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Jing W, Huang S, Xiang P, Huang J, Yu H. Dietary precursors and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1061119. [PMID: 36844729 PMCID: PMC9947469 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Dietary precursor has been identified as a contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is inconsistent if dietary precursors could affect the process of cardiovascular disease. Methods Here we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the data from genome-wide association study of European ancestry to evaluate the independent effects of three dietary precursors on cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and valvular disease (VHD). Inverse variance weighting method was used for the MR estimation. Sensitivity was determined by MR-PRESSO analysis, weighted median analysis, MR-Egger analysis, and Leave-one-out analysis. Results We found that elevated choline level had a causal relationship with VHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.087, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003-1.178, P = 0.041] and MI (OR = 1.250, 95% CI, 1.041-1.501, P = 0.017) by single-variable MR analysis. Furthermore, elevated carnitine level was associated with MI (OR = 5.007, 95% CI, 1.693-14.808, P = 0.004) and HF (OR = 2.176, 95% CI, 1.252-3.780, P = 0.006) risk. In addition, elevated phosphatidylcholine level can increase the risk of MI (OR = 1.197, 95% CI, 1.026-1.397, P = 0.022). Conclusion Our data show that choline increases VHD or MI risk, carnitine increases the risk of MI or HF, and phosphatidylcholine increases HF risk. These findings suggest the possibility that decrease in choline level in circulation may be able to reduce overall VHD or MI risk, reduce in carnitine level could be decrease MI and HF risks as well as decrease in phosphatidylcholine could reduce MI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwei Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shushi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiniu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Yu,
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2
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Kanazawa H, Fukuda K. The plasticity of cardiac sympathetic nerves and its clinical implication in cardiovascular disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:960606. [PMID: 36160916 PMCID: PMC9500163 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.960606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is electrically and mechanically controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which consists of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. It has been considered that the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves regulate the cardiomyocytes’ performance independently; however, recent molecular biology approaches have provided a new concept to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the diseased heart through the plasticity of the autonomic nervous system. Studies have found that cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers in hypertrophic ventricles strongly express an immature neuron marker and simultaneously cause deterioration of neuronal cellular function. This phenomenon was explained by the rejuvenation of cardiac sympathetic nerves. Moreover, heart failure and myocardial infarction have been shown to cause cholinergic trans-differentiation of cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers via gp130-signaling cytokines secreted from the failing myocardium, affecting cardiac performance and prognosis. This phenomenon is thought to be one of the adaptations that prevent the progression of heart disease. Recently, the concept of using device-based neuromodulation therapies to attenuate sympathetic activity and increase parasympathetic (vagal) activity to treat cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, was developed. Although several promising preclinical and pilot clinical studies using these strategies have been conducted, the results of clinical efficacy vary. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the plasticity of cardiac sympathetic nerves and propose potential new therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Choline Protects the Heart from Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through Vagal Activation and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4740931. [PMID: 35422894 PMCID: PMC9005275 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4740931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Choline is a precursor of the major neurotransmitter acetylcholine and has been demonstrated beneficial in diverse models of cardiovascular disease. Here, we sought to verify that choline protects the heart from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that DOX treatment decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening and increased serum cardiac markers and myocardial fibrosis, which were alleviated by cotreatment with choline. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was accompanied by increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which were rectified by choline cotreatment. Levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which are antioxidant markers, were lowered by DOX and upregulated by choline. Moreover, DOX significantly decreased serum acetylcholine levels and the high-frequency component of heart rate variability and increased serum norepinephrine levels and the low-frequency component; these effects were rescued by choline administration. Interestingly, the protective effects of choline could be partially reversed by administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. This suggests that choline might be a promising adjunct therapeutic agent to alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Activation of the M3AChR and Notch1/HSF1 Signaling Pathway by Choline Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9979706. [PMID: 34504645 PMCID: PMC8423579 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9979706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis are major characteristics of early-stage heart failure. Choline exerts cardioprotective effects; however, its effects on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis are unclear. In this study, the role and underlying mechanism of choline in regulating Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated using a model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which was induced by exposing neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to Ang II (10−6 M, 48 h). Choline promoted heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) nuclear translocation and the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD) expression. Consequently, choline attenuated Ang II-induced increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and promotion of proapoptotic protein release from mitochondria, including cytochrome c, Omi/high-temperature requirement protein A2, and second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low P. The reversion of these events attenuated Ang II-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells, presumably via type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3AChR). Indeed, downregulation of M3AChR or Notch1 blocked choline-mediated upregulation of NICD and nuclear HSF1 expression, as well as inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, indicating that M3AChR and Notch1/HSF1 activation confer the protective effects of choline. In vivo studies were performed in parallel, in which rats were infused with Ang II for 4 weeks to induce cardiac apoptosis. The results showed that choline alleviated cardiac remodeling and apoptosis of Ang II-infused rats in a manner related to activation of the Notch1/HSF1 pathway, consistent with the in vitro findings. Taken together, our results reveal that choline impedes oxidative damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating M3AChR and Notch1/HSF1 antioxidant signaling, and suggest a novel role for the Notch1/HSF1 signaling pathway in the modulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Cavalcante GL, Brognara F, Oliveira LVDC, Lataro RM, Durand MDT, Oliveira AP, Nóbrega ACL, Salgado HC, Sabino JPJ. Benefits of pharmacological and electrical cholinergic stimulation in hypertension and heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13663. [PMID: 33884761 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure are cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. They are characterized by a change in the autonomic nervous system balance, highlighted by an increase in sympathetic activity associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Most therapeutic approaches seek to treat these diseases by medications that attenuate sympathetic activity. However, there is a growing number of studies demonstrating that the improvement of parasympathetic function, by means of pharmacological or electrical stimulation, can be an effective tool for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to describe the advances reported by experimental and clinical studies that addressed the potential of cholinergic stimulation to prevent autonomic and cardiovascular imbalance in hypertension and heart failure. Overall, the published data reviewed demonstrate that the use of central or peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is efficient to improve the autonomic imbalance and hemodynamic changes observed in heart failure and hypertension. Of note, the baroreflex and the vagus nerve activation have been shown to be safe and effective approaches to be used as an alternative treatment for these cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, deserving to be more explored in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele L. Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Vaz de C. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | - Renata M. Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Center of Biological Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SP Brazil
| | | | - Aldeidia P. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | | | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Paulo J. Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
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Khaliulin I, Ascione R, Maslov LN, Amal H, Suleiman MS. Preconditioning or Postconditioning with 8-Br-cAMP-AM Protects the Heart against Regional Ischemia and Reperfusion: A Role for Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cells 2021; 10:1223. [PMID: 34067674 PMCID: PMC8155893 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP-AM (8-Br) confers marked protection against global ischaemia/reperfusion of isolated perfused heart. We tested the hypothesis that 8-Br is also protective under clinically relevant conditions (regional ischaemia) when applied either before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion, and this effect is associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). 8-Br (10 μM) was administered to Langendorff-perfused rat hearts for 5 min either before or at the end of 30 min regional ischaemia. Ca2+-induced mitochondria swelling (a measure of MPTP opening) and binding of hexokinase II (HKII) to mitochondria were assessed following the drug treatment at preischaemia. Haemodynamic function and ventricular arrhythmias were monitored during ischaemia and 2 h reperfusion. Infarct size was evaluated at the end of reperfusion. 8-Br administered before ischaemia attenuated ventricular arrhythmias, improved haemodynamic function, and reduced infarct size during ischaemia/reperfusion. Application of 8-Br at the end of ischaemia protected the heart during reperfusion. 8-Br promoted binding of HKII to the mitochondria and reduced Ca2+-induced mitochondria swelling. Thus, 8-Br protects the heart when administered before regional ischaemia or at the beginning of reperfusion. This effect is associated with inhibition of MPTP via binding of HKII to mitochondria, which may underlie the protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khaliulin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Pharmacy Building, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Bristol Medical School (THS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (R.A.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Medical School (THS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (R.A.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 111 a, Kievskaya Street, 634012 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Pharmacy Building, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - M. Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Medical School (THS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (R.A.); (M.S.S.)
