1
|
Aiumtrakul N, Thongprayoon C, Suppadungsuk S, Krisanapan P, Pinthusopon P, Mao MA, Arayangkool C, Vo KB, Wannaphut C, Miao J, Cheungpasitporn W. Global Trends in Kidney Stone Awareness: A Time Series Analysis from 2004-2023. Clin Pract 2024; 14:915-927. [PMID: 38804404 PMCID: PMC11130814 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence and incidence of kidney stones progressively increasing worldwide, public awareness of this condition remains unclear. Understanding trends of awareness can assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in planning and implementing targeted health interventions. This study investigated online search interest in "kidney stone" by analyzing Google Trends, focusing on stationarity of the trends and predicting future trends. METHODS We performed time series analysis on worldwide Google monthly search data from January 2004 to November 2023. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was used to assess the stationarity of the data, with a p-value below 0.05 indicating stationarity. Time series forecasting was performed using the autoregressive integrated moving average to predict future trends. RESULTS The highest search interest for "kidney stone" (score 100) was in August 2022, while the lowest was in December 2007 (score 36). As of November 2023, search interest remained high, at 92. The ADF test was significant (p = 0.023), confirming data stationarity. The time series forecasting projected continued high public interest, likely reflecting ongoing concern and awareness. Notably, diverse regions such as Iran, the Philippines, Ecuador, the United States, and Nepal showed significant interest, suggesting widespread awareness of nephrolithiasis. CONCLUSION This study highlighted that "kidney stone" is a consistently relevant health issue globally. The increase and stationarity of search trends, the forecasted sustained interest, and diverse regional interest emphasize the need for collaborative research and educational initiatives. This study's analysis serves as a valuable tool for shaping future healthcare policies and research directions in addressing nephrolithiasis related health challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noppawit Aiumtrakul
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (N.A.); (C.A.); (K.B.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.T.); (S.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Supawadee Suppadungsuk
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.T.); (S.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Krisanapan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.T.); (S.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Chinnawat Arayangkool
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (N.A.); (C.A.); (K.B.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Kristine B. Vo
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (N.A.); (C.A.); (K.B.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Chalothorn Wannaphut
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (N.A.); (C.A.); (K.B.V.); (C.W.)
| | - Jing Miao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.T.); (S.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (C.T.); (S.S.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni J, Lv L, Wu P, Xu C. Associations between the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and likelihood of nephrolithiasis: a cross-sectional analysis in United States adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1289553. [PMID: 38449847 PMCID: PMC10914985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1289553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and the prevalence of nephrolithiasis within the adult population of the United States. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2018. The analysis included a non-pregnant population aged 20 years or older, providing proper PHR index and nephrolithiasis data. The research utilized subgroup analyses and weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the independent association between the PHR and the susceptibility to nephrolithiasis. Results The study comprised 30,899 participants with an average PHR value of 19.30 ± 0.11. The overall prevalence rate of nephrolithiasis was estimated at 9.98% with an increase in the higher PHR tertiles (T1, 8.49%; T2, 10.11%; T3, 11.38%, P < 0.0001). An elevated PHR level was closely linked with a higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis. Compared with patients in T1, and after adjusting for potential confounders in model 2, the corresponding odds ratio for nephrolithiasis in T3 was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.06 to 2.08), with a P-value = 0.02. The results of the interaction tests revealed a significant impact of chronic kidney disease on the relationship between PHR and nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline analyses exhibited a positive, non-linear correlation between PHR and the risk of nephrolithiasis. Conclusion A convenient biomarker, the PHR, was independently associated with nephrolithiasis and could be a novel biomarker in predicting occurrence in clinical decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ni
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Wu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Wu W, Amier Y, Li X, Wan W, Xun Y, Yu X. Ferroptosis and its emerging role in kidney stone formation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:314. [PMID: 38376557 PMCID: PMC10879253 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Kidney stone is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology, and its pathogenesis is associated with various factors. However, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Ferroptosis describes a form of regulated cell death that is driven by unrestricted lipid peroxidation, which does not require the activation of caspase and can be suppressed by iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in kidney stone formation. An increasing number of studies have shown that calcium oxalate, urate, phosphate, and selenium deficiency induce ferroptosis and promote kidney stone formation through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. We also offered a new direction for the downstream mechanism of ferroptosis in kidney stone formation based on the "death wave" phenomenon. We reviewed the emerging role of ferroptosis in kidney stone formation and provided new ideas for the future treatment and prevention of kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weisong Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yirixiatijiang Amier
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianmiao Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Wan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liberalization Ave, No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liberalization Ave, No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paz DC, Gunther AC, Higham MC, Stephenson LG, Laporta AJ, Gubler KD, Ryznar RJ. Exploring the relationship of supernumerary recurrent renal calculi formation and tick-borne infections: a case report. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1194307. [PMID: 38343886 PMCID: PMC10853403 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1194307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old male with a history of Cacchi-Ricci disease and long-standing infection with various species of Borrelia, Babesia, and Bartonella presented with recurrent symptoms of right-sided flank pain. Numerous renal calculi were identified on imaging. The etiology of the calculi had not been previously elucidated. Symptoms intermittently date back to 2002 when uric acid stones were identified. Subsequent calculi analysis revealed calcium oxalate stones. Despite the commonality of nephrolithiasis in patients with Cacchi-Ricci disease, the extreme number of calculi and recurrent presentation of symptoms persisted despite a plethora of medical evaluations, dietary changes, and hereditary testing. This case raises questions of etiology including possible immune deficiency and whether his uncommon microbial history contributes to recurrent stone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean C. Paz
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Abigael C. Gunther
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Michael C. Higham
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT, United States
| | - Lynne G. Stephenson
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Anthony J. Laporta
- Department of Military Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - K. Dean Gubler
- Department of Military Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Ryznar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lasota A, Wasilewska A, Rybi-Szumińska A. Current Status of Protein Biomarkers in Urolithiasis-A Review of the Recent Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7135. [PMID: 38002747 PMCID: PMC10671847 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis is an increasingly common clinical problem worldwide. The formation of stones is a combination of metabolic status, environmental factors, family history and many other aspects. It is important to find new ways to quickly detect and assess urolithiasis because it causes sudden, severe pain and often comes back. One way to do this is by exploring new biomarkers. Current advances in proteomic studies provide a great opportunity for breakthroughs in this field. This study focuses on protein biomarkers and their connection to kidney damage and inflammation during urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lasota
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-297 Bialystok, Poland; (A.W.); (A.R.-S.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oswal M, Varghese R, Zagade T, Dhatrak C, Sharma R, Kumar D. Dietary supplements and medicinal plants in urolithiasis: diet, prevention, and cure. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7148056. [PMID: 37130140 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithiasis has been a major health concern for centuries, primarily owing to the limited treatment options in the physician's armamentarium. However, various studies have underscored a lesser incidence of urolithiasis in cohorts predominantly consuming fruits and vegetables. This article aims to review various dietary plants, medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in the prevention and management of urolithiasis. METHODS To provide context and evidence, relevant publications were identified on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science-Direct using keywords such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal stones, phytochemicals and dietary plants. RESULTS Growing bodies of evidence suggest the incorporation of plant-based foods, medicinal and herbal supplements, and crude drugs containing phytochemicals into the staple diet of people. The anti-urolithiatic activity of these plant bioactives can be attributed to their antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and inhibitory effect on the crystallization, nucleation and crystal aggregation effects. These mechanisms would help alleviate the events and symptoms that aid in the development and progression of renal calculi. In addition, it will also avoid the exacerbation of secondary disorders like inflammation and injury, which can initiate a vicious circle in turn worsening the disease progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results presented in the review demonstrate the promising role of various dietary plants, medicinal and herbal supplements, and phytochemicals in preventing and managing the precipitation of uroliths. However, more conclusive and cogent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to substantiate their safety, efficacy and toxicity profiles in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Oswal
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Tanmay Zagade
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Chetan Dhatrak
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Liu Y, Wang J, Jin X. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department visits for urolithiasis: A time-series study in Wuhan, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1091672. [PMID: 36794071 PMCID: PMC9922887 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have explored the correlation between short-term exposure to air pollution and urinary system diseases, but lack of evidence on the correlation between air pollution and urolithiasis. Methods Daily data of emergency department visits (EDVs), concentrations of six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3) and meteorological variables were collected in Wuhan, China, from 2016 to 2018. And a time-series study was conducted to investigate short-term effects of air pollutants on urolithiasis EDVs. In addition, stratified analyses by season, age and gender were also conducted. Results A total of 7,483 urolithiasis EDVs were included during the study period. A 10-μg/m3 increase of SO2, NO2, PM2.5, CO, PM10, and O3 corresponded to 15.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69%, 30.11%), 1.96% (95% CI: 0.19%, 3.76%), 1.09% (95% CI:-0.24%, 2.43%), 0.14% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.26%), 0.72% (95% CI: 0.02%, 1.43%), and 1.17% (95% CI: 0.40%, 1.94%) increases in daily urolithiasis EDVs. Significant positive correlations were observed between SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 and urolithiasis EDVs. The correlations were mainly among females (especially PM2.5 and CO) and younger people (especially SO2, NO2, and PM10) but the effect of CO was more obvious in elders. Furthermore, the effects of SO2 and CO were stronger in warm seasons, while the effects of NO2 were stronger in cool seasons. Conclusion Our time-series study indicates that short-term exposure to air pollution (especially SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) was positively correlated with EDVs for urolithiasis in Wuhan, China, and the effects varied by season, age and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Xu
