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Korenjak M, Temiz NA, Keita S, Chavanel B, Renard C, Sirand C, Cahais V, Mayel T, Vevang KR, Jacobs FC, Guo J, Smith WE, Oram MK, Tăbăran FA, Ahlat O, Cornax I, O'Sullivan MG, Das S, Nandi SP, Cheng Y, Alexandrov LB, Balbo S, Hecht SS, Senkin S, Virard F, Peterson LA, Zavadil J. Human cancer genomes harbor the mutational signature of tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.600253. [PMID: 38979250 PMCID: PMC11230374 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco usage is linked to multiple cancer types and accounts for a quarter of all cancer-related deaths. Tobacco smoke contains various carcinogenic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), though the mutagenic potential of many tobacco-related chemicals remains largely unexplored. In particular, the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK form pre-mutagenic pyridyloxobutyl (POB) DNA adducts. In the study presented here, we identified genome-scale POB-induced mutational signatures in cell lines and rat tumors, while also investigating their role in human cancer. These signatures are characterized by T>N and C>T mutations forming from specific POB adducts damaging dT and dC residues. Analysis of 2,780 cancer genomes uncovered POB signatures in ∼180 tumors; from cancer types distinct from the ones linked to smoking-related signatures SBS4 and SBS92. This suggests that, unlike PAH compounds, the POB pathway may contribute uniquely to the mutational landscapes of certain hematological malignancies and cancers of the kidney, breast, prostate and pancreas.
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Cheng G, Guo J, Wang R, Yuan JM, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Quantitation by Liquid Chromatography-Nanoelectrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Multiple DNA Adducts Related to Cigarette Smoking in Oral Cells in the Shanghai Cohort Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:305-312. [PMID: 36719849 PMCID: PMC10148603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-NSI-HRMS/MS) method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of 5 oral cell DNA adducts associated with cigarette smoking: (8R/S)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10(3H)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo, 1) from acrolein; (6S,8S and 6R,8R)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10(3H)-one [(6S,8S)γ-OH-Cro-dGuo, 2; and (6R,8R)γ-OH-Cro-dGuo, 3] from crotonaldehyde; 1,N6-etheno-dAdo (4) from acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation; and 8-oxo-dGuo (5) from oxidative damage. Oral cell DNA was isolated in the presence of glutathione to prevent artifact formation. Clear LC-NSI-HRMS/MS chromatograms were obtained allowing quantitation of each adduct using the appropriately labeled internal standards. The accuracy and precision of the method were validated, and the assay limit of quantitation was 5 fmol/μmol dGuo for adducts 1-4 and 20 fmol/μmol for adduct 5. The assay was applied to 80 buccal cell samples selected from those collected in the Shanghai Cohort Study: 40 from current smokers and 40 from never smokers. Significant differences were found in all adduct levels between smokers and nonsmokers. Levels of 8-oxo-dGuo (5) were at least 3000 times greater than those of the other adducts in both smokers and nonsmokers, and the difference between amounts of this adduct in smokers versus nonsmokers, while significant (P = 0.013), was not as great as the differences of the other DNA adducts between smokers and nonsmokers (P-values all less than 0.001). No significant relationship of adduct levels to risk of lung cancer incidence was found. This study provides a new LC-NSI-HRMS/MS methodology for the quantitation of diverse DNA adducts resulting from exposure to the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes acrolein and crotonaldehyde, inflammation, and oxidative damage which are all associated with carcinogenesis. We anticipate application of this assay in ongoing studies of the molecular epidemiology of cancers of the lung and oral cavity related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiehong Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renwei Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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Schuch LF, Viana KSS, Arruda JAAD, Abreu LG, Aguiar MCFD, Bernardes VF. Effects of tobacco on the DNA of smokers and non-smokers affected by OSCC: systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e008. [PMID: 36629591 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence about genetic and molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among smokers and non-smokers is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of tobacco on the DNA of individuals with OSCC based on protein mutations. Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify observational studies published up to January/2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the critical appraisal of studies. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated. Twenty-three studies assessing 4,060 individuals (2,967 smokers vs. 1,093 non-smokers) were included in this review. Fifteen groups of proteins/genes were investigated. Analysis of the quality of articles revealed low risk of bias in most studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low. The meta-analysis confirmed no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers with respect to damage to GSTM1 (OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.30-1.18), GSTT1 (OR: 1.18; 95%CI:0.49-2.83), hydrolase proteins (Ku70 and Ku80) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.18-3.05), and transferase proteins (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.47-1.18). Most of the studies included showed that smokers are more likely to exhibit genetic instability. However, the meta-analysis revealed that smokers do not necessarily have more genetic alterations in the DNA than non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karolina Skarlet Silva Viana
