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Nesbitt C, Van Der Walt A, Butzkueven H, Devitt B, Jokubaitis VG. Multiple sclerosis and cancer: Navigating a dual diagnosis. Mult Scler 2024:13524585241274523. [PMID: 39347791 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241274523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare breakthroughs are extending the lives of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and cancer survivors, creating a growing cohort of individuals navigating a dual diagnosis. Determining the relationship between MS and cancer risk remains challenging, with inconclusive findings confounded by age, risk exposures, comorbidities, genetics and the ongoing introduction of new MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) across study periods.This research places significant emphasis on cancer survival, with less attention given to the impact on MS outcomes. Our review explores the existing literature on MS, cancer risk and the intersection of DMTs and cancer treatments. We aim to navigate the complexities of managing MS in cancer survivors to optimise outcomes for both conditions. Continuous research and the formulation of treatment guidelines are essential for guiding future care. Collaboration between neuro-immunology and oncology is crucial, with a need to establish databases for retrospective and ultimately prospective analysis of outcomes in these rapidly evolving fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Nesbitt
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, MSNI Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anneke Van Der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, MSNI Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, MSNI Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca Devitt
- Department of Oncology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Oncology Clinical Trials Unit, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vilija G Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, MSNI Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Merz N, Hartel JC, Grösch S. How ceramides affect the development of colon cancer: from normal colon to carcinoma. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x. [PMID: 38635059 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the colon and the development of colon cancer depend on the sphingolipid balance in colon epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ceramides and their complex derivatives influence normal colon development and colon cancer development. Ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelin are essential membrane components and, due to their biophysical properties, can influence the activation of membrane proteins, affecting protein-protein interactions and downstream signalling pathways. Here, we review the cellular mechanisms known to be affected by ceramides and their effects on colon development. We also describe which ceramides are deregulated during colorectal carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms involved in ceramide deregulation and how this affects carcinogenesis. Finally, we review new methods that are now state of the art for studying lipid-protein interactions in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Merz
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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3
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Qi Y, Li L, Wei Y, Ma F. PP2A as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116398. [PMID: 38458011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignancy worldwide; however, therapeutic efficacy is far from satisfactory. To alleviate the burden of this disease, it is imperative to discover novel mechanisms and treatment strategies. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) comprises a family of mammalian serine/threonine phosphatases that regulate many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathologies, and plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of tumours. The role of PP2A as a tumour suppressor has been extensively studied, and its regulation can serve as a target for anticancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that PP2A is a tumour promotor. PP2A-mediated anticancer therapy may involve two opposing mechanisms: activation and inhibition. In general, the contradictory roles of PP2A should not be overlooked, and more work is needed to determine the molecular mechanism by which PP2A affects in tumours. In this review, the literature on the role of PP2A in tumours, especially in breast cancer, was analysed. This review describes relevant targets of breast cancer, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage responses, epidermal growth factor receptor, immune modulation and cell death resistance, which may lead to effective therapeutic strategies or influence drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China.
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4
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Lukosevicius R, Alzbutas G, Varkalaite G, Salteniene V, Tilinde D, Juzenas S, Kulokiene U, Janciauskas D, Poskiene L, Adamonis K, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas J, Skieceviciene J. 5'-Isoforms of miR-1246 Have Distinct Targets and Stronger Functional Impact Compared with Canonical miR-1246 in Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2808. [PMID: 38474054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease involving genetic and epigenetic factors, such as miRNAs. Sequencing-based studies have revealed that miRNAs have many isoforms (isomiRs) with modifications at the 3'- and 5'-ends or in the middle, resulting in distinct targetomes and, consequently, functions. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the putative targets and functional role of miR-1246 and its two 5'-isoforms (ISO-miR-1246_a and ISO-miR-1246_G) in vitro. Commercial Caco-2 cells of CRC origin were analyzed for the expression of WT-miR-1246 and its 5'-isoforms using small RNA sequencing data, and the overabundance of the two miR-1246 isoforms was determined in cells. The transcriptome analysis of Caco-2 cells transfected with WT-miR-1246, ISO-miR-1246_G, and ISO-miR-1246_a indicated the minor overlap of the targetomes between the studied miRNA isoforms. Consequently, an enrichment analysis showed the involvement of the potential targets of the miR-1246 isoforms in distinct signaling pathways. Cancer-related pathways were predominantly more enriched in dysregulated genes in ISO-miR-1246_G and ISO-miR-1246_a, whereas cell cycle pathways were more enriched in WT-miR-1246. The functional analysis of WT-miR-1246 and its two 5'-isoforms revealed that the inhibition of any of these molecules had a tumor-suppressive role (reduced cell viability and migration and promotion of early cell apoptosis) in CRC cells. However, the 5'-isoforms had a stronger effect on viability compared with WT-miR-1246. To conclude, this research shows that WT-miR-1246 and its two 5'-isoforms have different targetomes and are involved in distinct signaling pathways but collectively play an important role in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Lukosevicius
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Alzbutas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Varkalaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Salteniene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Deimante Tilinde
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Centre, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ugne Kulokiene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Janciauskas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathology, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Adamonis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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5
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Espinoza KS, Snider AJ. Therapeutic Potential for Sphingolipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:789. [PMID: 38398179 PMCID: PMC10887199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract, increases the risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Sphingolipids, which have been implicated in IBD and CRC, are a class of bioactive lipids that regulate cell signaling, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and survival. The balance between ceramide (Cer), the central sphingolipid involved in apoptosis and differentiation, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent signaling molecule involved in proliferation and inflammation, is vital for the maintenance of normal cellular function. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in IBD and CRC, with many studies highlighting the importance of S1P in inflammatory signaling and pro-survival pathways. A myriad of sphingolipid analogues, inhibitors, and modulators have been developed to target the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. In this review, the efficacy and therapeutic potential for modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in IBD and CRC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila S. Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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6
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Johnson H, Narayan S, Sharma AK. Altering phosphorylation in cancer through PP2A modifiers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38184584 PMCID: PMC10770906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase integral to the regulation of many cellular processes. Due to the deregulation of PP2A in cancer, many of these processes are turned toward promoting tumor progression. Considerable research has been undertaken to discover molecules capable of modulating PP2A activity in cancer. Because PP2A is capable of immense substrate specificity across many cellular processes, the therapeutic targeting of PP2A in cancer can be completed through either enzyme inhibitors or activators. PP2A modulators likewise tend to be effective in drug-resistant cancers and work synergistically with other known cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the patterns of PP2A deregulation in cancer, and its known downstream signaling pathways important for cancer regulation, along with many activators and inhibitors of PP2A known to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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7
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Di Mambro A, Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Fioretti T, Randles M, Cozzuto L, Rajeeve V, Cevenini A, Austin MJ, Esposito G, Ponomarenko J, Lucas CM, Cutillas P, Gribben J, Williams O, Calle Y, Patel B, Esposito MT. SET-PP2A complex as a new therapeutic target in KMT2A (MLL) rearranged AML. Oncogene 2023; 42:3670-3683. [PMID: 37891368 PMCID: PMC10709139 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-R) is an aggressive and chemo-refractory acute leukemia which mostly affects children. Transcriptomics-based characterization and chemical interrogation identified kinases as key drivers of survival and drug resistance in KMT2A-R leukemia. In contrast, the contribution and regulation of phosphatases is unknown. In this study we uncover the essential role and underlying mechanisms of SET, the endogenous inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A, in KMT2A-R-leukemia. Investigation of SET expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples demonstrated that SET is overexpressed, and elevated expression of SET is correlated with poor prognosis and with the expression of MEIS and HOXA genes in AML patients. Silencing SET specifically abolished the clonogenic ability of KMT2A-R leukemic cells and the transcription of KMT2A targets genes HOXA9 and HOXA10. Subsequent mechanistic investigations showed that SET interacts with both KMT2A wild type and fusion proteins, and it is recruited to the HOXA10 promoter. Pharmacological inhibition of SET by FTY720 disrupted SET-PP2A interaction leading to cell cycle arrest and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in KMT2A-R-leukemic models. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that FTY720 reduced the activity of kinases regulated by PP2A, including ERK1, GSK3β, AURB and PLK1 and led to suppression of MYC, supporting the hypothesis of a feedback loop among PP2A, AURB, PLK1, MYC, and SET. Our findings illustrate that SET is a novel player in KMT2A-R leukemia and they provide evidence that SET antagonism could serve as a novel strategy to treat this aggressive leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiziana Fioretti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael Randles
- Chester Centre for Leukaemia Research, Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J Austin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire M Lucas
