding promoters, as is often described, RB targets three fundamentally different types of loci (promoters, enhancers, and insulators), which are largely distinguishable by the mutually exclusive presence of E2F1, c-Jun, and CTCF. While E2F/DP facilitates RB association with promoters, AP-1 recruits RB to enhancers. Although phosphorylation in CDK sites is often portrayed as releasing RB from chromatin, we show that the cell cycle redistributes RB so that it enriches at promoters in G1 and at non-promoter sites in cycling cells. RB-bound promoters include the classic E2F-targets and are similar between lineages, but RB-bound enhancers associate with different categories of genes and vary between cell types. Thus, RB has a well-preserved role controlling E2F in G1, and it targets cell-type-specific enhancers and CTCF sites when cells enter S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sanidas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hanjun Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Purva H Rumde
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gabriel Golczer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marcelo Stanzione
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Soroush Hajizadeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Benjamin J Drapkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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20
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Soundararajan R, Viscuse P, Pilie P, Liu J, Logotheti S, Laberiano Fernández C, Lorenzini D, Hoang A, Lu W, Soto LMS, Wistuba II, Xu M, Song X, Shepherd PDA, Navone NM, Tidwell RSS, Lozano G, Logothetis C, Zhang J, Long JP, Estecio MR, Tzelepi V, Aparicio AM. Genotype-to-Phenotype Associations in the Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer Molecular Profile (AVPC-m) Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3233. [PMID: 35805010 PMCID: PMC9265062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive variant prostate cancer molecular profile (AVPC-m), composed of combined defects in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, characterizes a subset of prostate cancers linked to androgen indifference and platinum sensitivity. To contribute to the optimization of the AVPC-m assessment for inclusion in prospective clinical trials, we investigated the status of the AVPC-m components in 28 patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed at MDACC. We subjected single formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from each PDX to immunohistochemistry (IHC), targeted next-generation genomic sequencing (NGS) and Clariom-S Affymetrix human microarray expression profiling. Standard validated IHC assays and a 10% labeling index cutoff resulted in high reproducibility across three separate laboratories and three independent readers for all tumor suppressors, as well as strong correlations with loss-of-function transcriptional scores (LOF-TS). Adding intensity assessment to labeling indices strengthened the association between IHC results and LOF-TS for TP53 and RB1, but not for PTEN. For TP53, genomic alterations determined by NGS had slightly higher agreement scores with LOF-TS than aberrant IHC, while for RB1 and PTEN, NGS and IHC determinations resulted in similar agreement scores with LOF-TS. Nonetheless, our results indicate that the AVPC-m components can be assessed reproducibly by IHC using various widely available standardized assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Paul Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Patrick Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Caddie Laberiano Fernández
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Luisa Maren Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Mingchu Xu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Peter D. A. Shepherd
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Rebecca S. S. Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (R.S.S.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - James P. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (R.S.S.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Marcos R. Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ana M. Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
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21
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Flores M, Goodrich DW. Retinoblastoma Protein Paralogs and Tumor Suppression. Front Genet 2022; 13:818719. [PMID: 35368709 PMCID: PMC8971665 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.818719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) is the first tumor suppressor gene discovered and a prototype for understanding regulatory networks that function in opposition to oncogenic stimuli. More than 3 decades of research has firmly established a widespread and prominent role for RB1 in human cancer. Yet, this gene encodes but one of three structurally and functionally related proteins that comprise the pocket protein family. A central question in the field is whether the additional genes in this family, RBL1 and RBL2, are important tumor suppressor genes. If so, how does their tumor suppressor activity overlap or differ from RB1. Here we revisit these questions by reviewing relevant data from human cancer genome sequencing studies that have been rapidly accumulating in recent years as well as pertinent functional studies in genetically engineered mice. We conclude that RBL1 and RBL2 do have important tumor suppressor activity in some contexts, but RB1 remains the dominant tumor suppressor in the family. Given their similarities, we speculate on why RB1 tumor suppressor activity is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, NY, United States
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22