- The Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,The Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- The Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- The Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- The Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoqing Jin ✉
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bervinova AV, Palikov VA, Mikhailov ES, Palikova YA, Borozdina NA, Kazakov VA, Rudenko PA, Tukhovskaya EA, Dyachenko IA, Slashcheva GA, Goryacheva NA, Sadovnikova ES, Kravchenko IN, Kalabina EA, Shinelev MV, Wu P, Murashev AN. Efficacy of Ficus tikoua Bur. extract in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model in SD rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974947. [PMID: 36105205 PMCID: PMC9464938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new herbal preparations for the treatment of urolithiasis is an urgent task of medical science. Ficus have attracted the attention of pharmacologists due to a wide range of biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activity. We studied the effectiveness of Ficus tikoua Bur. in SD rats in which urolithiasis was induced by 6 weeks of oral administration of ethylene glycol 0.5% ad libitum instead of drinking water. Administration of the extract of Ficus tikoua Bur., as well as comparative drug Cystone® after modeling of urolithiasis lead to the restoration of diuresis and the concentration of inorganic phosphates starting from the 6th week of the experiment. The use of the Ficus tikoua Bur. extract for 6 weeks, both during the modeling of urolithiasis and during the recovery period, led to the restoration of the percentage of lymphocytes in the blood, content of sodium, chlorine and inorganic phosphates in the blood to the control level. Thus, the extract of Ficus tikoua Bur. seems to be a promising drug for effective treatment of the initial stages of the development of urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arina V. Bervinova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Palikov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny S. Mikhailov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Palikova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Borozdina
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Kazakov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Rudenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- *Correspondence: Elena A. Tukhovskaya,
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Goryacheva
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena S. Sadovnikova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina N. Kravchenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kalabina
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maksim V. Shinelev
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Peng Wu
- Chengdu Sino PharmTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li MT, Liu LL, Zhou Q, Huang LX, Shi YX, Hou JB, Lu HT, Yu B, Chen W, Guo ZY. Phyllanthus Niruri L. Exerts Protective Effects Against the Calcium Oxalate-Induced Renal Injury via Ellgic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891788. [PMID: 36034880 PMCID: PMC9400657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis or kidney stones is a common and frequently occurring renal disease; calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are responsible for 80% of urolithiasis cases. Phyllanthus niruri L. (PN) has been used to treat urolithiasis. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects and molecular mechanism of PN on calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.Methods: Microarray data sets were generated from the calcium oxalate-induced renal injury model of HK-2 cells and potential disease-related targets were identified. Network pharmacology was employed to identify drug-related targets of PN and construct the active ingredient-target network. Finally, the putative therapeutic targets and active ingredients of PN were verified in vitro and in vivo.Results: A total of 20 active ingredients in PN, 2,428 drug-related targets, and 127 disease-related targets were identified. According to network pharmacology analysis, HMGCS1, SQLE, and SCD were identified as predicted therapeutic target and ellagic acid (EA) was identified as the active ingredient by molecular docking analysis. The increased expression of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 due to calcium oxalate-induced renal injury in HK-2 cells was found to be significantly inhibited by EA. Immunohistochemical in mice also showed that the levels of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 were remarkably restored after EA treatment.Conclusion: EA is the active ingredient in PN responsible for its protective effects against CaOx-induced renal injury. SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 are putative therapeutic targets of EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ting Li
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Xi Huang
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shi
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Bin Hou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lu
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Sun Y, Kang J, He Z, Liu Q, Wu J, Li D, Wang X, Tao Z, Guan X, She W, Xu H, Deng Y. Role of ROS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818625. [PMID: 35154136 PMCID: PMC8828488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology; however, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Recent research has shown that renal inflammatory injury as a result of the cell-crystal reaction plays a crucial role in the development of calcium oxalate kidney stones. An increasing amount of research have confirmed that inflammation mediated by the cell-crystal reaction can lead to inflammatory injury of renal cells, promote the intracellular expression of NADPH oxidase, induce extensive production of reactive oxygen species, activate NLRP3 inflammasome, discharge a great number of inflammatory factors, trigger inflammatory cascading reactions, promote the aggregation, nucleation and growth process of calcium salt crystals, and ultimately lead to the development of intrarenal crystals and even stones. The renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)-crystal reaction, macrophage-crystal reaction, calcifying nanoparticles, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy activation, and other regulatory factors and mechanisms are involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Juening Kang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Derong Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiwei Tao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wusheng She
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaoliang Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yue L, Pai Q, Wu X, Zhang J. Smoking and Risk of Urolithiasis: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Public Health 2022; 10:816756. [PMID: 35321192 PMCID: PMC8936389 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.816756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier studies have warned about the effects of smoking on urolithiasis. Some studies have deemed that smoking has a promoting effect on urolithiasis, whereas others have considered that no inevitable association exists between the two. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate whether smoking is associated with urolithiasis risk. Methods To identify publications from related observational studies, we performed a search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception until October 1, 2021. According to the heterogeneity, random-effect model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Five articles were included in the meta-analysis, representing data for 20,402 subjects, of which 1,758 (8.62%) had urolithiasis as defined according to the criteria. Three articles are concerned with analysis between ex-smokers and non-smokers, in which a significant difference was observed (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.48–2.01). Our comparison of current smokers with non-smokers in another meta-analysis of three articles revealed no significant difference between them (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.94–1.23). Finally, we separated subjects into ever-smokers and never-smokers and found a significant difference between the two groups in the analysis of three articles (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.47). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the current results. Conclusion Combined evidence from observational studies demonstrates a significant relation between smoking and urolithiasis. The trend of elevated urolithiasis risk from smoking was found in ever-smokers vs. never-smokers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia Z, Li W, Bian P, Yang L, Liu H, Pan D, Dou Z. Ursolic acid treats renal tubular epithelial cell damage induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5450-5461. [PMID: 34506233 PMCID: PMC8806476 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) has been proved to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether it has a protective impact on kidney damage induced by crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). This work aimed to make clear the potential mechanism of UA protecting COM-induced kidney damage. The results manifested that high- and low-dose UA reduced COM crystals in COM rats' kidney, down-regulated urea, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in rat plasma, declined kidney tissue and HK-2 cell apoptosis, inhibited Bax expression but elevated Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, UA alleviated renal fibrosis in COM rats, repressed α-SMA and collagen I protein expressions in the kidney and COM rats' HK-2 cells, depressed COM-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro via up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, up-regulated SOD levels and reduced MDA levels, down-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in vivo and in vitro via suppressing activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In summary, the results of this study suggest that COM-induced renal injury can be effectively improved via UA, providing powerful data support for the development of effective clinical drugs for renal injury in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Pan Bian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuyang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhongling Dou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar P, Bell A, Mitchell T. Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33645589 DOI: 10.3791/62192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are becoming more prevalent worldwide in adults and children. The most common type of kidney stone is comprised of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Crystalluria occurs when urine becomes supersaturated with minerals (e.g., calcium, oxalate, phosphate) and precedes kidney stone formation. Standard methods to assess crystalluria in stone formers include microscopy, filtration, and centrifugation. However, these methods primarily detect microcrystals and not nanocrystals. Nanocrystals have been suggested to be more harmful to kidney epithelial cells than microcrystals in vitro. Here, we describe the ability of Nanoparticle Tracking analysis (NTA) to detect human urinary nanocrystals. Healthy adults were fed a controlled oxalate diet prior to drinking an oxalate load to stimulate urinary nanocrystals. Urine was collected for 24 hours before and after the oxalate load. Samples were processed and washed with ethanol to purify samples. Urinary nanocrystals were stained with the calcium binding fluorophore, Fluo-4 AM. After staining, the size and count of nanocrystals were determined using NTA. The findings from this study show NTA can efficiently detect nanocrystalluria in healthy adults. These findings suggest NTA could be a valuable early detection method of nanocrystalluria in patients with kidney stone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Andrew Bell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jayachandran M, Yuzhakov SV, Kumar S, Larson NB, Enders FT, Milliner DS, Rule AD, Lieske JC. Specific populations of urinary extracellular vesicles and proteins differentiate type 1 primary hyperoxaluria patients without and with nephrocalcinosis or kidney stones. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:319. [PMID: 33176829 PMCID: PMC7659070 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is associated with nephrocalcinosis (NC) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones (KS). Populations of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) can reflect kidney pathology. The aim of this study was to determine whether urinary EVs carrying specific biomarkers and proteins differ among PH1 patients with NC, KS or with neither disease process. METHODS Mayo Clinic Rare Kidney Stone Consortium bio-banked cell-free urine from male and female PH1 patients without (n = 10) and with NC (n = 6) or KS (n = 9) and an eGFR > 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 were studied. Urinary EVs were quantified by digital flow cytometer and results expressed as EVs/ mg creatinine. Expressions of urinary proteins were measured by customized antibody array and results expressed as relative intensity. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA adjusting for sex, and biomarkers differences were considered statistically significant among groups at a false discovery rate threshold of Q < 0.20. RESULTS Total EVs and EVs from different types of glomerular and renal tubular cells (11/13 markers) were significantly (Q < 0.20) altered among PH1 patients without NC and KS, patients with NC or patients with KS alone. Three cellular adhesion/inflammatory (ICAM-1, MCP-1, and tissue factor) markers carrying EVs were statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. Three renal injury (β2-microglobulin, laminin α5, and NGAL) marker-positive urinary EVs out of 5 marker assayed were statistically (Q < 0.20) different among PH1 patients without and with NC or KS. The number of immune/inflammatory cell-derived (8 different cell markers positive) EVs were statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. EV generation markers (ANO4 and HIP1) and renal calcium/phosphate regulation or calcifying matrixvesicles markers (klotho, PiT1/2) were also statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. Only 13 (CD14, CD40, CFVII, CRP, E-cadherin, EGFR, endoglin, fetuin A, MCP-1, neprilysin, OPN, OPGN, and PDGFRβ) out of 40 proteins were significantly (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients without and with NC or KS. CONCLUSIONS These results imply activation of distinct renal tubular and interstitial cell populations and processes associated with KS and NC, and suggest specific populations of urinary EVs and proteins are potential biomarkers to assess the pathogenic mechanisms between KS versus NC among PH1 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Hematology Research, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stanislav V. Yuzhakov
- Division of Hematology Research, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Felicity T. Enders
- Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Dawn S. Milliner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - John C. Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Li MX, Xu CZ, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Sun R, Hu QY, Zhang SP, Zhang JW, Liang H. Comprehensive study of altered proteomic landscape in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells in response to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. BMC Urol 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32867742 PMCID: PMC7461262 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the major crystalline composition of most kidney stones, induces inflammatory infiltration and injures in renal tubular cells. However, the mechanism of COM-induced toxic effects in renal tubular cells remain ambiguous. The present study aimed to investigate the potential changes in proteomic landscape of proximal renal tubular cells in response to the stimulation of COM crystals. Methods Clinical kidney stone samples were collected and characterized by a stone component analyzer. Three COM-enriched samples were applied to treat human proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2. The proteomic landscape of COM-crystal treated HK-2 cells was screened by TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by pair-wise analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEPs were performed. Protein interaction networks were identified by STRING database. Results The data of TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis showed that a total of 1141 proteins were differentially expressed in HK-2 cells, of which 699 were up-regulated and 442 were down-regulated. Functional characterization by KEGG, along with GO enrichments, suggests that the DEPs are mainly involved in cellular components and cellular processes, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction and focal adhesion. 3 high-degree hub nodes, CFL1, ACTN and MYH9 were identified by STRING analysis. Conclusion These results suggested that calcium oxalate crystal has a significant effect on protein expression profile in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Yi Hu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Yuan P, Sun X, Chen Z. Hydroxycitric Acid Inhibits Renal Calcium Oxalate Deposition by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:527-535. [PMID: 31902360 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200103141116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of hydroxycitric
acid(HCA) for stone formation in the glyoxylate-induced mouse model.
Materials and methods:
Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group,
glyoxylate(GOX) 100 mg/kg group, a GOX+HCA 100 mg/kg group, and a GOX+HCA
200 mg/kg group. Blood samples and kidney samples were collected on the eighth day
of the experiment. We used Pizzolato staining and a polarized light microscope to
examine crystal formation and evaluated oxidative stress via the levels of
malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px). Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was
used to detect the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), nuclear
factor-kappa B (NF κ B), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger RNA
(mRNA). The expression of osteopontin (OPN) and a cluster of differentiation-44(CD44)
were detected by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. In addition, periodic acid Schiff
(PAS) staining and TUNEL assay were used to evaluate renal tubular injury and
apoptosis.
Results:
HCA treatment could reduce markers of renal impairment (Blood Urea
Nitrogen and serum creatinine). There was significantly less calcium oxalate crystal
deposition in mice treated with HCA. Calcium oxalate crystals induced the production of
reactive oxygen species and reduced the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. HCA
attenuated oxidative stress induced by calcium oxalate crystallization. HCA had
inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate-induced inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, IL-
1 β, and IL-6. In addition, HCA alleviated tubular injury and apoptosis caused by calcium
oxalate crystals.
Conclusion:
HCA inhibits renal injury and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the
glyoxylate-induced mouse model through antioxidation and anti-inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar P, Patel M, Thomas V, Knight J, Holmes RP, Mitchell T. Dietary Oxalate Induces Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1040-1051. [PMID: 32647761 PMCID: PMC7335953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crystalluria is thought to be associated with kidney stone formation and can occur when urine becomes supersaturated with calcium, oxalate, and phosphate. The principal method used to identify urinary crystals is microscopy, with or without a polarized light source. This method can detect crystals above 1 μm in diameter (microcrystals). However, analyses of calcium oxalate kidney stones have indicated that crystallite components in these calculi are 50–100 nm in diameter. Recent studies have suggested that nanocrystals (<200 nm) elicit more injury to renal cells compared to microcrystals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (i) urinary nanocrystals can be detected and quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA, a high-resolution imaging technology), (ii) early-void urine samples from healthy subjects contain calcium nanocrystals, and (iii) a dietary oxalate load increases urinary nanocrystal formation. Methods Healthy subjects consumed a controlled low-oxalate diet for 3 days before a dietary oxalate load. Urinary crystals were isolated by centrifugation and assessed using NTA before and 5 hours after the oxalate load. The morphology and chemical composition of crystals was assessed using electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC–MS). Results Urinary calcium oxalate nanocrystals were detected in pre-load samples and increased substantially following the oxalate load. Conclusion These findings indicate that NTA can quantify urinary nanocrystals and that meals rich in oxalate can promote nanocrystalluria. NTA should provide valuable insight about the role of nanocrystals in kidney stone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mikita Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ross P Holmes
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Albert A, Paul E, Rajakumar S, Saso L. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic stress in calcium oxalate stone disease: the chicken or the egg? Free Radic Res 2020; 54:244-253. [PMID: 32292073 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1751835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crystal modulators play a significant role in the formation of calcium oxalate stone disease. When renal cells are subjected to oxalate stress, the loss in cell integrity leads to exposure of multiple proteins that assist and/or inhibit crystal attachment and retention. Contact between oxalate and calcium oxalate with urothelium proves fatal to cells as a result of reactive oxygen species generation and onset of oxidative stress. Hence, as a therapeutic strategy it was hypothesised that supplementation of antioxidants would suffice. On the contrary to popular belief, the detection of oxalate induced endoplasmic reticulum mediated apoptosis proved the ineffectiveness of antioxidant therapy alone. Thus, the inadequacy of antioxidant supplementation in oxalate stress invoked the presence of an alternative pathway for the induction of kidney fibrosis in hyperoxaluric rats. In addition to settling this query, the link between oxidative stress and ER stress is not well understood, especially in urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eldho Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Group of Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, 315, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Busso CS, Guidry JJ, Gonzalez JJ, Zorba V, Son LS, Winsauer PJ, Walvekar RR. A comprehensive analysis of sialolith proteins and the clinical implications. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32265614 PMCID: PMC7110646 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialolithiasis or salivary gland stones are associated with high clinical morbidity. The advances in the treatment of sialolithiasis has been limited, however, by our understanding of their composition. More specifically, there is little information regarding the formation and composition of the protein matrix, the role of mineralogical deposition, or the contributions of cell epithelium and secretions from the salivary glands. A better understanding of these stone characteristics could pave the way for future non-invasive treatment strategies. METHODS Twenty-nine high-quality ductal stone samples were analyzed. The preparation included successive washings to avoid contamination from saliva and blood. The sialoliths were macerated in liquid nitrogen and the maceration was subjected to a sequential, four-step, protein extraction. The four fractions were pooled together, and a standardized aliquot was subjected to tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). The data output was subjected to a basic descriptive statistical analysis for parametric confirmation and a subsequent G.O.-KEGG data base functional analysis and classification for biological interpretation. RESULTS The LC-MS output detected 6934 proteins, 824 of which were unique for individual stones. An example of our sialolith protein data is available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD012422. More important, the sialoliths averaged 53% homology with bone-forming proteins that served as a standard comparison, which favorably compared with 62% homology identified among all sialolith sample proteins. The non-homologous protein fraction had a highly variable protein identity. The G.O.-KEGG functional analysis indicated that extracellular exosomes are a primary cellular component in sialolithiasis. Light and electron microscopy also confirmed the presence of exosomal-like features and the presence of intracellular microcrystals. CONCLUSION Sialolith formation presents similarities with the hyperoxaluria that forms kidney stones, which suggests the possibility of a common origin. Further verification of a common origin could fundamentally change the way in which lithiasis is studied and treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S. Busso
