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Mahapatra S, Kar P. Computational biophysical characterization of the effect of gatekeeper mutations on the binding of ponatinib to the FGFR kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110070. [PMID: 38909834 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) is connected to numerous downstream signalling cascades regulating cellular behavior. Any dysregulation leads to a plethora of illnesses, including cancer. Therapeutics are available, but drug resistance driven by gatekeeper mutation impedes the treatment. Ponatinib is an FDA-approved drug against BCR-ABL kinase and has shown effective results against FGFR-mediated carcinogenesis. Herein, we undertake molecular dynamics simulation-based analysis on ponatinib against all the FGFR isoforms having Val to Met gatekeeper mutations. The results suggest that ponatinib is a potent and selective inhibitor for FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 gatekeeper mutations. The extensive electrostatic and van der Waals interaction network accounts for its high potency. The FGFR3_VM mutation has shown resistance towards ponatinib, which is supported by their lesser binding affinity than wild-type complexes. The disengaged molecular brake and engaged hydrophobic spine were believed to be the driving factors for weak protein-ligand interaction. Taken together, the inhibitory and structural characteristics exhibited by ponatinib may aid in thwarting resistance based on Val-to-Met gatekeeper mutations at an earlier stage of treatment and advance the design and development of other inhibitors targeted at FGFRs harboring gatekeeper mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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2
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Hanssens C, Mouna O, Meyers M, Hendlisz A. State-of-the-art and trends in fibroblast growth factor receptor-directed therapies in gastro-intestinal malignancies. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:320-325. [PMID: 38726837 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is timely and relevant due to the increasing recognition of the significance of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family in cancer biology. Understanding the role of FGFRs and their dysregulation in various cancers is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS The review highlights the importance of the FGFR family in cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and survival. It discusses how abnormalities in FGFR2, including overexpression, gene amplification, and other genetic alterations, contribute to cancer progression, particularly in gastro-intestinal cancers. The paper also emphasizes the promising results of FGFR-targeted therapies, especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in certain cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma and oesophagogastric cancers. SUMMARY The findings underscore the potential of FGFR-targeted therapies in treating cancers with FGFR dysregulation. However, the review also addresses the challenges associated with these therapies, including toxicities and mechanisms of resistance. Understanding these complexities is essential for optimizing the efficacy of FGFR-targeted treatments and improving patient outcomes in clinical practice and research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hanssens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Yan W, Shah NP, Li HY. Overcoming Secondary Mutations of Type II Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9776-9788. [PMID: 38837951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Type II kinase inhibitors bind in the "DFG-out" kinase conformation and are generally considered to be more potent and selective than type I inhibitors, which target a DFG-in conformation. Nine type II inhibitors are currently clinically approved, with more undergoing clinical development. Resistance-conferring secondary mutations emerged with the first series of type II inhibitors, most commonly at residues within the kinase activation loop and at the "gatekeeper" position. Recently, new inhibitors have been developed to overcome such mutations; however, mutations activating other pathways (and/or other targets) have subsequently emerged on occasion. Here, we systematically summarize the secondary mutations that confer resistance to type II inhibitors, the structural basis for resistance, newer inhibitors designed to overcome resistance, as well as the challenges and opportunities for the development of new inhibitors to overcome secondary kinase domain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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4
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Perrone MC, Lerner MG, Dunworth M, Ewald AJ, Bader JS. Prioritizing drug targets by perturbing biological network response functions. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012195. [PMID: 38935814 PMCID: PMC11236158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions are designed to perturb the function of a biological system. However, there are many types of proteins that cannot be targeted with conventional small molecule drugs. Accordingly, many identified gene-regulatory drivers and downstream effectors are currently undruggable. Drivers and effectors are often connected by druggable signaling and regulatory intermediates. Methods to identify druggable intermediates therefore have general value in expanding the set of targets available for hypothesis-driven validation. Here we identify and prioritize potential druggable intermediates by developing a network perturbation theory, termed NetPert, for response functions of biological networks. Dynamics are defined by a network structure in which vertices represent genes and proteins, and edges represent gene-regulatory interactions and protein-protein interactions. Perturbation theory for network dynamics prioritizes targets that interfere with signaling from driver to response genes. Applications to organoid models for metastatic breast cancer demonstrate the ability of this mathematical framework to identify and prioritize druggable intermediates. While the short-time limit of the perturbation theory resembles betweenness centrality, NetPert is superior in generating target rankings that correlate with previous wet-lab assays and are more robust to incomplete or noisy network data. NetPert also performs better than a related graph diffusion approach. Wet-lab assays demonstrate that drugs for targets identified by NetPert, including targets that are not themselves differentially expressed, are active in suppressing additional metastatic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Perrone
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Lerner
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Giovanis Institute for Translational Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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5
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Lau DK, Collin JP, Mariadason JM. Clinical Developments and Challenges in Treating FGFR2-Driven Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1117. [PMID: 38791079 PMCID: PMC11118914 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted therapies have yielded some improvement in survival outcomes; however, metastatic GC remains a lethal malignancy and amongst the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Importantly, the ongoing molecular characterisation of GCs continues to uncover potentially actionable molecular targets. Among these, aberrant FGFR2-driven signalling, predominantly arising from FGFR2 amplification, occurs in approximately 3-11% of GCs. However, whilst several inhibitors of FGFR have been clinically tested to-date, there are currently no approved FGFR-directed therapies for GC. In this review, we summarise the significance of FGFR2 as an actionable therapeutic target in GC, examine the recent pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of small-molecule inhibitors, antibody-based therapies, as well as novel approaches such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for targeting FGFR2 in these tumours, and discuss the ongoing challenges and opportunities associated with their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Lau
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jack P. Collin
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - John M. Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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6
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Zarei P, Ghasemi F. The Application of Artificial Intelligence and Drug Repositioning for the Identification of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Review. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38525398 PMCID: PMC10958741 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_170_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence talks about modeling intelligent behavior through a computer with the least human involvement. Drug repositioning techniques based on artificial intelligence accelerate the research process and decrease the cost of experimental studies. Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors as the tyrosine kinase family of receptors plays a vital role in a wide range of malignancies. Because of their functional significance, they were considered promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. This review has summarized small molecules capable of inhibiting FGF receptors that progressed using artificial intelligence and repositioning drugs examined in clinical trials associated with cancer therapy. This review is based on a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to gather the necessary information in each chapter by employing keywords like artificial intelligence, computational drug design, drug repositioning, and FGF receptor inhibitors. To achieve this goal, a spacious literature review of human studies in these fields-published over the last 20 decades-was performed. According to published reports, nonselective FGF receptor inhibitors can be used for cancer management, and multitarget kinase inhibitors are the first drug class approved due to more advanced clinical studies. For example, AZD4547 and BGJ398 are gradually entering the consumption cycle and are good options as combined treatments. Artificial intelligence and drug repositioning methods can help preselect suitable drug targets more successfully for future inhibition of carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zarei
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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8
