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Sommerfeld-Klatta K, Jiers W, Rzepczyk S, Nowicki F, Łukasik-Głębocka M, Świderski P, Zielińska-Psuja B, Żaba Z, Żaba C. The Effect of Neuropsychiatric Drugs on the Oxidation-Reduction Balance in Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7304. [PMID: 39000411 PMCID: PMC11242277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of available neuropsychiatric drugs in the era of an increasing number of patients is not sufficient, and the complexity of neuropsychiatric disease entities that are difficult to diagnose and therapeutically is increasing. Also, discoveries about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases are promising, including those initiating a new round of innovations in the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Oxidative stress is highly related to mental disorders, in the treatment of which the most frequently used are first- and second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants. Literature reports on the effect of neuropsychiatric drugs on oxidative stress are divergent. They are starting with those proving their protective effect and ending with those confirming disturbances in the oxidation-reduction balance. The presented publication reviews the state of knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in the most frequently used therapies for neuropsychiatric diseases using first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs, i.e., haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole, mood stabilizers: lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, and antidepressants: citalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine, along with a brief pharmacological characteristic, preclinical and clinical studies effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Jiers
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Rzepczyk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Nowicki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łukasik-Głębocka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Świderski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Zielińska-Psuja
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Żaba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Czesław Żaba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Zamani E, Ahmadi Shad A, Fatemi H, Mahboubi S, Motavallian A, Evazalipour M. Assessment of Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:9565881. [PMID: 36329925 PMCID: PMC9626238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9565881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic drug that has several indications in a wide range of mental conditions. The extensive prescription of haloperidol is correlated with some less-known adverse effects such as genotoxicity. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid mainly found in oregano and thyme. It has the potential to scavenge free radicals in addition to increasing antioxidant defense enzyme activities and glutathione levels. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible potential of haloperidol in inducing genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes as well as the protective role of carvacrol against this effect. The lymphocytes were divided into separate groups as follows: control group (cosolvent and NS); carvacrol group (5 μM); haloperidol group (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml); haloperidol (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml) + carvacrol (5 μM); positive control (0.8 μg/ml Cisplatin). After 24 hours of treatment, we conducted a cytokinesis-Block micronucleus test and an alkaline comet assay in order to determine genetic damage. Additionally, we measured glutathione and MDA levels as the biomarkers associated with oxidative stress. Significant increases in the levels of genotoxicity biomarkers (micronucleus frequency, DNA percentage in tail and tail moment) were observed in haloperidol-treated cells. The result of our oxidative stress tests also demonstrated that haloperidol had the potential to induce oxidative stress via reducing the levels of glutathione and increasing lipid peroxidation. Treatment with carvacrol significantly decreased the genotoxic events. It can be presumed that the induction of oxidative stress by haloperidol is the critical event associated with haloperidol-mediated genotoxicity. Therefore, using carvacrol as a natural antioxidant protected human lymphocytes against haloperidol genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi Shad
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hediye Fatemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saba Mahboubi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azadeh Motavallian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Rashid MH, Babu D, Tran N, Reiz B, Siraki AG. Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase-Mediated N-Demethylation of Quetiapine Leads to N-Desalkylquetiapine, a Pharmacologically Active Cytochrome P450 Metabolite. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1001-1010. [PMID: 35575633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The atypical antipsychotic drugs, quetiapine and clozapine, are associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions (such as agranulocytosis or neutropenia) that are thought to involve reactive metabolites. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) metabolism of quetiapine is not well-studied, but is metabolized by cytochrome P450. Based on structural similarity to clozapine, we hypothesized that quetiapine can be metabolized by MPO and that there is overlap between cytochrome P450 and MPO metabolism of quetiapine. The interaction of quetiapine and clozapine with MPO and MPO chlorination activity was studied using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The metabolites were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used for detecting drug-catalyzed glutathione oxidation. In the presence of quetiapine, MPO compound II accumulated for about 7.5 min, whereas in the presence of clozapine, MPO compound II was not observed as it was rapidly reduced back to the resting state. Increasing quetiapine concentrations resulted in a decrease in MPO chlorination activity, while the opposite result was found in the case of clozapine. UV-vis spectral studies showed no change when quetiapine was oxidized in the absence and presence of chloride anion (Cl-, to catalyze chlorination reactions). Significant changes, however, were observed in the same assay with clozapine, where Cl- appeared to hinder the rate of clozapine metabolism. The MPO-catalyzed hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites of quetiapine and hydroxylated metabolites of clozapine were observed from the LC-MS analyses, particularly when Cl- was included in the reaction. In addition, hydroxylated, dealkylated, and a proposed sulfoxide metabolite of quetiapine were also observed in the reaction catalyzed by human microsomes/NADPH. Lastly, compared to quetiapine, clozapine metabolism by MPO/H2O2 and glutathione produced more glutathionyl radicals using EPR spin trapping. In conclusion, MPO/H2O2/Cl- was shown to metabolize quetiapine to S-oxidation and P450-like dealkylation products, and quetiapine metabolites were generally less reactive than clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harunur Rashid
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.,Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Newton Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Béla Reiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Gong Y, Lu Z, Kang Z, Feng X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Chen W, Xun G, Yue W. Peripheral non-enzymatic antioxidants as biomarkers for mood disorders: Evidence from a machine learning prediction model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1019618. [PMID: 36419979 PMCID: PMC9676245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1019618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is related to the pathogenesis of mood disorders, and the level of oxidative stress may differ between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to detect the differences in non-enzymatic antioxidant levels between BD and MDD and assess the predictive values of non-enzymatic antioxidants in mood disorders by applying a machine learning model. METHODS Peripheral uric acid (UA), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured in 1,188 participants (discover cohort: 157 with BD and 544 with MDD; validation cohort: 119 with BD and 95 with MDD; 273 healthy controls). An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model and a logistic regression model were used to assess the predictive effect. RESULTS All three indices differed between patients with mood disorders and healthy controls; in addition, the levels of UA in patients with BD were higher than those of patients with MDD. After treatment, UA levels increased in the MDD group, while they decreased in the BD group. Finally, we entered age, sex, UA, ALB, and TBIL into the XGBoost model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the XGBoost model for distinguishing between BD and MDD reached 0.849 (accuracy = 0.808, 95% CI = 0.719-0.878) and for distinguishing between BD with depression episode (BD-D) and MDD was 0.899 (accuracy = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.856-0.919). The models were validated in the validation cohort. The most important feature distinguishing between BD and MDD was UA. CONCLUSION Peripheral non-enzymatic antioxidants, especially the UA, might be a potential biomarker capable of distinguishing between BD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Gong
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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Yang M, Li J, Yang H, Yan L, Liu D, Zhu L, Zhang X. Cognitive Impairment and Psychopathology Are Related to Plasma Oxidative Stress in Long Term Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:896694. [PMID: 35757215 PMCID: PMC9226302 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine whether plasma oxidative stress is associated with cognitive impairment in long term hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD Ninety-six chronic schizophrenia patients and 94 healthy unaffected subjects were enrolled. Plasma markers of oxidative stress, including malondialdehyde (MDA), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were measured. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. RESULTS Plasma MDA levels and MnSOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001), while plasma CAT activity was higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.005). Cognitive scores on the RBANS and all of its five subscales (all P < 0.001) were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in healthy unaffected subjects. CAT and GSH-Px activities were positively correlated with the cognitive function scores corresponding to Visuospatial/Constructional abilities in the patient group (r = 0.298, 0.213, respectively, P < 0.05). Also, the multiple regression analysis revealed that CAT and GSH-Px activities were independent and separate contributors to the Visuospatial/Constructional index of the RBANS. Meanwhile, CAT activity was negatively correlated with general pathological symptoms (r = -0.307, Bonferroni corrected P = 0.008) and the total score of the PANSS domains (r = -0.299, Bonferroni corrected P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our results that the reduced of MDA level and