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Valadas LAR, Girão Júnior FJ, Lotif MAL, Fernández CE, Bandeira MAM, Fonteles MMDF, Bottenberg P, Squassi A. Fluoride concentration in teas derived from Camellia Sinensis produced in Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:682. [PMID: 35976461 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the fluoride concentration and pH of tea derived from Camellia sinensis produced and commercialized in Argentina. Forty-eight varieties of tea (black (n = 16), green (n = 21), red (n = 7), and white (n = 4)) commercialized in the form of leaves or tea bags were acquired. One bag or 2.0 ± 0.05 g of each product was infused for 5 min in 200 mL of distilled boiled water. The F- concentration was determined using an ion-selective electrode and pH was measured using a pH meter. The found fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 9.7 µg/mL and the pH ranged from 2.7 to 5.1. A higher fluoride concentration was observed in the leaves group (2.75 ± 2.65 µg/mL) compared to tea bags (1.10 ± 0.82 µg/mL) (p < 0.05). Regarding the type of tea, green and black tea were richer in F- than red and white tea. Fluoride and pH appeared not to be correlated (Pearson test). All the studied tea samples presented fluoride concentrations greater than the threshold recommended for drinking water. The pH proved to be low, which could be a risk for erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas
- Departmento de Odontología Y Comunitaria, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2142 Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, C1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Mara Assef Leitão Lotif
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Aldo Squassi
- Departmento de Odontología Y Comunitaria, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2142 Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, C1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Palmeira ÁRDOA, da Silva VATH, Dias Júnior FL, Stancari RCA, Nascentes GAN, Anversa L. Physicochemical and microbiological quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:805-812. [PMID: 31004532 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The public water supply is a constant subject of concern since its quality depends on many different factors. The intention of this paper was to evaluate the quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 2016. The parameters investigated included free residual chlorine, pH, apparent color, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. In total, from the 2,897 samples of water under analysis, 545 (18.81%) samples conflicted with the country's current legislation. The highest rates of noncompliance were related to fluoride contents and the presence of total coliforms. In addition, high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg/L NO3 -N) were observed in one of the cities' water sample. Our data display the major critical points of the water offered to the population and expose the potential risks for human health, indicating the need of a regular surveillance of the water and the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, in order to avoid the waterborne diseases occurrence, thus contributing to the population's health improvement. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Approximately 20% of the unsatisfactory water samples. High nitrate concentrations in public supply water. Potential risks for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Lopes Dias Júnior
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Arantes Stancari
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Anversa
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional de Bauru, Núcleo de Ciências Químicas e Bromatológicas, Bauru, Brazil
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Talwar M, Tewari A, Chawla HS, Sachdev V, Sharma S. Fluoride Concentration in Saliva following Professional Topical Application of 2% Sodium Fluoride Solution. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:423-427. [PMID: 32308314 PMCID: PMC7150569 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_681_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical fluoride application in moderate and high-risk individuals and in those living in low-fluoride communities has been a common practice by dental professionals. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess fluoride concentration available in saliva after a professional 2% sodium fluoride solution application (9000 ppm), and the duration of its availability to have an evidence-based practice for application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two percent sodium fluoride application was carried out in 45 participants residing in a boarding school. The participants were non tea drinkers and nonfluoride users. Water fluoride of the area ranged from 0.34 ppm to 0.38 ppm. Whole mixed saliva samples were collected at baseline and various time intervals postapplication of 2% sodium fluoride solution. Fluoride in saliva was estimated using the fluoride combination electrode (Orion model 94-09, 96-09) coupled to an ionanalyzer. RESULTS IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 was used for the analysis. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and box plot, and it was found to be nonnormal. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare all time intervals with baseline, and statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.0001). Salivary fluoride according to this study showed a biphasic clearance pattern with a peak at 15 min and a rapid fall in 60 min followed by a slow, consistent decline over a 20-h period. The fluoride concentration in saliva remained elevated above baseline from 0.03 ppm to 0.076 ppm even 3 months after application. CONCLUSION Findings of this study show that, in this population, the frequency of application should be between 2 and 3 months (four applications per year).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Talwar
- Oral Health Centre, Governemnt Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amrit Tewari
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H. S. Chawla
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Dental College Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Sharma
