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Schoenfeld AJ, Lee SM, Doger de Spéville B, Gettinger SN, Häfliger S, Sukari A, Papa S, Rodríguez-Moreno JF, Graf Finckenstein F, Fiaz R, Catlett M, Chen G, Qi R, Masteller EL, Gontcharova V, He K. Lifileucel, an Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Monotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1389-1402. [PMID: 38563600 PMCID: PMC11294887 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this phase 2 multicenter study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of lifileucel (LN-145), an autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy, in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) who had received prior immunotherapy and progressed on their most recent therapy. The median number of prior systemic therapies was 2 (range, 1-6). Lifileucel was successfully manufactured using tumor tissue from different anatomic sites, predominantly lung. The objective response rate was 21.4% (6/28). Responses occurred in tumors with profiles typically resistant to immunotherapy, such as PD-L1-negative, low tumor mutational burden, and STK11 mutation. Two responses were ongoing at the time of data cutoff, including one complete metabolic response in a PD-L1-negative tumor. Adverse events were generally as expected and manageable. Two patients died of treatment-emergent adverse events: cardiac failure and multiple organ failure. Lifileucel is a potential treatment option for patients with mNSCLC refractory to prior therapy. Significance: Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy lifileucel was administered to 28 patients with heavily pretreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Responses were observed in patients with driver mutations, and various tumor mutational burdens and PD-L1 expression, potentially addressing an unmet medical need in patients with mNSCLC refractory to prior therapy. See related commentary by Lotze et al., p. 1366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Schoenfeld
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Sylvia M. Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | | | - Scott N. Gettinger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, North Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Simon Häfliger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Sophie Papa
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Rana Fiaz
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., San Carlos, California.
| | | | - Guang Chen
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., San Carlos, California.
| | - Rongsu Qi
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., San Carlos, California.
| | | | | | - Kai He
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Zhang Y, Fu H, Zhao Q. Current status and perspectives of clinical trials for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03608-z. [PMID: 39078471 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapies, mainly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized cancer treatment strategies over the past decade, but their limitations have limited clinical applications. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), which collects infiltrating lymphocytes at the tumor site and expands them in vitro to obtain TIL final products cloned by various T-cell receptors, subsequently reinfused TIL into the patient, which is effective for the treatment of solid tumors. The approval of Lifileucel for commercialization marks the success of TIL therapy. This review summarizes the current status of clinical trials of TIL treatment. In addition, it is suggested that the current research trend of TIL should focus on improving the survival time of TIL in vivo, reducing drug toxicity, and searching for prognostic markers. Finally, it is expected that TIL therapy can be applied to a more wide range of clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongye Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Martín-Lluesma S, Svane IM, Dafni U, Vervita K, Karlis D, Dimopoulou G, Tsourti Z, Rohaan MW, Haanen JBAG, Coukos G. Efficacy of TIL Therapy in Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma in the Current Immuno-oncology Era: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2024:S0923-7534(24)01497-2. [PMID: 39053767 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.07.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-ACT) has consistently shown efficacy in advanced melanoma. New results in the field provide now the opportunity to assess overall survival (OS) after TIL-ACT and to examine the effect of prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy on its efficacy. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed up to 29 February 2024. Ιn this meta-analysis we focused on studies including high-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2), doubling the patient numbers from our previous meta-analysis conducted up to December 20181 and using OS as the primary endpoint. Objective response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR) and duration of response (DOR) were secondary endpoints. Findings are synthesized using tables, Kaplan-Meier plots and forest plots. Pooled estimates for ORR and CRR were derived from fixed or random effect models. RESULTS A total of 13 HD IL-2 studies were included in this updated meta-analysis, with OS information available for 617 patients. No difference was found in median OS between studies with prior anti-PD-(L)1 treatment [n=238; 17.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI):13.8-20.5)] and without [n=379; 16.3 months (95%CI:14.2-20.6)] (log-rank p=0.53). ORR was estimated to be 34% (95%CI:16%-52%) and 44% (95%CI:37%-51%), for the studies with and without prior anti-PD-(L)1, respectively. The pooled estimate for CRR was 10% for both groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, either for ORR (p=0.15) or CRR (p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS Prior anti-PD-(L)1 treatment has no effect on the clinical response or survival benefit from TIL-ACT in advanced cutaneous melanoma. The benefit of TIL therapy in the second-line setting is also present post anti-PD-(L)1 treatment. Our data reinforce the evidence that TIL-ACT should be considered as a treatment of choice in second-line for metastatic melanoma patients failing anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martín-Lluesma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - I M Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - U Dafni
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - K Vervita
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - D Karlis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - G Dimopoulou
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Z Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - M W Rohaan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J B A G Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Oncology, Leiden, Netherlands; Melanoma Clinic, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Switzerland
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Rosenberg SA. Lymphocytes as a living drug for cancer. Science 2024; 385:25-26. [PMID: 38963837 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Using a patient's lymphocytes is approved to treat melanoma and has wider applications.
