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Doi T, Takahashi S, Aoki D, Yonemori K, Hara H, Hasegawa K, Takehara K, Harano K, Yunokawa M, Nomura H, Shimoi T, Horie K, Ogasawara A, Okame S. A first-in-human phase I study of TAS-117, an allosteric AKT inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:605-616. [PMID: 38411735 PMCID: PMC11129975 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE TAS-117 is a highly potent and selective, oral, allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for advanced/metastatic solid tumors. The safety, clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics and efficacy were investigated. METHODS This phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating, first-in-human study enrolled patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors and comprised three phases (dose escalation phase [DEP], regimen modification phase [RMP], and safety assessment phase [SAP]). The SAP dose and regimen were determined in the DEP and RMP. Once-daily and intermittent dosing (4 days on/3 days off, 21-day cycles) were investigated. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in Cycle 1 of the DEP and RMP and incidences of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the SAP. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and antitumor activity. RESULTS Of 66 enrolled patients, 65 received TAS-117 (DEP, n = 12; RMP, n = 10; SAP, n = 43). No DLTs were reported with 24-mg/day intermittent dosing, which was selected as a recommended dose in SAP. In the SAP, 98.5% of patients experienced both AEs and ADRs (grade ≥ 3, 67.7% and 60.0%, respectively). In the dose range tested (8 to 32 mg/day), TAS-117 pharmacokinetics were dose proportional, and pharmacodynamic analysis showed a reduction of phosphorylated PRAS40, a direct substrate of AKT. Four patients in the SAP had confirmed partial response. CONCLUSION Oral doses of TAS-117 once daily up to 16 mg/day and intermittent dosing of 24 mg/day were well tolerated. TAS-117 pharmacokinetics were dose proportional at the doses evaluated. Antitumor activity may occur through AKT inhibition. TRIAL REGISTRATION jRCT2080222728 (January 29, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Doi
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Akasaka Sannou Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Mayu Yunokawa
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nomura
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Koji Horie
- Saitama Cancer Center, Kita-Adachi, Japan
| | - Aiko Ogasawara
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
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Huynh H, Ng WH, Soo KC. Everolimus Acts in Synergy with Vinorelbine to Suppress the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:17. [PMID: 38203186 PMCID: PMC10779360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging cancer to treat, as traditional chemotherapies have shown limited effectiveness. The mammalian target of rapamycin/sirolimus (mTOR) and microtubules are prominent druggable targets for HCC. In this study, we demonstrated that co-targeting mTOR using mTOR inhibitors (everolimus and sirolimus) along with the microtubule inhibitor vinorelbine yielded results superior to those of the monotherapies in HCC PDX models. Our research showed that the vinorelbine arrests cells at the mitotic phase, induces apoptosis, and normalizes tumor blood vessels but upregulates survivin and activates the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. The addition of the everolimus significantly improved the tumor response to the vinorelbine, leading to improved overall survival (OS) in most tested orthotopic HCC PDX models. The mechanistic investigation revealed that this marked antitumor effect was accompanied by the downregulations of mTOR targets (p-p70S6K, p-4EBP1, and p-S6K); several key cell-cycle regulators; and the antiapoptotic protein survivin. These effects did not compromise the normalization of the blood vessels observed in response to the vinorelbine in the vinorelbine-sensitive PDX models or to the everolimus in the everolimus-sensitive PDX models. The combination of the everolimus and vinorelbine (everolimus/vinorelbine) also promoted apoptosis with minimal toxicity. Given the cost-effectiveness and established effectiveness of everolimus, and especially sirolimus, this strategy warrants further investigation in early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore;
| | - Wai Har Ng
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore;
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
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3
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Tiwari S, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Quatramer™ Mediated Codelivery of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 Dual Inhibitor Augments the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Epirubicin in Breast Cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:184-193. [PMID: 36087881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The disruption and overexpression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway in cancer results in tumor growth, metastasis, and survival. Treatment with common anthracyclines has confirmed cancer cells' dependence on PI3K pathway through overexpression of AKT. Moreover, combining HDAC inhibitor with anthracycline has shown the targeting of breast cancer stem cells. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the co-delivery of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 dual inhibitor with Epirubicin using polymeric nanoparticle could increase the anti-cancer treatment efficacy with reduced toxicity. Pluronic modified polylactic acid block copolymer (quatramer) was used for encapsulation of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 and Epirubicin. The co-encapsulated nanoparticles, PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs have shown size of 99±3 nm, PDI of 0.18±0.07 with a sustained and slow-release profile in non-physiological buffer (PBS, pH 7.4). The in-vitro cell proliferation inhibition studies done on 2D and 3D culture of breast cancer cell lines have confirmed the synergistic effect of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs with lower IC50 values compared to PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-NPs and Epi-NPs. Additionally, intravenous twice a week treatment for three weeks with PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs resulted in complete tumor eradication in the syngeneic breast tumor mice model. In comparison, the PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-NPs and Epi-NPs result in tumor growth inhibition of 15.86% and 81.59%, respectively. These studies predicted that clinical use of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6-Epi-NPs will be effective in breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchidanand Tiwari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston-02115, MA, USA.
