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Zhang Q, Huang T, Li X, Liu G, Xian L, Mao X, Lin T, Fu C, Chen X, Liang W, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Lin Q, Xu X, Lin Y, Bu J, Wu C, Zhou M, Shen E. Prognostic impact of enhanced CD96 expression on NK cells by TGF-β1 in AML. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112958. [PMID: 39159564 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of blood cancer in adults and is associated with a poor survival rate. NK cells play a crucial role in combating AML, and alterations in immune checkpoint expression can impair NK cell function against AML. Targeting certain checkpoints may restore this function. CD96, an inhibitory immune checkpoint, has unclear expression and roles on NK cells in AML patients. In this study, we initially evaluated CD96 expression and compared CD96+ NK with the inhibitory receptor and stimulatory receptors on NK cells from AML patients at initial diagnosis. We observed increased CD96 expression on NK cells with dysfunctional phenotype. Further analysis revealed that CD96+ NK cells had lower IFN-γ production than CD96- NK cells. Blocking CD96 enhanced the cytotoxicity of primary NK and cord blood-derived NK (CB-NK) cells against leukemia cells. Notably, patients with a high frequency of CD96+ NK cells at initial diagnosis exhibited poorer clinical outcomes. Additionally, TGF-β1 was found to enhance CD96 expression on NK cells via SMAD3 signaling. These findings suggest that CD96 is invovled in NK dysfunction against AML blast, and might be a potential target for restoring NK cell function in the fight against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; The 903 RD Hospital of PLA, 14 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou 310017,China
| | - Ting Huang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guanfang Liu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhua Xian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Clifford Hospital Clinical Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiangming Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qiwen Lin
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yu Lin
- Shenzhen Withsum Technology Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Bu
- National Center for STD Control, Hospital for Skin Disease (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Clifford Hospital Clinical Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Erxia Shen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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2
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Murakami K, Ganguly S. The Nectin family ligands, PVRL2 and PVR, in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441730. [PMID: 39156900 PMCID: PMC11327090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial component of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy remains limited across various cancer types, highlighting unmet needs. Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2) and Poliovirus receptor (PVR) are members of the Nectin and Nectin-like Molecules family, known for their role as cell-cell adhesion molecules. With the development of immunotherapy, their involvement in tumor immune mechanisms as immune checkpoint factors has garnered significant attention. PVRL2 and PVR are predominantly expressed on tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells, binding to PVRIG and TIGIT, respectively, which are primarily found on T and NK cells, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity. Notably, gynecological cancers such as ovarian and endometrial cancers exhibit high expression levels of PVRL2 and PVR, with similar trends observed in various other solid and hematologic tumors. Targeting these immune checkpoint pathways offers a promising therapeutic avenue, potentially in combination with existing treatments. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism involving these bindings, known as the DNAM-1 axis, is complex, underscoring the importance of understanding it for developing novel therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms centered on PVRL2 and PVR, elucidating their implications for various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Yin N, Li X, Zhang X, Xue S, Cao Y, Niedermann G, Lu Y, Xue J. Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38773064 PMCID: PMC11109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the advancement of immuno-oncology, an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed, with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable future. Therefore, comprehending the larger picture is important. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research, drug development, and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint inhibitors. Along with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering, agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD47, and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery, as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T cells. Exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers, newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical benefits. Next-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based therapeutics. Cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this review. This comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Institute of Disaster Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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4
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Wu LY, Park SH, Jakobsson H, Shackleton M, Möller A. Immune Regulation and Immune Therapy in Melanoma: Review with Emphasis on CD155 Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1950. [PMID: 38893071 PMCID: PMC11171058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in a younger population than most other solid malignancies and, in Australia and most of the world, is the leading cause of skin-cancer-related death. Melanoma is a cancer type with high immunogenicity; thus, immunotherapies are used as first-line treatment for advanced melanoma patients. Although immunotherapies are working well, not all the patients are benefitting from them. A lack of a comprehensive understanding of immune regulation in the melanoma tumour microenvironment is a major challenge of patient stratification. Overexpression of CD155 has been reported as a key factor in melanoma immune regulation for the development of therapy resistance. A more thorough understanding of the actions of current immunotherapy strategies, their effects on immune cell subsets, and the roles that CD155 plays are essential for a rational design of novel targets of anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current anti-melanoma immunotherapy strategies and the immune response contribution of different cell lineages, including tumour endothelial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cytotoxic T cells, cancer-associated fibroblast, and nature killer cells. Finally, we explore the impact of CD155 and its receptors DNAM-1, TIGIT, and CD96 on immune cells, especially in the context of the melanoma tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- JC STEM Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Su-Ho Park
- JC STEM Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haakan Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paula Fox Melanoma and Cancer Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paula Fox Melanoma and Cancer Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- JC STEM Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Isaak AJ, Clements GR, Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Development of Personalized Strategies for Precisely Battling Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5023. [PMID: 38732242 PMCID: PMC11084485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most severe and fatal form of skin cancer, resulting from multiple gene mutations with high intra-tumor and inter-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Treatment options for patients whose disease has progressed beyond the ability for surgical resection rely on currently accepted standard therapies, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Acquired resistance to these therapies and treatment-associated toxicity necessitate exploring novel strategies, especially those that can be personalized for specific patients and/or populations. Here, we review the current landscape and progress of standard therapies and explore what personalized oncology techniques may entail in the scope of melanoma. Our purpose is to provide an up-to-date summary of the tools at our disposal that work to circumvent the common barriers faced when battling melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Zhang P, Liu X, Gu Z, Jiang Z, Zhao S, Song Y, Yu J. Targeting TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and future directions. Biomark Res 2024; 12:7. [PMID: 38229100 PMCID: PMC10790541 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As a newly identified checkpoint, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is highly expressed on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TIGIT has been associated with NK cell exhaustion in vivo and in individuals with various cancers. It not only modulates NK cell survival but also mediates T cell exhaustion. As the primary ligand of TIGIT in humans, CD155 may be the main target for immunotherapy due to its interaction with TIGIT. It has been found that the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment response in cancer immunotherapy is correlated with CD155 but not TIGIT. Anti-TIGIT alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 agents have been tested for cancer immunotherapy. Although two clinical studies on advanced lung cancer had positive results, the TIGIT-targeted antibody, tiragolumab, recently failed in two new trials. In this review, we highlight the current developments on TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy and discuss the characteristics and functions of TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Song KH, Jung SY, Park JI, Lee DH, Ahn J, Hwang SG, Lim DS, Song JY. Poliovirus receptor inhibition in breast cancer cells induces antitumor immunity via T cell activation. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5966-5980. [PMID: 38187056 PMCID: PMC10767338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a commonly used treatment option for patients with cancer because it can effectively control tumor growth and kill tumor cells. However, the impact of RT goes beyond direct tumor cell killing because it can change the tumor microenvironment by altering surrounding tissues and infiltrating cells and modulating the expression of immune checkpoints. Poliovirus receptor (PVR, cluster of differentiation (CD)155), a member of the nectin-like molecule family, is overexpressed in many human cancers. However, its role in the tumor growth and T-cell immune responses of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. In the present study, we observe that radiation exposure increases PVR expression in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. Silencing PVR not only inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells but also significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) compared with the control or RT groups. Treatment of T cells with PVR decreased CD8+ T cells, increased CD4+ T cells, and induced PVR ligands such as T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, CD226, and CD96. However, after treatment with PVR, CTL responses decreased and secretion of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10 was significantly inhibited. In contrast, PVR knockdown increased the production of these cytokines, illustrating the immunosuppressive function of PVR. Suppression of PVR using an anti-PVR antibody inhibited 4T1 tumor growth by increasing immune cell infiltration. These results provide new insights into the role of PVR in TNBC and highlight its potential as a target for T cell-mediated immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA UniversityGyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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Ratajczak K, Grel H, Olejnik P, Jakiela S, Stobiecka M. Current progress, strategy, and prospects of PD-1/PDL-1 immune checkpoint biosensing platforms for cancer diagnostics, therapy monitoring, and drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115644. [PMID: 37660460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements in testing and monitoring instrumentation have greatly contributed to the progress in cancer treatment by surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic interventions. However, the mortality rate still remains high, calling for the development of new treatment strategies with higher efficacy. Extensive efforts driven in this direction have included broadening of early cancer screening and applying innovative theranostic nanotechnologies. They have been supported by platforms introduced to enable the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers, inhibitors, and other agents, able to slow down cancer progression and prevent metastasis. Despite of the well-recognized principles of the immune checkpoint blockade, the efficacy of immunotherapy achieved so far does not meet the well-founded expectations. For a successful cancer treatment, highly sensitive, robust, and inexpensive multiplex biosensors have to be designed to aid in the biomarkers monitoring and in the development of new inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the efforts undertaken to aid in the development and monitoring of anticancer immunotherapy, based on the programmed cell-death immune checkpoint (PD-1/PDL-1) blockade, by designing biosensors for the detection of relevant cancer biomarkers and their inhibitors screening. This review also emphasizes alternative targets made by exosomes carrying PD-L1 overexpressed in cancer cells and passed into the excreted exosomes. Evaluated are also novel targeted drug delivery nanocarriers, providing simultaneous biosensing, thereby contributing to the emerging immune checkpoint cancer therapy. On the basis of the current trends and the emerging technologies, future perspectives of cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring using biosensing platforms are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Grel
