1
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Sun H, Wienkers LC, Lee A. Beyond Cytotoxic Potency: Disposition Features Required to Design ADC Payload. Xenobiotica 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39017706 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2381139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated impressive clinical usefulness in treating several types of cancer, with the notion of widening of the therapeutic index of the cytotoxic payload through the minimization of the systemic toxicity. Therefore, choosing the most appropriate payload molecule is a particularly important part of the early design phase of ADC development, especially given the highly competitive environment ADCs find themselves in today. The focus of the current review is to describe critical attributes/considerations needed in the discovery and ultimately development of cytotoxic payloads in support of ADC design. In addition to potency, several key dispositional characteristics including solubility, permeability and bystander effect, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and drug-drug interactions, are described as being an integral part of the integrated activities required in the design of clinically safe and useful ADC therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences, Pfizer Oncology Division, Pfizer, Inc., Bothell, Washington 98021
| | - Larry C Wienkers
- Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences, Pfizer Oncology Division, Pfizer, Inc., Bothell, Washington 98021
| | - Anthony Lee
- Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences, Pfizer Oncology Division, Pfizer, Inc., Bothell, Washington 98021
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2
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Brasó-Maristany F, Ferrero-Cafiero JM, Falato C, Martínez-Sáez O, Cejalvo JM, Margelí M, Tolosa P, Salvador-Bofill FJ, Cruz J, González-Farré B, Sanfeliu E, Òdena A, Serra V, Pardo F, Luna Barrera AM, Arumi M, Guerra JA, Villacampa G, Sánchez-Bayona R, Ciruelos E, Espinosa-Bravo M, Izarzugaza Y, Galván P, Matito J, Pernas S, Vidal M, Santhanagopal A, Sellami D, Esker S, Fan PD, Suto F, Vivancos A, Pascual T, Prat A, Oliveira M. Patritumab deruxtecan in HER2-negative breast cancer: part B results of the window-of-opportunity SOLTI-1805 TOT-HER3 trial and biological determinants of early response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5826. [PMID: 38992028 PMCID: PMC11239918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) exhibits promising efficacy in breast cancer, with its activity not directly correlated to baseline ERBB3/HER3 levels. This research investigates the genetic factors affecting HER3-DXd's response in women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. In the SOLTI-1805 TOT-HER3 trial, a single HER3-DXd dose was administered to 98 patients across two parts: 78 patients received 6.4 mg/kg (Part A), and 44 received a lower 5.6 mg/kg dose (Part B). The CelTIL score, measuring tumor cellularity and infiltrating lymphocytes from baseline to day 21, was used to assess drug activity. Part A demonstrated increased CelTIL score after one dose of HER3-DXd. Here we report CelTIL score and safety for Part B. In addition, the exploratory analyses of part A involve a comprehensive study of gene expression, somatic mutations, copy-number segments, and DNA-based subtypes, while Part B focuses on validating gene expression. RNA analyses show significant correlations between CelTIL responses, high proliferation genes (e.g., CCNE1, MKI67), and low expression of luminal genes (e.g., NAT1, SLC39A6). DNA findings indicate that CelTIL response is significantly associated with TP53 mutations, proliferation, non-luminal signatures, and a distinct DNA-based subtype (DNADX cluster-3). Critically, low HER2DX ERBB2 mRNA, correlates with increased HER3-DXd activity, which is validated through in vivo patient-derived xenograft models. This study proposes chemosensitivity determinants, DNA-based subtype classification, and low ERBB2 expression as potential markers for HER3-DXd activity in HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Reveal Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Institute and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudette Falato
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Sáez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Institute and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Breast Cancer Biology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia Margelí
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, ICO - Institut Català d' Oncologia Badalona (Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol), Badalona, Spain
| | - Pablo Tolosa
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Salvador-Bofill
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Josefina Cruz
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Blanca González-Farré
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Sanfeliu
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Òdena
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Pardo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Reveal Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Arumi
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Espinosa-Bravo
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Surgical Unit, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Izarzugaza
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Galván
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Reveal Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Matito
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vidal
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Institute and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anu Santhanagopal
- Research and Development, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Dalila Sellami
- Research and Development, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen Esker
- Research and Development, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Pang-Dian Fan
- Research and Development, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Fumitaka Suto
- Research and Development, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Pascual
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Institute and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.
- Reveal Genomics, Barcelona, Spain.
- Cancer Institute and Blood Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Oncology (IOB)-Hospital Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Papa F, Grinda T, Rassy E, Cheickh-Hussin R, Ribeiro J, Antonuzzo L, Pistilli B. Long road towards effective HER3 targeting in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102786. [PMID: 38885540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing multiple different subtypes. Thanks to the increasing knowledge of the diverse biological features of each subtype, most patients receive personalized treatment based on known biomarkers. However, the role of some biomarkers in breast cancer evolution is still unknown, and their potential use as a therapeutic target is still underexplored. HER3 is a member of the human epidermal growth factors receptor family, overexpressed in 50%-70% of breast cancers. HER3 plays a key role in cancer progression, metastasis development, and drug resistance across all the breast cancer subtypes. Owing to its critical role in cancer progression, many HER3-targeting therapies have been developed over the past decade with conflicting findings. Next-generation antibody-drug conjugates have recently shown promising results in solid tumors expressing HER3, including breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the HER3 role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and its relevance across all subtypes. We also explore the new anti-HER3 treatment strategies, calling into question the significance of HER3 detection as crucial information in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Papa
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Florence University, Italy
| | - Thomas Grinda
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Joana Ribeiro
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Barbara Pistilli
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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4
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Grammoustianou M, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Koutras A. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1801. [PMID: 38791880 PMCID: PMC11120191 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women. The vast majority of breast cancer patients have hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors. In advanced HR+ breast cancer, the combination of endocrine therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors is considered the standard of care in the front-line setting. Nevertheless, resistance to hormonal therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors eventually occurs, leading to progression of the disease. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise a promising therapeutic choice with significant efficacy in patients with HR+ breast cancer, which is resistant to endocrine treatment. ADCs typically consist of a cytotoxic payload attached by a linker to a monoclonal antibody that targets a specific tumor-associated antigen, offering the advantage of a more selective delivery of chemotherapy to cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the ADC mechanisms of action, their toxicity profile and therapeutic uses as well as on related biomarkers and future perspectives in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grammoustianou
- Oncology Department, Sotiria General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Breast Cancer Survivorship Research Group, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;
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5
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Yu HA, Baik C, Kim DW, Johnson ML, Hayashi H, Nishio M, Yang JCH, Su WC, Gold KA, Koczywas M, Smit EF, Steuer CE, Felip E, Murakami H, Kim SW, Su X, Sato S, Fan PD, Fujimura M, Tanaka Y, Patel P, Sternberg DW, Sellami D, Jänne PA. Translational insights and overall survival in the U31402-A-U102 study of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:437-447. [PMID: 38369013 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is broadly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the target of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a HER3 antibody attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. U31402-A-U102 is an ongoing phase I study of HER3-DXd in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC that progressed after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks had a confirmed objective response rate (cORR) of 39%. We present median overall survival (OS) with extended follow-up in a larger population of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and an exploratory analysis in those with acquired genomic alterations potentially associated with resistance to HER3-DXd. PATIENTS AND METHODS Safety was assessed in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC previously treated with EGFR TKI who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg; efficacy was assessed in those who also had prior PBC. RESULTS In the safety population (N = 102), median treatment duration was 5.5 (range 0.7-27.5) months. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 76.5% of patients; the overall safety profile was consistent with previous reports. In 78/102 patients who had prior third-generation EGFR TKI and PBC, cORR by blinded independent central review (as per RECIST v1.1) was 41.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 30.0% to 52.7%], median progression-free survival was 6.4 (95% CI 4.4-10.8) months, and median OS was 16.2 (95% CI 11.2-21.9) months. Patients had diverse mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance at baseline. At tumor progression, acquired mutations in ERBB3 and TOP1 that might confer resistance to HER3-DXd were identified. CONCLUSIONS In patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR TKI and PBC, HER3-DXd treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful OS. The tumor biomarker characterization comprised the first description of potential mechanisms of resistance to HER3-DXd therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Aged