- Chester Centre for Leukaemia Research, Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Owen Williams
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London, UCL, London, UK
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Bela Patel
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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8
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Dow LF, Case AM, Paustian MP, Pinkerton BR, Simeon P, Trippier PC. The evolution of small molecule enzyme activators. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2206-2230. [PMID: 37974956 PMCID: PMC10650962 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a myriad of enzymes within the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by providing the means to convert substrates to products as and when required. Physiological enzymes are tightly controlled by many signaling pathways and their products subsequently control other pathways. Traditionally, most drug discovery efforts focus on identifying enzyme inhibitors, due to upregulation being prevalent in many diseases and the existence of endogenous substrates that can be modified to afford inhibitor compounds. As enzyme downregulation and reduction of endogenous activators are observed in multiple diseases, the identification of small molecules with the ability to activate enzymes has recently entered the medicinal chemistry toolbox to afford chemical probes and potential therapeutics as an alternative means to intervene in diseases. In this review we highlight the progress made in the identification and advancement of non-kinase enzyme activators and their potential in treating various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Dow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Alfie M Case
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Megan P Paustian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Braeden R Pinkerton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Princess Simeon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
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9
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Stanojevic A, Samiotaki M, Lygirou V, Marinkovic M, Nikolic V, Stojanovic-Rundic S, Jankovic R, Vlahou A, Panayotou G, Fijneman RJA, Castellví-Bel S, Zoidakis J, Cavic M. Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Analysis of FFPE Rectal Cancer Samples Offers In-Depth Proteomics Characterization of the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15412. [PMID: 37895091 PMCID: PMC10607861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) presents a challenge in identifying molecular markers linked to the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). This study aimed to utilize a sensitive proteomic method, data-independent mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), to extensively analyze the LARC proteome, seeking individuals with favorable initial responses suitable for a watch-and-wait approach. This research addresses the unmet need to understand the response to treatment, potentially guiding personalized strategies for LARC patients. Post-treatment assessment included MRI scans and proctoscopy. This research involved 97 LARC patients treated with intense chemoradiotherapy, comprising radiation and chemotherapy. Out of 97 LARC included in this study, we selected 20 samples with the most different responses to nCRT for proteome profiling (responders vs. non-responders). This proteomic approach shows extensive proteome coverage in LARC samples. The analysis identified a significant number of proteins compared to a prior study. A total of 915 proteins exhibited differential expression between the two groups, with certain signaling pathways associated with response mechanisms, while top candidates had good predictive potential. Proteins encoded by genes SMPDL3A, PCTP, LGMN, SYNJ2, NHLRC3, GLB1, and RAB43 showed high predictive potential of unfavorable treatment outcome, while RPA2, SARNP, PCBP2, SF3B2, HNRNPF, RBBP4, MAGOHB, DUT, ERG28, and BUB3 were good predictive biomarkers of favorable treatment outcome. The identified proteins and related biological processes provide promising insights that could enhance the management and care of LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stanojevic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Fleming 34, 166 72 Vari, Greece; (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (V.L.); (A.V.); (J.Z.)
| | - Mladen Marinkovic
- Clinic for Radiation Oncology and Diagnostics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Nikolic
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Suzana Stojanovic-Rundic
- Clinic for Radiation Oncology and Diagnostics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (S.S.-R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Jankovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (V.L.); (A.V.); (J.Z.)
| | - George Panayotou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Fleming 34, 166 72 Vari, Greece; (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Remond J. A. Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), C/del Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, C/del Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (V.L.); (A.V.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimíou 30, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (R.J.)
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10
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Bownes LV, Julson JR, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Erwin MH, Markert HR, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Ohlmeyer M, Beierle EA. The Effects of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation with Novel Tricyclic Sulfonamides on Hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1145-1154. [PMID: 36907775 PMCID: PMC10198925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is downregulated in hepatoblastoma. We aimed to examine the effects of two novel compounds of the tricyclic sulfonamide class, ATUX-3364 (3364) and ATUX-8385 (8385), designed to activate PP2A without causing immunosuppression, on human hepatoblastoma. METHODS An established human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6, and a human hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenograft, COA67, were treated with increasing doses of 3364 or 8385, and viability, proliferation, cell cycle and motility were investigated. Cancer cell stemness was evaluated by real-time PCR and tumorsphere forming ability. Effects on tumor growth were examined using a murine model. RESULTS Treatment with 3364 or 8385 significantly decreased viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression and motility in HuH6 and COA67 cells. Both compounds significantly decreased stemness as demonstrated by decreased abundance of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 mRNA. The ability of COA67 to form tumorspheres, another sign of cancer cell stemness, was significantly diminished by 3364 and 8385. Treatment with 3364 resulted in decreased tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Novel PP2A activators, 3364 and 8385, decreased hepatoblastoma proliferation, viability, and cancer cell stemness in vitro. Animals treated with 3364 had decreased tumor growth. These data provide evidence for further investigation of PP2A activating compounds as hepatoblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael H Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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11
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Fujiki H, Sueoka E, Watanabe T, Komori A, Suganuma M. Cancer progression by the okadaic acid class of tumor promoters and endogenous protein inhibitors of PP2A, SET and CIP2A. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04800-4. [PMID: 37097392 PMCID: PMC10374699 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Okadaic acid class of tumor promoters are transformed into endogenous protein inhibitors of PP2A, SET, and CIP2A in human cancers. This indicates that inhibition of PP2A activity is a common mechanism of cancer progression in humans. It is important to study the roles of SET and CIP2A vis-à-vis their clinical significance on the basis of new information gathered from a search of PubMed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The first part of this review introduces the carcinogenic roles of TNF-α and IL-1, which are induced by the okadaic acid class of compounds. The second part describes unique features of SET and CIP2A in cancer progression for several types of human cancer: (1) SET-expressing circulating tumor cells (SET-CTCs) in breast cancer, (2) knockdown of CIP2A and increased PP2A activity in chronic myeloid leukemia, (3) CIP2A and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity in erlotinib sensitive- and resistant-non-small cell lung cancer, (4) SET antagonist EMQA plus radiation therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma, (5) PP2A inactivation as a common event in colorectal cancer, (6) prostate cancer susceptibility variants, homeobox transcription factor (HOXB13 T) and CIP2A T, and (7) SET inhibitor OP449 for pre-clinical investigation of pancreatic cancer. In the Discussion, the binding complex of SET is briefly introduced, and overexpression of SET and CIP2A proteins is discussed in relation to age-associated chronic inflammation (inflammaging). CONCLUSION This review establishes the concept that inhibition of PP2A activity is a common mechanism of human cancer progression and activation of PP2A activity leads to effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Fujiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Watanabe
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Komori
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center and Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Nagasaki, 856-8562, Japan
| | - Masami Suganuma
- Department of Strategic Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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12
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Deregulation of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E Signaling Axis Shows High Functional Impact in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097779. [PMID: 37175484 PMCID: PMC10178228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-19b is deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), predicting worse outcome and disease progression in CRC patients, and acting as a promising prognostic marker of patient recurrence and pathological response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC. Moreover, there is a strong inverse correlation between miR-19b and PPP2R5E in LARC, and both predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy in LARC patients. However, the functional role of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E axis in CRC cells remains to be experimentally evaluated. Here, we confirm with luciferase assays that miR-19b is a direct negative regulator of PPP2R5E in CRC, which is concordant with the observed decreased PP2A activity levels after miR-19b overexpression. Furthermore, PPP2R5E downregulation plays a key role mediating miR-19b-induced oncogenic effects, increasing cell viability, colonosphere formation ability, and the migration of CRC cells. Lastly, we also confirm the role of miR-19b mediating 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells through negative PPP2R5E regulation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional relevance of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E signaling pathway in disease progression, and its potential therapeutic value determining the 5-FU response of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Di Mambro A, Esposito M. Thirty years of SET/TAF1β/I2PP2A: from the identification of the biological functions to its implications in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20221280. [PMID: 36345878 PMCID: PMC9679398 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding for the protein SE translocation (SET) was identified for the first time 30 years ago as part of a chromosomal translocation in a patient affected by leukemia. Since then, accumulating evidence have linked overexpression of SET, aberrant SET splicing, and cellular localization to cancer progression and development of neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. Molecular biology tools, such as targeted genetic deletion, and pharmacological approaches based on SET antagonist peptides, have contributed to unveil the molecular functions of SET and its implications in human pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the functions of SET as inhibitor of histone and non-histone protein acetylation and as a potent endogenous inhibitor of serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A. We discuss the role of SET in multiple cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cell cycle, apoptosis cell migration and differentiation. We review the molecular mechanisms linking SET dysregulation to tumorigenesis and discuss how SET commits neurons to progressive cell death in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the rationale of exploiting SET as a therapeutic target for cancer and neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Mambro