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Olejnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Paolini R, Molfetta R. CD155 and Its Receptors as Targets for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12958. [PMID: 37629138 PMCID: PMC10455395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD155, also known as the poliovirus receptor, is an adhesion molecule often overexpressed in tumors of different origins where it promotes cell migration and proliferation. In addition to this pro-tumorigenic function, CD155 plays an immunomodulatory role during tumor progression since it is a ligand for both the activating receptor DNAM-1 and the inhibitory receptor TIGIT, expressed on cytotoxic innate and adaptative lymphocytes. DNAM-1 is a well-recognized receptor involved in anti-tumor immune surveillance. However, in advanced tumor stages, TIGIT is up-regulated and acts as an immune checkpoint receptor, counterbalancing DNAM-1-mediated cancer cell clearance. Pre-clinical studies have proposed the direct targeting of CD155 on tumor cells as well as the enhancement of DNAM-1-mediated anti-tumor functions as promising therapeutic approaches. Moreover, immunotherapeutic use of anti-TIGIT blocking antibody alone or in combined therapy has already been included in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarize all these potential therapies, highlighting the still controversial role of CD155 during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Tang W, Chen J, Ji T, Cong X. TIGIT, a novel immune checkpoint therapy for melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:466. [PMID: 37495610 PMCID: PMC10372028 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest type of skin cancer. In the last 10 years, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitor has been shown to be effective against melanoma. PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors have shown varying degrees of drug resistance in the treatment of melanoma patients. Furthermore, the clinical benefits of ICBs are also accompanied by severe immune toxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new immune checkpoint inhibitors to optimize melanoma therapy and reduce cytotoxicity. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain (TIGIT) is thought to activate inhibitory receptors in T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and has become a promising target for immunotherapy. Studies have found that TIGIT can be detected in different stages of melanoma, which is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of melanoma. This review mainly describes the immunosuppressive mechanism of TIGIT and its role in antitumor immunity of melanoma, so as to provide new ideas and schemes for the clinical treatment of melanoma with targeted TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tianlong Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| | - Xiufeng Cong
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Chen M, Fu M, Gong M, Gao Y, Wang A, Zhao W, Wu X, Wang H. Twenty-four-color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230745. [PMID: 37533738 PMCID: PMC10390751 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Full spectrum flow cytometry brings a breakthrough for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to explore the role of a new panel in MRD detection. We established a 24-color full-spectrum flow cytometry panel. A tube of 24-color antibodies included CD45, CD117, CD34, HLA-DR, CD15, CD64, CD14, CD11c, CD11b, CD13, CD33, CD371, CD7, CD56, CD19, CD4, CD2, CD123, CD200, CD38, CD96, CD71, CD36, and CD9. We discovered that when a tube meets 26 parameters (24 colors), these markers were not only limited to the observation of MRD in AML, but also could be used for fine clustering of bone marrow cells. Mast cells, basophils, myeloid dendritic cells, and plasmacoid dendritic cells were more clearly observed. In addition, immune checkpoint CD96 had the higher expression in CD117+ myeloid naive cells and CD56dimNK cells, while had the lower expression in CD56briNK cells in AML-MRD samples than in normal bone marrow samples. CD200 expression was remarkably enhanced in CD117+ myeloid naive cells, CD4+ T cells, T cells, activated T cells, CD56dimNK cells, and CD56briNK cells in AML-MRD samples. Our results can be used as important basis for auxiliary diagnosis, prognosis judgment, treatment guidance, and immune regulation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Minjing Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Ludaopei Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meiwei Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Yajing Gao
- Cytek (Shanghai) BioSciences Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Aixian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing Ludaopei Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Sanhe, Langfang, Hebei, China
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12
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Godfrey J, Chen X, Sunseri N, Cooper A, Yu J, Varlamova A, Zarubin D, Popov Y, Jacobson C, Postovalova E, Xiang Z, Nomie K, Bagaev A, Venkataraman G, Zha Y, Tumuluru S, Smith SM, Kline JP. TIGIT is a key inhibitory checkpoint receptor in lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006582. [PMID: 37364933 PMCID: PMC10410806 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT) has greatly benefited patients with select solid tumors and lymphomas but has limited efficacy against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because numerous inhibitory checkpoint receptors have been implicated in driving tumor-specific T cell dysfunction, we hypothesized that combinatorial CBT would enhance the activity of anti-PD-1-based therapy in DLBCL. T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) is a coinhibitory receptor expressed on dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating T cells, and TIGIT blockade has demonstrated encouraging activity in combination with PD-1 blockade in murine tumor models and in clinical studies. However, the degree to which TIGIT mediates T cell dysfunction in DLBCL has not been fully explored. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that TIGIT is broadly expressed on lymphoma-infiltrating T cells (LITs) across a variety of human lymphomas and is frequently coexpressed with PD-1. TIGIT expression is particularly common on LITs in DLBCL, where TIGIT+ LITs often form distinct cellular communities and exhibit significant contact with malignant B cells. TIGIT+/PD-1+ LITs from human DLBCL and murine lymphomas exhibit hypofunctional cytokine production on ex vivo restimulation. In mice with established, syngeneic A20 B-cell lymphomas, TIGIT or PD-1 mono-blockade leads to modest delays in tumor outgrowth, whereas PD-1 and TIGIT co-blockade results in complete rejection of A20 lymphomas in most mice and significantly prolongs survival compared with mice treated with monoblockade therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results provide rationale for clinical investigation of TIGIT and PD-1 blockade in lymphomas, including DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Godfrey
- Hematology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Sunseri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Cooper
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jovian Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyuan Zha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sravya Tumuluru
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sonali M Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Justin P Kline
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Abstract
T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have complementary roles in tumor immunity, and dual T cell and NK cell attack thus offers opportunities to deepen the impact of immunotherapy. Recent work has also shown that NK cells play an important role in recruiting dendritic cells to tumors and thus enhance induction of CD8 T cell responses, while IL-2 secreted by T cells activates NK cells. Targeting of immune evasion mechanisms from the activating NKG2D receptor and its MICA and MICB ligands on tumor cells offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, T cells and NK cells share several important inhibitory and activating receptors that can be targeted to enhance T cell- and NK cell-mediated immunity. These inhibitory receptor-ligand systems include CD161-CLEC2D, TIGIT-CD155, and NKG2A/CD94-HLA-E. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies based on inhibitory and activating cytokines that profoundly impact the function of both lymphocyte populations within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kyrysyuk
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Pearce H, Croft W, Nicol SM, Margielewska-Davies S, Powell R, Cornall R, Davis SJ, Marcon F, Pugh MR, Fennell É, Powell-Brett S, Mahon BS, Brown RM, Middleton G, Roberts K, Moss P. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Coexpress PD-1 and TIGIT and Functional Inhibition Is Reversible by Dual Antibody Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:435-449. [PMID: 36689623 PMCID: PMC10068448 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor clinical outlook. Responses to immune checkpoint blockade are suboptimal and a much more detailed understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment is needed if this situation is to be improved. Here, we characterized tumor-infiltrating T-cell populations in patients with PDAC using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing. T cells were the predominant immune cell subset observed within tumors. Over 30% of CD4+ T cells expressed a CCR6+CD161+ Th17 phenotype and 17% displayed an activated regulatory T-cell profile. Large populations of CD8+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells were also present and expressed high levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and TIGIT. A population of putative tumor-reactive CD103+CD39+ T cells was also observed within the CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes population. The expression of PD-1 ligands was limited largely to hemopoietic cells whilst TIGIT ligands were expressed widely within the tumor microenvironment. Programmed death-ligand 1 and CD155 were expressed within the T-cell area of ectopic lymphoid structures and colocalized with PD-1+TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells. Combinatorial anti-PD-1 and TIGIT blockade enhanced IFNγ secretion and proliferation of T cells in the presence of PD-1 and TIGIT ligands. As such, we showed that the PDAC microenvironment is characterized by the presence of substantial populations of TRM cells with an exhausted PD-1+TIGIT+ phenotype where dual checkpoint receptor blockade represents a promising avenue for future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Croft
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha M. Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Margielewska-Davies
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Powell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Cornall
- Nuffield Department of Medicine and Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Pugh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Éanna Fennell
- Health Research Institute, Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah Powell-Brett
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brinder S. Mahon
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Brown
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Roberts