- Department of Otolaryngology and Bio-communication, Louisiana State University Medical School Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. Suite 566, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jessie J. Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and The LSUHSC Proteomics Facility Core, Louisiana State University Medical School Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. Suite 331, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jhanis J. Gonzalez
- Laser Technologies Group Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 70R0108B, University of California Berkeley, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Applied Spectra, Inc, 950 Riverside Parkway, West Sacramento, CA 95605 USA
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- Laser Technologies Group Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 70R0108B, University of California Berkeley, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Leslie S. Son
- Department of Academic Affairs, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, 7777 Hennessy Blvd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA
| | - Peter J. Winsauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Rohan R. Walvekar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical School Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. Suite 566, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thongboonkerd V. Roles for Exosome in Various Kidney Diseases and Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1655. [PMID: 32082158 PMCID: PMC7005210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome is a nanoscale vesicle with a size range of 30–100 nm. It is secreted from cell to extracellular space by exocytosis after fusion of multivesicular body (MVB) (formed by endocytic vesicles) with plasma membrane. Exosome plays several important roles in cellular homeostasis and intercellular communications. During the last two decades, exosome has acquired a wide attention to explore its additional roles in various aspects of cell biology and function in several organ systems. For the kidney, several lines of evidence have demonstrated 1that exosome is involved in the renal physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of various kidney diseases/disorders. This article summarizes roles of the exosome as the potential source of biomarkers, pathogenic molecules, and therapeutic biologics that have been extensively investigated in many kidney diseases/disorders, including lupus nephritis (LN), other glomerular diseases, acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), as well as in the process of renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, in addition to polycystic kidney disease (PKD), kidney transplantation, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Moreover, the most recent evidence has shown its emerging role in kidney stone disease (or nephrolithiasis), involving inflammasome activation and inflammatory cascade frequently found in kidney stone pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gorvin CM, Loh NY, Stechman MJ, Falcone S, Hannan FM, Ahmad BN, Piret SE, Reed AA, Jeyabalan J, Leo P, Marshall M, Sethi S, Bass P, Roberts I, Sanderson J, Wells S, Hough TA, Bentley L, Christie PT, Simon MM, Mallon AM, Schulz H, Cox RD, Brown MA, Huebner N, Brown SD, Thakker RV. Mice with a Brd4 Mutation Represent a New Model of Nephrocalcinosis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1324-1335. [PMID: 30830987 PMCID: PMC6658219 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis (NL) and nephrocalcinosis (NC), which comprise renal calcification of the collecting system and parenchyma, respectively, have a multifactorial etiology with environmental and genetic determinants and affect ∼10% of adults by age 70 years. Studies of families with hereditary NL and NC have identified >30 causative genes that have increased our understanding of extracellular calcium homeostasis and renal tubular transport of calcium. However, these account for <20% of the likely genes that are involved, and to identify novel genes for renal calcification disorders, we investigated 1745 12-month-old progeny from a male mouse that had been treated with the chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) for radiological renal opacities. This identified a male mouse with renal calcification that was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with >80% penetrance in 152 progeny. The calcification consisted of calcium phosphate deposits in the renal papillae and was associated with the presence of the urinary macromolecules osteopontin and Tamm-Horsfall protein, which are features found in Randall's plaques of patients with NC. Genome-wide mapping located the disease locus to a ∼30 Mbp region on chromosome 17A3.3-B3 and whole-exome sequence analysis identified a heterozygous mutation, resulting in a missense substitution (Met149Thr, M149T), in the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). The mutant heterozygous (Brd4+/M149T ) mice, when compared with wild-type (Brd4+/+ ) mice, were normocalcemic and normophosphatemic, with normal urinary excretions of calcium and phosphate, and had normal bone turnover markers. BRD4 plays a critical role in histone modification and gene transcription, and cDNA expression profiling, using kidneys from Brd4+/M149T and Brd4+/+ mice, revealed differential expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Kidneys from Brd4+/M149T mice also had increased apoptosis at sites of calcification within the renal papillae. Thus, our studies have established a mouse model, due to a Brd4 Met149Thr mutation, for inherited NC. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Stechman
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Falcone
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bushra N Ahmad
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sian E Piret
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anita Ac Reed
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeshmi Jeyabalan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mhairi Marshall
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sethi
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Paul Bass
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Roberts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Tertius A Hough
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Liz Bentley
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Paul T Christie
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle M Simon
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger D Cox
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Steve D Brown
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Unno R, Kawabata T, Taguchi K, Sugino T, Hamamoto S, Ando R, Okada A, Kohri K, Yoshimori T, Yasui T. Deregulated MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) is responsible for autophagy defects exacerbating kidney stone development. Autophagy 2019; 16:709-723. [PMID: 31257986 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a lifestyle-related disease prevalent in developed countries; however, effective medical treatment for the disease is not yet well established. As cellular damage in renal tubular cells (RTCs) is responsible for the disease, here, we focused on the role of macroautophagy/autophagy in RTCs. We found that autophagic activity was significantly decreased in mouse RTCs exposed to calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate crystals and in the kidneys of GFP-conjugated MAP1LC3B (microtubule- associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) transgenic mice with CaOx nephrocalcinosis induced by glyoxylate. This caused accumulation of damaged intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, the normal functioning of which is mediated by functional autophagy. An impairment of autophagy was also observed in the mucosa with plaques of CaOx kidney stone formers. We determined that the decrease in autophagy was caused by an upregulation of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), which consequently resulted in the suppression of the upstream autophagy regulator TFEB (transcription factor EB). Furthermore, we showed that an MTOR inhibitor could recover a decrease in autophagy and alleviate crystal-cell interactions and the formation of crystals associated with increased inflammatory responses. Taken together, we conclude that autophagy compromised by MTOR deregulation is a fundamental feature in the pathology of kidney stone formation, and propose that chemical inhibition of MTOR could be a prospective strategy for disease suppression.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; CaOx: calcium oxalate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COM: calcium oxalate monohydrate; LGALS3/galectin-3: lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GOX: glyoxylate; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAPLC3B: microtubule- associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RTC: renal tubular cell; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; tfLC3: tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Unno
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sugino
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Bellis R, Piacentini MP, Meli MA, Mattioli M, Menotta M, Mari M, Valentini L, Palomba L, Desideri D, Chiarantini L. In vitro effects on calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology of an aqueous extract from Ceterach officinarum: Analysis of a potential antilithiatic mechanism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218734. [PMID: 31238335 PMCID: PMC6592703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceterach officinarum Willd is a plant widespread throughout Europe and used in southern Italy as a diuretic. Beliefs in the benefits of C. officinarum aqueous extract in the treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stones are widely held. Little is known, however, about the actual mechanism of its antilithiatic action. Our results in this in vitro study corroborate C. officinarum aqueous extract as a good source of antioxidants with a high antioxidant effects. Our results also demonstrate a major impact of C. officinarum aqueous extract on in vitro induced calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology, showing its critical role in kidney stone formation and/or elimination. We show that progressively increasing doses of C. officinarum aqueous extract cause a sequence of effects. A powerful inhibitory action on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) growth and aggregation is first observed. C. officinarum aqueous extract also appears highly effective in stimulating nucleation increasing the number and reducing the size of COM crystals, which become progressively thinner, rounded and concave in a dose-dependent manner. These shape-modified COM crystals are known to be less adherent to renal tubular cells and more easily excreted through the urinary tract preventing kidney stone formation. Further, C. officinarum aqueous extract promotes the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) rather than the monohydrate so that, at the highest concentrations used, only COD crystals are observed, in significant greater numbers with a clear reduction in their size, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AFM analyses allowed us to reveal the presence of C. officinarum component(s) on the surfaces of COD and modified COM crystals. The crystal surface adsorbed component(s) are shown to be similarly active as the total aqueous extract, suggesting a trigger factor which may direct crystal modification towards COD forms. In urolithiasis pathogenesis COD crystals are less dangerous than the COM forms due to their lower affinity for renal tubular cells. Our results are important in understanding the mechanisms which guide the modification induced by C. officinarum on the crystallization process. Based on these data, together with no adverse toxic effect being observed on the in vitro model of human intestinal enterocytes, C. officinarum aqueous extract could represent an attractive natural therapy for the treatment of urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maria Assunta Meli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Mattioli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Laura Valentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Donatella Desideri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Laura Chiarantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stanković A, Šafranko S, Kontrec J, Njegić Džakula B, Lyons DM, Marković B, Kralj D. Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201800210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Stanković
- Department of Chemistry; University of Osijek; Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Silvija Šafranko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Osijek; Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Jasminka Kontrec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Daniel M. Lyons
- Center for Marine Research; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Giordano Paliage 5 52210 Rovinj Croatia
| | - Berislav Marković