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Ratti M, Orlandi E, Hahne JC, Vecchia S, Citterio C, Anselmi E, Toscani I, Ghidini M. Targeting FGFR Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancers: New Frontiers of Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2650. [PMID: 37893023 PMCID: PMC10603875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the deregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a critical role. The aberrant activity of this pathway is described in approximately 10% of gastric cancers and its frequency increases in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), with an estimated frequency of 10-16%. Several selective FGFR inhibitors have been developed in the last few years with promising results. For example, targeting the FGFR pathway is now a fundamental part of clinical practice when treating iCCA and many clinical trials are ongoing to test the safety and efficacy of anti-FGFR agents in gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer, with variable results. However, the response rates of anti-FGFR drugs are modest and resistances emerge rapidly, limiting their efficacy and causing disease progression. In this review, we aim to explore the landscape of anti-FGFR inhibitors in relation to GI cancer, with particular focus on selective FGFR inhibitors and drug combinations that may lead to overcoming resistance mechanisms and drug-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ratti
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elena Orlandi
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stefano Vecchia
- Pharmacy Unit, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Citterio
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Anselmi
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Toscani
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Piacenza General Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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9
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Kwok C, Nolan M. Cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1150569. [PMID: 37745115 PMCID: PMC10516301 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1150569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology is an emerging field that seeks to enhance quality of life and longevity of cancer survivors. It is pertinent for clinicians to understand the cellular mechanisms of prescribed therapies, as this contributes to robust understanding of complex treatments and off-target effects, improved communication with patients, and guides long term care with the goal to minimise or prevent cardiovascular complications. Our aim is to review the cellular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity involved in commonly used anti-cancer treatments and identify gaps in literature and strategies to mitigate cardiotoxicity effects and guide future research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Imaging, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Shyam Sunder S, Sharma UC, Pokharel S. Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:262. [PMID: 37414756 PMCID: PMC10326056 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their invention in the early 2000s, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have gained prominence as the most effective pathway-directed anti-cancer agents. TKIs have shown significant utility in the treatment of multiple hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-small cell lung cancers, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and HER2-positive breast cancers. Given their widespread applications, an increasing frequency of TKI-induced adverse effects has been reported. Although TKIs are known to affect multiple organs in the body including the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, thyroid, blood, and skin, cardiac involvement accounts for some of the most serious complications. The most frequently reported cardiovascular side effects range from hypertension, atrial fibrillation, reduced cardiac function, and heart failure to sudden death. The potential mechanisms of these side effects are unclear, leading to critical knowledge gaps in the development of effective therapy and treatment guidelines. There are limited data to infer the best clinical approaches for the early detection and therapeutic modulation of TKI-induced side effects, and universal consensus regarding various management guidelines is yet to be reached. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and curate evidence on the pathophysiology, mechanisms, and clinical management of these adverse reactions. We expect that this review will provide researchers and allied healthcare providers with the most up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, natural history, risk stratification, and management of emerging TKI-induced side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Shyam Sunder
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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11
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Srivastava A, Singla DK. PTEN-AKT pathway attenuates apoptosis and adverse remodeling in ponatinib-induced skeletal muscle toxicity following BMP-7 treatment. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15629. [PMID: 36945866 PMCID: PMC10031244 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including ponatinib are commonly used to treat cancer patients. Unfortunately, TKIs induce cardiac as well as skeletal muscle dysfunction as a side effect. Therefore, detailed mechanistic studies are required to understand its pathogenesis and to develop a therapeutic treatment. The current study was undertaken to examine whether ponatinib induces apoptosis and apoptotic mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo models and furthermore to test the potential of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) as a possible treatment option for its attenuation. Sol8 cells, a mouse myogenic cell line was exposed to ponatinib to generate an apoptotic cell culture model and were subsequently treated with BMP-7 to understand its protective effects. For the in vivo model, C57BL/6J mice were administered with ponatinib to understand apoptosis, cell signaling apoptotic mechanisms, and adverse muscle remodeling and its attenuation with BMP-7. TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were used. Our data show significantly (p < 0.05) increased TUNEL staining, caspase-3, BAX/Bcl2 ratio in the in vitro model. Furthermore, our in vivo muscle data show ponatinib-induced muscle myopathy, and loss in muscle function. The observed muscle myopathy was associated with increased apoptosis, caspase-3 staining, and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio as confirmed with IHC and RT-PCR. Furthermore, our data show a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the involvement of cell signaling apoptotic regulator protein PTEN and a decrease in cell survival protein AKT. These results suggest that increased apoptosis following ponatinib treatment showed an increase in skeletal muscle remodeling, sarcopenia, and fibrosis. Furthermore, BMP-7 treatment significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated ponatinib-induced apoptosis, BAX/Bcl2 ratio, decreased PTEN, and increased cell survival protein AKT, decreased adverse muscle remodeling, and improved muscle function. Overall, we provide evidence that ponatinib-induces apoptosis leading to sarcopenia and muscle myopathy with decreased function which was attenuated by BMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Srivastava
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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13
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Tousif S, Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Galindo C, Wheeler N, Coro AT, Zhang Q, Prabhu SD, Lal H. Ponatinib Drives Cardiotoxicity by S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β Mediated Inflammation. Circ Res 2023; 132:267-289. [PMID: 36625265 PMCID: PMC9898181 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib is the only treatment option for chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with T315I (gatekeeper) mutation. Pharmacovigilance analysis of Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization datasets has revealed that ponatinib is the most cardiotoxic agent among all Food and Drug Administration-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a real-world scenario. However, the mechanism of ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown. METHODS The lack of well-optimized mouse models has hampered the in vivo cardio-oncology studies. Here, we show that cardiovascular comorbidity mouse models evidence a robust cardiac pathological phenotype upon ponatinib treatment. A combination of multiple in vitro and in vivo models was employed to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS An unbiased RNA sequencing analysis identified the enrichment of dysregulated inflammatory genes, including a multifold upregulation of alarmins S100A8/A9, as a top hit in ponatinib-treated hearts. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ponatinib activates the S100A8/A9-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)-NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3)-IL (interleukin)-1β signaling pathway in cardiac and systemic myeloid cells, in vitro and in vivo, thereby leading to excessive myocardial and systemic inflammation. Excessive inflammation was central to the cardiac pathology because interventions with broad-spectrum immunosuppressive glucocorticoid dexamethasone or specific inhibitors of NLRP3 (CY-09) or S100A9 (paquinimod) nearly abolished the ponatinib-induced cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings uncover a novel mechanism of ponatinib-induced cardiac inflammation leading to cardiac dysfunction. From a translational perspective, our results provide critical preclinical data and rationale for a clinical investigation into immunosuppressive interventions for managing ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cristi Galindo
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA35294-1913, USA
| | - Nicholas Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA35294-1913, USA
| | - Angelica Toro Coro
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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14
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Wang X, Ye CH, Li EM, Xu LY, Lin WQ, Chen GH. Discovery of octahydropyrrolo [3,2-b] pyridin derivative as a highly selective Type I inhibitor of FGFR3 over VEGFR2 by high-throughput virtual screening. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:221-238. [PMID: 36502529 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the aberrant activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is implicated in various cancers, the reported kinase inhibitors of FGFR3 tend to cause side effects resulting from the inhibitory activity on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Therefore, it is necessary to find a novel high-selective inhibitor of FGFR3 over VEGFR2 from the small-molecule compound database. In this study, integrated virtual screening protocols were established to screen for selective inhibitors of FGFR3 over VEGFR2 in Drugbank and Asinex databases by combining three-dimensional pharmacophore model, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) calculations. Finally, it is found that Asinex-5082, as an octahydropyrrolo[3,2-b] pyridin derivative, has larger binding free energy with FGFR3 (-39.3 kcal/mol) than reference drug Erdafitinib (-29.9 kcal/mol), while cannot bind with VEGFR2, resulting in considerable inhibitory selectivity. This is because Asinex-5082, unlike Erdafitinib, has not m-dimethoxybenzene with large steric hindrance, thus can enter the larger ATP-binding pocket of FGFR3 with DFG-in conformation to form hydrophobic interaction with residues Met529, Ile539, and Tyr557 as well as hydrogen bond with Ala558. On the other hand, due to the fact that the benzodioxane and N-heterocyclic rings are connected by carbonyl (C=O), Asinex-5082 cannot rotate freely so as to enter the smaller ATP binding pocket of VEGFR2 on the DFG-out conformation. The lead molecule Asinex-5082 may facilitate the rational design and development of novel selective inhibitors of FGFR3 over VEGFR2 as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wang-Qiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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15