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Trumet L, Weber M, Hahn A, Kunater L, Geppert C, Glajzer J, Struckmeier AK, Möst T, Lutz R, Kesting M, Ries J. The Immune Checkpoint Receptor CD96: A Local and Systemic Immune Modulator in Oral Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072126. [PMID: 37046787 PMCID: PMC10093349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As immunotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), using PD1 inhibitors, is only efficient in a small proportion of patients, additional immune checkpoints need to be identified as potential therapeutic targets. There is evidence that a blockade of CD96 might positively affect the anti-tumor immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene and protein expression of CD96 in the tissue and peripheral blood of OSCC patients compared to healthy controls, while also checking for potential associations with a differential expression to the histomorphological parameters. In addition, possible correlations with the expression of PD1 and PD-L1 as well as the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 should be tested to obtain further insights into the potential effectiveness of combined checkpoint blockage. Material and Methods: For real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), a total of 183 blood and tissue samples, divided into a patient and a control group, were included. Additionally, 141 tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relative expression differences between the groups were calculated using statistical tests including the Mann–Whitney U test and AUC method. The Chi-square test was used to determine whether CD96 overexpression in individual samples is associated with malignancy. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: There was a significant CD96 mRNA and protein overexpression in the OSCC group compared to the controls (p = 0.001). In contrast, CD96 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of the OSCC patients was significantly lower compared to the control group (p = 0.007). In the Chi-square test, the OSCC tissue samples showed a highly significant upregulation of CD96 mRNA expression (p < 0.001) and protein expression (p = 0.005) compared to the healthy mucosa. CD96 mRNA and protein expression correlated significantly (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation of CD96 expression with PD1 (p ≤ 0.001), PD-L1 (p ≤ 0.001), and CD163 (p = 0.006) at the mRNA level. Conclusions: CD96 expression in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood of OSCC patients is differentially regulated and appears to be a relevant immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Trumet
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Hahn
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lina Kunater
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jacek Glajzer
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Struckmeier
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Möst
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Nectin Family Ligands Trigger Immune Effector Functions in Health and Autoimmunity. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030452. [PMID: 36979144 PMCID: PMC10045777 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of immunoglobulin cell-adhesion molecules (IgCAMs) is a well-known family of cell-adhesion molecules used for immune-cell extravasation and cell–cell interaction. Amongst others, this family includes DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1/CD226), class-I-restricted T-cell-associated molecule (CRTAM/CD355), T-cell-activated increased late expression (Tactile/CD96), T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necls). Besides using these molecules to migrate towards inflammatory sites, their interactions within the immune system can support the immunological synapse with antigen-presenting cells or target cells for cytotoxicity, and trigger diverse effector functions. Although their role is generally described in oncoimmunity, this review emphasizes recent advances in the (dys)function of Nectin-family ligands in health, chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. In addition, this review provides a detailed overview on the expression pattern of Nectins and Necls and their ligands on different immune-cell types by focusing on human cell systems.
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17
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Shankaranarayanan D, Mantri M, Lagman M, Li C, Sharma VK, Muthukumar T, Xiang JZ, De Vlaminck I, Machaca K, Suthanthiran M. Selective modulation of gene expression in activated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by store-operated calcium entry blocker BTP2. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2618144. [PMID: 36993646 PMCID: PMC10055512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2618144/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a critical signaling molecule in many cell types including immune cells. The calcium-release activated calcium channels (CRAC) responsible for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in immune cells are gated by STIM family members functioning as sensors of Ca2+ store content in the endoplasmic reticulum. We investigated the effect of SOCE blocker BTP2 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to query gene expression at the whole transcriptome level and identified genes differentially expressed between PBMC activated with PHA and PBMC activated with PHA in the presence of BTP2. Among the differentially expressed genes, we prioritized genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins for validation using preamplification enhanced real time quantitative PCR assays. We performed multiparameter flow cytometry and validated by single cell analysis that BTP2 inhibits cell surface expression CD25 at the protein level. BTP2 reduced significantly PHA-induced increase in the abundance of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory proteins. Surprisingly, BTP2 did not reduce significantly PHA-induced increase in the abundance of mRNAs encoding anti-inflammatory proteins. Collectively, the molecular signature elicited by BTP2 in activated normal human PBMC appears to be tipped towards tolerance and away from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shankaranarayanan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University
| | - Mila Lagman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Jenny Z Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
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18
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Li J, Xia Q, Di C, Li C, Si H, Zhou B, Yu S, Li Y, Huang J, Lu Y, Huang M, Liang H, Liu X, Zhao Q. Tumor Cell-Intrinsic CD96 Mediates Chemoresistance and Cancer Stemness by Regulating Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2202956. [PMID: 36581470 PMCID: PMC9982582 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Targeting CD96 that originates in immune cells has shown potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of intrinsic CD96 in solid tumor cells remains unknown. Here, it is found that CD96 is frequently expressed in tumor cells from clinical breast cancer samples and is correlated with poor long-term prognosis in these patients. The CD96+ cancer cell subpopulations exhibit features of both breast cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. In vivo inhibition of cancer cell-intrinsic CD96 enhances the chemotherapeutic response in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Mechanistically, CD96 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation via the CD155-CD96-Src-Stat3-Opa1 pathway, which subsequently promotes chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. A previously unknown role is identified for tumor cell-intrinsic CD96 and an attractive target in improving the chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Qidong Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Can Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Chunni Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Hang Si
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Shubin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yihong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Huixin Liang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchThird Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
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D'Antonio L, Fieni C, Ciummo SL, Vespa S, Lotti L, Sorrentino C, Di Carlo E. Inactivation of interleukin-30 in colon cancer stem cells via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing inhibits their oncogenicity and improves host survival. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006056. [PMID: 36927528 PMCID: PMC10030651 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is driven by colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs), which are regulated by endogenous and microenvironmental signals. Interleukin (IL)-30 has proven to be crucial for CSC viability and tumor progression. Whether it is involved in CRC tumorigenesis and impacts clinical behavior is unknown. METHODS IL30 production and functions, in stem and non-stem CRC cells, were determined by western blot, immunoelectron microscopy, flow cytometry, cell viability and sphere formation assays. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the IL30 gene, RNA-Seq and implantation of IL30 gene transfected or deleted CR-CSCs in NSG mice allowed to investigate IL30's role in CRC oncogenesis. Bioinformatics and immunopathology of CRC samples highlighted the clinical implications. RESULTS We demonstrated that both CR-CSCs and CRC cells express membrane-anchored IL30 that regulates their self-renewal, via WNT5A and RAB33A, and/or proliferation and migration, primarily by upregulating CXCR4 via STAT3, which are suppressed by IL30 gene deletion, along with WNT and RAS pathways. Deletion of IL30 gene downregulates the expression of proteases, such as MMP2 and MMP13, chemokine receptors, mostly CCR7, CCR3 and CXCR4, and growth and inflammatory mediators, including ANGPT2, CXCL10, EPO, IGF1 and EGF. These factors contribute to IL30-driven CR-CSC and CRC cell expansion, which is abrogated by their selective blockade. IL30 gene deleted CR-CSCs displayed reduced tumorigenicity and gave rise to slow-growing and low metastatic tumors in 80% of mice, which survived much longer than controls. Bioinformatics and CIBERSORTx of the 'Colorectal Adenocarcinoma TCGA Nature 2012' collection, and morphometric assessment of IL30 expression in clinical CRC samples revealed that the lack of IL30 in CRC and infiltrating leucocytes correlates with prolonged overall survival. CONCLUSIONS IL30 is a new CRC driver, since its inactivation, which disables oncogenic pathways and multiple autocrine loops, inhibits CR-CSC tumorigenicity and metastatic ability. The development of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of IL30 could improve the current therapeutic landscape of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi D'Antonio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lavinia Lotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Clustering by antigen-presenting genes reveals immune landscapes and predicts response to checkpoint immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 36653470 PMCID: PMC9849403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy by reinvigorating immune cytotoxicity against tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying how ICB induces responses in a subset of patients remain unclear. Using bulk and single-cell transcriptomic cohorts of melanoma patients receiving ICB, we proposed a clustering model based on the expression of an antigen-presenting machinery (APM) signature consisting of 23 genes in a forward-selection manner. We characterized four APM clusters associated with distinct immune characteristics, cancer hallmarks, and patient prognosis in melanoma. The model predicts differential regulation of APM genes during ICB, which shaped ICB responsiveness. Surprisingly, while immunogenically hot tumors with high baseline APM expression prior to treatment are correlated with a better response to ICB than cold tumors with low APM expression, a subset of hot tumors with the highest pre-ICB APM expression fail to upregulate APM expression during treatment. In addition, they undergo immunoediting and display infiltration of exhausted T cells. In comparison, tumors associated with the best patient prognosis demonstrate significant APM upregulation and immune infiltration following ICB. They also show infiltration of tissue-resident memory T cells, shaping prolonged antitumor immunity. Using only pre-treatment transcriptomic data, our model predicts the dynamic APM-mediated tumor-immune interactions in response to ICB and provides insights into the immune escape mechanisms in hot tumors that compromise the ICB efficacy. We highlight the prognostic value of APM expression in predicting immune response in chronic diseases.