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, New Delhi 110023, India.
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4
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Choudhury AD. PTEN-PI3K pathway alterations in advanced prostate cancer and clinical implications. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S60-S72. [PMID: 35657152 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic targeting of advanced prostate cancer, it remains the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is commonly altered in prostate cancer, most frequently through loss of the PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) tumor suppressor, and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration, and survival. METHODS This study summarizes signaling through the PTEN/PI3K pathway, alterations in pathway components commonly seen in advanced prostate cancer, and results of clinical trials of pathway inhibitors reported to date with a focus on more recently reported studies. It also reviews rationale for combination approaches currently under study, including with taxanes, immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and discusses future directions in biomarker testing and therapeutic targeting of this pathway. RESULTS Clinical trials studying pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K, AKT or mTOR kinases have demonstrated modest activity of specific agents, with several trials of pathway inhibitors currently in progress. A key challenge is the importance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in noncancerous tissues, leading to predictable but often severe toxicities at therapeutic doses. RESULTS Further advances in selective pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in tumors, development of rational combinations, and appropriate biomarker selection to identify the appropriate tumor- and patient-specific vulnerabilities will be required to optimize clinical benefit from therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Hall DCN, Benndorf RA. Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:393. [PMID: 35780223 PMCID: PMC9250486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin's prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C N Hall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Jin M, Kong L, Han Y, Zhang S. Gut microbiota enhances the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to 5-fluorouracil in vivo by increasing curcumin bioavailability. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5823-5837. [PMID: 34374130 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is efficient for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but fast-emerging resistance limits its usage. Curcumin is being investigated for its potential chemosensitivity, but its low oral bioavailability hinders its chemosensitivity effect in vivo. Gut microbiota modulation is considered to contribute to its bioactivities in vivo. In the current study, we demonstrate that curcumin can enhance 5-Fu chemosensitivity in HCC cells in vitro, increase the apoptosis rate, arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and block the PI3k/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and its downstream protein kinases. Curcumin also remarkably sensitized H22 cells to 5-Fu, allowing it to inhibit tumour growth in vivo. 16S rDNA sequencing suggests that curcumin in combination with 5-Fu significantly alters the gut microbiota composition based on alpha and beta diversity analysis compared to drug treatment alone. Gut microbiota depletion abolished curcumin's chemosensitivity effect in vivo. A pharmacodynamics study suggested that the gut microbiota increased the oral bioavailability of curcumin (AUC(0-t) 15.24 ± 0.77 μM/h [wt] vs. 3.04 ± 0.18 μM/h [gut microbiota depleted]). In conclusion, curcumin can increase the chemosensitivity of HCC to 5-Fu in vitro and in vivo, and gut microbiota plays a key role in its effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Combined with Liver Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union medical college, Beijing, China
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7
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Gris-Oliver A, Ibrahim YH, Rivas MA, García-García C, Sánchez-Guixé M, Ruiz-Pace F, Viaplana C, Pérez-García JM, Llombart-Cussac A, Grueso J, Parés M, Guzmán M, Rodríguez O, Anton P, Cozar P, Calvo MT, Bruna A, Arribas J, Caldas C, Dienstmann R, Nuciforo P, Oliveira M, Cortés J, Serra V. PI3K activation promotes resistance to eribulin in HER2-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1581-1591. [PMID: 33723394 PMCID: PMC8076303 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eribulin is a microtubule-targeting agent approved for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC) previously treated with anthracycline- and taxane-based regimens. PIK3CA mutation is associated with worse response to chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic BC. We aimed to evaluate the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway mutations in eribulin resistance. METHODS Resistance to eribulin was evaluated in HER2- BC cell lines and patient-derived tumour xenografts, and correlated with a mutation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS Eleven out of 23 HER2- BC xenografts treated with eribulin exhibited disease progression. No correlation with ER status was detected. Among the resistant models, 64% carried mutations in PIK3CA, PIK3R1 or AKT1, but only 17% among the sensitive xenografts (P = 0.036). We observed that eribulin treatment induced AKT phosphorylation in vitro and in patient tumours. In agreement, the addition of PI3K inhibitors reversed primary and acquired resistance to eribulin in xenograft models, regardless of the genetic alterations in PI3K/AKT pathway or ER status. Mechanistically, PI3K blockade reduced p21 levels likely enabling apoptosis, thus sensitising to eribulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS PI3K pathway activation induces primary resistance or early adaptation to eribulin, supporting the combination of PI3K inhibitors and eribulin for the treatment of HER2- BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasir H Ibrahim
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín A Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celina García-García
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sánchez-Guixé
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiorella Ruiz-Pace
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Viaplana
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Judit Grueso
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Parés
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guzmán
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Anton
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cozar
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Calvo
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Preclinical Modelling of Paediatric Cancer Evolution Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Growth Factors Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA.
