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Sun W, Xu Y, Yan W, Wang C, Hu T, Luo Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen Y. A real-world study of adjuvant anti-PD -1 immunotherapy on stage III melanoma with BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutations. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15945-15954. [PMID: 37403699 PMCID: PMC10469738 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma frequently harbors BRAF, NRAS, or KIT mutations which influence both tumor development and treatment strategies. For example, it is still controversial whether adjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors may better improve the survival for resected BRAF-mutant melanoma. Furthermore, outcomes for melanoma with NRAS and KIT mutation receiving adjuvant immunotherapy remain unclear. METHODS One hundred seventy-four stage III melanoma patients who underwent radical surgery in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) during January 2017 to December 2021 were included in this real-world study. Patients were followed up until death or May 30th, 2022. Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was performed for univariable analysis of the different category groups. Log-rank analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS There were 41 (23.6%) patients with BRAF mutation, 31 (17.8%) with NRAS mutation, 17 (9.8%) with KIT mutation, and 85 (48.9%) wild-type patients without either genomic alteration of those three genes. Most ( n = 118, 67.8%) of them were acral melanoma, while 45 (25.9%) were cutaneous subtype, and 11 were (6.3%) primary unknown. Among them, 115 (66.1%) patients received pembrolizumab or toripalimab monotherapy as adjuvant therapy; 22 (12.6%) patients received high-dose interferon (IFN), and 37 (21.3%) patients were just for observation. There was no statistical difference in clinicopathologic factors between anti-PD-1 group and IFN/OBS group. Of all the enrolled patients, anti-PD-1 group had a better DFS than IFN/OBS group ( p = 0.039). In anti-PD-1 group, patients with BRAF or NRAS mutations had poorer DFS than wild-type group. No survival difference was found among patients harboring different gene mutations in IFN/OBS group. In wild-type patients, anti-PD-1 group had a better DFS than IFN/OBS group ( p = 0.003), while no survival benefits were found for patients with BRAF, NRAS, or KIT mutations. CONCLUSION Although anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy provides a better DFS in the general population and in wild-type patients, patients with BRAF, KIT or, especially, NRAS mutation may not benefit further from immunotherapy than conventional IFN treatment or observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - WangJun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - ChunMeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - ZhiGuo Luo
- Department of gastrointestinal medical oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - XiaoWei Zhang
- Department of gastrointestinal medical oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Head&Neck tumors and Neuroendocrine tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Bhardwaj V, Ansell SM. Modulation of T-cell function by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hematological malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1129343. [PMID: 37091970 PMCID: PMC10113446 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils and monocytes that negatively regulate the immune response to cancer and chronic infections. Abnormal myelopoiesis and pathological activation of myeloid cells generate this heterogeneous population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. They are characterized by their distinct transcription, phenotypic, biochemical, and functional features. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), myeloid-derived suppressor cells represent an important class of immunosuppressive cells that correlate with tumor burden, stage, and a poor prognosis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells exert a strong immunosuppressive effect on T-cells (and a broad range of other immune cells), by blocking lymphocyte homing, increasing production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, promoting secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and immune regulatory molecules, stimulation of other immunosuppressive cells, depletion of various metabolites, and upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules. Additionally, the heterogeneity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer makes their identification challenging. Overall, they serve as a major obstacle for many cancer immunotherapies and targeting them could be a favorable strategy to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic interventions. However, in hematological malignancies, particularly B-cell malignancies, the clinical outcomes of targeting these myeloid-derived suppressor cells is a field that is still to be explored. This review summarizes the complex biology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells with an emphasis on the immunosuppressive pathways used by myeloid-derived suppressor cells to modulate T-cell function in hematological malignancies. In addition, we describe the challenges, therapeutic strategies, and clinical relevance of targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in these diseases.
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Wang S, Zhao X, Wu S, Cui D, Xu Z. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36978204 PMCID: PMC10049909 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) supports the development of tumors and limits tumor immunotherapy, including hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies remain a major public health issue with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. As an important component of immunosuppressive regulators, the phenotypic characteristics and prognostic value of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have received much attention. A variety of MDSC-targeting therapeutic approaches have produced encouraging outcomes. However, the use of various MDSC-targeted treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies is still difficult due to the heterogeneity of hematologic malignancies and the complexity of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of MDSCs and further provide a summary of the phenotypes and suppressive mechanisms of MDSC populations expanded in various types of hematological malignancy contexts. Moreover, we discussed the clinical correlation between MDSCs and the diagnosis of malignant hematological disease, as well as the drugs targeting MDSCs, and focused on summarizing the therapeutic strategies in combination with other immunotherapies, such as various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), that are under active investigation. We highlight the new direction of targeting MDSCs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Rodríguez-Agustín A, Casanova V, Grau-Expósito J, Sánchez-Palomino S, Alcamí J, Climent N. Immunomodulatory Activity of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dasatinib to Elicit NK Cytotoxicity against Cancer, HIV Infection and Aging. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030917. [PMID: 36986778 PMCID: PMC10055786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively used as a treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Dasatinib is a broad-spectrum TKI with off-target effects that give it an immunomodulatory capacity resulting in increased innate immune responses against cancerous cells and viral infected cells. Several studies reported that dasatinib expanded memory-like natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells that have been related with increased control of CML after treatment withdrawal. In the HIV infection setting, these innate cells are associated with virus control and protection, suggesting that dasatinib could have a potential role in improving both the CML and HIV outcomes. Moreover, dasatinib could also directly induce apoptosis of senescence cells, being a new potential senolytic drug. Here, we review in depth the current knowledge of virological and immunogenetic factors associated with the development of powerful cytotoxic responses associated with this drug. Besides, we will discuss the potential therapeutic role against CML, HIV infection and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Casanova
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Grau-Expósito
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Climent
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2275400 (ext. 3144); Fax: +34-93-2271775
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Kapor S, Momčilović S, Kapor S, Mojsilović S, Radojković M, Apostolović M, Filipović B, Gotić M, Čokić V, Santibanez JF. Increase in Frequency of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: Potential Implications in Myelofibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:273-290. [PMID: 37093433 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells, are characterized by the proliferation of mature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and a chronic inflammatory status impacting the initiation, progression, and symptomatology of the malignancies. There are three main entities defined as essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and genetically classified by JAK2V617F, CALR, or MPL mutations. In MPNs, due to the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines by the neoplastic cells and non-transformed immune cells, chronic inflammation may provoke the generation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressors cells (MDSCs) that highly influence the adaptive immune response. Although peripheral blood MDSC levels are elevated, their frequency in the bone marrow of MPNs patients is not well elucidated yet. Our results indicated increased levels of total (T)-MDSCs (CD33+HLA-DR-/low) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs (CD33+/HLA-DRlow/CD15+/CD14-) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of all three types of MPNs malignancies. However, these bone marrow MDSCs-increased frequencies did not correlate with the clinical parameters, such as hepatomegaly, leukocytes, hemoglobin, or platelet levels, or with JAK2 and CALR mutations. Besides, bone marrow MDSCs, from ET, PV, and PMF patients, exhibited immunosuppressive function, determined as T-cell proliferation inhibition. Notably, the highest T-MDSCs and PMN-MDSC levels were found in PMF samples, and the increased MDSCs frequency strongly correlated with the degree of myelofibrosis. Thus, these data together indicate that the immunosuppressive MDSCs population is increased in the bone marrow of MPNs patients and may be implicated in generating a fibrotic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Momčilović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, POB 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Institute of Anatomy "Niko Miljanić", Dr. Subotića Starijeg 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Radojković
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Apostolović
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepića 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Filipović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center "Dr. Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Gotić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Čokić
- Molecular Oncology group, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Molecular Oncology group, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile.