- Mutation
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Aged, 80 and over
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/adverse effects
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Yu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
| | - C Baik
- University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - D-W Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | | | - M Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J C-H Yang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City
| | - W-C Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - K A Gold
- Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego
| | | | - E F Smit
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Steuer
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S-W Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - X Su
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - S Sato
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - P-D Fan
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - Y Tanaka
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P Patel
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - D Sellami
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P A Jänne
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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6
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Mok T, Jänne PA, Nishio M, Novello S, Reck M, Steuer C, Wu YL, Fougeray R, Fan PD, Meng J, Sternberg DW, Esker S, Yu HA. HERTHENA-Lung02: phase III study of patritumab deruxtecan in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC after a third-generation EGFR TKI. Future Oncol 2024; 20:969-980. [PMID: 38095056 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
After disease progression on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who are then treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) obtain only limited clinical benefit with transient responses. Therapies with greater efficacy and tolerable safety profiles are needed in this setting. The receptor tyrosine kinase HER3 is widely expressed in NSCLC, and increased expression is associated with poor treatment outcomes. In the U31402-A-U102 phase I trial, HER3-DXd showed promising antitumor activity with manageable safety in heavily pre-treated patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC across a range of tumor HER3 expression levels and EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms. HERTHENA-Lung02 is the first phase III trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HER3-DXd versus PBC in patients with progression on a third-generation EGFR TKI. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05338970 (clinicaltrials.gov); 2021-005879-40 (EudraCT Number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong PRC
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Silvia Novello
- Oncology Department at San Luigi Hospital in Orbassano, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Conor Steuer
- Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Ronan Fougeray
- Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Pang-Dian Fan
- Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Jie Meng
- Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - David W Sternberg
- Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Stephen Esker
- Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | - Helena A Yu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Zeng H, Wang W, Zhang L, Lin Z. HER3-targeted therapy: the mechanism of drug resistance and the development of anticancer drugs. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:14. [PMID: 38835349 PMCID: PMC11149107 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), which is part of the HER family, is aberrantly expressed in various human cancers. Since HER3 only has weak tyrosine kinase activity, when HER3 ligand neuregulin 1 (NRG1) or neuregulin 2 (NRG2) appears, activated HER3 contributes to cancer development and drug resistance by forming heterodimers with other receptors, mainly including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Inhibition of HER3 and its downstream signaling, including PI3K/AKT, MEK/MAPK, JAK/STAT, and Src kinase, is believed to be necessary to conquer drug resistance and improve treatment efficiency. Until now, despite multiple anti-HER3 antibodies undergoing preclinical and clinical studies, none of the HER3-targeted therapies are licensed for utilization in clinical cancer treatment because of their safety and efficacy. Therefore, the development of HER3-targeted drugs possessing safety, tolerability, and sensitivity is crucial for clinical cancer treatment. This review summarizes the progress of the mechanism of HER3 in drug resistance, the HER3-targeted therapies that are conducted in preclinical and clinical trials, and some emerging molecules that could be used as future designed drugs for HER3, aiming to provide insights for future research and development of anticancer drugs targeting HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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8
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Mehrotra S, Kupani M, Kaur J, Kaur J, Pandey RK. Immunotherapy guided precision medicine in solid tumors. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:249-292. [PMID: 38762271 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is no longer recognized as a single disease but a collection of diseases each with its defining characteristics and behavior. Even within the same cancer type, there can be substantial heterogeneity at the molecular level. Cancer cells often accumulate various genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations over time, leading to a coexistence of distinct subpopulations of cells within the tumor. This tumor heterogeneity arises not only due to clonal outgrowth of cells with genetic mutations, but also due to interactions of tumor cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The latter is a dynamic ecosystem that includes cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix components, tumor-associated macrophages and secreted molecules. The complex interplay between tumor heterogeneity and the TME makes it difficult to develop one-size-fits-all treatments and is often the cause of therapeutic failure and resistance in solid cancers. Technological advances in the post-genomic era have given us cues regarding spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Armed with this knowledge, oncologists are trying to target the unique genomic, epigenetic, and molecular landscape in the tumor cell that causes its oncogenic transformation in a particular patient. This has ushered in the era of personalized precision medicine (PPM). Immunotherapy, on the other hand, involves leveraging the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells and spare healthy cells from the damage induced by radiation and chemotherapy. Combining PPM and immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment and has emerged as a promising treatment modality for several solid cancers. In this chapter, we summarise major types of cancer immunotherapy and discuss how they are being used for precision medicine in different solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Manu Kupani
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jaismeen Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Research and Development-Protein Biology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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9
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Bardia A, Jhaveri K, Kalinsky K, Pernas S, Tsurutani J, Xu B, Hamilton E, Im SA, Nowecki Z, Sohn J, Laurentiis MD, Jañez NM, Adamo B, Lee KS, Jung KH, Rubovszky G, Tseng LM, Lu YS, Yuan Y, Maxwell MJ, Haddad V, Khan SS, Rugo HS, Pistilli B. TROPION-Breast01: Datopotamab deruxtecan vs chemotherapy in pre-treated inoperable or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Future Oncol 2024; 20:423-436. [PMID: 37387213 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the prognosis for patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer remains an unmet need. Patients with tumors that have progressed on endocrine therapy and/or are not eligible for endocrine therapy had limited treatment options beyond chemotherapy. Antibody-drug conjugates are a novel and promising treatment class in this setting. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) consists of a TROP2-directed humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody attached via a serum-stable cleavable linker to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. TROPION-Breast01 is an ongoing phase III study that is evaluating the efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd compared with investigator's choice of standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with inoperable or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer who have received one or two prior lines of systemic chemotherapy in the inoperable or metastatic setting. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05104866 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Binghe Xu
- National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute / Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zbigniew Nowecki
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Noelia Martínez Jañez
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Adamo
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Formerly City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Currently: Cedars-Sinai Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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11
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Wang X, Wu H, Tang L, Fu W, He Y, Zeng C, Wang WE. The novel antibody fusion protein rhNRG1-HER3i promotes heart regeneration by enhancing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:26-37. [PMID: 38150867 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). The NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the therapeutic potential of recombinant human NRG1 (rhNRG1) has been limited due to the low expression of ERBB4 in adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether a fusion protein of rhNRG1 and an ERBB3 inhibitor (rhNRG1-HER3i) could enhance the affinity of NRG1 for ERBB4 and promote adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, and adult cardiomyocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression and activity of ERBB4. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was evaluated using Ki67 and pH 3 immunostaining, while fibrosis was assessed using Masson staining. Our results indicate that rhNRG1-HER3i, but not rhNRG1, promoted P7 and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, rhNRG1-HER3i improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis in post-MI hearts. Administration of rhNRG1-HER3i inhibited ERBB3 phosphorylation while increasing ERBB4 phosphorylation in adult mouse hearts. Additionally, rhNRG1-HER3i enhanced angiogenesis following MI compared to rhNRG1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rhNRG1-HER3i is a viable therapeutic approach for promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and treating MI by enhancing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Luxun Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Wenbin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yanji He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China; Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400722, China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, China.