- Department of Staticstics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Chinajitphan N, Chunhacheevachaloke E, Ajcharanukul O. Effect of dentinal fluid on enamel permeability under simulated pulpal pressure. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alves VF, Moreira VG, Soares AF, de Albuquerque LS, Moura HS, de Oliveira Silva A, Sampaio FC. A randomized triple-blind crossover trial of a hydrocolloid-containing dentifrice as a controlled-release system for fluoride. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:3071-3077. [PMID: 29484546 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retention of intraoral fluoride in biofilm and saliva, an experimental dentifrice containing hydrocolloid (tara gum) was used as a controlled-release system for fluoride (F). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a triple-blind randomized crossover trial with washout, 18 individuals used the following different dentifrices for a week: 100-TGF (sodium fluoride NaF associated with tara gum, 1100 mg/L), 50-TGF (50% NaF associated with tara gum + 50% free NaF, 1100 mg/L), PC (free NaF, 1100 mg/L), TG (with tara gum and without F), and placebo (without F or tara gum). On the seventh day of dentifrice use, biofilm was collected at 1 and 12 h, and saliva was collected up to 60 min and 12 h after the last toothbrushing. F concentrations were determined by physico-chemical analysis of fluoride using the hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion technique. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (repeated measures) and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) testing. RESULTS No significant difference was observed with the same dentifrice regarding F retention in biofilm at 1 and 12 h after toothbrushing for the 100-TGF, placebo, and TG groups (p > 0.05). The highest area under the curve values in saliva were found for the 50-TGF, 100-TGF, and PC groups. CONCLUSION The dentifrice containing hydrocolloid as a controlled-release system for F promoted F retention in the oral cavity, even at 12 h after brushing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydrocolloid added to dentifrices as a controlled-release system for F might contribute to a higher anti-caries effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02809014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Feitosa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlúcia Gomes Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia Felix Soares
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Simões de Albuquerque
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Helene Soares Moura
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Alisson de Oliveira Silva
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
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Kondo KY, Buzalaf MAR, Manarelli MM, Delbem ACB, Pessan JP. Effects of pH and fluoride concentration of dentifrices on fluoride levels in saliva, biofilm, and biofilm fluid in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:983-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Souza DCC, Maltz M, Hashizume LN. Fluoride retention in saliva and in dental biofilm after different home-use fluoride treatments. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28:S1806-83242014000100248. [PMID: 25166761 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This single-blind, randomized, crossover study aimed at assessing the long-term fluoride concentrations in saliva and in dental biofilm after different home-use fluoride treatments. The study volunteers (n = 38) were residents of an area with fluoridated drinking water. They were administered four treatments, each of which lasted for one week: twice-daily placebo dentifrice, twice-daily fluoride dentifrice, twice-daily fluoride dentifrice and once-daily fluoride mouthrinse, and thrice-daily fluoride dentifrice. At the end of each treatment period, samples of unstimulated saliva and dental biofilm were collected 8 h after the last oral hygiene procedure. Fluoride concentrations in saliva and dental biofilm were analyzed using a specific electrode. The fluoride concentrations in saliva and dental biofilm 8 h after the last use of fluoride products did not differ among treatments. The results of this study suggest that treatments with home-use fluoride products have no long-term effect on fluoride concentrations in saliva and in dental biofilm of residents of an area with a fluoridated water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia Cavalcante Souza
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ? UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marisa Maltz
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ? UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lina Naomi Hashizume
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ? UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pessan JP, Alves KMRP, Italiani FDM, Ramires I, Lauris JRP, Whitford GM, Toumba KJ, Robinson C, Buzalaf MAR. Distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque biofilms after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014; 24:293-302. [PMID: 25045768 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque after the use of fluoride dentifrices has not yet been determined. AIM To evaluate fluoride and calcium distribution in sections of biofilms generated in situ after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. DESIGN Children (n = 11, 8–10 years old) brushed with placebo (fluoride-free), low-fluoride (513 mgF/kg), and conventional (1072 mgF/kg) dentifrices twice daily for 1 week, following a double-blind, cross-over protocol. Biofilms were generated using Leeds in situ devices, which were collected 1 and 12 h after brushing, and sectioned through their depth. Sections were grouped (10 x 5 μm) for fluoride and calcium analysis. Sections 4 lm thick were used for image analysis and determination of biomass fraction. Results were analysed by ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and linear regression analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS Fluoride and calcium were mostly located at the outer sections of biofilms for all dentifrices tested, and these ions were directly correlated throughout most of biofilm’s sections. Results for conventional dentifrice were significantly higher than for the placebo, but did not differ from those for the low-fluoride dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS The use of a low-fluoride dentifrice did not promote a higher fluoride uptake in inner biofilms’ sections, as hypothesized. As plaque fluoride was significantly elevated only after the use of the conventional dentifrice, the recommendation of low-fluoride formulations should be done with caution, considering both risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Public Health; Araçatuba Dental School; Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Araçatuba Brazil