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Kuznetsova AV, Glukhova XA, Popova OP, Beletsky IP, Ivanov AA. Contemporary Approaches to Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2270. [PMID: 38927974 PMCID: PMC11201544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the arrival of the immunotherapy industry has introduced the possibility of providing transformative, durable, and potentially curative outcomes for various forms of malignancies. However, further research has shown that there are a number of issues that significantly reduce the effectiveness of immunotherapy, especially in solid tumors. First of all, these problems are related to the protective mechanisms of the tumor and its microenvironment. Currently, major efforts are focused on overcoming protective mechanisms by using different adoptive cell therapy variants and modifications of genetically engineered constructs. In addition, a complex workforce is required to develop and implement these treatments. To overcome these significant challenges, innovative strategies and approaches are necessary to engineer more powerful variations of immunotherapy with improved antitumor activity and decreased toxicity. In this review, we discuss recent innovations in immunotherapy aimed at improving clinical efficacy in solid tumors, as well as strategies to overcome the limitations of various immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xenia A. Glukhova
- Onni Biotechnologies Ltd., Aalto University Campus, Metallimiehenkuja 10, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (X.A.G.); (I.P.B.)
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
| | - Igor P. Beletsky
- Onni Biotechnologies Ltd., Aalto University Campus, Metallimiehenkuja 10, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (X.A.G.); (I.P.B.)
| | - Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Russian University of Medicine (Formerly A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bld 4, Dolgorukovskaya Str, 1127006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.)
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Choi J, Park KH, Kim YH, Sa JK, Sung HJ, Chen YW, Chen Z, Li C, Wen W, Zhang Q, Shu XO, Zheng W, Kim JS, Guo X. Large-Scale Cancer Genomic Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities between Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:712-720. [PMID: 38393316 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are predictive biomarkers for pan-cancer immunotherapy. The interrelationship between MSI-high (MSI-H) and TMB-high (TMB-H) in human cancers and their predictive value for immunotherapy in lung cancer remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed somatic mutation data from the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (n = 46,320) to determine the relationship between MSI-H and TMB-H in human cancers using adjusted multivariate regression models. Patient survival was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The association between MSI and genetic mutations was assessed. RESULTS Patients (31-89%) with MSI-H had TMB-low phenotypes across 22 cancer types. Colorectal and stomach cancers showed the strongest association between TMB and MSI. TMB-H patients with lung cancer who received immunotherapy exhibited significantly higher overall survival [HR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-0.86] and progression-free survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.91) compared to the TMB-low group; no significant benefit was observed in the MSI-H group. Patients with TMB and MSI phenotypes showed further improvement in overall survival and PFS. We identified several mutated genes associated with MSI-H phenotypes, including known mismatch repair genes and novel mutated genes, such as ARID1A and ARID1B. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that TMB-H and/or a combination of MSI-H can serve as biomarkers for immunotherapies in lung cancer. IMPACT These findings suggest that distinct or combined biomarkers should be considered for immunotherapy in human cancers because notable discrepancies exist between MSI-H and TMB-H across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Choi
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Sung
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qingrun Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Feng Q, Dong Z, Nie R, Wang X. Identifying Diffuse Glioma Subtypes Based on Pathway Enrichment Evaluation. Interdiscip Sci 2024:10.1007/s12539-024-00627-w. [PMID: 38637440 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-024-00627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly heterogeneous in molecular, histology, and microenvironment. However, a classification of gliomas by integrating different tumor microenvironment (TME) components remains unexplored. Based on the enrichment scores of 17 pathways involved in immune, stromal, DNA repair, and nervous system signatures in diffuse gliomas, we performed consensus clustering to uncover novel subtypes of gliomas. Consistently in three glioma datasets (TCGA-glioma, CGGA325, and CGGA301), we identified three subtypes: Stromal-enriched (Str-G), Nerve-enriched (Ner-G), and mixed (Mix-G). Ner-G was charactered by low immune infiltration levels, stromal contents, tumor mutation burden, copy number alterations, DNA repair activity, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, stemness, intratumor heterogeneity, androgen receptor expression and EGFR, PTEN, NF1 and MUC16 mutation rates, while high enrichment of neurons and nervous system pathways, and high tumor purity, estrogen receptor expression, IDH1 and CIC mutation rates, temozolomide response rate and overall and disease-free survival rates. In contrast, Str-G displayed contrastive characteristics to Ner-G. Our analysis indicates that the heterogeneity between glioma cells and neurons is lower than that between glioma cells and immune and stromal cells. Furthermore, the abundance of neurons is positively associated with clinical outcomes in gliomas, while the enrichment of immune and stromal cells has a negative association with them. Our classification method provides new insights into the tumor biology of gliomas, as well as clinical implications for the precise management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Feng
