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Mandal PK, Dwivedi D, Joon S, Goel A, Ahasan Z, Maroon JC, Singh P, Saxena R, Roy RG. Quantitation of Brain and Blood Glutathione and Iron in Healthy Age Groups Using Biophysical and In Vivo MR Spectroscopy: Potential Clinical Application. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37257017 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and pro-oxidant iron levels play a balancing role in the modulation of oxidative stress (OS). There is a significant depletion of GSH in the left hippocampus (LH) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with concomitant elevation of iron level. However, the correlation of GSH and iron distribution patterns between the brain and the peripheral system (blood) is not yet known. We measured GSH and magnetic susceptibility (e.g., iron) in the LH region along with GSH in plasma and iron in serum across four age groups consisting of healthy volunteers (age range 18-72 y, n = 70). We report non-variability of the mean GSH in the plasma and LH region across mentioned age groups. The mean iron level in the LH region does not change, but the iron level in the serum in the 51-72 y age group increases non-significantly. Regression analysis of our data indicated that GSH and iron levels (both in blood and in brain) are not related to age. This research pave the way for the identification of a risk/susceptibility biomarker for AD and Parkinson's disease from the evaluation of GSH (in plasma) and iron (in serum) levels concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Divya Dwivedi
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
| | - Shallu Joon
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
| | - Anshika Goel
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Padam Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, 122052 Haryana, India
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Bawa KK, Ba J, Kiss A, Wang R, Feng V, Swardfager W, Andreazza A, Gallagher D, Marotta G, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL. Lipid Peroxidation as a Marker of Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Patients at Risk for Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:733-743. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The co-occurrence of apathy and executive dysfunction, a correlate of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), is highly prevalent, yet facilitating factors are largely unknown. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between lipid peroxidation, apathy, and executive dysfunction in patients at risk for VCI. Methods: In participants with coronary artery disease, who are at a high risk of VCI, apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale), and executive function (composite z-score based on age and education population norms from trails making test B, animal naming, and phonemic fluency tests) were assessed. Serum concentrations of an early (lipid hydroperoxide (LPH)) and late (8-isoprostane (8-ISO)) lipid peroxidation marker, were measured and the 8-ISO/LPH ratio was calculated. Results: Participants (n = 206, age±SD = 63.0±7.5, 80% men, total years of education = 15.9±3.4, AES score = 28.3±8.8, executive function = 0±1) demonstrated significantly different 8-ISO/LPH ratios between groups (F(3, 202) = 10.915, p < 0.001) with increasing levels in the following order: no apathy or executive dysfunction, only executive dysfunction (executive function composite score≤–1), only apathy (AES≥28), and both apathy and executive dysfunction. A model adjusting for demographics showed that lipid peroxidation was associated with both apathy (B(SE) = 4.63 (0.954), t = 4.852, p < 0.001) and executive function (B(SE) = –0.19 (0.079), t = –2.377, p = 0.018). However, when controlling for both demographics and vascular risk factors, lipid peroxidation was associated with only apathy (B(SE) = 3.11 (0.987), t = 3.149, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The results highlight a potentially important involvement of lipid peroxidation in the co-occurrence of apathy and executive dysfunction in those at risk for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritleen K. Bawa
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joycelyn Ba
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- ICES, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - RuoDing Wang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Feng
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marotta
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and Parkinsonian Syndromes: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060975. [PMID: 35743757 PMCID: PMC9225264 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has an important role as an antioxidant. Being that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, several studies addressed the concentrations of CoQ10 in the different tissues of patients with PD and other parkinsonian syndromes (PS), trying to elucidate their value as a marker of these diseases. Other studies addressed the potential therapeutic role of CoQ10 in PD and PS. We underwent a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies measuring tissue CoQ10 concentrations which shows that, compared with controls, PD patients have decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebellar cortex, platelets, and lymphocytes, increased total and oxidized CoQ10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and a non-significant