| | | | | | - Irene Ramires
- Department of Biological Sciences; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - José Roberto Pereira Lauris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Orthodontics and Public Health; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Kyriacos Jack Toumba
- Division of Child Dental Health; Leeds Dental Institute; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Colin Robinson
- Division of Oral Biology; Leeds Dental Institute; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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Li X, Wang J, Joiner A, Chang J. The remineralisation of enamel: a review of the literature. J Dent 2014; 42 Suppl 1:S12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(14)50003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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10
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Vogel G, Tenuta L, Schumacher G, Chow L. A Calcium Prerinse Required to Form Calcium Fluoride in Plaque from a Sodium Fluoride Rinse. Caries Res 2014; 48:174-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000354047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Naumova EA, Kuehnl P, Hertenstein P, Markovic L, Jordan RA, Gaengler P, Arnold WH. Fluoride bioavailability in saliva and plaque. BMC Oral Health 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22230722 PMCID: PMC3295678 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different fluoride formulations may have different effects on caries prevention. It was the aim of this clinical study to assess the fluoride content, provided by NaF compared to amine fluoride, in saliva and plaque. Methods Eight trained volunteers brushed their teeth in the morning for 3 minutes with either NaF or amine fluoride, and saliva and 3-day-plaque-regrowth was collected at 5 time intervals during 6 hours after tooth brushing. The amount of collected saliva and plaque was measured, and the fluoride content was analysed using a fluoride sensitive electrode. All subjects repeated all study cycles 5 times, and 3 cycles per subject underwent statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results Immediately after brushing the fluoride concentration in saliva increased rapidly and dropped to the baseline level after 360 minutes. No difference was found between NaF and amine fluoride. All plaque fluoride levels were elevated after 30 minutes until 120 minutes after tooth brushing, and decreasing after 360 minutes to baseline. According to the highly individual profile of fluoride in saliva and plaque, both levels of bioavailability correlated for the first 30 minutes, and the fluoride content of saliva and plaque was back to baseline after 6 hours. Conclusions Fluoride levels in saliva and plaque are interindividually highly variable. However, no significant difference in bioavailability between NaF and amine fluoride, in saliva, or in plaque was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A Naumova
- Faculty of Health, Department of Dentistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Shen P, Manton DJ, Cochrane NJ, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Effect of added calcium phosphate on enamel remineralization by fluoride in a randomized controlled in situ trial. J Dent 2011; 39:518-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Prystupa J. Fluorine—A current literature review. An NRC and ATSDR based review of safety standards for exposure to fluorine and fluorides. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:103-70. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.542931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cochrane N, Cai F, Huq N, Burrow M, Reynolds E. New Approaches to Enhanced Remineralization of Tooth Enamel. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1187-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510376046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a highly prevalent diet-related disease and is a major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage non-cavitated caries lesions non-invasively through remineralization in an attempt to prevent disease progression and improve aesthetics, strength, and function. Remineralization is defined as the process whereby calcium and phosphate ions are supplied from a source external to the tooth to promote ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, to produce net mineral gain. Recently, a range of novel calcium-phosphate-based remineralization delivery systems has been developed for clinical application. These delivery systems include crystalline, unstabilized amorphous, or stabilized amorphous formulations of calcium phosphate. These systems are reviewed, and the technology with the most scientific evidence to support its clinical use is the remineralizing system utilizing casein phosphopeptides to stabilize and deliver bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions. The recent clinical evidence for this technology is presented and the mechanism of action discussed. Biomimetic approaches to stabilization of bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions and the localization of these ions to non-cavitated caries lesions for controlled remineralization show promise for the non-invasive management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.J. Cochrane
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - F. Cai
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - N.L. Huq
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M.F. Burrow
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - E.C. Reynolds
