1
|
Higgs M, McDonagh J, Sim J. Clinical practices for defining, detecting, and diagnosing postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary revascularization surgery - A scoping review. Aust Crit Care 2024:S1036-7314(24)00119-X. [PMID: 39060153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review was undertaken to understand the degree of variation in clinical practices associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), following coronary revascularization surgery by collating and synthesising key concepts from current published literature. REVIEW METHODS AND DATA SOURCES This scoping review was conducted following the framework outlined by Askey and O'Malley. Reporting of this scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Initial searches were completed in September 2020 and updated in January 2023. Comprehensive searches to identify relevant published literature were carried out within CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases. All searches were limited to full-text papers published in English with human adult participants. Deductive content analysis using NVivo software was performed to synthesise the data. RESULTS A total of 692 studies were identified during the database searches. After the deletion of duplicates and the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 73 studies were included in the scoping review. The included studies were published between 2001 and 2022 and included a total of 24,833 participants. Forty-six studies included a definition of POAF, with four of these citing a peak-body definition. A total of 24 included studies reported on electrocardiogram diagnostic criteria for POAF, with 13/24 [54%] describing these characteristics within their definition. The time-based diagnostic criteria ranged from a minimum duration of greater than 30 seconds to greater than 1 hour. The most frequently reported minimum-time thresholds were ≥30 seconds, reported in 12 of 51 (24%) studies and ≥5 min, reported in 13 of 51 (25%) studies. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of consistency in clinical practice for defining, detecting, and diagnosing POAF, following coronary revascularization surgery. Consensus and standardisation of clinical practices are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Higgs
- Southeastern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julee McDonagh
- The Centre for Chronic and Complex Care Research, Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia; School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, The University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jenny Sim
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, The University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hazra J, Vijayakumar A, Mahapatra NR. Emerging role of heat shock proteins in cardiovascular diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:271-306. [PMID: 36858739 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. They are ubiquitous proteins involved in key physiological and cellular pathways (viz. inflammation, immunity and apoptosis). Indeed, the survivability of the cells under various stressful conditions depends on appropriate levels of HSP expression. There is a growing line of evidence for the role of HSPs in regulating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (viz. hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy and heart failure). Furthermore, studies indicate that a higher concentration of circulatory HSP antibodies correlate to CVDs; some are even potential markers for CVDs. The multifaceted roles of HSPs in regulating cellular signaling necessitate unraveling their links to pathophysiology of CVDs. This review aims to consolidate our understanding of transcriptional (via multiple transcription factors including HSF-1, NF-κB, CREB and STAT3) and post-transcriptional (via microRNAs including miR-1, miR-21 and miR-24) regulation of HSPs. The cytoprotective nature of HSPs catapults them to the limelight as modulators of cell survival. Yet another attractive prospect is the development of new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases (from hypertension to heart failure) by targeting the regulation of HSPs. Moreover, this review provides insights into how genetic variation of HSPs can contribute to the manifestation of CVDs. It would also offer a bird's eye view of the evolving role of different HSPs in the modulation and manifestation of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Anupama Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Imbalzano E, Murdaca G, Orlando L, Gigliotti-De Fazio M, Terranova D, Tonacci A, Gangemi S. Alarmins as a Possible Target of Future Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415946. [PMID: 36555588 PMCID: PMC9780784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, worldwide, atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiovascular disease in adults, with a prevalence of 2% to 4%. The trigger of the pathophysiological mechanism of arrhythmia includes several factors that sustain and exacerbate the disease. Ectopic electrical conductivity, associated with the resulting atrial mechanical dysfunction, atrial remodeling, and fibrosis, promotes hypo-contractility and blood stasis, involving micro endothelial damage. This causes a significant local inflammatory reaction that feeds and sustains the arrhythmia. In our literature review, we evaluate the role of HMGB1 proteins, heat shock proteins, and S100 in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation, offering suggestions for possible new therapeutic strategies. We selected scientific publications on the specific topics "alarmins" and "atrial fibrillation" from PubMed. The nonsystematic review confirms the pivotal role of molecules such as S100 proteins, high-mobility group box-1, and heat shock proteins in the molecular pattern of atrial fibrillation. These results could be considered for new therapeutic opportunities, including inhibition of oxidative stress, evaluation of new anticoagulant drugs with novel therapeutic targets, molecular and genetic studies, and consideration of these alarmins as predictive or prognostic biomarkers of disease onset and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, n. Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0103537924; Fax: +39-0105556950
| | - Luana Orlando
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, n. Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Gigliotti-De Fazio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, n. Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Dario Terranova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, n. Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Junho CVC, Azevedo CAB, da Cunha RS, de Yurre AR, Medei E, Stinghen AEM, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Heat Shock Proteins: Connectors between Heart and Kidney. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081939. [PMID: 34440708 PMCID: PMC8391307 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the development of eukaryotic cells, intrinsic mechanisms have been developed in order to provide the ability to defend against aggressive agents. In this sense, a group of proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the production of several proteins, guaranteeing cell survival. The heat shock proteins (HSPs), are a family of proteins that have been linked to different cellular functions, being activated under conditions of cellular stress, not only imposed by thermal variation but also toxins, radiation, infectious agents, hypoxia, etc. Regarding pathological situations as seen in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), HSPs have been shown to be important mediators involved in the control of gene transcription and intracellular signaling, in addition to be an important connector with the immune system. CRS is classified as acute or chronic and according to the first organ to suffer the injury, which can be the heart (CRS type 1 and type 2), kidneys (CRS type 3 and 4) or both (CRS type 5). In all types of CRS, the immune system, redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue remodeling have been the subject of numerous studies in the literature in order to elucidate mechanisms and propose new therapeutic strategies. In this sense, HSPs have been targeted by researchers as important connectors between kidney and heart. Thus, the present review has a focus to present the state of the art regarding the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal alterations, as well their role in the kidney–heart axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Victória Cruz Junho
