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Xiong Y, Shi L, Li L, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhao X, Shen N. CDCA5 accelerates progression of breast cancer by promoting the binding of E2F1 and FOXM1. J Transl Med 2024; 22:639. [PMID: 38978058 PMCID: PMC11232132 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5), a master regulator of sister chromatid cohesion, was reported to be upregulated in several types of cancer. Here, the function and regulation mechanism of CDCA5 in breast cancer were explored. METHODS CDCA5 expression was identified through immunohistochemistry staining in breast cancer specimens. The correlation between CDCA5 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer patients was analyzed using a tissue microarray. CDCA5 function in breast cancer was explored in CDCA5-overexpressed/knockdown cells and mice models. Co-IP, ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assay assays were performed to clarify underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We found that CDCA5 was expressed at a higher level in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and overexpression of CDCA5 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, CDCA5 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration, while promoted apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, we revealed that CDCA5 played an important role in promoting the binding of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) to the forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) promoter. Furthermore, the data of in vitro and in vivo revealed that depletion of FOXM1 alleviated the effect of CDCA5 overexpression on breast cancer. Additionally, we revealed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was required for CDCA5 induced progression of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that CDCA5 promoted progression of breast cancer via CDCA5/FOXM1/Wnt axis, CDCA5 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Xiong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lan Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Li M, Gao X, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Zhang Z, Zhu D. FOXM1 transcriptional regulation. Biol Cell 2024:e2400012. [PMID: 38963053 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
FOXM1 is a key transcriptional regulator involved in various biological processes in mammals, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, aging, immune regulation, development, and disease. Early studies have shown that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene by regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis, as well as genes related to diagnosis, treatment, chemotherapy resistance, and prognosis. Researchers are increasingly focusing on FOXM1 functions in tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration. However, researchers have not comprehensively described FOXM1's involvement in tumor microenvironment shaping, epigenetics, and immune cell infiltration. Here we review the role of FOXM1 in the formation and development of malignant tumors, and we will provide a comprehensive summary of the role of FOXM1 in transcriptional regulation, interacting proteins, tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration, and suggest areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuzheng Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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Dong J, Chen J, Wu Y, Yan J. GTSE1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation and angiogenesis by upregulating STMN1. Cell Div 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38698443 PMCID: PMC11064356 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with poor survival rate. G2 and S phase-expressed-1 (GTSE1) takes part in the progression of diverse tumors as an oncogene, but its role and potential mechanism in NPC remain unknown. METHODS The GTSE1 expression was analyzed by western blot in NPC tissues and cells. Knock-down experiments were conducted to determine the function of GTSE1 in NPC by cell counting kit-8, the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation experiment, cell scratch wound-healing experiment, transwell assays, tube forming experiment and western blot. In addition, the in vivo role of GTSE1 was addressed in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS The expression of was increased in NPC. Silencing of GTSE1 suppressed cell viability, the percent of EdU positive cells, and the number of invasion cells and tubes, but enhanced the scratch ratio in NPC cells. Mechanically, downregulation of GTSE1 decreased the expressions of FOXM1 and STMN1, which were restored with the upregulation of FOXM1. Increased expression of STMN1 reversed the effects of the GTSE1 silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of NPC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of GTSE1 repressed the tumor volume and tumor weight of xenografted mice. CONCLUSION GTSE1 was highly expressed in NPC, and silencing of GTSE1 ameliorated the malignant processes of NPC cells by upregulating STMN1, suggesting a possible therapeutical target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surger, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, No. 57, Xingning, Yinzhou, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surger, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, No. 57, Xingning, Yinzhou, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surger, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, No. 57, Xingning, Yinzhou, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surger, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, No. 57, Xingning, Yinzhou, 315000, Zhejiang, China
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Lisek M, Boczek T, Stragierowicz J, Wawrzyniak J, Guo F, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A, Zylinska L. Hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) impairs the dopamine pathway in an in vitro model of PC12 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132284. [PMID: 34563782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), listed by the Stockholm convention as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), hexachloronaphthalenes are considered the most toxic and raise the highest concern. Of these, 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalanene (PCN67) is considered the main congener affecting human health due to its hepatotoxicity and its ability to disturb the reproductive, endocrine, and hematological systems. It is also prevalent in human serum/plasma, milk, and adipose tissue. However, little is known about its neurotoxicity, despite the fact that anorectic effects have been observed in workers occupationally exposed to PCNs and in animal research on PCN67. Since dopamine is involved in many aspects of food intake, the aim of this study was to confirm whether PCN67 affects dopamine synthesis in differentiated PC12 cells, a widely used model of neurosecretion. Our results show that exposure to PCN67 resulted in diminished dopamine content and release. Moreover, PCN67 also affected the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and lowered the expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1). In addition, significantly lower expression of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, was observed in comparison to the vehicle. In conclusion, PCN67 appears to disturb dopaminergic transmission by altering tyrosine hydroxylation, reducing VMAT1 expression and impairing antioxidant protection. Our study provides a potential mechanism for how PCN67 may cause dopamine deficiency and contribute to neuronal death by affecting cellular antioxidant potency; however, this conclusion requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Julia Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Michał Klimczak
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Tantipaiboonwong P, Chaiwangyen W, Suttajit M, Kangwan N, Kaowinn S, Khanaree C, Punfa W, Pintha K. Molecular Mechanism of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Perilla Seed Oil and Rosmarinic Acid Rich Fraction Extracted from Perilla Seed Meal on TNF-α Induced A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:6757. [PMID: 34833849 PMCID: PMC8622939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrially, after the removal of oil from perilla seeds (PS) by screw-type compression, the large quantities of residual perilla seed meal (PSM) becomes non-valuable waste. Therefore, to increase the health value and price of PS and PSM, we focused on the biological effects of perilla seed oil (PSO) and rosmarinic acid-rich fraction (RA-RF) extracted from PSM for their role in preventing oxidative stress and inflammation caused by TNF-α exposure in an A549 lung adenocarcinoma culture model. The A549 cells were pretreated with PSO or RA-RF and followed by TNF-α treatment. We found that PSO and RA-RF were not toxic to TNF-α-induced A549 cells. Both extracts significantly decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this cell line. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and COX-2 were significantly decreased by the treatment of PSO and RA-RF. The Western blot indicated that the expression of MnSOD, FOXO1, and NF-κB and phosphorylation of JNK were also significantly diminished by PSO and RA-RF treatment. The results demonstrated that PSO and RA-RF act as antioxidants to scavenge TNF-α induced ROS levels, resulting in decreased the expression of MnSOD, FOXO1, NF-κB and JNK signaling pathway in a human lung cell culture exposed to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Wittaya Chaiwangyen