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12
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Chakraborty B, Agarwal S, Kori S, Das R, Kashaw V, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. Multiple Protein Biomarkers and Different Treatment Strategies for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Prospective. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3286-3326. [PMID: 37151060 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230505165031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we emphasized important biomarkers, pathogenesis, and newly developed therapeutic approaches in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This includes a complete description of small-molecule inhibitors, phytopharmaceuticals with antiproliferative potential, monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapy, vaccinations as immunotherapeutic agents, and many innovative strategies to intervene in the interaction of oncogenic proteins. Many factors combine to determine the clinical behavior of colorectal cancer and it is still difficult to comprehend the molecular causes of a person's vulnerability to CRC. It is also challenging to identify the causes of the tumor's onset, progression, and responsiveness or resistance to antitumor treatment. Current recommendations for targeted medications are being updated by guidelines throughout the world in light of the growing number of high-quality clinical studies. So, being concerned about the aforementioned aspects, we have tried to present a summarized pathogenic view, including a brief description of biomarkers and an update of compounds with their underlying mechanisms that are currently under various stages of clinical testing. This will help to identify gaps or shortfalls that can be addressed in upcoming colorectal cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Chakraborty
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivam Kori
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
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13
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Krop IE, Masuda N, Mukohara T, Takahashi S, Nakayama T, Inoue K, Iwata H, Yamamoto Y, Alvarez RH, Toyama T, Takahashi M, Osaki A, Saji S, Sagara Y, O'Shaughnessy J, Ohwada S, Koyama K, Inoue T, Li L, Patel P, Mostillo J, Tanaka Y, Sternberg DW, Sellami D, Yonemori K. Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Patients With Previously Treated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3-Expressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase I/II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5550-5560. [PMID: 37801674 PMCID: PMC10730028 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is broadly expressed in breast cancer; high expression is associated with an adverse prognosis. Patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) is an investigational HER3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate that is being evaluated as a novel treatment in HER3-expressing advanced breast cancer in the U31402-A-J101 study. METHODS Adults with disease progression on previous therapies were eligible. Patients in the dose-escalation, dose-finding, and dose-expansion parts received HER3-DXd 1.6-8.0 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks or one of two alternative dosing regimens. In the dose-escalation part, the primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended dose for expansion (RDE). The safety and efficacy of the RDE were assessed during dose expansion. RESULTS One hundred eighty-two enrolled patients received ≥1 dose of HER3-DXd. Patients had a median of five previous therapies for advanced disease. Efficacy results are reported across clinical subtypes: hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-negative) breast cancer (n = 113; objective response rate [ORR], 30.1%; median progression-free survival [mPFS], 7.4 months), triple-negative breast cancer (n = 53; ORR, 22.6%; mPFS, 5.5 months), and HER2-positive breast cancer (n = 14; ORR, 42.9%; mPFS, 11.0 months). Objective responses were observed in cancers with HER3-high and HER3-low membrane expression. Dose-limiting toxicities observed during dose selection were decreased platelet count and elevated aminotransferases. In dose expansion, GI and hematologic toxicities were the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) observed. Grade ≥3 TEAEs were observed in 71.4% of patients, and 9.9% discontinued treatment because of TEAEs. Three grade 3 and one grade 5 treatment-related interstitial lung disease events occurred. CONCLUSION HER3-DXd demonstrated a manageable safety profile and durable efficacy in heavily pretreated patients across clinical subtypes. These data warrant further evaluation of HER3-DXd in patients with HER3-expressing metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Shunji Takahashi
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Osaki
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Hakuaikai Social Medical Corporation, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Li
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ
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14
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Linguanti F, Abenavoli EM, Calabretta R, Berti V, Lopci E. ImmunoPET Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5886. [PMID: 38136430 PMCID: PMC10741542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases, or RTKs, are one large family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction, which represent an integral part of the signaling pathways. They play a crucial role in most important cellular processes, starting with the cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, as well as cell migration, metabolism and survival. The introduction of ImmunoPET evaluating the expression of RTKs by specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antibody fragments is regarded as a promising tool for imaging treatment efficacy and developing anticancer therapeutics. Our review focuses mainly on the current clinical research regarding ImmunoPET targeting RTKs, with particular interest in the epidermal growth factor family, or HER family, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor/receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ospedale San Donato, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Calabretta
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Berti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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15
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Yu HA, Goto Y, Hayashi H, Felip E, Chih-Hsin Yang J, Reck M, Yoh K, Lee SH, Paz-Ares L, Besse B, Bironzo P, Kim DW, Johnson ML, Wu YL, John T, Kao S, Kozuki T, Massarelli E, Patel J, Smit E, Reckamp KL, Dong Q, Shrestha P, Fan PD, Patel P, Sporchia A, Sternberg DW, Sellami D, Jänne PA. HERTHENA-Lung01, a Phase II Trial of Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5363-5375. [PMID: 37689979 PMCID: PMC10713116 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patritumab deruxtecan, or HER3-DXd, is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a fully human monoclonal antibody to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a stable tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. We assessed the efficacy and safety of HER3-DXd in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04619004) was designed to evaluate HER3-DXd in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC previously treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). Patients received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks or an uptitration regimen (3.2 → 4.8 → 6.4 mg/kg). The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.1) by blinded independent central review (BICR), with a null hypothesis of 26.4% on the basis of historical data. RESULTS Enrollment into the uptitration arm closed early on the basis of a prespecified benefit-risk assessment of data from the phase I U31402-A-U102 trial. In total, 225 patients received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. As of May 18, 2023, median study duration was 18.9 (range, 14.9-27.5) months. Confirmed ORR by BICR was 29.8% (95% CI, 23.9 to 36.2); median duration of response, 6.4 months; median progression-free survival, 5.5 months; and median overall survival, 11.9 months. The subgroup of patients with previous osimertinib and PBC had similar outcomes. Efficacy was observed across a broad range of pretreatment tumor HER3 membrane expression levels and across diverse mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance. In patients with nonirradiated brain metastases at baseline (n = 30), the confirmed CNS ORR by BICR per CNS RECIST was 33.3% (95% CI, 17.3 to 52.8). The safety profile (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0) was manageable and tolerable, consistent with previous observations. CONCLUSION After tumor progression with EGFR TKI therapy and PBC in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, HER3-DXd once every 3 weeks demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy with durable responses, including in CNS metastases. A phase III trial in EGFR-mutated NSCLC after progression on an EGFR TKI is ongoing (HERTHENA-Lung02; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05338970).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Universidad Complutense and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Kao
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toshiyuki Kozuki
- National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Egbert Smit
- Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen L. Reckamp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qian Dong
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pasi A. Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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16
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Kojima Y, Yoshida H, Okuya T, Okuma HS, Nishikawa T, Tanioka M, Sudo K, Noguchi E, Shimoi T, Tamura K, Tanase Y, Uno M, Ishikawa M, Arakaki M, Ichikawa H, Yagishita S, Hamada A, Fujiwara Y, Yonemori K, Kato T. Therapeutic target biomarkers of patient-derived xenograft models of gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2023; 50:101302. [PMID: 38054200 PMCID: PMC10694048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2023.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most cervical adenocarcinomas are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma (GAS), an HPV-independent adenocarcinoma, shows an aggressive clinical feature, resulting in a poor prognosis. Resistance to chemotherapy poses a difficulty in managing patients with metastatic GAS. We aimed to establish patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of tumors from two patients with GAS and evaluated protein biomarkers for drug development using immunohistochemistry. Methods Two PDXs were established 78 and 48 days after transplanting the patient's tumor tissues into immunodeficient mice, respectively. PDX and patient's tumor samples were stained for HER2, HER3, PMS2, MSH6, PanTrk, and ARID1A to evaluate biomarkers for therapeutic targets. In addition, whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on available samples. Results The pathological findings in morphological features and immunohistochemical profiles from the established PDXs were similar to those from the patients' surgical tumor specimens. HER3 was overexpressed in the patient's tumors, and the corresponding PDX tumors and HER2 was weakly stained in both types of tumor samples. In all PDX and patient tumor samples, PMS2, MSH6, and ARID1A were retained, and PanTrk was not expressed. In addition, a total of 10 samples, including tumor tissue samples from 8 other GAS patients, were evaluated for HER3 expression scores, all of which were 2 + or higher. Conclusions In summary, we evaluated biomarkers for therapeutic targets using newly established PDX models of GAS. Frequent HER3 overexpression and HER2 expression in GAS tumors suggest the possibility of new treatments for patients with GAS by targeting HER3 and HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kojima
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okuya
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitomi S Okuma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Maki Tanioka
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Emi Noguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanase
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Uno