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fátima Bernardes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Biological Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Vishwakarma A, Srivastava A, Mishra S, Verma D. Taxonomic and functional profiling of Indian smokeless tobacco bacteriome uncovers several bacterial-derived risks to human health. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:20. [PMID: 36409379 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption keeps human oral health at high risk which is one of the major reasons for oral tumorigenesis. The chemical constituents of the ST products have been well discussed; however, the inhabitant microbial diversity of the ST products is less explored especially from south Asian regions. Therefore, the present investigation discusses the bacteriome-based analysis of indigenous tobacco products. The study relies on 16S amplicon-based bacteriome analysis of Indian smokeless tobacco (ST) products using a metagenomic approach. A total of 59,15,143 high-quality reads were assigned to 34 phyla, 82 classes, 176 orders, 256 families, 356 genera, and 154 species using the SILVA database. Of the phyla (> 1%), Firmicutes dominate among the Indian smokeless tobacco followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria (> 1%). Whereas, at the genera level (> 1%), Lysinibacillus, Dickeya, Terribacillus, and Bacillus dominate. The comparative analysis between the loose tobacco (LT) and commercial tobacco (CT) groups showed no significant difference at the phyla level, however, only three genera (Bacillus, Aerococcus, and Halomonas) were identified as significantly different between the groups. It indicates that CT and LT tobacco share similar bacterial diversity and poses equal health risks to human oral health. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt 2.0) based analysis uncovered several genes involved in nitrate/nitrite reduction, biofilm formation, and pro-inflammation that find roles in oral pathogenesis including oral cancer. The strong correlation analysis of these genes with several pathogenic bacteria suggests that tobacco products pose a high bacterial-derived risk to human health. The study paves the way to understand the bacterial diversity of Indian smokeless tobacco products and their putative functions with respect to human oral health. The study grabs attention to the bacterial diversity of the smokeless tobacco products from a country where tobacco consumers are rampantly prevalent however oral health is of least concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Vishwakarma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- Department of Bio-Statistics and Data Management, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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Chen KM, Sun YW, Krebs NM, Sun D, Krzeminski J, Reinhart L, Gowda K, Amin S, Mallery S, Richie JP, El-Bayoumy K. Detection of DNA adducts derived from the tobacco carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in human oral buccal cells. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:746-753. [PMID: 35749296 PMCID: PMC9486590 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as potential etiological agents in the development of oral cancer in smokers. In particular, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DB[a,l]P) are detected in cigarette smoke and the environment and can induce DNA damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity of rodents. Consequently, DNA adducts are regarded as the most direct markers of genotoxicity and can be used as biomarkers of cancer risk. Thus, this study used LC-MS/MS analysis with isotope labeled internal standard to detect and quantify DNA adducts derived from B[a]P and DB[a,l]P in buccal cells of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Participants in this study include 21 smokers and 16 non-smokers. Our data are the first to report that levels (mean ± SD) of BPDE-N2-dG were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in smokers (20.18 ± 8.40 adducts/108 dG) than in non-smokers (0.84 ± 1.02 adducts/108 dG). Likewise, levels of DBPDE-N6-dA in smokers (5.49 ± 3.41 adducts/108 dA) were significantly higher (P = 0.019) than non-smokers (2.76 ± 2.29 adducts/108 dA). Collectively, the results of this clinical study support that PAHs in tobacco smoke can contribute to the development of oral cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicolle M Krebs
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Reinhart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan Mallery
- College of Dentistry, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Novel Systemic Treatment Modalities Including Immunotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy for Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147889. [PMID: 35887235 PMCID: PMC9320653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease recurrence and/or metastasis, which can threaten their long-term survival. HNSCCs located in the oral cavity and larynx are usually associated with tobacco and/or alcohol use, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV16 infection, is increasingly recognized as a cause of oropharyngeal HNSCC. Despite clinical, histologic, and molecular differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs, current treatment approaches are the same. For recurrent disease, these strategies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy with PD-1-inhibitors, or a monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, that targets epidermal growth factor; these therapies can be administered either as single agents or in combination. However, these treatment strategies carry a high risk of toxic side effects; therefore, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. The landscape of HNSCC therapy is changing significantly; numerous clinical trials are underway to test novel therapeutic options like adaptive cellular therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, new targeted therapy agents, novel immunotherapy combinations, and therapeutic vaccines. This review helps in understanding the various developments in HNSCC therapy and sheds light on the path ahead in terms of further research in this field.