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Madrid, Spain.
- Breast Cancer GroupVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Ianevski A, Lahtela J, Javarappa KK, Sergeev P, Ghimire BR, Gautam P, Vähä-Koskela M, Turunen L, Linnavirta N, Kuusanmäki H, Kontro M, Porkka K, Heckman CA, Mattila P, Wennerberg K, Giri AK, Aittokallio T. Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe4038. [PMID: 33608276 PMCID: PMC7895436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive drug resistance requires rational approaches to design personalized combinatorial treatments that exploit patient-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities to selectively target disease-driving cell subpopulations. To solve the combinatorial explosion challenge, we implemented an effective machine learning approach that prioritizes patient-customized drug combinations with a desired synergy-efficacy-toxicity balance by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with ex vivo single-agent testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. When applied to two diagnostic and two refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient cases, each with a different genetic background, we accurately predicted patient-specific combinations that not only resulted in synergistic cancer cell co-inhibition but also were capable of targeting specific AML cell subpopulations that emerge in differing stages of disease pathogenesis or treatment regimens. Our functional precision oncology approach provides an unbiased means for systematic identification of personalized combinatorial regimens that selectively co-inhibit leukemic cells while avoiding inhibition of nonmalignant cells, thereby increasing their likelihood for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Sergeev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bishwa R Ghimire
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kontro
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Ma J, Fang L, Yang Q, Hibberd S, Du WW, Wu N, Yang BB. Posttranscriptional regulation of AKT by circular RNA angiomotin- like 1 mediates chemoresistance against paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11369-11381. [PMID: 31819016 PMCID: PMC6932896 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance of triple negative breast cancer against paclitaxel (PAX) is one of the major issues for the patients under chemotherapy. However, the mechanism by which the breast cancer cells are resistant to PAX remains unclear. Here, we identified a circular RNA of angiomotin-like 1 (circAMOTL1) as an important player which may be responsible for the adverse resistance against PAX in breast cancer cells. The circAMOTL1 were overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via transfection of circAMOTL1 construct. Overexpression of circAMOTL1 caused significant increase of cell viability, reduction of apoptosis, and enhancement of invasion when MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to PAX compared to those cells with vector control. Moreover, these resistant effects could be blocked by the application of circAMOTL1 siRNA. In these circAMOTL1 overexpressing cells, we found notable increase of both phosphorylated and total AKT protein, which suggested that AKT might be the downstream factor mediating the resistant effects. Consequently, the gene and protein expression of AKT related pro-apoptotic (BAX and BAK) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) factors were significantly changed by circAMOTL1 as well. These results suggest circAMOTL1 may play an important role in the PAX resistance of breast cancer cells via regulation of AKT pathway, facilitation of anti-apoptotic protein and inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein. While providing a new mechanism of PAX resistance in breast cancer cells, our findings may lay groundwork for a novel therapeutic target of the breast cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Steven Hibberd
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - William W. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Decker T, Marschner N, Muendlein A, Welt A, Hagen V, Rauh J, Schröder H, Jaehnig P, Potthoff K, Lerchenmüller C. VicTORia: a randomised phase II study to compare vinorelbine in combination with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus versus vinorelbine monotherapy for second-line chemotherapy in advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:637-647. [PMID: 31115844 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improving the outcome of patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer experiencing tumour progression following first-line chemotherapy remains an urgent medical need. The purpose of the VicTORia trial was to show superiority of everolimus in combination with vinorelbine versus vinorelbine monotherapy as second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced HER2 negative breast cancer. METHODS In this randomised phase II trial, 133 patients were recruited in 32 centres in Germany. Patients were randomised 1:1 to second-line chemotherapy either with vinorelbine plus everolimus (arm1) or vinorelbine alone (arm2). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were PFS rate at 6 months, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and safety. Baseline PI3 K mutational status was determined in plasma samples. RESULTS Median progression-free survival was not different between arms (arm1 vs. arm2: 4.01 months, 95% CI 2.40-6.09 vs. 4.08, 95% CI 2.80-5.33). PFS rate at 6 months (arm1 vs. arm2: 39.4%, 95% CI 27.6-50.9% vs. 36.6%, 95% CI 24.6-48.6%), median OS (arm1 vs. arm2: 16.3 months, 95% CI 11.4-19.0 vs. 13.8 months, 95% CI 10.2-19.1) and ORR were not different between arms. Most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (50% vs. 40%), gastrointestinal toxicities (19.1% vs. 6.1%), and infections (19.1% vs. 7.7%). PI3 K mutational status was neither associated with PFS nor with OS. CONCLUSION Although well tolerated, the efficacy of everolimus and vinorelbine combination therapy was not superior to vinorelbine monotherapy. There was no correlation between PI3 K mutational status and efficacy. EudracCT No 2011-001024-38, ClinicalTrials.gov No NCT01520103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Decker