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21
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An Inhibitory Role for Human CD96 Endodomain in T Cell Anti-Tumor Responses. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020309. [PMID: 36672244 PMCID: PMC9856660 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy involves the inhibition of immune checkpoint regulators which reverses their limitation of T cell anti-tumor responses and results in long-lasting tumor regression. However, poor clinical response or tumor relapse was observed in some patients receiving such therapy administered via antibodies blocking the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway alone or in combination, suggesting the involvement of additional immune checkpoints. CD96, a possible immune checkpoint, was previously shown to suppress natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor activity but its role in human T cells remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion of CD96 in human T cells enhanced their killing of leukemia cells in vitro. T cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2/HER2)-binding extracellular region and intracellular regions of CD96 and CD3ζ (4D5-96z CAR-T cells) were less effective in suppressing the growth of HER2-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo compared with counterparts bearing CAR that lacked CD96 endodomain (4D5-z CAR-T cells). Together, our findings implicate a role for CD96 endodomain in attenuating T cell cytotoxicity and support combination tumor immunotherapy targeting multiple rather than single immune checkpoints.
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22
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CD96 as a Potential Immune Regulator in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021303. [PMID: 36674817 PMCID: PMC9866520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoints has prompted scientific researchers and the pharmaceutical industry to develop and conduct extensive research on tumor-specific inhibitors. As a result, the list of potential immune checkpoint molecules is growing over time. Receptors for nectin and nectin-like proteins have recently emerged as promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Potential immune checkpoints, including CD226, TIGIT, and CD96, belong to this receptor class. Among them, CD96 has received little attention. In this mini-review, we aim to discuss the basic biology of CD96 as well as the most recent relevant research on this as a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Swain SM, Shastry M, Hamilton E. Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:101-126. [PMID: 36344672 PMCID: PMC9640784 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The long-sought discovery of HER2 as an actionable and highly sensitive therapeutic target was a major breakthrough for the treatment of highly aggressive HER2-positive breast cancer, leading to approval of the first HER2-targeted drug - the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab - almost 25 years ago. Since then, progress has been swift and the impressive clinical activity across multiple trials with monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates that target HER2 has spawned extensive efforts to develop newer platforms and more targeted therapies. This Review discusses the current standards of care for HER2-positive breast cancer, mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and new therapeutic approaches and agents, including strategies to harness the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Swain
- grid.516085.f0000 0004 0606 3221Department of Medicine, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and MedStar Health, Washington, DC USA
| | - Mythili Shastry
- grid.419513.b0000 0004 0459 5478Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Erika Hamilton
- grid.419513.b0000 0004 0459 5478Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.492963.30000 0004 0480 9560Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN USA
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24
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Farhangnia P, Akbarpour M, Yazdanifar M, Aref AR, Delbandi AA, Rezaei N. Advances in therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints receptors within the CD96-TIGIT axis: clinical implications and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1217-1237. [PMID: 36154551 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2128107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of therapeutic antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) that induce long-term remissions in cancer patients has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, a major drawback is that relapse after an initial response may be attributed to innate and acquired resistance. Additionally, these treatments are not beneficial to all patients. Therefore, the discovery and targeting of novel ICMs and their combination with other immunotherapeutics are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED There has been increasing evidence of the CD96-TIGIT axis as ICMs in cancer immunotherapy in the last five years. This review will highlight and discuss the current knowledge about the role of CD96 and TIGIT in hematological and solid tumor immunotherapy in the context of empirical studies and clinical trials, and provide a comprehensive list of ongoing cancer clinical trials on the blockade of these ICMs, as well as the rationale behind combinational therapies with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, chemotherapy drugs, and radiotherapy. Moreover, we share our perspectives on anti-CD96/TIGIT-related combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION CD96-TIGIT axis regulates anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, the receptors within this axis are the potential candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Combining the inhibition of CD96-TIGIT with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs and chemotherapy drugs has shown relatively effective results in the context of preclinical studies and tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Xu C, Fang H, Gu Y, Yu K, Wang J, Lin C, Zhang H, Li H, He H, Liu H, Li R. Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4070-4081. [PMID: 35997524 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD96 was identified as a novel immune checkpoint. However, the role of CD96 in the gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment remains fragmentary. This study aimed to probe the clinical significance of CD96 to predict prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness, and to reveal the immune contexture and genomic features correlated to CD96 in GC patients. We enrolled 496 tumor microarray specimens of GC patients from Zhongshan Hospital (ZSHS) for immunohistochemical analyses. Four hundred and twelve GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 61 GC patients treated with pembrolizumab from ERP107734 published in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) were gathered for further analysis of the association between CD96+ cell infiltration and immune contexture, molecular characteristics, and genomic features by CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves, the Cox model, interaction testing, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. High CD96+ cell infiltration predicted poor prognosis and inferior survival benefits from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in the ZSHS cohort whereas superior therapeutic responsiveness to pembrolizumab was shown in the ENA cohort. CD96-enriched tumors showed an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment featured by exhausted CD8+ T-cell infiltration in both the ZSHS and TCGA cohorts. Moreover, in silico analysis for the TCGA cohort revealed that several biomarker-targeted pathways displayed significantly elevated enrichment levels in the CD96 high subgroup. This study elucidated that CD96 might drive an immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and represent an independent adverse prognosticator in GC. CD96 could potentially be a novel biomarker for precision medicine of adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanji Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieti Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Rühle A, Todorovic J, Spohn SSK, Gkika E, Becker C, Knopf A, Zamboglou C, Sprave T, Werner M, Grosu AL, Kayser G, Nicolay NH. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints in elderly head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:181. [DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and purpose
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with locoregional control (LRC) in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy. As immunosenescence results in reduced immune activity, the role of TILs in elderly HNSCC patients may differ compared to younger patients, providing a rationale to study the prognostic role of TILs and immune checkpoints (ICs) in this population.
Material and methods
Sixty-three HNSCC patients aged ≥ 65 years undergoing definitive (chemo)radiotherapy between 2010 and 2019 with sufficient material from pre-treatment biopsies were included in the analysis. Immunohistochemical stainings of CD3, CD4, CD8, PD-L1, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT and CD96, and of osteopontin as an immunosenescence-associated protein were performed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Fine-Gray's models were used for locoregional failure (LRF) analyses.