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Carolina Amaral Bueno Azevedo
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Ainhoa Rodriguez de Yurre
- Laboratory of Cardioimmunology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Laboratory of Cardioimmunology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Andréa Emilia Marques Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Marion DMS, Ramos KS, Lanters EAH, Bulte LBT, Bogers AJJC, de Groot NMS, Brundel BJJM. Atrial heat shock protein levels are associated with early postoperative and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1790-1798. [PMID: 34186247 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and staging of atrial fibrillation (AF) is of importance for clinical management. Serum (bio)markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSP), may enable AF staging and identify patients at risk for AF recurrence and postoperative AF (PoAF). OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the relation between serum and atrial tissue HSP levels, stages of AF, AF recurrence after treatment, and PoAF from patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS Patients without (control) and with paroxysmal, persistent (PerAF), or longstanding persistent (LSPerAF) AF were included. HSPB1, HSPA1, HSPB7, and HSPD1 levels were measured in serum obtained prior to and post intervention. HSPB1, HSPA1, HSPA5, HSPD1, HSPB5, and pHSF1 levels were measured in left and/or right atrial appendages (respectively, LAA and RAA). RESULTS In RAA, HSPA5 levels were significantly lower in LSPerAF and HSPD1 levels significantly higher in PerAF patients compared to controls. In RAA of controls who developed PoAF, HSPA1 and HSPA5 levels were significantly higher compared to those without PoAF. Also, HSPB1 RAA levels were lower and HSPA5 LAA levels higher in patients undergoing arrhythmia surgery who developed AF recurrence within 1 week after surgery compared to patients who did not. CONCLUSION HSPA5 RAA and HSPD1 RAA and LAA levels are altered in persistent stages of AF. RAA HSPA1 and HSPA5 levels associate with development of PoAF. Additionally, HSPB1 RAA and HSPA5 LAA levels can predict AF recurrence in patients who underwent arrhythmia surgery. Nevertheless, HSP levels in serum cannot discriminate AF stages from controls, nor predict PoAF or AF recurrence after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M S van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kennedy S Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A H Lanters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luciënne Baks-Te Bulte
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Wijk SW, Ramos KS, Brundel BJJM. Cardioprotective Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Atrial Fibrillation: From Mechanism of Action to Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010442. [PMID: 33466228 PMCID: PMC7795054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with ischemic stroke, heart failure, and substantial morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, current AF therapy is only moderately effective and does not prevent AF progression from recurrent intermittent episodes (paroxysmal) to persistent and finally permanent AF. It has been recognized that AF persistence is related to the presence of electropathology. Electropathology is defined as structural damage, including degradation of sarcomere structures, in the atrial tissue which, in turn, impairs electrical conduction and subsequently the contractile function of atrial cardiomyocytes. Recent research findings indicate that derailed proteostasis underlies structural damage and, consequently, electrical conduction impairment. A healthy proteostasis is of vital importance for proper function of cells, including cardiomyocytes. Cells respond to a loss of proteostatic control by inducing a heat shock response (HSR), which results in heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Emerging clinical evidence indicates that AF-induced proteostasis derailment is rooted in exhaustion of HSPs. Cardiomyocytes lose defense against structural damage-inducing pathways, which drives progression of AF and induction of HSP expression. In particular, small HSPB1 conserves sarcomere structures by preventing their degradation by proteases, and overexpression of HSPB1 accelerates recovery from structural damage in experimental AF model systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of HSPs in preventing AF and discuss the therapeutic potential of HSP-inducing compounds in clinical AF, as well as the potential of HSPs as biomarkers to discriminate between the various stages of AF and recurrence of AF after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stan W. van Wijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kennedy S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.R.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Marion DMS, Lanters EAH, Ramos KS, Li J, Wiersma M, Baks-te Bulte L, J. Q. M. Muskens A, Boersma E, de Groot NMS, Brundel BJJM. Evaluating Serum Heat Shock Protein Levels as Novel Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation. Cells 2020; 9:E2105. [PMID: 32947824 PMCID: PMC7564530 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staging of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential to understanding disease progression and the accompanied increase in therapy failure. Blood-based heat shock protein (HSP) levels may enable staging of AF and the identification of patients with higher risk for AF recurrence after treatment. Objective: This study evaluates the relationship between serum HSP levels, presence of AF, AF stage and AF recurrence following electrocardioversion (ECV) or pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods: To determine HSP27, HSP70, cardiovascular (cv)HSP and HSP60 levels, serum samples were collected from control patients without AF and patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), persistent (PeAF) and longstanding persistent (LSPeAF) AF, presenting for ECV or PVI, prior to intervention and at 3-, 6- and 12-months post-PVI. Results: The study population (n = 297) consisted of 98 control and 199 AF patients admitted for ECV (n = 98) or PVI (n = 101). HSP27, HSP70, cvHSP and HSP60 serum levels did not differ between patients without or with PAF, PeAF or LSPeAF. Additionally, baseline HSP levels did not correlate with AF recurrence after ECV or PVI. However, in AF patients with AF recurrence, HSP27 levels were significantly elevated post-PVI relative to baseline, compared to patients without recurrence. Conclusions: No association was observed between baseline HSP levels and the presence of AF, AF stage or AF recurrence. However, HSP27 levels were increased in serum samples of patients with AF recurrence within one year after PVI, suggesting that HSP27 levels may predict recurrence of AF after ablative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M. S. van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
| | - Eva A. H. Lanters
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.H.L.); (A.J.Q.M.M.); (E.B.); (N.M.S.d.G.)