- Department of Chemistry; University of Osijek; Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Damir Kralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu H, Ding J, Liu W, Peng Z, Chen W, Sun X, Guo Z. UPLC/MS-Based Metabolomics Investigation of the Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Mice with Calcium Oxalate-Induced Renal Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1652-1658. [PMID: 30381664 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen has a significant protective effect on calcium oxalate-induced renal injury, but its effect on metabolic profiles is unknown. This study showed the effects of hydrogen on serum and urine metabolites in a renal injury model. Ultra-HPLC quadrupole time-of-flight-MS-based metabolomics was used to characterise metabolic variations. Twenty-five serum metabolites and 14 urine metabolites showed differences in the the nitrogen and oxygen inhalation (NO), nitrogen and oxygen inhalation combined with calcium oxalate induction (CaOx), and hydrogen inhalation combined with calcium oxalate induction (HO+CaOx) groups. Nineteen serum metabolites and 7 urine metabolites showed significant restoration to normal levels after hydrogen gas (H2) treatment. These metabolites are primarily related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. This study showed that a comprehensive metabolomics approach is an effective strategy to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of hydrogen treatment on calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University.,Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University
| | - Jiarong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - Zhongjiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Naval Medical University
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mitchell T, Kumar P, Reddy T, Wood KD, Knight J, Assimos DG, Holmes RP. Dietary oxalate and kidney stone formation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F409-F413. [PMID: 30566003 PMCID: PMC6459305 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oxalate is plant-derived and may be a component of vegetables, nuts, fruits, and grains. In normal individuals, approximately half of urinary oxalate is derived from the diet and half from endogenous synthesis. The amount of oxalate excreted in urine plays an important role in calcium oxalate stone formation. Large epidemiological cohort studies have demonstrated that urinary oxalate excretion is a continuous variable when indexed to stone risk. Thus, individuals with oxalate excretions >25 mg/day may benefit from a reduction of urinary oxalate output. The 24-h urine assessment may miss periods of transient surges in urinary oxalate excretion, which may promote stone growth and is a limitation of this analysis. In this review we describe the impact of dietary oxalate and its contribution to stone growth. To limit calcium oxalate stone growth, we advocate that patients maintain appropriate hydration, avoid oxalate-rich foods, and consume an adequate amount of calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Thanmaya Reddy
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kyle D Wood
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dean G Assimos
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ross P Holmes
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ergul AB, Kara M, Karakukcu C, Tasdemir A, Aslaner H, Ergul MA, Muhtaroglu S, Zararsiz GE, Torun YA. High Doses of Boron Have No Protective Effect Against Nephrolithiasis or Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 29520723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron plays roles in the metabolism of calcium, vitamin D, steroid hormones, healthy bone development, and maintenance of cell membranes. The biological effects of boron are dose-dependent but follow a U-shaped pattern, rendering it important to define the active range. The studies of Bahadoran et al. on rats and Naghii et al. on humans showed that low doses of boron (3 and 10 mg/day) prevented kidney stone formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether high doses of boron have an anti-urolithiatic or antioxidant effect on nephrolithiasis in an experimental rat model. The study was conducted on 50 adult male Wistar rats randomized to five groups. Nephrolithiasis was induced with water containing 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 2% ammonium chloride (AC). This treatment was given to animals in all groups for 10 days, except the positive and negative controls. Simultaneously, groups 2, 3, and 4 were given boric acid via gavage at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 4/8/16 mg boron respectively) as the source of boron. Animals in the negative and positive control groups were given 6 μL/g distilled water without boric acid. At day 10, intra-cardiac blood samples were drawn from all animals. The right and left kidneys were removed for biochemical and histopathological examinations, respectively. The groups were compared with respect to serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), serum paraoxonase (PON1) activity, tissue calcium and oxalate levels, and stone burden as determined by histopathological examination. Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum calcium and phosphorous levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), in animals given EG/AC compared to negative controls. No significant differences were detected in serum calcium, phosphorous, urea, or creatinine levels between animals treated with boron and positive controls (p > 0.05). Serum PON1 activity was significantly lower in animals given EG/AC than in negative controls (p < 0.001), while no significant difference in serum PON1 level was detected between rats treated with boron and positive controls. No significant differences were detected in vitamin D, TAS, TOS, tissue calcium, or tissue oxalate levels among groups. No stone formation was detected on histopathological examination in negative controls. No significant differences were found in stone formation between rats treated with boron and positive controls. Based on this study, high doses of boron had no protective effect against nephrolithiasis and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Betul Ergul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tasdemir
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aslaner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergul
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Muhtaroglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gozde Erturk Zararsiz
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Altuner Torun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Downregulated Expression of Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 6 in NRK-52E Cells Attenuates Oxalate-Induced Intracellular Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1724648. [PMID: 30405874 PMCID: PMC6199878 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1724648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (Slc26a6), which is mainly expressed in the intestines and kidneys, is a multifunctional anion transporter that is crucial in the transport of oxalate anions. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Slc26a6 expression on oxalate-induced cell oxidation and crystal formation. Lentivirus transfection was used to upregulate or downregulate Slc26a6 expression in NRK cells. Cell viability and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Crystal adhesion and the cell ultrastructure were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three groups of rats, normal control, lentivirus-vector, and lentivirus-small interfering RNA (lv-siRNA) groups, were used, and after lentivirus transfection, they were fed 1% ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.5% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) for 2 weeks. Dihydroethidium (DHE), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and von Kossa staining were performed, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and osteopontin (OPN) expression were measured. In the vitro study, compared to the control group, downregulated Slc26a6 NRK cells showed alleviation of the cell viability decrease, cell apoptosis rate, ROS generation, and SOD activity decrease after oxalate treatment. Crystal adhesion and vesicles were significantly less after oxalate exposure than in the untreated controls. Rats infected with lentivirus-siRNA exhibited attenuated SOD generation, cell apoptosis, and crystal formation in the kidneys. Increased phosphorylation of NFκB and OPN was involved in the pathological process. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that reducing the expression of Slc26a6 in the kidney may be a potential strategy for preventing stone formation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cu-bearing stainless steel reduces cytotoxicity and crystals adhesion after ureteral epithelial cells exposing to calcium oxalate monohydrate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14094. [PMID: 30237503 PMCID: PMC6148291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), which is the main component of encrustation, may result in cell membrane injury. In addition, cellular damage is suggested to be the primary event attributing to COM crystal binding. To study the interaction between cells and crystals after incubating with a Cu-bearing stainless steel (316L-Cu SS), MTS and flow cytometric analyses were used to assess the cellular responses. The results confirmed that 316L-Cu SS could inhibit cytotoxicity and cellular apoptosis of ureteral epithelial cells (UECs) after COM treatment. Furthermore, molecular expressions of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), which were evaluated by western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), indicated that 316L-Cu SS could inhibit the oxidative stress attributing to up-regulating of CuZnSOD. Moreover, the crystal adhesion cytokine CD44 was examined with western blot and qPCR, and the corresponding hyaluronic (HA) secreted into the medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All results were confirmed that the expressions of cells cultured with 316L-Cu SS were down-regulated, demonstrating the inhibitory performance of 316L-Cu SS against crystal adhesion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mittal A, Tandon S, Singla SK, Tandon C. Modulation of lithiatic injury to renal epithelial cells by aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Lee JA, Abramowitz MK, Kipperman N, Drzewiecki BA, Melamed ML, Stern JM. Exploring the Association of Asthma with Urinary Stone Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 6:354-360. [PMID: 30097392 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) and asthma is rising and has recently been associated in a pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between asthma and USD in a nationally representative adult population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014, a US population-based cross-sectional study. A history of asthma and USD was obtained by self-report to questionnaires. USD severity was represented by graded stratification into non-stone formers, single stone formers, and recurrent stone formers (>2 stones). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Odds ratios (ORs) for asthma were calculated for respondents with USD and separately for the graded USD groups. Survey-weighted logistic regression models included adjustments for demographics (model A), medical information (model B), and for relevant medications (model C). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 20 906 participants aged ≥20 yr were included in the analysis. Of these, 9.2% reported of having a history of kidney stones. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, medical conditions, and medications showed that stone formers had significantly increased odds of asthma (odds ratio=1.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.47; p=0.023). Separate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a graded association between single and recurrent stone formers and the odds of having asthma (p=0.01), which remained significant in the 20-50-yr-old population and the diabetic population, especially for recurrent stone formers. Causal relationships were limited by cross-sectional nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS Increasing severity of USD is associated with an increase in odds for asthma among American adults, providing impetus for future studies into the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we looked at self-reported histories of asthma and urinary stone disease (USD) using information from a large US population. We found that asthma was associated with USD; however, further studies are needed to elucidate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Lee
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Naama Kipperman
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Beth A Drzewiecki
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joshua M Stern
