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Lipids Nutrients in Parkinson and Alzheimer's Diseases: Cell Death and Cytoprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072501. [PMID: 32260305 PMCID: PMC7178281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, have common features: protein accumulation, cell death with mitochondrial involvement and oxidative stress. Patients are treated to cure the symptoms, but the treatments do not target the causes; so, the disease is not stopped. It is interesting to look at the side of nutrition which could help prevent the first signs of the disease or slow its progression in addition to existing therapeutic strategies. Lipids, whether in the form of vegetable or animal oils or in the form of fatty acids, could be incorporated into diets with the aim of preventing neurodegenerative diseases. These different lipids can inhibit the cytotoxicity induced during the pathology, whether at the level of mitochondria, oxidative stress or apoptosis and inflammation. The conclusions of the various studies cited are oriented towards the preventive use of oils or fatty acids. The future of these lipids that can be used in therapy/prevention will undoubtedly involve a better delivery to the body and to the brain by utilizing lipid encapsulation.
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Riquelme A, Valdés-Tovar M, Ugalde O, Maya-Ampudia V, Fernández M, Mendoza-Durán L, Rodríguez-Cárdenas L, Benítez-King G. Potential Use of Exfoliated and Cultured Olfactory Neuronal Precursors for In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: A Pilot Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:87-98. [PMID: 31414299 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological hallmarks of dementia have been described postmortem in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau, a microtubule associated protein, is abnormally arranged in neurofibrillary tangles. In living AD patients, total tau (t-tau) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture. Herein, we studied the t-tau and p-tau levels as well as the subcellular distribution of t-tau in olfactory neuronal precursors obtained by exfoliation of the nasal cavity of AD patients and control participants. Data showed that t-tau and p-tau levels were increased in cell homogenates from AD patients. Also, t-tau immunoreactivity was arranged in a punctate pattern in olfactory neuronal precursors derived from an AD participant with 5 years of evolution and in the oldest participants, either control subjects or those with Alzheimer's disease. Results support that exfoliated neuronal precursors have tau alterations demonstrated in postmortem brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid. This evidence and because the obtainment of olfactory neuronal precursors is a noninvasive procedure, detection of tau alterations shown here might be useful for an early diagnosis of AD-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Cellular Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Program in Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ugalde
- Clínica de Psicogeriatría, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Maya-Ampudia
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Fernández
- Clínica de Psicogeriatría, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Mendoza-Durán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Choi Y, Ha S, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DS, Kim DJ. Development of tau PET Imaging Ligands and their Utility in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 52:24-30. [PMID: 29391909 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are senile plaques which are aggregates of β-amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and these induce various other neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the measurement of neurofibrillary tangles associated with cognitive decline is suitable for differential diagnosis, disease progression assessment, and to monitor the effects of therapeutic treatment. This review discusses considerations for the development of tau ligands for imaging and summarizes the results of the first-in-human and preclinical studies of the tau tracers that have been developed thus far. The development of tau ligands for imaging studies will be helpful for differential diagnosis and for the development of therapeutic treatments for tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoori Choi
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 110-744, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 South Korea
| | - Seunggyun Ha
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 110-744, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,3Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 03080, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 110-744, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,3Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 03080, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- 4Institute of Brain Science, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 110-744, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 South Korea.,3Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 03080, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- 4Institute of Brain Science, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 South Korea
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Jovalekic A, Koglin N, Mueller A, Stephens AW. New protein deposition tracers in the pipeline. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2016; 1:11. [PMID: 29564387 PMCID: PMC5843813 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional nuclear medicine ligands were designed to target cellular receptors or transporters with a binding pocket and a defined structure-activity relationship. More recently, tracers have been developed to target pathological protein aggregations, which have less well-defined structure-activity relationships. Aggregations of proteins such as tau, α-synuclein, and β-amyloid (Aβ) have been identified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Indeed, Aβ deposition is a hallmark of AD, and detection methods have evolved from coloured dyes to modern 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Such tracers are becoming increasingly established in routine clinical practice for evaluation of Aβ neuritic plaque density in the brains of adults who are being evaluated for AD and other causes of cognitive impairment. While similar in structure, there are key differences between the available compounds in terms of dosing/dosimetry, pharmacokinetics, and interpretation of visual reads. In the future, quantification of Aβ-PET may further improve its utility. Tracers are now being developed for evaluation of tau protein, which is associated with decreased cognitive function and neurodegenerative changes in AD, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases. While no compound has yet been approved for tau imaging in clinical use, it is a very active area of research. Development of tau tracers comprises in-depth characterisation of existing radiotracers, clinical validation, a better understanding of uptake patterns, test-retest/dosimetry data, and neuropathological correlations with PET. Tau imaging may allow early, more accurate diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression, in a range of conditions. Another marker for which imaging modalities are needed is α-synuclein, which has potential for conditions including PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Efforts to develop a suitable tracer are ongoing, but are still in their infancy. In conclusion, several PET tracers for detection of pathological protein depositions are now available for clinical use, particularly PET tracers that bind to Aβ plaques. Tau-PET tracers are currently in clinical development, and α-synuclein protein deposition tracers are at early stage of research. These tracers will continue to change our understanding of complex disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman Koglin
- Piramal Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Straße 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Mueller
- Piramal Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Straße 6-7, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Immunohistochemistry utilization in autopsy pathology: A Canadian experience. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ott S, Henkel AW, Henkel MK, Redzic ZB, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Pre-aggregated Aβ1-42 peptide increases tau aggregation and hyperphosphorylation after short-term application. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 349:169-77. [PMID: 21113648 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuritic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, are the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. It is not clear so far, how both structures are functionally and physiologically connected. We have investigated the role of Aβ1-42 on hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau in SY5Y cells by transfection and overexpression with two tau constructs, a shortened wildtype tau (2N4R) and a point mutation tau (P301L), found in fronto-temporal dementia. It was found that the tau protein becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms large aggregates inside cells, visualized by immunofluorescence, after short incubation of 90 min with preaggregated Aβ1-42. In Addition, Aβ1-42 caused a decrease of tau solubility in both tau constructs in this relatively short time period. Taken together, these experiments suggest that pathological preaggregated Aβ1-42 in physiological concentrations quickly induces hyperphosphorylation and pathological structural changes of tau protein and thereby directly linking the 'amyloid hypothesis' to tau pathology, observed in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. There are no known preventive or curative measures. There is increasing evidence for the role of total adiposity, usually measured clinically as BMI, and central adiposity, in Alzheimer's disease. This topic is of enormous public health importance given the global epidemic of high adiposity and its consequences. RECENT FINDINGS Salient publications in 2007 and 2008 showed that (a) central adiposity in middle age predicts dementia in old age; (b) the relation between high adiposity and dementia is attenuated with older age; (c) waist circumference in old age, a measure of central adiposity, may be a better predictor of dementia than BMI; (d) lower BMI predicts dementia in elderly people; and (e) weight loss may precede dementia diagnosis by decades, which may explain seemingly paradoxical findings. SUMMARY The possibility that high adiposity increases Alzheimer's disease risk is alarming given global trends of overweight and obesity in the general population. However, prevention and manipulation of adiposity may also provide a means to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Treatment of weight loss in Alzheimer's disease may also be important but is beyond the score of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Luchsinger
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Estradiol and neurodegenerative oxidative stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2008; 29:463-75. [PMID: 18275991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol is a potent preventative against neurodegenerative disease, in part, by activating antioxidant defense systems scavenging reactive oxygen species, limiting mitochondrial protein damage, improving electron transport chain activity and reducing mitochondrial DNA damage. Estradiol also increases the activity of complex IV of the electron transport chain, improving mitochondrial respiration and ATP production under normal and stressful conditions. However, the high oxidative cellular environment present during neurodegeneration makes estradiol a poor agent for treatment of existing disease. Oxidative stress stimulates the production of the hydroperoxide-dependent hydroxylation of estradiol to the catecholestrogen metabolites, which can undergo reactive oxygen species producing redox cycling, setting up a self-generating toxic cascade offsetting any antioxidant/antiapoptotic effects generated by the parent estradiol. Additional disease-induced factors can further perpetuate this cycle. For example dysregulation of the catecholamine system could alter catechol-O-methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation, preventing removal of redox cycling catecholestrogens from the system enhancing pro-oxidant effects of estradiol.