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- The Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Science, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
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14
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Cristóbal I, Lamarca A. Role of the PP2A Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5422. [PMID: 36358840 PMCID: PMC9657793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma represents a heterogeneous disease at both a clinical and molecular level [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Kashani E, Vassella E. Pleiotropy of PP2A Phosphatases in Cancer with a Focus on Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5227. [PMID: 36358647 PMCID: PMC9654311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric (or occasionally, heterodimeric) phosphatase with pleiotropic functions and ubiquitous expression. Despite the fact that they all contribute to protein dephosphorylation, multiple PP2A complexes exist which differ considerably by their subcellular localization and their substrate specificity, suggesting diverse PP2A functions. PP2A complex formation is tightly regulated by means of gene expression regulation by transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, a constant competition between PP2A regulatory subunits is taking place dynamically and depending on the spatiotemporal circumstance; many of the integral subunits can outcompete the rest, subjecting them to proteolysis. PP2A modulation is especially important in the context of brain tumors due to its ability to modulate distinct glioma-promoting signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Ras, NF-κb, etc. Furthermore, PP2A is also implicated in DNA repair and survival pathways that are activated upon treatment of glioma cells with chemo-radiation. Depending on the cancer cell type, preclinical studies have shown some promise in utilising PP2A activator or PP2A inhibitors to overcome therapy resistance. This review has a special focus on "glioblastoma, IDH wild-type" (GBM) tumors, for which the therapy options have limited efficacy, and tumor relapse is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kashani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-19b Plays a Key Role in 5-Fluorouracil Resistance and Predicts Tumor Progression in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012447. [PMID: 36293302 PMCID: PMC9604503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients includes neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by mesorectal excision. MicroRNA (miR)-19b expression levels in LARC biopsies obtained from initial colonoscopy have recently been identified as independent predictors of both patient outcome and pathological response to preoperative CRT in this disease. Moreover, it has been discovered that this miR increases its expression in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells after 5-FU exposure. Despite the fact that these observations suggest a functional role of miR-19b modulating 5-FU response of LARC cells, this issue still remains to be clarified. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-19b enhances the antitumor effects of 5-FU treatment. Moreover, ectopic miR-19b modulation was able to restore sensitivity to 5-FU treatment using an acquired resistant model to this compound. Notably, we also evaluated the potential clinical impact of miR-19b as a predictive marker of disease progression after tumor surgery resection in LARC patients, observing that miR-19b overexpression significantly anticipates patient recurrence in our cohort (p = 0.002). Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-19b in the progressively decreasing sensitivity to 5-FU treatment and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target to overcome 5-FU resistance, as well as its clinical impact as predictor of tumor progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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17
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Narayan S, Raza A, Mahmud I, Koo N, Garrett TJ, Law ME, Law BK, Sharma AK. Sensitization of FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells via the modulation of a novel pathway involving protein phosphatase 2A. iScience 2022; 25:104518. [PMID: 35754740 PMCID: PMC9218363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with FOLFOX shows some efficacy, but these tumors quickly develop resistance to this treatment. We have observed increased phosphorylation of AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1 and levels of p21 in FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells. We have identified a small molecule, NSC49L, that stimulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, downregulates the AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1-axis, and inhibits p21 translation. We have provided evidence that NSC49L- and TRAIL-mediated sensitization is synergistically induced in p21-knockdown CRC cells, which is reversed in p21-overexpressing cells. p21 binds with procaspase 3 and prevents the activation of caspase 3. We have shown that TRAIL induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 by NSC49L-mediated downregulation of p21 translation, and thereby cleavage of procaspase 3 into caspase 3. NSC49L does not affect global protein synthesis. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of NSC49L as a PP2A agonist, and how its combination with TRAIL sensitizes FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nayeong Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mary E. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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18
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Do HA, Baek KH. Protein phosphatase 2A regulated by USP7 is polyubiquitinated and polyneddylated. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:124. [PMID: 35593311 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‑specific protease 7 (USP7) participates in the ubiquitin‑proteasome system (UPS), and is considered an essential regulator of substrate stability in cancers. In a previous study, the substrates that bind to USP7 were separated through two‑dimensional electrophoresis (2‑DE), which resulted in the identification of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through matrix‑assisted laser desorption‑ionization time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF/MS) analysis. In the present study, GST pull‑down assay was performed to determine whether USP7 and PP2A directly bind to each other. Immunocytochemistry assay confirmed that USP7 co‑localizes with PP2A in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HeLa cells. Moreover, western blotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to determine whether polyubiquitination and polyneddylation of PP2A were formed. The results of the present study demonstrated that USP7 was a deubiquitinating enzyme of PP2A, and regulated the ubiquitination and stability of PP2A through the K48‑linked polyubiquitin chains. Consequently, the knockdown of USP7 reduced the expression of PP2A. The data of the present study revealed the cellular association between USP7 and PP2A, a new substrate of USP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ah Do
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 13488, Republic of Korea
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19
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Luque M, Cristóbal I, Sanz-Álvarez M, Santos A, Zazo S, Eroles P, Arpí O, Rovira A, Albanell J, Madoz-Gúrpide J, García-Foncillas J, Rojo F. CIP2A as a Key Regulator for AKT Phosphorylation Has Partial Impact Determining Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061610. [PMID: 35329936 PMCID: PMC8955826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with its reported ability to modulate AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) status in several tumor types, the oncoprotein CIP2A has been described to induce breast cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the CIP2A/AKT interplay in breast cancer remains to be fully clarified. Here, we found high p-AKT levels in 80 out of 220 cases (36.4%), which were associated with negative estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.049) and CIP2A overexpression (p < 0.001). Interestingly, p-AKT determined substantially shorter overall (p = 0.002) and progression-free survival (p = 0.003), and multivariate analyses showed its CIP2A-independent prognostic value. Moreover, its clinical relevance was further confirmed in the triple negative and HER2-positive subgroups after stratifying our series by molecular subtype. Functionally, we confirmed in vitro the role of CIP2A as a regulator of p-AKT levels in breast cancer cell lines, and the importance of the CIP2A/AKT axis was also validated in vivo. Finally, p-AKT also showed a higher predictive value of response to doxorubicin than CIP2A in ex vivo analyses. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CIP2A overexpression is a key contributing event to AKT phosphorylation and highlights the CIP2A/AKT axis as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, our observations highlight the existence of alternative mechanisms that regulate AKT signaling in a subgroup of breast tumors without altered CIP2A expression that determines its independent value as a marker of poor outcome in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oriol Arpí
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Ana Rovira
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
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20
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Pournajaf S, Dargahi L, Javan M, Pourgholami MH. Molecular Pharmacology and Novel Potential Therapeutic Applications of Fingolimod. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807639. [PMID: 35250559 PMCID: PMC8889014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is a well-tolerated, highly effective disease-modifying therapy successfully utilized in the management of multiple sclerosis. The active metabolite, fingolimod-phosphate, acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to bring about an array of pharmacological effects. While being initially recognized as a novel agent that can profoundly reduce T-cell numbers in circulation and the CNS, thereby suppressing inflammation and MS, there is now rapidly increasing knowledge on its previously unrecognized molecular and potential therapeutic effects in diverse pathological conditions. In addition to exerting inhibitory effects on sphingolipid pathway enzymes, fingolimod also inhibits histone deacetylases, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRMP7), cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), reduces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plasma levels, and activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, fingolimod induces apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, epigenetic regulations, macrophages M1/M2 shift and enhances BDNF expression. According to recent evidence, fingolimod modulates a range of other molecular pathways deeply rooted in disease initiation or progression. Experimental reports have firmly associated the drug with potentially beneficial therapeutic effects in immunomodulatory diseases, CNS injuries, and diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and even cancer. Attractive pharmacological effects, relative safety, favorable pharmacokinetics, and positive experimental data have collectively led to its testing in clinical trials. Based on the recent reports, fingolimod may soon find its way as an adjunct therapy in various disparate pathological conditions. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge about molecular pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Tinsley SL, Allen-Petersen BL. PP2A and cancer epigenetics: a therapeutic opportunity waiting to happen. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac002. [PMID: 35118387 PMCID: PMC8807117 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic state of chromatin is altered by regulators which influence gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. While several post-translational modifications contribute to chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programs, our understanding of the role that specific phosphorylation sites play is limited. In cancer, kinases and phosphatases are commonly deregulated resulting in increased oncogenic signaling and loss of epigenetic regulation. Aberrant epigenetic states are known to promote cellular plasticity and the development of therapeutic resistance in many cancer types, highlighting the importance of these mechanisms to cancer cell phenotypes. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric holoenzyme that targets a diverse array of cellular proteins. The composition of the PP2A complex influences its cellular targets and activity. For this reason, PP2A can be tumor suppressive or oncogenic depending on cellular context. Understanding the nuances of PP2A regulation and its effect on epigenetic alterations can lead to new therapeutic avenues that afford more specificity and contribute to the growth of personalized medicine in the oncology field. In this review, we summarize the known PP2A-regulated substrates and potential phosphorylation sites that contribute to cancer cell epigenetics and possible strategies to therapeutically leverage this phosphatase to suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Tinsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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22