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoko Arakaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Capone E, Tryggvason T, Cela I, Dufrusine B, Pinti M, Del Pizzo F, Gunnarsdottir HS, Grottola T, De Laurenzi V, Iacobelli S, Lattanzio R, Sala G. HER-3 surface expression increases in advanced colorectal cancer representing a potential therapeutic target. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:400. [PMID: 37898642 PMCID: PMC10613198 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HER-3 (also known as ErbB-3) is a human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases family member, and its expression in CRC (colorectal cancer) tissues was previously associated with poor prognosis. In this study, HER-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in two cohorts of early and advanced metastatic CRC patients. The first cohort included 180 patients diagnosed with CRC in absence of lymph nodes or distant metastases (Stage I and Stage II), while the second was obtained from 53 advanced metastatic CRC patients who developed synchronous (SM) and metachronous (MM) liver metastases. In the first early-stage CRC cohort, 86 out of 180 (47.8%) tumors showed membranous expression of HER-3, with a mean percentage of positive tumor cells of 25.7%; conversely, in advanced metastatic CRC primary tumors, HER-3 was detected in all specimens, with a mean percentage of positive tumor cells of 76.1%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that in the advanced metastatic CRC group, patients with HER-3high tumors had a significantly lower Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) rate compared to patients with HER-3low tumors (p = 0.021). Importantly, this worse CSS rate was observed only in the MM subgroup of patients with HER-3high tumors (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high HER-3 expression represents a significant and strong risk factor for death in patients developing MM liver metastases (Hazard Ratio = 64.9; 95% Confidence Interval, 4.7-886.6; p = 0.002). In addition, using a specific anti-HER-3 antibody-drug conjugate, named EV20/MMAF, we showed that HER-3 + CRC cells can be efficiently targeted in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study confirms that surface HER-3 is highly expressed in CRC and reveals that HER-3 expression increases in metastatic CRC patients compared to early stage. Importantly, the results suggest that HER-3 has a prognostic and therapeutic value in patients developing MM liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thordur Tryggvason
- Department of Pathology, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Morena Pinti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Pizzo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Grottola
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Casa di Cura Pierangeli, 65124, Pescara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "Gabriele d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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18
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Weng W, Meng T, Pu J, Ma L, Shen Y, Wang Z, Pan R, Wang M, Chen C, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhou B, Shao S, Qian Y, Liu S, Hu W, Meng X. AMT-562, a Novel HER3-targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates a Potential to Broaden Therapeutic Opportunities for HER3-expressing Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1013-1027. [PMID: 37302522 PMCID: PMC10477830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
HER3 is a unique member of the EGFR family of tyrosine kinases, which is broadly expressed in several cancers, including breast, lung, pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, prostate, and bladder cancers and is often associated with poor patient outcomes and therapeutic resistance. U3-1402/Patritumab-GGFG-DXd is the first successful HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. However, over 60% of patients are nonresponsive to U3-1402 due to low target expression levels and responses tend to be in patients with higher target expression levels. U3-1402 is also ineffective in more challenging tumor types such as colorectal cancer. AMT-562 was generated by a novel anti-HER3 antibody Ab562 and a modified self-immolative PABC spacer (T800) to conjugate exatecan. Exatecan showed higher cytotoxic potency than its derivative DXd. Ab562 was selected because of its moderate affinity for minimizing potential toxicity and improving tumor penetration purposes. Both alone or in combination therapies, AMT-562 showed potent and durable antitumor response in low HER3 expression xenograft and heterogeneous patient-derived xenograft/organoid models, including digestive system and lung tumors representing of unmet needs. Combination therapies pairing AMT-562 with therapeutic antibodies, inhibitors of CHEK1, KRAS, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor showed higher synergistic efficacy than Patritumab-GGFG-DXd. Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of AMT-562 were favorable and the highest dose lacking severe toxicity was 30 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. AMT-562 has potential to be a superior HER3-targeting ADC with a higher therapeutic window that can overcome resistance to generate higher percentage and more durable responses in U3-1402-insensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Weng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Meng
- MabCare Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
- HySlink Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Ma
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Rong Pan
- Abmart Inc, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Caiwei Chen
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Biao Zhou
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Shao
- Shanghai OneTar Biomedicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xun Meng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Abmart Inc, Shanghai, P.R. China
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19
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Montero JC, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Sayagués JM, Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Muñoz A, Pandiella A. An amino acid transporter subunit as an antibody-drug conjugate target in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:200. [PMID: 37559159 PMCID: PMC10410906 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is difficult to treat. For that reason, the development of novel therapeutics is necessary. Here we describe a potentially actionable plasma membrane target, the amino acid transporter protein subunit CD98hc. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of CD98hc protein expression were carried out on paired normal and tumoral tissues from patients with CRC. Immunofluorescence and western studies were used to characterize the action of a DM1-based CD98hc-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). MTT and Annexin V studies were performed to evaluate the effect of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on cell proliferation and apoptosis. CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA were used to explore the specificity of the ADC. In vitro analyses of the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on 3D patient-derived normal as well as tumoral organoids were also carried out. Xenografted CRC cells and a PDX were used to analyze the antitumoral properties of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. RESULTS Genomic as well proteomic analyses of paired normal and tumoral samples showed that CD98hc expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissues as compared to levels of CD98hc present in the normal colonic tissue. In human CRC cell lines, an ADC that recognized the CD98hc ectodomain, reached the lysosomes and exerted potent antitumoral activity. The specificity of the CD98hc-directed ADC was demonstrated using CRC cells in which CD98hc was decreased by shRNA or deleted using CRISPR/Cas9. Studies in patient-derived organoids verified the antitumoral action of the anti-CD98hc-ADC, which largely spared normal tissue-derived colon organoids. In vivo studies using xenografted CRC cells or patient-derived xenografts confirmed the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. CONCLUSIONS The studies herewith reported indicate that CD98hc may represent a novel ADC target that, upon well-designed clinical trials, could be used to increase the therapeutic armamentarium against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Sayagués
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Koganemaru S, Kawai T, Fuchigami H, Maeda N, Koyama K, Kuboki Y, Mukohara T, Doi T, Yasunaga M. Quantitative analysis of drug distribution in heterogeneous tissues using dual-stacking capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:762-774. [PMID: 36377519 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intratumour heterogeneity frequently leads to drug resistance, which is a major issue in drug discovery. Drug distribution is one of the key factors for elucidating the resistance mechanism; however, quantitative and regional drug measurement is challenging. Here, we developed a novel ultra-sensitive analytical method and applied it to HER3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), aiming to explore its payload (DXd) distribution within heterogeneous tissues. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The developed analytical method is named LDMS-CE-MS, a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupled with a novel sample preconcentration/separation method called "large-volume dual-sample stacking by micelle collapse and sweeping (LDMS)". First, the analytical performance of LDMS-CE-MS for DXd detection was evaluated. Subsequently, we evaluated the bystander effect of HER3-DXd, where tumour tissues were excised from xenograft models and clinical specimens after administration of HER3-DXd. HER3-high expression, adjacent, and HER3-low expression regions were then sampled by laser microdissection to quantify the released DXd. KEY RESULTS LDMS concentrated DXd by 1000-fold and separated it from the hydrophilic bio-matrix through continuous capture and release by the charged micelles, allowing quantification at sub-attomole-level. DXd concentrations decreased in the order of antigen-high expression > adjacent > antigen-low expression regions in the tumour xenograft model, whereas in clinical specimens, adjacent and antigen-high expression regions had approximately the same concentration. These distributions represent a bystander effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our LDMS-CE-MS successfully visualized the attomole-level drug distributions in heterogeneous clinical specimens. This new platform opens a new era of quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis, facilitating drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Koganemaru
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Fuchigami
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Translational Science Department I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Koyama
- Translational Science Department I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuboki
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toru Mukohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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21
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Antibody-drug conjugates in lung cancer: dawn of a new era? NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:5. [PMID: 36631624 PMCID: PMC9834242 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of fastest growing classes of oncology drugs in modern drug development. By harnessing the powers of both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy, ADCs are unique in offering the potential to deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents to cancer cells which express a pre-defined cell surface target. In lung cancer, the treatment paradigm has shifted dramatically in recent years, and now ADCs are now joining the list as potential options for lung cancer patients. Since 2020, the first ADC for NSCLC patients has been FDA-approved (trastuzumab deruxtecan) and two ADCs have been granted FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation, currently under evaluation (patritumab deruxtecan, telisotuzumab vedotin). Furthermore, several early-phase trials are assessing various novel ADCs, either as monotherapy or in combinations with advanced lung cancer, and more selective and potent ADCs are expected to become therapeutic options in clinic soon. In this review, we discuss the structure and mechanism of action of ADCs, including insights from pre-clinical work; we summarize the ADCs' recent progress in lung cancer, describe toxicity profiles of ADCs, and explore strategies designed to enhance ADC potency and overcome resistance. In addition, we discuss novel ADC strategies of interest in lung cancer, including non-cytotoxic payloads, such as immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic agents.