trend toward decreased serum/plasma CoQ10 levels. Patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) showed decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebellar cortex, serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and skin fibroblasts. Patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) showed decreased cerebellar cortex CoQ10, and those with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) had decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. A previous meta-analysis of studies addressing the therapeutic effects of CoQ10 in PD showed a lack of improvement in patients with early PD. Results of the treatment with CoQ10 in PSP should be considered preliminary. The potential role of CoQ10 therapy in the MSA and selected groups of PD patients deserves future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636968395; Fax: +34-913280704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain;
| | - Elena García-Martín
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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Nantachai G, Vasupanrajit A, Tunvirachaisakul C, Solmi M, Maes M. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101639. [PMID: 35537662 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the nitro-oxidative stress (O&NS)/antioxidant (ANTIOX) ratio in the peripheral blood of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until July 31, 2021. Forty-six studies on 3.798 MCI individuals and 6.063 healthy controls were included. The O&NS/ANTIOX ratio was significantly higher in MCI than in controls with a Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= 0.378 (95% CI: 0.250; 0.506). MCI individuals showed increased lipid peroxidation (SMD=0.774, 95%CI: 4.416; 1.132) and O&NS-associated toxicity (SMD=0.621, CI: 0.377; 0.865) and reduced glutathione (GSH) defenses (SMD=0.725, 95%CI: 0.269; 1.182) as compared with controls. MCI was also accompanied by significantly increased homocysteine (SMD=0.320, CI: 0.059; 0.581), but not protein oxidation, and lowered non-vitamin (SMD=0.347, CI: 0.168; 0.527) and vitamin (SMD=0.564, CI: 0.129; 0.999) antioxidant defenses. The results show that MCI is at least in part due to increased neuro-oxidative toxicity and suggest that treatments targeting lipid peroxidation and the GSH system may be used to treat or prevent MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gallayaporn Nantachai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Somdet Phra Sungharaj Nyanasumvara Geriatric Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public health, Chon Buri Province, Thailand.
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Chen JJ, Thiyagarajah M, Song J, Chen C, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, Rapoport MJ, Black SE, Ramirez J, Andreazza AC, Oh P, Marzolini S, Graham SJ, Lanctôt KL. Altered central and blood glutathione in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 35123548 PMCID: PMC8818133 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence implicates oxidative stress (OS) in Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Depletion of the brain antioxidant glutathione (GSH) may be important in OS-mediated neurodegeneration, though studies of post-mortem brain GSH changes in AD have been inconclusive. Recent in vivo measurements of the brain and blood GSH may shed light on GSH changes earlier in the disease. AIM To quantitatively review in vivo GSH in AD and MCI compared to healthy controls (HC) using meta-analyses. METHOD Studies with in vivo brain or blood GSH levels in MCI or AD with a HC group were identified using MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and Embase (1947-June 2020). Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes using random effects models. Outcome measures included brain GSH (Meshcher-Garwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) versus non-MEGA-PRESS) and blood GSH (intracellular versus extracellular) in AD and MCI. The Q statistic and Egger's test were used to assess heterogeneity and risk of publication bias, respectively. RESULTS For brain GSH, 4 AD (AD=135, HC=223) and 4 MCI (MCI=213, HC=211) studies were included. For blood GSH, 26 AD (AD=1203, HC=1135) and 7 MCI (MCI=434, HC=408) studies were included. Brain GSH overall did not differ in AD or MCI compared to HC; however, the subgroup of studies using MEGA-PRESS reported lower brain GSH in AD (SMD [95%CI] -1.45 [-1.83, -1.06], p<0.001) and MCI (-1.15 [-1.71, -0.59], z=4.0, p<0.001). AD had lower intracellular and extracellular blood GSH overall (-0.87 [-1. 30, -0.44], z=3.96, p<0.001). In a subgroup analysis, intracellular GSH was lower in MCI (-0.66 [-1.11, -0.21], p=0.025). Heterogeneity was observed throughout (I2 >85%) and not fully accounted by subgroup analysis. Egger's test indicated risk of publication bias. CONCLUSION Blood intracellular GSH decrease is seen in MCI, while both intra- and extracellular decreases were seen in AD. Brain GSH is decreased in AD and MCI in subgroup analysis. Potential bias and heterogeneity suggest the need for measurement standardization and additional studies to explore sources of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Jenny Chen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathura Thiyagarajah
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianmeng Song
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Clara Chen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J Rapoport
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Oh