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Guo J, Hang P, Yu J, Li W, Zhao X, Sun Y, Fan Z, Du Z. The association between RGS4 and choline in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33892733 PMCID: PMC8063380 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis is caused by the adverse and powerful remodeling of the heart secondary to the death of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) 4 is involved in cardiac diseases through regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Methods Cardiac fibrosis models were established through cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro and mice subjected to myocardial infarction in vivo. The mRNA expression of RGS4, collagen I/III and α-SMA detected by qRT-PCR. Protein level of RGS4, collagen I, CTGF and α-SMA detected by Western blot. The ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%) of mice were measured by echocardiography. Collagen deposition of mice was tested by Masson staining. Results The expression of RGS4 increased in CFs treatment with TGF-β1 and in MI mice. The model of cardiac fibrosis detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. It was demonstrated that inhibition of RGS4 expression improved cardiac fibrosis by transfection with small interfering RNA in CFs and injection with lentivirus shRNA in mice. The protective effect of choline against cardiac fibrosis was counteracted by overexpression of RGS4 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, choline inhibited the protein level of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in CFs treated with TGF-β1, which were restored by RGS4 overexpression. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RGS4 promoted cardiac fibrosis and attenuated the anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline. RGS4 may weaken anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline through TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. ![]()
Video Abstract: Video Byte of this article
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material availlable at 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Reserch in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Inhibition of CHRM3 Alleviates Necrosis Via the MAPK-p38/miR-31-5p/RIP3 Axis in L-Arginine-Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2020; 49:1335-1341. [PMID: 33122522 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic acinar necrosis is a typical feature in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3) has been reported to play important roles in promoting insulin secretion and tumor cell proliferation, but its effect on necrosis remains unknown. This study revealed the important role of CHRM3 in regulating L-arginine-induced SAP and the molecular mechanisms. METHODS To verify the function of CHRM3, pancreatic tissues and primary acinar cells of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Chrm3 knockout mice were used in CHRM3 knockdown experiments, and to ascertain the CHRM3 overexpression, PLV-EGFP-Chrm3 plasmids were transfected in acinar cells in vitro. RESULTS In L-arginine-induced SAP, CHRM3 is activated and regulates SAP through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 pathway. Moreover, the expression of miR-31-5p decreased in the SAP model both in vitro and in vivo. Mir-31-5p effects the necrosis of acinar cells in SAP by upregulating the target gene RIP3, and miR-31-5p is a downstream miRNA of CHRM3. CONCLUSIONS Necrosis in L-arginine-induced SAP is promoted by CHRM3 through the mitogen-activated protein kinase-p38/miR-31-5p/RIP3 axis.
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He X, Deng J, Yu XJ, Yang S, Yang Y, Zang WJ. Activation of M3AChR (Type 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor) and Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2) Signaling by Choline Alleviates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2649-2664. [PMID: 32938216 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, and hypertension. Choline exerts cardioprotective effects; however, little is known about its effects on VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated whether choline modulates VSMC phenotypic changes and explored the underlying mechanisms. Approach and Results: In cultured VSMCs, choline promoted Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) nuclear translocation, inducing the expression of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) and NQO-1 (NAD[P]H quinone oxidoreductase-1). Consequently, choline ameliorated Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced increases in NOX (NAD[P]H oxidase) expression and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, thereby attenuating Ang II-induced VSMC phenotypic switching, proliferation, and migration, presumably via M3AChRs (type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors). Downregulation of M3AChR or Nrf2 diminished choline-mediated upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 expression, as well as inhibition of VSMC phenotypic transformation, suggesting that M3AChR and Nrf2 activation are responsible for the protective effects of choline. Moreover, activation of the Nrf2 pathway by sulforaphane suppressed Ang II-induced VSMC phenotypic switching and proliferation, indicating that Nrf2 is a key regulator of VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular homeostasis. In a rat model of abdominal aortic constriction in vivo, choline attenuated VSMC phenotypic transformation and vascular remodeling in a manner related to activation of the Nrf2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that choline impedes VSMC phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, and vascular remodeling by activating M3AChR and Nrf2-antioxidant signaling and suggest a novel role for Nrf2 in VSMC phenotypic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
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Lv L, Zheng N, Zhang L, Li R, Li Y, Yang R, Li C, Fang R, Shabanova A, Li X, Liu Y, Liang H, Zhou Y, Shan H. Metformin ameliorates cardiac conduction delay by regulating microRNA-1 in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173131. [PMID: 32450177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac conduction delay may occur as a common complication of several cardiac diseases. A few therapies and drugs have a good effect on cardiac conduction delay. Metformin (Met) has a protective effect on the heart. This study's aim was to investigate whether Met could ameliorate cardiac conduction delay and its potential mechanism. Cardiac-specific microRNA-1 (miR-1) transgenic (TG) and myocardial infarction (MI) mouse models were used. Mice were administered with Met in an intragastric manner. We found that the expression of miR-1 was significantly up-regulated in H2O2 treated cardiomyocytes as well as in TG and MI mice. The protein levels of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2.1 (Kir2.1) and Connexin43 (CX43) were down-regulated both in cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2 as well as cardiac tissues of TG and MI mice, as compared to their controls. Furthermore, the PR and QT intervals were prolonged, action potential duration (APD) was delayed, and conduction velocity (CV) was reduced, with upregulation of miR-1 in the hearts. In the meanwhile, intercalated disc injuries were found in the hearts of MI mice. Interestingly, Met can noticeably inhibit miR-1 upregulation and attenuate the changes mentioned above. Taken together, this suggested that Met could play an important role in improving cardiac conduction delay through inhibition of miR-1 expression. Our study proposes that Met is a potential candidate for the treatment of cardiac conduction delay and provides a new idea of treating arrhythmia with a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; The Centre of Functional Experiment Teaching, Department of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Ruotong Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Yingnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Ruonan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Azaliia Shabanova
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; Department of Outpatient and Emergency Pediatric, Bashkir State Medical University, Ground Floor, Teatralnaya Street, 2a, 450000, Ufa, Russia
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, PR China.