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Mandigo AC, Shafi AA, McCann JJ, Yuan W, Laufer TS, Bogdan D, Gallagher L, Dylgjeri E, Semenova G, Vasilevskaya IA, Schiewer MJ, McNair CM, de Bono JS, Knudsen KE. Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:221-234. [PMID: 34625422 PMCID: PMC9397633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina Semenova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris M McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Mandigo AC, Tomlins SA, Kelly WK, Knudsen KE. Relevance of pRB Loss in Human Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:255-264. [PMID: 34407969 PMCID: PMC9306333 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) is a known regulator of cell-cycle control; however, recent studies identified critical functions for pRB in regulating cancer-associated gene networks that influence the DNA damage response, apoptosis, and cell metabolism. Understanding the impact of these pRB functions on cancer development and progression in the clinical setting will be essential, given the prevalence of pRB loss of function across disease types. Moreover, the current state of evidence supports the concept that pRB loss results in pleiotropic effects distinct from tumor proliferation. Here, the implications of pRB loss (and resultant pathway deregulation) on disease progression and therapeutic response will be reviewed, based on clinical observation. Developing a better understanding of the pRB-regulated pathways that underpin the aggressive features of pRB-deficient tumors will be essential for further developing pRB as a biomarker of disease progression and for stratifying pRB-deficient tumors into more effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Tomlins
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William K. Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: Karen E. Knudsen, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Phone: 215-503-5692; E-mail:
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24
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Han W, Liu M, Han D, Li M, Toure AA, Wang Z, Besschetnova A, Patalano S, Macoska JA, Gao S, He HH, Cai C. RB1 loss in castration-resistant prostate cancer confers vulnerability to LSD1 inhibition. Oncogene 2022; 41:852-864. [PMID: 34975152 PMCID: PMC8818029 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic loss of RB1 is a common alteration in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is associated with poor patient outcomes. RB1 loss is also a critical event that promotes the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate cancer (PCa) induced by the androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibition (ARSi). The loss of Rb protein disrupts the Rb-E2F repressor complex and thus hyperactivates E2F transcription activators. While the impact of Rb inactivation on PCa progression and linage plasticity has been previously studied, there is a pressing need to fully understand underlying mechanisms and identify vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically targeted in Rb-deficient CRPC. Using an integrated cistromic and transcriptomic analysis, we have characterized Rb activities in multiple CRPC models by identifying Rb directly regulated genes and revealed that Rb has distinct binding sites and targets in CRPC with different genomic backgrounds. Significantly, we show that E2F1 chromatin binding and transcription activity in Rb-deficient CRPC are highly dependent on LSD1/KDM1A, and that Rb inactivation sensitizes CRPC tumor to the LSD1 inhibitor treatment. These results provide new molecular insights into Rb activity in PCa progression and suggest that targeting LSD1 activity with small molecule inhibitors may be a potential treatment strategy to treat Rb-deficient CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Dong Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Muqing Li
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Anthia A Toure
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Anna Besschetnova
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Susan Patalano
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jill A Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Shuai Gao
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Changmeng Cai
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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25
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Graf RP, Fisher V, Mateo J, Gjoerup OV, Madison RW, Raskina K, Tukachinsky H, Creeden J, Cunningham R, Huang RSP, Mata DA, Ross JS, Oxnard GR, Venstrom JM, Zurita AJ. Predictive Genomic Biomarkers of Hormonal Therapy Versus Chemotherapy Benefit in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 81:37-47. [PMID: 34716049 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers predicting second-generation novel hormonal therapy (NHT) benefit relative to taxanes are critical for optimized treatment decisions for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. These associations have not been reported simultaneously for common mCRPC genomic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictive associations of common genomic aberrations in mCRPC using an established comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study used data from a deidentified US-based clinicogenomic database comprising patients treated in routine clinical practice between 2011 and 2020, evaluated with Foundation Medicine CGP in tissue biopsies obtained around the time of treatment decision. The main cohort included 180 NHT and 179 taxane lines of therapy (LOTs) from 308 unique patients. The sequential cohort comprised a subset of the main cohort NHT LOTs immediately followed by taxane from 55 unique patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time to next treatment (TTNT), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Main cohort analyses were adjusted for known treatment assignment biases via inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) in treatment interaction models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In the main cohort, patients with AR amplification (ARamp) or PTEN aberrations (PTENalt) had worse relative PSA response on NHT versus taxanes compared with patients without. Patients with ARamp, PTENalt, or RB1 aberrations (RB1alt) also had worse relative TTNT and OS on NHT but not on taxanes. In multivariable models for TTNT and OS adjusted via IPTW, ARamp, PTENalt, and RB1alt were shown as poor prognostic factors overall and demonstrated significant treatment interactions, indicating reduced hazards of therapy switch and death on taxanes versus NHT. Consistent associations favoring increased benefit from subsequent taxane despite prior NHT treatment line were observed only for ARamp in the sequential cohort, in which very few patients had RB1alt for assessment. CONCLUSIONS ARamp status is a candidate biomarker to predict poor effectiveness of NHT relative to taxanes in mCRPC in scenarios where both options are considered. PATIENT SUMMARY Specific alterations in the DNA of tumors may assist in choosing between novel oral hormonal therapies and standard chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amado J Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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26