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Chatterjee DR, Kapoor S, Jain M, Das R, Chowdhury MG, Shard A. PROTACting the kinome with covalent warheads. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103417. [PMID: 36306996 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The dawn of targeted degradation using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) against recalcitrant proteins has prompted numerous efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although many of these are specifically directed against undruggable proteins, there is increasing interest in small molecule-based PROTACs that target intracellular pathways, and some have recently entered clinical trials. Concurrently, small molecule-based PROTACs that target protumorigenic pathways in cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and angiogenesis have been found to have potent effects that synergize with the action of antibodies. This has led to the augmentation of PROTACs with variable substitution patterns. Several combinations with small molecules targeting undruggable proteins are now under clinical investigation. In this review, we discuss the recent milestones achieved as well as challenges encountered in this area of drug development, as well as our opinion on the best path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Rohan Chatterjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Meenakshi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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16
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Storandt MH, Jin Z, Mahipal A. Pemigatinib in cholangiocarcinoma with a FGFR2 rearrangement or fusion. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1265-1274. [PMID: 36408971 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2150168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) accounts for approximately 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies and is associated with a high mortality rate. Recent progress in the understanding of cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis and molecular markers has led to the development of several targeted therapies applicable to this disease. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene fusion or translocation, resulting in constitutive activation of the FGFR tyrosine kinase, has been identified as a driver of oncogenesis in 10-15% of intrahepatic CCA. Pemigatinib is an FGFR inhibitor that has demonstrated survival benefit in the second line setting for treatment of CCA with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement refractory to chemotherapy. Pemigatinib was the first targeted therapy to be approved by the FDA for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. AREAS COVERED This article reviews FGFR and its dysregulation in oncogenesis, FGFR inhibitors, especially pemigatinib, utilized in treatment of CCA, common adverse events associated with FGFR inhibitors, and future directions in the field of targeted drug development for CCA. EXPERT OPINION FGFR inhibitors, including pemigatinib, have shown promise in the management of CCA with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement; however, acquired resistance remains a major barrier in the field of FGFR inhibitors and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Molecular-Targeted Therapy for Tumor-Agnostic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123008. [PMID: 36551764 PMCID: PMC9775249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive genomic profiling examinations (CGPs) have recently been developed, and a variety of tumor-agnostic mutations have been detected, leading to the development of new molecular-targetable therapies across solid tumors. In addition, the elucidation of hereditary tumors, such as breast and ovarian cancer, has pioneered a new age marked by the development of new treatments and lifetime management strategies required for patients with potential or presented hereditary cancers. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), however, few tumor-agnostic or hereditary mutations have been the focus of investigation, with associated molecular-targeted therapies remaining poorly developed. We focused on representative tumor-agnostic mutations such as the TP53, KIT, KRAS, BRCA1, ATM, JAK2, NTRK3, FGFR3 and EGFR genes, referring to a CGP study conducted in Japan, and we considered the possibility of developing molecular-targeted therapies for AML with tumor-agnostic mutations. We summarized the frequency, the prognosis, the structure and the function of these mutations as well as the current treatment strategies in solid tumors, revealed the genetical relationships between solid tumors and AML and developed tumor-agnostic molecular-targeted therapies and lifetime management strategies in AML.
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18
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Patient Selection Approaches in FGFR Inhibitor Trials-Many Paths to the Same End? Cells 2022; 11:cells11193180. [PMID: 36231142 PMCID: PMC9563413 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling have been investigated in various human cancer diseases. Recently, the first compounds received FDA approval in biomarker-selected patient populations. Different approaches and technologies have been applied in clinical trials, ranging from protein (immunohistochemistry) to mRNA expression (e.g., RNA in situ hybridization) and to detection of various DNA alterations (e.g., copy number variations, mutations, gene fusions). We review, here, the advantages and limitations of the different technologies and discuss the importance of tissue and disease context in identifying the best predictive biomarker for FGFR targeting therapies.
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19
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Soong TR, Dillon DA, Rice-Stitt TL, Wieczorek TJ, Baker GM, Darvishian F, Collins LC, Lester SC, Schnitt SJ, Harrison BT. Invasive lobular carcinoma with extracellular mucin (ILCEM): clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of a rare entity. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1370-1382. [PMID: 35477749 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma with extracellular mucin (ILCEM) is a rare histologic subtype of breast cancer. Little is known about the pathologic or genomic signatures that distinguish ILCEM from classic invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) or mucinous carcinoma. We studied 17 breast cancers with lobular morphology and extracellular mucin. Thirteen tumors with sufficient tissue for DNA extraction were analyzed by a next generation sequencing (NGS) assay that interrogates 447 genes for mutations and copy number variations (CNVs). Median patient age was 66 yrs (range: 31-77 yrs). Sixteen patients presented with masses, 7 of which were >2 cm. Seven patients had lymph node metastases. The cases of ILCEM were moderately (n = 13) or poorly differentiated (n = 4), frequently exhibiting variant morphology that has not been previously described or emphasized, including grade 3 nuclei (n = 11), diffuse signet ring cells (n = 10), solid growth (n = 4), tumor necrosis (n = 3) or apocrine features (n = 2). All tumors showed absent or reduced membranous E-cadherin expression. Concurrent lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was seen in 11/17 cases, 1 of which was a striking example of signet ring cell LCIS with extracellular mucin. Receptor profiles were ER+/HER2- (n = 15) and ER+/HER2+ (n = 2). With a median follow-up of 83.5 months (range: 3-171 months) in 12 patients with available information, 8 patients had recurrences resulting in 4 cancer-related deaths. The most common CNVs were 16q loss (n = 11) and 1q gain (n = 9). CDH1 gene-level alterations were detected in all but one case, including frameshift (n = 7), nonsense (n = 2), and donor splice site (n = 1) mutations and indels (n = 2). Recurrent mutations were also seen in PIK3CA (n = 3), POLQ (n = 3), TP53 (n = 3), ERBB3 (n = 3), ERBB2 (n = 2), and RUNX1 (n = 2). Genes with recurrent amplifications included GATA3 (n = 4), FOXA1 (n = 3), CCND1 (n = 2). Our data highlights ILCEM as a distinct variant of ILC that often presents with higher-grade and variant morphologic features and is associated with an aggressive clinical course. NGS data support an overall lobular-type molecular profile and reveal potentially targetable alterations in a subset of cases with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rinda Soong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tad John Wieczorek
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan C Lester
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth T Harrison
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Moes-Sosnowska J, Skupinska M, Lechowicz U, Szczepulska-Wojcik E, Skronska P, Rozy A, Stepniewska A, Langfort R, Rudzinski P, Orlowski T, Popiel D, Stanczak A, Wieczorek M, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. FGFR1-4 RNA-Based Gene Alteration and Expression Analysis in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810506. [PMID: 36142417 PMCID: PMC9505002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are involved in several biological pathways and FGFR inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Sq-NSCLC), FGFR aberrations are not well characterized in Sq-NSCLC. We comprehensively evaluated FGFR expression, fusions, and variants in 40 fresh-frozen primary Sq-NSCLC (stage IA3−IV) samples and tumor-adjacent normal tissues using real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Protein expression of FGFR1−3 and amplification of FGFR1 were also analyzed. FGFR1 and FGFR4 median gene expression was significantly (p < 0.001) decreased in tumors compared with normal tissue. Increased FGFR3 expression enhanced the recurrence risk (hazard ratio 4.72, p = 0.029), while high FGFR4 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.036). Enhanced FGFR1 gene expression was correlated with FGFR1 protein overexpression (r = 0.75, p = 0.0003), but not with FGFR1 amplification. NGS revealed known pathogenic FGFR2,3 variants, an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion, and a novel TACC1::FGFR1 fusion together with FGFR1,2 variants of uncertain significance not previously reported in Sq-NSCLC. These findings expand our knowledge of the Sq-NSCLC molecular background and show that combining different methods increases the rate of FGFR aberrations detection, which may improve patient selection for FGFRi treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Monika Skupinska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Ewa Szczepulska-Wojcik
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Skronska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Adriana Rozy
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Aneta Stepniewska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Renata Langfort
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rudzinski
- Department of Surgery, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Orlowski