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zehua Dong
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rongfang Nie
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Xie X, Zhai J, Zhou X, Guo Z, Lo PC, Zhu G, Chan KWY, Yang M. Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Tracer Design to Biomedical Applications in Vasculature Abnormality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306450. [PMID: 37812831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique based on the response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to oscillating drive fields at the center of a static magnetic gradient. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is driven by uniform magnetic fields and projects the anatomic information of the subjects, MPI directly tracks and quantifies MNPs in vivo without background signals. Moreover, it does not require radioactive tracers and has no limitations on imaging depth. This article first introduces the basic principles of MPI and important features of MNPs for imaging sensitivity, spatial resolution, and targeted biodistribution. The latest research aiming to optimize the performance of MPI tracers is reviewed based on their material composition, physical properties, and surface modifications. While the unique advantages of MPI have led to a series of promising biomedical applications, recent development of MPI in investigating vascular abnormalities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and cancer are also discussed. Finally, recent progress and challenges in the clinical translation of MPI are discussed to provide possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xie
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jiao Zhai
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Levi S, Bank H, Mullinax J, Boland G. Precision Oncology in Melanoma and Skin Cancer Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:369-385. [PMID: 38401915 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
There has been perhaps no greater advance in the prognosis of solid tumors in the last decade than for patients with metastatic melanoma. This is due to significant improvements in treatment based on two key components of melanoma tumor biology (1) the identification of driver mutations with therapeutic potential and (2) the mechanistic understanding of a tumor-specific immune response. With breakthrough findings in such a relatively short period of time, the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma has become intensely personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Mullinax
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgery, MGH, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
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Albarrán Fernández V, Ballestín Martínez P, Stoltenborg Granhøj J, Borch TH, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Biomarkers for response to TIL therapy: a comprehensive review. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008640. [PMID: 38485186 PMCID: PMC10941183 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, substantiated by recent positive results of the first phase III trial on TIL therapy. Being a demanding and logistically complex treatment, extensive preclinical and clinical effort is required to optimize patient selection by identifying predictive biomarkers of response. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding the potential impact of tumor-related factors (such as mutational burden, neoantigen load, immune infiltration, status of oncogenic driver genes, and epigenetic modifications), patient characteristics (including disease burden and location, baseline cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, human leucocyte antigen haplotype, or prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anticancer therapies), phenotypic features of the transferred T cells (mainly the total cell count, CD8:CD4 ratio, ex vivo culture time, expression of exhaustion markers, costimulatory signals, antitumor reactivity, and scope of target tumor-associated antigens), and other treatment-related factors (such as lymphodepleting chemotherapy and postinfusion administration of interleukin-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán Fernández
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballestín Martínez
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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11