- Onkologie Ravensburg, Elisabethenstraße 19, 88212, Ravensburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Marschner
- Praxis für interdisziplinäre Onkologie & Hämatologie GbR, Wirthstraße 11c, 79110, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Axel Muendlein
- VIVIT Labor, Campus V, Stadtstraße 33, 6850, Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Anja Welt
- Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung), Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Volker Hagen
- St Johannes Hospital, Johannesstraße 9-13, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Rauh
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Innere Medizin, Pferdebachstraße 29, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Helge Schröder
- AIO-Studien-gGmbH, Kuno-Fischer-Straße 8, 14057, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Jaehnig
- ICRC-Weyer GmbH, Bölschestraße 35, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Potthoff
- iOMEDICO AG, Ellen-Gottlieb-Straße 19, 79106, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christian Lerchenmüller
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Steinfurter Straße 60B, 48149, Münster, Germany
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11
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Hagenbuchner J, Lungkofler L, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Viola G, Ferlin MG, Ausserlechner MJ, Obexer P. The tubulin inhibitor MG-2477 induces autophagy-regulated cell death, ROS accumulation and activation of FOXO3 in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32009-32026. [PMID: 28415610 PMCID: PMC5458265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extra-cranial solid tumor in children with still high mortality in stage M. Here we studied the tubulin-inhibitor MG-2477 as a possible therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma therapy and uncovered that MG-2477 induces death in neuroblastoma cells independent of PKB-activation status and stage. MG-2477 triggers within 30 minutes extensive autophagosome-formation that finally leads to cell death associated with mitotic catastrophe. Autophagy is critical for MG-2477-induced death and is regulated by the BH3-only protein PMAIP1/NOXA which sequesters the anti-apoptotic BCL2-protein BCLXL and thereby displaces and activates the autophagy-regulator BECN1/beclin1. Knockdown of NOXA or overexpression of its pro-survival binding partners MCL1 and BCLXL counteracts MG-2477-induced cell death. MG-2477 also rapidly induces the repression of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin, which promotes autophagy and cell death. We further observed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that triggers autophagy induction suggesting a change of the PI3 kinase-III/BECN1 complex and activates the transcription factor FOXO3, which contributes to final cell death induction. The combined data suggest that MG-2477 induces a sequential process of ROS-accumulation, autophagy and FOXO3-activation that leads to cell death in neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Oncohematology Laboratory University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ferlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Multiplicity of acquired cross-resistance in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells is associated with feedback control of TUBB3 via FOXO3a-mediated ABCB1 regulation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34395-419. [PMID: 27284014 PMCID: PMC5085164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance is a primary obstacle for effective cancer therapy. The correlation of point mutations in class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) and the prominent overexpression of ATP-binding cassette P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), a multidrug resistance gene, have been protruding mechanisms of resistance to microtubule disruptors such as paclitaxel (PTX) for many cancers. However, the precise underlying mechanism of the rapid onset of cross-resistance to an array of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs in PTX-resistant cancers has been poorly understood. We determined that our established PTX-resistant cancer cells display ABCB1/ABCC1-associated cross-resistance to chemically different drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin. We found that feedback activation of TUBB3 can be triggered through the FOXO3a-dependent regulation of ABCB1, which resulted in the accentuation of induced PTX resistance and encouraged multiplicity in acquired cross-resistance. FOXO3a-directed regulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function suggests that control of ABCB1 involves methylation-dependent activation. Consistently, transcriptional overexpression or downregulation of FOXO3a directs inhibitor-controlled protease-degradation of TUBB3. The functional PI3K/Akt signaling is tightly responsive to FOXO3a activation alongside doxorubicin treatment, which directs FOXO3a arginine hypermethylation. In addition, we found that secretome factors from PTX-resistant cancer cells with acquired cross-resistance support a P-gp-dependent association in multidrug resistance (MDR) development, which assisted the FOXO3a-mediated control of TUBB3 feedback. The direct silencing of TUBB3 reverses induced multiple cross-resistance, reduces drug-resistant tumor mass, and suppresses the impaired microtubule stability status of PTX-resistant cells with transient cross-resistance. These findings highlight the control of the TUBB3 response to ABCB1 genetic suppressors as a mechanism to reverse the profuse development of multidrug resistance in cancer.