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Napapan Kangwan
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathiu, Chumphon 86160, Thailand;
| | - Chakkrit Khanaree
- School of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (C.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Wanisa Punfa
- School of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (C.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
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The Role of Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Induced by Food Additive Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Uterine Leiomyoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093074. [PMID: 34578952 PMCID: PMC8468901 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyoma is the most common benign uterine tumor in reproductive-age women. Increasing numbers of studies are focusing on the effects of environmental exposure on the incidence and progression of tumors. One major step taken in the food industry is the addition of food preservatives to maintain freshness. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, which is widely used as an additive to develop fat-soluble characteristics, as well as in cosmetics and rubber. Previous studies also highlighted that BHT may be related to increased fibrosis capacity and carcinogenic effects. In this study, we explored the effects of the commonly used food additive BHT on leiomyoma progression, and the related mechanism. The exposure of the ELT-3 leiomyoma cell line to BHT for 48 h increased the proliferative effect. Since leiomyoma progression is related to increases in extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), BHT could effectively increase ECM-related protein expression, as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression. This increase in ECM, in response to BHT, may be linked to the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Through PI3K inhibition, BHT’s effect on leiomyoma progression could be partially modulated. These results suggest the harmful effect of BHT exposure on leiomyoma progression may relate to PI3K modulation. However, an in vivo study is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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Liu F, Yuan Q, Cao X, Zhang J, Cao J, Zhang J, Xia L. Isovitexin Suppresses Stemness of Lung Cancer Stem-Like Cells through Blockage of MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK Signaling and Glycolysis Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9972057. [PMID: 34195288 PMCID: PMC8203360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been reported to promote stemness of lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) which had higher glycolytic rates compared with non-CSLCs. Isovitexin exhibited an inhibitory effect on the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, whether isovitexin could inhibit the promotion of stemness of LCSLCs mediated by MnSOD through glycolysis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study was aimed at investigating whether isovitexin inhibits lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) through MnSOD signaling blockage and glycolysis suppression. METHODS Sphere formation and soft agar assays were conducted to determine self-renewal ability. The migration and invasion of LCSLCs were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The glycolytic activity was assessed by determination of L-lactate metabolism rate. The influences of isovitexin on MnSOD, CaMKII, and AMPK activations as well as the metabolic shift to glycolysis were determined by manipulating MnSOD expression. RESULTS It was found that MnSOD and glycolysis enhanced simultaneously in LCSLCs compared with parental H460 cells. Overexpression of MnSOD activated CaMKII/AMPK signaling and glycolysis in LCSLCs with increased self-renewal, migration, invasion, and expression of stemness-associated markers in vitro and elevated carcinogenicity in vivo. Knockdown of MnSOD induced an inverse effect in LCSLCs. Isovitexin blocked MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and suppressed glycolysis in LCSLCs, resulting in inhibition of stemness features in LCSLCs. The knockdown of MnSOD significantly augmented isovitexin-associated inhibition of CaMKII/AMPK signaling, glycolysis, and stemness in LCSLCs. However, the overexpression of MnSOD could attenuate the inhibition of isovitexin on LCSLCs. Importantly, isovitexin notably suppressed tumor growth in nude mice bearing LCSLCs by downregulation of MnSOD expression. CONCLUSION MnSOD promotion of stemness of LCSLCs derived from H460 cell line is involved in the activation of the CaMKII/AMPK pathway and induction of glycolysis. Isovitexin-associated inhibition of stemness in LCSLCs is partly dependent on blockage of the MnSOD/CaMKII/AMPK signaling axis and glycolysis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Talarico MCR, Nunes RAL, Silva GÁF, da Costa LBE, Cardoso MR, Esteves SCB, Zanatta Sarian LO, Zeferino LC, Termini L. High Expression of SOD2 Protein Is a Strong Prognostic Factor for Stage IIIB Squamous Cell Cervical Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050724. [PMID: 34062984 PMCID: PMC8147985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression is associated with a poor prognosis at many cancer sites, the presence of metastases, and more advanced cervical cancer. This study aims to determine whether SOD2 protein expression is associated with the prognosis of stage IIIB cervical carcinoma. Methods: sixty-three patients with stage IIIB squamous cell cervical carcinoma were included. The evaluation of SOD2 expression by immunohistochemistry was based on a positive cell ratio score and the staining intensity score. Taking disease recurrence and death as endpoints, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to discriminate between high and low SOD2 expression. Results: high SOD2 expression was associated with recurrence (p = 0.001), distant recurrence (p = 0.002), and death (p = 0.005). A multivariate analysis showed that patients with high SOD2 expression had a threefold increased risk for recurrence (HR = 3.16; 1.33–7.51) and death (HR = 2.98; 1.20–7.40) compared with patients who had low SOD2 expression. Patients with high SOD2 expression had shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.003) than patients with low SOD2 expression. Conclusion: high SOD2 expression is a strong prognostic factor for stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and could be used as a prognostic marker in women with cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Ramiro Talarico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13081970, Brazil; (M.C.R.T.); (M.R.C.); (L.O.Z.S.)
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403911, Brazil; (R.A.L.N.); (G.Á.F.S.)
| | - Gabriela Ávila Fernandes Silva
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403911, Brazil; (R.A.L.N.); (G.Á.F.S.)
| | - Larissa Bastos Eloy da Costa
- Department of Pathology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13083887, Brazil;
| | - Marcella Regina Cardoso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13081970, Brazil; (M.C.R.T.); (M.R.C.); (L.O.Z.S.)
| | - Sérgio Carlos Barros Esteves
- Department of Radiotherapy, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, Women’s Hospital Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti—Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13083881, Brazil;
| | - Luis Otávio Zanatta Sarian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13081970, Brazil; (M.C.R.T.); (M.R.C.); (L.O.Z.S.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic and Breast Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP—Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo 13081970, Brazil; (M.C.R.T.); (M.R.C.); (L.O.Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.); (L.T.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-9516 (L.C.Z.)
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403911, Brazil; (R.A.L.N.); (G.Á.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.); (L.T.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-9516 (L.C.Z.)