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Ujvari D, Malyukova A, Zovko A, Yektaei-Karin E, Madapura HS, Keszei M, Nagy N, Lotfi K, Björn N, Wallvik J, Stenke L, Salamon D. IFNγ directly counteracts imatinib-induced apoptosis of primary human CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells potentially through the upregulation of multiple key survival factors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2109861. [PMID: 35979386 PMCID: PMC9377247 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but residual disease typically persists even after prolonged treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that TKIs administered to CML patients upregulate interferon γ (IFNγ) production, which may counteract the anti-tumorigenic effects of the therapy. We now show that activated T cell-conditioned medium (TCM) enhanced proliferation and counteracted imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells, and addition of a neutralizing anti-IFNγ antibody at least partially inhibited the anti-apoptotic effect. Likewise, recombinant IFNγ also reduced imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells. This anti-apoptotic effect of IFNγ was independent of alternative IFNγ signaling pathways, but could be notably diminished by STAT1-knockdown. Furthermore, IFNγ upregulated the expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, including MCL1, PARP9, and PARP14, both in untreated and imatinib-treated primary human CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells. Our results suggest that activated T cells in imatinib-treated CML patients can directly rescue CML cells from imatinib-induced apoptosis at least partially through the secretion of IFNγ, which exerts a rapid, STAT1-dependent anti-apoptotic effect potentially through the simultaneous upregulation of several key hematopoietic survival factors. These mechanisms may have a major clinical impact, when targeting residual leukemic stem/progenitor cells in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ujvari
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Pandemic Center, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alena Malyukova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Zovko
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elham Yektaei-Karin
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harsha S Madapura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Lotfi
- Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Björn
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Wallvik
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif Stenke
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Salamon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li C, Wen L, Dong J, Li L, Huang J, Yang J, Liang T, Li T, Xia Z, Chen C. Alterations in cellular metabolisms after TKI therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in children: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072806. [PMID: 36561525 PMCID: PMC9766352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lower but more aggressive in children than in adults due to different biological and host factors. After the clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) blocking BCR/ABL kinase activity, the prognosis of children with CML and Ph+ ALL has improved dramatically. Yet, off-target effects and drug tolerance will occur during the TKI treatments, contributing to treatment failure. In addition, compared to adults, children may need a longer course of TKIs therapy, causing detrimental effects on growth and development. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that drug resistance and side effects during TKI treatment may result from the cellular metabolism alterations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the current knowledge on alterations in metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. In order to obtain better TKI treatment outcomes and avoid side effects, it is essential to understand how the TKIs affect cellular metabolism. Hence, we also discuss the relevance of cellular metabolism in TKIs therapy to provide ideas for better use of TKIs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lindi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Chun Chen,
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Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy-like presentation secondary to scleral buckle. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 28:101716. [PMID: 36275187 PMCID: PMC9579325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy-like (AZOOR-like) presentation following scleral buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Observations A 48-year-old man underwent successful scleral buckle with cryotherapy for repair of a left eye inferior macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Five years later he presented with a six-month history of left peripheral field restriction. Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography demonstrated degeneration of the photoreceptors in a ring pattern around the left macula. Humphrey visual fields showed functional loss corelating with the imaging, with a paracentral ring scotoma. Electrophysiology demonstrated a delayed 30 Hz flicker latency in the left eye confirming cone system dysfunction. Conclusion and Importance Scleral buckling surgery for repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment may be associated with a late AZOOR-like presentation.
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Daly RJ, Scott AM, Klein O, Ernst M. Enhancing therapeutic anti-cancer responses by combining immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibition. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:189. [PMID: 36175961 PMCID: PMC9523960 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been established as the standard of care for many types of cancer, but the strategies employed have continued to evolve. Recently, much clinical focus has been on combining targeted therapies with ICI for the purpose of manipulating the immune setpoint. The latter concept describes the equilibrium between factors that promote and those that suppress anti-cancer immunity. Besides tumor mutational load and other cancer cell-intrinsic determinants, the immune setpoint is also governed by the cells of the tumor microenvironment and how they are coerced by cancer cells to support the survival and growth of the tumor. These regulatory mechanisms provide therapeutic opportunities to intervene and reduce immune suppression via application of small molecule inhibitors and antibody-based therapies against (receptor) tyrosine kinases and thereby improve the response to ICIs. This article reviews how tyrosine kinase signaling in the tumor microenvironment can promote immune suppression and highlights how therapeutic strategies directed against specific tyrosine kinases can be used to lower the immune setpoint and elicit more effective anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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Yu S, Ren X, Li L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hematologic malignancies: two sides of the same coin. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:43. [PMID: 35854339 PMCID: PMC9295421 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow cells originating from immature myeloid cells. They exert potent immunosuppressive activity and are closely associated with the development of various diseases such as malignancies, infections, and inflammation. In malignant tumors, MDSCs, one of the most dominant cellular components comprising the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in tumor growth, drug resistance, recurrence, and immune escape. Although the role of MDSCs in solid tumors is currently being extensively studied, little is known about their role in hematologic malignancies. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and reviewed the different roles of MDSCs in hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and finally discussed current targeted therapeutic strategies.Affiliation: Kindly check and confirm the processed affiliations are correct. Amend if any.correct
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.
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Toloza MJ, Bestach Y, Lincango-Yupanki M, Bordone J, Mariano R, Tarqui M, Pérez M, Aranguren PN, Enrico A, Larripa IB, Belli CB. Expression dynamics of the immune mediators ARG1, TBET, CIITA, IL10 and TGFB1 in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients during the first year of imatinib therapy. Gene 2021; 813:146110. [PMID: 34902507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors seems to restore the broadly compromised immune system described in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients at diagnosis leading to a re-activation of the effector-mediated immune surveillance. Here, we describe the expression dynamics of immune factors during the first year on imatinib therapy. Gene expression was evaluated in 132 peripheral blood samples from 79 CML patients, including 34 who were serially followed. An aliquot of the stored sample used to monitor BCR-ABL1 levels was retro-transcribed to cDNA and gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. An elevated expression of ARG1 was observed at diagnosis, while TBET, CIITA, IL10 and TGFB1 were significantly decreased. Once on therapy, each gene displayed a particular behaviour. ARG1 normalized to control levels at 3 months only in optimal molecular responders and was identified as the major contributor to the difference among patients. TBET reached normal levels after 12 months in optimal responders and non-responders, regardless the Th1-response previously associated, and CIITA continued downregulated. IL10 and TGFB1 achieved normal levels early at 3 months in both groups, afterwards IL10 was sustained while TGFB1 was slightly increased after 1 year in responders. Our findings are in agreement with an immune re-activation after imatinib initiation; however, some immune mediators may require a longer exposition. The follow-up of novel and reliable biomarkers, such as ARG1, one of the principal mechanisms of myeloid-derived-suppressor cells to inhibit immune system, may be useful to deepen the characterization of early responder patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arginase/genetics
- Arginase/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/analysis
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/blood
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/blood
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Trans-Activators/blood
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jazmín Toloza
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yesica Bestach
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Lincango-Yupanki
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Bordone
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en red "El Cruce", Argentina
| | - Romina Mariano
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital "San Martín de Paraná", Argentina
| | - Melissa Tarqui
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariel Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Rossi", La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Alicia Enrico
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Irene B Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina B Belli
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET/Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Activated naïve γδ T cells accelerate deep molecular response to BCR-ABL inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 34785653 PMCID: PMC8595379 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target BCR-ABL are the frontline treatments in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Growing evidence has shown that TKIs also enhance immunity. Since gamma-delta T (γδT) cells possess the potent anticancer capability, here we investigated the potential involvement of γδT cells in TKI treatments for CML. We characterized γδT cells isolated from chronic-phase CML patients before and during TKI treatments. γδT expression increased significantly in CML patients who achieved major molecular response (MMR) and deep molecular response (DMR). Their Vδ2 subset of γδT also expanded, and increased expression of activating molecules, namely IFN-γ, perforin, and CD107a, as well as γδT cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, TKIs augmented the efflux of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) from CML cells, which stimulated IFN-γ production and γδT expansion. Notably, the size of the IFN-γ+ naïve γδT population in TKI-treated CML patients was strongly correlated with their rates to reach DMR and with the duration on DMR. Statistical analysis suggests that a cutoff of 7.5% IFN-γ+ naïve subpopulation of γδT in CML patients could serve as a determinant for MR4.0 sustainability. Our results highlight γδT cells as a positive regulator for TKI responses in CML patients.