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11
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Xu M, Xue RQ, Lu Y, Yong SY, Wu Q, Cui YL, Zuo XT, Yu XJ, Zhao M, Zang WJ. Choline ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by regulating metabolic remodelling and UPRmt through SIRT3-AMPK pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:530-545. [PMID: 30165480 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a shift in metabolic substrate utilization, but the molecular events underlying the metabolic remodelling remain poorly understood. We explored metabolic remodelling and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy and investigated the cardioprotective effects of choline. METHODS AND RESULTS The experiments were conducted using a model of ventricular hypertrophy by partially banding the abdominal aorta of Sprague Dawley rats. Cardiomyocyte size and cardiac fibrosis were significantly increased in hypertrophic hearts. In vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by exposing neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to angiotensin II (Ang II) (10-6 M, 24 h). Choline attenuated the mito-nuclear protein imbalance and activated the mitochondrial-unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the heart, thereby preserving the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in the context of cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, choline inhibited myocardial metabolic dysfunction by promoting the expression of proteins involved in ketone body and fatty acid metabolism in response to pressure overload, accompanied by the activation of sirtuin 3/AMP-activated protein kinase (SIRT3-AMPK) signalling. In vitro analyses demonstrated that SIRT3 siRNA diminished choline-mediated activation of ketone body metabolism and UPRmt, as well as inhibition of hypertrophic signals. Intriguingly, serum from choline-treated abdominal aorta banding models (where β-hydroxybutyrate was increased) attenuated Ang II-induced myocyte hypertrophy, which indicates that β-hydroxybutyrate is important for the cardioprotective effects of choline. CONCLUSION Choline attenuated cardiac dysfunction by modulating the expression of proteins involved in ketone body and fatty acid metabolism, and induction of UPRmt; this was likely mediated by activation of the SIRT3-AMPK pathway. Taken together, these results identify SIRT3-AMPK as a key cardiac transcriptional regulator that helps orchestrate an adaptive metabolic response to cardiac stress. Choline treatment may represent a new therapeutic strategy for optimizing myocardial metabolism in the context of hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Su-Yun Yong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
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12
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Khuanjing T, Palee S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. The effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: From cells to patient reports. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13396. [PMID: 31595611 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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13
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Zhao L, Chen T, Hang P, Li W, Guo J, Pan Y, Du J, Zheng Y, Du Z. Choline Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis by Inhibiting p38MAPK Signaling Possibly by Acting on M 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1386. [PMID: 31849653 PMCID: PMC6900736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline has been reported to produce a variety of cellular functions including cardioprotection via activating M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) under various insults. However, whether choline offers similar beneficial effects via the same mechanism in cardiac fibrosis remained unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of choline on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms, particularly the possible involvement of M3R. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to simulate the cardiac fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment was employed to induce proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Choline chloride and M3R antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) were used to unravel the potential role of M3R. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and interstitial fibrosis was quantified by Masson staining. Protein levels of collagens I and III were determined by Western blot analysis. The role of M3R in the proliferation cardiac fibroblasts was validated by silencing M3R with specific small interference RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway including p38MAPK and ERK1/2 as well as the TGF-β1/Smad pathway were analyzed. M3R protein was found abundantly in cardiac fibroblasts. M3R protein level, as identified by Western blotting, was higher in mice with excessive cardiac fibrosis and in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis as well. Choline significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis, and this beneficial action was reversed by 4-DAMP. Production of collagens I and III was reduced after choline treatment but restored by 4-DAMP. Expression silence of endogenous M3R using siRNA increased the level of collagen I. Furthermore, the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and the p38MAPK pathways were both suppressed by choline. In summary, choline produced an anti-fibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and p38MAPK pathways. These findings unraveled a novel pharmacological property of choline linked to M3R, suggesting that choline regulates cardiac fibrosis and the associated heart diseases possibly by acting on M3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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14
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Aghaei M, Motallebnezhad M, Ghorghanlu S, Jabbari A, Enayati A, Rajaei M, Pourabouk M, Moradi A, Alizadeh AM, Khori V. Targeting autophagy in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: A novel therapeutic strategy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16768-16778. [PMID: 30807647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Myocardial reperfusion is known as an effective therapeutic choice against AMI. However, reperfusion of blood flow induces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through different complex processes including ion accumulation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and so forth. One of the processes that gets activated in response to I/R injury is autophagy. Indeed, autophagy acts as a "double-edged sword" in the pathology of myocardial I/R injury and there is a controversy about autophagy being beneficial or detrimental. On the basis of the autophagy effect and regulation on myocardial I/R injury, many studies targeted it as a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in I/R injury and its targeting as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Aghaei
- Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ghorghanlu
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rajaei
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourabouk
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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15
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Wang MT, Lai JH, Tsai CL, Liou JT. Risk of adverse cardiovascular events with use of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:657-670. [PMID: 31324282 PMCID: PMC9307027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, including long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are the mainstay therapy in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease that poses a heavy burden on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Use of LABAs and LAMAs in patients with COPD, however, has been concerned about an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, despite inconsistent findings reported from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. In this review, we detailed the relevant evidence generated from RCTs and observational studies with respect to the risk of cardiovascular disease with use of LABAs and LAMAs in management of COPD, and analyzed the contradictory findings in the literature, as well as recommended future research directions to clear the air regarding the cardiovascular safety of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyun-Heng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Liang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Ting Liou
- Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Shan H, Li T, Zhang L, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang M, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Yang B, Liang H, Gao X, Shan H. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents heart against myocardial infarction by attenuating ischemic injury-induced cardiomyocytes senescence. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:59-68. [PMID: 30527623 PMCID: PMC6355645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is a stable cell-cycle arrest induced by telomere shortening and various types of cellular stress including oxidative stress, oncogene activation, DNA damage etc. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress-response protein that plays antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in cellular senescence in heart are largely unknown. Methods Echocardiography was employed to detect the effect of HO-1 on heart function in adult mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and aged mice. The senescence markers, p53, p16 and LaminB, were analyzed by western blot. The immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were applied to analyze the expression level of p16. SA-β-Gal staining showed the level of cardiomyocyte senescence. Findings We found that hemin significantly induced the expression of HO-1, which notably suppressed cardiomyocyte senescence containing the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Further studies showed that systemic HO-1 transgenic overexpression improved heart function by inhibiting aging-induced extracellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis. More importantly, treatment of hemin improved heart function in MI mice. Furthermore, forced expression of HO-1 blunted cardiomyocyte senescence in natural aged mice and in primary cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Interpretation Our study revealed that HO-1 improved heart function and attenuated cardiomyocyte senescence triggered by ischemic injury and aging. In addition, HO-1 induction alleviated H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. Finally, our study suggested a novel mechanism of HO-1 to play cardioprotective effect. Fund This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770284 to Hongli Shan); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673425, 81872863 to Yuhong Zhou). The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473213 to Chaoqian Xu). National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1307403 to Baofeng Yang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730012 to Baofeng Yang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuechao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research of Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
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17
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Effects of a Pasty Bone Cement Containing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Functionalized Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Particles on Metaphyseal Healing in a New Murine Osteoporotic Fracture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113531. [PMID: 30423942 PMCID: PMC6274902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new and better implant materials adapted to osteoporotic bone is still urgently required. Therefore, osteoporotic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3 mAChR) knockout (KO) and corresponding wild type (WT) mice underwent osteotomy in the distal femoral metaphysis. Fracture gaps were filled with a pasty α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-based hydroxyapatite (HA)-forming bone cement containing mesoporous bioactive CaP-SiO₂ glass particles (cement/MBG composite) with or without Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and healing analyzed after 35 days. Histologically, bone formation was significantly increased in WT mice that received the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to control WT mice without BDNF. Cement/MBG composite without BDNF increased bone formation in M3 mAChR KO mice compared to equally treated WT mice. Mass spectrometric imaging showed that the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite implanted in M3 mAChR KO mice was infiltrated by newly formed tissue. Leukocyte numbers were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice treated with BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite compared to controls without BDNF. C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were significantly lower in M3 mAChR KO mice that received the cement/MBG composite without BDNF when compared to WT mice treated the same. Whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations in callus were significantly increased in M3 mAChR KO mice, ALP activity was significantly higher in WT mice. Due to a stronger effect of BDNF in non osteoporotic mice, higher BDNF concentrations might be needed for osteoporotic fracture healing. Nevertheless, the BDNF-functionalized cement/MBG composite promoted fracture healing in non osteoporotic bone.