Results
While there was no correlation between patient age and IC expression, osteopontin levels correlated with increasing age (r = 0.322, p < 0.05). Two-year OS, PFS, and LRC were 44%, 34%, and 71%, respectively. Increased LAG3 expression, both intraepithelial (SHR = 0.33, p < 0.05) and stromal (SHR = 0.38, p < 0.05), and elevated stromal TIM3 expression (SHR = 0.32, p < 0.05) corresponded with reduced LRFs. Absent tumoral PD-L1 expression (TPS = 0%) was associated with more LRFs (SHR = 0.28, p < 0.05). There was a trend towards improved LRF rates in elderly patients with increased intraepithelial CD3 + (SHR = 0.52, p = 0.07) and CD8 + (SHR = 0.52, p = 0.09) TIL levels.
Conclusion
LAG3, TIM3 and TPS are promising biomarkers in elderly HNSCC patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy. Considering the frequency of non-cancer related deaths in this population, the prognostic value of these biomarkers primarily relates to LRC.
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Oh-Oka K, Abe F, Shibuya A, Shibuya K. CD96 Blockade Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis via Suppression of IL-17A Production by Dermal γδ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:ji2200502. [PMID: 36307121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. IL-23 plays a critical role in its pathogenesis by inducing production of IL-17A from pathological Th17 cells and IL-17A-producing γδ T cells. However, the mechanisms regulating the IL-23/IL-17 axis in psoriasis are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that, in comparison with wild-type mice, those deficient in the CD96 immunoreceptor had lower production of IL-17A in their dermal γδ T cells and milder psoriasis-like dermatitis after topical application of imiquimod (IMQ). Moreover, transfer of CD96-deficient dermal γδ T cells into the skin of Rag1-deficient mice resulted in them developing milder IMQ-induced dermatitis compared with Rag1-deficient mice transferred with wild-type dermal γδ T cells. In γδ T cells in vitro, CD96 provides a costimulatory signal for the production of IL-23-induced IL-17A. In mice given an anti-CD96 neutralizing Ab, IL-17A production from dermal γδ T cells decreased and IMQ-induced dermatitis was milder compared with mice given a control Ab. These results suggest that CD96 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oh-Oka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fumie Abe
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- TNAX Biopharma Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan;
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan;
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and
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Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:331. [PMID: 36123348 PMCID: PMC9485144 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.
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29
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Li Q, Xie D, Yao L, Qiu H, You P, Deng J, Li C, Zhan W, Weng M, Wu S, Li F, Zhou Y, Zeng F, Zheng Y, Zhou H. Combining autophagy and immune characterizations to predict prognosis and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944378. [PMID: 36177001 PMCID: PMC9513242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, a key regulator of programmed cell death, is critical for maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment. Increasing evidence has revealed the clinical importance of interactions between autophagy and immune status in lung adenocarcinoma. The present study evaluated the potential of autophagy-immune-derived biomarkers to predict prognosis and therapeutic response in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Patients from the GSE72094 dataset were randomized 7:3 to a training set and an internal validation set. Three independent cohorts, TCGA, GSE31210, and GSE37745, were used for external verification. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on autophagy- and immune-associated genes was used to identify autophagy- and immune-associated molecular patterns, respectively. Significantly prognostic autophagy-immune genes were identified by LASSO analysis and by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Differences in tumor immune microenvironments, functional pathways, and potential therapeutic responses were investigated to differentiate high-risk and low-risk groups. Results High autophagy status and high immune status were associated with improved overall survival. Autophagy and immune subtypes were merged into a two-dimensional index to characterize the combined prognostic classifier, with 535 genes defined as autophagy-immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Four genes (C4BPA, CD300LG, CD96, and S100P) were identified to construct an autophagy-immune-related prognostic risk model. Survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that this model was significantly prognostic of survival. Patterns of autophagy and immune genes differed in low- and high-risk patients. Enrichment of most immune infiltrating cells was greater, and the expression of crucial immune checkpoint molecules was higher, in the low-risk group. TIDE and immunotherapy clinical cohort analysis predicted that the low-risk group had more potential responders to immunotherapy. GO, KEGG, and GSEA function analysis identified immune- and autophagy-related pathways. Autophagy inducers were observed in patients in the low-risk group, whereas the high-risk group was sensitive to autophagy inhibitors. The expression of the four genes was assessed in clinical specimens and cell lines. Conclusions The autophagy-immune-based gene signature represents a promising tool for risk stratification in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, guiding individualized targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaxuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Daipeng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lintong Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongrui Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peimeng You
- Department of Thoracic radiology, Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Jialong Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congsen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weijie Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maotao Weng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanjun Zeng
- Department of General Practice, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jiangxi Lung Cancer Institute, Nanchang, China
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Evaluating Antibody Pharmacokinetics as Prerequisite for Determining True Efficacy as Shown by Dual Targeting of PD-1 and CD96. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092146. [PMID: 36140247 PMCID: PMC9495994 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One important prerequisite for developing a therapeutic monoclonal antibody is to evaluate its in vivo efficacy. We tested the therapeutic potential of an anti-CD96 antibody alone or in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody in a mouse colon cancer model. Early anti-PD-1 treatment significantly decreased tumor growth and the combination with anti-CD96 further increased the therapeutic benefit, while anti-CD96 treatment alone had no effect. In late therapeutic settings, the treatment combination resulted in enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration of tumors and an increased CD8/Treg ratio. Measured anti-PD-1 concentrations were as expected in animals treated with anti-PD-1 alone, but lower at later time points in animals receiving combination treatment. Moreover, anti-CD96 concentrations dropped dramatically after 10 days and were undetectable thereafter in most animals due to the occurrence of anti-drug antibodies that were increasing antibody clearance. Comparison of the anti-PD-1 concentrations with tumor growth showed that higher antibody concentrations in plasma correlated with better therapeutic efficacy. The therapeutic effect of anti-CD96 treatment could not be evaluated, because plasma concentrations were too low. Our findings strongly support the notion of measuring both plasma concentration and anti-drug antibody formation throughout in vivo studies, in order to interpret pharmacodynamic data correctly.
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Conner M, Hance KW, Yadavilli S, Smothers J, Waight JD. Emergence of the CD226 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914406. [PMID: 35812451 PMCID: PMC9263721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a set of immune receptors that interact with members of the nectin/nectin-like (necl) family has garnered significant attention as possible points of manipulation in cancer. Central to this axis, CD226, TIGIT, and CD96 represent ligand (CD155)-competitive co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors, analogous to the CTLA-4/B7/CD28 tripartite. The identification of PVRIG (CD112R) and CD112 has introduced complexity and enabled additional nodes of therapeutic intervention. By virtue of the clinical progression of TIGIT antagonists and emergence of novel CD96- and PVRIG-based approaches, our overall understanding of the ‘CD226 axis’ in cancer immunotherapy is starting to take shape. However, several questions remain regarding the unique characteristics of, and mechanistic interplay between, each receptor-ligand pair. This review provides an overview of the CD226 axis in the context of cancer, with a focus on the status of immunotherapeutic strategies (TIGIT, CD96, and PVRIG) and their underlying biology (i.e., cis/trans interactions). We also integrate our emerging knowledge of the immune populations involved, key considerations for Fc gamma (γ) receptor biology in therapeutic activity, and a snapshot of the rapidly evolving clinical landscape.