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Yin S, Chen Y, Tong H, Li T, Qin Z, Zhu J, He W. PP2A promotes apoptosis and facilitates docetaxel sensitivity via the PP2A/p‑eIF4B/XIAP signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:101. [PMID: 35154432 PMCID: PMC8822497 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a protein that has a wide range of biological functions. As prostate cancer progresses from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the expression level of PP2A has been found to decrease. The present study aimed to determine the roles that PP2A may play in prostate cancer and its association with the downstream factor, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). First, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PP2A in LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines were measured. Next, the population of PP2A heterodimers was increased using a PP2A agonist, DT061, in the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. PP2A expression was then knocked down in the LNCaP cell line. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the association between PP2A, phosphorylated (p)-eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) and XIAP. The results revealed that following the increase in PP2A expression, the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines were more sensitive to docetaxel according to Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and had an increased apoptotic rate as assessed by flow cytometry. Conversely, following the transfection of small interfering (si)PP2A into the LNCaP cell line, the sensitivity to docetaxel decreased, as well as the apoptotic rate. In addition, following treatment with the PP2A agonist, DT061, PP2A expression was found to be significantly upregulated, while p-eIF4B and XIAP protein expression levels were significantly downregulated. By contrast, following the transfection of siPP2A into the LNCaP cell line, PP2A protein expression levels were found to be downregulated, while p-eIF4B and XIAP expression levels were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, by affecting the downstream factor XIAP, PP2A may play a key role in promoting apoptosis and facilitating docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tinghao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zijia Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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23
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Determining the Anticancer Activity of Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors Containing Heteroatoms in Their Tail Structure. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010157. [PMID: 35057052 PMCID: PMC8779255 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SK) enzyme, a central player of sphingolipid rheostat, catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to the bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), which regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis through its extracellular five G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1–5). Recently, several research studies on SK inhibitors have taken place in order use them for the development of novel anticancer-targeted therapy. In this study, we designed and synthesized analog derivatives of known SK1 inhibitors, namely RB005 and PF-543, by introducing heteroatoms at their tail structure, as well as investigated their anticancer activities and pharmacokinetic parameters in vitro. Compounds 1–20 of RB005 and PF-543 derivatives containing an aliphatic chain or a tail structure of benzenesulfonyl were synthesized. All compounds of set 1 (1–10) effectively reduced cell viability in both HT29 and HCT116 cells, whereas set 2 derivatives (11–20) showed poor anticancer effect. Compound 10, having the highest cytotoxic effect (48 h, HT29 IC50 = 6.223 µM, HCT116 IC50 = 8.694 µM), induced HT29 and HCT116 cell death in a concentration-dependent manner through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which was demonstrated by increased annexin V-FITC level, and increased apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Compound 10 inhibited SK1 by 20%, and, thus, the S1P level decreased by 42%. Unlike the apoptosis efficacy, the SK1 inhibitory effect and selectivity of the PF-543 derivative were superior to that of the RB005 analog. As a result, compounds with an aliphatic chain tail exhibited stronger apoptotic effects. However, this ability was not proportional to the degree of SK inhibition. Compound 10 increased the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity (1.73 fold) similar to FTY720 (1.65 fold) and RB005 (1.59 fold), whereas compounds 11 and 13 had no effect on PP2A activation. Since the PP2A activity increased in compounds with an aliphatic chain tail, it can be suggested that PP2A activation has an important effect on anticancer and SK inhibitory activities.
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24
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Chung WP, Huang WL, Liao WA, Hung CH, Chiang CW, Cheung CHA, Su WC. FTY720 in resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:241. [PMID: 34997132 PMCID: PMC8742024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer has considerably improved. However, no reliable treatment besides anti-HER2 strategies has been available. FTY720, a small-molecule compound used for treating refractory multiple sclerosis, has been reported to have beneficial effects against cancers. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of FTY720 in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells and investigated the possible mechanism involved. This study evaluated morphological changes after FTY720 treatment. Antiproliferative WST-1 assays and LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kits were used to determine the treatment effects of drugs, whereas Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expression. Apoptotic events were investigated through annexin V staining and TUNEL assays using flow cytometry. FTY720 was effective in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell lines despite the presence of PIK3CA mutation. Studied on a xenograft mouse model, FTY720-treated groups had statistically significantly poorer HCC1954 xenograft growth in vivo compared with the control group. Our findings suggest that FTY720 can overcome resistance to trastuzumab therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, with FTY720 plus trastuzumab might offer even better efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Pang Chung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Liao
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hung
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Center for Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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25
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Sergienko NM, Donner DG, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Weeks KL. Protein phosphatase 2A in the healthy and failing heart: New insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110213. [PMID: 34902541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of phosphoprotein homeostasis in settings of health and disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) encompasses a large subfamily of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine residues within phosphoproteins. The heterogeneity in PP2A structure, which arises from the grouping of different catalytic, scaffolding and regulatory subunit isoforms, creates distinct populations of catalytically active enzymes (i.e. holoenzymes) that localise to different parts of the cell. This structural complexity, combined with other regulatory mechanisms, such as interaction of PP2A heterotrimers with accessory proteins and post-translational modification of the catalytic and/or regulatory subunits, enables PP2A holoenzymes to target phosphoprotein substrates in a highly specific manner. In this review, we summarise the roles of PP2A in cardiac physiology and disease. PP2A modulates numerous processes that are vital for heart function including calcium handling, contractility, β-adrenergic signalling, metabolism and transcription. Dysregulation of PP2A has been observed in human cardiac disease settings, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Efforts are underway, particularly in the cancer field, to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) and other compounds that selectively target specific PP2A holoenzymes (e.g. PP2A/B56α and PP2A/B56ε) will improve understanding of the function of different PP2A species in the heart, and may lead to the development of therapeutics for normalising aberrant protein phosphorylation in settings of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Sergienko
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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26
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Companioni O, Mir C, Garcia-Mayea Y, LLeonart ME. Targeting Sphingolipids for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745092. [PMID: 34737957 PMCID: PMC8560795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. Sphingolipids are modified in multiple cancers and are responsible for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. Several inhibitors or activators of sphingolipid signaling, such as fenretinide, safingol, ABC294640, ceramide nanoliposomes (CNLs), SKI-II, α-galactosylceramide, fingolimod, and sonepcizumab, have been described. The objective of this review was to analyze the results from preclinical and clinical trials of these drugs for the treatment of cancer. Sphingolipid-targeting drugs have been tested alone or in combination with chemotherapy, exhibiting antitumor activity alone and in synergism with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. Aslthough all these drugs have produced good results in preclinical studies of multiple cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials have not been similar. The most effective drugs are fenretinide and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In contrast, minor adverse effects restricted to a few subjects and hepatic toxicity have been observed in clinical trials of ABC294640 and safingol, respectively. In the case of CNLs, SKI-II, fingolimod and sonepcizumab there are some limitations and absence of enough clinical studies to demonstrate a benefit. The effectiveness or lack of a major therapeutic effect of sphingolipid modulation by some drugs as a cancer therapy and other aspects related to their mechanism of action are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Companioni