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13
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Abstract
PI3K/AKT signalling is commonly disrupted in human cancers, with AKT being a central component of the pathway, influencing multiple processes that are directly involved in tumourigenesis. Targeting AKT is therefore a highly attractive anti-cancer strategy with multiple AKT inhibitors now in various stages of clinical development. In this review, we summarise the role and regulation of AKT signalling in normal cellular physiology. We highlight the mechanisms by which AKT signalling can be hyperactivated in cancers and discuss the past, present and future clinical strategies for AKT inhibition in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Udai Banerji
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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14
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CWF-145, a novel synthetic quinolone derivative exerts potent antimitotic activity against human prostate cancer: Rapamycin enhances antimitotic drug-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Ong PS, Wang LZ, Dai X, Tseng SH, Loo SJ, Sethi G. Judicious Toggling of mTOR Activity to Combat Insulin Resistance and Cancer: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:395. [PMID: 27826244 PMCID: PMC5079084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), via its two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1, and mTORC2, plays a central role in the regulation of cellular growth, metabolism, and migration. A dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has in turn been implicated in several pathological conditions including insulin resistance and cancer. Overactivation of mTORC1 and disruption of mTORC2 function have been reported to induce insulin resistance. On the other hand, aberrant mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling via either genetic alterations or increased expression of proteins regulating mTOR and its downstream targets have contributed to cancer development. These underlined the attractiveness of mTOR as a therapeutic target to overcome both insulin resistance and cancer. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the notion of intermittent, low dose rapamycin for treating insulin resistance. It further highlights recent data on the continuous use of high dose rapamycin analogs and related second generation mTOR inhibitors for cancer eradication, for overcoming chemoresistance and for tumor stem cell suppression. Within these contexts, the potential challenges associated with the use of mTOR inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Z Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shang Jun Loo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Jelonek K, Li S, Kaczmarczyk B, Marcinkowski A, Orchel A, Musiał-Kulik M, Kasperczyk J. Multidrug PLA-PEG filomicelles for concurrent delivery of anticancer drugs—The influence of drug-drug and drug-polymer interactions on drug loading and release properties. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:365-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Tomoda K, Tam YT, Cho H, Buehler D, Kozak KR, Kwon GS. Triolimus: A Multi-Drug Loaded Polymeric Micelle Containing Paclitaxel, 17-AAG, and Rapamycin as a Novel Radiosensitizer. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27365266 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Triolimus is a multi-drug loaded polymeric micelle containing paclitaxel (PTX), 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), and rapamycin (RAP). This study examines the radiosensitizing effect of Triolimus in vitro and in vivo. Radiosensitizing effects of Triolimus on A549 cells are dose dependent and at 2 × 10-9 m, Triolimus shows significant radiosensitization even at low radiation doses (2 Gy). By sensitivity enhancement ratio, PTX alone, dual drug combinations, and Triolimus treatment at 2 × 10-9 m have radiosensitizing effects with potency as follows: PTX alone (PTX) > PTX and RAP (P/R) > Triolimus (TRIO) > PTX and 17-AAG (P/17) >17-AAG and RAP (17/R). In vivo, fractionated radiation of 15 Gy preceded by infusion of PTX alone, dual drug combinations, or an intermediate dose of Triolimus (Int. TRIO: PTX/17-AAG/RAP at 15/15/7.5 mg kg-1 ) strongly inhibits A549 tumor growth. Notably, pretreatment with high dose of Triolimus (High TRIO: PTX/17-AAG/RAP at 60/60/30 mg kg-1 ) before the fractionated radiation leads to tumor control for up to 24 weeks. An enhanced radiosensitizing effect is observed without an increase in acute toxicity compared to PTX alone or radiation alone. These results suggest that further investigations of Triolimus in combination with radiation therapy are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Tomoda
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yu Tong Tam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building (MFCB), 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kevin R Kozak
- Mercy Regional Cancer Center, 1000 Mineral Point Ave, Janesville, WI, 53548, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wallin JJ, Guan J, Prior WW, Lee LB, Berry L, Belmont LD, Koeppen H, Belvin M, Friedman LS, Sampath D. GDC-0941, a novel class I selective PI3K inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of docetaxel in human breast cancer models by increasing cell death in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3901-11. [PMID: 22586300 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Docetaxel is a front-line standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are lipid kinases that regulate breast tumor cell growth, migration, and survival. The current study was intended to determine whether GDC-0941, an orally bioavailable class I selective PI3K inhibitor, enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of 25 breast tumor cell lines representing HER2+, luminal, and basal subtypes were treated with GDC-0941, docetaxel, or the combination of both drugs and assayed for cellular viability, modulation of PI3K pathway markers, and apoptosis induction. Drug combination effects on cellular viability were also assessed in nontransformed MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells. Human xenografts of breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors were used to assess efficacy of GDC-0941 and docetaxel in vivo. RESULTS Combination of GDC-0941 and docetaxel decreased the cellular viability of breast tumor cell lines in vitro but to variable degrees of drug synergy. Compared with nontransformed MCF10A cells, the addition of both drugs resulted in stronger synergistic effects in a subset of tumor cell lines that were not predicted by breast cancer subtype. In xenograft models, GDC-0941 enhanced the antitumor activity of docetaxel with maximum combination efficacy observed within 1 hour of administering both drugs. GDC-0941 increased the rate of apoptosis in cells arrested in mitosis upon cotreatment with docetaxel. CONCLUSION GDC-0941 augments the efficacy of docetaxel by increasing drug-induced apoptosis in breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Wallin