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32
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Dunai C, Ames E, Ochoa MC, Fernandez-Sendin M, Melero I, Simonetta F, Baker J, Alvarez M. Killers on the loose: Immunotherapeutic strategies to improve NK cell-based therapy for cancer treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 370:65-122. [PMID: 35798507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that control tumor progression by not only directly killing cancer cells, but also by regulating other immune cells, helping to orchestrate a coordinated anti-tumor response. However, despite the tremendous potential that this cell type has, the clinical results obtained from diverse NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies have been, until recent years, rather modest. The intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that are involved in the control of their activation as well as the multiple mechanisms that tumor cells have developed to escape NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity likely account for the unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The current approaches to improve long-term NK cell function are centered on modulating different molecules involved in both the activation and inhibition of NK cells, and the latest data seems to advocate for combining strategies that target multiple aspects of NK cell regulation. In this review, we summarize the different strategies (such as engineered NK cells, CAR-NK, NK cell immune engagers) that are currently being used to take advantage of this potent and complex immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Fernandez-Sendin
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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Wang Y, Wang C, Qiu J, Qu X, Peng J, Lu C, Zhang M, Zhang M, Qi X, Li G, Hua K. Targeting CD96 overcomes PD-1 blockade resistance by enhancing CD8+ TIL function in cervical cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003667. [PMID: 35288463 PMCID: PMC8921917 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapies are needed to treat recurrent and advanced cervical cancer (CC), as their prognosis remains very poor. Although therapies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway have been approved for CC, a large subset of patients exhibit innate resistance. Using checkpoint inhibitors in combination could enhance their efficacy. METHODS Blood samples, tumor specimens, and peritumorous (PT) tissues were obtained from patients with CC. The inhibitory receptor expression and phenotypical analysis of CD8+ T cells in CC specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry. The ligands of CD96 expressed by tumor cells were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Sensitivity to pembrolizumab was evaluated by an ex vivo treatment assay based on the single-cell culture of CC specimens. The efficacies of PD-1 and/or CD96 blockades were explored using an ex vivo treatment assay and an human papillomavirus-positive TC-1 xenograft mouse model in vivo. RESULTS We found that CD96 expression was elevated on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with CC who were insensitive to the PD-1 blockade. These CD96-expressing CD8+ TILs often coexpressed PD-1. The ratio of the CD96+CD8+/CD96-CD8+ T-cell gene signature from the scRNA-seq data was significantly associated with the poor survival of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. The costimulatory receptor CD226, which competes with CD96, was downregulated in tumors compared with blood and PT tissue. CD96 and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) were upregulated on intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The CD226/CD96/TIGIT signaling ligands were widely expressed in CC tumor tissues. Phenotypical profiling showed that PD-1+CD96+CD8+ TILs exhibited a terminally exhausted effector phenotype with high levels of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3 (TIM-3) and granzyme B (GZMB) and extremely low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. PD-1+CD96 cells exhibited a precursor exhausted phenotype with TCF-1 positivity. CD96 was further upregulated by CD8+ TILs on PD-1 blockade. Treatment with the CD96 blockade significantly enhanced the PD-1 blockade to blunt tumor growth and improve the function of CD8+ TILs in both mouse and CC specimen models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that CD96 and PD-1 cooperatively and negatively regulate the function of CD8+ TILs, and CD96 blockade has promise for use in combination with PD-1 blockade for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congwen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Department of Integration of Western and Traditional Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Archilla-Ortega A, Domuro C, Martin-Liberal J, Muñoz P. Blockade of novel immune checkpoints and new therapeutic combinations to boost antitumor immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:62. [PMID: 35164813 PMCID: PMC8842574 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for boosting antitumoral immunity. Blockade of immune checkpoints (ICs), which regulate the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells has proven clinical benefits. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 are IC-blockade drugs approved for the treatment of various solid and hematological malignancies. However, a large subset of patients does not respond to current anti-IC immunotherapy. An integrative understanding of tumor-immune infiltrate, and IC expression and function in immune cell populations is fundamental to the design of effective therapies. The simultaneous blockade of newly identified ICs, as well as of previously described ICs, could improve antitumor response. We review the potential for novel combinatory blockade strategies as antitumoral therapy, and their effects on immune cells expressing the targeted ICs. Preclinical evidence and clinical trials involving the blockade of the various ICs are reported. We finally discuss the rationale of IC co-blockade strategy with respect to its downstream signaling in order to improve effective antitumoral immunity and prevent an increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
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36
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Feng D, Shi X, Xiong Q, Zhang F, Li D, Wei W, Yang L. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index Associated With Biochemical Recurrence and Radiation Resistance for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803766. [PMID: 35223835 PMCID: PMC8867172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death which has been reported to be involved in the development of various cancers. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible links between ferroptosis and prostate cancer (PCa), and a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index (FGPI) was constructed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and radiation resistance for PCa patients undergoing radical radiotherapy (RRT). Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of PCa was analyzed. Methods: We merged four GEO datasets by removing batch effects. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was used to establish a network of transcriptional factor and competing endogenous RNA. Results: We established the FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1. We observed that FGPI was an independent risk factor of BCR for PCa patients (HR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.68–5.48), consistent with the result of internal validation (HR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.68–7.05). Furthermore, FGPI showed high ability to identify radiation resistance (AUC: 0.963; 95% CI: 0.882–1.00). LncRNA PART1 was significantly associated with BCR and might modulate the mRNA expression of EPAS1 and ACSL3 through interactions with 60 miRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that FGPI was enriched in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, allograft rejection, TGF beta signaling pathway, and ECM receptor interaction. Immune checkpoint and m6A analyses showed that PD-L2, CD96, and METTL14 were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups, among which CD96 was significantly associated with BCR-free survival (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06–3.03). We observed that cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity were differentially expressed between BCR and no BCR groups and closely related to BCR-free survival (HRs were 2.17, 1.79, 2.20, 1.93, 1.92, and 0.52 for cancer-related fibroblasts, macrophages, stromal score, immune score, estimate score, and tumor purity, respectively). Moreover, cancer-related fibroblasts (coefficient: 0.20), stromal score (coefficient: 0.14), immune score (coefficient: 0.14), estimate score (coefficient: 0.15), and tumor purity (coefficient: −0.15) were significantly related to FGPI, among which higher positive correlation between cancer-related fibroblasts and FGPI was observed. Conclusion: We found that FGPI based on ACSL3 and EPAS1 might be used to predict BCR and radiation resistance for PCa patients. CD96 and PD-L2 might be a possible target for drug action. Besides, we highlighted the importance of immune evasion in the process of BCR.
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Lin YZ, Liu SH, Wu WR, Shen YC, Wang YL, Liao CC, Lin PL, Chang H, Liu LC, Cheng WC, Wang SC. miR-4759 suppresses breast cancer through immune checkpoint blockade. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:241-251. [PMID: 35024096 PMCID: PMC8718579 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the key immune checkpoint governing evasion of advanced cancer from immune surveillance. Immuno-oncology (IO) therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 with traditional antibodies is a promising approach to multiple cancer types but to which the response rate remains moderate in breast cancer, calling for the need of exploring alternative IO targeting approaches. A miRNA-gene network was integrated by a bioinformatics approach and corroborated with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to screen miRNAs regulating immune checkpoint genes and associated with patient survival. Here we show the identification of a novel microRNA miR-4759 which repressed RNA expression of the PD-L1 gene. miR-4759 targeted the PD-L1 gene through two binding motifs in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of PD-L1. Reconstitution of miR-4759 inhibited PD-L1 expression and sensitized breast cancer cells to killing by immune cells. Treatment with miR-4759 suppressed tumor growth of orthotopic xenografts and promoted tumor infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes in immunocompetent mice. In contrast, miR-4759 had no effect to tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. In patients with breast cancer, expression of miR-4759 was preferentially downregulated in tumors compared to normal tissues and was associated with poor overall survival. Together, our results demonstrated miR-4759 as a novel non-coding RNA which promotes anti-tumor immunity of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhe Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsuan Liu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Rong Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Le Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Han Chang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Goswami S, Sarkar C, Singh S, Singh AP, Chakroborty D. Racial differences in prostate tumor microenvironment: implications for disparate clinical outcomes and potential opportunities. CANCER HEALTH DISPARITIES 2022; 6:214. [PMID: 36777283 PMCID: PMC9910060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in cancer incidence and outcome are common among the racial and ethnical minorities in the United States and are of significant social and clinical concern. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy in American men and exhibits substantial racial disparities with African American men bearing the highest burden in terms of incidence and mortality. A multitude of factors, including socioeconomic, behavioral, and access to healthcare, have been implicated as the underlying causes of such disparities. More recent data also suggest that there are inherent molecular and biological differences in prostate tumors of patients having distinct racial backgrounds. Tumor microenvironment has tremendous impact on the course of cancer progression and clinical outcome and may also contribute to the racial disparities observed in prostate cancer. Therefore, a better understanding of critical differences in the tumor microenvironment components may provide newer directions to study the biological causes of prostate cancer health disparities and may identify novel therapeutic targets. This review discusses the findings related to the tumor microenvironment differences between African American and Caucasian American prostate cancer patients and makes suggestion regarding their potential significance in prostate cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Goswami