the increased CAT activity in plasma in male patients with chronic schizophrenia suggest that redox imbalance may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and it can induce impaired cognition and psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haidong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Linya Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Boz Z, Hu M, Yu Y, Huang XF. N-acetylcysteine prevents olanzapine-induced oxidative stress in mHypoA-59 hypothalamic neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19185. [PMID: 33154380 PMCID: PMC7644715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (AP) drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia. Recently, olanzapine has been found to cause brain tissue volume loss in rodent and primate studies; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Abnormal autophagy and oxidative stress have been implicated to have a role in AP-induced neurodegeneration, while N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potent antioxidant, shown to be beneficial in the treatment of schizophrenia. Here, we investigate the role of olanzapine and NAC on cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial mass and mitophagy in hypothalamic cells. Firstly, cell viability was assessed in mHypoA-59 and mHypoA NPY/GFP cells using an MTS assay and flow cytometric analyses. Olanzapine treated mHypoA-59 cells were then assessed for mitophagy markers and oxidative stress; including quantification of lysosomes, autophagosomes, LC3B-II, p62, superoxide anion (O2–) and mitochondrial mass. NAC (10 mM) was used to reverse the effects of olanzapine (100 µM) on O2−, mitochondrial mass and LC3B-II. We found that olanzapine significantly impacted cell viability in mHypoA-59 hypothalamic cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Olanzapine inhibited mitophagy, instigated oxidative stress and prompted mitochondrial abnormalities. NAC was able to mitigate olanzapine-induced effects. These findings suggest that high doses of olanzapine may cause neurotoxicity of hypothalamic neurons via increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage and mitophagy inhibition. This could in part explain data suggesting that APs may reduce brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Boz
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Pontes-Neto JG, Lyra MA, Soares MF, Chaves LL, Soares-Sobrinho JL. Intercalation of olanzapine into CaAl and NiAl Layered Double Hydroxides for dissolution rate improvement: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro toxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Effect fingerprints of antipsychotic drugs on neural networks in vitro. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1363-1371. [PMID: 31321550 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We compared the acute effect of typical (haloperidol) and atypical (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine) antipsychotic drugs (APDs) on spontaneous electrophysiological activity of in vitro neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Network burst analysis revealed a "regularizing" effect of all APDs at therapeutic concentrations, i.e., an increase of network-wide temporal synchronization. At supratherapeutic concentrations, all APDs but olanzapine mediated a decrease of burst and spike rates, burst duration, number of spikes in bursts, and network synchrony. The rank order of potency of APDs was: haloperidol > aripiprazole > clozapine > olanzapine (no suppression). Disruption of network function was not due to enhanced cell death as assessed by trypan blue staining. APDs promoted distinct concentration-dependent alterations yielding acute effect fingerprints of the tested compounds. These effects were rather characteristic for individual compounds than distinctive for typical vs. atypical APDs. Thus, this dichotomy may be of value in distinguishing clinical features but has no apparent basis on the network or local circuitry level.
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9
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Evaluation of antioxidant potencial of novel CaAl and NiAl layered double hydroxides loaded with olanzapine. Life Sci 2018; 207:246-252. [PMID: 29778806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, diseases that present oxidative stress in their physiopathology. It has low aqueous solubility, which may lead to low oral bioavailability. The search of new drug delivery systems (DDSs) that may increase dissolution rate of OLZ, associated with the investigation of the antioxidant potential of the loaded-systems become of major importance to understand improvement in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia therapy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of two different Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) loaded with 5% of OLZ (CaAl and NiAl), by radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxid); radical cation scavenging activity (2,2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ABTS) and evaluation of inhibition capacity of lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The results showed that both obtained LDH systems presented in vitro antioxidant capacity when associated with OLZ in all methods performed, and this activity is more pronounced with the systems containing OLZ compared to pure drug. The systems with CaAl was shown to have increased antioxidant potential, compared to NiAl, increasing the antioxidant activity up to 40,83%, 15,84% and 16,73%, as showed by the DPPH, nitric oxide and TBARS tests, respectively. The results revealed that the use of LDHs as a functional excipient may be promising in the pharmaceutical industry for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia therapy.