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Schiewer MJ, Knudsen KE. Basic Science and Molecular Genetics of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 48:339-347. [PMID: 34210489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor function, tumor cell plasticity, loss of tumor suppressors, and defects in DNA repair genes affect aggressive features of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer development, progression, and aggressive behavior are often attributable to function of the androgen receptor. Tumor cell plasticity, neuroendocrine features, and loss of tumor suppressors lend aggressive behavior to prostate cancer cells. DNA repair defects have ramifications for prostate cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Laboratory, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 804, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Urology Research Laboratory, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 804, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street BLSB 1050, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. https://twitter.com/SKCCDirector
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27
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Nyquist MD, Corella A, Coleman I, De Sarkar N, Kaipainen A, Ha G, Gulati R, Ang L, Chatterjee P, Lucas J, Pritchard C, Risbridger G, Isaacs J, Montgomery B, Morrissey C, Corey E, Nelson PS. Combined TP53 and RB1 Loss Promotes Prostate Cancer Resistance to a Spectrum of Therapeutics and Confers Vulnerability to Replication Stress. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107669. [PMID: 32460015 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers (PCs) with loss of the potent tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1 exhibit poor outcomes. TP53 and RB1 also influence cell plasticity and are frequently lost in PCs with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. Therapeutic strategies that address these aggressive variant PCs are urgently needed. Using deep genomic profiling of 410 metastatic biopsies, we determine the relationships between combined TP53 and RB1 loss and PC phenotypes. Notably, 40% of TP53/RB1-deficient tumors are classified as AR-active adenocarcinomas, indicating that NE differentiation is not an obligate consequence of TP53/RB1 inactivation. A gene expression signature reflecting TP53/RB1 loss is associated with diminished responses to AR antagonists and reduced survival. These tumors exhibit high proliferation rates and evidence of elevated DNA repair processes. While tumor cells lacking TP53/RB1 are highly resistant to all single-agent therapeutics tested, the combination of PARP and ATR inhibition is found to produce significant responses, reflecting a clinically exploitable vulnerability resulting from replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nyquist
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexandra Corella
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Navonil De Sarkar
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Roman Gulati
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jared Lucas
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gail Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - John Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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28
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Mandigo AC, Yuan W, Xu K, Gallagher P, Pang A, Guan YF, Shafi AA, Thangavel C, Sheehan B, Bogdan D, Paschalis A, McCann JJ, Laufer TS, Gordon N, Vasilevskaya IA, Dylgjeri E, Chand SN, Schiewer MJ, Domingo-Domenech J, Den RB, Holst J, McCue PA, de Bono JS, McNair C, Knudsen KE. RB/E2F1 as a Master Regulator of Cancer Cell Metabolism in Advanced Disease. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2334-2353. [PMID: 33879449 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a critical step in reprogramming biological networks that drive cancer progression, although mechanistic insight has been largely limited to the impact of RB loss on cell-cycle regulation. Here, isogenic modeling of RB loss identified disease stage-specific rewiring of E2F1 function, providing the first-in-field mapping of the E2F1 cistrome and transcriptome after RB loss across disease progression. Biochemical and functional assessment using both in vitro and in vivo models identified an unexpected, prominent role for E2F1 in regulation of redox metabolism after RB loss, driving an increase in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione, specific to advanced disease. These E2F1-dependent events resulted in protection from reactive oxygen species in response to therapeutic intervention. On balance, these findings reveal novel pathways through which RB loss promotes cancer progression and highlight potentially new nodes of intervention for treating RB-deficient cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies stage-specific consequences of RB loss across cancer progression that have a direct impact on tumor response to clinically utilized therapeutics. The study herein is the first to investigate the effect of RB loss on global metabolic regulation and link RB/E2F1 to redox control in multiple advanced diseases.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kexin Xu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angel Pang
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beshara Sheehan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Gordon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert B Den
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Hofmann MR, Hussain M, Dehm SM, Beltran H, Wyatt AW, Halabi S, Sweeney C, Scher HI, Ryan CJ, Feng FY, Attard G, Klein E, Miyahira AK, Soule HR, Sharifi N. Prostate Cancer Foundation Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Biomarker Working Group Meeting Summary. Urology 2020; 155:165-171. [PMID: 33373705 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy remains the backbone therapy for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). In recent years, several treatments, including docetaxel, abiraterone + prednisone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide, have each been shown to demonstrate survival benefit when used upfront along with androgen deprivation therapy. However, treatment selection for an individual patient remains a challenge. There is no high level clinical evidence for treatment selection among these choices based on biological drivers of clinical disease. In August 2020, the Prostate Cancer Foundation convened a working group to meet and discuss biomarkers for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, the proceedings of which are summarized here. This meeting covered the state of clinical and biological evidence for systemic therapies in the mHSPC space, with emphasis on charting a course for the generation, interrogation, and clinical implementation of biomarkers for treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Hofmann