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang H, Pokhrel G, Chen Y, Wang T, Yin C, Liu J, Wang S, Liu Z. High expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may contribute to renal calcification via an SLC26A6-dependent mechanism. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5192. [PMID: 30002986 PMCID: PMC6034601 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute-linked carrier 26 gene family 6 (SLC26A6), which is mainly expressed in intestines and kidneys, is a multifunctional anion transporter crucial in the transport of oxalate anions. This study aimed to investigate the role of kidney SLC26A6 in urolithiasis. Methods Patients were divided into two groups: stone formers and nonstone formers. Samples were collected from patients following nephrectomy. Lentivirus with Slc26a6 (lentivirus-Slc26a6) sequence and lentivirus with siRNA-Slc26a6 (lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6) sequence were transfected into rats’ kidneys respectively and Slc26a6 expression was detected using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. After administering ethylene glycol, oxalate concentration and prevalence of stone formation between the transgenic and control groups were measured using 24-h urine analysis and Von Kossa staining, respectively. Results Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that stone formers had a significantly higher level of expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney compared with the control group. After lentivirus infection, the urinary oxalate concentration and rate of stone formation in lentivirus-Slc26a6-tranfected rats increased remarkably, while lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6-transfected rats showed few crystals. Conclusion The results showed that high expression levels of renal SLC26A6 may account for kidney stone formation. Downregulating the expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaurab Pokhrel
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunping Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Goyal PK, Verma SK, Sharma AK. Optimization of extraction protocol of Parmelia perlata and its validation for protective effects against oxalate-induced renal injury in NRK-52E cells. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Duan X, Kong Z, Mai X, Lan Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Deng T, Zeng T, Cai C, Li S, Zhong W, Wu W, Zeng G. Autophagy inhibition attenuates hyperoxaluria-induced renal tubular oxidative injury and calcium oxalate crystal depositions in the rat kidney. Redox Biol 2018; 16:414-425. [PMID: 29653411 PMCID: PMC5953241 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative injury of renal tubular epithelial cell is a casual and essential factor in kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Autophagy has been shown to be critical for the regulation of oxidative stress-induced renal tubular injury; however, little is known about its role in kidney CaOx stone formation. In the present study, we found that the autophagy antagonist chloroquine could significantly attenuate oxalate-induced autophagy activation, oxidative injury and mitochondrial damage of renal tubular cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as hyperoxaluria-induced CaOx crystals depositions in rat kidney, whereas the autophagy agonist rapamycin exerted contrasting effects. In addition, oxalate-induced p38 phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment but was markedly enhanced by rapamycin pretreatment, whereas the protective effect of chloroquine on rat renal tubular cell oxidative injury was partly reversed by a p38 protein kinase activator anisomycin. Furthermore, the knockdown of Beclin1 represented similar effects to chloroquine on oxalate-induced cell oxidative injury and p38 phosphorylation in vitro. Taken together, our results revealed that autophagy inhibition could attenuate oxalate-induced oxidative injury of renal tubular cell and CaOx crystal depositions in the rat kidney via, at least in part, inhibiting the activation of p38 signaling pathway, thus representing a novel role of autophagy in the regulation of oxalate-induced renal oxidative injury and CaOx crystal depositions for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhenzhen Kong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Xin Mai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khan A. Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:799-806. [PMID: 29569213 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of urinary stone, urolithiasis, is one the oldest known disease affecting human throughout different civilizations and times. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis is not yet clear, as these calculi are of various types and too complex for simple understanding. A single theory cannot explain its formation; therefore, different theories are presented in various times for its explanation like free particle, fixed particle, Randall's plaque theory. In addition, various factors and components are identified that play an important role in the formation of these urinary calculi. In this review, composition of kidney stones, its prevalence/incidence, explanation of pathophysiological mechanisms and role of various factors; urinary pH, uric acid, parathyroid hormone, citrate, oxalate, calcium and macromolecules; osteopontin, matrix Gla protein, kidney injury molecules, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, Tamm-Horsfall protein, inter-α-inhibitors, have been discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Khan
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions-(COSHP-J), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code: 6666, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun AY, Hinck B, Cohen BR, Keslar K, Fairchild RL, Monga M. Inflammatory Cytokines in the Papillary Tips and Urine of Nephrolithiasis Patients. J Endourol 2018; 32:236-244. [PMID: 29338314 DOI: 10.1089/end.2017.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrarenal inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, with prior work showing increased urine levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL-2 in stone patients. However, no studies have assessed for inflammation in the renal papillae. We sought to characterize novel papillary tip and urinary biomarkers in stone patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy were enrolled. Papillary tip biopsies, kidney urine, and bladder urine were collected, as well as voided urine from eight healthy volunteers. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure inflammatory gene expression. RESULTS Initial 84-gene polymerase chain reaction array revealed significant elevation of several cytokines in stone patients vs controls (fold change 2.3-694). Twenty-four genes were selected for final analysis. In 41 pairs of urine samples, levels of CCL5, CD40, FasL, RIPK2, SELE, TLR3, and IL-15 were significantly elevated in kidney vs bladder urine (p0.0001-0.04). In 23 triplets of samples, expression of these cytokines plus CCL2, CCL7, CCR2, CSF1, CXCL9, and CXCL10, was significantly greater in papillary tips vs urine samples (p0.001-0.05). Cytokine elevation was independent of maximum postoperative heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, leukocyte count, urinary tract infection in the past year, presence or absence of antibiotics at the time of surgery, and stone composition (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Expression of CCL-2, CCL-5, CCL-7, CCR-2, CD40, CSF1, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, Fas-L, RIPK2, SELE, and TLR-3 is markedly elevated in the papillary tips, kidney urine, and bladder urine of nephrolithiasis patients. Cytokine elevation was independent of signs of systemic inflammation. These findings further support the role of inflammation in nephrolithiasis and imply that the inflammatory process likely begins at the renal papillae. These may represent novel biomarkers of stone disease, which may be useful in basic nephrolithiasis research, disease diagnosis, and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Sun
- 1 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bryan Hinck
- 1 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin R Cohen
- 1 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karen Keslar
- 2 Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Manoj Monga
- 1 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lin H, Zhu X, Long J, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liao M, Chen J, Tian J, Huang S, Tang R, Xian X, Wei S, Wang Q, Mo Z. HIPK2 polymorphisms rs2058265, rs6464214, and rs7456421 were associated with kidney stone disease in Chinese males not females. Gene 2018; 653:51-56. [PMID: 29428801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent studies have shown that genetic factors are involved in the development of kidney stone disease (KSD). A case-control association analysis was performed to investigate the association between homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2; OMIM *606868) polymorphisms and KSD. METHODS A total of 890 KSD patients and 920 healthy subjects were analyzed. Polymorphisms were genotyped using SNPscanTM high-throughput SNP classification technology. The genotypic and allelic frequencies in KSD patients and healthy individuals were analyzed using a Chi-square test. RESULTS The genotype and allele distributions of the three polymorphisms (rs2058265, rs6464214, and rs7456421 in HIPK2) displayed strong associations with KSD in males (rs2058265: odds ratio [OR] 2.480,95%confidence interval [CI] 1.205-5.106, p = 0.014; rs6464214: OR 2.466, 95%CI 1.198-5.078, p = 0.014; rs7456421: OR 2.846, 95%CI 1.362-5.947, p = 0.005; perallele: r2058265T, OR 1.357, 95%CI 1.073-1.715, p = 0.011; rs6464214G, OR 1.340, 95%CI 1.060-1.693, p = 0.014; rs7456421C, OR 1.356, 95%CI 1.073-1.713, p = 0.011). Patients carrying the T allele of rs2058265, the G allele of rs6464214, or the C allele of rs7456421 showed higher systolic blood pressure, creatinine, and uric acid levels compared with wild-genotype individuals after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION The association of HIPK2 gene polymorphisms with KSD was only observed in males but not in females. HIPK2 gene polymorphisms were also involved in the changes of KSD-related metabolic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Jun Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Yuanliang Xie
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Department of Urology, Guangxi Medical University Kaiyuan Langdong Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiarong Tian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Ruiqiang Tang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Xiaoying Xian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Department of Paediatrics, The Maternal & Child Health Hospital, The Children's Hospital, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Suchun Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huguet L, Le Dudal M, Livrozet M, Bazin D, Frochot V, Perez J, Haymann JP, Brocheriou I, Daudon M, Letavernier E. High frequency and wide range of human kidney papillary crystalline plugs. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:333-341. [PMID: 29234857 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most of kidney stones are supposed to originate from Randall's plaque at the tip of the papilla or from papillary tubular plugs. Nevertheless, the frequency and the composition of crystalline plugs remain only partly described. The objective was to assess the frequency, the composition and the topography of papillary plugs in human kidneys. A total of 76 papillae from 25 kidneys removed for cancer and without stones were analysed by immunohistochemistry combined with Yasue staining, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared micro-spectroscopy. Papillary tubular plugs have been observed by Yasue staining in 23/25 patients (92%) and 52/76 papillae (68%). Most of these plugs were made of calcium phosphate, mainly carbonated apatite and amorphous calcium phosphate, and rarely octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate. Calcium and magnesium phosphate (whitlockite) have also been observed. Based upon immunostaining coupled to Yasue coloration, most of calcium phosphate plugs were located in the deepest part of the loop of Henle. Calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate tubular plugs were less frequent and stood in collecting ducts. At last, we observed calcium phosphate plugs deforming and sometimes breaking adjacent collecting ducts. Papillary tubular plugging, which may be considered as a potential first step toward kidney stone formation, is a very frequent setting, even in kidneys of non-stone formers. The variety in their composition and the distal precipitation of calcium oxalate suggest that plugs may occur in various conditions of urine supersaturation. Plugs were sometimes associated with collecting duct deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Huguet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Marine Le Dudal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Marine Livrozet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC, Collège de France, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Joëlle Perez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,Physiology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 75020, Paris, France