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Intachai K, C Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N, Shinlapawittayatorn K. Revisiting the Cardioprotective Effects of Acetylcholine Receptor Activation against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092466. [PMID: 30134547 PMCID: PMC6164157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of acute myocardial injury and its most clinically significant form. The most effective treatment for AMI is to restore an adequate coronary blood flow to the ischemic myocardium as quickly as possible. However, reperfusion of an ischemic region can induce cardiomyocyte death, a phenomenon termed “myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury”. Disruption of cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) activity is a common hallmark of a variety of cardiovascular diseases including AMI. Experimental studies have shown that increased vagal activity exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury. In addition, acetylcholine (ACh), the principle cardiac vagal neurotransmitter, has been shown to replicate the cardioprotective effects of cardiac ischemic conditioning. Moreover, studies have shown that cardiomyocytes can synthesize and secrete ACh, which gives further evidence concerning the importance of the non-neuronal cholinergic signaling cascades. This suggests that the activation of ACh receptors is involved in cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury. There are two types of ACh receptors (AChRs), namely muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively). However, the effects of AChRs activation in cardioprotection during myocardial I/R are still not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the evidence suggesting the association between AChRs activation with both electrical and pharmacological interventions and the cardioprotection during myocardial I/R, as well as outline potential mechanisms underlying these cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannaporn Intachai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Zhang X, Lin Q, Chen J, Wei T, Li C, Zhao L, Gao H, Zheng H. High Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death May Be Linked to Unbalanced Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Energy Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040807. [PMID: 29614759 PMCID: PMC6017930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose-induced cardiomyocyte death is a common symptom in advanced-stage diabetic patients, while its metabolic mechanism is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore metabolic changes in high glucose-induced cardiomyocytes and the heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics. We found that high glucose can promote cardiomyocyte death both in vitro and in vivo studies. Metabolomic results show that several metabolites exhibited inconsistent variations in vitro and in vivo. However, we also identified a series of common metabolic changes, including increases in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine and valine) as well as decreases in aspartate and creatine under high glucose condition. Moreover, a reduced energy metabolism could also be a common metabolic characteristic, as indicated by decreases in ATP in vitro as well as AMP, fumarate and succinate in vivo. Therefore, this study reveals that a decrease in energy metabolism and an increase in BCAAs metabolism could be implicated in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qiuting Lin
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiuxia Chen
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Tingting Wei
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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20
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Saternos HC, Almarghalani DA, Gibson HM, Meqdad MA, Antypas RB, Lingireddy A, AbouAlaiwi WA. Distribution and function of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29093194 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00062.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are widely known to mediate numerous functions within the central and peripheral nervous system. Thus, they have become attractive therapeutic targets for various disorders. It has long been known that the parasympathetic system, governed by acetylcholine, plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular function. Unfortunately, due to the lack of pharmacologic selectivity for any one muscarinic receptor, there was a minimal understanding of their distribution and function within this region. However, in recent years, advancements in research have led to the generation of knockout animal models, better antibodies, and more selective ligands enabling a more thorough understanding of the unique role muscarinic receptors play in the cardiovascular system. These advances have shown muscarinic receptor 2 is no longer the only functional subtype found within the heart and muscarinic receptors 1 and 3 mediate both dilation and constriction in the vasculature. Although muscarinic receptors 4 and 5 are still not well characterized in the cardiovascular system, the recent generation of knockout animal models will hopefully generate a better understanding of their function. This mini review aims to summarize recent findings and advances of muscarinic involvement in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Saternos
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Daniyah A Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hayley M Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mahmood A Meqdad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Raymond B Antypas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ajay Lingireddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wissam A AbouAlaiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
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21
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Headrick JP, Peart JN, Budiono BP, Shum DH, Neumann DL, Stapelberg NJ. The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 106:14-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Xue RQ, Sun L, Yu XJ, Li DL, Zang WJ. Vagal nerve stimulation improves mitochondrial dynamics via an M 3 receptor/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:58-71. [PMID: 27491814 PMCID: PMC5192749 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics-fission and fusion-are associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This study explored the protective effect of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischaemia in a rat model and tested whether VNS plays a role in preventing disorders of mitochondrial dynamics and function. Isoproterenol not only caused cardiac injury but also increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins [dynamin-related peptide1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission protein1 (Fis-1)) and decreased the expression of fusion proteins (optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) and mitofusins1/2 (Mfn1/2)], thereby disrupting mitochondrial dynamics and leading to increase in mitochondrial fragments. Interestingly, VNS restored mitochondrial dynamics through regulation of Drp1, Fis-1, OPA1 and Mfn1/2; enhanced ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential; reduced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening; and improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and size. Furthermore, VNS reduced the size of the myocardial infarction and ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by ISO. Moreover, VNS activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was accompanied by phosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) during myocardial ischaemia. Treatment with subtype-3 of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3 R) antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide or AMPK inhibitor Compound C abolished the protective effects of VNS on mitochondrial dynamics and function, suggesting that M3 R/CaMKKβ/AMPK signalling are involved in mediating beneficial effects of VNS. This study demonstrates that VNS modulates mitochondrial dynamics and improves mitochondrial function, possibly through the M3 R/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway, to attenuate ISO-induced cardiac damage in rats. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Qing Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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23
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Moreno-Galindo EG, Sanchez-Chapula JA, Tristani-Firouzi M, Navarro-Polanco RA. Pharmacological Conversion of a Cardiac Inward Rectifier into an Outward Rectifier Potassium Channel. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:334-40. [PMID: 27247338 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K(+)) channels are crucial for determining the shape, duration, and frequency of action-potential firing in excitable cells. Broadly speaking, K(+) channels can be classified based on whether their macroscopic current outwardly or inwardly rectifies, whereby rectification refers to a change in conductance with voltage. Outwardly rectifying K(+) channels conduct greater current at depolarized membrane potentials, whereas inward rectifier channels conduct greater current at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. Under most circumstances, outward currents through inwardly rectifying K(+) channels are reduced at more depolarized potentials. However, the acetylcholine-gated K(+) channel (KACh) conducts current that inwardly rectifies when activated by some ligands (such as acetylcholine), and yet conducts current that outwardly rectifies when activated by other ligands (for example, pilocarpine and choline). The perplexing and paradoxical behavior of KACh channels is due to the intrinsic voltage sensitivity of the receptor that activates KACh channels, the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R). Emerging evidence reveals that the affinity of M2R for distinct ligands varies in a voltage-dependent and ligand-specific manner. These intrinsic receptor properties determine whether current conducted by KACh channels inwardly or outwardly rectifies. This review summarizes the most recent concepts regarding the intrinsic voltage sensitivity of muscarinic receptors and the consequences of this intriguing behavior on cardiac physiology and pharmacology of KACh channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy G Moreno-Galindo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México (E.G.M.-G., J.A.S.-C., R.A.N.-P.); Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (M.T.-F.)
| | - Jose A Sanchez-Chapula
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México (E.G.M.-G., J.A.S.-C., R.A.N.-P.); Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (M.T.-F.)
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México (E.G.M.-G., J.A.S.-C., R.A.N.-P.); Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (M.T.-F.)
| | - Ricardo A Navarro-Polanco
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México (E.G.M.-G., J.A.S.-C., R.A.N.-P.); Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (M.T.-F.)