- Department of Surgery, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Delfina Popiel
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stanczak
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Small Molecule Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances and Challenges. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175537. [PMID: 36080304 PMCID: PMC9457820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to data provided by World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cause of deaths due to cancer worldwide. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the last 10 years developing novel agents for HCC treatment, including small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Several small molecule inhibitors currently form the core of HCC treatment due to their versatility since they would be more easily absorbed and have higher oral bioavailability, thus easier to formulate and administer to patients. In addition, they can be altered structurally to have greater volumes of distribution, allowing them to block extravascular molecular targets and to accumulate in a high concentration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, they can be designed to have shortened half-lives to control for immune-related adverse events. Most importantly, they would spare patients, healthcare institutions, and society as a whole from the burden of high drug costs. The present review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical compounds that are licensed for HCC treatment and other emerging compounds that are still investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. These molecules are targeting different molecular targets and pathways that are proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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22
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Hnatiuk AP, Bruyneel AA, Tailor D, Pandrala M, Dheeraj A, Li W, Serrano R, Feyen DA, Vu MM, Amatya P, Gupta S, Nakauchi Y, Morgado I, Wiebking V, Liao R, Porteus MH, Majeti R, Malhotra SV, Mercola M. Reengineering Ponatinib to Minimize Cardiovascular Toxicity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2777-2791. [PMID: 35763671 PMCID: PMC9620869 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized cancer treatment and greatly improved patient survival. However, life-threatening cardiotoxicity of many TKIs has become a major concern. Ponatinib (ICLUSIG) was developed as an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL oncogene and is among the most cardiotoxic of TKIs. Consequently, use of ponatinib is restricted to the treatment of tumors carrying T315I-mutated BCR-ABL, which occurs in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and confers resistance to first- and second-generation inhibitors such as imatinib and nilotinib. Through parallel screening of cardiovascular toxicity and antitumor efficacy assays, we engineered safer analogs of ponatinib that retained potency against T315I BCR-ABL kinase activity and suppressed T315I mutant CML tumor growth. The new compounds were substantially less toxic in human cardiac vasculogenesis and cardiomyocyte contractility assays in vitro. The compounds showed a larger therapeutic window in vivo, leading to regression of human T315I mutant CML xenografts without cardiotoxicity. Comparison of the kinase inhibition profiles of ponatinib and the new compounds suggested that ponatinib cardiotoxicity is mediated by a few kinases, some of which were previously unassociated with cardiovascular disease. Overall, the study develops an approach using complex phenotypic assays to reduce the high risk of cardiovascular toxicity that is prevalent among small molecule oncology therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE Newly developed ponatinib analogs retain antitumor efficacy but elicit significantly decreased cardiotoxicity, representing a therapeutic opportunity for safer CML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Cardiotoxicity/drug therapy
- Cardiotoxicity/etiology
- Cardiotoxicity/prevention & control
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imidazoles
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Hnatiuk
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Arne A.N. Bruyneel
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Arpit Dheeraj
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wenqi Li
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dries A.M. Feyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle M. Vu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Prashila Amatya
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Saloni Gupta
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Division of Hematology Institute for Stem cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, California
| | - Isabel Morgado
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Volker Wiebking
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew H. Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Division of Hematology Institute for Stem cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, California
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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23
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Amplified in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma: Potential Targeted Therapies and Novel Downstream Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153750. [PMID: 35954414 PMCID: PMC9367326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is an aggressive subtype of gastric carcinoma with an extremely poor prognosis due to frequent peritoneal metastasis and high probability of recurrence. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, and consequently, no effective molecular targeted therapy is available. The importance of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling has been recently demonstrated in the malignant progression of DGC. In particular, RTK gene amplification appears to accelerate peritoneal metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of RTK gene amplification in DGC and the potential of related targeted therapies. Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with an aggressive subtype of GC, known as diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), have extremely poor prognoses. DGC is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth, massive desmoplastic stroma, frequent peritoneal metastasis, and high probability of recurrence. These clinical features and progression patterns of DGC substantially differ from those of other GC subtypes, suggesting the existence of specific oncogenic signals. The importance of gene amplification and the resulting aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in the malignant progression of DGC is becoming apparent. Here, we review the characteristics of RTK gene amplification in DGC and its importance in peritoneal metastasis. These insights may potentially lead to new targeted therapeutics.
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24
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Flietner E, Wen Z, Rajagopalan A, Jung O, Watkins L, Wiesner J, You X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Kingstad-Bakke B, Callander NS, Rapraeger A, Suresh M, Asimakopoulos F, Zhang J. Ponatinib sensitizes myeloma cells to MEK inhibition in the high-risk VQ model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10616. [PMID: 35739276 PMCID: PMC9226136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell cancer. Mutations in RAS pathway genes are prevalent in advanced and proteasome inhibitor (PI) refractory MM. As such, we recently developed a VQ MM mouse model recapitulating human advanced/high-risk MM. Using VQ MM cell lines we conducted a repurposing screen of 147 FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs with or without trametinib (Tra), a MEK inhibitor. Consistent with its high-risk molecular feature, VQ MM displayed reduced responses to PIs and de novo resistance to the BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax. Ponatinib (Pon) is the only tyrosine kinase inhibitor that showed moderate MM killing activity as a single agent and strong synergism with Tra in vitro. Combined Tra and Pon treatment significantly prolonged the survival of VQ MM mice regardless of treatment schemes. However, this survival benefit was moderate compared to that of Tra alone. Further testing of Tra and Pon on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells showed that Pon, but not Tra, blocked T cell function in vitro, suggesting that the negative impact of Pon on T cells may partially counteract its MM-killing synergism with Tra in vivo. Our study provides strong rational to comprehensively evaluate agents on both MM cells and anti-MM immune cells during therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Flietner
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhi Wen
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine Research and Integrated Research and Development Laboratories, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Adhithi Rajagopalan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Oisun Jung
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Lyndsay Watkins
- Center for Precision Medicine Research and Integrated Research and Development Laboratories, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Joshua Wiesner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xiaona You
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yuqian Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brock Kingstad-Bakke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Natalie S Callander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Alan Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7453, WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Chen D, Shi X, Song J, Wu J, Huang F, Xia Q, Xiang Y, Zheng X, Cai Y. The novel FGFR inhibitor F1-7 induces DNA damage and cell death in colon cells. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1014-1025. [PMID: 35715638 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling influenced tumour occurrence and development. Overexpression of FGFR had been observed in many types of cancers, including colon cancer. FGFR inhibitor is considered to be effective in treating colon cancer patients. METHODS First, the kinase inhibition rate was determined. MTT, western blotting, colony formation, EdU and comet assays were performed to evaluate the anti-tumour effects of F1-7 in vitro. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were used for further verification. Additionally, a xenograft model was generated to investigate the anti-tumour effect of F1-7. RESULTS F1-7 can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro. It could significantly inhibit FGFR phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway. Whole-genome RNA-seq analysis found that the changed genes were not only functionally focused on MAPK signaling pathway but also related to cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Experimental evidence demonstrated that F1-7 can directly increase the level of cellular DNA damage. The occurrence of DNA damage led to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell metastasis and cell apoptosis. Mouse model experiments also confirmed that F1-7 could inhibit tumour growth by inhibiting the FGFR pathway. CONCLUSIONS F1-7 exhibits anti-tumour activity by inhibiting the FGFR pathway. It could be a novel therapeutic agent for targeting colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daoxing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinqin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youqun Xiang