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Hu Q, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS, Aly FZ, Huo Z, Xing C. Characterization of adductomic totality of NNK, (R)-NNAL and (S)-NNAL in A/J mice, and their correlations with distinct lung carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:170-181. [PMID: 34919675 PMCID: PMC8947227 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While tobacco use is the main cause, only 10-20% of smokers eventually develop clinical lung cancer. Thus, the ability of lung cancer risk prediction among smokers could transform lung cancer management with early preventive interventions. Given that DNA damage by tobacco carcinogens is the potential root cause of lung carcinogenesis, we characterized the adductomic totality of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (a potent lung carcinogen in tobacco, commonly known as NNK) in the target lung tissues, the liver tissues and the peripheral serum samples in a single-dose NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis A/J mouse model. We also characterized these adductomic totalities from the two enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the major in vivo metabolite of NNK) given their distinct carcinogenicity in A/J mice. With these adductomic data, we demonstrated that tissue protein adductomics have the highest abundance. We also identified that the adductomic levels at the 8 h time point after carcinogen exposure were among the highest. More importantly, the relationships among these adductomics were characterized with overall strong positive linear correlations, demonstrating the potential of using peripheral serum protein adductomics to reflect DNA adductomics in the target lung tissues. Lastly, we explored the relationships of these adductomics with lung tumor status in A/J mice, providing preliminary but promising evidence of the feasibility of lung cancer risk prediction using peripheral adductomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - F Zahra Aly
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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El-Bayoumy K, Stoner G. Use of Freeze-dried Watercress for Detoxification of Carcinogens and Toxicants in Smokers: Implications of the Findings and Potential Opportunities. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:139-141. [PMID: 35247882 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bonorden and colleagues designed a clinical trial to test the hypothesis that daily consumption of freeze-dried watercress, a rich source of the chemopreventive agent phenethyl isothiocyanate, can enhance the detoxification of well-known tobacco and environmental carcinogens and toxicants. Initial results have validated subject compliance and a positive outcome of this study would further support the use of watercress as a whole food-based approach to cancer chemoprevention. On the basis of the design of the clinical trial and the various biological samples to be collected, we discuss potential opportunities to test future hypotheses. See related article, p. 143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Stoner
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK. Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:143-155. [PMID: 34980891 PMCID: PMC9308447 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco products present a deadly combination of nicotine addiction and carcinogen exposure resulting in millions of cancer deaths per year worldwide. A plethora of smokeless tobacco products lead to unacceptable exposure to multiple carcinogens, including the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N'-nitrosonornicotine, a likely cause of the commonly occurring oral cavity cancers observed particularly in South-East Asian countries. Cigarettes continue to deliver a large number of carcinogens, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The multiple carcinogens in cigarette smoke are responsible for the complex mutations observed in critical cancer genes. The exposure of smokeless tobacco users and smokers to carcinogens and toxicants can now be monitored by urinary and DNA adduct biomarkers that may be able to identify those individuals at highest risk of cancer so that effective cancer prevention interventions can be initiated. Regulation of the levels of carcinogens, toxicants and nicotine in tobacco products and evidence-based tobacco control efforts are now recognized as established pathways to preventing tobacco related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Powell SF, Vu L, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. The Key Differences between Human Papillomavirus-Positive and -Negative Head and Neck Cancers: Biological and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5206. [PMID: 34680354 PMCID: PMC8533896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a unique malignancy associated with two distinct risk factors: exposure to typical carcinogens and infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV encodes the potent oncoproteins E6 and E7, which bypass many important oncogenic processes and result in cancer development. In contrast, HPV-negative HNSCC is developed through multiple mutations in diverse oncogenic driver genes. While the risk factors associated with HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs are discrete, HNSCC patients still show highly complex molecular signatures, immune infiltrations, and treatment responses even within the same anatomical subtypes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of biological mechanisms, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes in comparison between HPV-positive and -negative HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F. Powell
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Lexi Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - William C. Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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12
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Papenberg BW, Ingles J, Gao S, Feng J, Allen JL, Markwell SM, Interval ET, Montague PA, Wen S, Weed SA. Copy number alterations identify a smoking-associated expression signature predictive of poor outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:136-148. [PMID: 34130230 PMCID: PMC8273756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), partially due to tobacco-induced large-scale chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs). Identifying CNAs caused by smoking is essential in determining how gene expression from such regions impact tumor progression and patient outcome. We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) whole genome sequencing data for HNSCC to directly identify amplified or deleted genes correlating with smoking pack-year based on linear modeling. Internal cross-validation identified 35 CNAs that significantly correlated with patient smoking, independent of human papillomavirus (HPV) status. The most abundant CNAs were chromosome 11q13.3-q14.4 amplification and 9p23.1/9p24.1 deletion. Evaluation of patient amplicons reveals four different patterns of 11q13 gene amplification in HNSCC resulting from breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) events. . Predictive modeling identified 16 genes from these regions that denote poorer overall and disease-free survival with increased pack-year use, constituting a smoking-associated expression signature (SAES). Patients with altered expression of signature genes have increased risk of death and enhanced cervical lymph node involvement. The identified SAES can be utilized as a novel predictor of increased disease aggressiveness and poor outcome in smoking-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Si Gao
- Department of Biostatistics USA
| | | | - Jessica L Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Cancer Cell Biology USA
| | | | - Erik T Interval
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506 USA
| | - Phillip A Montague
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506 USA
| | | | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Cancer Cell Biology USA.