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10
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Lai W, Zhu W, Li X, Han Y, Wang Y, Leng Q, Li M, Wen X. GTSE1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation via the SP1/FOXM1 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 101:554-563. [PMID: 33328578 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
G2 and S phase-expressed-1 (GTSE1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignant tumors. However, its specific role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. In this study, RNA-Seq data from patients with PCa and controls were downloaded from the FIREBROWSE database, and it was found that the GTSE1 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in PCa. Moreover, patients with higher GTSE1 mRNA levels had higher Gleason scores (P < 0.001), a more advanced pT stage (P = 0.011), and a more advanced pN stage (P = 0.006) as well as a shorter time to biochemical recurrence (P = 0.005). In addition, overexpression of GTSE1 could promote proliferation in LNCaP cells, whereas silencing GTSE1 could inhibit the growth of C4-2 cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, GTSE1 enhanced the expression of FOXM1 by upregulating the SP1 protein level, a transcription factor of FOXM1, which ultimately promoted PCa cell proliferation. In summary, GTSE1 is a new candidate oncogene in the development and progression of PCa, and it can promote PCa cell proliferation via the SP1/FOXM1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Health Care, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuefu Han
- Department of Urology, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qu Leng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingqiao Wen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Qiu Y, Cao X, Liu L, Cao X, Yuan Q, Li X, Cui Y, Xu C, Zou C, Ren K, Cao J. Modulation of MnSOD and FoxM1 Is Involved in Invasion and EMT Suppression by Isovitexin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5759-5771. [PMID: 32765079 PMCID: PMC7371559 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s245283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) induces FoxM1 expression, subsequently contributing to migration in several cancer cells. Isovitexin (ISOV) was recently found to downregulate MnSOD and FoxM1, decreasing stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stem-like cells (HCSLCs). The current study aimed to determine whether inhibition of migration, invasion and EMT in HCSLCs by ISOV results from MnSOD/FoxM1 signaling blockade and subsequent Twist1, Slug, ZEB1 and MMP-2 downregulation. Materials and Methods We examined the migratory and invasive capabilities and EMT phenotype in HCC cells and their HCSLCs, respectively, by wound-healing assay, transwell invasion assay and Western blot after treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of ISOV, and explored the mechanism by which ISOV affects migration, invasion and EMT by MnSOD or FoxM1 knockdown and/or overexpression in HCSLCs or HCC cells. Results The results showed that ISOV not only downregulated MnSOD and FoxM1 but also suppressed the migratory and invasive capabilities and reversed the EMT phenotype in HCSLCs, which was reflected by elevated E-cadherin protein amounts, and reduced N-cadherin, Twist1, Slug, ZEB1 and MMP-2 protein levels. The suppressive effects of ISOV on the migratory and invasive capabilities and EMT phenotype could be potentiated by MnSOD or FoxM1 knockdown in HCSLCs, and attenuated by MnSOD or FoxM1 overexpression in HCC cells. Importantly, FoxM1 overexpression reversed MnSOD knockdown combined with ISOV suppression on the migratory and invasive capabilities and EMT phenotype in HCSLCs, while having little effects on MnSOD expression. Conclusion Collectively, the above findings demonstrated that ISOV suppresses migration, invasion and EMT in HCSLCs by blocking MnSOD/FoxM1 signaling subsequently inhibiting the expression of EMT-related transcription factors and MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebei Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozheng Cao
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
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12
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Li Z, Li H, Chen J, Luo H, Zeng J, Yao Y, Duan M. SPAG5 promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via activation of FOXM1/MMP2 axis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105797. [PMID: 32668328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignancy of bone with a tendency to metastasize early. An understanding of the pathways that regulate OS metastasis is required for the design of novel treatment approaches. Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is upregulated and functions as a potential tumor promoter in diverse human cancers, but has yet to be investigated in the OS. In the present study, results showed that SPAG5 expression is upregulated in OS tissues, and SPAG5 overexpression is obviously associated with the malignant phenotype and poor survival in patients with OS. Multivariate analyses also revealed that SPAG5 overexpression is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome of patients with OS. The functional assay indicated that SPAG5 silencing significantly inhibits the invasion and migration of OS cells in vitro. Additionally, knockdown of SPAG5 in OS cells suppresses lung metastasis in vivo. Further, we also found that SPAG5 silencing inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of OS cells. Moreover, our results indicated that SPAG5 promotes OS metastasis by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression, and demonstrated that MMP2 is crucial for the pro-metastasis role of SPAG5 in OS cells. Mechanistically, we identified that SPAG5 regulates MMP2 expression by modulating FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) degradation to enhance the protein stability of FOXM1. Collectively, these findings describe the effects of SPAG5-FOXM1-MMP2 axis in the regulation of OS cell migration and metastasis formation. We provide a novel evidence that SPAG5 may serve as a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Mansheng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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13
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Liu D, Kang H, Gao M, Jin L, Zhang F, Chen D, Li M, Xiao L. Exosome-transmitted circ_MMP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by upregulating MMP2. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1365-1380. [PMID: 31944556 PMCID: PMC7266270 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes released by tumor cells have been recently identified as important determinants of tumor progression. They often carry circular RNAs that are differentially expressed in tumors and may regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we showed that supernatant of 97H hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line could promote metastasis in L02 human liver cells and HCC cell lines. Moreover, we determined that circ_MMP2 (has_circ_0039411) could be delivered by 97H‐ or LM3 cell‐derived exosomes to L02 and HepG2 cell cultures. High expression of circ_MMP2 led to the upregulation of its host gene matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) via the sponging of miR‐136‐5p. Rescue assays demonstrated that miR‐136‐5p and MMP2 were two essential participants in HCC metastasis. Finally, high level of circ_MMP2 or MMP2, as well as low level of miR‐136‐5p, was correlated with low overall survival of HCC patients. Our study highlights a novel molecular pathway in HCC cell‐derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengrui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, China
| | - Hongxia Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingtai Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Mianli Li
- Oncology Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, China
| | - Linghui Xiao
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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14
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Zhou C, Lyu LH, Miao HK, Bahr T, Zhang QY, Liang T, Zhou HB, Chen GR, Bai Y. Redox regulation by SOD2 modulates colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through AMPK-mediated energy metabolism. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:545-556. [PMID: 32149414 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy. Many reports have implicated aberrant mitochondrial activity in the progression of CRC, with particular emphasis on the dysregulation of redox signaling and oxidative stress. In this study, we focused on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2), a key antioxidant enzyme, which maintains intracellular redox homeostasis. Current literature presents conflicting mechanisms for how SOD2 influences tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, we explored the role of SOD2 in CRC specifically. We found high levels of SOD2 expression in CRC tissues. We carried out a series of experiments to determine whether knockdown of SOD2 expression in CRC cell lines would reverse features of tumorigenesis. We found that reduced SOD2 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activity in CRC cells. Results from an additional series of experiments on mitochondrial function implicated a dual role for SOD2 in promoting CRC progression. First, proper level of SOD2 helped CRC cells maintain mitochondrial function by disposal of superoxide (O2 .- ). Second, over-expression of SOD2 induced H2 O2 -mediated tumorigenesis by upregulating AMPK and glycolysis. Our results indicate that SOD2 may promote the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the energy metabolism mediated by AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Kai Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tyler Bahr
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Qiong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huai-Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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15