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13
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Olivares-Hernández A, Figuero-Pérez L, Terán-Brage E, López-Gutiérrez Á, Velasco ÁT, Sarmiento RG, Cruz-Hernández JJ, Miramontes-González JP. Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Secondary to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: A New Therapeutic Targeting of Haematological Malignancies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091919. [PMID: 33925214 PMCID: PMC8124332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a set of immature myeloid lineage cells that include macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cell precursors. This subpopulation has been described in relation to the tumour processes at different levels, including resistance to immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Currently, multiple studies at the preclinical and clinical levels seek to use this cell population for the treatment of different haematological neoplasms, together with ICIs. This review addresses the different points in ongoing studies of MDSCs and ICIs in haematological malignancies and their future significance in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Olivares-Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.O.-H.); (J.P.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-923-29-11-00 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-42-04-00 (J.P.M.-G.); Fax: +34-923-29-13-25 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-21-53-65 (J.P.M.-G.)
| | - Luis Figuero-Pérez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Terán-Brage
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Álvaro López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Tamayo Velasco
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Rogelio González Sarmiento
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Pablo Miramontes-González
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rio Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 45005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.-H.); (J.P.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-923-29-11-00 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-42-04-00 (J.P.M.-G.); Fax: +34-923-29-13-25 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-21-53-65 (J.P.M.-G.)
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14
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Tolba MF, Elghazaly H, Bousoik E, Elmazar MMA, Tolaney SM. Novel combinatorial strategies for boosting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced breast cancers. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1979-1994. [PMID: 33871826 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The year 2019 witnessed the first approval of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for the management of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) that are metastatic and programmed death ligand (PD)-L1 positive. Extensive research has focused on testing ICI-based combinatorial strategies, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the response of breast tumors to immunotherapy to increase the number of breast cancer patients benefiting from this transformative treatment. The promising investigational strategies included immunotherapy combinations with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 for the HER2 + tumors versus cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors in the estrogen receptor (ER) + disease. Multiple approaches are showing signals of success in advanced TNBC include employing Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling inhibitors or inhibitors of adenosine receptor, in combination with the classical PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Co-treatment with chemotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or interleukin-2-βɣ agonist have also produced promising outcomes. This review highlights the latest combinatorial strategies under development for overcoming cancer immune evasion and enhancing the percentage of immunotherapy responders in the different subsets of advanced breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire-Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Capital City, Egypt.
| | - H Elghazaly
- Clinical Oncology Department, and Medical Research Center (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Bousoik
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Omar-Al-Mukhtar University, Derna, Libya
| | - M M A Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - S M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Swatler J, Turos-Korgul L, Kozlowska E, Piwocka K. Immunosuppressive Cell Subsets and Factors in Myeloid Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061203. [PMID: 33801964 PMCID: PMC7998753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Effector immune system cells have the ability to kill tumor cells. However, as a cancer (such as leukemia) develops, it inhibits and evades the effector immune response. Such a state of immunosuppression can be driven by several factors – receptors, soluble cytokines, as well as by suppressive immune cells. In this review, we describe factors and cells that constitute immunosuppressive microenvironment of myeloid leukemias. We characterize factors of direct leukemic origin, such as inhibitory receptors, enzymes and extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we describe suppressive immune cells, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. Finally, we sum up changes in these drivers of immune evasion in myeloid leukemias during therapy. Abstract Both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia evade the immune response during their development and disease progression. As myeloid leukemia cells modify their bone marrow microenvironment, they lead to dysfunction of cytotoxic cells, such as CD8+ T cells or NK cells, simultaneously promoting development of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and suppressive myeloid cells. This facilitates disease progression, spreading of leukemic blasts outside the bone marrow niche and therapy resistance. The following review focuses on main immunosuppressive features of myeloid leukemias. Firstly, factors derived directly from leukemic cells – inhibitory receptors, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, are described. Further, we outline function, properties and origin of main immunosuppressive cells - regulatory T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells and macrophages. Finally, we analyze interplay between recovery of effector immunity and therapeutic modalities, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Swatler
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
| | - Laura Turos-Korgul
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
| | - Ewa Kozlowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (L.T.-K.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on the immunosuppressive impact of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the potential clinical implications in hematological malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS MDSCs play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response in cancer. They inhibit activation of adaptive immune response and as a result foster the growth of the malignancy. Recent studies have shown that MDSCs serve as prognostic biomarkers and as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical and clinical studies have identified new approaches to deplete MDSC populations and inhibit MDSC function with combination immunomodulatory therapies including chemotherapeutic agents with immune checkpoint-directed treatment. SUMMARY A broad spectrum of publications indicate that direct targeting of MDSCs may abrogate their protumorigenic impact within the tumor microenvironment through activation of the adaptive immune response.
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17
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CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide loss-of-function screening identifies druggable cellular factors involved in sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1749-1756. [PMID: 32968206 PMCID: PMC7723036 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, a significant number of ccRCC patients are primarily refractory to targeted therapeutics, showing neither disease stabilisation nor clinical benefits. METHODS We used CRISPR/Cas9-based high-throughput loss of function (LOF) screening to identify cellular factors involved in the resistance to sunitinib. Next, we validated druggable molecular factors that are synthetically lethal with sunitinib treatment using cell and animal models of ccRCC. RESULTS Our screening identified farnesyltransferase among the top hits contributing to sunitinib resistance in ccRCC. Combined treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib potently augmented the anti-tumour efficacy of sunitinib both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION CRISPR/Cas9 LOF screening presents a promising approach to identify and target cellular factors involved in the resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics.
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18
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Labani-Motlagh A, Ashja-Mahdavi M, Loskog A. The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:940. [PMID: 32499786 PMCID: PMC7243284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and infiltrating immune cells function in a complex network. The potential barriers that profoundly challenge the overall clinical outcome of promising therapies need to be fully identified and counteracted. Although cancer immunotherapy has increasingly been applied, we are far from understanding how to utilize different strategies in the best way and how to combine therapeutic options to optimize clinical benefit. This review intends to give a contemporary and detailed overview of the different roles of immune cells, exosomes, and molecules acting in the tumor microenvironment and how they relate to immune activation and escape. Further, current and novel immunotherapeutic options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Tong DL, Kempsell KE, Szakmany T, Ball G. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for Identification and Validation of Genomic Biomarkers and Key Immunopathology Processes and Controllers in Infectious and Non-infectious Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:380. [PMID: 32318053 PMCID: PMC7147506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response caused by systemic infection, leading to organ failure. It is a life-threatening condition, often requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The causative agents and processes involved are multifactorial but are characterized by an overarching inflammatory response, sharing elements in common with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of non-infectious origin. Sepsis presents with a range of pathophysiological and genetic features which make clinical differentiation from SIRS very challenging. This may reflect a poor understanding of the key gene inter-activities and/or pathway associations underlying these disease processes. Improved understanding is critical for early differential recognition of sepsis and SIRS and to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Judicious selection of gene biomarkers suitable for development of diagnostic tests/testing could make differentiation of sepsis and SIRS feasible. Here we describe a methodologic framework for the identification and validation of biomarkers in SIRS, sepsis and septic shock patients, using a 2-tier gene screening, artificial neural network (ANN) data mining technique, using previously published gene expression datasets. Eight key hub markers have been identified which may delineate distinct, core disease processes and which show potential for informing underlying immunological and pathological processes and thus patient stratification and treatment. These do not show sufficient fold change differences between the different disease states to be useful as primary diagnostic biomarkers, but are instrumental in identifying candidate pathways and other associated biomarkers for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ling Tong
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, First City University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Kempsell
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Differential Targeting of Gr-MDSCs, T Cells and Prostate Cancer Cells by Dactolisib and Dasatinib. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072337. [PMID: 32230980 PMCID: PMC7178187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Gr-MDSCs) promote immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapeutics in a variety of malignancies. Our previous study showed that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Dactolisib impaired the viability and immunosuppressive function of Gr-MDSCs, and significantly synergized with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies targeting PD1 and CTLA4 to eradicate metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in a preclinical transgenic mouse model. On the contrary, tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib diminished tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and showed no synergic activity with ICB. The understanding of the distinct effects of Dactolisib and Dasatinib on Gr-MDSCs, T cells and prostate neoplastic cells is inadequate, limiting the clinical translation of the combination immunotherapy. To address this question, we applied Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) to profile 297 proteins and protein phosphorylation sites of Gr-MDSCs, T cells and prostate cancer cells isolated from the CRPC model. We found cell type-specific protein expression patterns and highly selective targets by the two drugs, including preferential inhibition of phospho-4E-BP1 in Gr-MDSCs by Dactolisib and preferential suppression of phospho-Src and phospho-p38 MAPK in T cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling of Gr-MDSCs treated with the two inhibitors revealed downregulation of mitochondrial respiration pathways by Dactolisib but not Dasatinib. Overall, these results provide important mechanistic insight into the efficacious combination of Dactolisib and ICB as well as the detrimental effect of Dasatinib on anti-tumor immunity.