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Physical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kou Y, Zhao H, Cui D, Han H, Tong Z. Formaldehyde toxicity in age-related neurological dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101512. [PMID: 34798299 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The primordial small gaseous molecules, such as: NO, CO, H2S and formaldehyde (FA) are present in the brains. Whether FA as well as the other molecules participates in brain functions is unclear. Recently, its pathophysiological functions have been investigated. Notably, under physiological conditions, learning activity induces a transient generation of hippocampal FA, which promotes memory formation by enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-currents. However, ageing leads to FA accumulation in brain for the dysregulation of FA metabolism; and excessive FA directly impairs memory by inhibiting NMDA-receptor. Especially, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) accelerates FA accumulation by inactivating alcohol dehydrogenase-5; in turn, FA promotes Aβ oligomerization, fibrillation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, there is a vicious circle encompassing Aβ assembly and FA generation. Even worse, FA induces Aβ deposition in the extracellular space (ECS), which blocks the medicines (dissolved in the interstitial fluid) flowing into the damaged neurons in the deep cortex. However, phototherapy destroys Aβ deposits in the ECS and restores ISF flow. Coenzyme Q10, which scavenges FA, was shown to ameliorate Aβ-induced AD pathological phenotypes, thus suggesting a causative relation between FA toxicity and AD. These findings suggest that the combination of these two methods is a promising strategy for treating AD.
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Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Antony A, Gurushankara HP. Lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress mediates sex-specific autistic-like behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6378-6393. [PMID: 34528217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by three main behavioural symptoms: abnormal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication impairments, and repetitive and restricted activities or interests. Even though the exact aetiology of ASD remains unknown, studies have shown a link between genetics and environmental pollutants. Heavy metal lead (Pb), the environmental pollutant, is associated with ASD. Pb may also exhibit sex-specific ASD behaviour, as has been demonstrated in the global human populations. Drosophila melanogaster as a model has been used in the present study to understand the involvement of Pb-induced oxidative stress in developing ASD behaviour. The larval feeding technique has been employed to administer different Pb concentrations (0.2-0.8 mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) antioxidants overexpressed or knockdown flies. Adult Drosophila (5-day old) were used for Pb content, biochemical, and behavioural analysis.Pb accumulated in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress and exhibited a human autistic-like behaviour such as reduced climbing, increased grooming, increased social spacing, and decreased learning and memory in a sex-specific manner.Pb-induced autistic-like behaviour was intensified in Sod or Cat-knockdown flies, whereas Sod or Cat-overexpressed flies overcome that behavioural alterations. These results unequivocally proved that Pb-induced oxidative stress causes ASD behaviour of humans in Drosophila. Thus, Drosophila is used as a model organism to analyse ASD-like human behaviour and underlines the importance of using antioxidant therapy in alleviating ASD symptoms in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
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Zhu NW, Yin XL, Lin R, Fan XL, Chen SJ, Zhu YM, Zhao XZ. Possible mechanisms of lycopene amelioration of learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:332-341. [PMID: 31552907 PMCID: PMC6905346 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Studies have shown that lycopene can significantly inhibit oxidative stress; therefore, we hypothesized that lycopene can reduce the level of oxidative stress in vascular dementia. A vascular dementia model was established by permanent bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. The dosage groups were treated with lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) every other day for 2 months. Rats without bilateral carotid artery ligation were prepared as a sham group. To test the ability of learning and memory, the Morris water maze was used to detect the average escape latency and the change of search strategy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe changes of hippocampal neurons. The levels of oxidative stress factors, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, were measured in the hippocampus by biochemical detection. The levels of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus were observed by dihydroethidium staining. The distribution and expression of oxidative stress related protein, neuron-restrictive silencer factor, in hippocampal neurons were detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry and western blot assays. After 2 months of drug administration, (1) in the model group, the average escape latency was longer than that of the sham group, and the