| | - Kennedy S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.H.L.); (A.J.Q.M.M.); (E.B.); (N.M.S.d.G.)
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luciënne Baks-te Bulte
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
| | - Agnes J. Q. M. Muskens
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.H.L.); (A.J.Q.M.M.); (E.B.); (N.M.S.d.G.)
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.H.L.); (A.J.Q.M.M.); (E.B.); (N.M.S.d.G.)
| | - Natasja M. S. de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.H.L.); (A.J.Q.M.M.); (E.B.); (N.M.S.d.G.)
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.M.S.v.M.); (K.S.R.); (J.L.); (M.W.); (L.B.-t.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common progressive and age-related cardiac arrhythmia, affects millions of people worldwide. AF is associated with common risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, and serious complications such as stroke and heart failure. Notably, AF is progressive in nature, and because current treatment options are mainly symptomatic, they have only a moderate effect on prevention of arrhythmia progression. Hereto, there is an urgent unmet need to develop mechanistic treatments directed at root causes of AF. Recent research findings indicate a key role for inflammasomes and derailed proteostasis as root causes of AF. Here, we elaborate on the molecular mechanisms of these 2 emerging key pathways driving the pathogenesis of AF. First the role of NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome on AF pathogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling is discussed. Then we highlight pathways of proteostasis derailment, including exhaustion of cardioprotective heat shock proteins, disruption of cytoskeletal proteins via histone deacetylases, and the recently discovered DNA damage-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ depletion to underlie AF. Moreover, potential interactions between the inflammasomes and proteostasis pathways are discussed and possible therapeutic targets within these pathways indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- From the Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Research) (N.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (N.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (B.J.J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ye B, Fan C, Shen Y, Wang Q, Hu H, Xiang M. The Antioxidative Role of Autophagy in Hearing Loss. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1010. [PMID: 30686976 PMCID: PMC6333736 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular mechanism, plays an essential role in the development and pathology of many central and peripheral nervous system diseases. The auditory system, especially hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear, are postmitotic cells, which are extremely reliant on cellular homeostasis and energy supply. Therefore, autophagy may be involved in contributing to and facilitating the normal function of inner ear cells. Recently, studies on hearing loss induced by ototoxic drugs, noise exposure and other factors have revealed that autophagy could serve in an antioxidative capacity and could possess the potential to treat sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Therefore, here we review previous studies concerning autophagy and SNHL to gain insight into the role of autophagic mechanisms in inner ear disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han M, Zhao M, Cheng C, Huang Y, Han S, Li W, Tu X, Luo X, Yu X, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren X, Wang QK, Ke T. Lamin A mutation impairs interaction with nucleoporin NUP155 and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport in atrial fibrillation. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:310-325. [PMID: 30488537 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we show the identification and functional characterization of one AF-associated mutation p.Arg399Cys in lamin A/C. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays demonstrate that lamin A/C interacts with NUP155, which is a nucleoporin and causes AF when mutated. Lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys impairs the interaction between lamin A/C and NUP155, and increases extractability of NUP155 from the nuclear envelope (NE). Mutation p.Arg399Cys leads to aggregation of lamin A/C in the nucleus, although it does not impair the integrity of NE upon cellular stress. Mutation p.Arg399Cys inhibits the export of HSP70 mRNA and the nuclear import of HSP70 protein. Electrophysiological studies show that mutation p.Arg399Cys decreases the peak cardiac sodium current by decreasing the cell surface expression level of cardiac sodium channel Nav 1.5, but does not affect IKr potassium current. In conclusion, our results indicate that lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys weakens the interaction between nuclear lamina (lamin A/C) and the nuclear pore complex (NUP155), leading to the development of AF. The findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengna Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tie Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Shi Q, Ma Y, Liu Q. The role of immune cells in atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
12
|
Ranek MJ, Stachowski MJ, Kirk JA, Willis MS. The role of heat shock proteins and co-chaperones in heart failure. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0530. [PMID: 29203715 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing contractile and metabolic demands of the heart require a tight control over protein quality control, including the maintenance of protein folding, turnover and synthesis. In heart disease, increases in mechanical and oxidative stresses, post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation), for example, decrease protein stability to favour misfolding in myocardial infarction, heart failure or ageing. These misfolded proteins are toxic to cardiomyocytes, directly contributing to the common accumulation found in human heart failure. One of the critical class of proteins involved in protecting the heart against these threats are molecular chaperones, including the heat shock protein70 (HSP70), HSP90 and co-chaperones CHIP (carboxy terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein, encoded by the Stub1 gene) and BAG-3 (BCL2-associated athanogene 3). Here, we review their emerging roles in the maintenance of cardiomyocytes in human and experimental models of heart failure, including their roles in facilitating the removal of misfolded and degraded proteins, inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere and regulation of nuclear receptors. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence of increased expression of extracellular HSP70, HSP90 and BAG-3 in heart failure, with complementary independent roles from intracellular functions with important therapeutic and diagnostic considerations. While our understanding of these major HSPs in heart failure is incomplete, there is a clear potential role for therapeutic modulation of HSPs in heart failure with important contextual considerations to counteract the imbalance of protein damage and endogenous protein quality control systems.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marisa J Stachowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, CB#7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