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21
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Damele L, Ottonello S, Mingari MC, Pietra G, Vitale C. Targeted Therapies: Friends or Foes for Patient's NK Cell-Mediated Tumor Immune-Surveillance? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040774. [PMID: 32218226 PMCID: PMC7226262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years there has been a huge increase in the number of novel drugs for cancer treatment. Most of them exploit their ability to target specific oncogenic mutations in the tumors (targeted therapies–TT), while others target the immune-checkpoint inhibitor molecules (ICI) or the epigenetic DNA modifications. Among them, TT are the longest established drugs exploited against a wide spectrum of both solid and hematological tumors, often with reasonable costs and good efficacy as compared to other innovative therapies (i.e., ICI). Although they have greatly improved the treatment of cancer patients and their survival, patients often relapse or develop drug-resistance, leading to the impossibility to eradicate the disease. The outcome of TT has been often correlated with their ability to affect not only tumor cells, but also the repertoire of immune cells and their ability to interact with cancer cells. Thus, the possibility to create novel synergies among drugs an immunotherapy prompted scientists and physicians to deeply characterize the effects of TT on immune cells both by in-vitro and by ex-vivo analyses. In this context, NK cells may represent a key issue, since they have been shown to exert a potent anti-tumor activity, both against hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In the present review we will discuss most recent ex-vivo analyses that clarify the effect of TT treatment on patient’s NK cells comparing them with clinical outcome and previous in-vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damele
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.); (S.O.); (M.C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Selene Ottonello
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.); (S.O.); (M.C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.); (S.O.); (M.C.M.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.); (S.O.); (M.C.M.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- UO Immunologia IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.); (S.O.); (M.C.M.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chu CL, Lee YP, Pang CY, Lin HR, Chen CS, You RI. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors modulate dendritic cell activity via confining c-Kit signaling and tryptophan metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106357. [PMID: 32151959 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine has been established in tumor immunotherapy. Importantly, the efficiency of anti-tumor T-cells in draining lymph nodes is dependent on the status of DCs surrounding in tumors. It has been shown that Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a key role to induce tolerogenic DCs in tumor microenvironment, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can suppress the function of IDO in DCs. However, the stimulatory effect of TKI-modified DCs on T cells remains unclear. In this report, we found that one type of TKI-dasatinib can modify DCs to increasing the activation of allogenic T cells. These TKI-modified DCs delayed the onset of B16 melanoma progression in mice. In mechanistic studies, TKIs did not increase the maturation but reduce the expression and phosphorylation levels of IDO and IDO mediated tryptophan metabolism in DCs. In addition, the suppressive effect of TKIs on tryptophan metabolism may be caused by blocking c-Kit pathway in DCs. Furthermore, the increased phosphorylation of general control nonderepressible (GCN2) and decreased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) were observed in the T cells activated by TKI-modified DCs, suggesting the enhancement of effector function of T cells. These results indicate that TKI could be used to modulate DC immunogenic activity and may potentially be applied in DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pang Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shan Chen
- Institutes of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Rovatti PE, Gambacorta V, Lorentino F, Ciceri F, Vago L. Mechanisms of Leukemia Immune Evasion and Their Role in Relapse After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32158444 PMCID: PMC7052328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development of multiple strategies to allow the safe transfer from the donor to the patient of high numbers of partially HLA-incompatible T cells has dramatically reduced the toxicities of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT), but this was not accompanied by a similar positive impact on the incidence of post-transplantation relapse. In the present review, we will elaborate on how the unique interplay between HLA-mismatched immune system and malignancy that characterizes haplo-HCT may impact relapse biology, shaping the selection of disease variants that are resistant to the “graft-vs.-leukemia” effect. In particular, we will present current knowledge on genomic loss of HLA, a relapse modality first described in haplo-HCT and accounting for a significant proportion of relapses in this setting, and discuss other more recently identified mechanisms of post-transplantation immune evasion and relapse, including the transcriptional downregulation of HLA class II molecules and the enforcement of inhibitory checkpoints between T cells and leukemia. Ultimately, we will review the available treatment options for patients who relapse after haplo-HCT and discuss on how a deeper insight into relapse immunobiology might inform the rational and personalized selection of therapies to improve the largely unsatisfactory clinical outcome of relapsing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Edoardo Rovatti
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambacorta
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorentino
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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24
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Alves R, McArdle SEB, Vadakekolathu J, Gonçalves AC, Freitas-Tavares P, Pereira A, Almeida AM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Rutella S. Flow cytometry and targeted immune transcriptomics identify distinct profiles in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without interferon-α. J Transl Med 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31900171 PMCID: PMC6941328 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells have evolved complex strategies to escape immune surveillance, a process which involves NK cells and T lymphocytes, and various immunological factors. Indeed, tumor cells recruit immunosuppressive cells [including regulatory T-cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)] and express factors such as PD-L1. Molecularly targeted therapies, such as imatinib, have off-target effects that may influence immune function. Imatinib has been shown to modulate multiple cell types involved in anti-cancer immune surveillance, with potentially detrimental or favorable outcomes. Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have dramatically changed disease course. Our study aimed to characterize the different populations of the immune system in patients with CML affected by their treatment. Methods Forty-one patients with CML [33 treated with TKIs and 8 with TKIs plus interferon (IFN)-α] and 20 controls were enrolled in the present study. Peripheral blood populations of the immune system [referred to as the overview of immune system (OVIS) panel, Treg cells and MDSCs] and PD-1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. The immunological profile was assessed using the mRNA Pan-Cancer Immune Profiling Panel and a NanoString nCounter FLEX platform. Results Patients receiving combination therapy (TKIs + IFN-α) had lower numbers of lymphocytes, particularly T cells [838/µL (95% CI 594–1182)] compared with healthy controls [1500/µL (95% CI 1207 – 1865), p = 0.017]. These patients also had a higher percentage of Treg (9.1%) and CD4+PD-1+ cells (1.65%) compared with controls [Treg (6.1%) and CD4+/PD-1+(0.8%); p ≤ 0.05]. Moreover, patients treated with TKIs had more Mo-MDSCs (12.7%) whereas those treated with TKIs + IFN-α had more Gr-MDSC (21.3%) compared to controls [Mo-MDSC (11.4%) and Gr-MDSC (8.48%); p ≤ 0.05]. CD56bright NK cells, a cell subset endowed with immune-regulatory properties, were increased in patients receiving TKIs plus IFN-α compared with those treated with TKIs alone. Interestingly, serum IL-21 was significantly lower in the TKIs plus IFN-α cohort. Within the group of patients treated with TKI monotherapy, we observed that individuals receiving 2nd generation TKIs had lower percentages of CD4+ Treg (3.63%) and Gr-MDSC (4.2%) compared to patients under imatinib treatment (CD4+ Treg 6.18% and Gr-MDSC 8.2%), but higher levels of PD-1-co-expressing CD4+ cells (1.92%). Conclusions Our results suggest that TKIs in combination with IFN-α may promote an enhanced immune suppressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stephanie E B McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas-Tavares
- Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz (HDFF), Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Antonio M Almeida
- Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal.,CIIS (Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa de Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK. .,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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Ureshino H, Shindo T, Kimura S. Role of cancer immunology in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 88:106273. [PMID: 31765938 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused by the BCR-ABL chimeric tyrosine kinase, which is derived from the reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11). BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can provide prolonged overall survival in CML patients, resulting in life expectancy nearly to general population, and now approximately half of patients who achieved deep molecular response (DMR) can sustain durable molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs. However, residual leukemic cells still detected in the patients who sustained in molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs with the sensitive BCL-ABL1 transcript detection method. Given the fact that residual leukemic cells can exist in these patients, host immune systems can protect the patients to develop CML progression derived from residual leukemic cells. The human immune system is generally composed by innate and adaptive immune systems, corresponding to their functional diversities. Natural killer (NK) cells are major components of the innate immune system, while T lymphocytes (T cells) are major components of the adaptive immune system, and both NK cell and T cell mediate immune responses have an important role in CML. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to host immune suppression, are also important. Although regulation mechanism of these immune system has not been fully elucidated, tumor antigen (e.g. Wilms tumor-1), and surface receptors (e.g. killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and natural killer group 2) on NK cells, are pivotal role in these immune system regulations. Hence, we reviewed the current the immunological analysis, especially T cell and NK cell immunity in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ureshino