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Cao X, Liu L, Yuan Q, Li X, Cui Y, Ren K, Zou C, Chen A, Xu C, Qiu Y, Quan M, Zhang J, Cao J, Chen X. Isovitexin reduces carcinogenicity and stemness in hepatic carcinoma stem-like cells by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:264. [PMID: 31208440 PMCID: PMC6580799 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) upregulating FoxM1 have previously been demonstrated promoting lung cancer stemness. Isovitexin exhibits antitumor activities in various cancers. This study aimed to assess whether isovitexin inhibits hepatic carcinoma stem-like cells (HCSLCs) features via regulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression. Methods Second-generation spheres from the hepatic carcinoma cell lines, respectively, were used as HCSLCs. Protein amounts of MnSOD, FoxM1 and stemness-associated markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Bmi1, Nanog and Oct4) were determined by immunoblotting. In vitro carcinogenicity was evaluated by sphere- and colony-formation assays. The effects of isovitexin on HCSLC carcinogenicity and stemness were examined in vitro and in xenograft models. An adenoviral delivery system was employed to manipulate MnSOD and/or FoxM1. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify isovitexin downregulated FoxM1 by inhibiting MnSOD-mediated effects of E2F1 and/or Sp1 on activation of FoxM1 promoter. Results FoxM1 upregulation by MnSOD contributed to carcinogenicity and stemness, with increased sphere- and colony-formation capabilities, upregulated stemness-associated markers and CD133+ subpopulation as well as elevated oncogenicity in vivo in HCSLCs compared with hepatic carcinoma cells. Isovitexin substantially decreased sphere and colony formation rates, and stemness-associated markers in cultured HCSLCs by suppressing MnSOD and FoxM1 expression. Importantly, isovitexin significantly inhibited tumor growth of in nude mice bearing HCSLCs and reduced CD133 protein expression of xenograft in nude mice. MnSOD or FoxM1 knockdown enhanced the effects of isovitexin suppression on carcinogenicity and stemness in HCSLC. MnSOD or FoxM1 overexpression attenuated the effects of isovitexin. Additionally, isovitexin and MnSOD knockdown could inhibit FoxM1 reporter activity via a decreased binding of E2F1 and/or Sp1 onto FoxM1 promoter. FoxM1 overexpression reversed the effects of isovitexin combined with MnSOD knockdown, without affecting MnSOD expression. Moreover, MnSOD knockdown plus thiostrepton, a FoxM1 specific inhibitor, cooperated with isovitexin to repress xenograft tumor growth and downregulate MnSOD and FoxM1 in nude mice bearing HCSLCs from MHCC97H cells. Conclusions Isovitexin inhibits carcinogenicity and stemness in HCSLCs by downregulating FoxM1via inhibition of MnSOD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1244-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Pharmacy Department, the Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Meifang Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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16
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Li Y, Wu F, Tan Q, Guo M, Ma P, Wang X, Zhang S, Xu J, Luo P, Jin Y. The multifaceted roles of FOXM1 in pulmonary disease. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:35. [PMID: 30992007 PMCID: PMC6469073 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a transcriptional regulator of G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression in the cell cycle, plays a principal role in many physiological and pathological processes. A growing number of studies have focused on the relationship between abnormal FOXM1 expression and pulmonary diseases, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These studies indicate that the FOXM1 regulatory network is a major predictor of poor outcomes, especially in lung cancer, and provide novel insight into various pulmonary diseases. For the first time, this review summarizes the mechanistic relationship between FOXM1 dysregulation and pulmonary diseases, the benefits of targeting abnormal FOXM1 expression, and the questions that remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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17
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Fan JJ, Hsu WH, Hung HH, Zhang WJ, Lee YLA, Chen KC, Chu CY, Ko TP, Lee MT, Lin CW, Cheng CH. Reduction in MnSOD promotes the migration and invasion of squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1639-1650. [PMID: 30896828 PMCID: PMC6438424 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is maintained at a higher level in cancer cells, which promotes tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress induced by anticancer drugs may further increase ROS to promote apoptosis, but can also enhance the metastasis of cancer cells. The effects of ROS homeostasis on cancer cells remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the effect of a reduction in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) on the migration and invasion of A431 cells was investigated. Our previous micro‑assay data revealed that the mRNA expression of MnSOD was higher in the invasive A431‑III cell line compared with that in the parental A431 cell line (A431‑P). In the present study, high protein levels of MnSOD and H2O2 production were observed in A431‑III cells; however, catalase protein levels were significantly lower in A431‑III cells compared with those in the A431‑P cell line. The knockdown of MnSOD increased H2O2 levels, enzyme activity, the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase‑1, ‑2 and ‑9, and the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. Inducing a reduction in H2O2 using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and N‑acetyl‑l‑cysteine decreased the migratory abilities of the cell lines, and DPI attenuated the migratory ability that had been increased by MnSOD small interfering RNA knockdown. Luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu) increased the expression of catalase and reduced H2O2 levels, but without an observed change in the protein levels of MnSOD. Taken together, these data suggest that reduced MnSOD may induce ROS imbalance in cells and promote the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Lu and Qu may attenuate these processes and may be promising potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Jia Fan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Wan‑Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Hsiang Hung
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lin A Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Fu Z, Cao X, Yang Y, Song Z, Zhang J, Wang Z. Upregulation of FoxM1 by MnSOD Overexpression Contributes to Cancer Stem-Like Cell Characteristics in the Lung Cancer H460 Cell Line. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818789635. [PMID: 30111255 PMCID: PMC6096686 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818789635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase promotes migration and invasion in lung cancer cells via upregulation of the transcription factor forkhead box M1. Here, we assessed whether upregulation of forkhead box M1 by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression mediates the acquisition of cancer stem-like cell characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells. The second-generation spheroids from H460 cells were used as lung cancer stem-like cells. The levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, forkhead box M1, stemness markers (CD133, CD44, and ALDH1), and transcription factors (Bmi1, Nanog, and Sox2) were analyzed by Western blot. Sphere formation in vitro and carcinogenicity of lung cancer stem-like cells were evaluated by spheroid formation assay and limited dilution xenograft assays. Knockdown or overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or/and forkhead box M1 by transduction with short hairpin RNA(shRNA) or complementary DNA were performed for mechanistic studies. We showed that manganese superoxide dismutase and forkhead box M1 amounts as well as the expression levels of stemness markers and transcription factors sphere formation in vitro, and carcinogenicity of lung cancer stem-like cells were higher than in monolayer cells. Lung cancer stem-like cells transduced with manganese superoxide dismutase shRNA or FoxM1 shRNA exhibited decreased sphere formation and lower amounts of stemness markers and transcription factors. Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or FoxM1 in H460 cells resulted in elevated sphere formation rates and protein levels of stemness markers and transcription factors. Meanwhile, manganese superoxide dismutase knockdown or overexpression accordingly altered forkhead box M1 levels. However, forkhead box M1 knockdown or overexpression had no effect on manganese superoxide dismutase levels but inhibited or promoted lung cancer stem-like cell functions. Interestingly, forkhead box M1 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of manganese superoxide dismutase knockdown in lung cancer stem-like cells. In a panel of non-small cell lung cancer cells, including H441, H1299, and H358 cells, compared to the respective monolayer counterparts, the expression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and forkhead box M1 were elevated in the corresponding spheroids. These findings revealed the role of forkhead box M1 upregulation by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression in maintaining lung cancer stem-like cell properties. Therefore, inhibition of forkhead box M1 upregulation by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fu
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangzhou Shi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- 3 Laboratory of Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- 4 Department of Gynecology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Song
- 3 Laboratory of Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- 3 Laboratory of Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangzhou Shi, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chaiswing L, St. Clair WH, St. Clair DK. Redox Paradox: A Novel Approach to Therapeutics-Resistant Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1237-1272. [PMID: 29325444 PMCID: PMC6157438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer cells that are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy are a major problem limiting the success of cancer therapy. Aggressive cancer cells depend on elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to proliferate, self-renew, and metastasize. As a result, these aggressive cancers maintain high basal levels of ROS compared with normal cells. The prominence of the redox state in cancer cells led us to consider whether increasing the redox state to the condition of oxidative stress could be used as a successful adjuvant therapy for aggressive cancers. Recent Advances: Past attempts using antioxidant compounds to inhibit ROS levels in cancers as redox-based therapy have met with very limited success. However, recent clinical trials using pro-oxidant compounds reveal noteworthy results, which could have a significant impact on the development of strategies for redox-based therapies. CRITICAL ISSUES The major objective of this review is to discuss the role of the redox state in aggressive cancers and how to utilize the shift in redox state to improve cancer therapy. We also discuss the paradox of redox state parameters; that is, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the driver molecule for cancer progression as well as a target for cancer treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the biological significance of the redox state, we postulate that this system could potentially be used to create a new avenue for targeted therapy, including the potential to incorporate personalized redox therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - William H. St. Clair
