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Ladbury C, Sanchez J, Chowdhury A, Palmer J, Liu A, Stein A, Htut M, Farol L, Cai JL, Somlo G, Rosenzweig M, Wong JC, Sahebi F. Phase 1 Study of Bortezomib, Fludarabine, and Melphalan, With or Without Total Marrow Irradiation, as Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Conditioning for High-risk or Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:325-332. [PMID: 38483213 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a phase 1 study of a conditioning regimen with or without total marrow irradiation (TMI) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with high-risk or refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS Eighteen patients were enrolled on one of 2 strata. Patients with no prior radiation received TMI (900 cGy), fludarabine (FLU), and melphalan (MEL) conditioning, with bortezomib added in the second cohort (stratum I). Patients with prior radiation received FLU, MEL, and bortezomib, without TMI (stratum II). RESULTS Eight patients were enrolled in the TMI arm (stratum I). One of 3 patients in cohort 1 experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), which led to the expansion to 3 more patients with no DLT. Cohort 2 enrolled only 2 patients due to low accrual, with bortezomib, added at 0.5 mg/m 2 ; neither experienced DLT. Nine patients were enrolled in the non-TMI arm (stratum II). Three patients were enrolled in cohort 1 (bortezomib 0.5 mg/m 2 ) and none experienced DLT. Three were enrolled in cohort 2 (bortezomib 0.7 mg/m 2 ), and 1 experienced DLT; therefore, the cohort expanded to 3 more patients. One more patient experienced DLT. Median overall survival on strata I and II was 44.5 months (95% CI: 1.73-not reached) and 21.6 months (95% CI: 4.1-72.7), respectively. Median progression-free survival on strata I and II was 18.1 months (95% CI: 1.73-not reached) and 8.9 months (95% CI: 2.7-24.4), respectively. CONCLUSION TMI 900 cGy, FLU, and MEL are considered feasible as conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation and may warrant further investigation due to favorable response rates and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Ladbury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - James Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Arnab Chowdhury
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Joycelynne Palmer
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Anthony Stein
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Myo Htut
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Leonardo Farol
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ji-Lian Cai
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Jeffrey C Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - Firoozeh Sahebi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA
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Pucci G, Forte GI, Cavalieri V. Evaluation of Epigenetic and Radiomodifying Effects during Radiotherapy Treatments in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169053. [PMID: 34445758 PMCID: PMC8396651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is still a long way from personalizing cancer treatment plans, and its effectiveness depends on the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Indeed, therapies that are efficient and successful for some patients may be relatively ineffective for others. Based on this, radiobiological research is focusing on the ability of some reagents to make cancer cells more responsive to ionizing radiation, as well as to protect the surrounding healthy tissues from possible side effects. In this scenario, zebrafish emerged as an effective model system to test for radiation modifiers that can potentially be used for radiotherapeutic purposes in humans. The adoption of this experimental organism is fully justified and supported by the high similarity between fish and humans in both their genome sequences and the effects provoked in them by ionizing radiation. This review aims to provide the literature state of the art of zebrafish in vivo model for radiobiological studies, particularly focusing on the epigenetic and radiomodifying effects produced during fish embryos’ and larvae’s exposure to radiotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pucci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Zebrafish Laboratory, Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
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Therapeutic Potential of RTA 404 in Human Brain Malignant Glioma Cell Lines via Cell Cycle Arrest via p21/AKT Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5552226. [PMID: 33763472 PMCID: PMC7963900 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in the world. Despite advances in surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, GBM continues to have a poor overall survival. CDDO (2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid), a synthetic triterpenoid, is an Nrf2 activator used to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis in various cancer cells. One new trifluoroethylamide derivative of CDDO, RTA 404, has been found to have increased ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, it is not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM. Methods This in vitro study evaluated the effects of RTA 404 on GBM cells. To do this, we treated GBM840 and U87 MG cell lines with RTA 404 and assessed apoptosis, cell cycle, cell locomotion, and senescence. DNA content and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blot analysis. Results RTA 404 significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells at concentrations higher than 100 nM (p < 0.05) and reduced their locomotion ability. In addition, treatment with RTA 404 led to an accumulation of RTA 404-treated G2/M phase cells and apoptosis. An analysis of the p21/AKT expression suggested that RTA 404 may not only help prevent brain cancer but it may also exert antitumor activities in established GBM cells. Conclusion RTA404 can inhibit proliferation, cell locomotion, cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro, possibly through its inhibition of N-cadherin and E-cadherin expression via its inhibition of the AKT pathway.