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10
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The use of quetiapine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Evidence from clinical and experimental studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:36-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Wachowicz B. Platelet haemostatic function in psychiatric disorders: Effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:564-574. [PMID: 27112326 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2016.1155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Platelets, the smallest anucleated blood cells, play an essential role in the first step of complex haemostatic process. This review presents the haemostatic function of blood platelets related to their activation in psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression), the role of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication, and introduces the mechanisms by which activated platelets may be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Methods Platelets are interesting and easily accessible blood cells to study biochemical pathways related to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and their complex activation process might be useful as a diagnostic peripheral marker for studying psychiatric disorders and haemostatic complications. Results The excessive activation of platelets observed in patients with depression and schizophrenia is involved in cardiovascular diseases, stroke and increased risk of thrombotic complications that may be major causes of morbidity and mortality of patients. The use of antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs in depression and schizophrenia treatment is often associated with haematological side effects such as bleeding, venous thromboembolism and impaired platelet function. Conclusions Understanding the role of platelet activation in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression and medication may improve therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- a Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Barbara Wachowicz
- b Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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12
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Kalelioglu T, Genc A, Karamustafalioglu N. Electroconvulsive Therapy and Oxidative Stress: Comment on the Article of Şenyurt et al. (Clin Psychophacol Neurosci 2017;15:40-46). CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:298-299. [PMID: 28783944 PMCID: PMC5565078 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Kalelioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental Health Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Genc
- Department of Psychiatry, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental Health Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Ignácio ZM, Réus GZ, Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, de Souza TG, Matos D, Goldim MP, Mathias K, Garbossa L, Petronilho F, Quevedo J. Acute and chronic treatment with quetiapine induces antidepressant-like behavior and exerts antioxidant effects in the rat brain. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1195-1208. [PMID: 28477202 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies note that changes in oxidative balance are involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in the success of some antidepressants. Quetiapine exerts a therapeutic response and induces changes in physiological mechanisms that appear to underlie MDD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant and antioxidant effects of quetiapine (20 mg /kg) in adult animals. Sixty minutes after an acute treatment or the last administration of chronic treatment (14 days) with quetiapine, animals were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) to evaluate mobility parameters. Then, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (CPF), amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were removed for the assessment of oxidative stress parameters. Both acute and chronic treatments exerted antidepressant-like effects. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was reduced in the amygdala after acute treatment and in the hippocampus, PFC and amygdala after chronic treatment. In addition, after chronic treatment, the levels of thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) were reduced in the amygdala and NAc, and the protein carbonyl content was reduced in the CPF. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the NAc after acute and chronic treatments. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in the PFC after acute treatment and in the NAc after acute and chronic treatments. The concentration of nitrite/nitrate was lower in the CPF after chronic treatment. These results corroborate the antidepressant effect of quetiapine and indicate that quetiapine exhibits an antioxidant profile, a physiological mechanism that appears be involved in the therapeutic function of quetiapine in individuals resistant to classical antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleide M Ignácio
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Farmacologia e Psicopatologia, Campus Chapecó, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Thays G de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Danyela Matos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Goldim
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garbossa
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Porcelli S, Crisafulli C, Calabrò M, Serretti A, Rujescu D. Possible biomarkers modulating haloperidol efficacy and/or tolerability. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:507-29. [PMID: 27023437 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.16.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol (HP) is widely used in the treatment of several forms of psychosis. Despite of its efficacy, HP use is a cause of concern for the elevated risk of adverse drug reactions. adverse drug reactions risk and HP efficacy greatly vary across subjects, indicating the involvement of several factors in HP mechanism of action. The use of biomarkers that could monitor or even predict HP treatment impact would be of extreme importance. We reviewed the elements that could potentially be used as peripheral biomarkers of HP effectiveness. Although a validated biomarker still does not exist, we underlined the several potential findings (e.g., about cytokines, HP metabolites and genotypic biomarkers) which could pave the way for future research on HP biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical & NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical Science & Morphological & Functional Images, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical Science & Morphological & Functional Images, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical & NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