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Wei C, Ding L, Luo Q, Li X, Zeng X, Kong D, Yu X, Feng J, Ye Y, Wang L, Huang H. Development and Validation of an Individualized Metabolism-Related Prognostic Model for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829007. [PMID: 35785164 PMCID: PMC9247176 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy with widely variable prognosis. For this reason, a more tailored-stratified approach for prognosis is urgently needed to improve the treatment success rates of AML patients.MethodsIn the investigation of metabolic pattern in AML patients, we developed a metabolism-related prognostic model, which was consisted of metabolism-related gene pairs (MRGPs) identified by pairwise comparison. Furthermore, we analyzed the predictive ability and clinical significance of the prognostic model.ResultsGiven the significant differences in metabolic pathways between AML patients and healthy donors, we proposed a metabolism-related prognostic signature index (MRPSI) consisting of three MRGPs, which were remarkedly related with the overall survival of AML patients in the training set. The association of MRPSI with prognosis was also validated in two other independent cohorts, suggesting that high MRPSI score can identify patients with poor prognosis. The MRPSI and age were confirmed to be independent prognostic factors via multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we combined MRPSI with age and constructed a composite metabolism-clinical prognostic model index (MCPMI), which demonstrated better prognostic accuracy in all cohorts. Stratification analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the MCPMI was an independent prognostic factor. By estimating the sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs in different AML patients, we selected five drugs that were more sensitive to patients in MCPMI-high group than those in MCPMI-low group.ConclusionOur study provided an individualized metabolism-related prognostic model that identified high-risk patients and revealed new potential therapeutic drugs for AML patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Delin Kong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: He Huang, ; Limengmeng Wang,
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: He Huang, ; Limengmeng Wang,
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Rodríguez F, Caruana P, De la Fuente N, Español P, Gámez M, Balart J, Llurba E, Rovira R, Ruiz R, Martín-Lorente C, Corchero JL, Céspedes MV. Nano-Based Approved Pharmaceuticals for Cancer Treatment: Present and Future Challenges. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060784. [PMID: 35740909 PMCID: PMC9221343 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To date, and despite the advances in conventional treatment options, therapy in cancer is still far from optimal due to the non-specific systemic biodistribution of antitumor agents. The inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site led to an increased incidence of multiple drug resistance and the appearance of many severe undesirable side effects. Nanotechnology, through the development of nanoscale-based pharmaceuticals, has emerged to provide new and innovative drugs to overcome these limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the approved nanomedicine for cancer treatment and the rationale behind their designs and applications. We also highlight the new approaches that are currently under investigation and the perspectives and challenges for nanopharmaceuticals, focusing on the tumor microenvironment and tumor disseminate cells as the most attractive and effective strategies for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez
- Grup d’Oncologia Ginecològica i Peritoneal, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.); (P.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Pablo Caruana
- Grup d’Oncologia Ginecològica i Peritoneal, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.); (P.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Noa De la Fuente
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital HM Rosaleda, 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pía Español
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.L.); (R.R.)
| | - María Gámez
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Balart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elisa Llurba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Ramón Rovira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Raúl Ruiz
- Grup d’Oncologia Ginecològica i Peritoneal, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.); (P.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Cristina Martín-Lorente
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and CIBER-BBN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.C.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +34-93-5812148 (J.L.C.); +34-93-400000 (ext. 1427) (M.V.C.)
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Grup d’Oncologia Ginecològica i Peritoneal, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.); (P.C.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.C.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +34-93-5812148 (J.L.C.); +34-93-400000 (ext. 1427) (M.V.C.)
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Pan YL, Zeng SX, Hao RR, Liang MH, Shen ZR, Huang WH. The progress of small-molecules and degraders against BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114442. [PMID: 35551036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system with crucial pathogenic protein named BCR-ABL, which endangers the life of patients severely. As a milestone of targeted drug, Imatinib has achieved great success in the treatment of CML. Nevertheless, inevitable drug resistance of Imatinib has occurred frequently in clinical due to the several mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase. Subsequently, the second-generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against BCR-ABL was developed to address the mutants of Imatinib resistance, except T315I. To date, the third-generation of TKIs targeting T315I has been developed for improving the selectivity and safety. Notably, the first allosteric inhibitor has been in market which could overcome the mutations in ATP binding site effectively. Meanwhile, some advanced technology, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) based on different E3 ligand, are highly expected to overcome the drug resistance by selectively degrading the targeted proteins. In this review, we summarized the current research progress of inhibitors and degraders targeting BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen-Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Rong Hao
- Hangzhou Chinese Academy of Sciences-Hangzhou Medical College Advanced Medical Technology Institute, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Angre T, Kumar A, Singh AK, Thareja S, Kumar P. Role of collagen regulators in cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2956-2984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220501162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Collagen is the most important structural protein and also a main component of extra-cellular matrix (ECM). It plays a role in tumor progression. Collagen can be regulated by altering it’s biosynthesis pathway through various signaling pathways, receptors and genes. Activity of cancer cells can also be regulated by other ECM components like metalloproteinases, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and so on. Hypoxia is also one of the condition which leads to cancer progression by stimulating the expression of procollagen lysine as a collagen crosslinker, which increases the size of collagen fibres promoting cancer spread. The collagen content in cancerous cells leads to resistance in chemotherapy. So, to reduce this resistance, some of the collagen regulating therapies are introduced, which include inhibiting its biosynthesis, disturbing cancer cell signaling pathway, mediating ECM components and directly utilizing collagenase. This study is an effort to compile the strategies reported to control the collagen level and different collagen inhibitors reported so far. More research is needed in this area, growing understandings of collagen’s structural features and its role in cancer progression will aid in the advancement of newer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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30
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Zugman M, Botrus G, Pestana RC, Uson Junior PLS. Precision Medicine Targeting FGFR2 Genomic Alterations in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: Current State and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860453. [PMID: 35444941 PMCID: PMC9013963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a relatively uncommon tumor, cholangiocarcinoma is on the rise globally. Of note, most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease, and the prognosis is poor with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Strategies targeting specific genomic alterations have demonstrated promising activity in recent years and could represent a new therapeutic avenue for these patients. In this review, we will address the biology and clinical results of FGFR inhibition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, highlighting limitations associated with treatment and discussing the use of circulating tumor DNA to detect mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Zugman
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gehan Botrus
- Medical Oncology Phase I Clinical Trials, HonorHealth Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson Junior