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22
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Lu Y, Shimizu S, Sawamura R, Tajima N, He L, Lee M, Abutarif M, Shi R. Population Pharmacokinetics of Patritumab Deruxtecan in Patients With Solid Tumors. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:77-90. [PMID: 36053771 PMCID: PMC10087001 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patritumab deruxtecan is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a fully human monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. As part of the pharmacometric analysis informing dose selection for later-stage development, population pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis of patritumab deruxtecan was conducted with pooled serum PK data from patients with HER3-expressing solid tumors (from 3 phase 1/2 studies in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer; N = 425) treated over the dose range of 1.6 to 8.0 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks. Population PK modeling for deruxtecan (DXd)-conjugated antibody (representing patritumab deruxtecan) and unconjugated MAAA-1181a (DXd, payload) was carried out sequentially. DXd-conjugated antibody PK was described using a 2-compartment model with parallel linear and nonlinear clearance. Unconjugated DXd PK was described using a 1-compartment model with linear clearance and release of DXd as a first-order, time-dependent function of the level of DXd-conjugated antibody in the central compartment. Preliminary covariate evaluation was conducted for prespecified covariates of pharmacological plausibility and clinical interest. The final model retained weight (on linear clearance and central volume) and albumin level, sex, and tumor type (on linear clearance) for DXd-conjugated antibody, and weight (on release rate constant) and hepatic function (on clearance) for unconjugated DXd. Effects of these covariates on the exposure metrics were generally mild and did not require dose adjustment for subpopulations in subsequent development. Further PK characterization for patritumab deruxtecan will evolve with emerging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Lu
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ling He
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark Lee
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rong Shi
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Sun H, Xu J, Dai S, Ma Y, Sun T. Breast cancer brain metastasis: Current evidence and future directions. Cancer Med 2023; 12:1007-1024. [PMID: 35822637 PMCID: PMC9883555 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths after lung cancer. Metastasis of the central nervous system is a terrible event for breast cancer patients, affecting their survival and quality of life. Compared with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer patients, brain metastases are more likely to affect patients with triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. The treatment of breast cancer has improved greatly in the last two decades. However, brain metastases from breast cancer remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with breast cancer brain metastasis have been in an inferior position due to the lack of clinical research in this field, and they are often explicitly excluded from almost all clinical trials. The occurrence and progression of brain metastases will result in severe cognitive impairment and adverse physical consequences, so we must have a good understanding of the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastasis. In this article, we have retrieved the latest literature of molecules and pathways associated with breast cancer brain metastasis, summarized common therapy strategies, and discussed the prospects and clinical implications of targeting the molecules involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Gandullo-Sánchez L, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. HER3 in cancer: from the bench to the bedside. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:310. [PMID: 36271429 PMCID: PMC9585794 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting cell proliferation, implicate that targeting HER3 may have therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, expression and activation of HER3 has been linked to resistance to drugs that target other HER receptors such as agents that act on EGFR or HER2. In addition, HER3 has been associated to resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Because of those circumstances, efforts to develop and test agents targeting HER3 have been carried out. Two types of agents targeting HER3 have been developed. The most abundant are antibodies or engineered antibody derivatives that specifically recognize the extracellular region of HER3. In addition, the use of aptamers specifically interacting with HER3, vaccines or HER3-targeting siRNAs have also been developed. Here we discuss the state of the art of the preclinical and clinical development of drugs aimed at targeting HER3 with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Han S, Lim KS, Blackburn BJ, Yun J, Putnam CW, Bull DA, Won YW. The Potential of Topoisomerase Inhibitor-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081707. [PMID: 36015333 PMCID: PMC9413092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that stabilize DNA supercoiling and resolve entanglements. Topoisomerase inhibitors have been widely used as anti-cancer drugs for the past 20 years. Due to their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage complexes, camptothecin and its derivatives are promising anti-cancer drugs. To increase accumulation of TOP1 inhibitors in cancer cells through the targeting of tumors, TOP1 inhibitor antibody–drug conjugates (TOP1-ADC) have been developed and marketed. Some TOP1-ADCs have shown enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to prototypical anti-cancer ADCs, such as T-DM1. Here, we review various types of camptothecin-based TOP1 inhibitors and recent developments in TOP1-ADCs. We then propose key points for the design and construction of TOP1-ADCs. Finally, we discuss promising combinatorial strategies, including newly developed approaches to maximizing the therapeutic potential of TOP1-ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Brody J. Blackburn
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jina Yun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - David A. Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence:
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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The HER family as therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 174:103681. [PMID: 35462030 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER, ErbB) family has four members, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4. Although distinct in ligands and functions, all of the HER family members are receptor tyrosine kinases playing important roles in the pathogenesis of cancers. In the era of precision medicine, the HER family is one of the most important and successful cancer therapeutic targets, hallmarked by the approval of anti-EGFR therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and anti-HER2 therapies for the treatment of breast cancer and gastric cancer. This review briefly discusses how HER family members were discovered, their functions and roles in cancer, and most importantly, the developmental history and recent updates of therapies targeting HER family members, with colorectal cancer as a focus. We also discussed the patient selection and drug resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Yu J, Fang T, Yun C, Liu X, Cai X. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family in Cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847835. [PMID: 35295841 PMCID: PMC8919033 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, which includes HER1 (also known as EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4, have played a central role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. The overexpression of the HER family has been recognized as one of the most common cellular dysregulation associated with a wide variety of tumor types. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a new and promising class of anticancer therapeutics that combine the cancer specificity of antibodies with cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Two HER2-directed ADCs, trastuzumane-emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab-deruxtecan (DS-8201a), have been approved for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 and 2019, respectively. A third HER2-directed ADC, disitamab vedotin (RC48), has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer by the NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) of China in 2021. A total of 11 ADCs that target HER family receptors (EGFR, HER2 or HER3) are currently under clinical trials. In this review article, we summarize the three approved ADCs (T-DM1, DS-8201a and RC48), together with the investigational EGFR-directed ADCs (ABT-414, MRG003 and M1231), HER2-directed ADCs (SYD985, ARX-788, A166, MRG002, ALT-P7, GQ1001 and SBT6050) and HER3-directed ADC (U3-1402). Lastly, we discuss the major challenges associated with the development of ADCs, and highlight the possible future directions to tackle these challenges.
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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Liu H, Jia D, Yuan F, Wang F, Wei D, Tang X, Tian B, Zheng S, Sun R, Shi J, Fan Q. Her3-specific affibody mediated tumor targeting delivery of ICG enhanced the photothermal therapy against Her3-positive tumors. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121609. [PMID: 35217073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT), mediated by tumor-targeted drug delivery of indocyanine green (ICG), is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (Her3) is highly expressed in several solid tumors and is an ideal target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. This study prepared a Her3-specific dimeric affibody (ZHer3) using an Escherichia coli expression system. The affibody could bind explicitly to Her3-positive MCF7 and LS174T cells, rather than to Her3-negative SKOV-3 cells in vitro. ICG was coupled with the ZHer3 affibody (ICG-ZHer3) through an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester reactive group for tumor-targeted delivery. As expected, Her3-positive cells were selectively and efficiently killed by ICG-ZHer3-mediated PTT in vitro. In vivo, ICG-ZHer3 preferentially accumulated in Her3-positive LS174T tumor grafts because of the tumor-targeting ability of the ZHer3 affibody. As a result of the local generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and hyperthermia, the growth rates of LS174T tumor grafts were significantly inhibited by ICG-ZHer3-mediated PTT, and ICG-ZHer3 showed good safety performance during short-term treatment. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ICG-ZHer3 is a promising photosensitizer for PTT against Her3-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Dianlong Jia
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Yuan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Danfeng Wei
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Baoqing Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Ruohan Sun
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China.
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Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041028. [PMID: 35205776 PMCID: PMC8869923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Late-stage colorectal cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation that can cause dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore there is great interest in developing targeted therapies for this disease. Immunotherapy is a targeted therapy that uses peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and provide an overview of predictive biomarkers for such treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments and sensitization of colorectal cancer patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. Abstract Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65–92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical investigations of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, anti-cancer vaccines, and immune system modulators have been promising, but demonstrate limitations for patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies investigating immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and predictive biomarkers for response to these treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity, and prevent acquired resistance and approaches to sensitize mismatch repair-proficient patients to immunotherapy.