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Differential Expression of the Sphingolipid Pathway Is Associated with Sensitivity to the PP2A Activator FTY720 in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214999. [PMID: 34768523 PMCID: PMC8584763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular serine/threonine phosphatase. Deregulation of PP2A is a common event associated with adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. We have previously shown that breast cancer cell lines are sensitive to the PP2A activator FTY720, and that sensitivity is predicted by high Aurora kinase A (AURKA) mRNA expression. In this study, we hypothesized that high relative AURKA expression could predict sensitivity to FTY720-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The CRC cell lines NCI H716, COLO320DM, DLD-1, SW480, and HT-29 show a high relative AURKA expression as compared to LS411N, T84, HCT116, SW48, and LOVO. Following viability assays, LS411N, T84, HCT116, and SW480 were shown to be sensitive to FTY720, whereas DLD-1 and HT-29 were non-sensitive. Hence, AURKA mRNA expression does not predict sensitivity to FTY720 in CRC cell lines. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparing the sensitive CRC cell lines (LS411N and HCT116) against the non-sensitive (HT-29 and DLD-1). We found that 253 genes were significantly altered in expression, and upregulation of CERS4, PPP2R2C, GNAZ, PRKCG, BCL2, MAPK12, and MAPK11 suggests the involvement of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, known to be activated by phosphorylated-FTY720. In conclusion, although AURKA expression did not predict sensitivity to FTY720, it is evident that specific CRC cell lines are sensitive to 5 µM FTY720, potentially because of the differential expression of genes involved in the sphingolipid pathway.
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28
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Shrestha J, Shamshiddinova M, Lee YM, Oh YS, Baek DJ, Park EY. SK1 inhibitor RB005 Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells through SK1 Inhibition Dependent and Independent Pathway. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:570-581. [PMID: 34382511 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with a high incidence rate in economically fast-growing countries. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis converted by the isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SK1 and SK2). SK1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, its inhibitors suppress the formation of S1P and increase ceramide levels having a pro-apoptotic function. RB005 is a selective SK1 inhibitor and a structural analog of PP2A activator FTY720. The purpose of this study is to test whether RB005, an SK1 inhibitor, can be used as an anticancer agent by inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells. <P> Methods: We performed MTT and colony-forming assay using colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 cells to examine the cell toxicity effect of RB005. To determine whether apoptosis of RB005 in colon cancer cell line is due to SK1 inhibition or other mechanisms due to its structural similarity with FTY720, we conducted LC/MS, siRNA knockdown, and PP2A activity experiments. <P> Results: RB005 notably inhibited CRC cell growth and proliferation compared to PF543 and ABC294640 by inducing the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Apoptotic cell death is caused by increased mitochondrial permeability necessitated by the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, increased ceramides, and activation of PP2A. Also, RB005 treatment in HT29 cells did not change the expression level of SK1, but strikingly decreased SK1 activity and S1P levels. All these events of cell death and apoptosis were less effective when SK1 was knocked down by siRNA. <P> Conclusion: This result indicates that RB005 shows the in-vitro anti-CRC effect by inhibiting SK1 activity and PP2A activation, increasing proapoptotic ceramide levels following the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju. Korea
| | - Yoon-Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam. Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam. Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam. Korea
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29
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Deregulation of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor SET is associated with malignant progression in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14238. [PMID: 34244560 PMCID: PMC8270961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanism underlying metastasis, identification of a mechanism-based and common biomarker for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in heterogenous breast cancer is needed. SET, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, was overexpressed in all subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma tissues. Treatment with SET-targeted siRNAs reduced the motility of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in transwell assay. SET knockdown reduced the number of mammospheres by 60–70% in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which was associated with the downregulation of OCT4 and SLUG. Hence, we analysed the presence of SET-expressing CTCs (SET-CTCs) in 24 breast cancer patients. CTCs were enriched using a size-based method and then immunocytochemically analysed using an anti-SET antibody. SET-CTCs were detected in 6/6 (100%) patients with recurrent breast cancer with a median value of 12 (12 cells/3 mL blood), and in 13/18 (72.2%) patients with stage I–III breast cancer with a median value of 2.5, while the median value of healthy controls was 0. Importantly, high numbers of SET-CTCs were correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I–III disease. Our results indicate that SET contributes to breast cancer progression and can act as a potential biomarker of CTCs for the detection of metastasis.
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30
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Sandal P, Jong CJ, Merrill RA, Song J, Strack S. Protein phosphatase 2A - structure, function and role in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:270819. [PMID: 34228795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID), autism and schizophrenia, have high socioeconomic impact, yet poorly understood etiologies. A recent surge of large-scale genome or exome sequencing studies has identified a multitude of mostly de novo mutations in subunits of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme that are strongly associated with NDDs. PP2A is responsible for at least 50% of total Ser/Thr dephosphorylation in most cell types and is predominantly found as trimeric holoenzymes composed of catalytic (C), scaffolding (A) and variable regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A can exist in nearly 100 different subunit combinations in mammalian cells, dictating distinct localizations, substrates and regulatory mechanisms. PP2A is well established as a regulator of cell division, growth, and differentiation, and the roles of PP2A in cancer and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, have been reviewed in detail. This Review summarizes and discusses recent reports on NDDs associated with mutations of PP2A subunits and PP2A-associated proteins. We also discuss the potential impact of these mutations on the structure and function of the PP2A holoenzymes and the etiology of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Chian Ju Jong
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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31
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Pan Y, Zhan L, Chen L, Chen L, Sun C. miR-660 promotes liver cancer cell proliferation by targeting PPP2R2A. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:683. [PMID: 33986848 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the leading cause for tumor-related death worldwide, and microRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to regulate the progression of LC. In the current study, the function of miR-660 in LC cells was investigated, and the results indicated that miR-660 was highly expressed in LC tissues and cells. This increased expression promoted LC cell proliferation and increased the percentage of S phase cells, while miR-660 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and increased the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells. A Ser/Thr phosphatase protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit βα (PPP2R2A) was indicated as the target of miR-660, and miR-660 could inhibit PPP2R2A levels. The luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-660 directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of PPP2R2A. Additionally, it was revealed that miR-660 inhibited p21 expression and promoted cyclin D1 expression, confirming that miR-660 regulated LC cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle progression. The double knockdown of miR-660 and PPP2R2A promoted LC cell proliferation, suggesting that miR-660 promoted LC proliferation by targeting PPP2R2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhen Pan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R China.,Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
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32
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Frohner IE, Mudrak I, Schüchner S, Anrather D, Hartl M, Sontag JM, Sontag E, Wadzinski BE, Preglej T, Ellmeier W, Ogris E. PP2A C Phospho-Tyr 307 Antibodies Are Not Specific for this Modification but Are Sensitive to Other PP2A C Modifications Including Leu 309 Methylation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3171-3182.e6. [PMID: 32130916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an important regulator of signal transduction pathways and a tumor suppressor. Phosphorylation of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) at tyrosine 307 has been claimed to inactivate PP2A and was examined in more than 180 studies using commercial antibodies, but this modification was never identified using mass spectrometry. Here we show that the most cited pTyr307 monoclonal antibodies, E155 and F-8, are not specific for phosphorylated Tyr307 but instead are hampered by PP2AC methylation at leucine 309 or phosphorylation at threonine 304. Other pTyr307 antibodies are sensitive to PP2AC methylation as well, and some cross-react with pTyr residues in general, including phosphorylated hemagglutinin tags. We identify pTyr307 using targeted mass spectrometry after transient overexpression of PP2AC and Src kinase. Yet under such conditions, none of the tested antibodies show exclusive pTyr307 specificity. Thus, data generated using these antibodies need to be revisited, and the mechanism of PP2A inactivation needs to be redefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Frohner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Mudrak
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schüchner
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothea Anrather
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brian E Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa Preglej
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Rubio J, Cristóbal I, Santos A, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Alvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Low MicroRNA-19b Expression Shows a Promising Clinical Impact in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061456. [PMID: 33810186 PMCID: PMC8005118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The establishment of molecular markers to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) would help to avoid unnecessary toxicities and surgery delays in the clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. Our aim here was to in-vestigate the clinical impact of miR-19b in this disease. Interestingly, our findings highlight the potential usefulness of miR-19b as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant CRT and outcome, and suggest PPP2R5E as a relevant miR-19b target in LARC. Abstract The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgical mesorectal excision. However, the lack of response to this preoperative treatment strongly compromises patient outcomes and leads to surgical delays and undesired toxicities in those non-responder cases. Thus, the identification of effective and robust biomarkers to predict response to preoperative CRT represents an urgent need in the current clinical management of LARC. The oncomiR microRNA-19b (miR-19b) has been reported to functionally play oncogenic roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as well as regulate 5-FU sensitivity and determine outcome in CRC patients. However, its clinical impact in LARC has not been previously investigated. Here, we show that miR-19b deregulation is a common event in this disease, and its decreased expression significantly associates with lower tumor size after CRT (p = 0.003), early pathological stage (p = 0.003), and absence of recurrence (p = 0.001) in LARC patients. Interestingly, low miR-19b expression shows a predictive value of better response to neoajuvant CRT (p < 0.001), and the subgroup of LARC patients with low miR-19b levels have a markedly longer overall (p = 0.003) and event-free survival (p = 0.023). Finally, multivariate analyses determined that miR-19b independently predicts both patient outcome and response to preoperative CRT, highlighting its potential clinical usefulness in the management of LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G-F.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G-F.)