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Moes-Sosnowska J, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-4 Genetic Aberrations as Clinically Relevant Biomarkers in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:780650. [PMID: 35402233 PMCID: PMC8991910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.780650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors (FGFRis) are a potential therapeutic option for squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Sq-NSCLC). Because appropriate patient selection is needed for targeted therapy, molecular profiling is key to discovering candidate biomarker(s). Multiple FGFR aberrations are present in Sq-NSCLC tumors-alterations (mutations and fusions), amplification and mRNA/protein overexpression-but their predictive potential is unclear. Although FGFR1 amplification reliability was unsatisfactory, FGFR mRNA overexpression, mutations, and fusions are promising. However, currently their discriminatory power is insufficient, and the available clinical data are from small groups of Sq-NSCLC patients. Here, we focus on FGFR aberrations as predictive biomarkers for FGFR-targeting agents in Sq-NSCLC. Known and suggested molecular determinants of FGFRi resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Dermawan JK, Vanderbilt CM, Chang JC, Untch BR, Singer S, Chi P, Tap WD, Antonescu CR. FGFR2::TACC2 fusion as a novel KIT-independent mechanism of targeted therapy failure in a multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:412-419. [PMID: 35170141 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in FGF/FGFR pathway are infrequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), with rare cases of quadruple wildtype GISTs harboring FGFR1 gene fusions and mutations. Additionally, FGF/FGFR overexpression was shown to promote drug resistance to kinase inhibitors in GISTs. However, FGFR gene fusions have not been directly implicated as a mechanism of drug resistance in GISTs. Herein, we report a patient presenting with a primary small bowel spindle cell GIST and concurrent peritoneal and liver metastases displaying an imatinib-sensitive KIT exon 11 in-frame deletion. After an initial 9-month benefit to imatinib, the patient experienced intraabdominal peritoneal recurrence owing to secondary KIT exon 13 missense mutation and FGFR4 amplification. Despite several additional rounds of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the patient's disease progressed after 2 years and presented with multiple peritoneal and liver metastases, including one pericolonic mass harboring secondary KIT exon 18 missense mutation, and a concurrent transverse colonic mass with a FGFR2::TACC2 fusion and AKT2 amplification. All tumors, including primary and recurrent masses, harbored an MGA c.7272 T > G (p.Y2424*) nonsense mutation and CDKN2A/CDKN2B/MTAP deletions. The transcolonic mass showed elevated mitotic count (18/10 HPF), as well as significant decrease in CD117 and DOG1 expression, in contrast to all the other resistant nodules that displayed diffuse and strong CD117 and DOG1 immunostaining. The FGFR2::TACC2 fusion resulted from a 742 kb intrachromosomal inversion at the chr10q26.3 locus, leading to a fusion between exons 1-17 of FGFR2 and exons 7-17 TACC2, which preserves the extracellular and protein tyrosine kinase domains of FGFR2. We present the first report of a multi-drug resistant GIST patient who developed an FGFR2 gene fusion as a secondary genetic event to the selective pressure of various TKIs. This case also highlights the heterogeneous escape mechanisms to targeted therapy across various tumor nodules, spanning from both KIT-dependent and KIT-independent off-target activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chad M Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason C Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian R Untch
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Guo M, Duan Y, Dai S, Li J, Chen X, Qu L, Chen Z, Wei H, Jiang L, Chen Y. Structural study of ponatinib in inhibiting SRC kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:15-19. [PMID: 35151199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ponatinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets ABL, SRC, FGFR, and so on. It was designed to overcome the resistance of BCR-ABL mutation to imatinib, especially the gatekeeper mutation ABLT315I. The molecular mechanism by which ponatinib overcomes mutations of BCR-ABL and some other targets has been explained, but little information is known about the characteristics of ponatinib binding to SRC. Here, we showed that ponatinib inhibited wild type SRC kinase but failed to inhibit SRC gatekeeper mutants in both biochemical and cellular assays. We determined the crystal structure of ponatinib in complex with the SRC kinase domain. In addition, by structural analysis, we provided a possible explanation for why ponatinib showed different effects on SRC and other kinases with gatekeeper mutations. The resistance mechanism of SRC gatekeeper mutations to ponatinib may provide meaningful information for designing inhibitors against SRC family kinases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yankun Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Pathology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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Arbour KC, Manchado E, Bott MJ, Ahn L, Tobi Y, Ni AA, Yu HA, Shannon A, Ladanyi M, Perron V, Ginsberg MS, Johnson A, Holodny A, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Lito P, Rosen N, Lowe S, Riely GJ. Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Trametinib and Ponatinib in Patients With NSCLC Harboring KRAS Mutations. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100256. [PMID: 34984405 PMCID: PMC8693267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Somatic KRAS mutations occur in 25% of patients with NSCLC. Treatment with MEK inhibitor monotherapy has not been successful in clinical trials to date. Compensatory activation of FGFR1 was identified as a mechanism of trametinib resistance in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, and combination therapy with trametinib and ponatinib was synergistic in in vitro and in vivo models. This study sought to evaluate this drug combination in patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Methods A phase 1 dose escalation study of trametinib and ponatinib was conducted in patients with advanced NSCLC with KRAS mutations. A standard 3-plus-3 dose escalation was done. Patients were treated with the study therapy until intolerable toxicity or disease progression. Results A total of 12 patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC were treated (seven at trametinib 2 mg and ponatinib 15 mg, five at trametinib 2 mg and ponatinib 30 mg). Common toxicities observed were rash, diarrhea, and fever. Serious adverse events potentially related to therapy were reported in five patients, including one death in the study and four cardiovascular events. Serious events were observed at both dose levels. Of note, 75% (9 of 12) were assessable for radiographic response and no confirmed partial responses were observed. The median time on study was 43 days. Conclusions In this phase 1 study, in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC, combined treatment with trametinib and ponatinib was associated with cardiovascular and bleeding toxicities. Exploring the combination of MEK and FGFR1 inhibition in future studies is potentially warranted but alternative agents should be considered to improve safety and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Arbour
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Corresponding author. Address for correspondence: Kathryn C. Arbour, MD, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 540 East 74th Street, New York, NY 10021.
| | - Eusebio Manchado
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J. Bott
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yosef Tobi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andy Ai Ni
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alyssa Shannon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Perron
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michelle S. Ginsberg
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrei Holodny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G. Kris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Piro Lito
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Neal Rosen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory J. Riely
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Cheng M, Yang F, Liu J, Yang D, Zhang S, Yu Y, Jiang S, Dong M. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors-Induced Arrhythmias: From Molecular Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetics to Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:758010. [PMID: 34869670 PMCID: PMC8639698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.758010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of anti-tumor drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are an indispensable part of targeted therapy. They can be superior to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs in selectivity, safety, and efficacy. However, they have been found to be associated with serious adverse effects in use, such as myocardial infarction, fluid retention, hypertension, and rash. Although TKIs induced arrhythmia with a lower incidence than other cardiovascular diseases, much clinical evidence indicated that adequate attention and management should be provided to patients. This review focuses on QT interval prolongation and atrial fibrillation (AF) which are conveniently monitored in clinical practice. We collected data about TKIs, and analyzed the molecule mechanism, discussed the actual clinical evidence and drug-drug interaction, and provided countermeasures to QT interval prolongation and AF. We also pooled data to show that both QT prolongation and AF are related to their multi-target effects. Furthermore, more than 30 TKIs were approved by the FDA, but most of the novel drugs had a small sample size in the preclinical trial and risk/benefit assessments were not perfect, which led to a suspension after listing, like nilotinib. Similarly, vandetanib exhibits the most significant QT prolongation and ibrutinib exhibits the highest incidence in AF, but does not receive enough attention during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The First Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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The ponatinib/gossypol novel combination provides enhanced anticancer activity against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma via triggering apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation/angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115767. [PMID: 34699866 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antitumor agents or combinations that are more effective and, hopefully, provide fewer health hazards is ongoing. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of a novel combination of ponatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and the natural phytochemical gossypol against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Six groups of ten mice each received vehicle (I), ponatinib in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg (II, III) respectively, gossypol in a dose of 4 mg/kg (IV), and ponatinib (10 or 15 mg/kg) in combination with gossypol (4 mg/kg; V, VI). All treatments started on the 12th post-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) implantation day and were administered intraperitoneally in daily doses for 3 weeks. Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with ponatinib/gossypol combination improved anticancer efficacy over either drug alone, as demonstrated by greater decreases in tumor weight and volume, and ponatinib (10 mg/kg)/gossypol combination was more efficient than ponatinib (15 mg/kg). Mechanistically, the ponatinib/gossypol combination significantly increased apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase-9 while decreasing anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, it greatly decreased proliferative and angiogenic markers, FGFR4 and VEGF, respectively. Histopathology revealed a significant decline in neoplastic cells, the majority of which have necrotic changes and numerous apoptotic bodies, as well as a decrease in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells, indicating the capacity to suppress cancer proliferation/persistence. Overall, gossypol could be used as an adjuvant medication for ponatinib in cancer treatment, possibly leading to successful dose reductions and fewer side effects; however, further research is needed before a clinical application could be feasible.