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Takero Shindo
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan
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26
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Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215459. [PMID: 31683978 PMCID: PMC6862591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of novel agents and immunotherapies in solid and liquid tumors, there is an emerging need to understand the cross-talk between the neoplastic cells, the host immune system, and the microenvironment to mitigate proliferation, survival, migration and resistance to drugs. In the microenvironment of hematological tumors there are cells belonging to the normal bone marrow, extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and neoplastic cells themselves. In this context, myeloid suppressor cells are an emerging sub-population of regulatory myeloid cells at different stages of differentiation involved in cancer progression and chronic inflammation. In this review, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells and their potential clinical implications are discussed to give a comprehensive vision of their contribution to lymphoproliferative and myeloid disorders.
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27
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Palumbo GA, Parrinello NL, Giallongo C, D'Amico E, Zanghì A, Puglisi F, Conticello C, Chiarenza A, Tibullo D, Raimondo FD, Romano A. Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 31683978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215459.pmid:31683978;pmcid:pmc6862591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of novel agents and immunotherapies in solid and liquid tumors, there is an emerging need to understand the cross-talk between the neoplastic cells, the host immune system, and the microenvironment to mitigate proliferation, survival, migration and resistance to drugs. In the microenvironment of hematological tumors there are cells belonging to the normal bone marrow, extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and neoplastic cells themselves. In this context, myeloid suppressor cells are an emerging sub-population of regulatory myeloid cells at different stages of differentiation involved in cancer progression and chronic inflammation. In this review, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells and their potential clinical implications are discussed to give a comprehensive vision of their contribution to lymphoproliferative and myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele D'Amico
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aurora Zanghì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiarenza
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- BIOMETEC, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia generale e specialità medico-chirurgiche, CHIRMED, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Climent N, Plana M. Immunomodulatory Activity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Elicit Cytotoxicity Against Cancer and Viral Infection. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1232. [PMID: 31680987 PMCID: PMC6813222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of aberrant tyrosine kinase (TK) activity have been widely used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for decades in clinic. An area of growing interest is the reported ability of TKIs to induce immunomodulatory effects with anti-tumor and anti-viral activity, which appears to be mediated by directly or indirectly acting on immune cells. In selected cases of patients with CML, TKI treatment may be interrupted and a non-drug remission may be observed. In these patients, an immune mechanism of increased anti-tumor cytotoxic activity induced by chronic administration of TKIs has been suggested. TKIs increase some populations of natural killer (NK), NK-LGL, and T-LGLs cells especially in dasatinib treated CML patients infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV). In addition, dasatinib increases responses against CMV and is able to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. Recent studies suggest that subclinical reactivation of CMV could drive expansion of specific subsets of NK- and T-cells with both anti-tumoral and anti-viral function. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms implicated in the expansion of this increased anti-tumor and anti-viral cytotoxic activity induced by TKIs could be a new therapeutic approach to take into account against cancer and viral infections such as HIV-1 infection. The present review will briefly summarize the immunomodulatory effects of TKIs on T cells, NKs, and B cells. Therapeutic implications for modulating immunity against cancer and viral infections and critical open questions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Climent
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Xu H, Liu J, Shen N, Zhao Z, Cui J, Zhou S, Jiang L, Zhu X, Tang L, Liang H, Liu W, Zhu Z, Meng L, Zhu X. The interaction of tumor cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:128-137. [PMID: 31530212 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1658098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are considered to be a strong contributor to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In our study, the counts of MDSCs were correlated with the remission status of CML patients, especially the M-MDSCs. M-MDSCs promoted the proliferation of K562 cells or CD34+ cells from newly diagnosed CML patients, no matter in cells or mice experiments. We also established a TKI discontinuation model using the K562 cell line for examining the effect of microvesicles (MVs) derived from K562 cells before and after TKI discontinuation on MDSCs. We found a mutual promotion of proliferation of tumor cells and MDSCs. Moreover, MVs derived from K562 cells after TKI discontinuation significantly improved the proliferation of MDSCs compared with MVs from before TKI discontinuation. The bidirectional interaction results in a vicious cycle, by providing a protective niche against immune attacks. Therapeutic interventions modulating this interaction might accelerate the success of TFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.,Institute of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Minda Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jieke Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Liang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunmin Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation and Differentiation, Scientific and Technological Department of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bestach Y, Toloza MJ, Ferri C, Larripa I, Belli C. The dynamic of TNF and IL6 gene expression in chronic myeloid leukemia patients reveals early responders to imatinib. Leuk Res 2019; 86:106221. [PMID: 31520987 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Bestach
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Jazmín Toloza
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Ferri
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones (InBioMis), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Irene Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Belli
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Parkin A, Man J, Timpson P, Pajic M. Targeting the complexity of Src signalling in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: from mechanism to therapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:3510-3539. [PMID: 31330086 PMCID: PMC6771888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, a disease with extremely poor prognosis, has been notoriously resistant to virtually all forms of treatment. The dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma, frequently mediated by intricate Src/FAK signalling, is increasingly recognised as a key player in pancreatic tumourigenesis, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. These important cues are fundamental for defining the invasive potential of pancreatic tumours, and several components of the Src and downstream effector signalling have been proposed as potent anticancer therapeutic targets. Consequently, numerous agents that block this complex network are being extensively investigated as potential antiinvasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agents for this disease. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence of Src signalling in PDAC progression, fibrotic response and resistance to therapy. We will examine future opportunities for the development and implementation of more effective combination regimens, targeting key components of the oncogenic Src signalling axis, and in the context of a precision medicine-guided approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Parkin
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Jennifer Man
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
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32
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Kalathil SG, Hutson A, Barbi J, Iyer R, Thanavala Y. Augmentation of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cell responses correlates with survival of HCC patients on sorafenib therapy. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130116. [PMID: 31391334 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSorafenib has been shown to reduce the extent of immunosuppression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rationale of this investigation was to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients and to unravel the mechanism by which sorafenib impedes immune suppression mediated by distinct immunosuppressive cell subsets.METHODSWith informed consent, blood samples were collected from 30 patients with advanced HCC, at baseline and 2 time points after initiation of sorafenib treatment. The frequency of PD-1+ T cells, ERK2 phosphorylation on flt-3+ Tregs and MDSCs, and T effector cell function were quantified by using flow cytometry.RESULTSElevated levels of CD8+Ki67+ T cells producing IFN-γ were associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). High frequencies of these T cells were correlated with significantly reduced risk of death over time. Patients with an increased pretreatment T effector/Treg ratio showed significant improvement in OS. ERK+flt-3+ Tregs and MDSCs were significantly decreased after sorafenib therapy. Increased numbers of baseline flt-3+p-ERK+ MDSCs were associated with survival benefit of patients.CONCLUSIONA high baseline CD4+ T effector/Treg ratio is a potential biomarker of prognostic significance in HCC. CD8+Ki67+ T cells producing IFN-γ are a key biomarker of response to sorafenib therapy resulting in survival benefit. The immune modulation resulted from sorafenib-mediated blockade of signaling through the VEGF/VEGFR/flt-3 pathway, affecting ERK phosphorylation. These insights may help identify patients who likely would benefit from VEGFR antagonism and inform efforts to improve the efficacy of sorafenib in combination with immunotherapy.