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Laytragoon Lewin N, Karlsson JE, Robinsson D, Fagerberg M, Kentsson M, Sayardoust S, Nilsson M, Shamoun L, Andersson BÅ, Löfgren S, Rutqvist LE, Lewin F. Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms among cigarette smoking and non-smoking patients with coronary artery disease, urinary bladder cancer and lung cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243084. [PMID: 33507988 PMCID: PMC7842923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoke is suggested to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), urinary bladder cancer (UBCa) or lung cancer (LCa). However, not all heavy smokers develop these diseases and elevated cancer risk among first-degree relatives suggests an important role of genetic factor. Methods Three hundred and ten healthy blood donors (controls), 98 CAD, 74 UBCa and 38 LCa patients were included in this pilot study. The influence of 92 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and impact of cigarette smoking were analysed. Results Out of 92 SNPs tested, differences in distribution of 14 SNPs were detected between controls and patient groups. Only CTLA4 rs3087243 showed difference in both CAD and UBCa patient group compared to control group. Stratified by smoking status, the impact of smoking was associated to frequencies of 8, 3 and 4 SNPs in CAD, UBCa, LCa patients, respectively. None of these 92 SNPs showed a statistically significant difference to more than one type of disease among smoking patients. In non-smoking patients, 7, 3 and 6 SNPs were associated to CAD, UBCa, LCa, respectively. Out of these 92 SNPs, CTLA4 rs3087243 was associated to both non-smoking CAD and UBCa. The XRCC1 rs25487 was associated to both non-smoking UBCa and LCa. Conclusion SNPs might be important risk factors for CAD, UBCa and LCa. Distribution of the SNPs was specific for each patient group, not a random event. Impact of cigarette smoking on the disease was associated to the specific SNP sequences. Thus, smoking individuals with SNPs associated to risk of these serious diseases is an important target group for smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
- Dept of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Magnus Kentsson
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Nilsson
- Futurum, Academy of Health and Care, Region Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden
- Dept Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Levar Shamoun
- Dept Laboratory Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Sture Löfgren
- Dept Laboratory Medicine, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Freddi Lewin
- Dept Oncology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
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14
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Geiger JL, Cedars ED, Zang Y, Normolle DP, Li H, Grandis JR, Centuori S, Johnson DE, Bauman JE. Clinical trials optimizing investigator and self-collection of buccal cells for RNA yield. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:116-121. [PMID: 33614939 PMCID: PMC7883625 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Buccal cells are an ideal surrogate tissue for studying biologic effects of carcinogens or drugs, however inherent fragility and salivary RNAses limit RNA yield. We conducted healthy volunteer trials to optimize collection conditions. Methods We conducted: (a) a single‐arm crossover study evaluating four test conditions on RNA yield by buccal cytobrush; (b) a single‐arm prospective study evaluating RNA yield by investigator vs self‐collection. Results Antecedent toothbrushing, time of day, and number of cytobrush strokes did not significantly impact RNA yield. RNA yield was doubled by using 2 vs 1 cytobrush per buccal surface (P = .0054). Self‐collection of buccal cells for RNA was feasible; 36 of 50 (72%) samples passed quality control. Conclusion RNA yield was doubled by using two cytobrushes per buccal surface. Healthy volunteers can self‐collect sufficient buccal RNA for gene expression studies. Techniques from these pragmatic trials could enhance availability of a limited tissue for serial biomarker measurements. Level of Evidence 1b—Prognosis Study (Individual prospective cohort study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Elizabeth D Cedars
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Yan Zang
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Daniel P Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Sara Centuori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Julie E Bauman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA
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15
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Peterson LA, Balbo S, Fujioka N, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Stepanov I, Tretyakova NY, Turesky RJ, Villalta PW. Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1904-1919. [PMID: 32051197 PMCID: PMC7423750 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors. Biomarkers of exposure and risk developed by our team have provided critical data on internal exposure to toxic and genotoxic chemicals and their connection to cancer in humans. This review highlights our research using biomarkers to identify key factors influencing cancer risk as well as their application to assess the effectiveness of exposure intervention and chemoprevention protocols. The use of these biomarkers to understand individual susceptibility to the harmful effects of tobacco products is a powerful example of the value of this type of research and has provided key data confirming the link between tobacco smoke exposure and cancer risk. Furthermore, this information has led to policy changes that have reduced tobacco use and consequently, the tobacco-related cancer burden. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry led to the ability to detect DNA damage in human tissues as well as the development of adductomic approaches. These new methods allowed for the detection of DNA adducts in tissues from patients with cancer, providing key evidence that exposure to carcinogens leads to DNA damage in the target tissue. These advances will provide valuable insights into the etiologic causes of cancer that are not tobacco-related.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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16