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
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20
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Ashtekar A, Huk D, Magner A, La Perle KMD, Boucai L, Kirschner LS. Alterations in Sod2-Induced Oxidative Stress Affect Endocrine Cancer Progression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4135-4145. [PMID: 30165401 PMCID: PMC6194813 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although important advances have been made in understanding the genetics of endocrine tumors, cellular physiology is relatively understudied as a determinant of tumor behavior. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species are metabolic factors that may affect tumor behavior, and these are, in part, controlled by manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSod), the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (encoded by SOD2). OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of MnSod in the prognosis of aggressive human endocrine cancers and directly assessed the effect of MnSod under- or overexpression on tumor behavior, using established mouse thyroid cancer models. METHODS We performed transcriptome analysis of human and mouse models of endocrine cancer. To address the role of Sod2 in endocrine tumors, we introduced a Sod2 null allele or a transgenic Sod2 overexpression allele into mouse models of benign thyroid follicular neoplasia or aggressive, metastatic follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and monitored phenotypic changes in tumor initiation and progression. RESULTS In the thyroid, SOD2/Sod2 was downregulated in FTC but not papillary thyroid cancer. Reduced expression of SOD2 was correlated with poorer survival of patients with aggressive thyroid or adrenal cancers. In mice with benign thyroid tumors, Sod2 overexpression increased tumor burden. In contrast, in mice with aggressive FTC, overexpression of Sod2 reduced tumor proliferation and improved mortality rates, whereas its deficiency enhanced tumor growth. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate that SOD2 has dichotomous roles in cancer progression and acts in a context-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Ashtekar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Danielle Huk
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alexa Magner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krista M D La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura Boucai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence S Kirschner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Lawrence S. Kirschner, MD, PhD, The Ohio State University, BRT 510, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210. E-mail:
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21
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Liao GB, Li XZ, Zeng S, Liu C, Yang SM, Yang L, Hu CJ, Bai JY. Regulation of the master regulator FOXM1 in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:57. [PMID: 30208972 PMCID: PMC6134757 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a critical proliferation-associated transcription factor that is widely spatiotemporally expressed during the cell cycle. It is closely involved with the processes of cell proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis. In most human cancers, FOXM1 is overexpressed, and this indicates a poor prognosis for cancer patients. FOXM1 maintains cancer hallmarks by regulating the expression of target genes at the transcriptional level. Due to its potential role as molecular target in cancer therapy, FOXM1 was named the Molecule of the Year in 2010. However, the mechanism of FOXM1 dysregulation remains indistinct. A comprehensive understanding of FOXM1 regulation will provide novel insight for cancer and other diseases in which FOXM1 plays a major role. Here, we summarize the transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications of FOXM1, which will provide extremely important implications for novel strategies targeting FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Xin-Zhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Jian-Ying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037 China
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Wu DM, Deng SH, Liu T, Han R, Zhang T, Xu Y. TGF-β-mediated exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5118-5129. [PMID: 30256540 PMCID: PMC6198203 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-mediated exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells; however, whether and how TGF-β-mediated exosomal long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate migration and invasion of lung cancer cells remains unclear. Here, coculture experiments showed that TGF-β pretreatment increased the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells and TGF-β pretreated A549 cells increases vascular permeability. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β-mediated exosomes, as carriers of intercellular communication, regulated lung cancer invasion, and vascular permeability. Transcriptional analysis also revealed that lnc-MMP2-2 was highly enriched in TGF-β-mediated exosomes and might function by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 through its enhancer activity, with ectopic expression and silencing of lnc-MMP2-2 affecting lung cancer invasion and vascular permeability. Additionally, lnc-MMP2-2 and MMP2 expression was assessed semiquantitatively, and tissue-specific correlations between lnc-MMP2-2 and MMP2 expression were evaluated. These results suggested that exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 might regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression, suggesting this lncRNA as a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumor metastasis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hua Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Han
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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23
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Zhao Z, Lu J, Qu H, Wang Z, Liu Q, Yang X, Liu S, Ge J, Xu Y, Li N, Yuan Y. Evaluation and prognostic significance of manganese superoxide dismutase in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 80:87-93. [PMID: 29935195 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is up-regulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and has been implicated in multiple stages of RCC tumorigenesis and progression. However, the prognostic significance of MnSOD in RCC has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of MnSOD in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and evaluate the clinical significance of this enzyme in ccRCC patients. MnSOD mRNA was assessed in 42 ccRCC and 33 normal kidney tissues using the Oncomine database, and its protein was detected in 145 ccRCCs and 3 normal tissues by immunohistochemistry staining. The Oncomine database confirmed higher MnSOD mRNA expression in ccRCC than in normal tissues, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that MnSOD protein expression was inversely associated with pathologic grade, clinical stage, tumor size, M status, and cancer-specific survival. In addition, univariate survival analysis demonstrated that high-grade, late-stage, large tumors, stage M1, and low MnSOD expression were associated with a poorer prognosis for cancer-specific survival, and further multivariate analysis revealed that tumor grade, stage, M1 stage, and MnSOD were identified as independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival in patients with ccRCC. Collectively, these findings imply that MnSOD is a promising prognostic marker in ccRCC and implies that oxidative stress might be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohui Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hongyi Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zunsong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Juntao Ge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yijiao Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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24
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Termini L, Boccardo E, Derchain S, Longatto-Filho A, Andreoli MA, Costa MC, Lima Nunes RA, Lucci Ângelo-Andrade LA, Villa LL, Zeferino LC. Strong SOD2 expression and HPV-16/18 positivity are independent events in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21630-21640. [PMID: 29774090 PMCID: PMC5955150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that persistent infection with high-risk HPV (hr-HPV), mostly HPV-16 and 18, is the main cause of cervical cancer development. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) are highly expressed in different neoplasia. The present study investigated SOD2 protein expression and the presence of hr-HPV types in 297 cervical samples including non-neoplastic tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Strong SOD2 expression was significantly higher in ADC (82%) than CIN3 (52%) or SCC (64%). There was no association between SOD2 expression and HPV 16 and/or 18 detection for every lesion analyzed. Binary Logist Regression revealed that strong SOD2 expression (OR: 27.50, 6.16-122.81) and HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 (OR: 12.67, 4.04-39.74) were independently more associated with CIN3 than non-neoplastic cervix. Strong SOD2 expression (OR: 3.30, 1.23-8.86) and HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 (OR: 3.51, 1.03-11.87) were independently more associated with ADC than SCC. Similar findings for SOD2 expression were observed by the Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test, controlling for HPV-16 and/or HPV 18. In conclusion, the expression of SOD2 was increased in CIN3 and SCC, and more increased in cervical ADC than in SCC. Strong SOD2 expression was statistically independent of the presence of HPV 16 and/or 18. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial antioxidant system and HPV infection could follow independent pathways in the carcinogenesis of cervical epithelium and in the differentiation to SCC or ADC of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Termini
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP - Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecololy, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Cecília Costa