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Maha Hussain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Susan Halabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Medical Center and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Eric Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
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31
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Motanagh S, Bridge JA, Linos K. Acral fibromyxoma with loss of Rb1 by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization: A diagnostically exploitable marker. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:295-301. [PMID: 32524651 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acral fibromyxoma (AF) is a slow growing benign soft tissue tumor with predilection to subungal and periungal region of the hands or feet. CD34 is consistently expressed whereas very recently loss of Rb1 expression was described as a possible driver molecular event for this entity. Herein we present two additional cases of AF with loss of Rb1 expression by IHC and subsequent confirmation of loss of the RB1 gene locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We hope to raise awareness in dermatopathology community of this new discovery, which can be diagnostically exploitable for this distinct and probably underreported neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Motanagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Julia A Bridge
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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32
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Chen WS, Feng EL, Aggarwal R, Foye A, Beer TM, Alumkal JJ, Gleave M, Chi KN, Reiter RE, Rettig MB, Evans CP, Small EJ, Sharifi N, Zhao SG. Germline polymorphisms associated with impaired survival outcomes and somatic tumor alterations in advanced prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:316-323. [PMID: 31745256 PMCID: PMC7529063 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germline variants in androgen metabolism genes may influence clinical response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in advanced prostate cancer. We sought to investigate the prognostic significance of germline variants in androgen metabolism genes with respect to overall survival (OS) after ADT, and to associate germline variants with tumor genomic features. METHODS Germline and somatic whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were evaluated in a cohort of 101 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Survival analyses were performed to identify polymorphisms associated with impaired OS after primary ADT. Germline variants found to be prognostic of OS were associated with tumor somatic DNA-sequence alterations based on WGS performed on paired metastasis biopsies from the same 101 patients. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed based on tumor RNA-sequencing data to identify genomic pathways differentially expressed in patients with germline variants. RESULTS A comprehensive literature review identified 17 candidate polymorphisms in nine androgen metabolism genes that have been previously shown to have an association with response to ADT in prostate cancer. Of these, the variant rs1856888 allele located 13 kb upstream of HSD3B1 was found to be significantly associated with impaired OS (P = 0.029). Variant rs1856888 was commonly co-inherited with the well-characterized HSD3B1(1245A>C) polymorphism, and there was a trend toward shorter median OS in patients with HSD3B1(1245A>C) compared with homozygous wild-type patients (P = 0.052). While HSD3B1 germline variants were not associated with common somatic tumor DNA alterations, they were associated with increased tumor expression of cell proliferation and cell cycle genes. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a comprehensive assessment of germline variants in androgen metabolism genes and highlights HSD3B1 polymorphisms as prognostic of OS after ADT and associated with an aggressive gene expression tumor profile in mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric L Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Foye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Rogel Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin Gleave
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Matthew B Rettig
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Knudsen ES, Nambiar R, Rosario SR, Smiraglia DJ, Goodrich DW, Witkiewicz AK. Pan-cancer molecular analysis of the RB tumor suppressor pathway. Commun Biol 2020; 3:158. [PMID: 32242058 PMCID: PMC7118159 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) plays a critical role in coordinating multiple pathways that impact cancer initiation, disease progression, and therapeutic responses. Here we probed molecular features associated with the RB-pathway across 31 tumor-types. While the RB-pathway has been purported to exhibit multiple mutually exclusive genetic events, only RB1 alteration is mutually exclusive with deregulation of CDK4/6 activity. An ER+ breast cancer model with targeted RB1 deletion was used to identify signatures of CDK4/6 activity and RB-dependency (CDK4/6-RB integrated signature). This signature was prognostic in tumor-types with gene expression features indicative of slower growth. Single copy loss on chromosome 13q encompassing the RB1 locus is prevalent in many cancers, yielding reduced expression of multiple genes in cis, and is inversely related to the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature supporting a cause-effect relationship. Genes that are positively and inversely correlated with the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature define new tumor-specific pathways associated with RB-pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Buffalo, USA. .,Center for Personalized Medicine, Buffalo, USA.