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Paiano V, Maertens L, Guidolin V, Yang J, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Nanoelectrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Acrolein-DNA Adducts and Etheno-DNA Adducts in Oral Cells from Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2197-2207. [PMID: 32635726 PMCID: PMC8185904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important source of human exposure to toxicants and carcinogens and contributes significantly to cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acrolein, a widespread environmental pollutant, is present in relatively high amounts in cigarette smoke and can react directly with DNA to form DNA adducts, which serve as important biomarkers for the assessment of exposure to acrolein and its potential role in smoking related cancer. Etheno-DNA adducts are promutagenic DNA lesions that can derive from exogenous chemicals as well as endogenous sources, including lipid peroxidation. In this study, we developed a combined method for the quantitation of (6R/S)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-6-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10(3H)-one (α-OH-Acr-dGuo), (8R/S)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10(3H)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo), 1,N6-etheno-dAdo (εdAdo), and 3,N4-etheno-dCyd (εdCyd) adducts in oral rinse and cytobrush DNA from smokers and nonsmokers by liquid chromatography-nanoelelctrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-NSI-HRMS/MS). For oral rinse samples, there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of α-OH-Acr-dGuo, γ-OH-Acr-dGuo, εdAdo, and εdCyd in smokers (12.1 ± 17.9, 163 ± 227, 182 ± 568, and 194 ± 400 adducts/109 nucleotides, respectively) and nonsmokers (1.85 ± 2.08, 5.95 ± 4.23, 7.69 ± 11.7, and 6.07 ± 10.9 adducts/109 nucleotides, respectively). For cytobrush samples, there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of γ-OH-Acr-dGuo and εdAdo in smokers (259 ± 540 and 82.9 ± 271 adducts/109 nucleotides, respectively) and nonsmokers (7.37 ± 5.09 and 16.2 ± 30.2 adducts/109 nucleotides, respectively) but not for α-OH-Acr-dGuo and εdCyd. Our results demonstrate that oral mucosa cells are an excellent source of material for evaluating DNA adducts to be used as biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and molecular changes potentially related to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Paiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Laura Maertens
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Silvia Balbo and Stephen S. Hecht contributed equally to this study
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Silvia Balbo and Stephen S. Hecht contributed equally to this study
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17
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Nasrin S, Chen G, Watson CJW, Lazarus P. Comparison of tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels in smokeless tobacco products: High levels in products from Bangladesh. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233111. [PMID: 32453764 PMCID: PMC7250445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh exhibits the second highest rate of smokeless tobacco (SLT) product usage in the world, and this has been associated with the high upper aerodigestive tract cancer incidence in this country. The goal of the present study was to examine the levels of the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in Bangladeshi SLT products and compare these levels to that observed in SLT brands from southeast Asia and the USA. The levels of TSNAs and nicotine were determined by LC-MS/MS in twenty-eight SLT brands and several tobacco additives from Bangladesh, as well as several SLT brands from India, Pakistan and the USA. The levels of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) in Bangladeshi SLT brands ranged from 1.1-59, 0.15-34, 0.79-45, and 0.037-13 μg/g SLT powder, respectively. The mean levels of the highly carcinogenic TSNAs (NNN+NNK) were 7.4-, 2.4-, and 63-fold higher in Bangladeshi SLT products as compared to SLT brands from the USA, India and Pakistan, respectively; these trends were also observed for NAT and NAB. Similar mean levels of nicotine were observed in the Bangladeshi brands (31 mg/g powder) versus brands from the USA (25 mg/g powder) and India (20 mg/g powder); they were 3-fold higher than brands from Pakistan (10 mg/g powder). Gul SLT brands exhibited the highest pH and the highest levels of unprotonated nicotine. The high levels of TSNAs in Bangladeshi SLT brands may be an important factor contributing to the high rates of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamema Nasrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christy J. W. Watson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
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18