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Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Amini P, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3129-3159. [PMID: 32072238 PMCID: PMC11104832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
- Misan Radiotherapy Center, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Yolk sac-derived Pdcd11-positive cells modulate zebrafish microglia differentiation through the NF-κB-Tgfβ1 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:170-183. [PMID: 32709934 PMCID: PMC7853042 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, which plays a vital role in neuron development and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial precursors in peripheral hematopoietic tissues colonize the central nervous system during early embryogenesis. However, how intrinsic and extrinsic signals integrate to regulate microglia’s differentiation remains undefined. In this study, we identified the cerebral white matter hyperintensities susceptibility gene, programmed cell death protein 11 (PDCD11), as an essential factor regulating microglia differentiation. In zebrafish, pdcd11 deficiency prevents the differentiation of the precursors to mature brain microglia. Although, the inflammatory featured macrophage brain colonization is augmented. At 22 h post fertilization, the Pdcd11-positive cells on the yolk sac are distinct from macrophages and neutrophils. Mechanistically, PDCD11 exerts its physiological role by differentially regulating the functions of nuclear factor-kappa B family members, P65 and c-Rel, suppressing P65-mediated expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tnfα, and enhancing the c-Rel-dependent appearance of tgfβ1. The present study provides novel insights in understanding microglia differentiation during zebrafish development.
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Markov AV, Kel AE, Salomatina OV, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA, Logashenko EB. Deep insights into the response of human cervical carcinoma cells to a new cyano enone-bearing triterpenoid soloxolone methyl: a transcriptome analysis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5267-5297. [PMID: 31523389 PMCID: PMC6731101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Semisynthetic triterpenoids, bearing cyano enone functionality in ring A, are considered now as novel promising anti-tumor agents. However, despite the large-scale studies, their effects on cervical carcinoma cells and, moreover, mechanisms underlying cell death activation by such compounds in this cell type have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we attempted to reconstitute the key pathways and master regulators involved in the response of human cervical carcinoma KB-3-1 cells to the novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivative soloxolone methyl (SM) by a transcriptomic approach. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes, analysis of their cis- regulatory sequences and protein-protein interaction network clearly indicated that stress of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central event triggered by SM in the cells. A range of key ER stress sensors and transcription factor AP-1 were identified as upstream transcriptional regulators, controlling the response of the cells to SM. Additionally, by using Gene Expression Omnibus data, we showed the ability of SM to modulate the expression of key genes involved in regulation of the high proliferative rate of cervical carcinoma cells. Further Connectivity Map analysis revealed similarity of SM's effects with known ER stress inducers thapsigargin and geldanamycin, targeting SERCA and Grp94, respectively. According to the molecular docking study, SM could snugly fit into the active sites of these proteins in the positions very close to that of both inhibitors. Taken together, our findings provide a basis for the better understanding of the intracellular processes in tumor cells switched on in response to cyano enone-bearing triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander E Kel
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,geneXplain GmbH, Wolfenbüttel 38302, Germany
| | - Oksana V Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya B Logashenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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7
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Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. NF‐κB targeting for overcoming tumor resistance and normal tissues toxicity. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17187-17204. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine, University of Misan Misan Iraq
| | - Ahmed E. Musa
- Department of Medical Physics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus) Tehran Iran
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8
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Szabó ER, Reisz Z, Polanek R, Tőkés T, Czifrus S, Pesznyák C, Biró B, Fenyvesi A, Király B, Molnár J, Brunner S, Daroczi B, Varga Z, Hideghéty K. A novel vertebrate system for the examination and direct comparison of the relative biological effectiveness for different radiation qualities and sources. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:985-995. [PMID: 30332320 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent rapid increase of hadron therapy applications requires the development of high performance, reliable in vivo models for preclinical research on the biological effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation. AIM The aim of this paper was to test the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the zebrafish embryo system at two neutron facilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Series of viable zebrafish embryos at 24-hour post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to single fraction, whole-body, photon and neutron (reactor fission neutrons (<En = 1 MeV>) and (p (18 MeV)+Be, <En> = 3.5 MeV) fast neutron) irradiation. The survival and morphologic abnormalities of each embryo were assessed at 24-hour intervals from the point of fertilization up to 192 hpf and then compared to conventional 6 MV photon beam irradiation results. RESULTS The higher energy of the fast neutron beams represents lower RBE (ref. source LINAC 6 MV photon). The lethality rate in the zebrafish embryo model was 10 times higher for 1 MeV fission neutrons and 2.5 times greater for p (18 MeV)+Be cyclotron generated fast neutron beam when compared to photon irradiation results. Dose-dependent organ perturbations (shortening of the body length, spine curvature, microcephaly, micro-ophthalmia, pericardial edema and inhibition of yolk sac resorption) and microscopic (marked cellular changes in eyes, brain, liver, muscle and the gastrointestinal system) changes scale together with the dose response. CONCLUSION The zebrafish embryo system is a powerful and versatile model for assessing the effect of ionizing radiation with different LET values on viability, organ and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Szabó