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Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib Inhibits Meningioma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235898. [PMID: 34885009 PMCID: PMC8657092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no standard-of-care systemic therapy for the treatment of aggressive meningiomas. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are frequently expressed in aggressive meningiomas and are associated with poor survival. Ponatinib is a FDA- and EMA-approved RTK inhibitor and its efficacy in meningioma has not been studied so far. Therefore, we investigated ponatinib as a potential drug candidate against meningioma. Cell viability and cell proliferation of ponatinib-treated meningioma cells were assessed using crystal violet assay, manual counting and BrdU assay. Treated meningioma cell lines were subjected to flow cytometry to evaluate the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. Meningioma-bearing mice were treated with ponatinib to examine antitumor effects in vivo. qPCR was performed to assess the mRNA levels of tyrosine kinase receptors after ponatinib treatment. Full-length cDNA sequencing was carried out to assess differential gene expression. IC50 values of ponatinib were between 171.2 and 341.9 nM in three meningioma cell lines. Ponatinib induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and subsequently led to an accumulation of cells in the subG1-phase. A significant induction of apoptosis was observed in vitro. In vivo, ponatinib inhibited meningioma growth by 72.6%. Mechanistically, this was associated with downregulation of PDGFRA/B and FLT3 mRNA levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, ponatinib is a promising candidate for targeted therapy in the treatment of aggressive meningioma.
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Chioni AM, Grose RP. Biological Significance and Targeting of the FGFR Axis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5681. [PMID: 34830836 PMCID: PMC8616401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the widespread expression of all seven signalling FGF receptors (FGFRs) throughout the body, and the dramatic phenotypes shown by many FGF/R knockout mice, highlight the diversity, complexity and functional importance of FGFR signalling. The FGF/R axis is critical during normal tissue development, homeostasis and repair. Therefore, it is not surprising that substantial evidence also pinpoints the involvement of aberrant FGFR signalling in disease, including tumourigenesis. FGFR aberrations in cancer include mutations, gene fusions, and amplifications as well as corrupted autocrine/paracrine loops. Indeed, many clinical trials on cancer are focusing on targeting the FGF/FGFR axis, using selective FGFR inhibitors, nonselective FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibodies and some have already been approved for the treatment of cancer patients. The heterogeneous tumour microenvironment and complexity of FGFR signalling may be some of the factors responsible for the resistance or poor response to therapy with FGFR axis-directed therapeutic agents. In the present review we will focus on the structure and function of FGF(R)s, their common irregularities in cancer and the therapeutic value of targeting their function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Myrto Chioni
- School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Richard P. Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
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Cowell JK, Hu T. Mechanisms of resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors in FGFR1-driven leukemias and lymphomas: implications for optimized treatment. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:607-619. [PMID: 34734169 PMCID: PMC8562765 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and FGFR1 rearrangements (MLN-eo FGFR1) disease is derived from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and has a complex presentation with a myeloproliferative disorder with or without eosinophilia and frequently presents with mixed lineage T- or B-lymphomas. The myeloproliferative disease frequently progresses to AML and lymphoid neoplasms can develop into acute lymphomas. No matter the cell type involved, or clinical presentation, chromosome translocations involving the FGFR1 kinase and various partner genes, which leads to constitutive activation of downstream oncogenic signaling cascades. These patients are not responsive to treatment regimens developed for other acute leukemias and survival is poor. Recent development of specific FGFR1 inhibitors has suggested an alternative therapeutic approach but resistance is likely to evolve over time. Mouse models of this disease syndrome have been developed and are being used for preclinical evaluation of FGFR1 inhibitors. Cell lines from these models have now been developed and have been used to investigate the mechanisms of resistance that might be expected in clinical cases. So far, a V561M mutation in the kinases domain and deletion of PTEN have been recognized as leading to resistance and both operate through the PI3K/AKT signaling axis. One of the important consequences is the suppression of PUMA, a potent enforcer of apoptosis, which operates through BCL2. Targeting BCL2 in the resistant cells leads to suppression of leukemia development in mouse models, which potentially provides an opportunity to treat patients that become resistant to FGFR1 inhibitors. In addition, elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying FGFR1-driven leukemias and lymphomas also provides new targets for combined treatment as another option to bypass the FGFR1 inhibitor resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tianxiang Hu
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Ooki A, Yamaguchi K. The beginning of the era of precision medicine for gastric cancer with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 aberration. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1169-1183. [PMID: 34398359 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC), prognostic outcomes remain poor. Considerable research effort has been invested in characterizing the genomic landscape of GC and identifying potential therapeutic targets. FGFR2 is one of the most attractive targets because aberrations in this gene are frequently associated with GC, particularly the diffuse type in Lauren's classification, which confers an unfavorable prognosis. Based on the preclinical data, the FGFR2 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and progression of GC, and several FGFR inhibitors have been clinically assessed. However, the lack of robust treatment efficacy has hampered precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Recently, the clinical benefits of the FGFR2-IIIb-selective monoclonal antibody bemarituzumab for FGFR2b-positive GC patients were shown in a randomized phase II FIGHT trial of bemarituzumab combined with the first-line chemotherapy. This trial demonstrates proof of concept, suggesting that FGFR2 is a relevant therapeutic target for patients with FGFR2b-positive GC and that bemarituzumab brings new hope for diffuse-type GC patients. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic roles of FGFR2 signaling and highlight the most recent advances in FGFR inhibitors based on the findings of pivotal clinical trials for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Thus, the era of precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC will be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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A pilot study of Pan-FGFR inhibitor ponatinib in patients with FGFR-altered advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:134-141. [PMID: 34463891 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare, chemo resistant and are associated with a poor prognosis. Preclinical and early clinical work had demonstrated interesting anti-tumor activity from targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway. We hypothesized that ponatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against FGFR, would be active in BTC patients with FGFR alterations. Methods This was a multi-center, single institution pilot study of ponatinib in patients with advanced, refractory BTC with FGFR alterations. The primary end point was overall response rate, with secondary points of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessment. Results Twelve patients were enrolled prior to early termination of the trial. Partial responses were observed in 1 from 12 patients. Median PFS was 2.4 months and median OS was 15.7 months. All observed toxicities were manageable and reversible. Toxicities were mild, with lymphopenia (75%), rash (63%) and fatigue (50%) being the most frequent. No significant detriment in global QoL was observed. Conclusions Ponatinib as a single agent in FGFR altered BTC is tolerable with limited clinical activity. This is the first report of prospective assessment of FGFR inhibition in BTC using ponatinib, and the first study to report its effect on HRQoL. Further development of ponatinib will involve correlative studies to better refine patient selection, focus on combinations with other molecular targeted agents, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and studies to better understand mechanisms of treatment resistance.