proportion of straight and tend tactics was lower than that of the sham group, and the hippocampal neurons were irregularly arranged and the cytoplasm was hyperchromatic. (2) The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of the model group rats were increased, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased. (3) Lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) intervention improved the above changes, and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group showed the most significant improvement effect. (4) Neuron-restrictive silencer factor expression in the hippocampus was lower in the sham group and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group than in the model group. (5) The above data indicate that lycopene 100 mg/kg could protect against the learning-memory ability impairment of vascular dementia rats. The protective mechanism was achieved by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hippocampus. The experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University, China (approval No. 2014-025) in June 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Wei Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province; Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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9
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Kure CE, Rosenfeldt FL, Scholey AB, Pipingas A, Kaye DM, Bergin PJ, Croft KD, Wesnes KA, Myers SP, Stough C. Relationships Among Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Older Heart Failure Patients. J Card Fail 2016; 22:548-59. [PMID: 27002943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms for cognitive impairment in heart failure (HF) are unclear. We investigated the relative contributions of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV), oxidative stress, and inflammation to HF-associated cognitive impairment. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six HF patients (≥60 years) and 40 healthy controls (68 ± 7 vs 67 ± 5 years, P > .05; 69% vs 50% male, P > .05) completed the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery and Stroop tasks. Common carotid (CCA) and middle cerebral arterial BFV were obtained by transcranial Doppler. Blood samples were collected for oxidant (diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites; F2-isoprostanes), antioxidant (coenzyme Q10; CoQ10), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Compared with controls, patients exhibited impaired attention (Cognitive Drug Research's Power of Attention domain, congruent Stroop) and executive function (incongruent Stroop). Multiple regression modeling showed that CCA-BFV and CoQ10 but not group predicted performance on attention and executive function. Additionally, in HF patients, CCA-BFV and CoQ10 (β = -0.34 vs β = -0.35) were significant predictors of attention, and CCA-BFV (β = -0.34) was a predictor of executive function. CONCLUSIONS Power of Attention and executive function is impaired in older HF patients, and reduced CCA-BFV and CoQ10 are associated with worse cognition. Interventions addressing these mechanisms may improve cognition in older HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Kure
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
| | - Franklin L Rosenfeldt
- Cardiac Surgical Research Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew B Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Bergin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Services (Heart Centre), The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Wesnes Cognition Ltd, Streatley on Thames, UK
| | - Stephen P Myers
- NatMed-Research, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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Serum Levels of ApoA1 and ApoA2 Are Associated with Cognitive Status in Older Men. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:481621. [PMID: 26682220 PMCID: PMC4670907 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background. Advancing age, chronic inflammation, oxidative damage, and disorders of lipid metabolism are positively linked to the late-life cognitive impairment. Serum biomarkers may be associated with the cognitive status in older men. Methods. 440 old male subjects with different cognitive functions were recruited to investigate probable serum markers. Pearson Chi-Squared test, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate biomarkers which may be associated with cognitive status. Results. Levels of fundus atherosclerosis (AS) (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), serum biomarkers peroxidase (POD) (P = 0.026) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001), serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001), apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2) (P = 0.001), and ApoC2 (P = 0.005) showed significant differences. Compared to group 3, ApoA1 in group 1 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67) and group 2 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.94) were higher, while ApoA2 were lower (group 1: OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.18–1.02; group 2: OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.54) after adjusting for control variables. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that age, AS levels, POD, IL-6, HDL-C, ApoA2, and ApoC2 were significantly related to cognitive status. Moreover, ApoA1 and ApoA2 were independently associated with cognitive impairment and late-life dementia.