HSP70: therapeutic potential in acute and chronic cardiac disease settings. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2177-2183. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. The best studied heat shock protein is HSP70, which is known to act as a molecular chaperone to maintain cellular homeostasis and inhibit protein aggregation in response to stress. While early animal studies suggested that increasing HSP70 in the heart (using a transgenic, gene transfer or pharmacological approach) provided cardiac protection against acute cardiac stress, recent studies have found no benefit of increasing HSP70 in mouse models of chronic cardiac stress. As HSP70 has been considered a potential therapeutic target, it is important to comprehensively assess HSP70 therapies in preclinical models of acute and chronic cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bernardo BC, Sapra G, Patterson NL, Cemerlang N, Kiriazis H, Ueyama T, Febbraio MA, McMullen JR. Long-Term Overexpression of Hsp70 Does Not Protect against Cardiac Dysfunction and Adverse Remodeling in a MURC Transgenic Mouse Model with Chronic Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145173. [PMID: 26660322 PMCID: PMC4680216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies had shown that increasing heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) using a transgenic, gene therapy or pharmacological approach provided cardiac protection in models of acute cardiac stress. Furthermore, clinical studies had reported associations between Hsp70 levels and protection against atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia presenting in cardiology clinics and is associated with increased rates of heart failure and stroke. Improved therapies for AF and heart failure are urgently required. Despite promising observations in animal studies which targeted Hsp70, we recently reported that increasing Hsp70 was unable to attenuate cardiac dysfunction and pathology in a mouse model which develops heart failure and intermittent AF. Given our somewhat unexpected finding and the extensive literature suggesting Hsp70 provides cardiac protection, it was considered important to assess whether Hsp70 could provide protection in another mouse model of heart failure and AF. The aim of the current study was to determine whether increasing Hsp70 could attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, cardiac dysfunction and episodes of arrhythmia in a mouse model of heart failure and AF due to overexpression of Muscle-Restricted Coiled-Coil (MURC). Cardiac function and pathology were assessed in mice at approximately 12 months of age. We report here, that chronic overexpression of Hsp70 was unable to provide protection against cardiac dysfunction, conduction abnormalities, fibrosis or characteristic molecular markers of the failing heart. In summary, elevated Hsp70 may provide protection in acute cardiac stress settings, but appears insufficient to protect the heart under chronic cardiac disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Sapra
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Nelly Cemerlang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Tomomi Ueyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602–8566, Japan
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu L, Zhang L, Liu M, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhang Z. GRK5 Polymorphisms and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12768. [PMID: 26235218 PMCID: PMC4522662 DOI: 10.1038/srep12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a serious yet common complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Previous study have identified multiple genetic susceptibility loci for POAF susceptibility after CABG, although some studies are under-powered. However, none of these studies have been conducted among Asians. In current study, we aim to systematically evaluated the previous positive findings for POAF susceptibility after CABG among Chinese population, using a large population-based, two-stage, case-cohort study. From a discovery cohort of 1,348 patients, a total of nine independent loci were evaluated. Six significant SNPs were then assessed in a separately collected validation cohort of 2,000 patients. After adjustment for clinical predictors of POAF, two variants in GRK5 gene (rs4752292, and rs11198893) were replicated with significance were replicated in the validation cohort. The ORs for each additional copy of minor allele were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15-1.50, P = 5.82 × 10(-5)) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.28-1.69, P = 1.16 × 10(-7)), respectively. In this two-stage independently collected cardiac surgery cohorts, genetic variations in the GRK5 gene are independently associated with POAF risk in patients who undergo CABG surgery in Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of cardiac surgery, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| | - Yanqun Zhang
- Department of cadre health care, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| | - Xia Han
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People’s Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, China 271100
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Henstridge DC, Estevez E, Allen TL, Heywood SE, Gardner T, Yang C, Mellett NA, Kingwell BA, Meikle PJ, Febbraio MA. Genetic manipulation of cardiac Hsp72 levels does not alter substrate metabolism but reveals insights into high-fat feeding-induced cardiac insulin resistance. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:461-72. [PMID: 25618331 PMCID: PMC4406940 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) protects cells against a variety of stressors, and multiple studies have suggested that Hsp72 plays a cardioprotective role. As skeletal muscle Hsp72 overexpression can protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, alterations in substrate metabolism may be a mechanism by which Hsp72 is cardioprotective. We investigated the impact of transgenically overexpressing (Hsp72 Tg) or deleting Hsp72 (Hsp72 KO) on various aspects of cardiac metabolism. Mice were fed a normal chow (NC) or HFD for 12 weeks from 8 weeks of age to examine the impact of diet-induced obesity on metabolic parameters in the heart. The HFD resulted in an increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation and a decrease in cardiac glucose oxidation and insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose clearance; however, there was no difference in Hsp72 Tg or Hsp72 KO mice in these rates compared with their respective wild-type control mice. Although HFD-induced cardiac insulin resistance was not rescued in the Hsp72 Tg mice, it was preserved in the skeletal muscle, suggesting tissue-specific effects of Hsp72 overexpression on substrate metabolism. Comparison of two different strains of mice (BALB/c vs. C57BL/6J) also identified strain-specific differences in regard to HFD-induced cardiac lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. These strain differences suggest that cardiac lipid accumulation can be dissociated from cardiac insulin resistance. Our study finds that genetic manipulation of Hsp72 does not lead to alterations in metabolic processes in cardiac tissue under resting conditions, but identifies mouse strain-specific differences in cardiac lipid accumulation and insulin-stimulated glucose clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Is there any relationship between polymorphism of Heat Shock Protein 70 genes and Pemphigus foliaceus? Immunol Lett 2015; 164:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Wang J, Chen R, Tang S, Lv X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Gao P, Tu D, Chen D, Zhan S. Analysis of IL-6, STAT3 and HSPA1L gene polymorphisms in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis in a nested case-control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118862. [PMID: 25789467 PMCID: PMC4366259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of IL-6, STAT3 and HSPA1L polymorphisms with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis (ATDH) in Chinese Han population. METHODS The study was designed as a nested case-control study within a prospective cohort. Each case was matched with four controls by sex, age at baseline (±5 years), treatment history, disease severity, drug dosage and place of sample collection. Genetic polymorphisms of IL-6, STAT3 and HSPA1L were determined blindly by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated by conditional logistic regression model to measure the association between selected SNPs and the risk of ATDH. RESULTS A total of 89 incident ATDH cases and 356 ATDH-free controls were genotyped for IL-6 (rs2066992, rs2069837, rs1524107), STAT3 (rs1053004, rs1053023, rs1053005) and HSPA1L (rs2227956). In genotype analysis, no significant difference was observed in genotypes frequencies of the seven selected SNPs between case and control group after Bonferroni correction. In haplotype analysis, carriers with STAT3 GAT and AGC (rs1053023-rs1053005-rs1053004) haplotypes had a significantly higher risk of ATDH compared with wild-type haplotype (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that genetic variants of STAT3 might contribute to ATDH susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Studies in larger, varied populations are required to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, and Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Tu
- Department of Tuberculosis Treatment, Beijing Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mutations in HSP70-2 gene change the susceptibility to clinical mastitis in Chinese Holstein. Gene 2015; 559:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the development of preventative therapies for AF has been disappointing. The infiltration of immune cells and proteins that mediate the inflammatory response in cardiac tissue and circulatory processes is associated with AF. Furthermore, the presence of inflammation in the heart or systemic circulation can predict the onset of AF and recurrence in the general population, as well as in patients after cardiac surgery, cardioversion, and catheter ablation. Mediators of the inflammatory response can alter atrial electrophysiology and structural substrates, thereby leading to increased vulnerability to AF. Inflammation also modulates calcium homeostasis and connexins, which are associated with triggers of AF and heterogeneous atrial conduction. Myolysis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the activation of fibrotic pathways via fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteases are also mediated by inflammatory pathways, which can all contribute to structural remodelling of the atria. The development of thromboembolism, a detrimental complication of AF, is also associated with inflammatory activity. Understanding the complex pathophysiological processes and dynamic changes of AF-associated inflammation might help to identify specific anti-inflammatory strategies for the prevention of AF.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
The small-molecule BGP-15 protects against heart failure and atrial fibrillation in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5705. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
23
|
Jeff JM, Donahue BS, Brown-Gentry K, Roden DM, Crawford DC, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Genetic variation in the β1-adrenergic receptor is associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 2014; 167:101-108.e1. [PMID: 24332148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) after cardiac surgery is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Increased sympathetic activation after surgery contributes to PoAF, and β-blockers are the first-line recommendation for its prevention. We examined the hypothesis that common functional genetic variants in the β1-adrenoreceptor, the mediator of cardiac sympathetic activation and drug target of β-blockers, are associated with the risk for PoAF and with the protective effect of β-blockers. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, we studied 947 adult European Americans who underwent cardiac surgery at Vanderbilt University between 1999 and 2005. We genotyped 2 variants in the β1-adrenoreceptor, rs1801253 (Arg389Gly) and rs1801252 (Ser49Gly), and used logistic regression to examine the association between genotypes and PoAF occurring within 14 days after surgery, before and after adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurred in 239 patients (25.2%) and was associated with rs1801253 genotype (adjusted P = .008), with Gly389Gly having an odds ratio of 2.63 (95% CI 1.42-4.89) for PoAF compared to the common Arg389Arg (P = .002). In a predefined subgroup analysis, this association appeared to be stronger among patients without β-blocker prophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio 7.00, 95% CI 1.82-26.96, P = .005) compared to patients with β-blocker prophylaxis, among whom the association between rs1801253 genotype and PoAF was not statistically significant (adjusted P = .11). CONCLUSION The Gly389 variant in the β1-adrenoreceptor is associated with PoAF, and this association appears to be modulated by β-blocker therapy. Future studies of the association of other adrenergic pathway genes with PoAF will be of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina M Jeff