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT02072486.FUNDINGNational Comprehensive Cancer Network Oncology Research Program from general research support provided by Bayer US LLC (NCCNSORA0002), National Cancer Institute grant P30CA016056, and pilot funds from Roswell Park Alliance Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | | | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Meng D, Carvajal RD. KIT as an Oncogenic Driver in Melanoma: An Update on Clinical Development. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:315-323. [PMID: 30707374 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a heterogenous disease that has served as a model for the development of both targeted therapy and immunotherapy. KIT-mutated melanoma represents a rare subset, most commonly arising from acral, mucosal, and chronically sun-damaged skin. Additionally, KIT alterations are enriched in the triple wild-type subtype of cutaneous melanoma. Activating alterations of KIT-a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase important for cell development, growth, and differentiation-have been shown to be critical to oncogenesis across many tumor subtypes. Following the successes of BRAF-targeted therapy in melanoma and KIT-targeted therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting KIT have been examined in KIT-mutated melanoma. KIT inhibitors that have been investigated in relevant clinical trials in advanced melanoma include imatinib, sunitinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. In these studies, selected patients with KIT-mutated melanoma were shown to be responsive to therapy with KIT inhibition, especially patients with L576P and K642E mutations. This has led to the incorporation of KIT-targeted therapy in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for systemic therapy for metastatic or unresectable melanoma. Current research and development efforts include novel KIT-targeted therapies and testing KIT inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy.
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Brattås MK, Reikvam H, Tvedt THA, Bruserud Ø. Dasatinib as an investigational drug for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:411-420. [PMID: 30916583 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1597052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with BCR-ABL1 translocation is an aggressive malignancy that is usually treated with intensive chemotherapy with the possibility of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The encoded fusion protein may be important for leukemogenesis; clinical studies show that dasatinib has an antileukemic effect in combination with steroids alone or intensive chemotherapy. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches (the used terms being acute lymphoblastic leukemia plus dasatinib) in the PubMed database. We searched for original articles and reviews describing the pharmacology and clinical use of dasatinib in ALL with BCR-ABL1. The mechanism of action, pharmacology and clinical study findings are examined. Expert opinion: Dasatinib is associated with a high complete remission rate in ALL when used alone and in combination with steroids or intensive chemotherapy. However, mutations at T315 and F317 are associated with dasatinib resistance. Overall toxicity has been acceptable in these studies and no unexpected toxicity was observed. It is not known whether the antileukemic effect of dasatinib differs between subsets of BCR-ABL1+ patients or is attributed to inhibition of the fusion protein alone, or a combined effect on several kinases, and whether dasatinib-containing combination treatment should be preferred in these patients instead of other emerging strategies, e.g. monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Karen Brattås
- a Department of Medicine , Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- b Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | | | - Øystein Bruserud
- b Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.,c Section for Hematology, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Cayssials E, Jacomet F, Piccirilli N, Lefèvre L, Roy L, Guilhot F, Chomel JC, Leleu X, Gombert JM, Herbelin A, Barbarin A. Sustained treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukaemia is associated with an increased frequency of innate CD8(+) T-cells. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:54-59. [PMID: 30864168 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunological mechanisms of treatment-free remission (TFR) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are poorly defined and, to date, no correlation between successful TFR and CD8(+) T-cell subsets has been found. We analysed a new identified human subset of CD8(+) T-cells, namely innate CD8(+) T-cells, in CML patients with TFR ≥ 2 years. We demonstrated a dramatic increase of functionally active innate CD8(+) T-cells in these patients as compared to control subjects and patients in remission under tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between frequencies of innate CD8(+) T-cells and natural killer cells, possibly representing a new innate biomarker profile of successful TFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cayssials
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Oncologie Hématologique de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Florence Jacomet
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et d'Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Piccirilli
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Lefèvre
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lydia Roy
- Service Clinique d'Hématologie, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Creteil, France
| | - François Guilhot
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Xavier Leleu
- Service d'Oncologie Hématologique de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Immunologie et d'Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - André Herbelin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Seijkens TTP, Lutgens E. Cardiovascular oncology: exploring the effects of targeted cancer therapies on atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:381-388. [PMID: 30074493 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the past decade, but cardiovascular toxicity is a rising problem in cancer patients. Here we discuss the effects of targeted cancer therapies on atherosclerosis. Increasing the awareness of these adverse effects will promote the development of evidence-based preventive strategies in the emerging field of cardiovascular oncology. RECENT FINDINGS Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immunomodulatory imide drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are successfully used as treatment for many types of solid and hematologic malignancies. However, clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that these drugs can drive atherosclerosis, thereby causing adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss how on-target and off-target effects of novel cancer drugs may affect atherosclerosis and we postulate how these cardiovascular adverse events can be prevented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Tong WL, Callahan BM, Tu YN, Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Blanck G. Immune receptor recombinations from breast cancer exome files, independently and in combination with specific HLA alleles, correlate with better survival rates. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:167-177. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Takita M, Tsukahara F, Mishima T, Ieguchi K, Yamada M, Honda H, Maru Y. Paradoxical counteraction by imatinib against cell death in myeloid progenitor 32D cells expressing p210BCR-ABL. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31682-31696. [PMID: 30167087 PMCID: PMC6114964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is believed to be caused by the tyrosine kinase p210BCR-ABL, which exhibits growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic activities. However, mechanisms that allow cell differentiation in CML still remain elusive. Here we established tetracycline (Tet)-regulatable p210BCR-ABL-expressing murine 32D myeloid progenitor (32D/TetOff-p210) cells to explore p210BCR-ABL-induced cell death and differentiation. Tet-regulatable overexpression of p210BCR-ABL induced cell death due to the activation of both caspase-1 and caspase-3, coincident with the differentiation from myeloid progenitors into CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells with segmented nuclei, exemplified as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC), and the ability to secrete IL-1β, TNF-α, and S100A8/A9 into the culture supernatant. Treatment with imatinib almost completely abrogated all these phenotypes. Moreover, overexpression of a sensor of activated caspase-1 based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe enabled us to detect activation of caspase-1 in a human CML cell line, K562. Furthermore, increased numbers of splenic G-MDSC associated with enhancement of S100A8/A9 production were observed in transgenic mice expressing p210BCR-ABL compared with that in wild-type mice. We also propose the novel mode of cell death in this 32D/TetOff-p210 system termed as myeloptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morichika Takita
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Mishima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Toubert A, Turhan A, Guerci-Bresler A, Dulphy N, Réa D. [NK cells: a major role in the antitumoral immunomodulation in CML]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:540-546. [PMID: 30067206 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183406013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing clinical and experimental evidence is converging on the essential role of NK (Natural Killer) cells in the recognition and eradication of tumors. Recent studies emphasized the role of NK cells in the immune control of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a malignancy arising from hematopoietic stem cells, and the treatment of which has been revolutionized by the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Three major findings are emerging: 1) the impairment of the numbers and function of NK cells at diagnosis, 2) the restoration of the NK cell function and numbers during remissions induced with TKI therapies and 3) the potential role of the more mature NK CD56dim cell population in maintaining relapse-free survival after stopping TKI therapy. Immunological control of CML by NK cells which has been suspected for several decades is thus a new field of investigation for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Toubert
- Inserm UMR 1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France - Laboratoire d'immunologie et d'histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France - Institut universitaire d'hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ali Turhan