| | - Ram Nambiar
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Buffalo, USA
| | - Spencer R Rosario
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Dominic J Smiraglia
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Buffalo, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Center for Personalized Medicine, Buffalo, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Buffalo, USA.
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34
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Mandigo AC, Knudsen KE. Double Trouble: Concomitant RB1 and BRCA2 Depletion Evokes Aggressive Phenotypes. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1784-1786. [PMID: 32019859 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordinate single- or two copy loss of the BRCA2/RB1 tumor suppressor genes, which reside in close chromosomal proximity, were found to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer and therapeutic resistance. Modeling these events and analyses of human cancers suggest that dual depletion of BRCA2/RB1 may represent a distinct subtype of disease.See related article by Chakraborty et al., p. 2047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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35
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Chakraborty G, Armenia J, Mazzu YZ, Nandakumar S, Stopsack KH, Atiq MO, Komura K, Jehane L, Hirani R, Chadalavada K, Yoshikawa Y, Khan NA, Chen Y, Abida W, Mucci LA, Lee GSM, Nanjangud GJ, Kantoff PW. Significance of BRCA2 and RB1 Co-loss in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:2047-2064. [PMID: 31796516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous sequencing studies revealed that alterations of genes associated with DNA damage response (DDR) are enriched in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). BRCA2, a DDR and cancer susceptibility gene, is frequently deleted (homozygous and heterozygous) in men with aggressive prostate cancer. Here we show that patients with prostate cancer who have lost a copy of BRCA2 frequently lose a copy of tumor suppressor gene RB1; importantly, for the first time, we demonstrate that co-loss of both genes in early prostate cancer is sufficient to induce a distinct biology that is likely associated with worse prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prospectively investigated underlying molecular mechanisms and genomic consequences of co-loss of BRCA2 and RB1 in prostate cancer. We used CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi-based methods to eliminate these two genes in prostate cancer cell lines and subjected them to in vitro studies and transcriptomic analyses. We developed a 3-color FISH assay to detect genomic deletions of BRCA2 and RB1 in prostate cancer cells and patient-derived mCRPC organoids. RESULTS In human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and LAPC4), loss of BRCA2 leads to the castration-resistant phenotype. Co-loss of BRCA2-RB1 in human prostate cancer cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is associated with invasiveness and a more aggressive disease phenotype. Importantly, PARP inhibitors attenuate cell growth in human mCRPC-derived organoids and human CRPC cells harboring single-copy loss of both genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early identification of this aggressive form of prostate cancer offers potential for improved outcomes with early introduction of PARP inhibitor-based therapy.See related commentary by Mandigo and Knudsen, p. 1784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad O Atiq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lina Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rahim Hirani
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nabeela A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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36
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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37
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Choudhury AD, Beltran H. Retinoblastoma Loss in Cancer: Casting a Wider Net. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4199-4201. [PMID: 31101725 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Capturing both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms of retinoblastoma gene dysfunction has potential to improve risk stratification and patient selection for biomarker-driven therapy. A 186-gene expression signature is capable of identifying Rb loss across cancer types, providing a new framework for assessing Rb dysfunction based on transcriptome data.See related article by Chen et al., p. 4290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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