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Hsiao PC, Chang JH, Lee WJ, Ku CC, Tsai MY, Yang SF, Chien MH. The Curcumin Analogue, EF-24, Triggers p38 MAPK-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death via Inducing PP2A-Modulated ERK Deactivation in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082163. [PMID: 32759757 PMCID: PMC7464750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has a range of therapeutic benefits against cancers, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical use. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and diphenyl difluoroketone (EF-24) are natural and synthetic curcumin analogues, respectively, with better solubilities and higher anti-carcinogenic activities in various solid tumors than CUR. However, the efficacy of these analogues against non-solid tumors, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), has not been fully investigated. Herein, we observed that both DMC and EF-24 significantly decrease the proportion of viable AML cells including HL-60, U937, and MV4-11, harboring different NRAS and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) statuses, and that EF-24 has a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) than DMC. We found that EF-24 treatment induces several features of apoptosis, including an increase in the sub-G1 population, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and significant activation of extrinsic proapoptotic signaling such as caspase-8 and -3 activation. Mechanistically, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is critical for EF-24-triggered apoptosis via activating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to attenuate extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activities in HL-60 AML cells. In the clinic, patients with AML expressing high level of PP2A have the most favorable prognoses compared to various solid tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that EF-24 is a potential therapeutic agent for treating AML, especially for cancer types that lose the function of the PP2A tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3237) (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (S.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2472-3229 (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3237) (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (S.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2472-3229 (S.-F.Y.)
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Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Santos A, Torrejón B, Caramés C, Imedio L, Mariblanca S, Luque M, Sanz-Alvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-199b Downregulation Confers Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil Treatment and Predicts Poor Outcome and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061655. [PMID: 32580513 PMCID: PMC7352382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy followed by mesorectal excision is the current standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and the lack of complete response represents a major problem that compromises long-term patient survival. However, there is a lack of robust established markers predictive of response to this preoperative treatment available in the clinical routine. The tumor suppressor microRNA (miR)-199b directly targets the PP2A inhibitor SET, which has been involved in 5-FU resistance, and its downregulation has been found to correlate with poor outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, we studied the functional effects of miR-199b on 5-FU sensitivity after its ectopic modulation, and its expression was quantified by real-time-PCR in a cohort of 110 LARC patients to evaluate its potential clinical significance. Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that miR-199b enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU in a SET-dependent manner, and that both miR-199b overexpression and SET inhibition are able to overcome resistance to this drug using an acquired 5-FU-resistant model. MiR-199b was found downregulated in 26.4% of cases and was associated with positive lymph node levels after chemoradiotherapy (CRT, p = 0.007) and high pathological stage (p = 0.029). Moreover, miR-199b downregulation determined shorter overall (p = 0.003) and event-free survival (p = 0.005), and was an independent predictor of poor response to preoperative CRT (p = 0.004). In conclusion, our findings highlight the clinical impact of miR-199b downregulation predicting poor outcome and pathological response in LARC, and suggest the miR-199b/SET signaling axis as a novel molecular target to prevent the development of resistance to 5-FU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Torrejón
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Imedio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Mariblanca
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (C.C.); (L.I.); (S.M.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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Saieva L, Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Prado MG, Tripodi M, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Hypoxia-Induced miR-675-5p Supports β-Catenin Nuclear Localization by Regulating GSK3-β Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113832. [PMID: 32481626 PMCID: PMC7312749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of oxygen partial pressure in growing tumors triggers numerous survival strategies driven by the transcription factor complex HIF1 (Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1). Recent evidence revealed that HIF1 promotes rapid and effective phenotypic changes through the induction of non-coding RNAs, whose contribution has not yet been fully described. Here we investigated the role of the hypoxia-induced, long non-coding RNA H19 (lncH19) and its intragenic miRNA (miR-675-5p) into HIF1-Wnt crosstalk. During hypoxic stimulation, colorectal cancer cell lines up-regulated the levels of both the lncH19 and its intragenic miR-675-5p. Loss of expression experiments revealed that miR-675-5p inhibition, in hypoxic cells, hampered β-catenin nuclear localization and its transcriptional activity, while lncH19 silencing did not induce the same effects. Interestingly, our data revealed that miRNA inhibition in hypoxic cells restored the activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) reducing the amount of P-Ser9 kinase, thus unveiling a role of the miR-675-5p in controlling GSK-3β activity. Bioinformatics analyses highlighted the serine/threonine-protein phosphatases PPP2CA, responsible for GSK-3β activation, among the miR-675-5p targets, thus indicating the molecular mediator through which miR-675-5p may control β-catenin nuclear localization. In conclusion, here we demonstrated that the inhibition of the hypoxia-induced non-coding RNA miR-675-5p hampered the nuclear localization of β-catenin by regulating GSK-3β activity, thus proposing the miR-675-5p as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saieva
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Prado
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome Italy; (M.G.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome Italy; (M.G.P.); (M.T.)