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Manara MC, Nicoletti G, Zambelli D, Ventura S, Guerzoni C, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Maira SM, García-Echeverría C, Mercuri M, Picci P, Scotlandi K. NVP-BEZ235 as a new therapeutic option for sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:530-40. [PMID: 20068094 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of NVP-BEZ235, a dual pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor in the three most common musculoskeletal tumors (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Antiproliferative activity as well as the effects on migration and metastasis were evaluated in a panel of osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, as well as rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Moreover, simultaneous and sequential treatments were done in association with two of the most important conventional drugs in the treatment of sarcoma, doxorubicin and vincristine. RESULTS NVPBEZ235 effectively blocked the pathway in in vitro and in vivo settings. Under the experimental conditions tested, the compound induced disease stasis, by arresting cells in G(1) phase of cell cycle, without remarkable effects on apoptosis. As a consequence, to obtain the maximum exploitation of its therapeutic potential, NVP-BEZ235 has been evaluated in combination with conventional cytotoxic agents, thus showing promising efficacy with either doxorubicin and vincristine. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway increased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, likely due to the presence of autocrine circuits shifting growth factor signaling toward the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This supports the combined use of NVP-BEZ235 with other small signaling inhibitors. Here, we showed synergistic effects when the compound was associated with a anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. NVP-BEZ235 also inhibited cell migration and metastasis. Combination with vincristine further potentiated the antimetastatic effects. CONCLUSIONS NVP-BEZ235 displays the features to be considered for sarcoma therapy to potentiate the activity of other anticancer agents. The drug is currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials in advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Manara
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Oncologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Vitolo MI, Weiss MB, Szmacinski M, Tahir K, Waldman T, Park BH, Martin SS, Weber DJ, Bachman KE. Deletion of PTEN promotes tumorigenic signaling, resistance to anoikis, and altered response to chemotherapeutic agents in human mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8275-83. [PMID: 19843859 PMCID: PMC2783190 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers, including breast cancer, harbor loss-of-function mutations in the catalytic domain of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or have reduced PTEN expression through loss of heterozygosity and/or epigenetic silencing mechanisms. However, specific phenotypic effects of PTEN inactivation in human cancer cells remain poorly defined without a direct causal connection between the loss of PTEN function and the development or progression of cancer. To evaluate the biological and clinical relevance of reduced or deleted PTEN expression, a novel in vitro model system was generated using human somatic cell knockout technologies. Targeted homologous recombination allowed for a single and double allelic deletion, which resulted in reduced and deleted PTEN expression, respectively. We determined that heterozygous loss of PTEN in the nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A was sufficient for activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, whereas the homozygous absence of PTEN expression led to a further increased activation of both pathways. The deletion of PTEN was able to confer growth factor-independent proliferation, which was confirmed by the resistance of the PTEN(-/-) MCF-10A cells to small-molecule inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor. However, neither heterozygous nor homozygous loss of PTEN expression was sufficient to promote anchorage-independent growth, but the loss of PTEN did confer apoptotic resistance to cell rounding and matrix detachment. Finally, MCF-10A cells with the reduction or loss of PTEN showed increased susceptibility to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin but not paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele B. Weiss
- University of Maryland Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD,University of Maryland Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Khola Tahir
- University of Maryland Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Todd Waldman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- University of Maryland Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - David J. Weber
- University of Maryland Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kurtis E. Bachman
- University of Maryland Greenebaum NCI Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, MD
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21
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Chiarini F, Falà F, Tazzari PL, Ricci F, Astolfi A, Pession A, Pagliaro P, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Dual inhibition of class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin as a new therapeutic option for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3520-8. [PMID: 19351820 PMCID: PMC3836286 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have documented that constitutively activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a common feature of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where it strongly influences growth and survival. These findings lend compelling weight for the application of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in T-ALL. However, our knowledge of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in T-ALL is limited and it is not clear whether it could be an effective target for innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we have analyzed the therapeutic potential of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103, a small synthetic molecule of the pyridofuropyrimidine class, on both T-ALL cell lines and patient samples, which displayed constitutive activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. PI-103 inhibited the growth of T-ALL cells, including 170-kDa P-glycoprotein overexpressing cells. PI-103 cytotoxicity was independent of p53 gene status. PI-103 was more potent than inhibitors that are selective only for PI3K (Wortmannin, LY294002) or for mTOR (rapamycin). PI-103 induced G(0)-G(1) phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was characterized by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. PI-103 caused Akt dephosphorylation, accompanied by dephosphorylation of the Akt downstream target, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Also, mTOR downstream targets were dephosphorylated in response to PI-103, including p70S6 kinase, ribosomal S6 protein, and 4E-BP1. PI-103 strongly synergized with vincristine. These findings indicate that multitargeted therapy toward PI3K and mTOR alone or with existing drugs may serve as an efficient treatment toward T-ALL cells, which require up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling for their survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- Department of Human Anatomical Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Falà
- Department of Human Anatomical Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Tazzari
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Pediatric Oncology and Haematology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Haematology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Human Anatomical Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IGM-CNR, Sezione di Bologna c/o I.O.R., Bologna, Italy
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22
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Marimpietri D, Brignole C, Nico B, Pastorino F, Pezzolo A, Piccardi F, Cilli M, Di Paolo D, Pagnan G, Longo L, Perri P, Ribatti D, Ponzoni M. Combined Therapeutic Effects of Vinblastine and Rapamycin on Human Neuroblastoma Growth, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3977-88. [PMID: 17606732 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Vinblastine and rapamycin displayed synergistic inhibition of human neuroblastoma-related angiogenesis. Here, we studied the antitumor activity of vinblastine and rapamycin against human neuroblastoma.