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Z Reisz
- b Department of Pathology , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - R Polanek
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - T Tőkés
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Sz Czifrus
- c Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Cs Pesznyák
- c Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques , Budapest , Hungary
| | - B Biró
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - A Fenyvesi
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - B Király
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - J Molnár
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA Atomki) , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Sz Brunner
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary
| | - B Daroczi
- e Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- f Department of Oncotherapy , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - K Hideghéty
- a Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Szeged , Hungary.,f Department of Oncotherapy , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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Cnbp ameliorates Treacher Collins Syndrome craniofacial anomalies through a pathway that involves redox-responsive genes. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2397. [PMID: 27711076 PMCID: PMC5133970 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital disease (1:50 000 live births) characterized by craniofacial defects, including hypoplasia of facial bones, cleft palate and palpebral fissures. Over 90% of the cases are due to mutations in the TCOF1 gene, which codifies the nucleolar protein Treacle. Here we report a novel TCS-like zebrafish model displaying features that fully recapitulate the spectrum of craniofacial abnormalities observed in patients. As it was reported for a Tcof1+/- mouse model, Treacle depletion in zebrafish caused reduced rRNA transcription, stabilization of Tp53 and increased cell death in the cephalic region. An increase of ROS along with the overexpression of redox-responsive genes was detected; furthermore, treatment with antioxidants ameliorated the phenotypic defects of craniofacial anomalies in TCS-like larvae. On the other hand, Treacle depletion led to a lowering in the abundance of Cnbp, a protein required for proper craniofacial development. Tcof1 knockdown in transgenic zebrafish overexpressing cnbp resulted in barely affected craniofacial cartilage development, reinforcing the notion that Cnbp has a role in the pathogenesis of TCS. The cnbp overexpression rescued the TCS phenotype in a dose-dependent manner by a ROS-cytoprotective action that prevented the redox-responsive genes' upregulation but did not normalize the synthesis of rRNAs. Finally, a positive correlation between the expression of CNBP and TCOF1 in mesenchymal cells from both control and TCS subjects was found. Based on this, we suggest CNBP as an additional target for new alternative therapeutic treatments to reduce craniofacial defects not only in TCS but also in other neurocristopathies.
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Szabó ER, Plangár I, Tőkés T, Mán I, Polanek R, Kovács R, Fekete G, Szabó Z, Csenki Z, Baska F, Hideghéty K. l-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a Potential Radioprotective Agent in Zebrafish Embryo Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:481-488. [PMID: 27486826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes the zebrafish embryo model for ionizing radiation (IR) modifier research and also evaluates the protective effect of l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). Embryos were exposed to a single-fraction whole-body gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) at different postfertilization time points and were serially assessed for viability and macro- and micromorphologic abnormalities. After toxicity evaluation, 194 μM of GPC was added for certain groups with 3-h incubation before the radiation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression changes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A higher sensitivity could be observed at earlier stages of the embryogenesis. The lethal dose (LD50) for 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos was 15 Gy and for 24 hpf was 20 Gy on day 7, respectively. GPC administration resulted in a significant improvement in both the distortion rate and survival of the 24 hpf embryos. Qualitative evaluation of the histological changes confirmed the protective effect of GPC. IL-1β and NF-κB overexpression due to 10 Gy irradiation was also reduced by GPC. GPC exhibited promising radioprotective effects in our zebrafish embryo model, decreasing the irradiation-induced morphological damage and lethality with significant reduction of IR-caused pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Rita Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- 2 MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,3 Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Mán
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Polanek