- Institut fédératif d'hématologie Paris Sud et service d'hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre et Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif France - Inserm U935, Campus CNRS, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Guerci-Bresler
- Service d'hématologie, CHRU Brabois, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France - France intergroupe des leucémies myéloïdes chroniques (Fi-LMC), Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Dulphy
- Inserm UMR 1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France - Laboratoire d'immunologie et d'histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France - Institut universitaire d'hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Réa
- Inserm UMR 1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France - France intergroupe des leucémies myéloïdes chroniques (Fi-LMC), Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France - Service d'hématologie adulte, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
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Song N, Guo H, Ren J, Hao S, Wang X. Synergistic anti-tumor effects of dasatinib and dendritic cell vaccine on metastatic breast cancer in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6831-6838. [PMID: 29731862 PMCID: PMC5920940 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently considered as one of the major anti-tumor modalities, but its efficacy is limited. Dasatinib could improve the expansion and recruitment of cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor microenvironment. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic anti-tumor effects of dasatinib with dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in metastatic breast cancer. Dasatinib with DC vaccine was administered to mice inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Thereafter, tumor volume was measured every other day. On day 34, lung metastasis was assessed with a stereomicroscope. Tumor proliferation and angiogenesis were determined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis in tumor tissues was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The results showed that although there were no significant differences in tumor volumes between the untreated control, DC vaccine and dasatinib groups, the tumor volume was significantly decreased in the combined treatment group compared to the other three groups. Mice in the combined treatment group showed the longest survival time, while mice treated with either single treatment had a slightly increased survival time compared to the untreated control mice. Additionally, the number of metastatic lung nodules was significantly decreased in combined treatment group compared with the dasatinib alone, DC vaccine alone and untreated control groups. Furthermore, the combined treatment group showed significantly reduced intratumoral microvessel density compared to the other three groups. In addition, the ratios of CD8+ T and NK cells were significantly increased in the combined treatment group compared with the other three groups. These results suggest that dasatinib combined with the DC vaccine is a possible modality for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Hulin Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ren
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Hao
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
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Suppression of immune regulatory cells with combined therapy of celecoxib and sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1668-1677. [PMID: 27926489 PMCID: PMC5352087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the the potential benefit of sunitinib in combination with cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma therapy. Methods 769-p cell lines were treated with sunitinib, celecoxib, or in combination at different concentrations respectively. We investigated the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 769-p and cell proliferation in vitro. BALB/c mice implanted with Renca cells were divided into 4 groups and administered orally by gavage with sunitinib, COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) monotherapy or combination, and PBS respectively. Tumor growth and animal survival were observed. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood and spleen were determined by flow cytometry. The MDSCs protein was extracted for STAT3 analysis by western blot. Results 769-p cell lines were suppressed in a dose and time-dependent manner. The expression of GM-CSF was substantially inhibited by celecoxib and sunitinib. Combination of sunitinib and celecoxib in vivo could effectively reduce the MDSCs than those in control group. Meanwhile, the CD4+ lymphocytes were strongly increased and the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in MDSCs were significantly reduced. Conclusion Combination therapy with sunitinib and celecoxib intensified the curative effects to renal cell carcinoma by suppressing immune regulatory cells.
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Stiff A, Trikha P, Mundy-Bosse B, McMichael E, Mace TA, Benner B, Kendra K, Campbell A, Gautam S, Abood D, Landi I, Hsu V, Duggan M, Wesolowski R, Old M, Howard JH, Yu L, Stasik N, Olencki T, Muthusamy N, Tridandapani S, Byrd JC, Caligiuri M, Carson WE. Nitric Oxide Production by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Plays a Role in Impairing Fc Receptor-Mediated Natural Killer Cell Function. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1891-1904. [PMID: 29363526 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: mAbs are used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies and work in part through Fc receptors (FcRs) on natural killer cells (NK). However, FcR-mediated functions of NK cells from patients with cancer are significantly impaired. Identifying the mechanisms of this dysfunction and impaired response to mAb therapy could lead to combination therapies and enhance mAb therapy.Experimental Design: Cocultures of autologous NK cells and MDSC from patients with cancer were used to study the effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on NK-cell FcR-mediated functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and signal transduction in vitro Mouse breast cancer models were utilized to study the effect of MDSCs on antibody therapy in vivo and test the efficacy of combination therapies including a mAb and an MDSC-targeting agent.Results: MDSCs from patients with cancer were found to significantly inhibit NK-cell FcR-mediated functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and signal transduction in a contact-independent manner. In addition, adoptive transfer of MDSCs abolished the efficacy of mAb therapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of iNOS restored NK-cell functions and signal transduction. Finally, nonspecific elimination of MDSCs or inhibition of iNOS in vivo significantly improved the efficacy of mAb therapy in a mouse model of breast cancer.Conclusions: MDSCs antagonize NK-cell FcR-mediated function and signal transduction leading to impaired response to mAb therapy in part through nitric oxide production. Thus, elimination of MDSCs or inhibition of nitric oxide production offers a strategy to improve mAb therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1891-904. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stiff
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Elizabeth McMichael
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brooke Benner
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kari Kendra
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda Campbell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Abood
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Landi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vincent Hsu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan Duggan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John Harrison Howard
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nancy Stasik
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas Olencki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William E Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Identification of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in the peripheral blood of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27676-88. [PMID: 27050283 PMCID: PMC5053680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) have been described as low-density immunosuppressive CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR-granulocytes that co-purify with mononuclear cells after density gradient centrifugation of blood from cancer patients. The role of G-MDSCs in Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains unclear. The percentage and immunophenotype of CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR-cells were analyzed in PBMCs from HL and B-cell NHL patients (n = 124) and healthy donors (n = 48). The immunosuppressive functions of these cells were tested in vitro. Correlations between CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR-cells and patient clinicopathological features and outcome, were evaluated. CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR-cells were increased in PBMCs from HL and B-cell NHL patients as compared to healthy donors: 2.18 (0.02–70.92) vs 0.42 (0.04–2.97), p < 0.0001. Their percentage remained significantly higher even considering HL (n = 31), indolent (n = 31) and aggressive (n = 62) B-cell NHL patients separately: 1.54 (0.28–26.34), 2.15 (0.02–20.08), and 2.96 (0.25–70.92), respectively, p < 0.0001. CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR-cells in patient PBMCs were mostly composed of mature CD11b+CD16+ low-density neutrophils in an activated status, as revealed by their higher CD11b and CD66b expression as compared to conventionally isolated (normal-density) autologous or healthy donor neutrophils. The in vitro depletion of CD66b+ cells from patient PBMCs restored the proliferation of autologous T cells. Higher frequencies of CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR− G-MDSCs correlated significantly with unfavorable prognostic index scores and a shorter freedom from disease progression. PBMCs from HL and B-cell NHL patients contain a population of CD66b+CD33dimHLA-DR− G-MDSCs, mostly composed of activated low-density neutrophils with immunosuppressive properties. These findings disclose a previously unknown G-MDSC-mediated mechanism of immune-escape in lymphomas, therefore anticipating possible targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Bruchard M, Ghiringhelli F. Effect of Pharmaceutical Compounds on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Giallongo C, Parrinello NL, La Cava P, Camiolo G, Romano A, Scalia M, Stagno F, Palumbo GA, Avola R, Li Volti G, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as prognostic factor in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients treated with dasatinib. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1070-1080. [PMID: 29218828 PMCID: PMC5783858 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid suppressor cells are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that are increased in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) inducing T cell tolerance. In this study, we found that therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) decreased the percentage of granulocytic MDSC, but only patients treated with dasatinib showed a significant reduction in the monocytic subset (M‐MDSC). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between number of persistent M‐MDSC and the value of major molecular response in dasatinib‐treated patients. Serum and exosomes from patients with CML induced conversion of monocytes from healthy volunteers into immunosuppressive M‐MDSC, suggesting a bidirectional crosstalk between CML cells and MDSC. Overall, we identified M‐MDSC as prognostic factors in patients treated with dasatinib. It might be of interest to understand whether MDSC may be a candidate predictive markers of relapse risk following TKI discontinuation, suggesting their potential significance as practice of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesarina Giallongo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Piera La Cava