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Gustafson D. A life course of adiposity and dementia. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:163-75. [PMID: 18423446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity, commonly measured as body mass index (BMI), may influence or be influenced by brain structures and functions involved in dementia processes. Adipose tissue changes in degree and intensity over the lifespan, and has been shown to influence brain development in relationship to early and late measures of cognitive function, intelligence, and disorders of cognition such as dementia. A lower BMI is associated with prevalent dementia, potentially due to underlying brain pathologies and correspondingly greater rates of BMI or weight decline observed during the years immediately preceding clinical dementia onset. However, high BMI during mid-life or at least approximately 5-10 years preceding clinical dementia onset may increase risk. The interplay of adiposity and the brain occurring over the course of the lifespan will be discussed in relationship to developmental origins, mid-life sequelae, disruptions in brain structure and function, and late-life changes in cognition and dementia. Characterizing the life course of adiposity among those who do and do not become demented enhances understanding of biological underpinnings relevant for understanding the etiologies of both dementia and obesity and their co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gustafson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Aldigier JC, Kanjanbuch T, Ma LJ, Brown NJ, Fogo AB. Regression of existing glomerulosclerosis by inhibition of aldosterone. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:3306-14. [PMID: 16192423 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2004090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of inhibition of aldosterone on regression of existing hypertension-related glomerulosclerosis were investigated. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 to 250 g) underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Severity of glomerulosclerosis was assessed by renal biopsy 8 wk later, and rats were divided into four groups with equal biopsy sclerosis and then randomized by group to 4-wk treatments as follows: Control with no further treatment (CONT; n = 6); spironolactone (SP) alone (200 mg/kg per d, by gavage, n = 6); or SP combined with nonspecific triple antihypertensive drugs (TRX; reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide in drinking water; SP+TRX, n = 7) or with angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist (AT1RA; losartan in drinking water; SP+AT1RA, n = 8). When the rats were killed 12 wk after Nx, autopsy glomerulosclerosis index (SI; 0 to 4+ scale) was compared with biopsy SI in the same rats. Systolic BP was increased at 8 wk after Nx and continued to increase at 12 wk after Nx in the CONT and SP groups but not in SP+TRX- or SP+AT1RA-treated rats. Serum creatinine at 12 wk was significantly decreased in all SP-treated groups versus CONT. CONT rats had on average a 157% increase in SI from biopsy to killing at 12 wk, compared with only 84% increase in SP rats, with regression of SI in some rats. The effects on glomerulosclerosis by SP were further enhanced (when systolic BP was controlled by TRX or by AT1RA). It is concluded that inhibition of aldosterone by SP not only slows development of glomerulosclerosis but also induces regression in some rats of existing glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Aldigier
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st and Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-2561, USA
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Saxton J, Lopez OL, Ratcliff G, Dulberg C, Fried LP, Carlson MC, Newman AB, Kuller L. Preclinical Alzheimer disease: Neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset. Neurology 2004; 63:2341-7. [PMID: 15623697 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000147470.58328.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if individuals ultimately diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) exhibited evidence of cognitive impairment on neuropsychological tests administered between 1.5 years and 8.1 years before dementia onset. METHODS A total of 693 community-dwelling individuals, part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, completed a neuropsychological test battery in 1991/92. Subjects were followed annually over the next 8 years (median follow-up = 7.4 years). Seventy-two individuals were ultimately diagnosed with AD (median follow-up = 4.5 years): 24 with AD onset 1.5 to 3.4 years after baseline neuropsychological testing, 20 with AD onset 3.5 to 5.0 years after testing, and 28 with onset 5.1 to 8.1 years after testing. A total of 621 individuals remained nondemented throughout the 8 years of follow-up (median follow-up = 7.5 years). RESULTS Subjects ultimately diagnosed with AD had poorer scores on baseline neuropsychological measures than subjects who remained nondemented. Although individuals closest to AD onset (i.e., 1.5 to 3.4 years) performed the most poorly, cognitive impairment was detected in individuals who did not develop AD until 5 to 8 years later. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive changes can be detected well before onset of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saxton