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24
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Hu Y, Zhang L, Wu X, Hou L, Li Z, Ju J, Li Q, Qin W, Li J, Zhang Q, Zhou T, Zhang L, Xu C, Fang Z, Zhang Y. Bisphenol A, an environmental estrogen-like toxic chemical, induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the ERK1/2 pathway. Toxicol Lett 2016; 250-251:1-9. [PMID: 27025157 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied typical endocrine-disrupting chemical. The present study aimed to verify whether BPA could induce proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and collagen production leading to cardiac interstitial fibrosis. After exposure to BPA for 30 consecutive days, decreased cardiac function was observed in rats using echocardiography, and the deposition of collagen was detected by Masson's trichrome staining and electron microscope. BPA remarkably stimulated proliferation and migration of cultured cardiac fibroblasts and collagen production in a concentration-dependent manner, as revealed by MTT, wound healing assay and collagen assay. Meanwhile, BPA treatment also enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). In contrast, pretreatment with estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182780 or ERK inhibitor PD98059 prevented the enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and subsequently inhibited the up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression induced by BPA. As a consequence, these inhibitors also decreased proliferation and collagen production, as well as the fibrosis-related genes expression. Taken together, our results indicated that BPA may act as a promoting factor in proliferative process and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts via activating ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xianxian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liangyu Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Longyin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin 150086, China; Wu Lien-Teh lnstitute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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25
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Qiu M, Dong YH, Han F, Qin JM, Zhang HN, Du JX, Hao XM, Yang YM. Influence of total flavonoids derived from Choerospondias axillaris folium on aconitine-induced antiarrhythmic action and hemodynamics in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:878-883. [PMID: 27599234 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1193117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that various traditional Chinese medicines produce antiarrhythmic actions. The aims of this study were to examine whether total flavones derived from Choerospondias axillaris folium (TFCF) also produced antiarrhythmic effects using a rat model of aconitine-induced arrhythmia and to compare these observations with the effects of total flavones of Choerospondias axillaris fructus (TFC). Wistar rats were orally administered TFC (0.2 g/kg) or TFCF (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 g/kg) daily for 7 d. Subsequently, aconitine iv at 25 µg/kg was used to induce arrhythmia in these animals. Control (C) physiological saline and positive verapamil rats were also administered orally. The starting times of ventricular ectopic beats (VE), ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and heart arrest (HA) were recorded. In comparison to C, TFCF and TFC significantly prolonged the starting time of VE, VT, VF, and HA induced by aconitine. With respect to hemodynamics, TFC and high-dose TFCF were effective in reducing HR without associated changes in BP in all groups. TFC and TFCF decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal velocity rate of ventricular pressure (+dp/dt max and -dp/dt min) with no marked effect on left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and -dp/dtmin. Data demonstrated that TFCF and TFC were equally effective in diminishing the aconitine-mediated arrhythmias. In addition, TFCF and TFC produced a similar reduction in HR with no accompanying change in BP. These findings indicate that the TFCF- and TFC-induced alterations may be attributed to inhibition of ventricular contraction without altering ventricular diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Yong-He Dong
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Feng Han
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Jian-Min Qin
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Hao-Nan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Jian-Xi Du
- b College of Science , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China
| | - Xin-Min Hao
- b College of Science , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , Guangdong , China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Baotou Medical College , Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
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26
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Mueller DM, Allenspach M, Othman A, Saely CH, Muendlein A, Vonbank A, Drexel H, von Eckardstein A. Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:638-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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He X, Zhao M, Bi X, Sun L, Yu X, Zhao M, Zang W. Novel strategies and underlying protective mechanisms of modulation of vagal activity in cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5489-500. [PMID: 25378088 PMCID: PMC4667861 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Autonomic imbalance, characterized by suppressed vagal (parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity, correlates with various pathological conditions, including heart failure, arrhythmia, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and hypertension. Conventionally, pharmacological interventions, such as β-blocker treatment, have primarily targeted suppressing sympathetic over-activation, while vagal modulation has always been neglected. Emerging evidence has documented the improvement of cardiac and vascular function mediated by the vagal nerve. Many investigators have tried to explore the effective ways to enhance vagal tone and normalize the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we attempt to give an overview of these therapeutic strategies, including direct vagal activation (electrical vagal stimulation, ACh administration and ACh receptor activation), pharmacological modulation (adenosine, cholinesterase inhibitors, statins) and exercise training. This overview provides valuable information for combination therapy, contributing to establishment of a comprehensive system on vagal modulation from the aspects of clinical application and lifestyle improvement. In addition, the mechanisms contributing to the benefits of enhancing vagal tone are diverse and have not yet been fully defined. We endeavour to outline the recent findings that advance our knowledge regarding the many favourable effects exerted by vagal activation: anti-inflammatory pathways, modulation of NOS and NO signalling, regulation of redox state, improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and potential calcium regulation. This review may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting enhancing vagal activity for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Xueyuan Bi
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of PharmacologyXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
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28
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Improving vagal activity ameliorates cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II: in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17108. [PMID: 26596640 PMCID: PMC4656999 DOI: 10.1038/srep17108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is characterized by overactivity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and withdrawal of vagal activity. We hypothesized that improving vagal activity could attenuate cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. Rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) with or without pyridostigmine (PYR) (31 mg/kg/d). After 8 weeks, PYR significantly decreased Ang II level, AT1 protein expression, and collagen deposition in cardiac tissue and improved heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac function, which were abolished by atropine. In vitro, treatment of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with Ang II (10−7 M) increased cell proliferation, migration, transformation, and secretory properties, which were significantly diminished by acetylcholine (ACh, 10−6 M). Subsequently, Ang II significantly increased collagen type I expression as well as metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and activity. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression and Smad3 phosphorylation presented a similar trend. Notably, the knockdown of the acetylcholine M2 receptor by siRNA could abolish ACh anti-fibrotic action. These data implicated cholinesterase inhibitor can increase vagal activity and reduce local Ang II level, and ACh inhibit Ang II pro-fibrotic effects. Our findings suggested that the parasympathetic nervous system can serve as a promising target for cardiac remodeling treatment.
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29
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He X, Bi XY, Lu XZ, Zhao M, Yu XJ, Sun L, Xu M, Wier WG, Zang WJ. Reduction of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interactions by Acetylcholine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells From Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1623-34. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
We explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk involving voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1)/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 in endothelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and investigated the protective effects of acetylcholine.
Approach and Results—
Acetylcholine treatment during reoxygenation prevented intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
increases and alleviated ER Ca
2+
depletion during H/R in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, acetylcholine enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited proapoptotic cascades, thereby reducing cell death and preserving endothelial ultrastructure. This effect was likely mediated by the type-3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. In addition, interactions among members of the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex were increased after H/R and were associated with mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and cell death. Inhibition of the partner of the Ca
2+
channeling complex (VDAC1 siRNA) or a reduction in ER–mitochondria tethering (mitofusin 2 siRNA) prevented the increased protein interaction within the complex and reduced mitochondrial Ca
2+
accumulation and subsequent endothelial cell death after H/R. Intriguingly, acetylcholine could modulate ER–mitochondria Ca
2+
cross talk by inhibiting the VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex and mitofusin 2 expression. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase siRNA diminished acetylcholine-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and VDAC1/glucose-regulated protein 75/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 complex formation induced by H/R.
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that ER–mitochondria interplay plays an important role in reperfusion injury in the endothelium and may be a novel molecular target for endothelial protection. Acetylcholine attenuates both intracellular and mitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and protects endothelial cells from H/R injury, presumably by disrupting the ER–mitochondria interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xue-yuan Bi
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xing-zhu Lu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Xiao-jiang Yu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Lei Sun
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Man Xu
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - W. Gil Wier
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
| | - Wei-jin Zang
- From Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (X.H., X-y.B., X-z.L., M.Z., X-j.Y., L.S., M.X., W-j.Z.); and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (W.G.W.)