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El-Bayoumy K, Christensen ND, Hu J, Viscidi R, Stairs DB, Walter V, Chen KM, Sun YW, Muscat JE, Richie JP. An Integrated Approach for Preventing Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers: Two Etiologies with Distinct and Shared Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:649-660. [PMID: 32434808 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was the 7th most common malignancy worldwide in 2018 and despite therapeutic advances, the overall survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; ∼50%) has remained unchanged for decades. The most common types are OSCC and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC, survival rate ∼85%). Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor of HNSCC. In the developed world, the incidence of OSCC is declining as a result of tobacco cessation programs. However, OPSCC, which is also linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is on the rise and now ranks as the most common HPV-related cancer. The current state of knowledge indicates that HPV-associated disease differs substantially from other types of HNSCC and distinct biological differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC have been identified. Although risk factors have been extensively discussed in the literature, there are multiple clinically relevant questions that remain unanswered and even unexplored. Moreover, existing approaches (e.g., tobacco cessation, vaccination, and chemoprevention) to manage and control this disease remain a challenge. Thus, in this review, we discuss potential future basic research that can assist in a better understanding of disease pathogenesis which may lead to novel and more effective preventive strategies for OSCC and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Neil D Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raphael Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas B Stairs
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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19
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Sharma AK, DeBusk WT, Stepanov I, Gomez A, Khariwala SS. Oral Microbiome Profiling in Smokers with and without Head and Neck Cancer Reveals Variations Between Health and Disease. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:463-474. [PMID: 32071121 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While smoking is inextricably linked to oral/head and neck cancer (HNSCC), only a small fraction of smokers develop HNSCC. Thus, we have sought to identify other factors, which may influence the development of HNSCC in smokers including microbiology. To determine microbial associations with HNSCC among tobacco users, we characterized oral microbiome composition in smokers with and without HNSCC. 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing was used to examine the oral mucosa microbiome of 27 smokers with (cases) and 24 without HNSCC (controls). In addition, we correlated previously reported levels of DNA damage with the microbiome data. Smokers with HNSCC showed lower microbiome richness compared with controls (q = 0.012). Beta-diversity analyses, assessed as UniFrac (weighted and unweighted) and Bray-Curtis distances, showed significant differences in oral mucosal microbiome signatures between cases and controls (r 2 = 0.03; P = 0.03) and higher interindividual microbiome heterogeneity in the former (q ≤ 0.01). Higher relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Comamonadaceae and predicted bacterial pathways mainly involved in xenobiotic and amine degradation were found in cases compared with controls. The latter, in contrast, exhibited higher abundance of common oral commensals and predicted sugar degradation pathways. Finally, levels of DNA damage in the oral cavity were correlated with the microbiome profiles above. Oral microbiome traits differ in smokers with and without HNSCC, potentially informing the risk of eventual HNSCC and shedding light into possible microbially mediated mechanisms of disease. These findings present data that may be useful in screening efforts for HNSCC among smokers who are unable to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William T DeBusk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Samir S Khariwala
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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20
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Dietary phytochemicals as the potential protectors against carcinogenesis and their role in cancer chemoprevention. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:173-190. [PMID: 32016615 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health-threatening consequences of carcinogen exposure are mediated via occurrence of electrophiles or reactive oxygen species. As a result, the accumulation of biomolecular damage leads to the cancer initiation, promotion or progression. Accordingly, there is an association between lifestyle factors including inappropriate diet or carcinogen formation during food processing, mainstream, second or third-hand tobacco smoke and other environmental or occupational carcinogens and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence supports the protective effects of naturally occurring phytochemicals against carcinogen exposure as well as carcinogenesis in general. Isolated phytochemicals or their mixtures present in the whole plant food demonstrate efficacy against malignancy induced by carcinogens widely spread in our environment. Phytochemicals also minimize the generation of carcinogenic substances during the processing of meat and meat products. Based on numerous data, selected phytochemicals or plant foods should be highly recommended to become a stable and regular part of the diet as the protectors against carcinogenesis.