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 6 Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Emerging targets for radioprotection and radiosensitization in radiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11589-11609. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Kumar S, Tiku AB. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Radioprotective Effects of Naringenin, a Phytochemical from Citrus Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1676-85. [PMID: 26881453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effects of naringenin in vivo using Swiss albino mice as a model system. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg body weight of naringenin for 7 days prior to radiation exposure protected mice against radiation-induced DNA, chromosomal and membrane damage. Naringenin pretreatment also increased the antioxidant status of irradiated mice. Multiple factors operating at cellular and molecular levels led to increased endogenous spleen colonies and survival of mice. Although naringenin induces apoptosis in cancer cells we found that it can protect against radiation-induced apoptosis in normal cells by modulating the expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. The results from the present study indicate that naringenin inhibits the NF-kB pathway and down regulates radiation-induced apoptotic proteins resulting in radioprotection at the cellular, tissue and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi, India 110067
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi, India 110067
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Goldman DC, Alexeev V, Lash E, Guha C, Rodeck U, Fleming WH. The triterpenoid RTA 408 is a robust mitigator of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in mice. Radiat Res 2015; 183:338-44. [PMID: 25738896 DOI: 10.1667/rr13900.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow suppression due to exposure to ionizing radiation is a significant clinical problem associated with radiation therapy as well as with nonmedical radiation exposure. Currently, there are no small molecule agents available that can enhance hematopoietic regeneration after radiation exposure. Here, we report on the effective mitigation of acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome in mice by the synthetic triterpenoid, RTA 408. The administration of a brief course of RTA 408 treatment, beginning 24 h after lethal doses of radiation to bone marrow, significantly increased overall survival. Importantly, treatment with RTA 408 led to the full recovery of steady state hematopoiesis with normalization of the frequency of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, hematopoietic stem cells from RTA 408-mitigated mice showed lineage-balanced, long-term, multilineage potential in serial transplantation assays, indicative of their normal self-renewal activity. The potency of RTA 408 in mitigating radiation-induced bone marrow suppression makes it an attractive candidate for potential clinical use in treating both therapy-related and unanticipated radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devorah C Goldman
- a Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Liu W, Chen Q, Wu S, Xia X, Wu A, Cui F, Gu YP, Zhang X, Cao J. Radioprotector WR-2721 and mitigating peptidoglycan synergistically promote mouse survival through the amelioration of intestinal and bone marrow damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:278-86. [PMID: 25617317 PMCID: PMC4380048 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of an agent effective for the treatment of intestinal and bone marrow injury following radiation exposure remains a major issue in radiological medicine. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic impact of single agent or combination treatments with 2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulphanyl phosphonic acid (WR-2721) and peptidoglycan (PGN, a toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) agonist) on radiation-induced injury of the intestine and bone marrow in lethally irradiated male C57BL/6 mice. A dose of 3 mg of WR-2721 per mouse (167 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was given 30 min before irradiation, and 30 μg of PGN per mouse (1.7 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 24 h after 10 Gy irradiation. Bone marrow cluster of differentiation (CD)45(+) and CD34(+) markers of multiple haematopoietic lineages, number of granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte (GEMM) progenitor colonies, bone marrow histopathology, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) expression in the intestines, xylose absorption and intestinal histopathology were all assessed at various time-points after irradiation. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein in the ileum was stained by immunofluorescent labelling. PGN-treated irradiated mice showed an increase in CD45(+)CD34(+) cells compared with untreated mice 1.25 days after 10 Gy ionizing radiation (IR) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, combined PGN and WR-2721 treatment had an obviously synergistic radio-protective effect in nucleated cells in the bone marrow, including GEMM progenitors and CD45(+)CD34(+) cells 4 days after 10 Gy IR. Single agent PGN or WR-2721 treatment after 10 Gy IR clearly increased Lgr5-positive pit cells (P < 0.05) and xylose absorption (P < 0.05). However only PGN and WR-2721 combination treatment markedly increased villus height (P < 0.05), number of crypts (P < 0.05) and whole-body weights after 10 Gy whole-body irradiation (WBI). The NF-κB p65 subunit was translocated to the nucleus, and phosphate-IκBα (Ser32/Ser36) was detected after stimulation with either PGN or WR-2721, which indicates that these two agents act synergistically through the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Administration of PGN in combination with WR-2721 was demonstrated to have a synergistic effect on the increase in haematopoietic cells and intestinal reconstitution, as well as improved survival in lethally irradiated mice, but resulted in some degree of an immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shu Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Xia
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Anqing Wu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yong-Ping Gu
- Experimental Centre of Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215007, PR China Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou 215007, PR China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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15