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecololy, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Li S, Mao Y, Zhou T, Luo C, Xie J, Qi W, Yang Z, Ma J, Gao G, Yang X. Manganese superoxide dismutase mediates anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32408-20. [PMID: 27083052 PMCID: PMC5078022 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells are able to survive the loss of attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) by developing resistance to anoikis, a specialized form of apoptosis. Here we investigated resistance to anoikis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC). When detached in culture, the highly metastatic S18 NPC cell line exhibited strong resistance to anoikis, as compared to the poorly metastatic S26 NPC cell line. With loss of attachment, S18 cells had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. MnSOD knockdown increased the levels of ROS and diminished resistance to anoikis in S18 cells. Conversely, removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using NAC or overexpression of MnSOD in S26 cells induced resistance to anoikis. Blocking β-catenin through RNA interference down-regulated MnSOD expression and enhanced anoikis in S18 cells, while β-catenin overexpression enhanced MnSOD expression and suppressed anoikis in S26 cells. In addition, knockdown of MnSOD in S18 cells reduced colony formation in vitro and ameliorated lung metastasis in vivo. In patients with NPC, MnSOD expression was positively correlated with pathologic tumor stages and negatively correlated with overall survival. These results establish MnSOD as a key mediator of anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis and suggest that β-catenin/MnSOD could be a therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianXing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-Sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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27
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Loo SY, Hirpara JL, Pandey V, Tan TZ, Yap CT, Lobie PE, Thiery JP, Goh BC, Pervaiz S, Clément MV, Kumar AP. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression Regulates the Switch Between an Epithelial and a Mesenchymal-Like Phenotype in Breast Carcinoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:283-99. [PMID: 27400860 PMCID: PMC4991580 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is characterized by the acquisition of invasive fibroblast-like morphology by epithelial cells that are highly polarized. EMT is recognized as a crucial mechanism in cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we sought to assess the involvement of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) during the switch between epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like phenotypes in breast carcinoma. RESULTS Analysis of breast carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed strong positive correlation between tumors' EMT score and the expression of MnSOD. This positive correlation between MnSOD and EMT score was significant and consistent across all breast cancer subtypes. Similarly, a positive correlation of EMT score and MnSOD expression was observed in established cell lines derived from breast cancers exhibiting phenotypes ranging from the most epithelial to the most mesenchymal. Interestingly, using phenotypically distinct breast cancer cell lines, we provide evidence that constitutively high or induced expression of MnSOD promotes the EMT-like phenotype by way of a redox milieu predominantly driven by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Conversely, gene knockdown of MnSOD results in the reversal of EMT to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)-like program, which appears to be a function of superoxide (O2(-•))-directed signaling. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data underscore the involvement of MnSOD in regulating the switch between the EMT and MET-associated phenotype by influencing cellular redox environment via its effect on the intracellular ratio between O2(-•) and H2O2. Strategies to manipulate MnSOD expression and/or the cellular redox milieu vis-a-vis O2(-•):H2O2 could have potential therapeutic implications. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 283-299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Yue Loo
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,2 Genome Institute of Singapore , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayshree L Hirpara
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay Pandey
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celestial T Yap
- 4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter E Lobie
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,7 Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,8 Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia .,9 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie-Véronique Clément
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,9 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,6 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,8 Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia .,10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas
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Kongsema M, Zona S, Karunarathna U, Cabrera E, Man EPS, Yao S, Shibakawa A, Khoo US, Medema RH, Freire R, Lam EWF. RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation in breast cancer epirubicin treatment. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e252. [PMID: 27526106 PMCID: PMC5007831 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor has a central role in genotoxic agent response in breast cancer. FOXM1 is regulated at the post-translational level upon DNA damage, but the key mechanism involved remained enigmatic. RNF168 is a ubiquitination E3-ligase involved in DNA damage response. Western blot and gene promoter-reporter analyses showed that the expression level and transcriptional activity of FOXM1 reduced upon RNF168 overexpression and increased with RNF168 depletion by siRNA, suggesting that RNF168 negatively regulates FOXM1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in MCF-7 cells revealed that RNF168 interacted with FOXM1 and that upon epirubicin treatment FOXM1 downregulation was associated with an increase in RNF168 binding and conjugation to the protein degradation-associated K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Consistently, RNF168 overexpression resulted in an increase in turnover of FOXM1 in MCF-7 cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Conversely, RNF168, knockdown significantly enhanced the half-life of FOXM1 in both absence and presence of epirubicin. Using a SUMOylation-defective FOXM1-5x(K>R) mutant, we demonstrated that SUMOylation is required for the recruitment of RNF168 to mediate FOXM1 degradation. In addition, clonogenic assays also showed that RNF168 mediates epirubicin action through targeting FOXM1, as RNF168 could synergise with epirubicin to repress clonal formation in wild-type but not in FOXM1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The physiological relevance of RNF168-mediated FOXM1 repression is further emphasized by the significant inverse correlation between FOXM1 and RNF168 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Moreover, we also obtained evidence that RNF8 recruits RNF168 to FOXM1 upon epirubicin treatment and cooperates with RNF168 to catalyse FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, these data suggest that RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of SUMOylated FOXM1 in breast cancer genotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Shibakawa
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U-S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sun M, Hong S, Li W, Wang P, You J, Zhang X, Tang F, Wang P, Zhang C. MiR-99a regulates ROS-mediated invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting NOX4. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2755-66. [PMID: 26986073 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-99a is frequently downregulated in various types of human malignancies including lung adenocarcinoma. Recent studies have reported that miR-99a regulates cell growth and cell cycle progression by targeting mTOR, AKT1 and FGFR3. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the modulation of invasion and migration by miR-99a remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the expression of miR-99a and clinical stage or metastasis in 90 matched lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. Downregulation of miR-99a was significantly associated with advanced stage and tumor metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and it was found to be a poor prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, functional experiments found that overexpression of miR-99a inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and Calu3 cells in vitro. We then identified NOX4 as a target gene of miR-99a and NOX4 mediated the inhibition of invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by miR-99a. By targeting NOX4-mediated ROS production, miR-99a regulated the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-99a significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining analysis of the mouse tumor tissues revealed that NOX4 levels were downregulated in the miR-99a treatment group, confirming the in vitro data of NOX4 as a direct target gene of miR-99a. Taken together, these data indicate for the first time that miR-99a directly regulates the invasion and migration in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting NOX4 and that overexpression of miR-99a may become a therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Shunming Hong
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huan Hu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Abstract
To date no models exist to study MnSOD deficiency in human cells. To address this deficiency, we created a SOD2-null human cell line that is completely devoid of detectable MnSOD protein expression and enzyme activity. We utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate biallelic SOD2 disruption in HEK293T cells. These SOD2-null cells exhibit impaired clonogenic activity, which was rescued by either treatment with GC4419, a pharmacological small-molecule mimic of SOD, or growth in hypoxia. The phenotype of these cells is primarily characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. The SOD2-null cells displayed perturbations in their mitochondrial ultrastructure and preferred glycolysis as opposed to oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. The activities of mitochondrial complex I and II were both significantly impaired by the absence of MnSOD activity, presumably from disruption of the Fe/S centers in NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B by the aberrant redox state in the mitochondrial matrix of SOD2-null cells. By creating this model we provide a novel tool with which to study the consequences of lack of MnSOD activity in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Cramer-Morales
- Department of Radiation Oncology, B180 Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Collin D Heer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, B180 Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, B180 Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, B180 Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.