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian S Donahue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Dan M Roden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - C Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Preoperative Serum Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Predict Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:800-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
25
|
Kornej J, Reinhardt C, Kosiuk J, Arya A, Hindricks G, Adams V, Husser D, Bollmann A. Response of circulating heat shock protein 70 and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Transl Med 2013; 11:49. [PMID: 23432758 PMCID: PMC3599085 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This pilot study investigated the association between heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and anti-HSP70 antibodies as well as their changes and rhythm outcome after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. Methods We studied 67 patients with AF (59±11 years, 66% male, 66% lone AF) undergoing catheter ablation. Circulating HSP70 and anti-HSP70 antibody levels were quantified using commercially available assays before and 6 months after catheter ablation. Serial 7-day Holter ECGs were used to detect AF recurrences. Results At baseline, HSP70 was detectable in 14 patients (21%), but there was no correlation between clinical or echocardiographic variables and the presence or the level of HSP70. In contrast, patients with paroxysmal AF (n=39) showed lower anti-HSP70 antibodies (median [IQR] of 43 [28 – 62] μg/ml) than patients with persistent AF (n=28; 53 [41 – 85] μg/ml, p=0.035). Using multivariable regression analysis, AF type was the only variable associated with anti-HSP70 antibodies (Beta=0.342, p=0.008). At 6 months, HSP70 was present in 27 patients (41%, p<0.001 vs. baseline). Similarly, there was an increase of anti-HSP70 antibodies (48 [36 – 72] vs. 57 [43 – 87] μg/ml, p<0.001). AF recurrence rates were higher in patients with HSP70 increase ≥0.025 ng/ml (32 vs. 11%, p=0.038) or anti-HSP70 increase ≥2.5 μg/ml (26 vs. 4%, p=0.033). Conclusions HSP70 and anti-HSP70 antibodies may – at least in part – be associated in the progression of AF and AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Strümpellstr, 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gomez-Cavazos JS, Hetzer MW. Outfits for different occasions: tissue-specific roles of Nuclear Envelope proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:775-83. [PMID: 22995343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear Envelope (NE) contains over 100 different proteins that associate with nuclear components such as chromatin, the lamina and the transcription machinery. Mutations in genes encoding NE proteins have been shown to result in tissue-specific defects and disease, suggesting cell-type specific differences in NE composition and function. Consistent with these observations, recent studies have revealed unexpected functions for numerous NE associated proteins during cell differentiation and development. Here we review the latest insights into the roles played by the NE in cell differentiation, development, disease and aging, focusing primarily on inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins and nuclear pore components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Gomez-Cavazos
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, 10010N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, 92037 CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Tanguay RM, He M, Deng Q, Miao X, Zhou L, Wu T. Variants of HSPA1A in combination with plasma Hsp70 and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels associated with higher risk of acute coronary syndrome. Cardiology 2011; 119:57-64. [PMID: 21849784 DOI: 10.1159/000329917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It was the aim of our study to investigate whether polymorphisms of HSP70 have an affect on antigen and antibody levels in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and normal controls, and the possible joint effect of variants and antigen and antibody levels on the risk of ACS. METHODS Three single nucleotide polymorphisms of HSPA1A and HSPA1L were evaluated in 520 ACS patients and 520 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels were determined using ELISA. RESULTS Individuals with +190G/C (rs1043618) CC genotype in HSPA1A had higher levels of eHsp70 in controls and lower levels of anti-Hsp70 body in ACS, compared with +190G/C GG carriers. Significantly increased ACS risks of 2.93 and 3.53 fold were found in subjects with the +190G/C CC genotype and high eHsp70 levels or low anti-Hsp70 antibody levels, respectively. The highest risk of ACS was found in subjects with +190G/C CC genotypes, high eHsp70 and low anti-Hsp70 antibody levels compared with those in the reference group (OR = 7.57, 95% CI 3.04-18.87). CONCLUSIONS The +190G/C polymorphism of HSPA1A may contribute to influence eHsp70 levels in controls and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels in ACS, and the +190G/C genotypes, eHsp70 and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels may have a joint effect on the risk of ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ucisik-Akkaya E, Davis CF, Gorodezky C, Alaez C, Dorak MT. HLA complex-linked heat shock protein genes and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia susceptibility. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:475-85. [PMID: 20012387 PMCID: PMC3006629 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Three heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes, HSPA1L, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B, are located within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class III region. HSPs act as stress signals and regulate natural killer cell response to cancer. HSP70 gene polymorphisms show disease associations partly due to their linkage disequilibrium with HLA alleles. To systematically evaluate their associations with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we examined the three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2227956 (T493M) in HSPA1L, rs1043618 in HSPA1A 5'UTR, and rs1061581 (Q351Q) in HSPA1B by TaqMan assays or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 114 ALL cases and 414 controls from Wales (UK), in 100 Mexican Mestizo ALL cases and 253 controls belonging to the same ethnic group, and in a panel of 82 HLA-typed reference cell line samples. Homozygosity for HSPA1B rs1061581 minor allele G was associated with protection (odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16-0.78; P = 0.007) with gene-dosage effect (additive model) reaching significance (P = 0.0001) in the Welsh case-control group. This association was replicated in the second case-control group from Mexico (OR (recessive model) = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24-0.96; P = 0.03), and the pooled analysis yielded a strong association (Mantel-Haenszel OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.27-0.69, P = 0.0004). The association was stronger in males in each group and in the pooled analysis. A three-SNP haplotype including the major allele A of rs1061581 showed a highly significant increase in Welsh cases compared with respective controls (6.7% vs 1.8%; P = 0.0003) due to the difference between male cases and controls. The protective allele of rs1061581 occurred more frequently on the HLA-DRB3 haplotypes (especially DRB1*03) in the cell line panel, but the HSPA1B association was independent from the HLA-DRB4 association previously detected in the same case-control group from Wales (adjusted P = 0.001). Given the cancer promoting roles played by HSPs intracellularly as well as roles in immune surveillance when expressed on the cell surface and the known correlations between expression levels and the HSP polymorphisms, these results are likely to indicate a primary association and warrant detailed assessment in childhood ALL development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ucisik-Akkaya
- Genomic Immunoepidemiology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, The Institute for Genetic Immunology, 2439 Kuser Road, Hamilton, NJ 08690-3303 USA
| | - Charronne F. Davis
- Genomic Immunoepidemiology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, The Institute for Genetic Immunology, 2439 Kuser Road, Hamilton, NJ 08690-3303 USA
| | - Clara Gorodezky
- The Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (InDRE), Secretary of Health, Mexico, D.F. 11340 Mexico
| | - Carmen Alaez
- The Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (InDRE), Secretary of Health, Mexico, D.F. 11340 Mexico
| | - M. Tevfik Dorak
- Genomic Immunoepidemiology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, The Institute for Genetic Immunology, 2439 Kuser Road, Hamilton, NJ 08690-3303 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Recent studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have identified mutations in a series of ion channels; however, these mutations appear to be relatively rare causes of AF. A genome-wide association study has identified novel variants on chromosome 4 associated with AF, although the mechanism of action for these variants remains unknown. Ultimately, a greater understanding of the genetics of AF should yield insights into novel pathways, therapeutic targets, and diagnostic testing for this common arrhythmia.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pretorius L, Du XJ, Woodcock EA, Kiriazis H, Lin RCY, Marasco S, Medcalf RL, Ming Z, Head GA, Tan JW, Cemerlang N, Sadoshima J, Shioi T, Izumo S, Lukoshkova EV, Dart AM, Jennings GL, McMullen JR. Reduced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p110alpha) activation increases the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:998-1009. [PMID: 19679877 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia presenting at cardiology departments. A limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of AF has hindered treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess whether reduced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K, p110alpha) makes the compromised heart susceptible to AF. Risk factors for AF, including aging, obesity, and diabetes, have been associated with insulin resistance that leads to depressed/defective PI3K signaling. However, to date, there has been no link between PI3K(p110alpha) and AF. To address this question, we crossed a cardiac-specific transgenic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a cardiac-specific transgenic mouse expressing a dominant negative mutant of PI3K (dnPI3K; reduces PI3K activity). Adult ( approximately 4.5 months) double-transgenic (dnPI3K-DCM), single-transgenic (DCM-Tg, dnPI3K-Tg), and nontransgenic mice were subjected to morphological, functional/ECG, microarray, and biochemical analyses. dnPI3K-DCM mice developed AF and had depressed cardiac function as well as greater atrial enlargement and fibrosis than DCM-Tg mice. AF was not detected in other groups. Aged DCM-Tg mice ( approximately 15 months) with a similar phenotype to dnPI3K-DCM mice (4.5 months) did not develop AF, suggesting loss of PI3K activity directly contributed to the AF phenotype. Furthermore, increasing PI3K activity reduced atrial fibrosis and improved cardiac conduction in DCM-Tg mice. Finally, in atrial appendages from patients with AF, PI3K activation was lower compared with tissue from patients in sinus rhythm. These results suggest a link between PI3K(p110alpha) and AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Pretorius
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Kilda Rd. Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Recent studies of AF have identified mutations in a series of ion channels; however, these mutations appear to be relatively rare causes of AF. A genome-wide association study has identified novel variants on chromosome 4 associated with AF, although the mechanism of action for these variants remains unknown. Ultimately, a greater understanding of the genetics of AF should yield insights into novel pathways, therapeutic targets, and diagnostic testing for this common arrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Jong PR, Schadenberg AWL, Jansen NJG, Prakken BJ. Hsp70 and cardiac surgery: molecular chaperone and inflammatory regulator with compartmentalized effects. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:117-31. [PMID: 18668350 PMCID: PMC2727984 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Open heart surgery is a unique model to study the interplay between cellular injury, regulation of inflammatory responses and tissue repair. Stress-inducible heat shock protein 70-kDa (Hsp70) provides a molecular link between these events. In addition to molecular chaperoning, Hsp70 exerts modulatory effects on endothelial cells and leukocytes involved in inflammatory networks. Hsp70 residing in the intracellular compartment is part of an inhibitory feedback loop that acts on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). In contrast, extracellular Hsp70 is recognized by multiple germline-encoded immune receptors, e.g., Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, LOX-1, CD91, CD94, CCR5 and CD40. Hsp70 is thereby able to enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cytolytic activity of innate immune cells and stimulate antigen-specific responses. These apparent contradictory pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous Hsp70 in the context of cardiac surgery are still not fully understood. An all-embracing model of the compartmentalized effects of endogenous Hsp70 in the orchestration of inflammatory responses in cardiac surgery is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petrus R. de Jong