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Hang P, Zhao J, Cai B, Tian S, Huang W, Guo J, Sun C, Li Y, Du Z. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates TRPC3/6 channels and protects against myocardial infarction in rodents. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:536-45. [PMID: 25892961 PMCID: PMC4400385 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with coronary artery diseases. However, its role and mechanism in myocardial infarction (MI) is not fully understood. METHODS Wistar rat and Kunming mouse model of MI were induced by the ligation of left coronary artery. Blood samples were collected from MI rats and patients. Plasma BDNF level, protein expression of BDNF, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and its downstream transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)3/6 channels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Infarct size, cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured after intra-myocardium injection with recombinant human BDNF. Protective role of BDNF against cardiomyocyte apoptosis was confirmed by BDNF scavenger TrkB-Fc. The regulation of TRPC3/6 channels by BDNF was validated by pretreating with TRPC blocker (2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate, 2-APB) and TRPC3/6 siRNAs. RESULTS Circulating BDNF was significantly enhanced in MI rats and patients. Protein expression of BDNF, TrkB and TRPC3/6 channels were upregulated in MI. 3 days post-MI, BDNF treatment markedly reduced the infarct size and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Meanwhile, echocardiography indicated that BDNF significantly improved cardiac function of MI mice. Furthermore, BDNF markedly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 expression and activity in ischemic myocardium. In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, cell viability was dramatically increased by BDNF in hypoxia, which was restored by TrkB-Fc. Furthermore, protective role of BDNF against hypoxia-induced apoptosis was reversed by 2-APB and TRPC3/6 siRNAs. CONCLUSION BDNF/TrkB alleviated cardiac ischemic injury and inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis by regulating TRPC3/6 channels, which provides a novel potential therapeutic candidate for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhou Hang
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- 2. Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- 3. Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Guo
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yue Li
- 2. Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- 1. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Mediated protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment by miR-214 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2015; 11:303-10. [PMID: 25593579 PMCID: PMC4294147 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and microRNAs (miRNAs) could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardioprotection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1(NCX1), BCL2-like 11 (BIM), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) and Cyclophilin D (CypD). Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining (±dp/dt max). In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Transfection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2+ and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδ and CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.
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Tomankova H, Valuskova P, Varejkova E, Rotkova J, Benes J, Myslivecek J. The M2 muscarinic receptors are essential for signaling in the heart left ventricle during restraint stress in mice. Stress 2015; 18:208-20. [PMID: 25586419 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1007345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that muscarinic receptors (MRs) in the heart have a role in stress responses and thus investigated changes in MR signaling (gene expression, number of receptors, adenylyl cyclase (AC), phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase A and C (PKA and PKC) and nitric oxide synthase [NOS]) in the left ventricle, together with telemetric measurement of heart rate (HR) in mice (wild type [WT] and M2 knockout [KO]) during and after one (1R) or seven sessions (7R) of restraint stress (seven mice per group). Stress decreased M2 MR mRNA and cell surface MR in the left ventricle in WT mice. In KO mice, 1R, but not 7R, decreased surface MR. Similarly, AC activity was decreased in WT mice after 1R and 7R, whereas in KO mice, there was no change. PLC activity was also decreased after 1R in WT and KO mice. This is in accord with the concept that cAMP is a key player in HR regulation. No change was found with stress in NOS activity. Amount of AC and PKA protein was not changed, but was altered for PKC isoenzymes (PKCα, β, γ, η and ϵ (increased) in KO mice, and PKCι (increased) in WT mice). KO mice were more susceptible to stress as shown by inability to compensate HR during 120 min following repeated stress. The results imply that not only M2 but also M3 are involved in stress signaling and in allostasis. We conclude that for a normal stress response, the expression of M2 MR to mediate vagal responses is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tomankova
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
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The rescuable function and mechanism of resveratrol on As2O3-induced hERG K+ channel deficiency. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1079-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu C, Hu Y, Hou L, Ju J, Li X, Du N, Guan X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Qin W, Shen N, Bilal MU, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Shan H. β-Blocker carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by up-regulating miR-133 expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:111-21. [PMID: 25066695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a causal factor and key promoter of a variety of cardiovascular diseases associated with apoptotic cell death by causing deregulation of related genes. Though carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has been shown to produce cytoprotective effects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate whether the beneficial effects of carvedilol are related to microRNAs which have emerged as critical players in cardiovascular pathophysiology via post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding genes. In vivo, we demonstrated that carvedilol ameliorated impaired cardiac function of infarct rats and restored miR-133 expression. In vitro, carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes from H2O2 induced apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining and MTT assays, and increased miR-133 expression in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-133, a recognized anti-apoptotic miRNA, produced similar effects to carvedilol: reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level, so as to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by downregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in the presence of H2O2. Transfection with AMO-133 (antisense inhibitor oligodeoxyribonucleotides) alone abolished the beneficial effects of carvedilol. Caspase-9-specific inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk, caspase-3-specific inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk, caspase-9 siRNA and caspase-3 siRNA were used to establish caspase-3 as a downstream target of miR-133. In conclusion, our data indicated that carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes by increasing miR-133 expression and suppressing caspase-9 and subsequent apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangyu Hou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nannan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Muhammad U Bilal
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Deng L, Chen L, Zhao D, Lv L, Chen X, Man J, Wang Y, Shan H, Lu Y. The alkaloid matrine of the root of Sophora flavescens prevents arrhythmogenic effect of ouabain. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:931-935. [PMID: 24680622 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrine, a alkaloid of the root of Sophora flavescens, has multiple protective effects on the cardiovascular system including cardiac arrhythmias. However, the molecular and ionic mechanisms of matrine have not been well investigated. Our study aimed at to shed a light on the issue to investigate the antiarrhythmic effects of matrine by using ouabain to construct an arrhythmic model of cardiomyocytes. In this experiment, matrine significantly and dose-dependently increased the doses of ouabain required to induce cardiac arrhythmias and decreased the duration of arrhythmias in guinea pigs. In cardiomyocytes of guinea pigs, ouabain 10 μM prolonged action potential duration by 80% (p<0.05) and increased L-type Ca(2+) currents and Ca(2+) transients induced by KCl (p<0.05). Matrine 100 μM shortened the prolongation of APD and prevented the increase of L-type Ca(2+) currents and Ca(2+) transients induced by ouabain. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that matrine possessed arrhythmogenic effect of ouabain by inhibiting of L-type Ca(2+) currents and Ca(2+) overload in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Internal Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Lifang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China.