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Chen PM, Cheng YW, Wu TC, Chen CY, Lee H. MnSOD overexpression confers cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via the NF-κB/Snail/Bcl-2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:127-37. [PMID: 25499851 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been shown to be associated with doxorubicin resistance in gastric cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism of MnSOD in drug resistance remains unclear. A recent study indicated that NF-κB activation by MnSOD promoted tumor malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that MnSOD-mediated NF-κB activation might confer cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via the NF-κB/Bcl-2/Snail pathway. Here, the inhibition concentration of cisplatin with 50% cell viability (IC50) was positively correlated with MnSOD expression and its activity in a panel of lung adenocarcinoma cells. The IC50 value was markedly increased and decreased by MnSOD overexpression and knockdown, respectively, in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, an increase in Bcl-2 by MnSOD-mediated NF-κB activation confers greater cisplatin resistance than cIAP2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and Snail. MnSOD-mediated cisplatin resistance can be overcome by a Bcl-2 antagonist (ABT-199) or IKKβ inhibitor (curcumin) in cells and xenograft tumors. MnSOD expression was positively correlated with nuclear p65 protein and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in tumors from patients with lung adenocarcinomas. A retrospective study indicated that it was more common for MnSOD-positive, nuclear p65-positive, or high Bcl-2 mRNA tumors to have an unfavorable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy than their counterparts. Therefore, we suggest that ABT-199 or curcumin may be potentially useful to improve tumor regression and chemotherapeutic response in patients with MnSOD/Bcl-2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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The forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 promotes endocrine resistance and invasiveness in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer by expansion of stem-like cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:436. [PMID: 25213081 PMCID: PMC4303117 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 coordinates expression of cell cycle-related genes and plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. We previously showed that FOXM1 acts downstream of 14-3-3ζ signaling, the elevation of which correlates with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. However, the role that FOXM1 might play in engendering resistance to endocrine treatments in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) patients when tumor FOXM1 is high has not been clearly defined yet. METHODS We analyzed FOXM1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 501 ER-positive breast cancers. We also mapped genome-wide FOXM1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and ERα binding events by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) in hormone-sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells after tamoxifen treatment. These binding profiles were integrated with gene expression data derived from cells before and after FOXM1 knockdown to highlight specific FOXM1 transcriptional networks. We also modulated the levels of FOXM1 and newly discovered FOXM1-regulated genes and examined their impact on the cancer stem-like cell population and on cell invasiveness and resistance to endocrine treatments. RESULTS FOXM1 protein expression was high in 20% of the tumors, which correlated with significantly reduced survival in these patients (P = 0.003 by logrank Mantel-Cox test). ChIP-seq analyses revealed that FOXM1 binding sites were enriched at the transcription start site of genes involved in cell-cycle progression, maintenance of stem cell properties, and invasion and metastasis, all of which are associated with a poor prognosis in ERα-positive patients treated with tamoxifen. Integration of binding profiles with gene expression highlighted FOXM1 transcriptional networks controlling cell proliferation, stem cell properties, invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of FOXM1 was associated with an expansion of the cancer stem-like cell population and with increased cell invasiveness and resistance to endocrine treatments. Use of a selective FOXM1 inhibitor proved very effective in restoring endocrine therapy sensitivity and decreasing breast cancer aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings uncover novel roles for FOXM1 and FOXM1-regulated genes in promoting cancer stem-like cell properties and therapy resistance. They highlight the relevance of FOXM1 as a therapeutic target to be considered for reducing invasiveness and enhancing breast cancer response to endocrine treatments.