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21
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Chang CP, Siwakoti B, Sapkota A, Gautam DK, Lee YCA, Monroe M, Hashibe M. Tobacco smoking, chewing habits, alcohol drinking and the risk of head and neck cancer in Nepal. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:866-875. [PMID: 31837000 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although tobacco smoking, pan chewing and alcohol drinking are important risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC), the HNC risks conferred by products available in Nepal for these habits are unknown. We assessed the associations of tobacco smoking, chewing habits, and alcohol drinking with HNC risk in Nepal. A case-control study was conducted in Nepal with 549 incident HNC cases and 601 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. We observed increased HNC risk for tobacco smoking (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.06), chewing habits (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.77, 3.23), and alcohol drinking (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.18). The population attributable fraction (PAF) was 24.3% for tobacco smoking, 39.9% for chewing habits and 23.0% for alcohol drinking. Tobacco smoking, chewing habits, and alcohol drinking might be responsible for 85.3% of HNC cases. Individuals who smoked tobacco, chewed products and drank alcohol had a 13-fold increase in HNC risk (OR: 12.83; 95% CI: 6.91, 23.81) compared to individuals who did not have any of these habits. Both high frequency and long duration of these habits were strong risk factors for HNC among the Nepalese with clear dose-response trends. Preventive strategies against starting these habits and support for quitting these habits are necessary to decrease the incidence of HNC in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chang
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bhola Siwakoti
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Control and Research, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD
| | - Dej K Gautam
- ENT and Head and Neck Unit, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Marcus Monroe
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
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22
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Guttenplan JB, Chen KM, Sun YW, Shalaby NAE, Kosinska W, Desai D, Gowda K, Amin S, El-Bayoumy K. Effects of the Tobacco Carcinogens N'-Nitrosonornicotine and Dibenzo[ a, l]pyrene Individually and in Combination on DNA Damage in Human Oral Leukoplakia and on Mutagenicity and Mutation Profiles in lacI Mouse Tongue. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1893-1899. [PMID: 31433626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that the topical application of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), also known as dibenzo[def,p]chrysene, to the oral cavity of mice induced oral squamous cell carcinoma. We also showed that dA and dG adducts likely account for most of the mutagenic activity of DB[a,l]P in the oral tissues in vivo. Here we report for the first time that the oral treatment of lacI mice with a combination of tobacco smoke carcinogens, DB[a,l]P and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), induces a higher fraction of mutations than expected from a simple sum of their induced individual mutation fractions, and a change in the mutational profile compared with that expected from the sum of the individual agents. The mutational profile of the combination of agents resembled that of the P53 gene in human head and neck cancers more than that of either of the individual agents, in that the percentage of the major class of mutations (GC > AT transitions) is similar to that seen in the P53 gene. A preliminary study was performed to understand the origin of the unexpected mutagenesis observations by measuring specific DNA adducts produced by both NNN and DB[a,l]P in human oral leukoplakia cells. No significant differences in the expected and observed major adduct levels from either agent were observed between individual or combined treatments, suggesting that additional adducts are important in mutagenesis induced by the mixture. Taken together, the above observations support the use of this animal model not only to investigate tobacco smoke-induced oral cancer but also to study chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Guttenplan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry , New York University , New York , New York 10010 , United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine , New York University , New York , New York 10019 , United States
| | | | | | - Nora A E Shalaby
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry , New York University , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Wieslawa Kosinska
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry , New York University , New York , New York 10010 , United States
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23
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Andersson BÅ, Löfgren S, Lewin F, Nilsson M, Laytragoon-Lewin N. Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers. Oncology 2019; 98:42-47. [PMID: 31437849 DOI: 10.1159/000502651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking induces inflammation and an immune response. A cancer-related inflammatory response has been seen in smoking and nonsmoking head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the possible separated effects of smoking or HNSCC on 18 inflammatory or immune regulatory biomarkers. METHODS Fifty-one nonsmoking and 36 smoking pretreated HNSCC patients and 101 nonsmoking and 39 smoking controls were included in this study. The levels of 18 inflammatory or immune regulatory biomarkers were analyzed. A multivariable linear regression model was used to predict the impact of smoking and HNSCC on the levels of the biomarkers. RESULTS Smoking had the highest impact on total WBC, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels. The highest impact of HNSCC was found on neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, HsCRP, MIP-1b, and TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION IdentifyingHNSCC or smoking-related inflammatory biomarkers might contribute to the understanding of the immune response in HNSCC patients. This study could provide information of inflammatory biomarkers in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt-Åke Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,