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Du W, Wang S, Yang L, Pan Z, Li X, Xiong X, He H, Shi Y, Liu X, Yu S, Bi Z, Lu Y, Shan H. Downregulation of miR-151-5p contributes to increased susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction with estrogen deprivation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72985. [PMID: 24039836 PMCID: PMC3767733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. But merely estrogen supplementary treatment can induce many severe complications such as breast cancer. The present study was designed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying increased susceptibility of arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction with estrogen deprivation, which provides us a new target to cure cardiac disease accompanied with estrogen deprivation. We successfully established a rat model of myocardial ischemia (MI) accompanied with estrogen deprivation by coronary artery ligation and ovariectomy (OVX). Vulnerability and mortality of ventricular arrhythmias increased in estrogen deficiency rats compared to non estrogen deficiency rats when suffered MI, which was associated with down-regulation of microRNA-151-5p (miR-151-5p). Luciferase Reporter Assay demonstrated that miR-151-5p can bind to the 3′-UTR of FXYD1 (coding gene of phospholemman, PLM) and inhibit its expression. We found that the expression of PLM was increased in (OVX+MI) group compared with MI group. More changes such as down-regulation of Kir2.1/IK1, calcium overload had emerged in (OVX+MI) group compared to MI group merely. Transfection of miR-151-5p into primary cultured myocytes decreased PLM levels and [Ca2+]i, however, increased Kir2.1 levels. These effects were abolished by the antisense oligonucleotides against miR-151-5p. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent experiments confirmed the co-localization between Kir2.1 and PLM in rat ventricular tissue. We conclude that the increased ventricular arrhythmias vulnerability in response to acute myocardial ischemia in rat is critically dependent upon down-regulation of miR-151-5p. These findings support the proposal that miR-151-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of ischemic arrhythmias in the subjects with estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaonan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengang Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (YL)
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (HS); (YL)
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Navarro-Polanco RA, Aréchiga-Figueroa IA, Salazar-Fajardo PD, Benavides-Haro DE, Rodríguez-Elías JC, Sachse FB, Tristani-Firouzi M, Sánchez-Chapula JA, Moreno-Galindo EG. Voltage sensitivity of M2 muscarinic receptors underlies the delayed rectifier-like activation of ACh-gated K(+) current by choline in feline atrial myocytes. J Physiol 2013; 591:4273-86. [PMID: 23652593 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.255166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline (Ch) is a precursor and metabolite of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). In canine and guinea pig atrial myocytes, Ch was shown to activate an outward K(+) current in a delayed rectifier fashion. This current has been suggested to modulate cardiac electrical activity and to play a role in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology. However, the exact nature and identity of this current has not been convincingly established. We recently described the unique ligand- and voltage-dependent properties of muscarinic activation of ACh-activated K(+) current (IKACh) and showed that, in contrast to ACh, pilocarpine induces a current with delayed rectifier-like properties with membrane depolarization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Ch activates IKACh in feline atrial myocytes in a voltage-dependent manner similar to pilocarpine. Single-channel recordings, biophysical profiles, specific pharmacological inhibition and computational data indicate that the current activated by Ch is IKACh. Moreover, we show that membrane depolarization increases the potency and efficacy of IKACh activation by Ch and thus gives the appearance of a delayed rectifier activating K(+) current at depolarized potentials. Our findings support the emerging concept that IKACh modulation is both voltage- and ligand-specific and reinforce the importance of these properties in understanding cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Navarro-Polanco
- E. G. Moreno-Galindo: C.U.I.B., Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Colonia Villa San Sebastián, C.P. 28045 Colima, Col., México.
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Lu X, Costantini T, Lopez NE, Wolf PL, Hageny AM, Putnam J, Eliceiri B, Coimbra R. Vagal nerve stimulation protects cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine burn injury model. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:664-71. [PMID: 23577721 PMCID: PMC3822819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the integration and execution of a wide variety of apoptotic signals. In the present study, we examined the deleterious effects of burn injury on heart tissue. We explored the effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on cardiac injury in a murine burn injury model, with a focus on the protective effect of VNS on mitochondrial dysfunction in heart tissue. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area, full-thickness steam burn followed by right cervical VNS for 10 min. and compared to burn alone. A separate group of mice were treated with the M3-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3-AchR) antagonist 4-DAMP or phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 prior to burn and VNS. Heart tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 hrs after injury to measure changes in apoptotic signalling pathways. Burn injury caused significant cardiac pathological changes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling and decrease in myocardial ATP content at 6 and 24 hrs after injury. These changes were significantly attenuated by VNS. VNS inhibited release of pro-apoptotic protein cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol by increasing the expression of Bcl-2, and the phosphorylation level of Bad (pBad136) and Akt (pAkt308). These protective changes were blocked by 4-DAMP or LY294002. We demonstrated that VNS protected against burn injury–induced cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondria dysfunction, likely through the M3-AchR and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiong Lu
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Burns, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Du Z. Choline protects against cardiac hypertrophy induced by increased after-load. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:295-302. [PMID: 23493786 PMCID: PMC3596715 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inadequate intake of essential nutrient choline has been known to significantly increase cardiovascular risk, whether additional supplement of choline offering a protection against cardiac hypertrophy remain unstudied. METHODS The effects of choline supplements on pathological cardiac hypertrophic growth induced by transverse aorta constriction (TAC) for three weeks and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured cells induced by isoproterenol (ISO) 10 μM for 48 h stimulation were investigated. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were used to determine the expression of ANP, BNP, β-MHC, miR-133a and Calcineurin. RESULTS Administration of 14 mg/kg choline to mice undergone TAC effectively attenuated the cardiac hypertrophic responses, as indicated by the reduced heart weight, left ventricular weight, ventricular thickness, and reduced expression of biomarker genes of cardiac hypertrophy. This anti-hypertrophic efficacy was reproduced in a cellular model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Our results further showed that choline rescued the aberrant downregulation of the muscle-specific microRNA miR-133a expression, a recently identified anti-hypertrophic factor, and restored the elevated calcineurin protein level, the key signaling molecule for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. These effects of choline were abolished by the M3 mAChR-specific antagonist 4-DAMP. CONCLUSION Our study unraveled for the first time the cardioprotection of choline against cardiac hypertrophy, with correction of expression of miR-133a and calcineurin as a possible mechanism. Our findings suggest that choline supplement may be considered for adjunct anti-hypertrophy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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Effect of Selective Stimulation of Muscarinic M3 Cholinoceptors on Electrical and Contractile Activity of Rat Ventricular Myocardium. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 154:295-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-1934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Zhao X, Yao H, Yin HL, Zhu QL, Sun JL, Ma W, Shi YQ, Liang ZG, Li BX. Ginkgo biloba Extract and Ginkgolide Antiarrhythmic Potential by Targeting hERG and ICa-L Channel. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:318-27. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13118fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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M3-mAChR Stimulation Exerts Anti-apoptotic Effect Via Activating the HIF-1α/HO-1/VEGF Signaling Pathway in H9c2 Rat Ventricular Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 60:474-82. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31826c1c13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang S, Han HM, Pan ZW, Hang PZ, Sun LH, Jiang YN, Song HX, Du ZM, Liu Y. Choline inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular calcium signal and p38 MAPK pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:823-31. [PMID: 22569796 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Choline, an agonist of M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, is a precursor and metabolite of acetylcholine and is also a functional modulator of cellular membrane. However, the effect of choline on cardiac hypertrophy is not fully understood. The present study was therefore designed to explore whether choline could prevent cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and clarify its potential mechanisms. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by 0.6 mg kg(-1) day(-1) Ang II for 2 weeks in the presence or absence of choline pretreatment, while cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by Ang II 0.1 μM for 48 h. We found that choline pretreatment attenuated the increment cell size of cardiomyocytes induced by Ang II both in vivo and in vitro. The high ANP and β-MHC levels induced by Ang II were also reversed by choline in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, choline pretreatment prevented the augment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium concentration in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the upregulated phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcineurin levels by Ang II in ventricular myocytes were attenuated by choline. In conclusion, choline prevents Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of ROS-mediated p38 MAPK activation as well as regulation of Ca(2+)-mediated calcineurin signal transduction pathway. Our results provide new insights into the pharmacological role of choline in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