| | | | - Michel Daudon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France.,Physiology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France. .,INSERM, UMR S 1155, 75020, Paris, France. .,Physiology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 75020, Paris, France. .,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Hôpital TENON, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goyal PK, Verma SK, Sharma AK. Antiurolithiatic Potential of Neeri against Calcium-Oxalate Stones by Crystallization Inhibition, Free Radicals Scavenging, and NRK-52E Cell Protection from Oxalate Injury. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S549-S554. [PMID: 29142413 PMCID: PMC5669096 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_551_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neeri is a well-established polyherbal formulation prescribed for renal stones by the physicians but has not been experimentally evaluated for its antiurolithiatic potential using cell-lines. Objective This study is aimed to scientifically substantiate the antiurolithiatic effect of Neeri extract (NRE) through calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization inhibition, scavenging of free radicals, and protection of renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells from oxalate-induced injury. Materials and Methods The crystallization inhibition was studied by turbidimetric assay while the free radical scavenging potential was determined for superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. The cytoprotective effect against oxalate-induced injury was assessed by estimating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and determining cell viability using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results NRE significantly inhibited the CaOx crystallization in a concentration-dependent manner and also scavenged superoxide (IC50 302.88 μg/ml) and NO (IC50 300.45 μg/ml) free radicals. It did not show any significant cytotoxicity for NRK-52E cells till the highest dose (500 μg/ml) and found to be safe. When NRK-52E cells, injured by exposing to oxalate crystals for 24 h, were treated with NRE, it appreciably prevented the cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly decreased the elevated LDH leakage toward normal range and improved renal cell viability (82.37% ± 0.87%), hence, prevented growth and retention of crystals. Conclusion The experimental findings concluded that Neeri is a potent antiurolithiatic formulation that inhibited CaOx crystallization and prevented tubular retention of crystals by protecting the renal cells against oxalate-induced injury as well as reducing the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. SUMMARY Neeri extract significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the in vitro crystallization (88.11% ± 7.70%) of calcium oxalateIt reduced oxidative stress by scavenging superoxide and nitric oxide free radicalsIt significantly (P < 0.001) improved the cell viability by inhibiting the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner. Abbreviations used: Ac: Absorbance of control, At: Absorbance of test, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, CaOx: Calcium oxalate, DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, INT: Iodonitrotetrazolium, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, M: Molar, ml: Milliliter, mM: Millimolar, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NBT: Nitro blue tetrazolium, nm: Nanometer, NO: Nitric oxide, NRE: Neeri extract, PMS: Phenazine methosulfate, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, Sc: Slope of the graph of control, SEM: Standard error of mean, Si: Slope of the graph with inhibitor, U/I: International unit, mg: Microgram, ml: Microliter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar Goyal
- Research Scholar, I.K.G. Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Motherhood University, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abhishek A, Benita S, Kumari M, Ganesan D, Paul E, Sasikumar P, Mahesh A, Yuvaraj S, Ramprasath T, Selvam GS. Molecular analysis of oxalate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis in the pathogenesis of kidney stone disease. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:561-573. [PMID: 28875258 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate, a non-essential end product of metabolism, causes hyperoxaluria and eventually calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease. Kidney cells exposed to oxalate stress results in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and progression of stone formation. Perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) result in accumulation of misfolded proteins and Ca2+ ions homeostasis imbalance and serve as a common pathway for various diseases, including kidney disorders. ER stress induces up-regulation of pro-survival protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and pro-apoptotic signaling protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Since the association of oxalate toxicity and ER stress on renal cell damage is uncertain, the present study is an attempt to elucidate the interaction of GRP78 with oxalate by computational analysis and study the role of ER stress in oxalate-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking results showed that GRP78-oxalate/CaOx interaction takes place. Oxalate stress significantly up-regulated expression of ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP both in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of oxalate increased ROS generation and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. N-Acetyl cysteine treatment significantly ameliorated oxalate-mediated oxidative stress and moderately attenuated ER stress marker expression. The result indicates oxalate toxicity initiated oxidative stress-induced ER stress and also activating ER stress mediated apoptosis directly. In addition, the up-regulation of transforming growth factor β-1 revealed oxalate may induce kidney fibrosis through ER stress-mediated mechanisms. The present study provide insights into the pathogenic role of oxidative and ER stress by oxalate exposure in the formation of calcium oxalate stone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Abhishek
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Shaly Benita
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Divya Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Eldho Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Ponnusamy Sasikumar
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ayyavu Mahesh
- DBT-IPLS Programme, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Subramani Yuvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Functional Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Manissorn J, Fong-Ngern K, Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Systematic evaluation for effects of urine pH on calcium oxalate crystallization, crystal-cell adhesion and internalization into renal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1798. [PMID: 28496123 PMCID: PMC5431959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine pH has been thought to be an important factor that can modulate kidney stone formation. Nevertheless, there was no systematic evaluation of such pH effect. Our present study thus addressed effects of differential urine pH (4.0–8.0) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization, crystal-cell adhesion, crystal internalization into renal tubular cells, and binding of apical membrane proteins to the crystals. Microscopic examination revealed that CaOx monohydrate (COM), the pathogenic form, was crystallized with greatest size, number and total mass at pH 4.0 and least crystallized at pH 8.0, whereas COD was crystallized with the vice versa order. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed such morphological study. Crystal-cell adhesion assay showed the greatest degree of crystal-cell adhesion at the most acidic pH and least at the most basic pH. Crystal internalization assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled crystals and flow cytometry demonstrated that crystal internalization into renal tubular cells was maximal at the neutral pH (7.0). Finally, there were no significant differences in binding capacity of the crystals to apical membrane proteins at different pH. We concluded that the acidic urine pH may promote CaOx kidney stone formation, whereas the basic urine pH (i.e. by alkalinization) may help to prevent CaOx kidney stone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juthatip Manissorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kedsarin Fong-Ngern
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Protective impact of resveratrol in experimental rat model of hyperoxaluria. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:769-775. [PMID: 28185107 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many other physiological effects on tissues. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol in hyperoxaluria driven nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis is investigated. METHODS Wistar-Albino rats of 250-300 g (male, n = 24) were included in the present study. The rats were randomized into three groups: Group 1 consisted of the controls (n = 8), Group 2 of hyperoxaluria (1% ethylene glycol (EG), n = 8), and Group 3 of the treatment (1% EG + 10 mg/kg of RES, n = 8) group. At the beginning and fifth week of the study, two rats from each group were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h and their urine was collected. At the end of the study, the rats were killed and their blood was collected from the vena cava inferior. The right kidneys of the rats were used for biochemical and the left ones for immunohistochemical analyzes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, urea, calcium, oxalate, and creatinine clearance were studied in the blood, urine, and kidney tissues. Moreover, routine histological evaluation, and p38-MAPK and NFkB immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS In the hyperoxaluria group, urinary oxalate levels were higher than the control group; yet, lower in the treatment group compared to hyperoxaluria group (p < 0.05). Serum MDA levels in the hyperoxaluria group were higher than the control group; but in the treatment group it is lower than the hyperoxaluria group (p < 0.05). P38 MAPK activity was higher in the hyperoxaluria group compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, in terms of p38 MAPK activity, there were no statistically significant difference between hyperoxaluria and the treatment group (p < 0.069). Whereas NFkB activity in the hyperoxaluria group is higher than the control (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was observed with the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, resveratrol was seen to prevent hyperoxaluria. With preventing oxidative stress factors and Randall plaque formation caused by free oxygen radicals, resveratrol can be an alternative treatment option that can increase the success rate in preventing stone recurrence in the future.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kartha GK, Li I, Comhair S, Erzurum SC, Monga M. Co-Occurrence of Asthma and Nephrolithiasis in Children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168813. [PMID: 28081237 PMCID: PMC5231242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that epithelial dysfunction and inflammation may predispose patients to kidney stone formation. Asthma is another chronic condition related to epithelial dysfunction and inflammation. We hypothesized that pediatric patients with asthma would have an increased prevalence of nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, we investigated if asthma patients with nephrolithiasis have clinical characteristics and urine profiles that point to mechanisms of stone formation. We evaluated 865 pediatric patients who had a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Clinical/demographic data and 24 hour urine samples were compared between asthma + stone (n = 142) and stone only patients. Data from asthmatics without stone were also available for evaluation of medication differences among asthma + stone and asthma only patients. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the pediatric population at our institution was 0.08% vs. 0.31% in our pediatric asthmatic population. The prevalence of asthma in our pediatric population was 6.8% vs. 26.7% in our pediatric stone patients. Asthma + stone patients were more likely to be on a combination inhaled corticosteroid + long acting beta agonist inhaler as compared to age/gender/BMI matched asthma patients without stone (29.7% vs. 13.7%, p = 0.0012). 259 kidney stone patients had 24 hour urine samples for comparison. There was no difference in 24 hour urine profiles between asthma + stone and stone only patients. Children with asthma have a 4-fold greater prevalence of kidney stones than the general pediatric population. Similarly, children with kidney stones have a 4-fold greater prevalence of asthma. This correlation may suggest a mechanistic link between asthma and nephrolithiasis. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the pathophysiologic origin of this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh K. Kartha
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ina Li
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Respiratory Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Respiratory Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Manoj Monga
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat. Endocr Regul 2016; 50:194-206. [DOI: 10.1515/enr-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives. Kidney stone disease is a common form of renal disease. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E (Vit E) and boron, are substances that reduce the damage caused by oxidation.