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Yuan Y, Tong Q, Zhang L, Jiang S, Zhou H, Zhang R, Zhang S, Xu Q, Li D, Zhou X, Ding J, Zhang K. Plasma antioxidant status and motor features in de novo Chinese Parkinson's disease patients. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:641-6. [PMID: 26010212 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1054031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore plasma antioxidant status in de novo Chinese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigate its relationship with specific motor features of PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four de novo Chinese PD patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Each motor feature of PD patients was assessed by unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Plasma antioxidant status, including plasma level of glutathione (GSH) and plasma activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between the plasma antioxidant status and motor features of PD was evaluated by Spearman's coefficient. RESULTS Plasma GSH level and plasma activities of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD of PD patients were lower than those of healthy controls. Moreover, the declining activity of plasma CAT was related with the increasing mean postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) score and growing age. In contrast, the severity of tremor was positively correlated with plasma SOD activity. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the plasma antioxidant status is impaired in de novo Chinese PD patients. The complex relationship between the plasma antioxidant status and different motor features indicates that the antioxidant mechanisms underlying tremor and PIGD of PD may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Yuan
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qing Tong
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Siming Jiang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hong Zhou
- b Department of Neurology , Jiangsu Shengze Hospital , Wujiang , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- c Department of Neurosurgery , Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Shu Zhang
- d Clinical Research Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qinrong Xu
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Daqian Li
- e Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jian Ding
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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12
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Yu SY, Zuo LJ, Wang F, Chen ZJ, Hu Y, Wang YJ, Wang XM, Zhang W. Potential biomarkers relating pathological proteins, neuroinflammatory factors and free radicals in PD patients with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:113. [PMID: 24884485 PMCID: PMC4035732 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment strikingly reduces the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Studies find that pathological proteins, neuroinflammatory factors and free radicals may involve in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment of PD, however, results are inconclusive. METHODS We recruited 62 PD patients and 31 healthy controls. PD patients were identified with cognitive impairment, including PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and PD with dementia (PDD) according to the diagnostic criteria for PD-MCI and PDD issued by Movement Disorder Society Task Force. The levels of pathological proteins, including β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42),Total-tau (T-tau) and phosphorelated tau (P-tau), neuroinflammatory factors,including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (INF-γ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), free radicals, including hydroxyl radical (·OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) were detected. The levels of above factors in CSF were compared among healthy controls and patients with and without cognitive impairment. Correlation analyses were performed between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and the levels of above factors in CSF. RESULTS T-tau level in CSF from PD-CI patients are significantly elevated comparing with those without cognitive impairment and controls (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). The levels of P-tau (S396) and · OH in PD-CI patients are significantly higher than controls (P = 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). IL-6 levels in PD-CI patients are strikingly enhanced comparing with those without cognitive impairment (P = 0.005). MoCA score is negatively correlated with the levels of T-tau (r = -0.340), P-tau (S396) (r = -0.448), IL-6 (r = -0.489) and · OH (r = -0.504) in PD-CI patients. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of T-tau, P-tau (S396), IL-6 and · OH in CSF are significantly correlated with cognitive impairment in PD patients. This investigation may suggest the potential biomarkers relating pathological proteins, neuroinflammatory factors and free radicals in PD patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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13
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The roles of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:182303. [PMID: 24949424 PMCID: PMC4053273 DOI: 10.1155/2014/182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper aims to examine whether biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants could be useful biomarkers in AD, which might form the bases of future clinical studies. Methods. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were systematically queried to obtain studies with available data regarding markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants from subjects with AD. Results and Conclusion. Although most studies show elevated serum markers of lipid peroxidation in AD, there is no sufficient evidence to justify the routine use of biomarkers as predictors of severity or outcome in AD.