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Camiolo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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46
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Liu X, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Wang M. Harness the synergy between targeted therapy and immunotherapy: what have we learned and where are we headed? Oncotarget 2017; 8:86969-86984. [PMID: 29156850 PMCID: PMC5689740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of imatinib for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, several oncogenic mutations have been identified in various malignancies that can serve as targets for therapy. More recently, a deeper insight into the mechanism of antitumor immunity and tumor immunoevasion have facilitated the development of novel immunotherapy agents. Certain targeted agents have the ability of inhibiting tumor growth without causing severe lymphocytopenia and amplifying antitumor immune response by increasing tumor antigenicity, enhancing intratumoral T cell infiltration, and altering the tumor immune microenvironment, which provides a rationale for combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Targeted therapy can elicit dramatic responses in selected patients by interfering with the tumor-intrinsic driver mutations. But in most cases, resistance will occur over a relatively short period of time. In contrast, immunotherapy can yield durable, albeit generally mild, responses in several tumor types via unleashing host antitumor immunity. Thus, combination approaches might be able to induce a rapid tumor regression and a prolonged duration of response. We examine the available evidence regarding immune effects of targeted therapy, and review preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, we discuss challenges of the combined therapy and highlight the need for continued translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Boegemann M, Aydin AM, Bagrodia A, Krabbe LM. Prospects and progress of immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1417-1431. [PMID: 28832261 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1366445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With recent advances in immunooncology and the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors into clinical practice for many cancers, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has changed dramatically and will continue to change further. Currently, a number of compounds and combinations are under investigation in numerous clinical trials and various clinical scenarios for bladder cancer. Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an overview of the history and rationale for immunotherapy in bladder cancer. They also provide the currently available data evaluating checkpoint inhibitors for bladder cancer, and discuss ongoing trials and future perspectives for urothelial carcinoma treatment. Expert opinion: The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors into the management of bladder cancer marks a significant milestone for this disease. Checkpoint inhibitors have the potential to impact patients across multiple disease states from non-muscle-invasive disease to metastatic tumors refractory to conventional treatment. That being said, validated biomarkers, including genetic signatures, to accurately predict response, and the establishment of optimal sequencing and combination of these immunotherapeutic agents with chemo/radiotherapy are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Boegemann
- a Department of Urology , University of Muenster Medical Center , Muenster , Germany
| | - Ahmet Murat Aydin
- b Department of Urology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.,c Department of Urology, School of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- b Department of Urology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Laura-Maria Krabbe
- a Department of Urology , University of Muenster Medical Center , Muenster , Germany.,b Department of Urology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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Scapini P, Marini O, Tecchio C, Cassatella MA. Human neutrophils in the saga of cellular heterogeneity: insights and open questions. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:48-60. [PMID: 27558327 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have uncovered novel fascinating aspects of the biology of neutrophils, which ultimately attribute to these cells a broader role in inflammation and immunity. One aspect that is currently under intensive investigation is the notion of neutrophil 'heterogeneity'. Studies examining neutrophils in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions report, in fact, the recovery of CD66b(+) cells displaying neutrophil-like morphology at different degrees of maturation/activation, able to exert either immunosuppressive or proinflammatory properties. These heterogeneous populations of mature and immature neutrophils are indicated with a variety of names, including 'low density neutrophils (LDNs)', 'low density granulocytes (LDGs)', 'granulocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs)', and immunosuppressive neutrophils. However, due to the lack of discrete markers that can unequivocally allow their specific identification and isolation, the precise phenotype and function of all these presumably novel, neutrophil-like, populations have not been correctly defined yet. Aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge on the mature and immature neutrophil populations described to date, featuring immunosuppressive or proinflammatory properties, often defined as 'subsets', as well as to critically discuss unresolved issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Scapini
- Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Olivia Marini
- Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Stahl M, Gedrich R, Peck R, LaVallee T, Eder JP. Targeting KIT on innate immune cells to enhance the antitumor activity of checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:767-74. [PMID: 27349976 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as mast cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are key components of the tumor microenvironment. Recent evidence indicates that levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in melanoma patients are associated with poor survival to checkpoint inhibitors. This suggests that targeting both the innate and adaptive suppressive components of the immune system will maximize clinical benefit and elicit more durable responses in cancer patients. Preclinical data suggest that targeting signaling by the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT, particularly on mast cells, may modulate innate immune cell numbers and activity in tumors. Here, we review data highlighting the importance of the KIT signaling in regulating antitumor immune responses and the potential benefit of combining selective KIT inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Stahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Gedrich
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, 300 George Street Suite 530, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald Peck
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, 300 George Street Suite 530, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Theresa LaVallee
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals, 300 George Street Suite 530, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Paul Eder
- Department of Medical Oncology & Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, WWW211, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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50
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Hughes A, Yong ASM. Immune Effector Recovery in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Treatment-Free Remission. Front Immunol 2017; 8:469. [PMID: 28484463 PMCID: PMC5402174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological cancer, characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 [t(9;22)], producing the Bcr-Abl oncogene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent the standard of care for CML patients and exert a dual mode of action: direct oncokinase inhibition and restoration of effector-mediated immune surveillance, which is rendered dysfunctional in CML patients at diagnosis, prior to TKI therapy. TKIs such as imatinib, and more potent second-generation nilotinib and dasatinib induce a high rate of deep molecular response (DMR, BCR-ABL1 ≤ 0.01%) in CML patients. As a result, the more recent goal of therapy in CML treatment is to induce a durable DMR as a prelude to successful treatment-free remission (TFR), which occurs in approximately half of all CML patients who cease TKI therapy. The lack of overt relapse in such patients has been attributed to immunological control of CML. In this review, we discuss an immunological timeline to successful TFR, focusing on the immunology of CML during TKI treatment; an initial period of immune suppression, limiting antitumor immune effector responses in newly diagnosed CML patients, linked to an expansion of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells and aberrant expression of immune checkpoint signaling pathways, including programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1. Commencement of TKI treatment is associated with immune system re-activation and restoration of effector-mediated [natural killer (NK) cell and T cell] immune surveillance in CML patients, albeit with differing frequencies in concert with differing levels of molecular response achieved on TKI. DMR is associated with maximal restoration of immune recovery in CML patients on TKI. Current data suggest a net balance between both the effector and suppressor arms of the immune system, at a minimum involving mature, cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells may be important in mediating TFR success. However, a major goal remains in CML to identify the most effective pathways to target to maximize an advantageous immune response and promote TFR success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hughes
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agnes S M Yong
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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