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15
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Impact of lithium alone or in combination with haloperidol on oxidative stress parameters and cell viability in SH-SY5Y cell culture. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:38-44. [PMID: 26286703 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that lithium may inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Lithium salts also appear to stimulate cell proliferation, increase neurogenesis, and delay cell death. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration may play an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and the disease course thereof. The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of lithium (alone and in combination with haloperidol) on the parameters of oxidative stress and viability of SH-SY5Y cell lines in neutral and pro-oxidative conditions. METHODS The evaluated oxidative stress parameter was lipid peroxidation. The viability of the cell lines was measured utilising the MTT test. RESULTS In neutral conditions, higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were observed in those samples which contained both haloperidol and lithium than in other samples. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Cell viability was significantly higher in therapeutic lithium samples than in the controls; samples of haloperidol alone as well as those of haloperidol with lithium did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study may indicate that lithium possess neuroprotective properties that may be partly due to antioxidative effects. The combination of lithium and haloperidol may generate increased oxidative stress.
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16
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Xuan Y, Yan G, Wu R, Huang Q, Li X, Xu H. The cuprizone-induced changes in (1)H-MRS metabolites and oxidative parameters in C57BL/6 mouse brain: Effects of quetiapine. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:185-92. [PMID: 26340869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuprizone is a copper-chelating agent and able to induce oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in C57BL/6 mouse brain. Recent studies have used the cuprizone-fed mouse as an animal model of schizophrenia to examine putative roles of altered oligodendrocytes in this mental disorder. The present study reported the effects of cuprizone on the brain metabolites and oxidative parameters with the aim of providing neurochemical evidence for the application of the cuprizone mouse as an animal model of schizophrenia. In addition, we examined effects of quetiapine on the cuprizone-induced changes in brain metabolites and oxidative parameters; this atypical antipsychotic was shown to ameliorate the cuprizone-induced demyelination and behavioral changes in previous studies. C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard rodent chow without or with cuprizone (0.2% w/w) for four weeks during which period they were given sterilized saline or quetiapine in saline. The results of the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) showed that cuprizone-feeding decreased (1)H-MRS signals of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), total NAA (NAA + NAAG), and choline-containing compounds (phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine), suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain neurons. Biochemical analyses showed lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, but higher levels of malondialdehyde and H2O2 in the brain tissue of cuprizone-fed mice, indicative of an oxidative stress. These cuprizone-induced changes were effectively relieved in the mice co-administered with cuprizone and quetiapine, although the antipsychotic alone showed no effect. These findings suggest the toxic effects of cuprizone on mitochondria and an antioxidant capacity of quetiapine, by which this antipsychotic relieves the cuprizone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Xuan
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Anatomy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Reininghaus EZ, Zelzer S, Reininghaus B, Lackner N, Birner A, Bengesser SA, Fellendorf FT, Kapfhammer HP, Mangge H. [Oxidative stress in bipolar affective disorder]. DER NERVENARZT 2015; 85:1099-107. [PMID: 24441847 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The results of mortality studies have indicated that medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes are the most important causes of mortality among patients with bipolar disorder. The reasons for the increased incidence and mortality are not fully understood. Oxidative stress and an inadequate antioxidative system might be one missing link and could also help to further elucidate the pathophysiological basis of bipolar disorder. This article provides a comprehensive review of oxidative stress in general and about the existing data for bipolar disorder. In addition information is given about possible therapeutic strategies to reduce oxidative stress and the use in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Reininghaus
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 803, Graz, Österreich,
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18
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Nasyrova RF, Ivashchenko DV, Ivanov MV, Neznanov NG. Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects. Front Physiol 2015; 6:139. [PMID: 26029110 PMCID: PMC4426711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease. Over the past 50 years, many investigators have considered the role of toxic free radicals in the etiology of schizophrenia. This is an area of active research which is still evolving. Here, we review the recent data and current concepts on the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. NO is involved in storage, uptake and release of mediators and neurotransmitters, including glutamate, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, GABA, taurine and glycine. In addition, NO diffuses across cell membranes and activates its own extrasynaptic receptors. Further, NO is involved in peroxidation and reactive oxidative stress. Investigations reveal significant disturbances in NO levels in the brain structures (cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum) and fluids of subjects with schizophrenia. Given the roles of NO in central nervous system development, these changes may result in neurodevelopmental changes associated with schizophrenia. We describe here the recent literature on NOS gene polymorphisms on schizophrenia, which all point to consistent results. We also discuss how NO may be a new target for the therapy of mental disorders. Currently there have been 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of L-lysine as an NOS inhibitor in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Nasyrova
- V.M. Bekhterev Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Ivashchenko