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Evaluation of Fluorescence Intensity and Antitumor Effect Using Real-Time Imaging in Photoimmunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020223. [PMID: 35215338 PMCID: PMC8880675 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a promising tumor-selective treatment method that uses light-absorbing dye-conjugated antibodies and light irradiation. It has been reported that IR700 fluorescence changes with light irradiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluorescence intensity and antitumor effect of PIT using real-time fluorescence observation of tumors and predict the required irradiation dose. The near-infrared camera system LIGHTVISION was used to image IR700 during PIT treatment. IR700 showed a sharp decrease in fluorescence intensity in the early stage of treatment and almost reached a plateau at an irradiation dose of 40 J/cm. Cetuximab-PIT for A431 xenografts was performed at multiple doses from 0–100 J/cm. A significant antitumor effect was observed at 40 J/cm compared to no irradiation, and there was no significant difference between 40 J/cm and 100 J/cm. These results suggest that the rate of decay of the tumor fluorescence intensity correlates with the antitumor effect by real-time fluorescence imaging during PIT. In addition, when the fluorescence intensity of the tumor plateaued in real-time fluorescence imaging, it was assumed that the laser dose was necessary for treatment.
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Jänne PA, Baik C, Su WC, Johnson ML, Hayashi H, Nishio M, Kim DW, Koczywas M, Gold KA, Steuer CE, Murakami H, Yang JCH, Kim SW, Vigliotti M, Shi R, Qi Z, Qiu Y, Zhao L, Sternberg D, Yu C, Yu HA. Efficacy and Safety of Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR Inhibitor-Resistant, EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:74-89. [PMID: 34548309 PMCID: PMC9401524 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB3 (HER3) is expressed in most EGFR-mutated lung cancers but is not a known mechanism of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. HER3-DXd is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a HER3 antibody attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. This phase I, dose escalation/expansion study included patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with prior EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Among 57 patients receiving HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks, the confirmed objective response rate by blinded independent central review (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1) was 39% [95% confidence interval (CI), 26.0-52.4], and median progression-free survival was 8.2 (95% CI, 4.4-8.3) months. Responses were observed in patients with known and unknown EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms. Clinical activity was observed across a broad range of HER3 membrane expression. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were hematologic toxicities. HER3-DXd has clinical activity in EGFR TKI-resistant cancers independent of resistance mechanisms, providing an approach to treat a broad range of drug-resistant cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: In metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC, after disease progression on EGFR TKI therapy, treatment approaches include genotype-directed therapy targeting a known resistance mechanism or chemotherapy. HER3-DXd demonstrated clinical activity spanning known and unknown EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms. HER3-DXd could present a future treatment option agnostic to the EGFR TKI resistance mechanism.See related commentary by Lim et al., p. 16.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi A. Jänne
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Author: Pasi A. Jänne, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, LC4114, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6036; Fax: 617-582-7683; E-mail:
| | | | - Wu-Chou Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Melissa L. Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLCC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Makoto Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Japan
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Conor E. Steuer
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sang-We Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rong Shi
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Zhenhao Qi
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Yang Qiu
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | | | - Channing Yu
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Schmalz V, Koert U. Visible-Light-Induced Photoannulation of α-Naphthyl Cyclopropane Carboxylic Esters to Functionalized Dihydrophenalenes. Org Lett 2021; 24:152-157. [PMID: 34932368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A general synthetic entry to functionalized dihydrophenalenes has been found using naphthyl-cyclopropane esters as starting materials. The desired annulation was possible with visible light, Ir(Fppy)3 as photocatalyst, BnNMe2 or DABCO as electron donor, HAT-catalyst, and proton source. A broad scope of substituted naphthyl and azanaphthyl derivatives provided the photoannulation products in high yield. Deuteration studies support a photoredox mechanism involving the photoreductive cyclopropane opening to an enolate radical followed by an aryl radical trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Schmalz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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HER3 Augmentation via Blockade of EGFR/AKT Signaling Enhances Anticancer Activity of HER3-Targeting Patritumab Deruxtecan in EGFR-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:390-403. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhou DD, Bai WQ, Zhai XT, Sun LP, Zhen YS, Li ZR, Miao QF. Excellent effects and possible mechanisms of action of a new antibody-drug conjugate against EGFR-positive triple-negative breast cancer. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:63. [PMID: 34879870 PMCID: PMC8656065 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype and occurs in approximately 15-20% of diagnosed breast cancers. TNBC is characterized by its highly metastatic and recurrent features, as well as a lack of specific targets and targeted therapeutics. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, especially in TNBC. LR004-VC-MMAE is a new EGFR-targeting antibody-drug conjugate produced by our laboratory. This study aimed to evaluate its antitumor activities against EGFR-positive TNBC and further studied its possible mechanism of antitumor action. METHODS LR004-VC-MMAE was prepared by coupling a cytotoxic payload (MMAE) to an anti-EGFR antibody (LR004) via a linker, and the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) was analyzed by HIC-HPLC. The gene expression of EGFR in a series of breast cancer cell lines was assessed using a publicly available microarray dataset (GSE41313) and Western blotting. MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with LR004-VC-MMAE (0, 0.0066, 0.066, 0.66, 6.6 nmol/L), and the inhibitory effects of LR004-VC-MMAE on cell proliferation were examined by CCK-8 and colony formation. The migration and invasion capacity of MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells were tested at different LR004-VC-MMAE concentrations (2.5 and 5 nmol/L) with wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Flow cytometric analysis and tumorsphere-forming assays were used to detect the killing effects of LR004-VC-MMAE on cancer stem cells in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of LR004-VC-MMAE in vivo. Briefly, BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-231 cells. Then they were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group) and treated with PBS, naked LR004 (10 mg/kg), LR004-VC-MMAE (10 mg/kg), or doxorubicin, respectively. Tumor sizes and the body weights of mice were measured every 4 days. The effects of LR004-VC-MMAE on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the effects of LR004-VC-MMAE on EGFR, ERK, MEK phosphorylation and tumor stemness marker gene expression. RESULTS LR004-VC-MMAE with a DAR of 4.02 were obtained. The expression of EGFR was found to be significantly higher in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells (P < 0.01). LR004-VC-MMAE inhibited the proliferation of EGFR-positive TNBC cells, and the IC50 values of MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with LR004-VC-MMAE for 72 h were (0.13 ± 0.02) nmol/L and (0.66 ± 0.06) nmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of cells treated with MMAE [(3.20 ± 0.60) nmol/L, P < 0.01, and (6.60 ± 0.50) nmol/L, P < 0.001]. LR004-VC-MMAE effectively inhibited migration and invasion of MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, LR004-VC-MMAE also killed tumor stem cells in EGFR-positive TNBC cells and impaired their tumorsphere-forming ability. In TNBC xenograft models, LR004-VC-MMAE at 10 mg/kg significantly suppressed tumor growth and achieved complete tumor regression on day 36. Surprisingly, tumor recurrence was not observed until the end of the experiment on day 52. In a mechanistic study, we found that LR004-VC-MMAE significantly induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in MDA-MB-468 [(34 ± 5)% vs. (12 ± 2)%, P < 0.001] and MDA-MB-231 [(27 ± 4)% vs. (18 ± 3)%, P < 0.01] cells. LR004-VC-MMAE also inhibited the activation of EGFR signaling and the expression of cancer stemness marker genes such as Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and EpCAM. CONCLUSIONS LR004-VC-MMAE showed effective antitumor activity by inhibiting the activation of EGFR signaling and the expression of cancer stemness marker genes. It might be a promising therapeutic candidate and provides a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of EGFR-positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wei-Qi Bai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiao-Tian Zhai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yong-Su Zhen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zhuo-Rong Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Qing-Fang Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
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Aschmoneit N, Kühl L, Seifert O, Kontermann RE. Fc-comprising scDb-based trivalent, bispecific T-cell engagers for selective killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells independent of cytokine release. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003616. [PMID: 34782429 PMCID: PMC8593740 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bispecific T-cell engagers are an established therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies but face several challenges when it comes to their application for the treatment of solid tumors, including on-target off-tumor adverse events. Employing an avidity-mediated specificity gain by introducing an additional binding moiety for the tumor-associated antigen can be achieved using formats with a 2+1 stoichiometry. Methods Besides biochemical characterization and validation of target cell binding to cancer cells with different HER3 expression, we used in vitro co-culture assays with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HER3-expressing target cells to determine T-cell activation, T-cell proliferation and PBMC-mediated cancer cell lysis of HER3-positive cell lines by the trivalent, bispecific antibodies. Results In this study, we developed trivalent, bispecific antibodies comprising a silenced Fc region for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, combining a bivalent single-chain diabody (scDb) fused to a first heterodimerizing Fc chain with either an Fab or scFv fused to a second heterodimerizing Fc chain. All these HER3-targeting T-cell engagers comprising two binding sites for HER3 and one binding site for CD3 mediated target cell killing. However, format and orientation of binding sites influenced efficacy of target cell binding, target cell-dependent T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated target cell killing. Beneficial effects were seen when the CD3 binding site was located in the scDb moiety. These molecules showed efficient killing of medium HER3-expressing cancer cells with very low induction of cytokine release, while sparing target cells with low or undetectable HER3 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that these trivalent, bispecific antibodies represent formats with superior interdomain spacing resulting in efficient target cell killing and a potential advantageous safety profile due to very low cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Aschmoneit
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lennart Kühl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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A scDb-based trivalent bispecific antibody for T-cell-mediated killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13880. [PMID: 34230555 PMCID: PMC8260734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the EGF receptor family and elevated expression is associated with cancer progression and therapy resistance. HER3-specific T-cell engagers might be a suitable treatment option to circumvent the limited efficacy observed for HER3-blocking antibodies in clinical trials. In this study, we developed bispecific antibodies for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, utilizing either a single-chain diabody format (scDb) with one binding site for HER3 and one for CD3 on T-cells or a trivalent bispecific scDb-scFv fusion protein exhibiting an additional binding site for HER3. The scDb-scFv showed increased binding to HER3-expressing cancer cell lines compared to the scDb and consequently more effective T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, the bivalent binding mode of the scDb-scFv for HER3 translated into more potent T-cell mediated cancer cell killing, and allowed to discriminate between moderate and low HER3-expressing target cells. Thus, our study demonstrated the applicability of HER3 for T-cell retargeting with bispecific antibodies, even at moderate expression levels, and the increased potency of an avidity-mediated specificity gain, potentially resulting in a wider safety window of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies targeting HER3.