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin W. L. Schadenberg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J. G. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berent J. Prakken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang X, Chen S, Yoo S, Chakrabarti S, Zhang T, Ke T, Oberti C, Yong SL, Fang F, Li L, de la Fuente R, Wang L, Chen Q, Wang QK. Mutation in nuclear pore component NUP155 leads to atrial fibrillation and early sudden cardiac death. Cell 2008; 135:1017-27. [PMID: 19070573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of sustained clinical arrhythmia. We previously mapped an AF locus to chromosome 5p13 in an AF family with sudden death in early childhood. Here we show that the specific AF gene underlying this linkage is NUP155, which encodes a member of the nucleoporins, the components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). We have identified a homozygous mutation, R391H, in NUP155 that cosegregates with AF, affects nuclear localization of NUP155, and reduces nuclear envelope permeability. Homozygous NUP155(-/-) knockout mice die before E8.5, but heterozygous NUP155(+/-) mice show the AF phenotype. The R391H mutation and reduction of NUP155 are associated with inhibition of both export of Hsp70 mRNA and nuclear import of Hsp70 protein. These human and mouse studies indicate that loss of NUP155 function causes AF by altering mRNA and protein transport and link the NPC to cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Zhang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore recent findings on the treatment and outcome of cardiac arrhythmias and how they affect ICU activities. RECENT FINDINGS The rate vs. rhythm control debate for the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation continues. It is still unclear whether the postcardiac surgery inflammatory response contributes to the development of atrial fibrillation. In noncardiothoracic surgery/trauma patients hospitalized in an ICU, new-onset supraventricular arrhythmias are associated with markedly elevated mortality when compared with patients with a prior history of such arrhythmias and patients who do not develop arrhythmias. The onset of new supraventricular arrhythmias in such patients appears to be a manifestation of multiple system organ failure as it is closely associated with sepsis. Cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmias with biphasic waveforms is being studied to determine whether it is more effective than cardioversion with monophasic waveforms. SUMMARY Supraventricular arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, occur frequently in ICU patients. Intensivists not only treat atrial fibrillation itself but also its complications and the complications of the therapies used to prevent these complications. In ICU patients, ventricular arrhythmias have ominous implications because they usually portend either a major cardiac or a systemic dysfunction or both.
Collapse
|
35
|
Variations in HSP70 genes associated with noise-induced hearing loss in two independent populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 17:329-35. [PMID: 18813331 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most important occupational health hazards. Millions of people worldwide are exposed daily to harmful levels of noise. NIHL is a complex disease resulting from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Although the environmental risk factors have been studied extensively, little is known about the genetic factors. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are induced after exposure to severe noise. When first induced by exposure to moderate sound levels, they can protect the ear from damage from excessive noise exposure. This protection is highly variable between individuals. An association of HSP70 genes with NIHL has been described by Yang et al (2006) in a Chinese sample set of noise-exposed workers. In this study, three polymorphisms (rs1043618, rs1061581 and rs2227956) in HSP70-1, HSP70-2 and HSP70-hom, respectively, were genotyped in 206 Swedish and 238 Polish DNA samples of noise-exposed subjects and analyzed. One SNP, rs2227956 in HSP70-hom, resulted in a significant association with NIHL in both sample sets. In addition, rs1043618 and rs1061581 were significant in the Swedish sample set. Analysis of the haplotypes composed of the three SNPs revealed significant associations between NIHL and haplotype GAC in both sample sets and with haplotype CGT in the Swedish sample set. In conclusion, this study replicated the association of HSP70 genes with NIHL in a second and third independent noise-exposed sample set, hereby adding to the evidence that HSP70 genes may be NIHL susceptibility genes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodrigo R, Cereceda M, Castillo R, Asenjo R, Zamorano J, Araya J, Castillo-Koch R, Espinoza J, Larraín E. Prevention of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: basis for a novel therapeutic strategy based on non-hypoxic myocardial preconditioning. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 118:104-27. [PMID: 18346791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common complication of cardiac surgical procedures performed with cardiopulmonary bypass. It contributes to increased hospital length of stay and treatment costs. At present, preventive strategies offer only suboptimal benefits, despite improvements in anesthesia, surgical technique, and medical therapy. The pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation is considered to be multifactorial. However oxidative stress is a major contributory factor representing the unavoidable consequences of ischemia/reperfusion cycle occurring in this setting. Considerable evidence suggests the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenic mechanism of this arrhythmia. Interestingly, the deleterious consequences of high ROS exposure, such as inflammation, cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) or fibrosis, may be abrogated by a myocardial preconditioning process caused by previous exposure to moderate ROS concentration known to trigger survival response mechanisms. The latter condition may be created by n-3 PUFA supplementation that could give rise to an adaptive response characterized by increased expression of myocardial antioxidant enzymes and/or anti-apoptotic pathways. In addition, a further reinforcement of myocardial antioxidant defenses could be obtained through vitamins C and E supplementation, an intervention also known to diminish enzymatic ROS production. Based on this paradigm, this review presents clinical and experimental evidence supporting the pathophysiological and molecular basis for a novel therapeutic approach aimed to diminish the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation through a non-hypoxic preconditioning plus a reinforcement of the antioxidant defense system in the myocardial tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|