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El-Ashmawy M, Delgado O, Cardentey A, Wright WE, Shay JW. CDDO-Me protects normal lung and breast epithelial cells but not cancer cells from radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115600. [PMID: 25536195 PMCID: PMC4275221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy is commonly used for treatment for many human diseases including cancer, ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species that can damage both cancer and healthy cells. Synthetic triterpenoids, including CDDO-Me, act as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant modulators primarily by inducing the transcription factor Nrf2 to activate downstream genes containing antioxidant response elements (AREs). In the present series of experiments, we determined if CDDO-Me can be used as a radioprotector in normal non-cancerous human lung and breast epithelial cells, in comparison to lung and breast cancer cell lines. A panel of normal non-cancerous, partially cancer progressed, and cancer cell lines from both lung and breast tissue was exposed to gamma radiation with and without pre-treatment with CDDO-Me. CDDO-Me was an effective radioprotector when given ∼18 hours before radiation in epithelial cells (average dose modifying factor (DMF) = 1.3), and Nrf2 function was necessary for CDDO-Me to exert these radioprotective effects. CDDO-Me did not protect cancer lines tested from radiation-induced cytotoxicity, nor did it protect experimentally transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with progressive oncogenic manipulations. CDDO-Me also protected human lymphocytes against radiation-induced DNA damage. A therapeutic window exists in which CDDO-Me protects normal cells from radiation by activating the Nrf2 pathway, but does not protect experimentally transformed or cancer cell lines. This suggests that use of this oral available, non-toxic class of drug can protect non-cancerous healthy cells during radiotherapy, resulting in better outcomes and less toxicity for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El-Ashmawy
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oliver Delgado
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Agnelio Cardentey
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woodring E. Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerry W. Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Excellence in Genomics Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Alexeev V, Lash E, Aguillard A, Corsini L, Bitterman A, Ward K, Dicker AP, Linnenbach A, Rodeck U. Radiation protection of the gastrointestinal tract and growth inhibition of prostate cancer xenografts by a single compound. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2968-77. [PMID: 25398830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal tissue toxicity markedly reduces the therapeutic index of genotoxic anticancer agents, including ionizing radiation. Countermeasures against tissue damage caused by radiation are limited by their potential to also protect malignant cells and tissues. Here, we tested a panel of signal transduction modifiers for selective radioprotection of normal but not tumor tissues. These included three inhibitors of GSK3 (LiCl, SB216763, and SB415286) and two inhibitors of NF-κB (ethyl pyruvate and RTA 408). Among these, the thiol-reactive triterpenoid RTA 408 emerged as a robust and effective protector of multiple organ systems (gastrointestinal, skin, and hemopoietic) against lethal doses of radiation. RTA 408 preserved survival and proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in lethally irradiated mice while reducing apoptosis incidence in crypts and villi. In contrast, RTA 408 uniformly inhibited growth of established CWR22Rv1, LNCaP/C4-2B, PC3, and DU145 xenografts either alone or combined with radiation. Antitumor effects in vivo were associated with reduced proliferation and intratumoral apoptosis and with inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription in PC3 cells. Selective protection of normal tissue compartments by RTA 408 critically depended on tissue context and could not be replicated in vitro. Collectively, these data highlight the potential of RTA 408 as a cytoprotective agent that may be safely used in chemoradiation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Lash
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - April Aguillard
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Corsini
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avi Bitterman
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alban Linnenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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17
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Kim SB, Zhang L, Barron S, Shay JW. Inhibition of microRNA-31-5p protects human colonic epithelial cells against ionizing radiation. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2014; 1:67-73. [PMID: 26432591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous non-coding small RNAs, are sensitive to environmental changes, and their differential expression is important for adaptation to the environment. However, application of miRNAs as a clinical prognostic or diagnostic tool remains unproven. In this study we demonstrate a chronic/persistent change of miRNAs from the plasma of a colorectal cancer susceptible mouse model (CPC;Apc) about 250 days after exposure to a simulated solar particle event (SPE). Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified compared to unirradiated control mice, including miR-31-5p, which we investigated further. To address the cellular function of miR-31-5p, we transfected a miR-31-5p mimic (sense) or inhibitor (antisense) into immortalized human colonic epithelial cells followed by gamma-irradiation. A miR-31-5p mimic sensitized but a miR-31-5p inhibitor protected colonic epithelial cells against radiation induced killing. We found that the miR-31-5p mimic inhibited the induction of hMLH1 expression after irradiation, whereas the miR-31-5p inhibitor increased the basal level of hMLH1 expression. The miR-31-5p inhibitor failed to modulate radiosensitivity in an hMLH1-deficient HCT116 colon cancer cell line but protected HCT116 3-6 and DLD-1 (both hMLH1-positive) colon cancer cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that miR-31-5p has an important role in radiation responses through regulation of hMLH1 expression. Targeting this pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for future personalized anti-cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bum Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Summer Barron
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