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Wan YTR, Koşaloğlu‐Yalçın Z, Peters B, Nielsen M. A large-scale study of peptide features defining immunogenicity of cancer neo-epitopes. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae002. [PMID: 38288446 PMCID: PMC10823584 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of immunogenicity for neo-epitopes arising from a cancer associated mutation is a crucial step in many bioinformatics pipelines that predict outcome of checkpoint blockade treatments or that aim to design personalised cancer immunotherapies and vaccines. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of peptide features relevant for prediction of immunogenicity using the Cancer Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (CEDAR), a curated database of cancer epitopes with experimentally validated immunogenicity annotations from peer-reviewed publications. The developed model, ICERFIRE (ICore-based Ensemble Random Forest for neo-epitope Immunogenicity pREdiction), extracts the predicted ICORE from the full neo-epitope as input, i.e. the nested peptide with the highest predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding potential combined with its predicted likelihood of antigen presentation (%Rank). Key additional features integrated into the model include assessment of the BLOSUM mutation score of the neo-epitope, and antigen expression levels of the wild-type counterpart which is often reflecting a neo-epitope's abundance. We demonstrate improved and robust performance of ICERFIRE over existing immunogenicity and epitope prediction models, both in cross-validation and on external validation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-tsai Richie Wan
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK 28002, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Koşaloğlu‐Yalçın
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK 28002, Denmark
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Natarelli N, Aleman SJ, Mark IM, Tran JT, Kwak S, Botto E, Aflatooni S, Diaz MJ, Lipner SR. A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:214. [PMID: 38399429 PMCID: PMC10892880 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better responses. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, sometimes involving lymph node dissection and biopsy, to assess the spread of the disease. Radiation therapy may be sometimes used as a standalone treatment or following surgical excision. Systemic chemotherapy, while having low response rates, is utilized as part of combination treatments or when other methods fail. The development of resistance to systemic chemotherapies and associated side effects have prompted further research and clinical trials for novel approaches. In the case of advanced-stage melanoma, a comprehensive approach may be necessary, incorporating targeted therapies and immunotherapies that demonstrate significant antitumor activity. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, are designed to block the specific molecules responsible for tumor growth. These therapies show promise, particularly in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapy, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, has been evidenced to improve progression-free survival; however, concerns about resistance and cutaneous toxicities highlight the need for close monitoring. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifileucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has demonstrated improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials continue to explore the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for advanced melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have enhanced outcomes. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, enhancing anticancer immunity. Oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, augments treatment efficacy in combination approaches. While immunotherapy has significantly advanced melanoma treatment, its success varies, prompting research into new drugs and factors influencing outcomes. This review provides insights into current melanoma treatments and recent therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Natarelli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabella M. Mark
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Tran
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sean Kwak
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth Botto
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shaliz Aflatooni
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Michael J. Diaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10021, USA
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13
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Chen E, Ling AL, Reardon DA, Chiocca EA. Lessons learned from phase 3 trials of immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Time for longitudinal sampling? Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:211-225. [PMID: 37995317 PMCID: PMC10836778 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM)'s median overall survival is almost 21 months. Six phase 3 immunotherapy clinical trials have recently been published, yet 5/6 did not meet approval by regulatory bodies. For the sixth, approval is uncertain. Trial failures result from multiple factors, ranging from intrinsic tumor biology to clinical trial design. Understanding the clinical and basic science of these 6 trials is compelled by other immunotherapies reaching the point of advanced phase 3 clinical trial testing. We need to understand more of the science in human GBMs in early trials: the "window of opportunity" design may not be best to understand complex changes brought about by immunotherapeutic perturbations of the GBM microenvironment. The convergence of increased safety of image-guided biopsies with "multi-omics" of small cell numbers now permits longitudinal sampling of tumor and biofluids to dissect the complex temporal changes in the GBM microenvironment as a function of the immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander L Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Klebanoff CA, Chandran SS, Baker BM, Quezada SA, Ribas A. T cell receptor therapeutics: immunological targeting of the intracellular cancer proteome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:996-1017. [PMID: 37891435 PMCID: PMC10947610 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) complex is a naturally occurring antigen sensor that detects, amplifies and coordinates cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from cell surface and intracellular proteins. Thus, TCRs enable the targeting of proteins selectively expressed by cancer cells, including neoantigens, cancer germline antigens and viral oncoproteins. As such, TCRs have provided the basis for an emerging class of oncology therapeutics. Herein, we review the current cancer treatment landscape using TCRs and TCR-like molecules. This includes adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing endogenous or engineered TCRs, TCR bispecific engagers and antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptides (TCR mimics). We discuss the unique complexities associated with the clinical development of these therapeutics, such as HLA restriction, TCR retrieval, potency assessment and the potential for cross-reactivity. In addition, we highlight emerging clinical data that establish the antitumour potential of TCR-based therapies, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, for the treatment of diverse human malignancies. Finally, we explore the future of TCR therapeutics, including emerging genome editing methods to safely enhance potency and strategies to streamline patient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Smita S Chandran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Achilles Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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van den Bulk J, Verdegaal EM, van der Ploeg M, Visser M, Nunes JB, de Ru AH, Tjokrodirijo RT, Ijsselsteijn ME, Janssen NI, van der Breggen R, de Bruin L, de Kok P, Janssen GM, Ruano D, Kapiteijn EH, van Veelen PA, de Miranda NF, van der Burg SH. Neoantigen Targetability in Progressive Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4278-4288. [PMID: 37540567 PMCID: PMC10570682 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The availability of (neo)antigens and the infiltration of tumors by (neo)antigen-specific T cells are crucial factors in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the targetability of (neo)antigens in advanced progessive melanoma and explore the potential for continued T-cell-based immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined a cohort of eight patients with melanoma who had sequential metastases resected at early and later time points. Antigen-presenting capacity was assessed using IHC and flow cytometry. T-cell infiltration was quantified through multiplex immunofluorescence. Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were conducted to identify neoantigens and assess the expression of neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens. Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate antigen presentation. Tumor recognition by autologous T cells was assessed by coculture assays with cell lines derived from the metastatic lesions. RESULTS We observed similar T-cell infiltration in paired early and later metastatic (LM) lesions. Although elements of the antigen-presenting machinery were affected in some LM lesions, both the early and later metastasis-derived cell lines were recognized by autologous T cells. At the genomic level, the (neo)antigen landscape was dynamic, but the (neo)antigen load was stable between paired lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that subsequently isolated tumors from patients with late-stage melanoma retain sufficient antigen-presenting capacity, T-cell infiltration, and a stable (neo)antigen load, allowing recognition of tumor cells by T cells. This indicates a continuous availability of T-cell targets in metastases occurring at different time points and supports further exploration of (neo)antigen-specific T-cell-based therapeutic approaches for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske van den Bulk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Els M.E. Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Ploeg
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joana B. Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rayman T.N. Tjokrodirijo
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Natasja I. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pita de Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - George M.C. Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H.W. Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Lybaert L, Thielemans K, Feldman SA, van der Burg SH, Bogaert C, Ott PA. Neoantigen-directed therapeutics in the clinic: where are we? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:503-519. [PMID: 37055237 PMCID: PMC10414146 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have brought immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment; however, only subsets of patients benefit from current approaches. Neoantigen-driven therapeutics specifically redirect the immune system of the patient to enable or reinduce its ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. The tumor specificity of this strategy spares healthy and normal cells from being attacked. Consistent with this concept, initial clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of neoantigen-directed personalized vaccines. We review neoantigen-driven therapy strategies as well as their promise and clinical successes to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven A Feldman