- V.M. Bekhterev Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Ivanov
- V.M. Bekhterev Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G Neznanov
- V.M. Bekhterev Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute Saint Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Quetiapine attenuates recognition memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2015; 25:647-50. [PMID: 24642954 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, may have beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the effect of quetiapine on object recognition memory in AD has never been measured. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quetiapine on object recognition memory and on oxidative stress that could be involved in the AD pathogenesis in an amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 double transgenic mouse model of AD. Nontransgenic and transgenic mice were treated with quetiapine (0 or 5 mg/kg/day) in drinking water from the age of 2 months. After 10 months of continuous quetiapine administration, object recognition memory impairment and the increased hippocampal protein expression of nitrotyrosine, a protein marker of oxidative stress, were attenuated in the AD mice. These results suggest that quetiapine can attenuate object recognition memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in an amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mouse model of AD and indicate that the antioxidative effect of early quetiapine intervention may be associated with the beneficial effect of quetiapine on memory in AD.
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20
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Lemmo W. Potential interactions of prescription and over‐the‐counter medications having antioxidant capabilities with radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lemmo
- LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care Inc.Vancouver Canada
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21
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Refining and integrating schizophrenia pathophysiology – Relevance of the allostatic load concept. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:183-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Kalelioglu T, Genc A, Karamustafalioglu N, Tasdemir A, Can Gungor F, Cansiz A, Incir S, Cem Ilnem M, Emul M. Initial and post-treatment total oxidant-antioxidant status and oxidative stress index in male patients with manic episode. Psychiatry Res 2014; 218:249-51. [PMID: 24768245 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated serum total oxidative and anti-oxidative status in manic patients. Group1 was formed as ECT+antipsychotic, group2 was antipsychotic and healthy volunteers as group3. The anti-oxidative status was significantly lower in group1 than group3. No significant change was found between pre and post-treatment oxidative and anti-oxidative status, whereas significantly increased oxidative stress index has been found in group2. Total anti-oxidative status in manic states seems to be inadequate which remains to be maintained after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Kalelioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Genc
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akif Tasdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferda Can Gungor
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Cansiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Said Incir
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - M Cem Ilnem
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training, State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Emul
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Turkey
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23
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:316-324. [PMID: 25036041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. In the present study, the cyto/genotoxic potential of clinically relevant concentrations of HLP was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) as sensitive biomarkers of exposure. HLP was administered as HLP hydrochloride in the final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml for 4 and 24 h period. Cytotoxicity was determined using differential staining of HPBLs with acridine orange and ethidium bromide while chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assays were applied to estimate the chromosomal and DNA damage after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that HLP is capable of inducing cyto/genotoxicity in tested cells. Present study has also confirmed the need for further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring to minimize the risk of any possible adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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24
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Alterations in circadian rhythms are associated with increased lipid peroxidation in females with bipolar disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:715-22. [PMID: 24438530 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in both circadian rhythms and oxidative stress systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), yet no studies have investigated the relationship between these systems in BD. We studied the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on lipid damage in 52 depressed or euthymic BD females, while controlling for age, severity of depressive symptoms and number of psychotropic medications, compared to 30 healthy controls. Circadian rhythm disruption was determined by a self-report measure (Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; BRIAN), which measures behaviours such as sleep, eating patterns, social rhythms and general activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as a proxy of lipid peroxidation. We also measured the activity of total and extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Multiple linear regressions showed that circadian rhythm disturbance was independently associated with increased lipid peroxidation in females with BD (p < 0.05). We found decreased extracellular SOD (p < 0.05), but no differences in total SOD, CAT or GST activity between bipolar females and controls. Circadian rhythms were not associated with lipid peroxidation in healthy controls, where aging was the only significant predictor. These results suggest an interaction between the circadian system and redox metabolism, in that greater disruption in daily rhythms was associated with increased lipid peroxidation in BD only. Antioxidant enzymes have been shown to follow a circadian pattern of expression, and it is possible that disturbance of sleep and daily rhythms experienced in BD may result in decreased antioxidant defence and therefore increased lipid peroxidation. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the links between oxidative stress and circadian rhythms in the neurobiology of BD.