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ZHANG XUE, WANG ZONGSHUAI, LUAN YUN, LIN MEI, ZHU XIAOBO, MA YU, ZHANG ZHAOHUA, WANG YIBIAO. The effect of PS-341 on pulmonary vascular remodeling in high blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:105-10. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Wang YY, Luan Y, Zhang X, Lin M, Zhang ZH, Zhu XB, Ma Y, Wang YB. Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 attenuates flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Med 2013; 14:321-9. [PMID: 23771811 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PS-341, a proteasome inhibitor, is suggested to prevent the vascular remodeling induced by high-flow pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanism of PS-341 on hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to surgical methods to produce a shunt model of PAH. Three days after the surgical procedure, the animals randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 in each group): I: sham group; II: shunt group; III: vehicle; IV: treated group. Eight weeks postoperative, the hemodynamics data were measured through Swan-Ganz catheter; the protein expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (I-κBα), transforming growth factor beta-β (TGF-β), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (Smad) and vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) were investigated by immunohistochemical and Western blotting; the mRNA expression level of Ubiquitin (Ub), Smad3, TGF-β1and Smad2 in lung were performed to detect by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that hemodynamic data and right ventricular hypertrophy were significantly improved (P < 0.05), the expression level of Ub, NF-κB, TGF-β1, Smad2 and VEGF were decreased (P < 0.05), but the level of I-κBα was increased in PS-341 treated group as compared with the shunt and vehicle groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study indicated that PS-341 could significantly improve the lung damage, attenuate pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by high blood PAH model. The mechanism may be mediated by inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and modulation the effect of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247#, Beiyuan Dajie, Jinan, 250033, China
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20
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Abstract
Challenges in imaging lipid-processing events in live, intact vertebrate models have historically led to reliance on cultured cell studies, thus hampering our understanding of lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal physiology. Fluorescently-labeled molecules, such as BODIPY-labeled lipids, can reveal lipid-processing events in live zebrafish (Danio rerio) and has expanded our understanding of digestive physiology. This review will cover recent advances from the past two to three years in the use of fluorescence-based imaging techniques in live zebrafish to characterize gastrointestinal physiology in health and disease and to conduct small molecule screens to discover therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Otis
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, 3520 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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21
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Emergence of zebrafish models in oncology for validating novel anticancer drug targets and nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:128-40. [PMID: 22903142 PMCID: PMC3562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo zebrafish models have recently attracted great attention in molecular oncology to investigate multiple genetic alterations associated with the development of human cancers and validate novel anticancer drug targets. Particularly, the transparent zebrafish models can be used as a xenotransplantation system to rapidly assess the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of cancer stem and/or progenitor cells and their progenies. Moreover, the zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools for an in vivo testing of novel anticancer agents and nanomaterials for counteracting tumor formation and metastases and improving the efficacy of current radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments against aggressive, metastatic and lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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22
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Li X, Abdel-Mageed AB, Mondal D, Kandil E. The nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway as a therapeutic target against thyroid cancers. Thyroid 2013; 23:209-18. [PMID: 23273524 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins, a family of transcription factors found virtually in all cells, are known to play crucial roles in the growth of a number of human malignancies. The ability of NF-κB to target a large number of genes that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, provides clues toward its deregulation during the process of tumorigenesis, metastatic progression, and therapeutic resistance of tumors. SUMMARY In addition to the signaling pathways known to be involved in thyroid tumorigenesis, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase and janus kinase cascades, studies implicate the NF-κB pathway in the development of both less aggressive thyroid cancers, papillary and follicular adenocarcinomas, and progression to aggressive thyroid cancers, such as anaplastic adenocarcinomas. A constitutively activated NF-κB pathway also closely links Hashimoto's thyroiditis with increased incidence of thyroid cancers. The NF-κB pathway is becoming one of the major targets for drug development, and a number of compounds have been developed to inhibit this pathway at different levels in cancer cells. Some of these targets have shown promising outcomes in both in vitro and in vivo investigations and a handful of them have shown efficacy in the clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS This review discusses the recent findings that demonstrate that the inhibition of NF-κB, alone or with other signaling pathway inhibitors may be of significant therapeutic benefits against aggressive thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Department of Surgery and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