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Chatani PD, Lowery FJ, Parikh NB, Hitscherich KJ, Yossef R, Hill V, Gartner JJ, Paria B, Florentin M, Ray S, Bera A, Parkhust M, Robbins P, Krishna S, Rosenberg SA. Cell surface marker-based capture of neoantigen-reactive CD8 + T-cell receptors from metastatic tumor digests. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006264. [PMID: 37258038 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular immunotherapies using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce durable regression of epithelial cancers in selected patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease. As the genetic engineering of T cells with tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) comes to the forefront of clinical investigation, the rapid, scalable, and cost-effective detection of patient-specific neoantigen-reactive TIL remains a top priority. METHODS We analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic states of 31 neoantigen-specific T-cell clonotypes to identify cell surface dysfunction markers that best identified the metastatic transcriptional states enriched with antitumor TIL. We developed an efficient method to capture neoantigen-reactive TCRs directly from resected human tumors based on cell surface co-expression of CD39, programmed cell death protein-1, and TIGIT dysfunction markers (CD8+ TILTP). RESULTS TILTP TCR isolation achieved a high degree of correlation with single-cell transcriptomic signatures that identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs, making it a cost-effective strategy using widely available resources. Reconstruction of additional TILTP TCRs from tumors identified known and novel antitumor TCRs, showing that at least 39.5% of TILTP TCRs are neoantigen-reactive or tumor-reactive. Despite their substantial enrichment for neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes, clonal dynamics of 24 unique antitumor TILTP clonotypes from four patients indicated that most in vitro expanded TILTP populations failed to demonstrate neoantigen reactivity, either by loss of neoantigen-reactive clones during TIL expansion, or through functional impairment during cognate neoantigen recognition. CONCLUSIONS While direct usage of in vitro-expanded CD8+ TILTP as a source for cellular therapy might be precluded by profound TIL dysfunction, isolating TILTP represents a streamlined effective approach to rapidly identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs to design engineered cellular immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D Chatani
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neilesh B Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle J Hitscherich
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Parkhust
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Rosenberg SA, Parkhurst MR, Robbins PF. Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy for patients with solid epithelial cancers. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:646-648. [PMID: 37037613 PMCID: PMC10184665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to apply adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy to patients with common epithelial cancers have been stimulated by the demonstration that the majority of these patients contain lymphocytes reactive against the expressed products of their cancer mutations. Early efforts to specifically target these antigens have been promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Maria R Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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White BS, Sindiri S, Hill V, Gasmi B, Nah S, Gartner JJ, Prickett TD, Li Y, Gurusamy D, Robbins P, Rosenberg SA, Leko V. Specific recognition of an FGFR2 fusion by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006303. [PMID: 37045473 PMCID: PMC10106037 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a form of gastrointestinal cancer that originates from the bile ducts, cannot be cured by currently available therapies, and is associated with dismal prognosis. In a previous case report, adoptive transfer of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the majority of which recognized a tumor-specific point mutation, led to a profound and durable cancer regression in a patient with metastatic CC. Thus, more effective treatment for patients with this disease may be developed by using TILs that target cancer-specific mutations, but also other genetic aberrations such as gene fusions. In this context, fusions that involve fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and function as oncogenes in a subset of patients with intrahepatic CC (ICC) represent particularly attractive targets for adoptive cell therapy. However, no study to date has explored whether FGFR2 fusions can be recognized by patients' T cells. METHOD To address whether FGFR2 fusions can be recognized by patients' T cells, we tested TILs from four patients with FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC for recognition of peptides and minigenes that represented the breakpoint regions of these fusions, which were unique to each of the four patients. RESULTS We found that CD4+ TILs from one patient specifically recognized the breakpoint region of a unique FGFR2-TDRD1 (tudor domain-containing 1) fusion, and we isolated a T-cell receptor responsible for its recognition. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that FGFR2 fusion-reactive TILs can be isolated from some patients with metastatic ICC, and thus provides a rationale for future exploration of T cell-based therapy targeting FGFR2 fusions in patients with cancer. Furthermore, it augments the rationale for extending such efforts to other types of solid tumors hallmarked by oncogenic gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Billel Gasmi