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Hosoya N, Sakumoto M, Tomita Y, Kondo T. Approach to spot overlapping problem in 2D-PAGE revealed clinical and functional significance of RKIP and MnSOD in renal cell carcinoma. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bella L, Zona S, Nestal de Moraes G, Lam EWF. FOXM1: A key oncofoetal transcription factor in health and disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:32-9. [PMID: 25068996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is a bona fide oncofoetal transcription factor, which orchestrates complex temporal and spatial gene expression throughout embryonic and foetal development as well as during adult tissue homeostasis and repair. Controlled FOXM1 expression and activity provides a balanced transcriptional programme to ensure proper growth and maturation during embryogenesis and foetal development as well as to manage appropriate homeostasis and repair of adult tissues. Conversely, deregulated FOXM1 upregulation likely affects cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell renewal, DNA damage repair and cellular senescence, which impact tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. A thorough understanding of the regulation and role of FOXM1 in health and in cancer should contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for cancer as well as congenital disorders and other developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Nestal de Moraes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Kumar AP, Loo SY, Shin SW, Tan TZ, Eng CB, Singh R, Putti TC, Ong CW, Salto-Tellez M, Goh BC, Park JI, Thiery JP, Pervaiz S, Clement MV. Manganese superoxide dismutase is a promising target for enhancing chemosensitivity of basal-like breast carcinoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2326-46. [PMID: 23964924 PMCID: PMC4005493 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although earlier reports highlighted a tumor suppressor role for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), recent evidence indicates increased expression in a variety of human cancers including aggressive breast carcinoma. In the present article, we hypothesized that MnSOD expression is significantly amplified in the aggressive breast carcinoma basal subtype, and targeting MnSOD could be an attractive strategy for enhancing chemosensitivity of this highly aggressive breast cancer subtype. RESULTS Using MDA-MB-231 and BT549 as a model of basal breast cancer cell lines, we show that knockdown of MnSOD decreased the colony-forming ability and sensitized the cells to drug-induced cell death, while drug resistance was associated with increased MnSOD expression. In an attempt to develop a clinically relevant approach to down-regulate MnSOD expression in patients with basal breast carcinoma, we employed activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to repress MnSOD expression; PPARγ activation significantly reduced MnSOD expression, increased chemosensitivity, and inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, as a proof of concept for the clinical use of PPARγ agonists to decrease MnSOD expression, biopsies derived from breast cancer patients who had received synthetic PPARγ ligands as anti-diabetic therapy had significantly reduced MnSOD expression. Finally, we provide evidence to implicate peroxynitrite as the mechanism involved in the increased sensitivity to chemotherapy induced by MnSOD repression. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data provide evidence to link increased MnSOD expression with the aggressive basal breast cancer, and underscore the judicious use of PPARγ ligands for specifically down-regulating MnSOD to increase the chemosensitivity of this subtype of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Prem Kumar
- 1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Li G, Li X, Wu H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu X, Cui L, Wu L, Luo J, Liu XY. CD123 targeting oncolytic adenoviruses suppress acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e194. [PMID: 24658372 PMCID: PMC3972701 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel strategy to redirect oncolytic adenoviruses to CD123 by carry a soluble coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (sCAR)-IL3 expression cassette in the viral genome to form Ad.IL3, which sustainably infected acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through CD123. Ad.IL3 was further engineered to harbor gene encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or mannose-binding plant lectin Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin (PPA), forming Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA. As compared with Ad.IL3 or Ad.sp-E1A control, Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA significantly suppressed in vitro proliferation of HL60 and KG-1 cells. Elevated apoptosis was detected in HL60 and KG-1 cells treated with either Ad.IL3-MnSOD or Ad.IL3-PPA. The caspase-9–caspase-7 pathway was determined to be activated by Ad.IL3-MnSOD as well as by Ad.IL3-PPA in HL60 cells. In an HL60/Luc xenograft nonobese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficiency mice model, Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA suppressed cancer cell growth as compared with Ad.IL3. A significant difference of cancer cell burden was detected between Ad.IL3 and Ad.IL3-PPA groups at day 9 after treatment. Furthermore, Ad.IL3-MnSOD significantly prolonged mouse survival as compared with Ad.sp-E1A. These findings demonstrated that Ad.IL3-gene could serve as a novel agent for AML therapy. Harboring sCAR-ligand expression cassette in the viral genome may provide a universal method to redirect oncolytic adenoviruses to various membrane receptors on cancer cells resisting serotype 5 adenovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cronin-Fenton DP, Christensen M, Lash TL, Ahern TP, Pedersen L, Garne JP, Ewertz M, Autrup H, Sørensen HT, Hamilton-Dutoit S. Manganese superoxide dismutase and breast cancer recurrence: a Danish clinical registry-based case-control study, and a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87450. [PMID: 24498107 PMCID: PMC3909115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) inhibits oxidative damage and cancer therapy effectiveness. A polymorphism in its encoding gene (SOD2: Val16Ala rs4880) may confer poorer breast cancer survival, but data are inconsistent. We examined the association of SOD2 genotype and breast cancer recurrence (BCR) among patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy (Cyclo). We compared our findings with published studies using meta-analyses. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of BCR among women in Jutland, Denmark. Subjects were diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer from 1990-2001, received adjuvant Cyclo, and were registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. We identified 118 patients with BCR and 213 matched breast cancer controls. We genotyped SOD2 and used conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of BCR. We used random-effects meta-analytic models to evaluate the association of SOD2 polymorphisms and BCR. RESULTS The frequency of the SOD2-Ala allele was 70% in cases versus 71% in controls; 40% versus 44% were heterozygotes, and 30% versus 25% were homozygotes, respectively. Heterozygote and homozygote carriers of the Ala allele had no increased rate of BCR (OR = 1.1, 95%CI = 0.65, 2.0, and OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.47, 1.6, respectively). Five studies informed the meta-analytic models; summary estimates associating BCR for homozygote, or any inheritance of the variant Ala allele were 1.18 (95%CI = 0.74, 1.88), and 1.18, (95%CI = 0.91, 1.54), respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings do not suggest that MnSOD enzymatic activity, as measured by SOD2 genotype, affects rates of BCR among patients treated with Cyclo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Ahern
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Garne
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Breast Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Ewertz
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Herman Autrup
- Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wierstra I. The transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1): proliferation-specific expression, transcription factor function, target genes, mouse models, and normal biological roles. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:97-398. [PMID: 23768511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor, which stimulates cell proliferation and exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern. Accordingly, both the expression and the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 are increased by proliferation signals, but decreased by antiproliferation signals, including the positive and negative regulation by protooncoproteins or tumor suppressors, respectively. FOXM1 stimulates cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Moreover, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. Accordingly, FOXM1 regulates the expression of genes, whose products control G1/S-transition, S-phase progression, G2/M-transition, and M-phase progression. Additionally, FOXM1 target genes encode proteins with functions in the execution of DNA replication and mitosis. FOXM1 is a transcriptional activator with a forkhead domain as DNA binding domain and with a very strong acidic transactivation domain. However, wild-type FOXM1 is (almost) inactive because the transactivation domain is repressed by three inhibitory domains. Inactive FOXM1 can be converted into a very potent transactivator by activating signals, which release the transactivation domain from its inhibition by the inhibitory domains. FOXM1 is essential for embryonic development and the foxm1 knockout is embryonically lethal. In adults, FOXM1 is important for tissue repair after injury. FOXM1 prevents premature senescence and interferes with contact inhibition. FOXM1 plays a role for maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and for self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The functions of FOXM1 in prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy and in homologous recombination repair of DNA-double-strand breaks suggest an importance of FOXM1 for the maintenance of genomic stability and chromosomal integrity.
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Wierstra I. FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) in tumorigenesis: overexpression in human cancer, implication in tumorigenesis, oncogenic functions, tumor-suppressive properties, and target of anticancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 119:191-419. [PMID: 23870513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor and is also intimately involved in tumorigenesis. FOXM1 stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Additionally, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. In accordance with its role in stimulation of cell proliferation, FOXM1 exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern and its expression is regulated by proliferation and anti-proliferation signals as well as by proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Since these factors are often mutated, overexpressed, or lost in human cancer, the normal control of the foxm1 expression by them provides the basis for deregulated FOXM1 expression in tumors. Accordingly, FOXM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FOXM1 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, because it contributes to oncogenic transformation and participates in tumor initiation, growth, and progression, including positive effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated lung inflammation, self-renewal capacity of cancer cells, prevention of premature cellular senescence, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, in the context of urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis, FOXM1 has an unexpected tumor suppressor role in endothelial cells because it limits pulmonary inflammation and canonical Wnt signaling in epithelial lung cells, thereby restricting carcinogenesis. Accordingly, FOXM1 plays a role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and maintenance of genomic stability, that is, prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy. The implication of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and several antitumor drugs have been reported to decrease FOXM1 expression.
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