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23
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Liby KT, Sporn MB. Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids: multifunctional drugs with a broad range of applications for prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:972-1003. [PMID: 22966038 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the rationale for the use of synthetic oleanane triterpenoids (SOs) for prevention and treatment of disease, as well as extensive biological data on this topic resulting from both cell culture and in vivo studies. Emphasis is placed on understanding mechanisms of action. SOs are noncytotoxic drugs with an excellent safety profile. Several hundred SOs have now been synthesized and in vitro have been shown to: 1) suppress inflammation and oxidative stress and therefore be cytoprotective, especially at low nanomolar doses, 2) induce differentiation, and 3) block cell proliferation and induce apoptosis at higher micromolar doses. Animal data on the use of SOs in neurodegenerative diseases and in diseases of the eye, lung, cardiovascular system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney, as well as in cancer and in metabolic and inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, are reviewed. The importance of the cytoprotective Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE) pathway as a mechanism of action is explained, but interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PARPγ), inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase complex (IKK), janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ErbB2/neu, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the thiol proteome are also described. In these interactions, Michael addition of SOs to reactive cysteine residues in specific molecular targets triggers biological activity. Ultimately, SOs are multifunctional drugs that regulate the activity of entire networks. Recent progress in the earliest clinical trials with 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) methyl ester (bardoxolone methyl) is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen T Liby
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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24
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Li X, Abdel-Mageed AB, Mondal D, Kandil E. The nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway as a therapeutic target against thyroid cancers. Thyroid 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Injury-dependent Müller glia and ganglion cell reprogramming during tissue regeneration requires Apobec2a and Apobec2b. J Neurosci 2012; 32:1096-109. [PMID: 22262907 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5603-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish are able to regenerate multiple tissues including those of the CNS. In the zebrafish retina, injury stimulates Müller glia dedifferentiation into a multipotent retinal progenitor that is capable of regenerating all lost cell types. This dedifferentiation is driven by the reactivation of gene expression programs that share many characteristics with those that operate during early development. Although the mechanisms underlying the reactivation of these programs remain unknown, it is likely that changes in DNA methylation play a significant role. To begin investigating whether DNA demethylation may contribute to retina regeneration, we characterized the expression of genes associated with DNA demethylation in the uninjured and injured retina. We found that two cytidine deaminases (apobec2a and apobec2b) were expressed basally in the uninjured retina and that they were induced in proliferating, dedifferentiated Müller glia. The maximal induction of apobec2b required Ascl1a, but was independent of Lin28, and therefore defines an independent signaling pathway stemming from Ascl1a. Strikingly, when Apobec2a or Apobec2b was knocked down by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, the proliferative response of Müller glia following injury was significantly reduced and injury-dependent induction of ascl1a and its target genes were inhibited, suggesting the presence of a regulatory feedback loop between Apobec proteins and ascl1a. Finally, Ascl1a, Apobec2a and Apobec2b were found to be essential for optic nerve regeneration. These data identify an essential role for Apobec proteins during retina and optic nerve regeneration and suggest DNA demethylation may underlie the reprogramming of cells to mount a regenerative response.
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Koukourakis MI. Radiation damage and radioprotectants: new concepts in the era of molecular medicine. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:313-30. [PMID: 22294702 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/16386034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionising radiation results in mutagenesis and cell death, and the clinical manifestations depend on the dose and the involved body area. Reducing carcinogenesis in patients treated with radiotherapy, exposed to diagnostic radiation or who are in certain professional groups is mandatory. The prevention or treatment of early and late radiotherapy effects would improve quality of life and increase cancer curability by intensifying therapies. Experimental and clinical data have given rise to new concepts and a large pool of chemical and molecular agents that could be effective in the protection and treatment of radiation damage. To date, amifostine is the only drug recommended as an effective radioprotectant. This review identifies five distinct types of radiation damage (I, cellular depletion; II, reactive gene activation; III, tissue disorganisation; IV, stochastic effects; V, bystander effects) and classifies the radioprotective agents into five relevant categories (A, protectants against all types of radiation effects; B, death pathway modulators; C, blockers of inflammation, chemotaxis and autocrine/paracrine pathways; D, antimutagenic keepers of genomic integrity; E, agents that block bystander effects). The necessity of establishing and funding central committees that guide systematic clinical research into evaluating the novel agents revealed in the era of molecular medicine is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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27