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Gironi M, Borgiani B, Cursano C, Saresella M, Piancone F, Mariani E, Marventano I, Martinelli V, Comi G, Clerici M, Rovaris M, Furlan R. The Peripheral Network between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly produced by microglia and macrophages during inflammation-driven oxidative burst. However, they can in turn affect the reactivity and function of immune cells. For the first time, the relationship between these two key players involved in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) was evaluated at peripheral level. We performed an in-depth immune-phenotypic and functional analysis of MBP (Myelin Basic Protein)-stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) by flow-cytometry. In addition, blood Coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10), total, oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione (GSTot, GSSG, GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), ROS, anti-oxidized-low-density-lipoproteins antibodies (anti-oxLDL), and anti-oxidant-power (PAO) were studied in 31 untreated MS patients (MSnoTP), 23 MS patients (MSTP) treated with Disease Modifying Drugs (DMDs) and 39 matched controls (HC). The focus of our study was the correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and distribution of immune-phenotypes across the 3 studied groups. In MSnoTP an inverse correlation between MDA and apoptotic cells (CD4+ AnnexinV+TIM3+) was detected (rs= − 0.50, p= 0.01). Ml functional phenotype (CD14+IL6+) and TH17 cells (CD4+IL22+) inversely (rs= − 0.48) and directly (rs= 0.46) correlated (p = 0.01) with Anti-oxLDL antibodies and GSSG, respectively. The latter direct correlation was shown also in MSTP. Notably, in this group, we also detected a direct correlation between CD4+ IL4+ and CD4+ IL25+ (TH2 phenotype) with CoQ10 (rs= 0.54) and GSH (rs= 0.46) (p< 0.03), two crucial anti-oxidants. Again, a direct correlation was found between CD8+ BDNF+ cells (suppressor phenotype) and anti-oxLDL (rs= 0.48, p= 0.03). Surprisingly, we measured an inverse correlation between CD14+ IL10+ cells (M2 immune-regulatory cells) with GSH (rs= − 0.59, p< 0.001). Our findings endorse the idea of a relationship between pro-inflammatory cells and pro-oxidative environment, even at peripheral level. Interestingly, the correlation between CD4+ IL10+cells and a defective anti-oxidant equipment might be regarded as evidence of the involvement of these cells during an inflammatory/oxidative phase that they try to control. The finding of this link only in MSTP patients might suggest that DMDs can provide an alternative way to counteract inflammation, regardless of an absolute increase of these immune-regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gironi
- INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - B. Borgiani
- INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Cursano
- CAM, Polidiagnostic Center, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - E. Mariani
- CAM, Polidiagnostic Center, Monza, Italy
| | | | - V. Martinelli
- INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Comi
- INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Clerici
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Rovaris
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Furlan
- INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Gironi M, Borgiani B, Mariani E, Cursano C, Mendozzi L, Cavarretta R, Saresella M, Clerici M, Comi G, Rovaris M, Furlan R. Oxidative stress is differentially present in multiple sclerosis courses, early evident, and unrelated to treatment. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:961863. [PMID: 24741637 PMCID: PMC3984797 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is well documented in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, but its correspondence at peripheral level is still controversial. Objective. To evaluate peripheral oxidative stress markers in MS patients. METHODS We studied total blood levels of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-oxidized-low-density lipoproteins (anti-oxLDL) antibodies, and antioxidant power (PAO) in 87 patients with different MS clinical phenotypes and in 77 controls. RESULTS CoQ10 was lower whereas anti-oxLDL antibodies titer was higher in MS patients than in controls. The benign variant of MS displayed both higher CoQ10 and higher anti-oxLDL than other MS clinical variants. Female patients had lower CoQ10 and PAO and higher ROS than male patients. Differences were greater in younger patients with shorter disease duration. Surprisingly, there was no difference for these markers between treated and untreated patients. CONCLUSION We found lower antioxidant agents and higher anti-oxLDL antibodies in MS, and the highest antibody titers occurred in the benign form. We suggest that natural anti-oxLDL antibodies can be protective against MS, saving blood brain barrier integrity. Our findings also suggest that milder MS is associated with a distinct oxidative stress pattern, which may provide a useful biomarker of disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Gironi
- INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy ; CAM, Centro Polidiagnostico, Viale Elvezia Angolo Via Martiri delle Foibe 1, Monza, Italy
| | - Bruno Borgiani
- INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy ; CAM, Centro Polidiagnostico, Viale Elvezia Angolo Via Martiri delle Foibe 1, Monza, Italy
| | - Enrica Mariani
- CAM, Centro Polidiagnostico, Viale Elvezia Angolo Via Martiri delle Foibe 1, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Cursano
- CAM, Centro Polidiagnostico, Viale Elvezia Angolo Via Martiri delle Foibe 1, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Mendozzi
- Fondazione IRCCS, S. Maria Nascente, Don Gnocchi, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Cavarretta
- Fondazione IRCCS, S. Maria Nascente, Don Gnocchi, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Saresella
- Fondazione IRCCS, S. Maria Nascente, Don Gnocchi, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Fondazione IRCCS, S. Maria Nascente, Don Gnocchi, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rovaris