Experimental Design: Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation, bromodeoxyuridine uptake, and phosphatidylserine exposure, respectively. The in vivo sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to vinblastine and rapamycin was determined in orthotopic neuroblastoma-engrafted mice. Angiogenesis was assessed by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay.
Results: Each compound alone was able to induce a dose-dependent significant inhibition of cell proliferation, with a dramatically enhanced antiproliferative effect for the drugs used in combination. A marked G2-M cell cycle arrest with a nearly complete depletion of S phase was associated. The combined treatment triggered an increased apoptosis compared with either drug tested alone. A significant inhibition of tumor growth and microvessel area was obtained in neuroblastoma-bearing mice when treated with vinblastine or rapamycin alone, and a more dramatic effect with the combined treatment, compared with control mice. The therapeutic effectiveness, expressed as increased life span, was statistically improved by the combined therapy, compared with mice treated with either drug tested separately. Histologic evaluation of primary tumors showed that the combined treatment inhibited proliferation and angiogenesis and induced apoptosis. Combined treatment of neuroblastoma cells and neuroblastoma-bearing mice with vinblastine and rapamycin induced the down-modulation of both vascular endothelial growth factor production and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression. In the chorioallantoic membrane assay, angiogenesis induced by human neuroblastoma biopsy specimens was significantly inhibited by vinblastine and rapamycin.
Conclusions: These results may be relevant to design new therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Marimpietri
- Laboratory of Oncology, G.Gaslini Children's Hospital, Italian Neuroblastoma Foundation c/o National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Fujiwara Y, Hosokawa Y, Watanabe K, Tanimura S, Ozaki KI, Kohno M. Blockade of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway enhances the induction of apoptosis by microtubule-destabilizing agents in tumor cells in which the pathway is constitutively activated. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1133-42. [PMID: 17363506 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is associated with the neoplastic phenotype in many human tumor cell types. Given the antiapoptotic role of this pathway, we examined whether its specific blockade might sensitize human tumor cells to the induction of apoptosis by various anticancer drugs. Although specific blockade of the PI3K-Akt pathway alone with inhibitors such as LY294002 did not induce cell death, it resulted in marked and selective enhancement of the induction of apoptosis by microtubule-destabilizing agents such as vincristine. This effect was apparent only in tumor cells in which the PI3K-Akt pathway is constitutively activated. Blockade of the PI3K-Akt pathway induced the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, which phosphorylates microtubule-associated proteins such as tau and thereby reduces their ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. The consequent destabilization of microtubules induced by the inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling appeared to increase their sensitivity to low concentrations of microtubule-destabilizing agents that alone do not lead to the disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules in tumor cells. Such a synergistic effect on microtubule integrity was not apparent for stable microtubules in the neurites of neuronal cells. These results suggest that the administration of a combination of a PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitor and a microtubule-destabilizing agent is a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumor cells in which this signaling pathway is constitutively activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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24
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Cheng GZ, Chan J, Wang Q, Zhang W, Sun CD, Wang LH. Twist transcriptionally up-regulates AKT2 in breast cancer cells leading to increased migration, invasion, and resistance to paclitaxel. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1979-87. [PMID: 17332325 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the cardinal feature of malignant tumors, is an important clinical variable in patient prognosis. To understand the basis for metastasis, we systematically selected for highly invasive cells from breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-453, with moderate to low invasive ability using Boyden chamber invasion assay. The four-cycle selected invasive lines, named MCF7-I4 and MDA-MB-453-I4, respectively, displayed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dramatically enhanced invasive ability. EMT changes were corroborated with decreased level of E-cadherin and increased vimentin, fibronectin, and beta(1) integrin. Twist, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and AKT2, a known proto-oncogene, were found to be elevated in the invasive cells compared with the parental. Ectopic expression and knockdown of Twist by short interference RNA resulted in significant increase and reduction, respectively, of AKT2 protein and mRNA expression. Twist bound to E-box elements on AKT2 promoter and enhanced its transcriptional activity. Moreover, silencing AKT2 decreased Twist-promoted migration, invasion, and paclitaxel resistance. Reintroducing AKT2 largely rescued the phenotype resulted from knockdown of Twist in I4 cells, suggesting that AKT2 is a downstream target and functional mediator of Twist. Finally, we observed a 68.8% correlation of elevated Twist and AKT2 expression in late-stage breast cancers as oppose to 13% in early-stage breast cancers. Our study identifies Twist as a positive transcriptional regulator of AKT2 expression, and Twist-AKT2 signaling is involved in promoting invasive ability and survival of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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25