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Zhao J, Tan W, Zhang L, Liu J, Shangguan M, Chen J, Zhao B, Peng Y, Cui M, Zhao S. FGFR3 phosphorylates EGFR to promote cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114536. [PMID: 33794187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecologic cancer, and the majority of patients with ovarian cancer experience relapse after traditional treatment. Cisplatin (DDP) is a common chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer, but many patients acquire DDP-resistance after treatment with long-term chemotherapy. The mechanisms of drug-resistance in ovarian cancer are not clear, and we thus aim to investigate novel targets for DDP-resistant ovarian cancer. Differential analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment and protein interaction networks were employed to identify the key genes related to DDP-resistance in ovarian cancer. Subsequently, cell viability, apoptosis and migration were measured to assess the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) on DDP-resistance. Further, Pearson correlation analysis and co-expression analysis were used to explore the downstream pathways of FGFR3, and the function of FGFR3 and its downstream targets were further demonstrated by in vitro and nude mice experiments. FGFR3 were expressed at high levels in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. FGFR3 silencing suppressed the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and impeded the drug-resistance and development of tumor cells. Afterwards, we found that FGFR3 was co-expressed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). FGFR3 overexpression elevated EGFR phosphorylation and activated PI3K/AKT signaling. Furthermore, in nude mice, silencing FGFR3 and inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation were observed to promote the therapeutic effect of DDP. In conclusion, FGFR3 overexpression enhances DDP-resistance of ovarian cancer by promoting EGFR phosphorylation and further activating PI3K/AKT pathway. This study may offer promising targets for DDP-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Wenxi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Shangguan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Benzheng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, PR China.
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Du G, Jiang J, Wu Q, Henning NJ, Donovan KA, Yue H, Che J, Lu W, Fischer ES, Bardeesy N, Zhang T, Gray NS. Discovery of a Potent Degrader for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Henning
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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45
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Du G, Jiang J, Wu Q, Henning NJ, Donovan KA, Yue H, Che J, Lu W, Fischer ES, Bardeesy N, Zhang T, Gray NS. Discovery of a Potent Degrader for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15905-15911. [PMID: 33915015 PMCID: PMC8324087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of FGFR signaling occurs in many cancers, and ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitors have received regulatory approval. Despite demonstrating clinical efficacy, these inhibitors exhibit dose-limiting toxicity, potentially due to a lack of selectivity amongst the FGFR family and are poorly tolerated. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of DGY-09-192, a bivalent degrader that couples the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 to a CRL2VHL E3 ligase recruiting ligand, which preferentially induces FGFR1&2 degradation while largely sparing FGFR3&4. DGY-09-192 exhibited two-digit nanomolar DC50 s for both wildtype FGFR2 and several FGFR2-fusions, resulting in degradation-dependent antiproliferative activity in representative gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma cells. Importantly, DGY-09-192 induced degradation of a clinically relevant FGFR2 fusion protein in a xenograft model. Taken together, we demonstrate that DGY-09-192 has potential as a prototype FGFR degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Henning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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46
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Yu F, Cai M, Shao L, Zhang J. Targeting Protein Kinases Degradation by PROTACs. Front Chem 2021; 9:679120. [PMID: 34277564 PMCID: PMC8279777 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase dysregulation is greatly associated with cell proliferation, migration and survival, indicating the importance of kinases as therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development. However, traditional kinase inhibitors binding to catalytic or allosteric sites are associated with significant challenges. The emergence of resistance and targeting difficult-to-degrade and multi-domain proteins are significant limiting factors affecting the efficacy of targeted anticancer drugs. The next-generation treatment approaches seem to have overcome these concerns, and the use of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology is one such method. PROTACs bind to proteins of interest and recruit E3 ligase for degrading the whole target protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This review provides a detailed summary of the most recent signs of progress in PROTACs targeting different kinases, primarily focusing on new chemical entities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Wei Y, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Cui Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Wang Q, Li C, Ruan H, Zhou H, Wei M, Yang G, Yang C. Discovery and Optimization of a Novel 2 H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivative as a Potent Irreversible Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9078-9099. [PMID: 34129329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have become promising therapeutic targets in various types of cancers. In fact, several selective irreversible inhibitors capable of covalently reacting with the conserved cysteine of FGFRs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this article, we optimized and discovered a novel lead compound 36 with remarkable inhibitory effects against FGFR (1-3), which is a derivative of 2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. The irreversible binding to FGFRs was characterized by LC-MS. This compound has been shown to exhibit significant anti-proliferation effects against NCI-H1581 and SNU-16 cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 36 has also demonstrated a low toxicity profile and adequate pharmacokinetic properties and is currently under validation as a potential drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yetong Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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48
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Margiotta A. All Good Things Must End: Termination of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126342. [PMID: 34198477 PMCID: PMC8231876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane receptors that regulate many fundamental cellular processes. A tight regulation of RTK signaling is fundamental for development and survival, and an altered signaling by RTKs can cause cancer. RTKs are localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and the major regulatory mechanism of signaling of RTKs is their endocytosis and degradation. In fact, RTKs at the cell surface bind ligands with their extracellular domain, become active, and are rapidly internalized where the temporal extent of signaling, attenuation, and downregulation are modulated. However, other mechanisms of signal attenuation and termination are known. Indeed, inhibition of RTKs’ activity may occur through the modulation of the phosphorylation state of RTKs and the interaction with specific proteins, whereas antagonist ligands can inhibit the biological responses mediated by the receptor. Another mechanism concerns the expression of endogenous inactive receptor variants that are deficient in RTK activity and take part to inactive heterodimers or hetero-oligomers. The downregulation of RTK signals is fundamental for several cellular functions and the homeostasis of the cell. Here, we will review the mechanisms of signal attenuation and termination of RTKs, focusing on FGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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Jiang K, Tang X, Guo J, He R, Chan S, Song X, Tu Z, Wang Y, Ren X, Ding K, Zhang Z. GZD824 overcomes FGFR1-V561F/M mutant resistance in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4874-4884. [PMID: 34114373 PMCID: PMC8290231 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormallyactivated FGFR1 has been validated as a therapeutic target for differentcancers. Although a variety of FGFR inhibitors have shown benefit in manyclinical patients with FGFR1 aberration, FGFR1 mutant resistance such as V561Mmutation, has been reported. To date however, no FGFR inhibitors have beenapproved to treat patients with FGFR mutant resistance. Herein, we report that GZD824, athird generation ABL inhibitor (Phase II, China), overcomes FGFR1‐V561F/M mutant resistance in vitro and in vivo. GZD824potently suppresses FGFR1/2/3 with an IC50 value of 4.14 ± 0.96, 2.77 ± 0.082, and 8.10 ± 0.15 nmol/L. It effectively overcomes FGFR1‐V561F/M and other mutantresistance in Ba/F3 stable cells (IC50:8.1–55.0 nM), and effectively inhibits the growth of Ba/F3‐FGFR1‐V561F/M mutantxenograft tumors in vivo (TGI=73.4%, 49.8% at20mg/kg, p.o, q2d). GZD824may be considered to be an effective drug to treat patients with FGFR1 abnormalactivation or mutant resistance in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Tang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shingpan Chan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Cheng K, Liu CF, Rao GW. Anti-angiogenic Agents: A Review on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2540-2564. [PMID: 32407259 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200514082425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth inhibition can be achieved by inhibiting angiogenesis, which has been a field of great concern in recent years. Important targets to inhibit angiogenesis include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and its homologous tyrosine kinase receptor. Anti-angiogenic therapy based on inhibition of VEGFR-2 is an effective clinical treatment strategy. The research progress of VEGFR-2 inhibitors is reviewed in this paper from the aspects of drug development and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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