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Asano T, Ohishi T, Takei J, Nakamura T, Nanamiya R, Hosono H, Tanaka T, Sano M, Harada H, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Anti‑HER3 monoclonal antibody exerts antitumor activity in a mouse model of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:173. [PMID: 34184091 PMCID: PMC8261196 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is known to form an active heterodimer with other three family members EGFR, HER2, and HER4. HER3 is overexpressed in lung, breast, colon, prostate, and gastric cancers. In the present study, we developed and validated an anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), H3Mab-17 (IgG2a, kappa), by immunizing mice with HER3-overexpressed CHO-K1 cells (CHO/HER3). H3Mab-17 was found to react specifically with endogenous HER3 in colorectal carcinoma cell lines, using flow cytometry. The KD for H3Mab-17 in CHO/HER3 and Caco-2 (a colon cancer cell line) were determined to be 3.0×10−9 M and 1.5×10−9 M via flow cytometry, respectively, suggesting high binding affinity of H3Mab-17 to HER3. Then, we assessed the H3Mab-17 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against Caco-2, and evaluated its antitumor capacity in a Caco-2 ×enograft model. In vitro experiments revealed H3Mab-17 had strongly induced both ADCC and CDC against Caco-2 cells. In vivo experiments on Caco-2 ×enografts revealed that H3Mab-17 treatment significantly reduced tumor growth compared with the control mouse IgG. These data indicated that H3Mab-17 could be a promising treatment option for HER3-expressing colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu‑shi, Shizuoka 410‑0301, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosono
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu‑shi, Shizuoka 410‑0301, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
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Sun J, Wu K, Chen S, Jiang S, Chen Y, Duan C. UHRF2 promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Upregulating ErbB3/Ras/Raf Signaling Pathway. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3097-3105. [PMID: 34400880 PMCID: PMC8364466 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence revealed that UHRF2 was implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially in cancer. However, the biological function, clinical significance and underly mechanisms of UHRF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. We analyzed the expression of UHRF2 in 371 HCC tissues and 50 para-cancerous tissues of TCGA database. We found that UHRF2 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, which was further confirmed in HCC cells and tissues by western blot. More importantly, the level of UHRF2 was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage, and the patients with high level of UHRF2 had lower overall survival, disease-free survival and higher recurrence rate than those with low UHRF2 level. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high level of UHRF2 might be an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Functional investigations suggested that ectopic expression of UHRF2 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines, whereas knock down of UHRF2 exhibited an opposite effect. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that ERBB signaling pathway was upregulated in patients with high level of UHRF2. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the expression of UHRF2 was positively correlated with ErbB3 and its downstream targets SOS1, Ras and Raf-1. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of UHRF2 could upregulate the expression of ErbB3, SOS1, Ras and Raf-1. Our findings suggested that UHRF2 might accelerate HCC progression by upregulating ErbB3/Ras/Raf signaling pathway and it might serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shiming Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Changzhu Duan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
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41
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Majumder A, Sandhu M, Banerji D, Steri V, Olshen A, Moasser MM. The role of HER2 and HER3 in HER2-amplified cancers beyond breast cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9091. [PMID: 33907275 PMCID: PMC8079373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 and HER3 play key driving functions in the pathophysiology of HER2-amplified breast cancers, but this function is less well characterized in other cancers driven by HER2 amplification. This study aimed to explore the role of HER2 and HER3 signaling in other types of HER2-amplified cancer. The expression and signaling activity of HER2, HER3, and downstream pathway proteins were studied in cell panels representing HER2-amplified cancers of the breast, bladder, colon and rectal, stomach, esophagus, lung, tongue, and endometrium along with controls lacking HER2 amplification. We report that HER2-amplified cancers are addicted to HER2 across different cancer types and the depth of addiction is best linked with the expression level of HER2, but not with HER3 expression. We report that the expression and constitutive phosphorylation of HER3 are ubiquitous in HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines, but much more variable in HER2-amplified cancer cells from other tissues. We observed the lapatinib-induced compensatory upregulation of HER3 signaling in many types of HER2-amplified cancers, although with much variability. We find that HER3 expression is essential for in vivo tumorigenic growth in some HER2-amplified tumors but not others. Importantly HER3 expression level does not correlate well with its functional importance. More biomarkers will be needed to guide the optimal use of HER3 inhibitors in HER2-amplified cancers from non-breast origin. Unlike oncogenes activated through mutational events, the activation of HER2 through overexpression represents a gradient of activities and depth of addiction and the response to inhibitors follows a similar gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 3111, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Manbir Sandhu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA
| | - Debarko Banerji
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080-4990, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Adam Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 3111, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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42
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Capone E, Lattanzio R, Gasparri F, Orsini P, Rossi C, Iacobelli V, De Laurenzi V, Natali PG, Valsasina B, Iacobelli S, Sala G. EV20/NMS-P945, a Novel Thienoindole Based Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting HER-3 for Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040483. [PMID: 33918158 PMCID: PMC8066800 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HER-3 is becoming an attractive target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-based therapy. Indeed, this receptor and its ligands are found to be overexpressed in several malignancies, and re-activation of its downstream signaling axis is known to play a critical role in modulating the sensitivity of targeted therapeutics in different tumors. In this study, we generated a novel ADC named EV20/NMS-P945 by coupling the anti-HER-3 antibody EV20 with a duocarmycin-like derivative, the thienoindole (TEI) NMS-P528, a DNA minor groove alkylating agent through a peptidic cleavable linker. This ADC showed target-dependent cytotoxic activity in vitro on several tumor cell lines and therapeutic activity in mouse xenograft tumor models, including those originating from pancreatic, prostatic, head and neck, gastric and ovarian cancer cells and melanoma. Pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies in monkeys demonstrated that this ADC possesses a favorable terminal half-life and stability and it is well tolerated. These data support further EV20/NMS-P945 clinical development as a therapeutic agent against HER-3-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, 20014 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (P.O.); (B.V.)
| | - Paolo Orsini
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, 20014 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (P.O.); (B.V.)
| | - Cosmo Rossi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valentina Iacobelli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | | | - Barbara Valsasina
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, 20014 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (P.O.); (B.V.)
| | - Stefano Iacobelli
- MediaPharma s.r.l., Via della Colonnetta 50/A, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: or (S.I.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-08-7154-1504 (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.); (V.D.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: or (S.I.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-08-7154-1504 (G.S.)