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25
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Polyphenols from Berries of Aronia melanocarpa Reduce the Plasma Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Ziprasidone. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:602390. [PMID: 25061527 PMCID: PMC4099167 DOI: 10.1155/2014/602390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Oxidative stress in schizophrenia may be caused partially by the treatment of patients with antipsychotics. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of polyphenol compounds derived from berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox) on the plasma lipid peroxidation induced by ziprasidone in vitro. Methods. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). The samples of plasma from healthy subjects were incubated with ziprasidone (40 ng/ml; 139 ng/ml; and 250 ng/ml) alone and with Aronox (5 ug/ml; 50 ug/ml). Results. We observed a statistically significant increase of TBARS level after incubation of plasma with ziprasidone (40 ng/ml; 139 ng/ml; and 250 ng/ml) (after 24 h incubation: P = 7.0 × 10(-4), P = 1.6 × 10(-3), and P = 2.7 × 10(-3), resp.) and Aronox lipid peroxidation caused by ziprasidone was significantly reduced. After 24-hour incubation of plasma with ziprasidone (40 ng/ml; 139 ng/ml; and 250 ng/ml) in the presence of 50 ug/ml Aronox, the level of TBARS was significantly decreased: P = 6.5 × 10(-8), P = 7.0 × 10(-6), and P = 3.0 × 10(-5), respectively. Conclusion. Aronox causes a distinct reduction of lipid peroxidation induced by ziprasidone.
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26
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Lee SY, Lee SJ, Han C, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Pae CU. Oxidative/nitrosative stress and antidepressants: targets for novel antidepressants. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:224-35. [PMID: 23022673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The brain is an organ predisposed to oxidative/nitrosative stress. This is especially true in the case of aging as well as several neurodegenerative diseases. Under such circumstances, a decline in the normal antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to an increase in the vulnerability of the brain to the deleterious effects of oxidative damage. Highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species damage lipids, proteins, and mitochondrial and neuronal genes. Unless antioxidant defenses react appropriately to damage inflicted by radicals, neurons may experience microalteration, microdysfunction, and degeneration. We reviewed how oxidative and nitrosative stresses contribute to the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and reviewed the clinical implications of various antioxidants as future targets for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Medicine, Medical Science, The Graduate School of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Impact of peripheral levels of chemokines, BDNF and oxidative markers on cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1376-82. [PMID: 23806580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible differences in peripheral levels of chemokines, BDNF and oxidative markers between patients with Schizophrenia (SZ) and matched healthy controls, and investigate the correlation of these biomarkers with cognitive performance. METHODS Thirty individuals with SZ and 27 healthy controls were included and the following plasmatic biomarkers' levels were determined according to manufacturers' instructions: BDNF, TBARS, protein carbonyl content (PCC) and the chemokines CXCL-10/IP-10, CXCL-8/IL-8, CCL-11, CCL-24/Eotaxin-2, CCL-2/MCP-1, CCL-3/MIP-1. Selected neuropsychological tasks were administered to assess verbal learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test), verbal fluency (FAS test), working memory (Visual Working Memory Task, Keep Track Task, Letter Memory Task), set shifting (Plus-minus task, Number-letter task), inhibition (Computerized Stroop Task, Semantic Generation Task) and complex executive function tasks (Tower of London and the shortened version of the WCST-64). RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, individuals with SZ presented significantly higher levels of BDNF and the chemokine CCL-11, and lower levels of TBARS and the chemokine CXCL-10/IP-10. When we examined only the SZ group, BDNF levels were positively correlated with semantic generation tasks. Working memory ability was negatively correlated with PCC. Regarding chemokines, CCL-11 was negatively correlated to performance in working memory test, and positively correlated with cognitive flexibility task. CXCL-8/IL-8 was positively correlated with verbal fluency. CCL-24/Eotaxin-2 was positively correlated with semantic generation ability and letter memory task. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cognitive performance in SZ is associated with mediators of neuroplasticity that can be measured peripherally.