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Pessan J, Alves K, Ramires I, Taga M, Sampaio F, Whitford G, Buzalaf M. Effects of Regular and Low-fluoride Dentifrices on Plaque Fluoride. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1106-10. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034510375827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the use of low-fluoride dentifrices could lead to proportionally higher plaque fluoride levels when compared with conventional dentifrices. This double-blind, randomized, crossover study determined the effects of placebo, low-fluoride, and conventional dentifrices on plaque fluoride concentrations ([F]) in children living in communities with 0.04, 0.72, and 3.36 ppm F in the drinking water. Children used the toothpastes twice daily, for 1 wk. Samples were collected 1 and 12 hrs after the last use of dentifrices and were analyzed for fluoride and calcium. Similar increases were found 1 hr after the children brushed with low-fluoride ( ca. 1.9 mmol F/kg) and conventional ( ca. 2.4 mmol F/kg) dentifrices in the 0.04- and 0.72-ppm-F communities. Despite the fact that the increases were less pronounced in the 3.36-ppm-F community, our results indicate that the use of a low-fluoride dentifrice promotes a proportionally higher increase in plaque [F] when compared with that achieved with a conventional dentifrice, based on dose-response considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - K.M.R.P. Alves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - I. Ramires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo-Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - M.F.L. Taga
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - Biostatistics Unit, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F.C. Sampaio
- Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - G.M. Whitford
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M.A.R. Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo-Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Vogel GL, Tenuta LMA, Schumacher GE, Chow LC. No calcium-fluoride-like deposits detected in plaque shortly after a sodium fluoride mouthrinse. Caries Res 2010; 44:108-15. [PMID: 20185917 DOI: 10.1159/000287239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque 'calcium-fluoride-like' (CaF(2)-like) and fluoride deposits held by biological/bacterial calcium fluoride (Ca-F) bonds appear to be the source of cariostatic concentrations of fluoride in plaque fluid. The aim of this study was to quantify the amounts of plaque fluoride held in these reservoirs after a sodium fluoride rinse. 30 and 60 min after a 228 microg/g fluoride rinse, plaque samples were collected from 11 volunteers. Each sample was homogenized, split into 2 aliquots (aliquots 1 and 2), centrifuged, and the recovered plaque fluid combined and analyzed using microelectrodes. The plaque mass from aliquot 1 was retained. The plaque mass from aliquot 2 was extracted several times with a solution having the same fluoride, calcium and pH as the plaque fluid in order to extract the plaque CaF(2)-like deposits. The total fluoride in both aliquots was then determined. In a second experiment, the extraction completeness was examined by applying the above procedure to in vitro precipitates containing known amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits. Nearly identical fluoride concentrations were found in both plaque aliquots. The extraction of the CaF(2)-like precipitates formed in vitro removed more than 80% of these deposits. The results suggest that either CaF(2)-like deposits were not formed in plaque or, if these deposits had been formed, they were rapidly lost. The inability to form persistent amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits in plaque may account for the relatively rapid loss of plaque fluid fluoride after the use of conventional fluoride dentifrices or rinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vogel
- American Dental Association Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546, USA. jvogel @ nist.gov
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Schäfer F, Beasley T, Abraham P. In vivo delivery of fluoride and calcium from toothpaste containing 2% hydroxyapatite. Int Dent J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/idj.2009.59.6s1.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Pessan JP, Silva SMB, Lauris JRP, Sampaio FC, Whitford GM, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride uptake by plaque from water and from dentifrice. J Dent Res 2008; 87:461-5. [PMID: 18434577 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that fluoride retention in plaque is limited by available binding sites. We determined the effects of fluoridated or placebo dentifrices on plaque and salivary fluoride concentrations [F]s in communities with different water fluoride concentrations (0.04, 0.85, 3.5 ppm). After one week of dentifrice use, samples were collected 1.0 and 12 hrs after the last use of dentifrices. After the use of fluoridated dentifrice, plaque fluoride concentrations were higher at both times, except at 12 hrs in the 3.5-ppm community. Plaque concentrations at 1.0 hr after the use of fluoridated dentifrice increased almost constantly (6.5 mmol/kg), but then decreased approximately 50% at 12 hrs in each community. Unlike previous studies, the present findings suggest that the use of fluoridated dentifrice is likely to increase plaque fluoride concentrations significantly for up to 12 hrs in areas where the water contains fluoride close to 1.0 ppm. As previously reported, plaque fluoride concentrations were directly related to calcium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo-Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Vogel GL, Schumacher GE, Chow LC, Takagi S, Carey CM. Ca pre-rinse greatly increases plaque and plaque fluid F. J Dent Res 2008; 87:466-9. [PMID: 18434578 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that a Ca pre-treatment greatly increases salivary F from a subsequent NaF rinse. This study examines if these increases are found in plaque and plaque fluid F. Thirteen individuals accumulated plaque before rinsing with: (1) 12 mmol/L NaF (228 microg/g F), (2) 150 mmol/L Ca rinse, or (3) the Ca rinse followed by the F rinse. One hr later, plaque samples were collected, the plaque fluid was recovered, and the plaque residues were extracted 5 times with pH 6.8 or pH 4.8 buffers, and then by acid. The F in each extract after the Ca rinse/F rinse greatly exceeded the corresponding F from the NaF rinse. Consequently, the Ca rinse/F rinse increased the total plaque F and the plaque fluid F by 12x and 5x, compared with the NaF rinse alone. These and the previous salivary results suggest that a Ca pre-treatment may increase the cariostatic effects of topical F agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vogel
- American Dental Association Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546, USA.