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Grbčić P, Sedić M. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling and Metabolism in Chemoprevention and Chemoresistance in Colon Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E2436. [PMID: 32456134 PMCID: PMC7287727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in prevention and treatment modalities for CRC, rapidly developing resistance to chemotherapy limits its effectiveness. For that reason, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that undergird the process of chemoresistance to enable design of novel anticancer agents specifically targeting malignant properties of cancer cells. Over recent decades, bioactive sphingolipid species have come under the spotlight for their recognized role in cancer development and progression, and the evidence has surfaced to support their role as regulators of anti-cancer drug resistance. Colon cancer is characterized by a shift in sphingolipid balance that favors the production and accumulation of oncogenic species such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is known to govern the processes that facilitate cancer cell growth and progression including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and inflammation. In this review paper, we will give a comprehensive overview of current literature findings on the molecular mechanisms by which S1P turnover, transport and signaling via receptor-dependent and independent pathways shape colon cancer cell behavior and influence treatment outcome in colon cancer. Combining available modulators of S1P metabolism and signaling with standard chemotherapy drugs could provide a rational approach to achieve enhanced therapeutic response, diminish chemoresistance development and improve the survival outcome in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Sedić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Arribas RL, Bordas A, Domènech Omella J, Cedillo JL, Janssens V, Montiel C, de Los Ríos C. An okadaic acid fragment analogue prevents nicotine-induced resistance to cisplatin by recovering PP2A activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103874. [PMID: 32361056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the design, synthesis, and functional impact of an okadaic acid (OA) small analogue, ITH12680, which restores the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), whose deficient activity has been implicated in nicotine-mediated tumor progression and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For its design, we paid attention to the structure of the PP2A-OA complex, where the C16-C38 OA fragment confers PP2A affinity and selectivity, but it is not involved in the inhibitory effect. Confirming this hypothesis, PP2A activity was not inhibited by ITH12680. By contrast, the compound partially restored OA-exerted PP2A inhibition in vitro. Moreover, flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments revealed that ITH12680 reversed nicotine-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, as it prevented nicotine-induced reduction of Bax expression and inhibited nicotine-mediated activation of cell survival and proliferation kinases, Akt and ERK1/2. Our findings suggest that the rescue of nicotine-inhibited PP2A activity could diminish the resistance to cisplatin treatment observed in NSCLC patients who continue smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Arribas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bordas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Domènech Omella
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, & LKI (Leuven Cancer Institute), Belgium
| | - Jose Luis Cedillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, & LKI (Leuven Cancer Institute), Belgium
| | - Carmen Montiel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Sardoiwala MN, Kushwaha AC, Dev A, Shrimali N, Guchhait P, Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S. Hypericin-Loaded Transferrin Nanoparticles Induce PP2A-Regulated BMI1 Degradation in Colorectal Cancer-Specific Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3139-3153. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Chandra Kushwaha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Atul Dev
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Nishith Shrimali
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Disease Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Chen W, Liang JL, Zhou K, Zeng QL, Ye JW, Huang MJ. Effect of CIP2A and its mechanism of action in the malignant biological behavior of colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:67. [PMID: 32321509 PMCID: PMC7178757 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has revealed a close correlation between cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) and cancer progression. CIP2A has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes, such as development, tumorigenic transformation and chemoresistance. However, the functions of CIP2A in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its underlying mechanisms of action are not yet completely understood. The purpose of this study was to explore its clinical significance, function and relevant pathways in CRC. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to identify the expression of CIP2A in CRC tissues, sera and CRC cell lines. The association between the expressions of CIP2A and patient survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, the functional role of CIP2A in the cell lines was identified through small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of the protein followed by analyses of proliferation and xenograft growth in vivo using short hairpin (sh) RNAs. Effects of the C-myc inhibitor 10,058-F4 on the expressions of C-myc, and CIP2A in CRC cell lines and its potential mechanisms of action were investigated. Finally, the potential molecular pathways associated with CIP2A were screened using the phosphokinase array and identified through western blotting. Results CIP2A mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in CRC tissues compared to those of the corresponding normal tissues. It can be used as an independent prognostic indicator to determine overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Depletion of CIP2A substantially suppressed the growth of CRC cells and colony formation in vitro, and inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Additionally, the levels of CIP2A in the sera of patients with CRC were higher than those of the control subjects. Multivariate analyses revealed that the levels of CIP2A in the sera were not independent prognostic indicators in patients with CRC. Moreover, 10,058-F4 could effectively inhibit the growth of CRC cells in vitro, which could be correlated with an inhibition in the expressions of C-myc, CIP2A and its downstream regulatory anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, the Human Phosphokinase Antibody Array was used to gain insights into the CIP2A-dependent intermediary signaling pathways. The results revealed that several signaling pathways were affected and the protein levels of p-p53 (S392), p-STAT5a (Y694), Cyclin D1, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT (T308) had decreased in CIP2A-shRNA group based on the results of the western blot analysis. Conclusions CIP2A could promote the development of CRC cells and predict poor prognosis in patients with CRC, suggesting that it may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target against CRC. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jing-Lin Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing-Li Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,The 334 Hospital Affiliated of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330024, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-Wen Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mei-Jin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China. .,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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41
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Sukocheva OA, Furuya H, Ng ML, Friedemann M, Menschikowski M, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Klochkov SG, Neganova ME, Mangoni AA, Aliev G, Bishayee A. Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway in inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and cancers: A novel therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 207:107464. [PMID: 31863815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and malignancies are associated with growing morbidity and cancer-related mortality worldwide. GI tumor and inflammatory cells contain activated sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes, including sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and SphK2, that generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a highly bioactive compound. Many inflammatory responses, including lymphocyte trafficking, are directed by circulatory S1P, present in high concentrations in both the plasma and the lymph of cancer patients. High fat and sugar diet, disbalanced intestinal flora, and obesity have recently been linked to activation of inflammation and SphK/S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling in various GI pathologies, including cancer. SphK1 overexpression and activation facilitate and enhance the development and progression of esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers. SphK/S1P axis, a mediator of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, has recently been defined as a target for the treatment of GI disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease and colitis. Several SphK1 inhibitors and S1PR antagonists have been developed as novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of SphK/S1P signaling in GI tissues and critically appraise recent studies on the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in inflammatory GI disorders and cancers. The potential role of SphK/S1PR inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated GI diseases, including GI cancer, is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Fingolimod inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in sacral chordoma by inactivating IL-6/STAT3 signalling. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:222049. [PMID: 32027356 PMCID: PMC7029154 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the sensitivity of the immunosuppressive agent fingolimod (FTY720) in chordoma and determine whether it can serve as an appropriate alternate treatment for unresectable tumours in patients after incomplete surgery. Methods: Cell viability assays, colony formation assays and EdU assays were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of chordoma cell lines to FTY720. Transwell invasion assays, wound healing assays, flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to evaluate cell invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of related pathways after treatment with FTY720. The effect of FTY720 was also evaluated in vivo in a xenograft model. Results: We found that FTY720 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of sacral chordoma cells (P < 0.01). FTY720 also inhibited the proliferation of tumour cells in a xenograft model using sacral chordoma cell lines (P < 0.01). The mechanism was related to the EMT and apoptosis of chordoma cells and inactivation of IL-6/STAT3 signalling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that FTY720 may be an effective therapeutic agent against chordoma. These findings suggest that FTY720 is a novel agent that can treat locally advanced and metastatic chordoma.