- Fondazione IRCCS, S. Maria Nascente, Don Gnocchi, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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Schrag M, Mueller C, Zabel M, Crofton A, Kirsch W, Ghribi O, Squitti R, Perry G. Oxidative stress in blood in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Zito G, Polimanti R, Panetta V, Ventriglia M, Salustri C, Siotto MC, Moffa F, Altamura C, Vernieri F, Lupoi D, Cassetta E, Rossini PM, Squitti R. Antioxidant status and APOE genotype as susceptibility factors for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:51-6. [PMID: 23216585 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different factors interact to develop neurodegeneration in patients with dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are associated with significant alteration in lipid metabolism, in turn connected to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Thus, a better understanding of the pathogenetic pathways associated with lipid dyshomeostasis may elucidate the causes of neurodegenerative processes. To address this issue, we evaluated the effects of antioxidant status and APOE genotype on neurodegeneration in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD), with vascular dementia (VaD), and in elderly healthy controls. Eighty-two AD, 42 VaD patients, and 26 healthy controls were recruited and underwent medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) assessment, white matter hyperintensities rating (WMH), serum total antioxidant status assaying (TAS), and APOE genotyping. A logistic regression algorithm applied to our data revealed that a 0.01 mmol/L decrease of TAS concentration increased the probability of MTA by 24% (p=0.038) and that carriers of the APOE ε4 allele showed higher WMH scores (p=0.018), confirming that small variations in antioxidant systems homeostasis are associated with relevant modifications of disease risk. Furthermore, in individuals with analogous TAS values, the presence of the ε4 allele increased the predicted probability of having MTA. These outcomes further sustain the interaction of oxidative stress and APOE genotype to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Zito
- Casa di Cura San Raffale Cassino & IRCCS San Raffale Pisana, Cassino, Italy.
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18
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Glutathione relates to neuropsychological functioning in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Deng Y, Wang W, Yu P, Xi Z, Xu L, Li X, He N. Comparison of taurine, GABA, Glu, and Asp as scavengers of malondialdehyde in vitro and in vivo. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:190. [PMID: 23618076 PMCID: PMC3637245 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine if amino acid neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) can scavenge activated carbonyl toxicants. In vitro, direct reaction between malondialdehyde (MDA) and amino acids was researched using different analytical methods. The results indicated that scavenging activated carbonyl function of taurine and GABA is very strong and that of Glu and Asp is very weak in pathophysiological situations. The results provided perspective into the reaction mechanism of taurine and GABA as targets of activated carbonyl such as MDA in protecting nerve terminals. In vivo, we studied the effect of taurine and GABA as antioxidants by detecting MDA concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. It was shown that MDA concentration was decreased significantly, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of acute epileptic state rats, after the administration of taurine and GABA. The results indicated that the peripherally administered taurine and GABA can scavenge free radicals and protect the tissue against activated carbonyl in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Guangzhou The Bond Chemicals Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijiang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People’s Republic of China
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Akkemik E, Taser P, Bayindir A, Budak H, Ciftci M. Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase from turkey liver and inhibition effects of some metal ions on enzyme activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:888-894. [PMID: 22989768 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18) were purified and characterized from turkey liver for the first time. The enzyme was purified 252.7-fold with a yield of 45%, with a specific activity of 164.31 U/mg from turkey liver. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE and showed two bands nearly 26 kDa and 24 kDa on the gel. The native molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be approximately 53 kDa by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Optimal pH, stable pH, optimal temperature, optimum ionic strength, K(m) and V(max) values for GSH and CDNB were also determined for the enzyme as 7.3, 8.5, 50 °C, 600 mM, 0.154 mM, 0.380 mM, 1.803 EU/ml, and 2.125 EU/ml, respectively. Additionally, inhibitory effects of metal ions (Cu(2+), Hg(2+), Fe(2+), Zn(2+), Ag(+), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), and Mn(2+)) were examined the enzyme's activity in vitro by performing Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity% vs., respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akkemik
- Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Talarowska M, Gałecki P, Maes M, Bobińska K, Kowalczyk E. Total antioxidant status correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1761-7. [PMID: 22562440 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Depressive disorder is a multifactorial diseases, that one of the typical feature are cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to define relationship between plasma levels of TAS and the cognitive performance. DESIGN AND METHODS the study comprised 74 subjects: patients with rDD (n = 45) and healthy subjects (n = 29). Cognitive function assessment was based on: Trail Making Test, The Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of depression symptoms, measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) on therapy onset versus the examination results after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). The level of TAS was substantially higher in patients with rDD (p = 0.01). For rDD patients, elevated TAS levels were associated with worse cognitive test performance. The higher was the concentration of plasma TAS, the greater was the severity of depressive symptoms measured by HDRS before and after pharmacotherapy. (1) Higher concentration of plasma TAS in rDD patients is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. (2) Elevated levels of plasma TAS are related to impairment of short-term declarative memory, long-term declarative-memory, verbal fluency and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland.