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shirley Nah
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D Prickett
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Vid Leko
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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20
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Wu Y, Feng L. Biomaterials-assisted construction of neoantigen vaccines for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:323-333. [PMID: 36634017 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer vaccine represents a promising strategy toward personalized immunotherapy, and its therapeutic potency highly relies on the specificity of tumor antigens. Among these extensively studied tumor antigens, neoantigens, a type of short synthetic peptides derived from random somatic mutations, have been shown to be able to elicit tumor-specific antitumor immune response for tumor suppression. However, challenges remain in the efficient and safe delivery of neoantigens to antigen-presenting cells inside lymph nodes for eliciting potent and sustained antitumor immune responses. The rapid advance of biomaterials including various nanomaterials, injectable hydrogels, and macroscopic scaffolds has been found to hold great promises to facilitate the construction of efficient cancer vaccines attributing to their high loading and controllable release capacities. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent advances in the utilization of different types of biomaterials to construct neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, followed by a simple perspective on the future development of such biomaterial-assisted cancer neoantigen vaccination and personalized immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION These latest progresses in biomaterial-assisted cancer vaccinations have shown great promises in boosting substantially potentiated tumor-specific antitumor immunity to suppress tumor growth, thus preventing tumor metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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21
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Liu Y, Yu L, Liang Y, Cheng X, Jiang S, Yu H, Zhang Z, Lu L, Qu B, Chen Y, Zhang X. Research landscape and trends of melanoma immunotherapy: A bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1024179. [PMID: 36698407 PMCID: PMC9868470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1024179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy for lung cancer has been a hot research area for years. This bibliometric analysis was intended to present research trends on melanoma immunotherapy. Method On April 1, 2022, the authors identified 2,109 papers on melanoma immunotherapy using the Web of Science and extracted their general information and the total number of citations. The authors then conducted a bibliometric analysis to present the research landscape, clarify the research trends, and determine the most cited papers (top-papers) as well as major journals on melanoma immunotherapy. Subsequently, recent research hotspots were identified by analyzing the latest articles in major journals. Results The total and median number of citations of these 2,109 papers on melanoma immunotherapy was 137,686 and 11, respectively. "Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma" by Hodi et al. was the most cited paper (9,824 citations). Among the journals, the top-paper number (16), average citations per paper (2,510.7), and top-papers rate (100%) of New England Journal of Medicine were the highest. Corresponding authors represented the USA took part in most articles (784). Since 2016, the hottest research area has changed from CTLA-4 to PD-1. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis comprehensively and quantitatively presents the research trends and hotspots based on 2,109 relevant publications, and further suggests future research directions. The researchers can benefit in selecting journals and in finding potential collaborators. This study can help researchers gain a comprehensive impression of the research landscape, historical development, and current hotspots in melanoma immunotherapy and can provide inspiration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Liu
- *Correspondence: Xiaotao Zhang, ; Yanhao Liu,
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22
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Chesney J, Lewis KD, Kluger H, Hamid O, Whitman E, Thomas S, Wermke M, Cusnir M, Domingo-Musibay E, Phan GQ, Kirkwood JM, Hassel JC, Orloff M, Larkin J, Weber J, Furness AJS, Khushalani NI, Medina T, Egger ME, Graf Finckenstein F, Jagasia M, Hari P, Sulur G, Shi W, Wu X, Sarnaik A. Efficacy and safety of lifileucel, a one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell therapy, in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies: pooled analysis of consecutive cohorts of the C-144-01 study. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005755. [PMID: 36600653 PMCID: PMC9748991 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced melanoma have limited treatment options after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Lifileucel, a one-time autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cell therapy, demonstrated an investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) of 36% in 66 patients who progressed after ICI and targeted therapy. Herein, we report independent review committee (IRC)-assessed outcomes of 153 patients treated with lifileucel in a large multicenter Phase 2 cell therapy trial in melanoma. METHODS Eligible patients had advanced melanoma that progressed after ICI and targeted therapy, where appropriate. Melanoma lesions were resected (resected tumor diameter ≥1.5 cm) and shipped to a central good manufacturing practice facility for 22-day lifileucel manufacturing. Patients received a non-myeloablative lymphodepletion regimen, a single lifileucel infusion, and up to six doses of high-dose interleukin-2. The primary endpoint was IRC-assessed ORR (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1). RESULTS The Full Analysis Set consisted of 153 patients treated with lifileucel, including longer-term follow-up on the 66 patients previously reported. Patients had received a median of 3.0 lines of prior therapy (81.7% received both anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated protein 4) and had high disease burden at baseline (median target lesion sum of diameters (SOD): 97.8 mm; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >upper limit of normal: 54.2%). ORR was 31.4% (95% CI: 24.1% to 39.4%), with 8 complete responses and 40 partial responses. Median duration of response was not reached at a median study follow-up of 27.6 months, with 41.7% of the responses maintained for ≥18 months. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 13.9 and 4.1 months, respectively. Multivariable analyses adjusted for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status demonstrated that elevated LDH and target lesion SOD >median were independently correlated with ORR (p=0.008); patients with normal LDH and SOD <median had greater likelihood of response than those with either (OR=2.08) or both (OR=4.42) risk factors. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (≥30%) were thrombocytopenia (76.9%), anemia (50.0%), and febrile neutropenia (41.7%). CONCLUSIONS Investigational lifileucel demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in heavily pretreated patients with advanced melanoma and high tumor burden. Durable responses and a favorable safety profile support the potential benefit of one-time lifileucel TIL cell therapy in patients with limited treatment options in ICI-refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chesney
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Karl D Lewis
- Medical Oncology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Medical Oncology, Hematology & Oncology, Melanoma and Onco-Dermatology, Genitourinary Oncology, Yale New Haven Health Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Omid Hamid
- Hematology Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, a Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric Whitman
- Atlantic Health System Cancer Care, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sajeve Thomas
- Hematology and Oncology, Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Martin Wermke
- Technische Universität Dresden - NCT/UCC Early Clinical Trial Unit, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Mike Cusnir
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Evidio Domingo-Musibay
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giao Q Phan
- Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Medicine, Dermatology and Translational Science, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Skin Cancer Center, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Larkin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Weber
- Department of Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nikhil I Khushalani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Theresa Medina
- Medical Oncology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael E Egger
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Madan Jagasia
- Iovance Biotherapeutics Inc, San Carlos, California, USA
| | | | - Giri Sulur
- Iovance Biotherapeutics Inc, San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Iovance Biotherapeutics Inc, San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Xiao Wu
- Iovance Biotherapeutics Inc, San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Amod Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Nakamura K, Okuyama R. Changes in the Immune Cell Repertoire for the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12991. [PMID: 36361781 PMCID: PMC9658693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used for the treatment of various types of cancers, including malignant melanoma. Mechanistic exploration of tumor immune responses is essential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Since tumor immune responses are based on antigen-specific immune responses, investigators have focused on T cell receptors (TCRs) and have analyzed changes in the TCR repertoire. The proliferation of T cell clones against tumor antigens is detected in patients who respond to treatment with ICIs. The proliferation of these T cell clones is observed within tumors as well as in the peripheral blood. Clonal proliferation has been detected not only in CD8-positive T cells but also in CD4-positive T cells, resident memory T cells, and B cells. Moreover, changes in the repertoire at an early stage of treatment seem to be useful for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Further analyses of the repertoire of immune cells are desirable to improve and predict the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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