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43
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Haikala HM, Jänne PA. Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3528-3539. [PMID: 33608318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Haikala
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Criscitiello C, Morganti S, Curigliano G. Antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumors: a look into novel targets. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:20. [PMID: 33509252 PMCID: PMC7844898 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a relatively new class of anticancer agents designed to merge the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with cell killing properties of chemotherapy. They are commonly described as the "Trojan Horses" of therapeutic armamentarium, because of their capability of directly conveying cytotoxic drug (payloads) into the tumor space, thus transforming chemotherapy into a targeted agent. Three novel ADCs have been recently approved, i.e., trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan and enfortumab vedotin, respectively, targeting HER2, Trop2 and Nectin4. Thanks to progressive advances in engineering technologies these drugs rely on, the spectrum of diseases sensitive to these drugs as well as their indications are in continuous expansion. Several novel ADCs are under evaluation, exploring new potential targets along with innovative payloads. This review aims at providing a summary of the technology behind these compounds and at presenting the latest ADCs approved in solid tumors, as well as at describing novel targets for ADCs under investigation and new strategies to optimize their efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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45
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Boni V, Sharma MR, Patnaik A. The Resurgence of Antibody Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapeutics: Novel Targets and Payloads. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-17. [PMID: 32315240 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_281107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of therapeutics that consist of a cytotoxic agent linked covalently to an antibody, which is directed toward a specific cell surface target expressed by tumor cells and/or the microenvironment. ADCs leverage the specificity of the antibody such that it functions as a carrier to deliver the cytotoxic payload into the tumor. Four parameters are considered critical for this class of complex engineered therapeutics: target selection, antibody, cytotoxic payload, as well as conjugation and linker technology. The development of this class of drugs has proven more complex than expected. Several challenges have arisen, including a lack of true tumor antigen specificity, early release of the cytotoxic payload into the bloodstream due to linker instability, and low potency of the payload, resulting in either greater toxicity or lack of improved efficacy compared with unconjugated cytotoxics. The approval of trastuzumab emtansine in 2013 for HER2-positive breast cancer served as a proof of concept that ADCs have therapeutic application in solid tumors. Two novel ADCs have recently been approved: trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-positive breast cancer and enfortumab vedotin for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is distinguished by a unique biochemical structure with a novel cytotoxic payload, deruxtecan-a highly potent, topoisomerase I inhibitor. Enfortumab vedotin is directed toward nectin-4 and represents an example of successful and strategic target selection. This review focuses on the concepts underlying the choice of suitable targets and novel payloads, discusses specific examples of ADCs in preclinical and clinical development, and provides future directions related to this unique class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boni
- START (South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manish R Sharma
- START (South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics), Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Amita Patnaik
- START (South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics), San Antonio, TX
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46
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Hafeez U, Parslow AC, Gan HK, Scott AM. New insights into ErbB3 function and therapeutic targeting in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:1057-1074. [PMID: 32981377 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1829485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer progression, primary and acquired drug resistance, has become steadily evident since its discovery in 1989. ErbB3 overexpression in various solid organ malignancies is associated with shorter survival of patients. However, initial strategies to therapeutically target ErbB3 have not been rewarding. AREAS COVERED Here, we provide an overview of ErbB3 biology in carcinogenesis. We outline the role of ErbB3 as a critical pathway for resistance to other anti-cancer drugs. We focus on emerging clinical data, which will steer the potential future development of ErbB3 directed therapies. EXPERT OPINION Initial approaches to ErbB3 targeting have been challenging. However, the lack of success of anti-ErbB3 therapies in ongoing clinical trials may relate more to the complex biology of the receptor and challenges with the biomarkers used to date. Furthermore, it seems certain that the expression of the receptor per se is necessary but not sufficient for the response to ErbB3 therapies. Emerging data suggest that more sophisticated biomarkers are needed. Nonetheless, it is also likely that ErbB3 therapies may have the most efficacy in combination therapy, and their favorable toxicity profile makes this feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umbreen Hafeez
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health , Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam C Parslow
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health , Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health , Melbourne, Australia
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47
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Li QH, Wang YZ, Tu J, Liu CW, Yuan YJ, Lin R, He WL, Cai SR, He YL, Ye JN. Anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: mechanisms and potential regimens of drug resistance. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:179-191. [PMID: 32665850 PMCID: PMC7333932 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab and panitumumab, as the highly effective antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have clinical activity in the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). These agents have good curative efficacy, but drug resistance also exists at the same time. The effects of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations and HER2 amplification on the treatment of refractory mCRC have been elucidated and the corresponding countermeasures have been put forward. However, the changes in EGFR and its ligands, the mutations or amplifications of PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, MET, HER3, IRS2, FGFR1, and MAP2K1, the overexpression of insulin growth factor-1, the low expression of Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death, mismatch repair-deficient, and epigenetic instability may also lead to drug resistance in mCRC. Although the emergence of drug resistance has genetic or epigenetic heterogeneity, most of these molecular changes relating to it are focused on the key signaling pathways, such as the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. Accordingly, numerous efforts to target these signaling pathways and develop the novel therapeutic regimens have been carried out. Herein, we have reviewed the underlying mechanisms of the resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and the possible implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Rong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ning Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Kumar R, George B, Campbell MR, Verma N, Paul AM, Melo-Alvim C, Ribeiro L, Pillai MR, da Costa LM, Moasser MM. HER family in cancer progression: From discovery to 2020 and beyond. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:109-160. [PMID: 32593399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the first layer of molecules that receive, interpret, and transduce signals leading to distinct cancer cell phenotypes. Since the discovery of the tooth-lid factor-later characterized as the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-and its high-affinity binding EGF receptor, HER kinases have emerged as one of the commonly upregulated or hyperactivated or mutated kinases in epithelial tumors, thus allowing HER1-3 family members to regulate several hallmarks of cancer development and progression. Each member of the HER family exhibits shared and unique structural features to engage multiple receptor activation modes, leading to a range of overlapping and distinct phenotypes. EGFR, the founding HER family member, provided the roadmap for the development of the cell surface RTK-directed targeted cancer therapy by serving as a prototype/precursor for the currently used HER-directed cancer drugs. We herein provide a brief account of the discoveries, defining moments, and historical context of the HER family and guidepost advances in basic, translational, and clinical research that solidified a prominent position of the HER family in cancer research and treatment. We also discuss the significance of HER3 pseudokinase in cancer biology; its unique structural features that drive transregulation among HER1-3, leading to a superior proximal signaling response; and potential role of HER3 as a shared effector of acquired therapeutic resistance against diverse oncology drugs. Finally, we also narrate some of the current drawbacks of HER-directed therapies and provide insights into postulated advances in HER biology with extensive implications of these therapies in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Bijesh George
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Verma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Cecília Melo-Alvim
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Luis Marques da Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Moradi A, Pourseif MM, Jafari B, Parvizpour S, Omidi Y. Nanobody-based therapeutics against colorectal cancer: Precision therapies based on the personal mutanome profile and tumor neoantigens. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gandullo-Sánchez L, Capone E, Ocaña A, Iacobelli S, Sala G, Pandiella A. HER3 targeting with an antibody-drug conjugate bypasses resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11498. [PMID: 32329582 PMCID: PMC7207167 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive clinical benefit obtained with anti‐HER2‐targeted therapies, in advances stages, especially in the metastatic setting, HER2‐positive tumors remain incurable. Therefore, it is important to develop novel strategies to fight these tumors, especially when they become resistant to available therapies. We show here that the anti‐HER3 antibody–drug conjugate EV20/MMAF exerted potent anti‐tumoral properties against several models of primary resistance and secondary resistance to common anti‐HER2 available therapies, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and trastuzumab‐emtansine. HER3 was expressed in these HER2+ breast cancer cells and knockdown experiments demonstrated that HER3 expression was required for the action of EV20/MMAF. In mice injected with trastuzumab‐resistant HER2+ cells, a single dose of EV20/MMAF caused complete and long‐lasting tumor regression. Mechanistically, EV20/MMAF bound to cell surface HER3 and became internalized to the lysosomes. Treatment with EV20/MMAF caused cell cycle arrest in mitosis and promoted cell death through mitotic catastrophe. These findings encourage the clinical testing of EV20/MMAF for several indications in the HER2+ cancer clinic, including situations in which HER2+ tumors become refractory to approved anti‐HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studiesand Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studiesand Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,MediaPharma s.r.l, Chieti, Italy
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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