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Zhornitsky S, Wee Yong V, Koch MW, Mackie A, Potvin S, Patten SB, Metz LM. Quetiapine fumarate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: focus on myelin repair. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:737-44. [PMID: 23870612 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is associated with progressive oligodendrocyte and neuronal loss, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Several medications that mitigate immune abnormalities reduce both the frequency of relapses and inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging, leading to improved outcomes for people with the relapsing-remitting form of MS. However, there are no treatments for the progressive forms of MS where neurons and axons continue to degenerate; here, neuroprotective therapies, or medications that rebuild myelin to confer axonal well-being, may be useful. Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic with reported remyelinating and neuroprotective properties in inflammatory and noninflammatory models of demyelination, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and both cuprizone- and global cerebral ischemia-induced demyelination. Preclinical studies suggest that quetiapine may exert these effects by stimulating proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes, releasing neurotrophic factors, increasing antioxidant defences, scavenging for free radicals, and inhibiting activated microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. Additionally, quetiapine may be beneficial for psychiatric and nonpsychiatric symptoms of MS including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and possibly even pain. These data indicate that clinical trials are justified to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of quetiapine fumarate in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary MS Clinic, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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29
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Kopka J, Kwiatkowska A. The effects of ziprasidone, clozapine and haloperidol on lipid peroxidation in human plasma (in vitro): comparison. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1490-5. [PMID: 23619559 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative injury in schizophrenia can be caused by the disease itself and probably by antipsychotics treatment. The aim of the study was to establish whether there is a difference between ziprasidone, clozapine and haloperidol effect on lipid peroxidation in human plasma, measured by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The samples of plasma from healthy subjects were incubated with the drugs (1 and 24 h) and compared with control samples. The levels of TBARS were measured spectrophotometrically, according to the Rice-Evans method. The multifactorial variance analysis ANOVA II test showed that the differences in TBARS levels significantly depended on the studied drugs (ziprasidone 40 ng/ml, haloperidol 4 ng/ml and clozapine 350 ng/ml) (F = 3.248 p = 0.047) and (ziprasidone 139 ng/ml, haloperidol 20 ng/ml and clozapine 420 ng/ml) (F = 2.248, p = 2.9 × 10(-5)). Statistically increased levels of TBARS after 24 h incubation of plasma with ziprasidone 139 ng/ml and haloperidol 20 ng/ml (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively) in comparison with control samples were observed. Clozapine did not significantly (p > 0.05) increase TBARS level in plasma in comparison with control samples. The results obtained in the study showed that ziprasidone and haloperidol contrary to clozapine induced a significant increase in plasma lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- Department of Psychiatry and Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry Research, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216, Lodz, Poland.
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Mabrouk H, Houas I, Mechria H, Mechri A, Douki W, Gaha L, Najjar M. Oxidative stress markers in schizophrenic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immbio.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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In vitro effects of three antidepressant drugs on plasma paraoxonase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 27:209-15. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2012-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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