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Schwenke DO, Tokudome T, Kishimoto I, Horio T, Cragg PA, Shirai M, Kangawa K. One dose of ghrelin prevents the acute and sustained increase in cardiac sympathetic tone after myocardial infarction. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2436-43. [PMID: 22434083 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to the heart, which exacerbates chronic cardiac deterioration. The hormone ghrelin, if administered soon after an MI, prevents the increase in cardiac SNA and improves early survival prognosis. Whether these early beneficial effects of ghrelin also impact on cardiac function in chronic heart failure has not yet been addressed and thus was the aim of this study. MI was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by ligating the left coronary artery. One bolus of saline (n = 7) or ghrelin (150 μg/kg, sc, n = 9) was administered within 30 min of MI. Two weeks after the infarct (or sham; n = 7), rats were anesthetized and cardiac function was evaluated using a Millar pressure-volume conductance catheter. Cardiac SNA was measured using whole-nerve electrophysiological techniques. Untreated-MI rats had a high mortality rate (50%), evidence of severe cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction 28%; P < 0.001), and SNA was significantly elevated (102% increase; P = 0.03). In comparison, rats that received a single dose of ghrelin after the MI tended to have a lower mortality rate (25%; P = NS) and no increase in SNA, and cardiac dysfunction was attenuated (ejection fraction of 43%; P = 0.014). This study implicates ghrelin as a potential clinical treatment for acute MI but also highlights the importance of therapeutic intervention in the early stages after acute MI. Moreover, these results uncover an intricate causal relationship between early and chronic changes in the neural control of cardiac function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Wang S, Han HM, Jiang YN, Wang C, Song HX, Pan ZY, Fan K, Du J, Fan YH, Du ZM, Liu Y. Activation of cardiac M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors has cardioprotective effects against ischaemia-induced arrhythmias. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:343-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Hong-Mei Han
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Ya-Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Hao-Xin Song
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Zhen-Yu Pan
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
| | - Yu-Hua Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; China
| | - Zhi-Min Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics
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Pan Z, Guo Y, Qi H, Fan K, Wang S, Zhao H, Fan Y, Xie J, Guo F, Hou Y, Wang N, Huo R, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Du Z. M3 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor promotes cardioprotection via the suppression of miR-376b-5p. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32571. [PMID: 22396777 PMCID: PMC3292572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The M3 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3-mAChR) plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia and microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many cardiac pathophysiological processes, including ischemia-induced cardiac injury. However, the role of miRNAs in M3-mAChR mediated cardioprotection remains unexplored. The present study was designed to identify miRNAs that are involved in cardioprotective effects of M3-mAChR against myocardial ischemia and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We established rat model of myocardial ischemia and performed miRNA microarray analysis to identify miRNAs involved in the cardioprotection of M3-mAChR. In H9c2 cells, the viability, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), miR-376b-5p expression level, brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) levels were measured. Our results demonstrated that M3-mAChR protected myocardial ischemia injury. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that miR-376b-5p was significantly up-regulated in ischemic heart tissue and the M3-mAChRs agonist choline reversed its up-regulation. In vitro, miR-376b-5p promoted H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injuries measured by cells viability, [Ca2+]i and ROS. Western blot and luciferase assay identified BDNF as a direct target of miR-376b-5p. M3-mAChR activated NF-κB and thereby inhibited miR-376b-5p expression. Our data show that a novel M3-mAChR/NF-κB/miR-376b-5p/BDNF axis plays an important role in modulating cardioprotection. MiR-376b-5p promotes myocardial ischemia injury possibly by inhibiting BDNF expression and M3-mAChR provides cardioprotection at least partially mediated by the downregulation of miR-376b-5p through NF-κB. These findings provide new insight into the potential mechanism by which M3-mAChR provides cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yueping Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZD)
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZD)
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Abramochkin DV, Tapilina SV, Sukhova GS, Nikolsky EE, Nurullin LF. Functional M3 cholinoreceptors are present in pacemaker and working myocardium of murine heart. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:523-9. [PMID: 22350728 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of M3 cholinoreceptors and their role in mediation of action potential waveform modulation were determined by immunolabeling of receptor proteins and standard microelectrode technique, respectively. The sinoatrial node (SAN), which was determined as a connexin 43 negative area within the intercaval region, the surrounding atrial tissue, and the working ventricular myocardium exhibited labeling of both M3 and M2 receptors. However, the density of M3 and M2 labeling was about twofold higher in the SAN compared to working myocardium. The stimulation of M3 receptors was obtained by application of nonselective M1 and M3 muscarinic agonist pilocarpine (10(-5) M) in the presence of selective M2 blocker methoctramine (10(-7) M). Stimulation of M3 receptors provoked marked shortening of action potential duration in atrial and ventricular working myocardium. In the SAN, M3 stimulation leads to a significant reduction of sinus rhythm rate accompanied with slowing of diastolic depolarization and increase of action potential upstroke velocity. All electrophysiological effects of selective M3 stimulation were suppressed by specific blocker of M3 receptors 4-DAMP (10(-8) M). We conclude that M3 cholinoreceptors are present in pacemaker and working myocardium of murine heart, where they mediate negative cholinergic effects: slowing of sinus rhythm and shortening of action potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, Russia.
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Nicotinic stimulation induces Tristetraprolin over-production and attenuates inflammation in muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:368-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhao Q, Matsumoto K, Tsuneyama K, Tanaka K, Li F, Shibahara N, Miyata T, Yokozawa T. Diabetes-induced central cholinergic neuronal loss and cognitive deficit are attenuated by tacrine and a Chinese herbal prescription, kangen-karyu: elucidation in type 2 diabetes db/db mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 117:230-42. [PMID: 22083044 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11115fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of kangen-karyu (KK), a Chinese herbal prescription, on cognitive deficits and central cholinergic systems of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Seven-week-old db/db (Y-db/db) mice received daily administration of test drugs during an experimental period of 12 weeks. At 18 weeks of age (O-db/db), the animals underwent the water maze test. Compared with age-matched control strain mice (O-m/m), vehicle-treated O-db/db mice showed impaired learning and memory performance. KK (100 - 200 mg/kg per day) and the reference drug tacrine (THA: 2.5 mg/kg per day) ameliorated the performance of O-db/db mice without affecting their serum glucose level. O-db/db mice had lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and its protein in the brain than O-m/m mice. Expression levels of central cholinergic marker proteins in the hippocampus and the number of cholinergic cells in the medial septum and basal forebrain were also significantly lower in O-db/db than in O-m/m mice, whereas no significant differences in the expression levels of these factors and the cell number were found between Y-m/m and Y-db/db mice. KK and THA treatment significantly reversed the down-regulated levels of cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase-positive cell number, and BDNF expression in db/db mice. These findings suggest that KK as well as THA prevents diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating dysfunction of central cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Liu Y, Sun L, Pan Z, Bai Y, Wang N, Zhao J, Xu C, Li Z, Li B, Du Z, Lu Y, Gao X, Yang B. Overexpression of M₃ muscarinic receptor is a novel strategy for preventing sudden cardiac death in transgenic mice. Mol Med 2011; 17:1179-87. [PMID: 21785809 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the cardiac benefits of M₃ muscarinic receptor (M₃-mAChR) overexpression and whether these effects are related to the regulation of the inward rectifying K⁺ channel by microRNA-1 (miR-1) in a conditional overexpression mouse model. A cardiac-specific M₃-mAChR transgenic mouse model was successfully established for the first time in this study using microinjection, and the overexpression was confirmed by both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot techniques. We demonstrated that M₃-mAChR overexpression dramatically reduced the incidence of arrhythmias and decreased the mortality in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). By using whole-cell patch techniques, M₃-mAChR overexpression significantly shortened the action potential duration and restored the membrane repolarization by increasing the inward rectifying K⁺ current. By using Western blot techniques, M₃-mAChR overexpression also rescued the expression of the inward rectifying K⁺ channel subunit Kir2.1 after myocardial I/R injury. This result was accompanied by suppression of upregulation miR-1. We conclude that M₃-mAChR overexpression reduced the incidence of arrhythmias and mortality after myocardial I/R by protecting the myocardium from ischemia in mice. This effect may be mediated by increasing the inward rectifying K⁺ current by downregulation of arrhythmogenic miR-1 expression, which might partially be a novel strategy for antiarrhythmias, leading to sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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