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chandrani Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Debanjan Chakroborty
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Wu B, Zhong C, Lang Q, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Xu F, Tian Y. Poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like protein cosignaling network: new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:267. [PMID: 34433460 PMCID: PMC8390200 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, also known as cosignaling molecules, are pivotal cell-surface molecules that control immune cell responses by either promoting (costimulatory molecules) or inhibiting (coinhibitory molecules) a signal. These molecules have been studied for many years. The application of immune checkpoint drugs in the clinic provides hope for cancer patients. Recently, the poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like protein cosignaling network, which involves several immune checkpoint receptors, i.e., DNAM-1 (DNAX accessory molecule-1, CD226), TIGIT (T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)), CD96 (T cell activation, increased late expression (TACLILE)), and CD112R (PVRIG), which interact with their ligands CD155 (PVR/Necl-5), CD112 (PVRL2/nectin-2), CD111 (PVRL1/nectin-1), CD113 (PVRL3/nectin-3), and Nectin4, was discovered. As important components of the immune system, natural killer (NK) and T cells play a vital role in eliminating and killing foreign pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that this novel cosignaling network axis costimulates and coinhibits NK and T cell activation to eliminate cancer cells after engaging with ligands, and this activity may be effectively targeted for cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we review recent advances in research on this novel cosignaling network. We also briefly outline the structure of this cosignaling network, the signaling cascades and mechanisms involved after receptors engage with ligands, and how this novel cosignaling network costimulates and coinhibits NK cell and T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, this review comprehensively summarizes the application of this new network in preclinical trials and clinical trials. This review provides a new immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- Department of College of Medical and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Mattiuz R, Brousse C, Ambrosini M, Cancel J, Bessou G, Mussard J, Sanlaville A, Caux C, Bendriss‐Vermare N, Valladeau‐Guilemond J, Dalod M, Crozat K. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells and interferons are required for spontaneous CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell protective responses to breast cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1305. [PMID: 34277006 PMCID: PMC8279130 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand how immune responses may be harnessed against breast cancer, we investigated which immune cell types and signalling pathways are required for spontaneous control of a mouse model of mammary adenocarcinoma. METHODS The NOP23 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line expressing epitopes derived from the ovalbumin model antigen is spontaneously controlled when orthotopically engrafted in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. We combined this breast cancer model with antibody-mediated depletion of lymphocytes and with mutant mice affected in interferon (IFN) or type 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) responses. We monitored tumor growth and immune infiltration including the activation of cognate ovalbumin-specific T cells. RESULTS Breast cancer immunosurveillance required cDC1, NK/NK T cells, conventional CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). cDC1 were required constitutively, but especially during T-cell priming. In tumors, cDC1 were interacting simultaneously with CD4+ T cells and tumor-specific CTLs. cDC1 expression of the XCR1 chemokine receptor and of the T-cell-attracting or T-cell-activating cytokines CXCL9, IL-12 and IL-15 was dispensable for tumor rejection, whereas IFN responses were necessary, including cDC1-intrinsic signalling by STAT1 and IFN-γ but not type I IFN (IFN-I). cDC1 and IFNs promoted CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, terminal differentiation and effector functions. In breast cancer patients, high intratumor expression of genes specific to cDC1, CTLs, CD4+ T cells or IFN responses is associated with a better prognosis. CONCLUSION Interferons and cDC1 are critical for breast cancer immunosurveillance. IFN-γ plays a prominent role over IFN-I in licensing cDC1 for efficient T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mattiuz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
- Present address:
The Precision Immunology Institute and Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Carine Brousse
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Marc Ambrosini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Jean‐Charles Cancel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Julie Mussard
- INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Amélien Sanlaville
- INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Christophe Caux
- INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Nathalie Bendriss‐Vermare
- INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Jenny Valladeau‐Guilemond
- INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonUniv LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Karine Crozat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyTuring Center for Living SystemsCNRSINSERMAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Cao G, Zheng X, Sun C, Wei H, Tian Z, Xiao W, Sun R, Sun H. Blockade of checkpoint receptor PVRIG unleashes anti-tumor immunity of NK cells in murine and human solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:100. [PMID: 34174928 PMCID: PMC8236157 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although checkpoint-based immunotherapy has shown exciting results in the treatment of tumors, around 70% of patients have experienced unresponsiveness. PVRIG is a recently identified immune checkpoint receptor and blockade of which could reverse T cell exhaustion to treat murine tumor; however, its therapeutic potential via NK cells in mice and human remains seldom reported. METHODS In this study, we used patient paraffin-embedded colon adenocarcinoma sections, various murine tumor models (MC38 colon cancer, MCA205 fibrosarcoma and LLC lung cancer), and human NK cell- or PBMC-reconstituted xenograft models (SW620 colon cancer) to investigate the effect of PVRIG on tumor progression. RESULTS We found that PVRIG was highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating NK cells with exhausted phenotype. Furthermore, either PVRIG deficiency, early blockade or late blockade of PVRIG slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice by inhibiting exhaustion of NK cells as well as CD8+ T cells. Combined blockade of PVRIG and PD-L1 showed better effect in controlling tumor growth than using either one alone. Depletion of NK or/and CD8+ T cells in vivo showed that both cell types contributed to the anti-tumor efficacy of PVRIG blockade. By using Rag1-/- mice, we demonstrated that PVRIG blockade could provide therapeutic effect in the absence of adaptive immunity. Further, blockade of human PVRIG with monoclonal antibody enhanced human NK cell function and inhibited human tumor growth in NK cell- or PBMC-reconstituted xenograft mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the importance of NK cells and provide novel knowledge for clinical application of PVRIG-targeted drugs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guoshuai Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Research Unit of NK Cell Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei TG ImmunoPharma Corporation Limited, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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42
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Bunet R, Nayrac M, Ramani H, Sylla M, Durand M, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Routy JP, Landay AL, Gauchat JF, Chomont N, Ancuta P, Kaufmann DE, Bernard N, Tremblay CL, El-Far M. Loss of CD96 Expression as a Marker of HIV-Specific CD8 + T-Cell Differentiation and Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673061. [PMID: 34122431 PMCID: PMC8190400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent immune activation and inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with immunosenescence, premature aging and increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities, with the underlying mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we show that downregulation of the T-cell immunoglobulin receptor CD96 on CD8+ T cells from PLWH is associated with decreased expression of the co-stimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28, higher expression of the senescence marker CD57 and accumulation of a terminally differentiated T-cell memory phenotype. In addition, we show that CD96-low CD8+ T-cells display lower proliferative potential compared to their CD96-high counterparts and that loss of CD96 expression by HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells is associated with a suboptimal response to HIV antigens. In conclusion, our results suggest that CD96 marks CD8+ T-cells with competent responses to HIV and the loss of its expression might be used as a biomarker for CD8+ T-cell senescence and dysfunction in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Bunet
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hardik Ramani
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Sylla
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Gauchat
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Bernard
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile L Tremblay
- CHUM-Research Centre, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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43
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Wei G, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wang J, Wu N, Li L, Wu J, Zhang D. Emerging immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:68-76. [PMID: 33957184 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in modulating host antitumor immunity. Checkpoint-based immunotherapies (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, there are still many drawbacks with current checkpoint immunotherapies in clinical practice, such as unresponsiveness, resistance, tumor hyperprogression, autoimmune-related adverse events, and limited efficacy with some solid malignances. These drawbacks highlight the need to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects, as well as the need to identify new targets for cancer immunotherapy. With the discovery of emerging immune checkpoints in the TME, the development of strategies targeting the pivotal immunomodulators for cancer treatment has been significantly advanced in the past decade. In this review, we summarize and classify the novel emerging immune checkpoints beyond the extensively studied ones (e.g. PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3) in the TME, and provide an update on the clinical trials targeting these key immune molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Wei
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leying Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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44