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Saha S, Bhanja P, Liu L, Alfieri AA, Yu D, Kandimalla ER, Agrawal S, Guha C. TLR9 agonist protects mice from radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29357. [PMID: 22238604 PMCID: PMC3251576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (RIGS) is due to the clonogenic loss of crypt cells and villi depopulation, resulting in disruption of mucosal barrier, bacterial invasion, inflammation and sepsis. Intestinal macrophages could recognize invading bacterial DNA via TLR9 receptors and transmit regenerative signals to the neighboring crypt. We therefore investigated whether systemic administration of designer TLR9 agonist could ameliorate RIGS by activating TLR9. Methods and Materials Male C57Bl6 mice were distributed in four experimental cohorts, whole body irradiation (WBI) (8.4–10.4 Gy), TLR9 agonist (1 mg/kg s.c.), 1 h pre- or post-WBI and TLR9 agonist+WBI+iMyd88 (pretreatment with inhibitory peptide against Myd88). Animals were observed for survival and intestine was harvested for histological analysis. BALB/c mice with CT26 colon tumors in abdominal wall were irradiated with 14 Gy single dose of whole abdominal irradiation (AIR) for tumor growth study. Results Mice receiving pre-WBI TLR9 agonist demonstrated improvement of survival after 10.4 Gy (p<0.03), 9.4 Gy (p<0.008) and 8.4 Gy (p<0.002) of WBI, compared to untreated or iMyd88-treated controls. Post-WBI TLR9 agonist mitigates up to 8.4 Gy WBI (p<0.01). Histological analysis and xylose absorption test demonstrated significant structural and functional restitution of the intestine in WBI+TLR9 agonist cohorts. Although, AIR reduced tumor growth, all animals died within 12 days from RIGS. TLR9 agonist improved the survival of mice beyond 28 days post-AIR (p<0.008) with significant reduction of tumor growth (p<0.0001). Conclusions TLR9 agonist treatment could serve both as a prophylactic or mitigating agent against acute radiation syndrome and also as an adjuvant therapy to increase the therapeutic ratio of abdominal Radiation Therapy for Gastro Intestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Laibin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Alan A. Alfieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Dong Yu
- Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sudhir Agrawal
- Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dicker AP, Kari G, Rodeck U. Radiation-Induced Toxicity and Radiation Response Modifiers in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118102138.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Lee H, Jeon J, Ryu YS, Jeong JE, Shin S, Zhang T, Kang SW, Hong JH, Hur GM. Disruption of microtubules sensitizes the DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1574-81. [PMID: 21060745 PMCID: PMC2966993 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.11.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The massive reorganization of microtubule network involves in transcriptional regulation of several genes by controlling transcriptional factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. The exact molecular mechanism by which microtubule rearrangement leads to NF-κB activation largely remains to be identified. However microtubule disrupting agents may possibly act in synergy or antagonism against apoptotic cell death in response to conventional chemotherapy targeting DNA damage such as adriamycin or comptothecin in cancer cells. Interestingly pretreatment of microtubule disrupting agents (colchicine, vinblastine and nocodazole) was observed to lead to paradoxical suppression of DNA damage-induced NF-κB binding activity, even though these could enhance NF-κB signaling in the absence of other stimuli. Moreover this suppressed NF-κB binding activity subsequently resulted in synergic apoptotic response, as evident by the combination with Adr and low doses of microtubule disrupting agents was able to potentiate the cytotoxic action through caspase-dependent pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that inhibition of microtubule network chemosensitizes the cancer cells to die by apoptosis through suppressing NF-κB DNA binding activity. Therefore, our study provided a possible anti-cancer mechanism of microtubule disrupting agent to overcome resistance against to chemotherapy such as DNA damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhee Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Sue Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Medical Science, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Daejeon, Korea
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30
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The biochemical basis for the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions of ethyl pyruvate and related compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:151-9. [PMID: 20230800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate is an important metabolic intermediate, and also is an effective scavenger of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pharmacological administration of pyruvate has been shown to improve organ function in animal models of oxidant-mediated cellular injury. However, pyruvate is relatively unstable in aqueous solutions, which could limit the therapeutic potential of this compound. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple derivative of pyruvic acid, is also an ROS scavenger, but seems to exert pharmacological effects, such as suppression of inflammation, which are at least quantitatively different and in some instances are qualitatively distinct from those exerted by pyruvate anion. Treatment with EP has been shown to improve survival and/or ameliorate organ dysfunction in a wide variety of pre-clinical models of acute illnesses, such as severe sepsis, acute pancreatitis and stroke. Using other animal models, some studies have demonstrated that more prolonged treatment with EP can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease or slow the rate of growth of malignant tumors. In a clinical trial of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, treatment with EP was shown to be safe, but it failed to improve outcome. The true therapeutic potential of EP and related compounds remains to be elucidated. In this review, some of the biochemical mechanisms, which might be responsible for the pharmacological effects of EP, are discussed.
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