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Magalhães AC, Furlani TDA, Italiani FDM, Iano FG, Delbem ACB, Buzalaf MAR. Effect of calcium pre-rinse and fluoride dentifrice on remineralisation of artificially demineralised enamel and on the composition of the dental biofilm formed in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:1155-60. [PMID: 17686453 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in situ blind crossover study investigated the effect of calcium (Ca) rinse prior to the use fluoride (F) dentifrice on remineralisation of artificially demineralised enamel and on the composition of biofilm. DESIGN During four phases of 14 days, 10 volunteers wore appliances containing two artificially demineralised bovine enamel blocks. Three times a day, they rinsed with 10 mL of Ca (150 mM) or placebo rinse (1 min). A slurry (1:3, w/v) of F (1030 ppm) or placebo dentifrice was dripped onto the blocks. During 1 min, the volunteers brushed their teeth with the respective dentifrice. The appliance was replaced into the mouth and the volunteers rinsed with water. The biofilm formed on the blocks was analysed for F and Ca. Enamel alterations were evaluated by the percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMHC), cross-sectional microhardness (% mineral volume) and alkali-soluble F analysis. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS The use of the Ca pre-rinse before the F dentifrice produced a six- and four-fold increase in biofilm F and Ca concentrations, respectively. For enamel, the remineralisation was significantly improved by the Ca pre-rinse when compared to the other treatments. There was a significantly higher concentration of alkali-soluble F in enamel when the F dentifrice was used, but the Ca pre-rinse did not have any significant additive effect. CONCLUSIONS According to our protocol, the Ca pre-rinse significantly increased biofilm F concentration and, regardless the use of F dentifrice, significantly enhanced the remineralisation of artificially demineralised enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193 Araçatuba-SP 16015-050, Brazil
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21
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Ramires I, Buzalaf MAR. A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público e seus benefícios no controle da cárie dentária: cinqüenta anos no Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2007; 12:1057-65. [PMID: 17680164 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232007000400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público representa uma das principais e mais importantes medidas de saúde pública no controle da cárie dentária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de reafirmar, através de uma revisão de literatura, a importância e o alcance da fluoretação no controle da cárie dentária. Um dos meios mais efetivos para manter constante a presença de flúor na cavidade bucal, fundamental para controle da cárie dentária, a fluoretação da água é reconhecida como um importante fator para o declínio da prevalência da cárie dentária. Portanto, além de ser mantida, deve ser monitorada, a fim de que o teor de flúor seja mantido dentro dos padrões adequados para o controle da cárie e prevenção da fluorose dentária.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramires
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, USP, Bauru, SP.