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Jiang YQ, Wang ZX, Zhong M, Shen LJ, Han X, Zou X, Liu XY, Deng YN, Yang Y, Chen GH, Deng W, Huang JH. Investigating Mechanisms of Response or Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Analyzing Cell-Cell Communications in Tumors Before and After Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Targeted Therapy: An Integrative Analysis Using Single-cell RNA and Bulk-RNA Sequencing Data. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1908010. [PMID: 33868792 PMCID: PMC8023241 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1908010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, a significant proportion of cancer patients do not benefit from programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-targeted therapy. Overcoming drug resistance remains a challenge. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing data from samples collected before and after anti-PD-1 therapy were analyzed. Cell-cell interaction analyses were performed to determine the differences between pretreatment responders and nonresponders and the relative differences in changes from pretreatment to posttreatment status between responders and nonresponders to ultimately investigate the specific mechanisms underlying response and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Bulk-RNA sequencing data were used to validate our results. Furthermore, we analyzed the evolutionary trajectory of ligands/receptors in specific cell types in responders and nonresponders. Based on pretreatment data from responders and nonresponders, we identified several different cell-cell interactions, like WNT5A-PTPRK, EGFR-AREG, AXL-GAS6 and ACKR3-CXCL12. Furthermore, relative differences in the changes from pretreatment to posttreatment status between responders and nonresponders existed in SELE-PSGL-1, CXCR3-CCL19, CCL4-SLC7A1, CXCL12-CXCR3, EGFR-AREG, THBS1-a3b1 complex, TNF-TNFRSF1A, TNF-FAS and TNFSF10-TNFRSF10D interactions. In trajectory analyses of tumor-specific exhausted CD8 T cells using ligand/receptor genes, we identified a cluster of T cells that presented a distinct pattern of ligand/receptor expression. They highly expressed suppressive genes like HAVCR2 and KLRC1, cytotoxic genes like GZMB and FASLG and the tissue-residence-related gene CCL5. These cells had increased expression of survival-related and tissue-residence-related genes, like heat shock protein genes and the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R), CACYBP and IFITM3 genes, after anti-PD-1 therapy. These results reveal the mechanisms underlying anti-PD-1 therapy response and offer abundant clues for potential strategies to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Quan Jiang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Jun Shen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Xuxiazi Zou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Nan Deng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou China
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45
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Rana B, Rana A. Tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cell antitumor efficacy and exhaustion: molecular insights. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:951-967. [PMID: 33450394 PMCID: PMC8131230 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host immunity has an essential role in the clinical management of cancers. Therefore, it is advantageous to choose therapies that can promote tumor cell death and concurrently boost host immunity. The dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) determines whether an antineoplastic drug will elicit favorable or disparaging immune responses from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ T cells are one of the primary tumor-infiltrating immune cells that deliver antitumor responses. Here, we review the influence of various factors in the TME on CD8+ T cell exhaustion and survival, and possible strategies for restoring CD8+ T cell effector function through immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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46
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Alteber Z, Kotturi MF, Whelan S, Ganguly S, Weyl E, Pardoll DM, Hunter J, Ophir E. Therapeutic Targeting of Checkpoint Receptors within the DNAM1 Axis. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1040-1051. [PMID: 33687987 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting the CTLA4/PD-1 pathways have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by eliciting durable remission in patients with cancer. However, relapse following early response, attributable to primary and adaptive resistance, is frequently observed. Additional immunomodulatory pathways are being studied in patients with primary or acquired resistance to CTLA4 or PD-1 blockade. The DNAM1 axis is a potent coregulator of innate and adaptive immunity whose other components include the immunoglobulin receptors TIGIT, PVRIG, and CD96, and their nectin and nectin-like ligands. We review the basic biology and therapeutic relevance of this family, which has begun to show promise in cancer clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE: Recent studies have outlined the immuno-oncologic ascendancy of coinhibitory receptors in the DNAM1 axis such as TIGIT and PVRIG and, to a lesser extent, CD96. Biological elucidation backed by ongoing clinical trials of single-agent therapy directed against TIGIT or PVRIG is beginning to provide the rationale for testing combination regimens of DNAM1 axis blockers in conjunction with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Whelan
- Compugen USA, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Hunter
- Compugen USA, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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47
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Johnston RJ, Lee PS, Strop P, Smyth MJ. Cancer Immunotherapy and the Nectin Family. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-060920-084910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that the nectin family and its immunoreceptors shape the immune response to cancer through several pathways. Yet, even as antibodies against TIGIT, CD96, and CD112R advance into clinical development, biological and therapeutic questions remain unanswered. Here, we review recent progress, prospects, and challenges to understanding and tapping this family in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Johnston
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA
| | - Peter S. Lee
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Pavel Strop
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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48
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Liu C, Gong J, Yu H, Liu Q, Wang S, Wang J. A CT-Based Radiomics Approach to Predict Nivolumab Response in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:544339. [PMID: 33718125 PMCID: PMC7943844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.544339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to develop a CT-based radiomics model to predict clinical outcomes of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab. Methods Forty-six stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients without EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement who received nivolumab were enrolled. After segmenting primary tumors depicting on the pre-anti-PD1 treatment CT images, 1,106 radiomics features were computed and extracted to decode the imaging phenotypes of these tumors. A L1-based feature selection method was applied to remove the redundant features and build an optimal feature pool. To predict the risk of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the selected image features were used to train and test three machine-learning classifiers namely, support vector machine classifier, logistic regression classifier, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier. Finally, the overall patients were stratified into high and low risk subgroups by using prediction scores obtained from three classifiers, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conduct to evaluate the prognostic values of these patients. Results To predict the risk of PFS and OS, the average area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of three classifiers were 0.73 ± 0.07 and 0.61 ± 0.08, respectively; the corresponding average Harrell’s concordance indexes for three classifiers were 0.92 and 0.79. The average hazard ratios (HR) of three models for predicting PFS and OS were 6.22 and 3.54, which suggested the significant difference of the two subgroup’s PFS and OS (p<0.05). Conclusion The pre-treatment CT-based radiomics model provided a promising way to predict clinical outcomes for advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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49
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Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics targeting the inhibitory receptors PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 have shown remarkable clinical progress on several cancers. However, most patients do not benefit from these therapies. Thus, many efforts are being made to identify new immune checkpoint receptor-ligand pathways that are alternative targets for cancer immunotherapies. Nectin and nectin-like molecules are widely expressed on several types of tumor cells and play regulatory roles in T- and NK-cell functions. TIGIT, CD226, CD96 and CD112R on lymphoid cells are a group of immunoglobulin superfamily receptors that interact with Nectin and nectin-like molecules with different affinities. These receptors transmit activating or inhibitory signals upon binding their cognate ligands to the immune cells. The integrated signals formed by their complex interactions contribute to regu-lating immune-cell functions. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of anti-TIGIT and anti-CD112R blockades for treating patients with solid tumors. However, many questions still need to be answered in order to fully understand the dynamics and functions of these receptor networks. This review addresses the rationale behind targeting TIGIT, CD226, CD96, and CD112R to regulate T- and NK-cell functions and discusses their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Korea
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50
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Martinez M, Kim S, St Jean N, O'Brien S, Lian L, Sun J, Verona RI, Moon E. Addition of anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT Antibodies to anti-PD1 Blockade Augments Human T cell Adoptive Cell Transfer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1873607. [PMID: 33537176 PMCID: PMC7833767 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PD1 blockade to reinvigorate T cells has become part of standard of care for patients with NSCLC across disease stages. However, the majority of patients still do not respond. One potential mechanism of resistance is increased expression of other checkpoint inhibitory molecules on T cells leading to their suppression; however, this phenomenon has not been well studied in tumor-reactive, human T cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this compensatory mechanism in a novel model using human effector T cells infiltrating and reactive against human lung cancer. Immunodeficient mice with flank tumors established from a human lung cancer cell line expressing the NYESO1 antigen were treated with activated human T cells expressing a TCR reactive to NYESO1 (Ly95) with or without anti-PD1 alone and with combinations of anti-PD1 plus anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT. A month later, the effect on tumor growth and the phenotype and ex vivo function of the TILs were analyzed. Anti-PD1 and Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than Ly95 T cells alone; however, tumors continued to grow. The ex-vivo function of PD1-blocked Ly95 TILs was suppressed and was associated with increased T cell expression of TIM3/TIGIT. Administering combinatorial blockade of PD1+ TIM3 or PD1+ TIGIT with Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than blocking PD1 alone. In our model, PD1 blockade was suboptimally therapeutic alone. The effect of TIM3 and TIGIT was upregulated on T cells in response to PD1 blockade and anti-tumor activity could be enhanced when these inhibitory receptors were also blocked with antibodies in combination with anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Naomi St Jean
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lurong Lian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Edmund Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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