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22
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Zampagni M, Wright D, Cascella R, D'Adamio G, Casamenti F, Evangelisti E, Cardona F, Goti A, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Liguri G, Cecchi C. Novel S-acyl glutathione derivatives prevent amyloid oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer disease models. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1362-71. [PMID: 22326489 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death may be initiated by a decrease in glutathione (GSH), whose levels are reduced in mitochondrial and synaptosomal fractions of specific CNS regions in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Currently, the use of GSH as a therapeutic agent is limited by its unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, we designed the synthesis of new S-acyl glutathione (acyl-SG) thioesters of fatty acids via N-acyl benzotriazole-intermediate production and investigated their potential for targeted delivery of the parent GSH and free fatty acid to amyloid-exposed fibroblasts from familial AD patients and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell culture supplementation with acyl-SG derivatives triggers a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a fatty acid unsaturation degree-dependent fashion. Acyl-SG thioesters also protect cholinergic neurons against Aβ-induced damage and reduce glial reaction in rat brains. Collectively, these findings suggest that acyl-SG thioesters could prove useful as a tool for controlling AD-induced cerebral deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagioia Zampagni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Zhang Z, Yan J, Chang Y, ShiDu Yan S, Shi H. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 as a target for neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4335-43. [PMID: 21861815 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional factor responsible for cellular and tissue adaption to low oxygen tension. HIF-1, a heterodimer consisting of a constitutively expressed β subunit and an oxygen-regulated α subunit, regulates a series of genes that participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glucose metabolism, and cell proliferation/survival. The activity of HIF-1 is controlled by post-translational modifications on different amino acid residues of its subunits, mainly the alpha subunit. Besides in ischemic stroke (see review [1]), emerging evidence has revealed that HIF-1 activity and expression of its down-stream genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, are altered in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that regulating HIF-1 might ameliorate the cellular and tissue damage in the neurodegenerative diseases. These new findings suggest HIF-1 as a potential medicinal target for the neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on HIF-1α protein modifications and HIF-1's potential neuroprotective roles in Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's diseases (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on Vascular Dementia and Angiogenesis. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:911-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mueller C, Schrag M, Crofton A, Stolte J, Muckenthaler MU, Magaki S, Kirsch W. Altered serum iron and copper homeostasis predicts cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29:341-50. [PMID: 22232013 PMCID: PMC3596019 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is marked by severe neuronal death which has been partly attributed to increased oxidative stress. The pathophysiology accounting for this free radical injury is not well-delineated at this point, but one hypothesis is that a derangement in transition metal metabolism contributes to the process. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral derangement of transition metal metabolism is present early in the dementing process. We analyzed non-heme iron and copper levels in serum from subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and early stage senile dementia and followed these subjects over 5 years. An increase in the ratio of serum copper to non-heme iron levels predicted which subjects with mild cognitive impairment would progress to dementia versus those that would remain cognitively stable. This increase did not correlate with changes in expression of iron regulatory protein 2 or selected downstream targets in peripheral lymphocytes. A cDNA-based microarray (IronChip) containing genes relevant to iron and copper metabolism was used to assess transition metal metabolism in circulating lymphocytes from cognitively normal and demented subjects. No gene was identified as being dysregulated more than 2-fold, and verification using quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated no significant changes in expression for ALAS2, FOS, and CTR1. The increased ratio of serum copper to serum iron prior to dementia has potential as a biomarker for cognitive decline and mirrors other changes in serum previously reported by others, but iron and copper metabolism pathways appear to be broadly unaffected in peripheral blood in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mueller
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Schrag
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Crofton
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jens Stolte
- Molecular Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Shino Magaki
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wolff Kirsch
- Neurosurgery Center for Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Therapeutic benefit of Yangxue Qingnao Granule (养血清脑颗粒) on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17:134-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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