Methods. Adult male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). In group 1, rats received standard food and water for 28 days (control group); in group 2, standard rodent food and water with 0.75% ethylene glycol/d (dissolved in drinking water) (EG Group); in group 3, similar to group 2, with 3 mg of boron/d (dissolved in water) (EG+B Group); in group 4, similar to group 2, with 200 IU of vitamin E injected intraperitoneally on the first day and the 14th day, (EG+Vit E Group); in group 5, mix of groups 3 and 4, respectively (EG+B+Vit E Group).
Results. Kidney sections showed that crystals in the EG group increased significantly in comparison with the control group. Crystal calcium deposition score in groups of EG+B (160), EG+Vit E, and EG+B+Vit E showed a significant decrease compared to EG group. Measurement of the renal tubules area and renal tubular epithelial histological score showed the highest significant dilation in the EG group. Tubular dilation in the EG+B+Vit E group decreased compared to the EG+B and EG+Vit E groups.
Conclusions. Efficient effect of boron and Vit E supplements, separately and in combination, has a complimentary effect in protection against the formation of kidney stones, probably by decreasing oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun XY, Ouyang JM, Bhadja P, Gui Q, Peng H, Liu J. Protective Effects of Degraded Soybean Polysaccharides on Renal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Oxidative Damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7911-7920. [PMID: 27701856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of degraded soybean polysaccharides (DSP) on oxidatively damaged African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Low DSP concentration (10 μg/mL) elicited an evident protective effect on H2O2-induced cell injury (0.3 mmol/L). The cell viabilities of the H2O2-treated group and the DSP-protected group were 57.3 and 93.1%, respectively. The cell viability decreased to 88.3% when the dosage was increased to 100 μg/mL. DSP protected Vero cells from H2O2-mediated oxidative damage by enhancing cellular superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity and by decreasing malonaldehyde content and lactate dehydrogenase release. The H2O2-treated cells stimulated the aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. DSP could also reduce the crystal size, decrease the attached crystal content, and prevent the cell aggregation by alleviating oxidative injury and lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and decreasing hyaluronan expression on cellular surfaces. The internalization ability of the injured cells was improved after these cells were exposed to DSP solution. The regulation ability of DSP-repaired cells on calcium oxalate dihydrate formation, crystal attachment, aggregation, and internalization was lower than that of normal cells but was higher than that of the injured cells. DSP may be a potential green drug to prevent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation because DSP could protect cells from oxidative damage and inhibit CaOx crystal formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Poonam Bhadja
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qin Gui
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mittal A, Tandon S, Singla SK, Tandon C. Mechanistic Insights into the Antilithiatic Proteins from Terminalia arjuna: A Proteomic Approach in Urolithiasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162600. [PMID: 27649531 PMCID: PMC5029924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone formation during hyperoxaluric condition is inherently dependent on the interaction between renal epithelial cells and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Although modern medicine has progressed in terms of removal of these stones, recurrence and persistent side effects restricts their use. Strategies involving plant based agents which could be used as adjunct therapy is an area which needs to be explored. Plant proteins having antilithiatic activity is a hitherto unexplored area and therefore, we conducted a detailed identification and characterization of antilithiatic proteins from Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna). Proteins were isolated from the dried bark of T. arjuna and those having molecular weights > 3 kDa were subjected to anion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography. Four proteins were identified exhibiting inhibitory activity against CaOx crystallization and crystal growth kinetics The cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic efficacy of these purified proteins was further investigated on oxalate injured renal epithelial cells (MDCK and NRK-52E) wherein, injury due to oxalate was significantly attenuated and led to a dose dependent increase in viability of these cells. These proteins also prevented the interaction of the CaOx crystals to the cell surface and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Identification of these 4 anionic proteins from the bark of T. arjuna was carried out by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This was followed by database search with the MASCOT server and sequence similarity was found with Nuclear pore anchor, DEAD Box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 45, Lon protease homolog 1 and Heat shock protein 90–3. These novel proteins isolated from T. arjuna have the potential to inhibit CaOx crystallization and promote cell survival and therefore, offer novel avenues which need to be explored further for the medical management of urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sharma M, Sud A, Kaur T, Tandon C, Singla SK. N-acetylcysteine with apocynin prevents hyperoxaluria-induced mitochondrial protein perturbations in nephrolithiasis. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1032-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1221507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
49
|
Urinary MCP-1、HMGB1 increased in calcium nephrolithiasis patients and the influence of hypercalciuria on the production of the two cytokines. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:159-175. [PMID: 27393275 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to observe the urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and to determine the influence of hypercalciuria on the production of the two cytokines. 81 cases of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis (group CN) and 30 healthy controls (group C) were involved in this study. To observe the influence of urinary calcium on the excretion of those cytokines, the patients were subdivided according to their 24-h urinary calcium level: ≥4 mg/kg/day (group H) and <4 mg/kg/day (group N). MCP-1 and HMGB1 in urina sanguinis were determined for all subjects. In addition, in vitro study was done to determine the production of the two cytokines and index of apoptosis and oxidative injuries in human kidney epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to three high levels of calcium. Data showed that both urinary MCP-1 and HMGB1 in group CN were higher than that of group C. When the patients were subdivided, comparisons among the three groups showed that both MCP-1 and HMGB1 in group H and group N were higher than group C, but there was no significant statistical difference between the two stone groups. In vitro study, the apoptosis rate of cells, the lactate dehydrogenase activities, the hydrogen peroxide, and 8-isoprostane concentrations in the medium all increased in accordance with the increased concentration of calcium supplemented. Compared with the control, mRNA expressions of MCP-1 and HMGB1 in cells and the protein concentrations of the two cytokines in the medium of calcium-supplemented groups increased significantly. Results showed that urinary MCP-1 and HMGB1 increased in calcium nephrolithiasis patients and hypercalciuria might affect the identical pathways (through the reactive oxygen species) with other factors in stimulating the production of MCP-1 and HMGB1 in vivo.
Collapse
|
50
|
Morrison EE, Bailey MA, Dear JW. Renal extracellular vesicles: from physiology to clinical application. J Physiol 2016; 594:5735-5748. [PMID: 27104781 DOI: 10.1113/jp272182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are released from all regions of the kidney's nephron and from other cells that line the urinary tract. Extracellular vesicles retain proteomic and transcriptomic markers specific to their cell of origin and so represent a potential reservoir for kidney disease biomarker discovery. Exosomes, a subtype of uEVs, are distinguished from other vesicles by features related to their biogenesis within cells: mature multi-vesicular bodies fuse with the cellular membrane to liberate exosomes into the extracellular space. uEVs represent a novel cell signalling mechanism because they can be shuttled to a recipient cell and, through a number of proposed mechanisms, affect the recipient cell's proteome and function. Here we review the current evidence for uEV signalling along the nephron, their role in health and disease of the kidney, and their potential for clinical translation as biomarkers and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Morrison
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Bailey
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - J W Dear
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|