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Ramos J, Sirisawad M, Miller R, Naumovski L. Motexafin gadolinium modulates levels of phosphorylated Akt and synergizes with inhibitors of Akt phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1176-82. [PMID: 16731749 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motexafin gadolinium (MGd, Xcytrin) is a tumor-selective expanded porphyrin that targets oxidative stress-related proteins. MGd treatment of the follicular lymphoma-derived cell line HF-1 resulted in growth suppression and apoptosis whereas MGd treatment of the Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell line Ramos resulted in growth suppression but not apoptosis. Because phosphorylation status of Akt/protein kinase B is regulated by oxidative stress, we monitored total and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in MGd-treated HF-1 and Ramos cells. Levels of pAkt increased within 30 minutes after MGd treatment of HF-1 but after 4 hours began to show a progressive decline to below baseline levels before cells underwent apoptosis. In MGd-treated Ramos cells, pAkt increased approximately 2-fold within 4 hours and remained persistently elevated. Because pAkt activates survival pathways, we determined if MGd-induced cell death could be enhanced by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt. The addition of specific inhibitors of Akt phosphorylation (Akt inhibitor 1 or SH-5) reduced pAkt levels in MGd-treated HF-1 and Ramos cells and synergistically enhanced MGd-induced cell death. MGd was also evaluated in combination with celecoxib, an inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation, or docetaxel, a microtubule inhibitor that can decrease Akt phosphorylation. The combination of MGd/celecoxib or MGd/docetaxel resulted in decreased Akt phosphorylation and in synergistic cytotoxicity compared with either agent alone. These data point to a potential protective role for pAkt in MGd-induced apoptosis and suggest that MGd activity may be enhanced by combining it with agents that inhibit Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ramos
- Pharmacyclics, Inc., 995 Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
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26
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Sunters A, Madureira PA, Pomeranz KM, Aubert M, Brosens JJ, Cook SJ, Burgering BMT, Coombes RC, Lam EWF. Paclitaxel-induced nuclear translocation of FOXO3a in breast cancer cells is mediated by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Akt. Cancer Res 2006; 66:212-20. [PMID: 16397234 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-targeting compound paclitaxel is often used in the treatment of endocrine-resistant or metastatic breast cancer. We have previously shown that apoptosis of breast cancer cells in response to paclitaxel is mediated by induction of FOXO3a expression, a transcription factor downstream of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. To further investigate its mechanism of action, we treated MCF-7 cells with paclitaxel and showed a dose-dependent increase in nuclear localization of FOXO3a, which coincided with decreased Akt signaling but increased c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity. Flow cytometry revealed that paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and of other paclitaxel-sensitive breast cancer cell lines was maintained in the presence of inhibitors of p38 (SB203580) or mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase 1 signaling (PD98059) but abrogated when cells were treated with the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125. SP600125 reversed Akt inhibition and abolished FOXO3a nuclear accumulation in response to paclitaxel. Moreover, conditional activation of JNK mimicked paclitaxel activity and led to dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO3a. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from JNK1/2 knockout mice displayed very high levels of active Akt, and in contrast to wild-type MEFs, paclitaxel treatment did not alter Akt activity or elicit FOXO3a nuclear translocation. Taken together, the data show that cell death of breast cancer cells in response to paclitaxel is dependent upon JNK activation, resulting in Akt inhibition and increased FOXO3a activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sunters
- Cancer Research UK Labs, Department of Cancer Medicine, London
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27
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Isakoff SJ, Engelman JA, Irie HY, Luo J, Brachmann SM, Pearline RV, Cantley LC, Brugge JS. Breast cancer-associated PIK3CA mutations are oncogenic in mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2006; 65:10992-1000. [PMID: 16322248 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) have been identified in several human cancers. The mutations primarily result in single amino acid substitutions, with >85% of the mutations in either exon 9 or 20. Multiple studies have shown that these mutations are observed in 18% to 40% of breast cancers. However, the phenotypic effects of these PIK3CA mutations have not been examined in breast epithelial cells. Herein, we examine the activity of the two most common variants, E545K and H1047R, in the MCF-10A immortalized breast epithelial cell line. Both variants display higher PI3K activity than wild-type p110alpha yet remain sensitive to pharmacologic PI3K inhibition. In addition, expression of p110alpha mutants in mammary epithelial cells induces multiple phenotypic alterations characteristic of breast tumor cells, including anchorage-independent proliferation in soft agar, growth factor-independent proliferation, and protection from anoikis. Expression of these mutant p110alpha isoforms also confers increased resistance to paclitaxel and induces abnormal mammary acinar morphogenesis in three-dimensional basement membrane cultures. Together, these data support the notion that the cancer-associated mutations in PIK3CA may significantly contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis and represent attractive targets for therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Isakoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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