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43
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Melamed E, Lee MW. Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: The Ying-Yang Effect of Disease Modifying Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2954. [PMID: 31998289 PMCID: PMC6965059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the rapidly expanding arsenal of new disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Current DMTs for MS aim to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses toward a less inflammatory phenotype. Since the immune system is also critical for identifying and eliminating malignant cells, immunosuppression from DMTs may predictably increase the risk of cancer development in MS patients. Compared with healthy controls, patients with autoimmune conditions, such as MS, may already have a higher risk of developing certain malignancies and this risk may further be magnified by DMT treatments. For those patients who develop both MS and cancer, these comorbid presentations create a challenge for clinicians on how to therapeutically address management of cancer in the context of MS autoimmunity. As there are currently no accepted guidelines for managing MS patients with prior history of or newly developed malignancy, we undertook this review to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of current DMTs and their potential for instigating and treating cancer in patients living with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michael William Lee
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
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Wang Z, Kawabori M, Houkin K. FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Brain Injury through Multiple Mechanisms and is a Strong Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2979-2993. [PMID: 31785606 PMCID: PMC7403647 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190308133732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
FTY720 (Fingolimod) is a known sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist that exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects and was approved as the first oral drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2010. FTY720 is mainly associated with unique functional "antagonist" and "agonist" mechanisms. The functional antagonistic mechanism is mediated by the transient down-regulation and degradation of S1P receptors on lymphocytes, which prevents lymphocytes from entering the blood stream from the lymph node. This subsequently results in the development of lymphopenia and reduces lymphocytic inflammation. Functional agonistic mechanisms are executed through S1P receptors expressed on the surface of various cells including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and blood vessel endothelial cells. These functions might play important roles in regulating anti-apoptotic systems, modulating brain immune and phagocytic activities, preserving the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB), and the proliferation of neural precursor cells. Recently, FTY720 have shown receptor-independent effects, including intracellular target bindings and epigenetic modulations. Many researchers have recognized the positive effects of FTY720 and launched basic and clinical experiments to test the use of this agent against stroke. Although the mechanism of FTY720 has not been fully elucidated, its efficacy against cerebral stroke is becoming clear, not only in animal models, but also in ischemic stroke patients through clinical trials. In this article, we review the data obtained from laboratory findings and preliminary clinical trials using FTY720 for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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45
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Yen YT, Chien M, Lai YC, Chen DP, Chuong CM, Hung MC, Hung SC. PP2A Deficiency Enhances Carcinogenesis of Lgr5 + Intestinal Stem Cells Both in Organoids and In Vivo. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010090. [PMID: 31905853 PMCID: PMC7017129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cancers, cellular origin and the contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors toward transformation remain elusive. Cell specific carcinogenesis models are currently unavailable. To investigate cellular origin in carcinogenesis, we developed a tumorigenesis model based on a combination of carcinogenesis and genetically engineered mouse models. We show in organoids that treatment of any of three carcinogens, DMBA, MNU, or PhIP, with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) knockout induced tumorigenesis in Lgr5+ intestinal lineage, but not in differentiated cells. These transformed cells increased in stem cell signature, were upregulated in EMT markers, and acquired tumorigenecity. A mechanistic approach demonstrated that tumorigenesis was dependent on Wnt, PI3K, and RAS-MAPK activation. In vivo combination with carcinogen and PP2A depletion also led to tumor formation. Using whole-exome sequencing, we demonstrate that these intestinal tumors display mutation landscape and core driver pathways resembling human intestinal tumor in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These data provide a basis for understanding the interplay between extrinsic carcinogen and intrinsic genetic modification and suggest that PP2A functions as a tumor suppressor in intestine carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Yen
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.C.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - May Chien
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.C.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Dao-Peng Chen
- Kim Forest Enterprise Co., Ltd., Taipei 22175, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.C.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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46
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Elgenaidi IS, Spiers JP. Hypoxia modulates protein phosphatase 2A through HIF-1α dependent and independent mechanisms in human aortic smooth muscle cells and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1745-1763. [PMID: 30825189 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although protein phosphatases regulate multiple cellular functions, their modulation under hypoxia remains unclear. We investigated expression of the protein phosphatase system under normoxic/hypoxic conditions and the mechanism by which hypoxia alters protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human cardiovascular cells were cultured in cell type specific media under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (1% O2 ). Effects on mRNA expression, phosphatase activity, post-translational modification, and involvement of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were assessed using RT-PCR, immunoblotting, an activity assay, and siRNA silencing. KEY RESULTS All components of the protein phosphatase system studied were expressed in each cell line. Hypoxia attenuated mRNA expression of the transcripts in a cell line- and time-dependent manner. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and AC16 cells, hypoxia decreased PP2Ac activity and mRNA expression without altering PP2Ac abundance. Hypoxia increased demethylated PP2Ac (DPP2Ac) and phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME-1) abundance but decreased leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT-1) abundance. HIF-1α siRNA prevented the hypoxia-mediated decrease in phosphatase activity and expression of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PPP2CA), independently of altering pPP2Ac, DPP2Ac, LCMT-1, or PME-1 abundance. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cardiovascular cells express multiple components of the PP2A system. In HASMC and AC16 cells, hypoxia inhibits PP2A activity through HIF-1α-dependent and -independent mechanisms, with the latter being consistent with altered PP2A holoenzyme assembly. This indicates a complex inhibitory effect of hypoxia on the PP2A system, and highlights PP2A as a therapeutic target for diseases associated with dysregulated protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Paul Spiers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Stafman LL, Williams AP, Marayati R, Aye JM, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. PP2A activation alone and in combination with cisplatin decreases cell growth and tumor formation in human HuH6 hepatoblastoma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214469. [PMID: 30969990 PMCID: PMC6457532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in incidence, treatments for hepatoblastoma remain virtually unchanged for the past 20 years, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. FTY720 (fingolimod) is an immunomodulator approved for use in multiple sclerosis in children that has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties in multiple cancer types. We have demonstrated that FTY720 activates PP2A in hepatoblastoma, but does not do so via inhibition of the endogenous inhibitors, CIP2A and I2PP2A, as previously observed in other cancers. PP2A activation in hepatoblastoma decreased cell viability, proliferation, and motility and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, FTY720 decreased tumor growth. FTY720 in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, decreased proliferation in a synergistic manner. Finally, animals bearing subcutaneous hepatoblastoma xenografts treated with FTY720 and cisplatin in combination had significantly decreased tumor growth compared to those treated with either drug alone. These findings show that targeting PP2A with FTY70 shows promise in the treatment of hepatoblastoma and that combining FTY720 with cisplatin may be a novel and effective strategy to better treat this devastating pediatric liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deregulation of SET is Associated with Tumor Progression and Predicts Adverse Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030346. [PMID: 30871013 PMCID: PMC6463201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) deregulation is a novel molecular target in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its role in CRC progression and its potential clinical impact in early-stage CRC patients remain unknown. Here, we studied the biological effects of SET on migration using wound-healing and transwell assays, and anchorage-independent cell growth using soft agar colony formation assays after ectopic SET modulation. SET was analyzed by immuno-staining in 231 early-stage CRC patients, and miR-199b expression was quantified by real-time PCR in a set of CRC patients. Interestingly, SET enhances cell migration, markedly affects the colony-forming ability, promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and induces the expression of the MYC proto-oncogene (c-MYC) in CRC cells. SET overexpression was detected in 15.4% of cases and was associated with worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (p = 0.021) and relapse in stage-II CRC patients (p = 0.008). Moreover, SET overexpression predicted shorter overall survival (p < 0.001) and time to metastasis (p < 0.001), and its prognostic value was particularly evident in elderly patients. MiR-199b downregulation was identified as a molecular mechanism to deregulate SET in patients with localized disease. In conclusion, SET overexpression is a common alteration in early-stage CRC, playing an oncogenic role associated with progression and aggressiveness, and portends a poor outcome. Thus, SET emerges as a novel potential molecular target with clinical impact in early-stage in CRC.
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Sun WG, Song RP, Wang Y, Zhang YH, Wang HX, Ge S, Liu JR, Liu LX. γ-Tocotrienol-Inhibited Cell Proliferation of Human Gastric Cancer by Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 67:441-451. [PMID: 30562020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3) exhibits the activity of anticancer via regulating cell signaling pathways. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), one of the crucial pro-inflammatory factors, is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of tumor. In the present study, NF-κB activity inhibited by γ-T3 was investigated in gastric cancer cells. Cell proliferation, NF-κB activity, active protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A), and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were explored using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), methylene blue, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), malachite green, luciferase, and Western blotting assays. The effects of γ-T3 on tumor growth and the expression of NF-κB and PP2A proteins were also further examined by implanting human gastric cancer cells in a BALB/c nude mouse model. The results showed that γ-T3 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and attenuated the NF-κB activity in vitro and in vivo. γ-T3 dramatically increased PP2A activity and protein expression, which suppressed ATM phosphorylation and its translocation to the cytoplasm in gastric cancer cells. Thus, our findings may provide mechanistic insight into effects of γ-T3 on the regulation of NF-κB activity by a PP2A-dependent mechanism and suggest that PP2A may serve as a molecular target for a potential chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Sun
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai JiaoTong University , 910 Hengshan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Rui-Peng Song
- Department of General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology , 17 LuJiang Road , LuYang District, HeFei 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention , 30 WeiXing Road , DaoWai District, Harbin 150056 , P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai JiaoTong University , 910 Hengshan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai JiaoTong University , 910 Hengshan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ge
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai JiaoTong University , 910 Hengshan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ren Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , 37 YiYuan Street , NanGang District, Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Lian-Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology , 17 LuJiang Road , LuYang District, HeFei 230031 , P. R. China
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