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Pessan JP, Sicca CM, de Souza TS, da Silva SMB, Whitford GM, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride concentrations in dental plaque and saliva after the use of a fluoride dentifrice preceded by a calcium lactate rinse. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114:489-93. [PMID: 17184230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plaque fluoride concentrations ([F]) are directly related to plaque calcium concentrations [Ca]. Attempts to increase plaque F uptake from dentifrices or rinses have used methods designed to increase plaque [Ca] but with inconsistent results. This double-blind, double-crossover study tested the effect of a 150 mM calcium lactate rinse used prior to brushing with placebo or fluoridated dentifrices (1030 p.p.m. as NaF) on plaque and salivary [F] and [Ca]. Sixteen children (8-10 yr of age) were randomly assigned to four different groups according to the four treatments (placebo dentifrice or fluoridated dentifrice preceded by calcium lactate or deionized water prerinses). Plaque and saliva were collected 1 and 12 h after brushing on day 7 after starting to use the dentifrices. F was determined using the electrode and Ca was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Plaque and salivary [Ca] were not significantly increased after use of the calcium lactate prerinse, except for plaque [Ca] 1 h after the use of the placebo dentifrice. A significant increase in salivary [F] was associated with the calcium lactate prerinse only at 1 h after the use of the fluoridated dentifrice. The the calcium lactate prerinse did not significantly affect plaque [F] under any condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano P Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Vogel GL, Shim D, Schumacher GE, Carey CM, Chow LC, Takagi S. Salivary Fluoride from Fluoride Dentifrices or Rinses after Use of a Calcium Pre-Rinse or Calcium Dentifrice. Caries Res 2006; 40:449-54. [PMID: 16946616 DOI: 10.1159/000094293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low concentration of available calcium (Ca) in oral fluids limits the formation of Ca-mediated fluoride deposits that maintain oral fluoride (F) after a topical F treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine if a high concentration of Ca would increase salivary F when used before a F rinse or dentifrice. We found that a Ca pre-rinse (150 mmol/l Ca lactate) or Ca dentifrice (0.084 g Ca glycerolphosphate per gram dentifrice) used immediately before a 60 s 228-ppm F rinse (12 mmol/l NaF) produced a 4.6x or 3.6x increase (p < 0.05) respectively in the 1 h salivary F concentrations over the F rinse alone. Reducing the post-Ca F rinse to 10 s still produced a significant 2.2x increase in salivary F compared to the 60 s F rinse alone. Used with a conventional 1,100 ppm F (i.e. 1,100 microg F per gram) NaF dentifrice (Crest), the above Ca pre-rinse increased 1 h salivary F levels by 2.3x over the F dentifrice alone. However, a F rinse given before a Ca rinse produced no increase in 1 h salivary F concentrations. Although the persistence of these increases requires further study, these results suggest that a moderately high concentration of Ca given shortly before a F rinse or F dentifrice may increase the cariostatic effect of the F product.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vogel
- American Dental Association Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546, USA.
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Ramires I, Olympio KPK, Maria AG, Pessan JP, Cardoso VES, Lodi CS, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoridation of the public water supply and prevalence of dental fluorosis in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru, SP. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14:136-41. [PMID: 19089045 PMCID: PMC4327456 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the fluoride concentration in the public water supply and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren between 7 and 15 years old, living in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this, fifty two water samples were collected on three different days of one week. These samples were analyzed for fluoride by means of the ion-sensitive electrode method (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). In this method, 1.0 mL of TISAB II (Orion) was added to 1.0 mL of the sample. For the epidemiological survey of fluorosis, 52 schoolchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 15 were assessed, with prior authorization from their caretakers. Only one person examined the children, after supervised toothbrushing and drying with cotton wool rolls. The TF index was used. RESULTS The fluoride concentrations in the water samples ranged from 0.62 to 1.20 mg/L, with a mean of 0.9 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33%, with severity ranging from TF1 to TF4 (Kappa of 0.73 and concordance of 83.33%). CONCLUSIONS The results from the analysis of water samples indicated a fluoride concentration greater than recommended for Bauru. The fluorosis levels found were higher than expected for a peripheral district, in which water is one of the few sources of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramires
- DDS, MSc, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Brazil
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Vogel GL, Chow LC, Carey CM, Schumacher GE, Takagi S. Effect of a Calcium Prerinse on Salivary Fluoride after a 228-ppm Fluoride Rinse. Caries Res 2006; 40:178-80. [PMID: 16508278 DOI: 10.1159/000091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if a concentrated calcium prerinse given before a fluoride rinse would cause an increase in the post rinse sali vary fluoride (F). A panel of 5 subjects used a 30, 150 or 300 mmol/l calcium lactate prerinse followed by a 1-min NaF rinse. All calcium prerinses significantly increased the 1-hour saliva F relative to the NaF control without a prerinse. The maximum increase was produced by the 150 mmol/l calcium lactate prerinse and was about ninefold higher than the NaF control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vogel
- American Dental Association Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546, USA.
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