| | - Sture Löfgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Freddi Lewin
- Department of Oncology, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Futurum, Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nongnit Laytragoon-Lewin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Singhavi H, Ahluwalia JS, Stepanov I, Gupta PC, Gota V, Chaturvedi P, Khariwala SS. Tobacco carcinogen research to aid understanding of cancer risk and influence policy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:372-376. [PMID: 30450409 PMCID: PMC6209619 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Education regarding the health effects associated with tobacco use has made important progress worldwide over the last few decades. Still, tobacco remains a significant cause of cancer and other diseases. As a result, significant worldwide morbidity and mortality is still attributable to tobacco use in modern times. Research into tobacco products, the carcinogens they contain, and how users metabolize them is an important benefit to the advancement of research aimed at reducing harm associated with tobacco use. This review summarizes the use of this type of research to study tobacco users’ risk of developing cancer, especially head and neck cancer. In addition, we discuss the use of tobacco research to provide support for increasing levels of federal regulation of tobacco products. Level of Evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- The School of Public Health Brown University Providence Rhode Island U.S.A
| | | | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A
| | | | | | - Samir S Khariwala
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A
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25
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Chang YJ, Cooke MS, Hu CW, Chao MR. Novel approach to integrated DNA adductomics for the assessment of in vitro and in vivo environmental exposures. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2665-2680. [PMID: 29943112 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adductomics is expected to be useful in the characterization of the exposome, which is a new paradigm for studying the sum of environmental causes of diseases. DNA adductomics is emerging as a powerful method for detecting DNA adducts, but reliable assays for its widespread, routine use are currently lacking. We propose a novel integrated strategy for the establishment of a DNA adductomic approach, using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS), operating in constant neutral loss scan mode, screening for both known and unknown DNA adducts in a single injection. The LC-QqQ-MS/MS was optimized using a representative sample of 23 modified 2'-deoxyribonucleosides reflecting a range of biologically relevant DNA lesions. Six internal standards (ISTDs) were evaluated for their ability to normalize, and hence correct, possible variation in peak intensities arising from matrix effects, and the quantities of DNA injected. The results revealed that, with appropriate ISTDs adjustment, any bias can be dramatically reduced from 370 to 8.4%. Identification of the informative DNA adducts was achieved by triggering fragmentation spectra of target ions. The LC-QqQ-MS/MS method was successfully applied to in vitro and in vivo studies to screen for DNA adducts formed following representative environmental exposures: methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and five N-nitrosamines. Interestingly, five new DNA adducts, induced by MMS, were discovered using our adductomic approach-an added strength. The proposed integrated strategy provides a path forward for DNA adductomics to become a standard method to discover differences in DNA adduct fingerprints between populations exposed to genotoxins, and facilitate the field of exposomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. .,Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. .,Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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26
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Su CW, Chien MH, Lin CW, Chen MK, Chow JM, Chuang CY, Chou CH, Liu YC, Yang SF. Associations of genetic variations of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and environmental carcinogens with oral cancer susceptibility and development. Nitric Oxide 2018; 79:1-7. [PMID: 29932969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a major head and neck cancer that is reported to be causally associated with genetic factors and environmental carcinogens. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was reported to modulate carcinogenesis and progression through nitric oxide (NO) production. Genetic polymorphisms in the eNOS gene can regulate its transcription and further mediate NO production. The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of eNOS gene polymorphisms combined with environmental carcinogens on the predisposition for oral cancer. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the eNOS gene, -786 T > C (rs2070744) and 894G > T (rs1799983), were genotyped in 1200 controls and 1044 patients with oral cancer using a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that patients who carried the -786 T > C TC genotype were at higher risk for developing an advanced clinical stage (stage III/IV) compared to those with the -786 T > C TT genotype; however, there was no significant association of the two individual SNPs with oral cancer between patients and the control group. According to behavioral exposure to environmental carcinogens, the presence of these two eNOS SNPs combined with tobacco use and/or betel quid chewing profoundly enhanced the risk of oral cancer. Moreover, carriers with the betel quid-chewing habit who had haplotypes of the two eNOS SNPs more easily developed oral cancer. These results indicated an involvement of -786 T > C polymorphisms in the progression of oral cancer and support the interaction between eNOS gene polymorphisms and environmental carcinogens as a predisposing factor of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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