- University of Pittsburgh, Oxford Building, Room 738, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hostetter
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Greicius MD, Geschwind MD, Miller BL. Presenile dementia syndromes: an update on taxonomy and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:691-700. [PMID: 12023408 PMCID: PMC1737933 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.6.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The four major degenerative dementias that often begin in presenescence: are reviewed. These are Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Their epidemiological, genetic, and clinical features are reviewed, and controversies in taxonomy arising from recent discoveries described. Particular attention is given to the pathological role of protein aggregation, which appears to be a factor in each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Greicius
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Bigio EH, Lipton AM, Yen SH, Hutton ML, Baker M, Nacharaju P, White CL, Davies P, Lin W, Dickson DW. Frontal lobe dementia with novel tauopathy: sporadic multiple system tauopathy with dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001; 60:328-41. [PMID: 11305868 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/60.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel tauopathy in a patient with a 10-yr history of progressive frontal lobe dementia and a negative family history. Autopsy revealed mild atrophy of frontal and parietal lobes and severe atrophy of the temporal lobes. There were occasional filamentous tau-positive inclusions, but more interesting were numerous distinctive globular neuronal and glial tau-positive inclusions in both gray and white matter of the neocortex. Affected subcortical regions included substantia nigra, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and cerebellar dentate nucleus, in a distribution similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), but without significant accompanying neuronal loss or gliosis. Predominantly straight filaments were detected by electron microscopy (EM), while other inclusions were similar to fingerprint bodies. No twisted ribbons were detected. Immuno-EM studies revealed that only the filamentous inclusions were composed of tau. Immunoblotting of sarkosyl-insoluble tau revealed 2 major bands of 64 and 68 kDa. Blotting analysis after dephosphorylation revealed predominantly 4-repeat tau. Sequence analysis of tau revealed that there were no mutations in either exons 9-13 or the adjacent intronic sequences. The unique cortical tau pathology in this case of sporadic multiple system tauopathy with dementia adds a new pathologic profile to the spectrum of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75390-9073, USA
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Brito-Marques PR, Mello RV, Montenegro L. Classic Pick's disease type with ubiquitin-positive and tau-negative inclusions: case report. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2001; 59:128-33. [PMID: 11299448 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2001000100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on a patient presenting Pick's disease similar to the one reported by Pick in 1892, with ubiquitin-positive and tau-negative inclusions. His diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical (language disturbance and behavioural disorders), neuropsychological (progressive aphasia of the expression type and late mutism), neuroimaging with magnetic resonance (bilateral frontal and temporal lobes atrophy) and brain single photon emission computed tomography (frontal and temporal lobes hypoperfusion) studies. Macroscopic examination showed atrophy on the frontal and temporal lobes. The left hippocampus displayed a major circumscribed atrophy. The diagnostic confirmation was made by the neuropathological findings of the autopsy that showed neuronal loss with gliosis of the adjacent white matter and apearance of status spongiosus in the middle frontal and especially in the upper temporal lobes. There were also neuronal swelling (ballooned cell) and argyrophilic inclusions (Pick's bodies) in the left and right hippocampi. Anti-ubiquitin reaction tested positive and anti-tau tested negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Brito-Marques
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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